OPER ATIONAL CARBON FOOTPRINT REPORT: 2021
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
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ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
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CONTENTS A FEW WORDS FROM OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE
05
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
06
ABOUT US
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OPERATIONAL CARBON FOOTPRINT 2021
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BUSINESS TRAVEL
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ENERGY
22
PAPER USE
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WATER AND WASTE
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ENERGY PLOTS
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BUSINESS MILES PLOTS
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APPENDIX A:CARBON OFFSETS CERTIFICATE APPENDIX B:CARBON GOVERNANCE STRATEGY
40 41
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IMAGERY NEEDED?
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A FEW WORDS FROM OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE Welcome to our 14th annual assessment of our operational carbon footprint, covering the 2021 calendar year – our first year as an employee-owned business. Whilst we have continued to feel the impact of the global pandemic during the year, it has been impressive how everyone involved has responded to accommodate these impacts and embed new working practices where these improve the delivery of our skills. Whilst offices have re-opened in 2021, we have also had to continue to work with reduced travel and face-to-face interactions with our clients, colleagues, and business associates. In response to this, Purcell has introduced a new agile working policy to support everyone so that they can work in a flexible and productive way. From an environmental perspective, we have seen many of the significant improvements that arose in 2020 locked-in to our working practices:
•
LOW BUSINESS TRAVEL | Our total business miles for 2021 were unchanged from 2020, i.e., approximately one million miles below the pre-pandemic levels.
•
LOW ENERGY USE | With studios re-opening, but with continued working from home, there was a small increase in energy use, but the overall level was still well below pre-pandemic levels.
•
REDUCED PAPER USE | Despite the reopening of our studios, there has been a further reduction in paper use and the emissions from this.
Whilst we would expect some further bounce back on overall emissions during 2022, it is very pleasing to see from the 2021 data that we have the capacity to retain many of the positive benefits as effective parts of our working practices. In particular, we have further invested in hardware to support remote meetings and are actively considering our options to facilitate the continued use of virtual meetings with multiple participants without changing the open plan character of many of our studios. Another notable change in 2021 was that the Norwich studio relocated from the Colegate premises, which were our head office for many years. Although the Colegate building has an important place in the history of our business, from a sustainability perspective the move to Seebohm House is very much how the future will look. Within 2021 we saved almost 5 tCO2e through the improved energy efficiency of the new studio, putting it on par with London and Cambridge as our most energy efficient studios. Once an agreement is reached for the relocation of the York studio, that is expected in 2022, we expect to see an even larger saving. For the second year, we are operating on a net zero carbon basis by offsetting our total carbon footprint (as evidenced in Appendix I). We will continue to work on this basis as we apply the principles and actions that we have developed in our Carbon Governance Strategy. Our next major target in this is to further reduce our total carbon emission by 50% (from our 2019 level) by 2030, and we are already ahead of our interim target. Further details of how we have performed in 2021 and our plans between now and 2030 are contained within this report. I hope that this information, and the achievements that it demonstrates, will help you understand the continued depth of our commitment to improving sustainability within our day-to-day activities. As a business, we have retained our focus on environmental improvements, despite the unique pressures that 2020 and 2021 have delivered and look forward to working together in maintaining these improvements through 2022 and beyond.
Mark Goldspink Chief Executive, Purcell
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The main environmental impact of the global pandemic on our business activities in 2021 has been to continue many of the positive changes that were seen in 2020. Hence, we have seen only a small increase in our total carbon footprint and a decrease in our footprint per FTE. Our total footprint increased by 8% on 2020 but our net footprint per FTE (excluding international flights) was down by 1%.
In 2021 our total carbon footprint was 0.63 tCO2e per FTE and the net footprint was 0.56 tCO2e per FTE (excluding international air travel). All components of our footprint are still considerably lower than “business as usual”
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ENERGY Total energy use (per m2) increased by 4% (compared with a 29% decrease in 2020), due to offices at least partially reopening. Continued improvements in the sustainability of the UK’s energy generation capacity meant that, overall, our emissions from energy use were down by 0.5%.
BUSINESS TRAVEL The total of business miles travelled was unchanged on 2020, i.e. almost one million miles below “business as usual”. However, due to increased use of private transport over public, and a small increase in international flights, our total business travel footprint was up 18%. The increased use of private transport is understandable, but every mile in a private car generates about five times the carbon emissions per person as the same distance by train. Average travel per person was 57% below our target of 3,750 miles per FTE, but only 68% of travel was chargeable to projects (target = 70%).
PAPER Despite offices re-opening during the year, giving increased access to studio printers and plotters, paper use was down again in 2021 (by 13%). However, as we track this element of our footprint from total paper orders, this may have been affected by studios continuing to use up existing paper stocks.
WASTE & WATER The Practice recycles all waste, including kitchen waste. During 2021 there was an exceptional level of WEEE disposed of - totalling 611 kg. Of this, 279 kg was destroyed, and 332 kg was recycled for re-use by the waste handler. The carbon emissions from the destroyed waste amounted to estimated 6 tCO2e. This is a significant level in the context of current total footprint (approx. 4%), however, as this is an exceptional (oneoff) amount it has not been included in our total footprint. Emission levels from water use have been previously tracked, where possible, to ensure control and good practice but were not significant to our footprint and have not been included in the total (combined total is <1%). With the Norwich studio having relocated, we now have only three offices where our water use is directly measurable and this is insufficient to provide any meaningful data.
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ABOUT US Purcell is one of the world’s leading design practices with over 70 years experience as architects, masterplanners and heritage consultants. We are a collective of dedicated and talented individuals who bring together complementary skills and backgrounds. We unite in our enthusiasm to create highly regarded transformative architecture.
