2021 Research & Innovation Week- Faculty Research Conference Booklet- Prairie View A&M University by PVAMU Research&Innovation

FACULTY RESEARCH CONFERENCE 2021 RESEARCH & NNOVAT ON WEEK BOOKLET

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2021 Research & Innovation Week

Faculty Research Conference 9:00 AM 10:00 AM SPEAKER Dr. Richard Griffin, Professor

#PVAMUResearch #PVAMUR&Iweek

Dr. Sunil Dhoubhadel

TITLE Saharan Dust as a Source of Iron for Redoximorphic Features in Sandy Soils on the Texas Gulf Coast Prairie: Potential Bioenvironmental and Biomedical Implications Precision Agriculture Technologies and Farm Profitability

Dr. Quincy Moore

The Prairie View A & M Soil Microbiome Project: Uncovering the Secrets Beneath

Dr. Orion Ciftja

How Real are Pauli Crystals?

2021 Research & Innovation Week Saharan Dust as a Source of Iron for Redoximorphic Features in Sandy Soils on the Texas Gulf Coast Prairie: Potential Bioenvironmental and Biomedical Implications

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Name: Richard W. Griffin, PhD, PG Department: Agriculture, Nutrition, and Human Ecology College: Agriculture and Human Sciences Areas of Expertise: (Soils and Environmental Quality)

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Introduction: Dust from distant sources is believed to be responsible for a large portion of the soils in arid and humid areas. Atmospheric scientists research dust, because it contributes to the Ea h radiative balance and impacts human health (Husar, 2004). Statement of Problem: The general objective of the Red Saharan Dust research studies was to identify redoximorphic features in sandy soils of the Texas Gulf Coast Prairie and to determine whether dust accumulation could be determined to be a source of iron in these naturally tan or b ff colored soils.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Site Labels and Abbreviations. Control

Encased

Encased and Replaced

Replaced

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Dominant Soil Color by Treatment Percentage. Left to Right: Upper: Control, Encased

Lower: Encased and Replaced, Replaced

Conclusions and Significance Redoximorphic features were identified which were not present in the 2007 study by C. Pratt; the dominant redox color being yellowish brown (7.5YR). More studies need to be done on monitoring settled dust for redoximorphic features. Additional work with microbes at the site will expand the bioenvironmental and biomedical implications of Saharan and Sahelian red dust. Potential areas of focus include: (Bacterial, Fungal, Viral, Pesticide, and Aerosol Vectors) Upper Respiratory Illnesses (Sinusitis, Bronchitis) Aggravated Asthma Allergies

Acknowledgement Reference: Husar, R.B. 2004. Intercontinental Transport of Dust: Historical and Recent Observational Evidence.

Names of collaborators: A. Bryant and C. Pratt, former M.S. Graduate

Research Assistant; C. Pratt; W. Anthony, Research Specialist (retired); Dr. S. Woldesenbet, Research Specialist, CARC Core Lab; Dr. G. Newton, Research Scientist, IGRC; Student Researchers of CARC Lab 173.

Grants that supported the research/scholarly activity USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Precision Agriculture Technologies and Farm Profitability Name: Sunil P. Dhoubhadel Department: Agriculture, Nutrition, and Human Ecology College: Agriculture and Human Sciences

Areas of Expertise: Agricultural Economics, Food and Agricultural Industrial Organization, Agricultural Policy

2021 Research & Innovation Week How Profitable are Precision Agriculture Technologies for the Farmers?

The question is relevant with the growing adoption of PA.

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Percent of Farms

100

[Insert Figures, Graphs, Tables, Images]

0 1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Automated Guidance

Automated Section Control

Yield Monitor

Light bar

Precision Soil Sampling

Yield Monitor with GPS

2013

2015

Variable Rate Fertilizer Variable Rate Seed

2021 Research & Innovation Week How Profitable are Precision Agriculture Technologies for the Farmers? The current literature has two common features: Partial budgeting is the most common analytical framework . The site-specific experimental method is the most common method of data collection.

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Most of the current literature fail to capture the whole farm impact of PA technologies. This Research examines the whole-farm level impact of PA by analyzing changes on net farm returns due to PA. Uses a comprehensive data panel that includes farm-level data from 1980 to 2014, covering 483 farms in Kansas.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results The difference-in-difference (DID) model 𝑌

ATE = (𝑌 The term (𝑌

𝑌 𝑌

The term (𝑌 𝑌 PA technologies.

𝑌

represents the change in net farm returns attributed to PA technologies. represents just the natural change in the net farm returns of farms not adopting

To account for the difference time of adoption of PA technologies, a modified version of DID called the DID with a staggered entry of the units is used. 𝑌

𝛼

𝛽𝑿

𝜆

𝛾

𝛿 𝑃𝐴

𝜖

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results The Impact on Net Returns per Acre with Alternative Combinations of PA Technologies

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results The Impact of a Particular PA Technology on Net Return per Acre

Conclusions and Significance The findings indicate that random adoption of PA technologies would not be fruitful, as the contribution of various PA technologies to the farm level profitability varies. Adoption of any combination of technologies that includes grid soil sampling is likely to contribute positively to net farm returns. In contrast, combinations with auto steer and section control are expected to reduce net farm returns, possibly due to the high investment cost of the technologies.

Conclusions and Significance The takeaway is that although PA technologies may increase operational efficiency, they do not contribute as much to farm profitability when analyzed over time. The positive contribution of a majority of PA technologies to farm profitability is not yet established. PA technologies may increase some operational efficiency, but farmers should not adopt PA assuming that it will improve farm profitability.

2021 Research & Innovation Week The Prairie View A & M Soil Microbiome Project: Uncovering the Secrets Beneath Name: Quincy C Moore, Ph.D. #PVAMUResearch #PVAMUR&Iweek

Department: Biology College: Brailsford Arts and Sciences Areas of Expertise: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Bacteriology, Bacterial Ocular Pathogenesis and Novel Treatments

2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: Soil is an exceedingly diverse and dynamic media, with a plethora of organic components capable of sustaining numerous microorganisms; there is a high probability of encountering a diverse set of microorganisms, some of which can even display innovative antimicrobial properties.

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Statement of Problem: The PVAMU Microbiome Project will survey various sites of the PVAMU Campus to identify and catalog the microorganisms present within the soil. The data gathered will be utilized to create a comprehensive microbiome map targeting areas with the higher potential to yield microorganisms with antimicrobial properties.

Figure 1. Microbiome Map.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results

Figure 2. Microbial growth of campus soil samples on Nutrient Agar.

Soil samples at a depth of 3 in. collected at various sites of the PVAMU Campus Growth of bacterial cultures on nutrient agar plates. Morphological analysis revealed a majority of gram positive bacillus bacteria. However gram negative coccus, gram positive rhizoid, and gram positive filamentous microorganisms were also observed in less abundance

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results

Table 1. DNA Analysis Concentrations (Nanodrop) Sample average N=7 Sample Range

ng/µl 26.7

A260/A280 1.42

A260/A230 1.13

0.5 – 100.8

0.71 – 1.86

0.49 – 2.10

DNA analyses and gel electrophoresis verified the presence of DNA in the samples. Further analysis requires the use of DNA sequencing to determine the identity of the microorganisms present in the soil samples and their characteristics.

Conclusions and Significance Many of the antibiotics we use today are derived from microorganisms found in soil such as penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline Further sample collection and analysis are needed for a more extensive catalog of the PVAMU microbiome. DNA Sequencing and macromolecule analysis are planned to analyze the characteristics of the microorganisms Determine the correlation between microbial presence and harvest yield in the various garden plots.

Acknowledgement Jazmin Villegas, Wesley Wilson IV, Camryn Davis, Princess Pinamang, Ines Frazier, Richard Griffin, Ph.D. Student support from the Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) 2017. This work was supported in part by the Summer Mini Grant from Prairie View A & M University Office of Research and Graduate Studies 2017 Summer Mini Grant. LSAMP student support (2018-2020). Supported in part with funding from the 2021 Faculty Enhancement Program.

2021 Research & Innovation Week

How real are Pauli Crystals?

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Name: ORION CIFTJA Department: PHYSICS College: ARTS AND SCIENCES Areas of Expertise:

MATERIALS SCIENCE, ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

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2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: 2D System of NonInteracting Fermions 2D Harmonic Oscillator Confining Trap Spinless (Spin-Polarized) ChargeNeutral Atoms

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Can quantum correlations lead to a (Pauli) Crystals? Theory and Model

Results, Discussions and Conclusions

Research/Scholarly Methods & Model Statistical Potential [Uhlenbeck PR (1932), 41, 79] Temperature, kBT (milliKelvin) Oscillator Energy,

(milliKelvin)

Parameter alpha=kBT/(Ћω)=1.0 Lambda=Mean thermal wave length ~de Broglie wave length If lambda ~1/Sqrt[kBT] is (much) smaller than average particle separation, the system is classical

(high T)

Single-shot Imaging Experiments of Free Fermions in a Harmonic trap – The structure of the most probable configuration is obtained. Ref: Gajda et al EPL (2016) 115 20012; Rakshit et al. Sci. Rep. (2017), 7, 15004

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Crystal structure changes from (1,4,10) [red,green] to (5,10)[blue] (left Fig)

Pauli crystal structure is: (1,5,9)!! (right Fig (d)) Wigner solid for N=15 is (5,10) not (1,5,9) ; Wigner solid for N=10 is (2,8) not (3,7)

Monte Carlo Annealing Simulation Results with N=30 fermions for alpha=1.0 (red) The crystal structure that we observe is (4,10,16) Pauli crystal structure is: (5,10,15)!! Wigner solid is: (5,10,15)!!

Reference: O. Ciftja and J. Batle, Statistical Interaction Description of Pauli Crystals in 2D Systems of Harmonically Confined Fermions, Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 531, 1900075 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201900075

Conclusions and Significance I i NOT clea he he Pa li c alli e c e d eall e i i a a e he he he a e a ifac f he e h d ed a al e he [excerpt from the Abstract of my paper in Annalen der Physik (Berlin)] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/andp.201900075 The crystalline structures that we observe are NOT Wigner crystals but that does NOT mean that they are always consistent with Pauli crystals! Treatment based on the statistical interaction potential has its limitations (it is semi-classical), thus, cannot capture quantum correlations beyond the pair level (when quantum correlations are many-body) Do Pauli crystals exist (or NOT) In my opinion NO (and theory says NO) but might be something interesting on the idea

Acknowledgement

Work done in collaboration with Dr. Josep Batle, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Majorca, Spain (Simulations). Supported by NSF grant no. DMR-1705084.

2021 Research & Innovation Week

Faculty Research Conference 10:05 AM 11:00 AM

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SPEAKER

TITLE

Dr. Megumi Hada

Biomarker for Space Radiation Risk: Chromosomal Damages in Human Cells

Dr. Gururaj Neelgund

Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapy of Cancer

Dr. Harshica Fernando

Development of Lateral Flow Assays Based on Novel Nanoparticles

Dr. Sameh Abdelwahed

Thiamin a Ca ie f D P d c Figh COVID

g Deli e

An i Vi al Plan

2021 Research & Innovation Week

Biomarker for Space Radiation Risk: Chromosomal Damages in Human Cells

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Name: Megumi Hada, Ph.D. Department: CRI-Radiation Institute for Science & Engineering College: Collage of Art and Science Areas of Expertise: Space Radiation, DNA damages, Chromosome aberrations

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2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Introduction: Estimating space radiation risks carries large uncertainties that preclude setting exposure limits and evaluating many mitigation measures. NASA needs to close the knowledge gap on a broad-range of biological questions before radiation protection goals can be met for exploration. Chromosome aberration is a good biomarker for space radiation effects. Statement of Problem: There is no knowledge about effect of GCR exposure on human body. Limited knowledge about whether the combined effects of µG and exposure to cosmic radiation are interactive.