OUR PURPOSE We extend the life of the old, create excellent new design for the present, and advise on how to establish robust futures.
OUR VISION To be a respected international practice renowned for our expertise, quality and unique offering in Architecture, Masterplanning and Heritage Consultancy.
We are committed to understanding how our work affects, and can improve, sustainability. Through our environmental management system we have developed key monitoring activities that inform us on how we are performing and where we can improve. These activities are focused on two key elements:
We have a large team of talented employee-owners and nationwide resources, across regional studios, offering an invaluable wealth and breadth of expertise. Our studio network means we can handle projects of all types and sizes throughout the UK. We also undertake projects across the world, working to international conservation standards.
•
Our architectural work. This is the area of our activities that has the greatest impact on the environment. In order to understand how we are performing we use industrystandard assessment tools. We offer our clients access to to independent professional BREEAM assessors. Through BREEAM we expect to better understand how our architectural activities affect the environment, spread this understanding across all our staff, clients and other stakeholders, and establish where we can improve our environmental performance.
•
Our studio activities. As a largely studio-based service business the direct environmental impact from our activities is relatively low but we are committed to understanding and reducing our direct impacts though measuring our carbon footprint and establishing a carbon governance strategy to reduce this where possible. This is the topic of this report.
Our work is organised across sectors. Our ability to combine local knowledge with sector expertise means that we can provide a tailored service to our clients and offer rewarding employment to people who meet our commitments to architecture and sustainability. Every studio has a representative to act as a point of reference for all activities relating to sustainability. We operate an integrated management system that is certified to ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, and we have developed a corporate responsibility strategy following the guidance given in ISO 26000 and are developing a collaboration strategy that follows guidance given in ISO 44001.
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Our methodology for measuring our carbon footprint is in accordance with the Defra guidance for UK business. We normalise our calculations to evaluate our targets on a per person basis so that we can demonstrate environmental improvements without hindering our growth aspirations. In identifying the main components of our footprint, we follow the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol, including:
•
•
•
Use carbon offsetting to achieve a net zero carbon position for the Practice
Measured directly by studio, with estimates included where direct readings are not available.
•
Reduce net emissions by 50% (from the 2019 total) by 2030 01
Business travel – Scope 3
•
Reduce average energy in studios to 160 kWh/m2
•
Analyse business miles in private cars by fuel type (diesel/ petrol/hybrid/electric)
•
Adopt a policy that all hire cars used will, wherever possible, be at least self-charging hybrids
•
Recognise and promote best practices from the Covid-19 lockdown that reduce business travel
•
Report Regional totals in the Footprint Reports to emphasise the benefits of the Regional strategy
•
Reduce paper emissions by 50% (from 2019 levels) by 2030
01
This target is based on our net footprint (i.e., excluding emissions from international air travel) to allow for Practice growth in the Asia Pacific to be supported from the UK. The overall reduction target is expressed on a per FTE basis to allow for overall growth in the business. The target for 2030 is 450 kgCO2e per FTE.
Energy use – Scopes 1 & 2
Paper use – Scope 3 Calculated from paper purchase records.
•
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
In 2010 we developed our first Carbon Governance Strategy to set our long term targets upto 2020 for carbon performance on our architectural work and studio activities. During 2020 we re-assessed our Carbon Governance Strategy and agreed the following targets for the years upto 2030:
Calculated from our financial records for the report period.
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ENERGY PLOTS
Waste and water use - Scope 3 Monitored but negligible for our footprint (<1% combined).
Conversion of these records to equivalent CO2 emissions is performed using the factors provided annually by the UK Government. All statistics relating to staff numbers are based on total full-time equivalent (FTE) staff numbers in the year of the report.
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OPERATIONAL CARBON FOOTPRINT 2021
In 2021 our net carbon footprint01 was 0.56 tCO2e per FTE. This is very slightly reduced on 2020 and is 32% below our 2021 target. There has been some bounce back on our total footprint (+8%), mainly due to: • • •
Some limited international travel recommencing Increased use of private transport, in preference to public transport An increased level of studio working than in 2020
Overall, the level of bounce back in activities that lead to carbon emission has been relatively low. CARBON FOOTPRINT SUMMARY
01
CARBON TOTALS (tonnesCO2e)
2021 Changes
2007
2018
2019
2020
2021
Bench mark
Prior Year
Business Travel
175
319
257
64
76
-54%
18%
Energy Use
198
105
90
66
66
-67%
-1%
Paper Use
12
5
4
1
1
-93%
-13%
Total Footprint
385
428
350
132
142
-62%
8%
Carbon Offsets
-5
-202
-137
-132
-142
Balance
380
226
214
0
0
Total per FTE
2.77
1.84
1.48
0.60
0.63
-65%
4%
Net per FTE
2.73
0.97
0.90
0.57
0.56
-80%
-1%
Our Carbon Governance Strategy sets an emissions improvement target in terms of net footprint per FTE. This is our total footprint less the emissions due to international air travel. These are excluded because the large distances involved can have a disproportionate influence from year to year. Our policy is still to offset all calculated emissions.
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% s7 Ga
Electr
icity 4 %
HOW WE ACHIEVED THIS
l 8% e v a r te T a v i Pr vel 4% Public Tra Paper 0.1%
Reduction from 2007
76.9%
All of our carbon performance measurements remained significantly reduced in 2021, despite our overall workload returning to close to pre-pandemic levels, and our studios re-opening (under a flexible working policy). Last year we noted that the 2020 results had shown us that, whilst all working practices during the pandemic had not necessarily been optimal, we were able to deliver our professional services with significantly less travel than had been our norm. This has been replicated in 2021, with business miles travelled being unchanged from 2020, whilst our turnover increased by almost 10%.