Research Methods & Results Combined Effects of Microgravity and Space Radiation Chromosome Aberrations

Expression profile of Cell Cycle-Related Genes

Total exchanges 100

C-ion µG

C-ion 1G

Exchanges / 100 cells

80 70 60 50

X-rays µG

40 30 20

X-rays µG

10 0 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Dose (Gy)

0.8

1.2

Research Methods & Results Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR)-Simulated Mixed-Beam Exposure Multi-scale Biophysics Model

Geant4 Simulated fluence spectra 950MeV/n Fe-ions

Conclusions and Significance 1. Biomarker-Chromosome Aberrations Chromosomal aberrations are a useful biomarker for cancer risks and for comparisons with other biomarkers in the absence of human data for galactic cosmic ray effect.

2. What you see in Astronauts’ blood Long duration of space mission will increase cancer risk of astronaut. Sensitivity of individual is large.

3. Low Dose, Non-Targeted Effects NTE contribution in the formation of CA at low particle fluence is important. Contradicts the linear dose response assumption used in radiation protection at low doses.

4. GCR simulation, Mixed beam 2 beam mix exposure showed more than additive effects on frequency of CA compare to single beam exposure. Order of exposure, ratio of exposure and intervals affect CA frequency. 4 beams or 6 beam mix exposure showed less than additive effects on frequency of CA compare to single beam exposure. The multi-scale model described here is a major milestone toward developing computational tools to predict biological outcomes in a complex ion field environment. -> Useful tool for ground based GCR simulator and risk projection

5. Microgravity & Radiation Simultaneous exposure of human cultured cells to simulated μG and cosmic radiation results in greater frequency of CA than in cells exposed to radiation alone. Cancer risk assessment for space radiation based on the dose response data from cells irradiated under the static condition might underestimate the potential risk for astronauts as our findings show significantly increased CA frequency.

Collaborators

Acknowledgement

CRI-RaISE/Prairie View A&M Univ [Premkumar Saganti, Ph.D., Jordan Rhone] NASA/Johnson Space Center-KBR [Ianik Plante, Ph.D., Zarana Patel, Ph.D.] NASA/Langley Research Center [Tony Slaba, Ph.D.] NASA/Kennedy Space Center [Ye Zhang, Ph.D.] University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center [Jun-ichi Abe, MD., Ph.D., Keigi Fujiwara, Ph.D.] Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Eleanor Blakely, Ph.D., Jian-Hua Mao, Ph.D.] SRI International [Polly Chang, Ph.D. ] University of California, Berkeley [R.K. Sachs, Ph.D] University of Nevada Las Vegas [Francis A. Cucinotta, Ph.D.] Brookhaven National Laboratory [Adam Rusek, Ph.D., Michel Sivertz, Ph.D., Peter Guida, Ph.D.] HIMAC/NIRS (Japan) [Ryoichi Hirayama, Ph.D.., Yoshiya Furusawa, Ph.D.] Gunma University (Japan) [Akihisa Takahashi, Ph.D., Yukari Yoshida, Ph.D., Sakuya Yamanouchi] Ibaraki University (Japan) [Asako Nakamura, Ph.D.] Kindai University (Japan) [Hiroko Ikeda, Ph.D.] National Technical University of Athens (Greece) [Alexandros Georgakilas, Ph.D.] University of Zurich (Switzerland) [Cora Thiel, Ph.D.] Osaka City University (Japan) [Takashi Morita, Ph.D., Kayo Yoshida, Ph.D.]

Grants that supported the research activity TAMU Chancellor’s Research Initiative (CRI)/RaISE at PVAMU, NASA Space Biology Program (80NSSC19K0133), NASA Space Radiobiology (NNX16AR97G), NASA Human Research (80JSC017N0001), NASA Space Radiation Program Element (NAS9-02078), DoE Low Dose Program (DE-AI02-10ER64969)

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Nanomaterials for photothermal therapy of cancer Gururaj M Neelgund and Aderemi oki Department of Chemistry Brailsford College of Arts and Sciences Areas of Expertise: Nanomaterials, photothermal therapy, Photocatalysis

Photothermal therapy Cancer is a current major cause for morbidity and mortality in humans. To treat cancer classical therapeutic modalities are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. These are associated with drawbacks like limited efficacy, poor specificity, harming of normal cells and tissues, and insufficient dosage to diseased regions. Therefore, advanced therapies having high efficiency and precision are critically needed to treat the cancer in a effective way. Talented alternative for replacement of current therapies for cancer is photothermal therapy (PTT).

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PTT is an innovative therapeutic approach in treatment of cancer, which works different form classical modalities. In PTT cancer cells are selectively ablated through hyperthermia or heat generated by photothermal agents under exposure to weak near-infrared (NIR) radiations. PTT has excellence in dispelling of cancer cells with temporal selectivity and spatial precision manner without harming to normal tissues.

Photothermal therapy Compared to conventional therapies, PTT has essential benefits, viz., minimal invasiveness, minor trauma, low toxicity, high targeting, and good applicability. PTT is repeatable and palliative therapy and it improve curative effect with the operation, eradication of occult cancer, protect the appearance and function of vital organs

Photothermal effect Basic principle of PTT is, upon NIR light irradiation, photothermal agent introduced to cancer cells activated to its excited state and convert incident photons into heat, by which cancer cells are ablated.

The advantage of using NIR radiations in PTT is its deep penetration into body tissues and low absorption by water and hemoglobin in addition to its low scattering rate. The survival temperature level of cancer cells is lower than 50 °C, so photothermal agent, executed in PTT

should able to produce temperature beyond 50 °C. Therefore, success of PTT relies exclusively on photothermal agent executed in therapy, so our team involved in design and synthesis of novel photothermal agents those can produce promising results in PTT.

Novel photothermal therapy agents

A multimodal photothermal agent, NGO-FA-CuS was designed by covalent conjugation of folic acid (FA) to nanogrpahene oxide (NGO) and successive deposition of CuS nanoflowers.