Additionally, our paper use reduced by a further 13%, although this has a negligible impact on our operational footprint. The other major change in 2021 has been the relocation of the Norwich studio to Seebohm House. From having the second highest level of energy use per m2 of our UK studios, the 2021 data indicates that from 2022 the Norwich studio will be amongst our most carbon efficient properties.
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INTENSITY RATIOS The following charts summarise how the key elements of the Practice’s footprint are varying with the main growth factors that affect them.
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KPI PERFORMANCE AGAINST TARGETS KPI
Units
TARGET
ACTUAL
Net carbon footprint
kgCO2e
825
560
Average energy use per m2
kWh/m2
176
152
Miles/FTE
3,750
1,693
kgCO2e/FTE
19.1
7.4
Business miles in private cars
%
<30%
41%
Business miles charged to projects
%
>70%
87%
Environmental legislation non-compliance
No.
Nil
Nil
ISO 140001 major non-conformances
No.
Nil
Nil
Business miles per FTE Emissions from paper use
Notes:
(1) T he percentage use of private cars increased above the target in 2020 due to the reduced infection risk over public transport and has increased further in 2021. The increase is for understandable reasons and our target will be re-evaluated in when we have sufficient clarity on how our working practices will settle post-pandemic. The business will also be reconsidering this target as the use of electric vehicles increases (reducing the adverse effect of this mode of travel). PROSPECTS FOR 2022 AND BEYOND For the period 2020 to 2030 we have an agreed set of target reductions in our revised Carbon Governance Strategy (2020). Overall, these are consolidated into a target to reduce our net emissions by at least 50% by 2030. The rationale behind how this can be achieved is summarised in the following table: Net Footprint (tCO2e)
2019
2030
Reduction
Improved electricity emissions factor
43
14
-67%
Improved building efficiency
47
37
-21%
Energy Total
90
51
-43%
120
95
-21%
Use of electric vehicles
-
-50
-
Lock-in Covid-19 best practice
-
-12
-
120
33
-72%
4
2
-50%
214
86
-60%
Improved travel emission factors
Travel (net) Paper use reductions Overall Potential Reduction02
02
The overall potential reduction (60%) is greater than the reduction target (50%).
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STATUS
(1)
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It can be seen that a significant level of the target reductions is expected to be achieved through external improvements in energy and travel factors. These reflect a continuation of improvements that have been observed over previous years as a result of the UK government and energy generators’ commitments to achieving environmental improvements.
The three factors that the business has control over that will have the main impact on our ability to meet these targets are: •
IMPROVED BUILDING EFFICIENCY Between 2007 and 2019, the Practice made a number of studio relocations and openings. The moves of the London and Cambridge studios were notable in their impact on reducing our carbon footprint. In early 2021 the Norwich studio relocated from its long-time home in Colegate, where the 2020 energy use was 130kWh/m2. For 2021 this reduced to 71 kWh/m2 (one month still at Colegate). This is very significant change in our energy use that is now locked-in for the future. The York studio is also expected to relocate (in 2022) once a suitable location has been secured. This is expected to generate significant savings on heating energy.
•
IMPROVED TRAVEL EFFICIENCY Over the period of the new CGS targets there will be an increased take-up of electric vehicles. In 2020, we have started tracking the type of vehicles that people use for business travel and 2021 was our first full year of data. Whilst the use of hybrid and electric cars in 2021 was low (<1.3% of total car mileage), it is expected that this will change significantly over the next 10 years.
•
LOCK-IN BEST PRACTICE Our experience in 2020 and 2021 has shown that our professional services can be delivered with significantly less travel. Business miles dropped by 70% in 2020 and remained at the same level in 2021, despite a 9% increase in turnover. Whilst there will be a continued rebound in business travel as restrictions are eased (and confidence in travel returns), we must consider where the best balance of practice sits between remote and face-to-face working (both internally and with clients) to avoid taking unnecessary journeys. We have invested in hardware to support remote meetings and continue to review solutions to make virtual meetings effective whilst keeping the open plan nature of many of our studios. Also, the past two years has shown that we do not need to be as reliant on printed materials as we have been (paper use down by over 75%).
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How far did we travel?
We travelled a little further per person in 2021 and have preferred using private cars to public transport. This is understandable but does increase our footprint
Still about one million miles
LESS
than pre-pandemic
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BUSINESS TRAVEL Business travel is normally the largest component of the Practice’s carbon footprint (56% in 2019)01. The impact of the pandemic caused this to drop to 49% in 2020. In 2021, travel has returned to around 53% of our footprint, but at a significantly lower overall level than pre-pandemic.
The Practice has three key targets for business travel.02 •
Use of private cars for business trips is to not be greater than 30% of total business miles. In 2020 we exceeded this target for the first time since 2014, and the relative level was further increased in 2021. This was caused by the overall reduction in travel, combining with a precautionary approach by staff to avoid public transport (avoiding infection risk), to give an increased percentage. This position is understandable under the current circumstances and total use of private cars was still significantly reduced in 2021.
•
Overall annual business mileage per FTE is to be not greater than 3,750 miles. With the continued reduction in travel, this target was easily met in 2021 and the actual total was 1,600 miles per FTE.