A promising photothermal agent, GRZnO-CoPc was designed by deposition of rice grain shaped ZnO particles over GR nanosheets and successive sensitization with CoPc.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

SEM images of (a): Graphene oxide (b): Graphene-HAP (c): Graphene-PANI (d): Graphene-ZnO

Featured on cover page of journals

Journal of Materials Chemistry B 9 (2021) 17921803.

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 57 (2018) 7826-7833.

Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2 (2018) 64-75.

Acknowledgments

PVAMU Fac l

Enhancemen P g am

2021 Research & Innovation Week

Development of Lateral Flow Assays based on Novel Nanoparticles

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Name: Harshica Fernando Department: Chemistry College: College of Arts and Sciences Areas of Expertise: Toxicology, lipids, Computational chemistry

2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: Lateral flow assay (LFA) is a low cost, simple, rapid and portable detection device popular in many fields. LFAs are used in point of care testing in biomedicine, agriculture, food and environmental science fields.

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Figure 1: Layout of a lateral flow test

Figure 2. LFA home pregnancy test

Statement of Problem: The sensitivity and the reliability of the LFA test depends on many factors. The reporter particles (labelled with an antibody of interest or nucleic acid) selected should have properties such as brightness and the correct size that will lead to generate the best possible signal intensity.

Research/Scholarly Methods Selection of a suitable metal for the synthesis Establish the procedure Selection of appropriate starting materials Synthesis and characterization Test applicability

Setup experiments to prepare nanoparticles Harvest the precipitates, wash and store Characterization using UV/Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, DLS and CV experiments Luminol excitation experiments Optimization of fluorescence experiment using fluorescence particles and fluorophores Experiments with nanoparticles and fluorescence particles and fluorophores

Research/Scholarly Results 0.8 0.6 Abs 0.4 0.2 0 200

300

400 500 Wavelength [nm]

Figure 4: Intensity of Fluorophores 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (blue), rhodamine B (orange), and rubrene (yellow) at different exposure times-1, 2, 4 and 8 seconds in duplicates.

600

Area

115

110

105

1621.90

70 350 0

300 0

250 0

200 0

W av enu mber s ( cm- 1)

150 0

1112.92

1238.07

Figure 3. UV-Vis, FTIR and SEM of Pt particles obtained using different instrumentation.

Min

Max

Well 1 (control)

18624

84.56

113

Well 2 (GTPt)

18624

88.677

120

Well 3 (CWPt)

18624

94.204

129

1161.77

1537.34

400 0

1454.48

1744.57

2852.61

2922.62

100

Mean

100 0

Figure 9: Blue fluorescent particles with and without Pt.

Intensity at 8s exposure

Conclusions and Significance

Preliminary results show that Pt-based particles enhanced the signal of fluorescence particles. Luminol experiment- excitation observed using Pt particles. LFA results show a signal.

Future Directions Continue working on the project to better optimize conditions to obtain particles that can be used in LFA experiments. Coordinate the fluorescence experiments to design a better sensitivity setup.

Acknowledgements Collaborators University of Houston - Dr. Richard Willson Dr. Katerina Kourentzi, Dr. Binh Vu, Kristen Brosamer, Max Smith and Atul Goyal

PVAMU- Students: Shantavia Bettis, and Shandrell Boykin Department of Chemistry - Dr. Aderemi Oki, Mr. Tony Grady, Ms. Isha Gautam BTI Institute – Dr. Maura Pereira-Leon, and Dr. Kurt Burns DHS- Dr. Beth White and Ms. Cedrika Harris

Grants that supported the research/scholarly activity DHS Summer research team program for minority students (Summer 2020 Funding for PI and two undergraduate students) Follow on funding (January 2021-Dec 2021)

2021 Research & Innovation Week Thiamin as Carrier for Drug Delivery & New research aims to use antiviral plant products to fight COVID-19

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Name: Sameh Abdelwahed Department: Chemistry College: Art & Science Areas of Expertise: (Biochemistry, Medicinal Chemistry & Organic Chemistry)

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2021 Research & Innovation Week

Introduction: will discuss our investigations into two key areas: (i) Thiamin Biosynthesis & Thiamin as Carrier for Drug Delivery of Active Metabolites, and (ii) Design and Synthesis of Antiviral Plant Product to Treat COVID-19; (i) In antibiotic and anticancer therapy, development of resistance and lack of selectivity to target the active site render the drug molecules, with a unique mechanism of action, unsuccessful. Essential micronutrients provide a novel drug delivery system to overcome the current drug regimen problems. Bacterial or cancer cells need micronutrients such as vitamins for their continued growth. Thiamin is an essential micronutrient that is highly desired by these cells to proliferate. Since bacterial or cancer cells cannot prepare thiamin within cells, they must acquire it from the outside source, consequently overexpressing the transporters to uptake thiamin. We suggest conjugating active drug metabolites (antibacterial and anticancer) to thiamin. We have developed a viable method to tether the drug molecule to thiamin via carbamate or amide linkage. The conjugates will act as a bait to trick the bacterial or cancer cells into uptake active metabolites via specific thiamin transporters. Once inside the cell, the cargo molecule will be separated by the esterases or intracellular reduction within the cell to perform its function

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2021 Research & Innovation Week

Statement of Problem: This proposal advances the use of the essential micronutrient, thiamin, as a transporter for drug delivery of active metabolites to the specific target site. By exploiting thiamin's need by the target cells and overexpression of thiamin receptors, we anticipate developing thiamin conjugates, which will have increased uptake and inhibitory effect on the target cells. These studies provide a unique delivery strategy to specifically and actively transport the drug molecules to their active site within the target cell. (ii) Antiviral herbal medicines have been used in many historical epidemics, and their analogs have been employed as the first line of defense against viral diseases. In 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The virus betacoronavirus was related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) known as SARS-CoV2. Studies have revealed that ginger extracts have antirhinoviral activity in vitro, and our preliminary results based on computational docking experiments showed that 6-Gingerol of ginger plant possesses good interaction energy with ACE2 receptor protein active site. Also, a new synthetic methodology for more efficient and sustainable preparation of 6-Gingerol will be achieved.