At least 70% of business miles should be job chargeable; the overall total for 2021 was only 57% (significantly down on 2020). The UK Studios total was 66%, but Asia-Pacific was only 20%. EMISSIONS
Total Emissions from Business Travel 50
2.5
45 2.0
35 1.5
30 25
1.0
20 15
0.5
10 5
Emissions per FTE
Emissions per Turnover
40
0.0
0
tCO2e per £k
tCO2e per FTE
The overall downward trend in the level of emissions (normalised to both Practice Turnover and FTE) increased dramatically in 2020 and has bounced back only slightly in 2021. The total miles travelled was unchanged between the two years and there are two main factors for why the emissions levels have increased slightly: 01
Increased international air travel. Although still low overall, the volume of international air miles increased by almost 20% and the emissions factors for air travel also increased (due to lower passenger numbers per flight).
02 Increased private car use. The reason for this change is understandable, but car mileage increased by 15% whilst train journeys decreased by the same amount. For our current mix of car usage, the average emissions factor for car use is over five times greater than for trains. 01
The business travel patterns of the Practice have been analysed in terms of the estimated tCO2 generated from car mileage and journeys by rail, air, bus, tube, taxi and ferry. The latter four only have a nominal contribution to the Practice’s carbon footprint compared with car, rail and air and have been combined as ‘Other’ within the data presentation.
02
These targets exclude international flights from the calculation on the basis that the large distance involved can have a disproportionate effect on the consistency of travel patterns from year-to-year. There is usually no alternative method of transport in such cases and the Practice has always purchased carbon offsets at least equivalent to the value of emissions for our international flights (and now offsets its entire footprint).
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BUSINESS MILES The total business miles travelled in 2021 were around 415,000; unchanged from 2020. This equals a reduction of almost 1 million miles compared with our pre-pandemic travel; or the equivalent of nearly 40 times around the world. The main point of note is that, despite this dramatic change in our travel patterns, our turnover in 2021 was almost back to pre-pandemic levels, but business miles remain reduced by 70%.
All Regions were below the target of 3,750 miles per FTE but the overall target of at least 70% of travel being project chargeable was not quite met (68%), with the West and Asia Pacific regions falling well short on this target. See Business Miles Plots for the details by office.
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MODE OF TRAVEL Although we missed our target for travel in private cars in 2021, our overall performance on improving our footprint through increasing our use of public transport is still good. It is noted that the level of business mileage by bicycle was the highest ever at 750 miles, over three times the level in 2020.
Business Miles - 2007
Public Transport
36%
Business Miles - 2021
Public Transport
Private Car
64%
51%
20
Private Car
49%
BUSINESS TRAVEL
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KEY DATA Net Travel Emissions per FTE (kgCO2e/FTE)
Car
Rail
Air
Other
Total
East
269
48
0.0
1.2
319
London & SE
150
67
0.0
3.7
220
North
347
33
0.0
2.1
382
West
220
34
4.4
17.8
276
Asia Pacific
163
2
70.2
6.2
242
Group & Central
113
30
0.0
6.6
150
All Studios
213
45
5.2
3.2
266
2018
2019
Business Miles per FTE
2020
2021
East
5,682
5,171
2,376
1,831
London & SE
2,630
2,468
1,448
1,757
North
4,180
4,472
2,140
1,851
West
5,197
4,664
1,221
1,413
Asia Pacific
1,673
4,021
687
808
Group & Central
3,443
4,332
1,527
975
All Studios
3,871
3,911
1,693
1,597
NOTE: In all Tables “Other” = mileage by bus, ferry, taxi and tube/tram and the data excludes international air travel. Travel for HCT staff is included within their Studio/Region.
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How much energy did we use? The Norwich studio relocation
SAVED over
4 tCO2eq in 2021 Energy use remained low even though offices have been re-opening
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ENERGY The carbon emissions from the Practice’s energy use in 2021 totalled 66 tCO2e and were 46% of our total footprint.
ENERGY USE With the enforced studio closures, 2020 saw a 22.5% decrease in total energy use. As studios have re-opened during 2021, but still with significant working form home, there has been a small rebound in energy use (+4%). However, our energy use is still almost 20% down on the pre-pandemic level. Details of the regions and individual studios are presented in Energy Plots at the end of the report. The key changes in 2021 were: •
NORWICH The move to Seebohm House early in the year has resulted in a 45% reduction in total energy for the Norwich studio. Having always been amongst the least energy efficient locations whilst at Colegate, Norwich is now one of our most energy efficient properties.
•
COLCHESTER Energy use in Colchester has increased by 46% on 2021. Although total electricity used was down further on 2020, total gas used increased by 67%. This is amongst the highest ever level recorded for the studio. Investigations by the studio has found that the programmed heating controls had been over-ridden, which now has been reset.
•
CANTERBURY Canterbury also saw a significant rebound on gas use (+48%), but the absolute level is still below the studio’s pre-pandemic usage level. Settings are being reviewed and adjusted in Canterbury the prospect of replacing the existing boiler will be reviewed.
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EMISSIONS The Practice’s carbon emissions from energy use are shown by the blue area in the chart above. The level of total emissions from energy use was down by a fraction of a percent on 2020. Increases in gas use (as studios re-opened) were, at least partially, offset by an overall reduction in electricity use due to lower occupancy levels. Continued reduction in the carbon factors for gas and electricity also contributed. The values of the emissions factors are beyond the control of the Practice but the trends in our energy use are still positive. Only 33% of energy use in 2021 was from electricity, compared to 60% in 2014. Electricity has historically had an emissions factor that is about 70% of the combined factors and reducing electricity usage (by removing servers for example) has a relatively greater impact than reducing gas use; but this differential has been reducing since 2014 as the carbon efficiency of electricity generation has improved. In the updated Carbon Governance Strategy, the Practice has set a target for our average energy use across all UK studios to be a maximum of 160 kWh/m2. This target was achieved in 2021 but it is unclear from the available data how close we would have been under normal trading conditions. However, the Norwich studio relocation has now locked in more energy efficiencies and the forthcoming relocation of the York studio will provide additional efficiencies.