Design of the synthetic of F-Thiamin to test it as a PET imaging agent for tumor detection

Thiamin as Carrier for Drug Delivery for active metabolites N H2

N H2 N

ACN / Py

O N

NH 2 N

ACN 2hr/ 120o C

Br HBr

H 2N N N

S O

H 2N

H 2N PO 3 H 2

Water/ TEA

O HN

N N

N O

O N O

PO 3 H 2

Development of Anti-viral Plant Products to Treat COVID-19 and Future Pandemics

Compound 6-Gingerol (Zingiber officinale) in the active site of ACE2 receptor protein. Synthesis of 6-Gingerol starting from vanillin Me O HO

O H

Me O

Base

Me O HO

Me O Reduction

Me O

6-Gingerol

Hydrolysis

Witting Reaction O

Conclusions and Significance

Anticancer evaluation of conjugates:

The synthesized thiamin conjugates will be evaluated for their anti-proliferative potential on several over-expressed thiamin receptor cancer cell lines via MTT/MTS assay. Specificity of the conjugates will also be tested by their effect on normal cell lines. Positive and negative controls will be assigned to compare the activity of the free drug and thiamin conjugated drug. Furthermore, the uptake of conjugates and hallmark of apoptosis will be assessed via fluorescent microscopy and live cell imaging through double staining of cancer/normal cells with AO/PI double staining method. The anticancer evaluation of the conjugates will be carried out in collaboration with Prof. Premkumar Saganti at PVAMU

Acknowledgement Prof. Tadhg P. Begley Dr. Grace Abolaji Dr. Peter Ampim Dr. Junaid,Ahmad Mr. Julian Dubois Ms. Jewel Jackson Ms. Daija Bullock-marable

2021 Research & Innovation Week

2021 Research & Innovation Week Exploring critical cultural communication and performance: A critical interpretive approach to research

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Name: Elizabeth Y. Whittington, Ph.D. Department: Languages and Communication College: Brailsford College of Arts & Sciences Areas of Expertise: Black Feminism, Critical Cultural Communication, and Performance

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2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: A brief description of my research agenda for the next year.

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Key Concepts: Identity negotiation, Identity Politics, Pedagogy, and Black Feminist Thought

Research/Scholarly Publications in progress B i fa ily A Q ee Autoethnography on finding my place and making my own space in the LGBTQ Community. QED: A Journal in GLTBQ Worldmaking. (date August 2021)

H did kid ge he e Q ee Black M e l ai mothering through autoethnography

A f

Research/Scholarly Publication in progress Exploring the identity politics Earthside: Reclaiming Birth Stories and the performance of for Renewal and Transformation belonging while teaching Intercultural Communication in a Transnational Society

Conclusion Some are in the process of being published Some in the beginning stages of writing but the abstracts have been accepted to publications in books Summer grant to create for a performance, IRB submissions, gathering data, and publication

Acknowledgement Co-Author for Intercultural Chapter, Dr. Gina Castle Bell Mellon foundation summer grant

2021 Research & Innovation Week

Faculty Research Conference 11:05 AM 12:00 PM

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SPEAKER

TITLE

Dr. Riya Das

Nineteenth Century Modes of Gender: Female En i nmen in Th ma Ha d Wessex

Dr. Emmanuel Appiah

H b id D namic M deling f Time

Dr. Will Guzman

Raymond A. Brown: Black Power Attorney

Dr. Coiette Gaston

Cultural Relevance of United States History Textbooks to Black American, Hispanic American, and Asian American Community College Students Office of Legal Counsel from FDR to Trump

Dr. Billy Monroe

e en P

ce e

2021 Research & Innovation Week Nineteenth Century Modes of Gender: Female Environments in Thomas Hardy’s Wessex

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Name: Dr. Riya Das Department: Languages and Communication College: Brailsford College of Arts & Sciences Areas of Expertise: 19th century British Literature, Gender, Narrative Form

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2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Introduction: Wessex, Thomas Hardy’s imaginary pastoral haven London exists beyond this pastoral landscape; female protagonists survive in Wessex, not London

Mapping Sophy’s Life in “The Son’s Veto,” and Social Acceptance in “For Conscience’ Sake” I a e e k i N h We e f ile f London, near the thriving county-town of Aldbrickham, there stood a pretty village with its church and parsonage, which [Sophy] knew well enough, but her son had never seen. It was her native village, Gaymead

Mrs. Leonora Frankland and Miss Frances Frankland The social lift that the two women had derived from the alliance was considerable

Mapping Female Environments in Wessex

Research/Scholarly Methods, Conclusions & Significance Why do women thrive in the a al e i e f Ha d Wessex, divorced from the progressive industrial cityscape of London? a defeated retreat? a powerful choice?

Modes of gendered spaces in the nineteenth-century context Fin-de-siècle feminist movements in London (The New Woman) Social structures/networks: Classbased limitations of female progress N a ced de a di g f e health and safety.

Acknowledgements Thank you to the PVAMU Mellon Center for the Spring 2021 Faculty Support Award, which facilitated my work on this project. Thank you to the Nineteenth Century Studies Association (NCSA) for the opportunity to present a portion of this project at its 2021 annual conference. Thank you to the PVAMU Research & Innovation Week 2021, for the opportunity to showcase my research.

2021 Research & Innovation Week

Hybrid Dynamic Modeling of Time-to-event Processes

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Name: Emmanuel Appiah, PhD Department: Mathematics College: Arts & Sciences Areas of Expertise: (Differential Equations; Mathematical Statistics; Integrable Systems)

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2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: The study of survival analysis rests on the concept of time-toevent. The mathematical statistics development of time-to-event analysis is based on the probabilistic approach and the concept of hazard rate. Moreover, the time-to-event is described by the closed form expressions of survival function that is determined by the concept of hazard rate

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Statement of Problem: Develop new mathematical models and computational tools for time-to-event dynamic processes in biological, engineering, epidemiological, financial, medical, military and social sciences. As a result, my research contributions are often situated(or placed) at the intersection of mathematics, statistics and computer science.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results

Conclusions and Significance The developed innovative approach initiates a new area: “Survival State Population Dynamic Models” in all disciplines The alternative approach does not require a closed-from survival function distribution The developed algorithms are independent of survival functions or data sets Current and Future work Incorporating time dependent covariates (external and internal) in the developed models Recurrent Events Competing Risks

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Mathematical Sciences Division, U.S. Army Research Office, Grant No: W911 NF-15-0182

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Raymond A. Brown: Black Power Attorney Will Guzmán, professor of History Division of Social Work, Behavioral & Political Sciences Marvin D. & June Samuel Brailsford College of Arts & Sciences Areas: African American, Afro-Latinx, and Caribbean Histories

2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: Raymond A. Brown (1915-2009) a prominent civil rights activist and attorney

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Statement of Problem: Despite his public reputation, no scholarly biography assessing Brown’s life exist. This research hopes to expose his full life, beyond the well-known clients, and how his profession was a vehicle to express his commitment and loyalty to the nation and US Constitution.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Oral and written testimony. Eyewitness accounts of events. University archives, Special collections, local historical cie ie c llec i a d privately owned collections

Use of public records, legal documents, minutes of meetings, various newspapers, letters, artifacts, posters, billboards, photographs, and courtroom drawings.

Conclusions and Significance Chap. 4: Cuban, Irish & Italian Mobsters

Chap. 1: Humble Origins Chap. 2: NAACP and the Civil Rights Movement

Chap. 3: The Hurricanes: Angela, Assata & Amiri

Chap. 5: D X Ma i E Jascalevich) & Myron A. Farber Chap. 6: Inner City Politics: Kenneth Gibson & Sharpe James

Acknowledgements

Thank you! Marvin D. & June Samuel Brailsford College of Arts & Sciences 2020-2021 Faculty Enhancement Program (FEP) Award PVAMU’s Mellon Foundation "Moving Toward a Sustainable & Replicable HBCU Model" Summer 2021 Faculty Development Grant #190606895 2021-2022 National Humanities Center Mellon-HBCU Residential Fellowship, Research Triangle Park, NC

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Cultural Relevance of United States History Textbooks to Black American, Hispanic American, and Asian American Community College Students Name: Coiette Gaston, Ed.D. Department: Division of Social Work, Behavioral and Political Sciences College: Marvin D. and June Samuel Brailsford College of Arts and Sciences Areas of Expertise: Cultural relevance pedagogy

2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: Are U.S. History textbooks culturally relevant to Black, Hispanic, and Asian community college students as defined by Ladson-Billings’ ( ) theory of culturally relevant pedagogy? Statement of Problem: This study explored whether Black, Hispanic, and Asian community college students perceive the representation of Black, Hispanic, and Asian historical presence in U.S. History textbooks to be culturally relevant. Asian representation

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Hispanic representation Hispanic student perspectives student interviews concerning attention to Hispanic socio-ecopolitical experience in the United States

Black representation Black student perspectives student interviews concerning attention to Black socio-eco-political experience in the United States

Asian student perspectives student interviews concerning attention to Asian socio-eco-political experience in the United States

U.S. History Textbooks

Cultural Relevance Ladson-Billings (1994) culturally relevant pedagogy Eurocentric narratives in U.S. History textbooks

Social Justice implications intellectual, social, political empowerment of Black, Hispanic, and Asian students

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Ladson-Billings (1994) defined culturally relevant pedagogy as; “a pedagogy that empowers students intellectually, socially, emotionally, and politically by using cultural referents to impart knowledge, skills, and attitudes” (pp. -18).

Culturally relevant pedagogy relies on three criteria: students’ academic success, cultural competence, and critical consciousness.

Banks’ ( ) transformation approach compels curriculum revision in order to facilitate the inclusion of previously marginalized perspectives so that students can view concepts through multiple lenses.

There has been a push for more inclusivity of marginalized groups in U.S. History textbooks in the post- Civil Rights era (Garcia & Madden, 2012). Special interest groups worry about the bias that students may have based on incorrect or incomplete information. The problem concerns how the historical presence of Black, Hispanic, and Asian people are represented (Franquiz & Salinas, 2011). Deviating from the Eurocentricity of textbooks is met with resistance (Saathoff, 2017). Textbooks’ information is influenced by social, political, and economic factors (Kearl, 2012).

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Eurocentrism All relevant education is the product of European influence (Duncan, 2012). Textbooks integrated marginalized groups into the dominant Eurocentric narrative without providing context for the perspectives of these communities (Duncan, 2012; Kearl, 2012). Perspectives of U.S. History textbooks The most vocal conservative and liberal special interest groups place significant pressure on publishing companies in determining how history is presented in textbooks (Matusevich, 2006). There are financial incentives for publishers to err on the side of censoring textbook information (Matusevich, 2006). In addition to the lack of diversity amongst reviewers, there is a tendency to assume that White children will be the primary readers of the book, further impeding the need for a more critical assessment of what message the book is sending to young readers (Thomas, Reese, and Horning 2016).

Black Representation in U.S. History textbooks The inclusion of content on Black American history is superficial at best (Anderson & Metzger 2011). Increased numerical references to Black and other people of color do not offer in depth critique of social justice issues (Anderson & Metzger 2011). Stand alone references to Black American history reflect a separation of Black American history from the mainstream narrative (Sotiropoulos, 2017). Movies are an avenue to bring Black history left out of textbooks (Beck, 2017). Black student perception of U.S. History textbooks Textbook information is necessary for graduation, the textbooks are inaccurate and over simplistic (Woodson, 2015). Racial socialization (critical or colorblind) effects how Black students view attention to Black history in textbooks (Woodson, 2015).

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Hispanic Representation in U.S. History textbooks Textbooks focus on Hispanics as agricultural and working-class people (Rodriguez & Ruiz, 2000). Emphasis on Latin America rather than Hispanic people (Cruz, 1994). Hispanic are portrayed as lazy, over sexual, violent etc. described using animalistic language (Cruz, 1994).