Notes: * Based on estimated data. + Based on partially estimated data.
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TEMPERATURE During the 12 months covered by this analysis there was a 14% reduction in Heating Degree Days (HDD) compared to 2007, and 2021 was one of the warmest years since 2014. The period 2014-2021 has been 14% warmer 01 on average than the period from 2007-2013. See “Energy Plots” for details of energy use by studio.
KEY DATA 2021
Gas
Electric tCO2e
Energy Use
Ranked Emissions
tCO2e
kWh/m2
kgCO2/m2
% of Floor Area
% of CO2e
MWh
tCO2e
York
51.0
9.3
5.9
1.3
10.6
322.9
60.1
7.8%
16.1%
Colchester
63.8
11.7
7.3
1.6
13.2
246.8
45.9
12.7%
20.1%
Canterbury
43.5
8.0
5.8
1.2
9.2
197.6
36.9
11.0%
14.0%
Manchester*
29.3
5.4
12.6
2.7
8.0
170.0
32.6
10.9%
12.2%
Overall
227.6
41.7
114.4
24.3
66.0
150.1
29.1
100.0%
100.0%
Bristol+
19.1
3.5
6.7
1.4
4.9
144.2
27.5
7.9%
7.5%
Oxford
6.1
1.1
11.9
2.5
3.6
126.9
25.7
6.3%
5.5%
12.2
2.2
6.0
1.3
3.5
89.5
17.2
9.0%
5.3%
Norwich
2.6
0.5
11.3
2.4
2.9
71.1
14.7
8.6%
4.3%
London
0.0
0.0
37.4
7.9
7.9
69.8
14.8
23.6%
12.0%
Cambridge
MWh
Emissions
Notes: * Based on estimated data. + Based on partially estimated data.
01
As measured by compiling Heating Degree Days data from the nearest weather station to each Purcell studio and consolidating these based on relative office size.
25
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
We used EVEN LESS Paper than in 2020 2007
2012
60 kgCO2e
30 kgCO2e
26
2021
5 kgCO2e
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
PAPER USE The volume of waste paper is not monitored directly by the Practice as all used paper is either re-used for draft printing or is sent for recycling. As an indicator of the sustainability impact from paper use, paper orders are reviewed to estimate the amount used. These are converted to equivalent reams of A4 for the calculation of carbon emissions.
With the enforced studio closures leading to reduced access to plotters and printers, there was a 75% drop in paper use and emissions in 2020. Despite the partial reopening of studios in 2021, there was a further reduction of 13% in our total paper orders. This is likely to be, at least, partially due to studios continuing to use pre-pandemic paper stocks, but we would like to believe that new working practices that involve less printing are being adopted across the business.
The updated Carbon Governance Strategy set a revised target to reduce paper use emissions by 50% of the 2019 levels by 2030. This target has already been exceeded in 2020 and 2021.
27
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
How much water did we use? Being primarily a studio-based professional service provider, the Practice has low waste streams.
The items covered in this section have been provided for information and monitoring but are not included in the overall carbon footprint.
28
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
WATER AND WASTE Being primarily a studio-based professional service provider, the Practice has low waste streams. The two main generators of waste from the studios are paper use and ICT hardware – although all studios operate recycling schemes for the segregation of wastes (paper, cardboard, plastics, batteries and general waste). Kitchen waste is now also recycled, and no waste will go to landfill. The items covered in this section have been provided for information and monitoring but are not included in the overall carbon footprint. WATER USE The Practice is not a major user of water, with kitchen and toilet facilities being the only points of use. With the move of the Norwich studio, there are now only three studios that have water supplies that are directly metered for Purcell (Canterbury, Colchester and York). This is insufficient data to allow a realistic assessment of our water use. These three properties are the oldest buildings in our studio portfolio and usage from these locations will not be representative of levels used in the rest of our properties. Previous tracking of the available data has demonstrated that carbon emissions from our water use are negligible to our total carbon footprint (<1%). ICT HARDWARE (WEEE) The collection of all waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is controlled through the ICT Department. Wherever possible un-needed equipment is re-sold to our approved waste handlers, in preference to being sent directly for recycling. During 2021 there was an exceptional level of WEEE disposed of - totalling 611 kg. Of this, 279 kg was destroyed, and 332 kg was recycled for re-use by the waste handler. The carbon emissions from the destroyed waste amounted to estimated 6 tCO2e. This is a significant level in the context of current total footprint (approx. 4%), however, as this is an exceptional amount it has not been included in our total footprint. We will continue to monitor the annual levels of our WEEE disposals and will reconsider our position with regards to its inclusion in the footprint on a year-by-year basis.
29
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
Energy Plots 2021 Overall heating energy use has rebounded on 2021, as studios have partially reopened, but electricity use has dropped by a further 4%.
30
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
ENERGY PLOTS OVERALL
NB. In the charts above, the FTE numbers are based on the number of staff who are based within the studios. This includes Group & Central staff who are based in the studios, but excludes staff based in the Manchester Town Hall and Palace of Westminster locations
31
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
EAST
Heating energy use has increased at a higher rate than HDD, with the sharp increase in Colchester offsetting the significant savings in Norwich. The decrease in electricity usage looks to be in line with staff numbers. LONDON & SE
Heating energy use has increased at a higher rate than HDD due to the increase in Canterbury. Electrical use has risen slightly, despite a fall in staff numbers. NORTH
Changes in both heating and electrical energy use appear to be in line with their comparative parameters (HDD and FTE, respectively).