Hispanic student perception of U.S. History textbooks Racial injustice is an issue between White and Black Americans (Curwen, 2011). Students and teachers often expressed anti-Hispanic views (Bondy, 2014). Hispanics are not true Americans (Bondy, 2014).

Asian Representation in U.S. History textbooks Asian Pacific American history is romanticized due to socioeconomic strides of Asian Pacific Americans (Schlund-Vials, 2011). Injustices are overlooked or ignored (Schlund-Vials, 2011). Asian Pacific Americans are forgotten minority, model minority, forever foreigner (Takeda, 2015). Used to chastise or undermine Black and Hispanic struggles in the United States (Takeda, 2016). Asian students' perception of U.S. History textbooks U.S. History is the history of White Americans (An, 2012). Asian history is supplemented at home rather than school (An, 2012) Asian students in predominately White schools rarely interact with Black or Hispanic students that would challenge the credibility of textbooks (An, 2012).

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Qualitative- Phenomenological (Creswell and Poth, 2018). Lived experiences of participants. Allowed students to articulate their own perspectives and experiences with representation. Quota sampling -sampling intended to gather data from participants who met characteristics determined by researcher prior to the study (Qualitative Sampling Methods, 2019). Snowball sampling - recruitment technique in which study participants were asked to suggest to the researcher other potential study participants (National Science Foundation, 2020). Coded responses based on participant ability to: Feel empowered intellectually, socially, and politically.

RQ 1 How does the U.S. History textbook depiction of the historical presence of Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations intellectually empower Black, Hispanic, and Asian students? RQ 2 How does the U.S. History textbook depiction of the historical presence of Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations socially empower Black, Hispanic, and Asian students? RQ 3 How does the U.S. History textbook depiction of the historical presence of Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations politically empower Black, Hispanic, and Asian students? RQ 4 What recommendations could this study population make for textbook and curricular improvement?

Conclusions and Significance RQ 1: Black, Hispanic, and Asian students are not intellectually empowered by the information provided in their U.S. History textbooks. U.S. History textbooks are composed from a Eurocentric perspective in order to uphold pro-American values and focus mainly on the contributions of White, Western society (Duncan 2012; Noboa, 2012). U.S. History textbooks tend to overlook the contributions of non-White populations to United States, and when U.S. History textbooks do acknowledge non-White populations, it is surface level acknowledgement (Ford, 2018; Saathoff 2017). Students were unhappy with the lack of ethnic representation in U.S. History textbooks (Bondy 2014; Woodson, 2015).

RQ 2: Black, Hispanic, and Asian students are not socially empowered by the information provided in their U.S. History textbooks. Though U.S. History textbooks began to be more inclusive of non-White groups, the Eurocentric perspective was still dominant which did not leave adequate space to explore the perspectives of marginalized communities (Duncan 2012; Kearl, 2012). Black, Hispanic, and Asian students lack a cultural connection to the material in their U.S. History textbooks (Curwen, 2011; Woodson, 2015; An, 2012).

Conclusions and Significance RQ 3: Black, Hispanic, and Asian students are not politically empowered by the information provided in their U.S. History textbooks. Ladson-Billings’ ( ) theory cultural relevance pedagogy calls for students to be able to identify and critique the societal norms that produce and perpetuate social inequities. To educate and be educated, it is necessary to use one’s cultural and social background to formulate a political stance (Journell & Castro, 2011). RQ 4: Black, Hispanic, and Asian community college students would recommend that U.S. History textbooks be more inclusive of diverse contributors. U.S. History textbooks have not effectively ingratiated non-White populations into the American historical narrative, which perpetuates a feeling of “otherness” that students carry with them postgraduation (Ford, 2018; Saathoff, 2017). Reviewers are generally White and middle class and there is a tendency to assume that White children will be the primary readers of the book (Thomas, Reese, & Horning 2016). Educational institutions facing unstable budgets often consider ethnic studies an unprofitable investment (Schlund-Vials, 2011).

Conclusions and Significance This study is important because there are few studies that have assessed the long-term impact of mainstream U.S. History on the growing population of Black, Hispanic, and Asian college students.

This study will contribute to the existing research base by providing insight into how Black, Hispanic, and Asian students are influenced by the content within the U.S. History textbooks. This study fits into the existing research by continuing the examination of how the experiences of Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations have been marginalized within the American educational system and Black, Hispanic, and Asian students’ perception of social and political injustice in the United States.

Acknowledgement

2021 Research & Innovation Week

Office of Legal Counsel From FDR to Trump

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Name: Dr. Billy Monroe Department: Political Science (DSWBPS) College: Arts and Sciences Areas of Expertise: Law and Courts (Public Law), American Politics

2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: The Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) in the U.S. Department of Justice is a vitally important organization in the executive branch.

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Statement of Problem:

The Office of Legal Counsel is often referred to as the “President’s Law Firm” because they are the set of lawyers who give the President advice about constitutional issues and ensure that executive orders follow the law. However; it is rarely studied by scholars, media, or the public. The most obvious research question revolves around whether the advice given to the President is impartial or to simply defend the President’s position.

Importance of OLC 1. T

c D a

By delegation from the Attorney General, the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Office of Legal Counsel provides authoritative legal advice to the President and all the Executive Branch agencies. The Office drafts legal opinions of the Attorney General and also provides its own written opinions and oral advice in response to requests from the Counsel to the President, the various agencies of the Executive Branch, and offices within the Department. Such requests typically deal with legal issues of particular complexity and importance or about which two or more agencies are in disagreement. The Office also is responsible for providing legal advice to the Executive Branch on all constitutional questions and reviewing pending legislation for constitutionality. All executive orders and proclamations proposed to be issued by the President are reviewed by the Office of Legal Counsel for form and legality, as are various other matters that require the President's formal approval. In addition to serving as, in effect, outside counsel for the other agencies of the Executive Branch, the Office of Legal Counsel also plays a special role within the Department itself. It reviews all proposed orders of the A G a a a a A G a a a . It also performs a variety of special assignments referred by the Attorney General or the Deputy Attorney General. (2017)

Importance of OLC (Cont.) David Klaidman, in an article written for Newsweek, has referred to the OLC as "the most important government office you've never heard of. Among its bosses -- before they went on the Supreme Court -- were William Rehnquist and Antonin Scalia. Within the executive branch, including the Pentagon and Central Intelligence Agency, the OLC acts as a kind of mini Supreme Court. Its carefully worded opinions are regarded as binding precedent -- final say on what the president and all his agencies can and cannot legally do." (2006).