32
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
WEST
Changes in both heating and electrical energy use appear to be broadly in line with their comparative parameters (HDD and FTE, respectively). BRISTOL
The sharp rise in FTE has not been reflected by a similar increase in electrical power. CAMBRIDGE
No data has been received from the landlord’s agents for gas use since 2013.
33
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
CANTERBURY
There has been a sharp increase in gas use as the studio has reopened in 2021, but total usage is still below the pre-pandemic level. COLCHESTER
The Colchester studio had a new boiler installed in October 2019 but the effect of this was masked in 2020 by the enforced studio closure. In 2021 the level of gas use has rebounded to close to the highest level recorded. The reason for this sharp increase is, as yet, not explained. LONDON
No data is available on heating energy, but this is understood to be low. Electrical energy has increased slightly despite a fall in FTE. This may be associated with the change of floor within the building in 2021.
34
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
NORWICH
Norwich moved to Seebohm House in February 2021 and the effect on heating energy usage has been marked. The landlord is providing full energy data for Purcell’s occupancy. OXFORD
The fall and rise in gas use in 2018 is explained by the heating system in the studio having been inoperative for over a year (repaired early 2019 and to be replaced in 2020). Heating energy use in 2021 is consistent with 2020 . YORK
Gas use in York has remained high but consistent. The sharp fall in electric use is believed to be due to the studio closure/ working from home, with electrical heaters not being used to supplement the central heating during the winter.
35
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
Business Miles Plots 2021 This section shows the business miles travelled in each Region and Studio
36
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
BUSINESS MILES PLOTS All plots: Business miles per FTE, excluding international flights. Travel by Group staff is excluded from each applicable studio and shown separately from 2013 onwards. Travel for Manchester Town Hall and Palace of Westminster are included with the Manchester and London studios, respectively. Travel for HCT staff is included with the studio/region where they are based.
REGIONS
37
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
STUDIOS
38
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
BUSINESS TRAVEL
ENERGY
PAPER USE
WATER AND WASTE
39
ENERGY PLOTS
BUSINESS MILES PLOT
APPENDIX A CARBON OFFSET CERTIFICATE
This certificate acknowledges that
PURCELL offset
142.4 tonnes of carbon dioxide by supporting Gold Standard Community Based Verified Carbon Reduction Projects 8 February 2022 Helping to combat climate change and sustain our environment for future generations
John Buckley Managing Director, Carbon Footprint Ltd
www.carbonfootprint.com
40
APPENDIX B CARBON GOVERNANCE STRATEGY
PUR C E LL CARBO N G OV E RNA NCE STRAT EGY UP DAT E 202 0 O NW AR DS EX EC U TI VE S U MMA RY
•
The Practice’s existing Carbon Governance Strategy expires in 2020 and we have exceeded the target of that strategy since 2014.
•
Our revised carbon targets and internal actions to achieve this are:
U s e car b o n o f f s et t ing t o ac hi eve a net z e ro car b o n p o s it io n, b as ed o n t h e 20 19 f o o t p ri nt res ult s , and m aint ai n t hi s p o s it io n go ing f o rwa rd s .
Red uc e n et em is s io ns b y 50% (f ro m t he 20 19 t o t al) b y 20 3 0.
R ed u c e a v er a g e en er g y i n s t u d i o s t o 1 6 0 k W h / m 2, v i a n e w / r el o c a t e d s t u d i o s .
A nal ys e b us in ess m il es i n p r iv at e ca rs b y c ar t yp e.
A d o p t a p o lic y t hat al l hi re ca rs us ed w ill , w he re ve r p o s s ib l e, b e at lea s t s elf - c har gin g hy b rid s .
Reco gni se a nd p ro m o t e b es t p ract i ce s f ro m t he C o vi d - 19 l o ckd o w n t hat r ed u ce b us i n es s t rave l.
Rep o rt Reg io na l t o t als in t he F o o t p rint R ep o rt s t o em p has i s e t h e b e nef it s o f t he Reg io n al s t rat egy .
Red uc e p ap er em is s io ns b y 5 0% (f ro m 2019 lev el s ) b y 203 0. Net Fo o t p ri nt (t CO 2e )
2019
2030
Improved electricity emissions factor
43
14
Improved building efficiency
47
37
-21%
Energ y Tota l
90
51
-43%
Improved travel emission factors
Red uc ti on -67%
120
95
-21%
Use of electric vehicles
-
-50
-
Lock-in Covid-19 best practice
-
-12
-
120
33
-72%
Travel (net) Paper use reductions Ov era l l Tota l
4
2
-50%
214
86
-60%
•
To allow for Practice growth the overall reduction target is expressed on a per FTE basis. The target for 2030 is 450 kgCO2e per FTE.
•
Based on current carbon offset costs, the cost of offsetting the 2019 gross footprint of 350 tonnes is between £2,100 and £7,000. This represents a net increase of between £1,300 and £4,300, as international air travel has already been offset for that period.
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CARBON GOVERNANCE STRATEGY – 2020 UPDATE
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APPENDIX B: CARBON GOVERNANCE STRATEGY
INTRODUC TION The Practice’s Carbon Governance Strategy was first created in 2011 and is part of our overall commitment to sustainability and environmental improvement. The Practice has operated an environmental management system (certified to ISO14001) since 2008 and produces a comprehensive overview of its environmental performance in an annual Operational Carbon Footprint report. This update of our strategy builds on our performance to-date and sets out targets for carbon governance over the next decade.
As of 2019, since introducing our environmental management system (2007) we have reduced our net emissions by 166 tCO2e and our footprint per FTE by 67%.
EXISTING TA RGETS & PERFORMA NC E In the original Carbon Governance Strategy, the Practice agreed to target a 40% reduction in our net carbon footprint by 2020 (against our 2007 benchmark). The 40% target was selected on the basis that this was the UK government’s “Kyoto compliant” target.
As the above chart shows, performance has far exceeded expectations. The 2020 target was reached in 2014 and further improvements have resulted in a footprint that is 45% below that target; and is a 67% reduction on our benchmark footprint. The main savings have been: •
•
•
Emissio ns Fa ctor Reductions | Re-casting of the 2019 footprint using 2007 emissions factors shows that around 50% of the carbon saving was due to improved emissions factors. These changes are outside of the control of the Practice and, whilst some improvements were expected, the level of improvement has been higher than anticipated. Energ y Use Imp rovem ents | Although the difference in emissions factor between gas and electric is closing, electricity use still has the higher environmental impact of the two. In 2007, 62% of our energy use was electric, whilst by 2019 this had reduced to 40%. This change came about by a combination of studio moves and closures. Additionally, the Practice has moved from using in-house servers to cloud-based facilities and created smaller savings from the replacement of kettles and water coolers with built-in facilities. Business Travel Improv ement s | There are two main factors in this: i) Control and reduction of the amount of travel undertaken (annual business miles are now less than 4,000 per FTE – improved communications
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APPENDIX B: CARBON GOVERNANCE STRATEGY
•
•
facilities have supported this), and ii) maximising the use of public transport (up to 79% in 2019, compared with only 36% in 2007). Paper Use Reductions | Although only a small part of the footprint, the early adoption of electronic document management and the recent implementation of copy management software have given a 69% reduction in our paper use emissions. Non-Footprint Act ions | A number of actions have also been recorded in previous versions of the CGS to show how awareness of environmental management has been communicated and promoted throughout the Practice.
In addition, the 2019 Operational Carbon Footprint Report shows that all significant on-going targets for managing carbon impact have been achieved to the extent that is considered possible.
FUTURE C A RBON TA RGETS The UK Gov ernm ent ’s p rima ry carbon emis sions t arg et is to achiev e net zero carbo n by 20 50. This means that the country’s carbon emissions will be reduced by the greatest extent possible and that the remaining balance will be removed through a combination of offsetting (eg. re-forestation) and the use of removal/storage technologies (carbon capture). After evaluation of the likely carbon reduction opportunities, Purcell’s carbon targets are now: 1. 2.
S t art ing im m ed iat e ly, t he P ra ct ic e w ill us e c arb o n o f f s et t in g t o ach ie ve a n et z ero car b o n p o s it io n, b as e d o n t he 20 19 f o o t p ri nt res ult s , an d wil l m ai nt ain t his p o s it io n g o ing f o rw ard s . F o r t he p u rp o s e o f s us t ain ab l e en viro nm e nt al go v er nan ce and , a ls o , t o m it igat e t he p o t ent i al f o r inc re as e s in t h e c o s t o f o f f s et t i n g , o u r t a r g et i s t o r ed u c e n et 1 em i s s i o n s b y 5 0 % f r o m t h e 2 0 1 9 t o t a l ( 2 1 4 t C O 2e ) b y 2030 . The following sections outline the process through which this reduction can be achieved.
C A RBON OFFSET C OSTS Carbon offset costs (through accredited/verified schemes) are currently in the range of £6-20 per tonne. For the 2019 gross footprint of 350 tonnes, this will be a total cost of between £2,100 and £7,000. This represents a net increase of between £1,300 and £4,300; as international air travel has already been offset for that period. The price of carbon offsetting is not fixed, and it is likely that this will increase over the next 10 years as more businesses move to a net zero carbon status and seek to buy offsets within the market. Although some literature exists outlining forecasts for the carbon price within country/region wide Emissions Trading Schemes (eg. the EU-ETS), no data can be presently found on the likely increase in smaller scale (but verified) offsetting schemes. A doubling of the current price should not be discounted as a possibility and the diligent pursuit of carbon emission reduction options will help minimise the impact of increasing offset prices. These reduction options are primarily: studio relocations to more energy efficient buildings, locking in changes in business practices (from the Covid experience) that reduce travel, and promoting the use of electric vehicles (all outlined below).
1 Net carbon footprint = Gross footprint less international air travel (excluded though the purchase of carbon offsets). The large distances involved in international air travel have a substantial and irregular effect on the gross footprint. We have always used the net value to avoid these large variations and will continue to track performance against the net total (whilst seeking to minimise international air travel).
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APPENDIX B: CARBON GOVERNANCE STRATEGY
FUTURE C A RBON EMISSION REDUC TION OPPORTUNITIES ENERGY: The main external factor that impacts our energy emissions is the annual emissions factors published by UK government. Whilst the gas factor has remained relatively constant, the electricity factor has been reducing, as coal-fired power stations have been closed and the level of renewables generation has increased. The UK government is committed to phasing-out coal-fired electricity generation by 2025. One analysis 2 provides the adjacent projections for electricity emission factors. Using their electricity factor for 2030, and assuming that our energy use and the gas factor are constant, predicts a reductio n in en er g y em i s s i o n s o f 3 0 % ( 3 0 t C O 2e) b y 2 0 3 0 . In addition to this emissions factor reduction, it is expected that direct reductions in energy use will also be secured through strategic changes in studio locations. As the Practice develops and grows, there will inevitably be changes in location which will yield opportunities to move to more energy efficient studios. Additionally, part of the UK Government’s strategy for meeting its 2050 target is a continued focus on building energy efficiency. This will also lead to improved options for studio relocations. It is noted that it would be impractical to believe that energy efficiency will be the prime factor when it comes to considering all studio locations. However, building energy efficiency must at least be deta iled as one of the deciding factors when ne w s t ud io s o r r elo cat io ns a r e b e ing co ns i d e red . The current average energy use in our studios is 181.5 kWh/m2. A target av erage of 160 k Wh/m2 is a 12% reduction and is considered to be a feasible level that can be achieved through ensuring that any new studios or relocations are to buildings with the capability of being below this level of energy use (eg. equivalent to the Bristol, Cambridge, London or Oxford studios, all of which have been relocated since 2007). It is estimated that this could give a 1 2% (1 0 tCO2e) reduct ion in em iss io ns.
TRA VEL : Emissio ns Fa ctors | Similar to the energy factors, there have been progressive improvements in the annual travel emission factors as the various forms of transport have become more efficient. In the chart below there is an apparent exception to this for air travel from 2013. This was a re-basing of the method for calculating air travel emissions which has been incorporated into our travel analyses. Analysing the changes in each category of emissions factors gives a weig hted a verag e improv ement of 2 . 6 % p e r y ea r , w h i c h eq u a t e s t o - 2 5 t C O 2e b y 2 0 3 0 . Ele ct ri c Vehicles | The UK Government has announced its policy to ban the sale of non-electric cars (including hybrids) by 2035 and it has been projected that the cost of electric cars will be the same as non-electric cars by 2025. It is clear that electric cars will come to dominate private car ownership by 2030. The current GHG emissions factors for private cars are shown in the adjacent graphic. To-date, Purcell has used the “Average car (fuel unknown)” factor to calculate emissions from private car usage. This has not required the gathering of data on car type and has (successfully) focused emission savings on reducing the level of total business miles by car.
2
BEIS energy and emissions projections. Original chart by Carbon Brief.
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APPENDIX B: CARBON GOVERNANCE STRATEGY
From the 202 0 footprint rep ort, bus iness miles by p rivat e car will b e analys ed b ased on the typ e of ca r us ed 3. This will allow the Practice to incorporate the effect of the adoption of electric vehicle use by staff. Over the period of this strategy is expected that there will be a significant uptake of electric vehicle ownership. If, by 2030, this uptake is that 60% of vehicles are plug-in hybrids and 30% are battery electric (leaving 10% petrol/diesel vehicles), the emiss ions reduction would b e a b o u t 4 0 % o r 5 0 t C O 2e . To support this, t he Pra ctice will also adopt a Policy that all hire-cars must, wherever possible, be at least be a self cha rging hybrid model. Such vehicles have a 35% smaller emissions factor than the “Average vehicle (fuel unknown)” factor. Covid-19 Impa ct | The 2020 footprint report will see a step reduction in business travel due the restrictions that have arisen during the pandemic and associated lockdown. On a simplistic assessment this could be a one-off, 25% reduction in business travel. However, it is likely that there will be longer lasting impacts on business travel and working norms as the practicalities of remote working have been worked through and adopted during the lockdown period. It is not unreasonable to consider that the pandemic impact will result in some reduction in business travel becoming locked-in due to changed practices and attitudes. A cons ervativ e estimate of this is thought to be a 10% reduction in trav el or - 12 tCO2e. Reg iona l Studios | The main strategic decision that has already been taken by the Practice that will have some impact on travel levels is the decision to regionalise studios. However, the likely scale of this policy is difficult to estimate and has not been formally included in the reduction forecasts. To support understanding of this, future F ootprint Repo rts will include rep o rt ing o n a Re gio n al b as is . As ever, on-going awareness and control will still be important for future improvements in travel emissions; having staff who understand the benefit to the Practice, and their own workload, in minimising travel will be a key factor in this. The Practice’s (revised) target of 3,750 miles per FTE was missed in 2019 but is expected to be met in 2020 (because of the Covid-19 impact). Consideration of a further reduction in this to incorporate post-Covid norms can be made once the 2020 report has been compiled. Potential emissions reductions have already been estimated above.
PAPER USE: Although only a minor element of our footprint, since the inception of footprint reporting, and the introduction of supportive technologies, the level of paper use in the Practice has been reducing. By 2 030 the Pra ctice would like to s ee the level of t h i s c o m p o n en t h a l v ed t o 2 t C O 2e.
3
Staff claiming business miles are already required to submit a copy of their insurance cover to evidence that they are covered for business use. A process will be put in place to create a data table of names and vehicle types that will feed into the business miles analysis.
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APPENDIX B: CARBON GOVERNANCE STRATEGY
SUMMA RY Based on the options outlined in the foregoing, the evaluation of our possible 2030 net carbon footprint is as follows: Net Fo o t p ri nt (t CO 2e )
2019
2030
Red uc ti on
Improved electricity emissions factor
43
14
Improved building efficiency
47
37
-21%
Energ y Tota l
90
51
-43%
Improved travel emission factors
-67%
120
95
-21%
Use of electric vehicles
-
-50
-
Lock-in Covid-19 best practice
-
-12
-
120
33
-72%
Travel (net) Paper use reductions Ov era l l To t a l
4
2
-50%
214
86
-60%
If these estimates prove to be correct, a 50% improvement target relative to the 2019 net footprint should be achievable. Additionally, the immediate adoption of a net zero footprint policy (through increased offsetting) is affordable. These projections are based on our 2019 footprint values at the 2019 staff levels. To accommodate our aspirations for Practice growth we have previously expressed our overall footprint target in terms of Net Footprint per FTE. For a 50% reduction in Net Footprint per FTE the target schedule will be as shown in the graphic below.
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