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Qualitative Archival Research Historical/Document Analysis Interviews when possible Statistical/Quantitative Analysis is limited because not all opinions are released (pending current legal action)

33 volumes of selected opinions written between 1933 and 2008. OLC Website and FOIA Electronic Readi g R ha all blicl released opinions

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results OLC Opinions provide legal basis for many U.S. governmental policies and programs Helped lead to growing importance of executive orders for Presidents

Important Policy Topics: Impeachment/Investigations of Presidential Actions Immigration Presidential War Powers (Cuban Blockade, Vietnam for examples) War on Terror (Bush 43 Torture Memos) General Executive Powers Veto, Pardons, etc.

Conclusions and Significance OLC strives to provide independent/impartial advice to President and executive branch (can only be overruled by President or Attorney General) OLC must also inevitably deal with political implications of opinions Clear Majority of Opinions support President’s position ( to percent of available opinions between 1979-2009)

2021 Research & Innovation Week

Faculty Research Conference 12:00 PM 1:00 PM

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SPEAKER

TITLE

D Tamika Bald in Cla k

De e i n and Olde C mm ni American Women

Dr. Camille Burnett

Building Capacity: From High School STEM Student to High School STEM Teacher Preliminary Report

Dr. Catherine Kisavi Atatah

Globalization 2: Revisiting Neglected Tropical Diseases Such as Polio, Dengue Fever, and in Particularly EBOLA Open Journal of Social Beyond Sense of Belonging: The Impact of Di c imina i n n C llege S den Pe i ence

Dr. Zachary Jackson

Dr. Andrea McDonald

P COVID Im ac S den and Admini

D elling Af ican

n Highe Ed ca i n Fac l a Pe ce i n

2021 Research & Innovation Week Depression & Older, Community-Dwelling, African American Women

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Name: Dr. Tamika Baldwin-Clark Department: Social Work College: Marvin D. & June Samuel Brailsford College of Arts & Sciences Areas of Expertise: African Americans, women, mental health

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Introduction: Depression among older, African American women is often understudied & poorly understood. Statement of Problem: Further research is needed to examine the factors associated with depression among this group.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Independent Variables:

Dependent Variable: Depression Ever Had Depression

Felt Depressed in the Past Year

Age

Social support Religion Caregiving Physical health

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results

Conclusions & Significance Findings indicated significant relationships between depression & age, social support, & physical health. Research social group variation mixed methods multiple roles depression in institutions Practice community-based care programs for depression, aging-in-place initiatives, & support groups Policy Affordable Care Act Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)

Acknowledgement Collaborators: Dr. Halaevalu Vakalahi (Chair), Morgan State University Dr. Cecelia Snowden, Morgan State University Dr. Sandra Austin, Morgan State University A graduate assistantship helped to support the research/scholarly activity.

2021 Research & Innovation Week

2021 Research & Innovation Week Building Capacity: From High School STEM Student to High School STEM Teacher Preliminary Report

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Name: Camille S. Burnett, Ph.D. Department: Curriculum and Instruction College: Whitlowe R. Green College of Education Areas of Expertise: mathematics education; STEM teacher preparation

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Introduction: The goal of the project is to establish the necessary infrastructure for increasing the number of certified STEM teachers from under-represented minority groups in STEM and STEM education in Texas by creating a pathway to close the loop from high school STEM student to STEM teacher in the same or similar high school from which the student graduated. Statement of Problem: Students of color thrive academically, socially, and emotionally with teachers of color (CarverThomas, 2018) Texas Education Agency data indicates that the percentage of non-white teachers is less that the percentage of non-white students.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results 10

GOAL: Establish the necessary infrastructure for increasing the number of certified minority STEM teachers in Texas by creating a pathway to close the loop from high school STEM student to STEM teacher in the same or similar high school from which the student graduated Objectives

1. Develop an evidencebased innovative strategy for recruiting teachers

2. Develop an evidencebased innovative model for preparing teachers

3. Develop an evidencebased innovative strategy for supporting teachers

Inputs

Activities § Existing partnerships with school districts § Office of Recruitment § Recruitment Committees in Academic Departments § Faculty § Existing EPP § STEM Prep Resources § Teacher Prep Resources § Office of Student Teaching and Field Experiences § Office of Student Services and Certification § Office of Academic Engagement and Student Success § Career Services § Acad Tech Personnel § Center for Teaching Excellence

Outputs

Outcomes

1.1 Collect data (need, interest, capacity to recruit)

Data (need, interest, capacity to recruit)

1.2 Strengthen partnerships with high-need LEAs

Community of practice

1.3 Develop recruitment plan

Recruitment plan

2.1 Review/Revise degree requirements

Updated degree requirements

2.2 Develop/Re-design courses

Updated courses

2.3 Create structure for student teaching program

Structure for student teaching program

2.4 Create structure for young pre-service teachers’ cohort

Structure for pre-service teachers’ cohort

2.5 Outline details for system for tracking candidates

3.1 Create structure for induction program

Figure 1. Logic Model for Building Capacity to Close the Loop.

Grow Your Own program for recruiting

Grow Your Own Program Dual Credit Programs Early College High Schools

Learning Communities Model for preparing candidates

Summer Bridge Programs

Induction Programs

Details for tracking system

Structure for induction program

Framework

Strategy for supporting candidates post-graduation

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Met with offices on campus: discussed recruiting and marketing ideas developed student support mechanisms

Virtual two-day retreat for the Community of Practice learned about each other and each other's best practices in education during the COVID-19 pandemic developed plans to recruit, prepare, and support future STEM teachers

Conclusions and Significance The ideas generated during the two-day retreat and from the internal campus meetings will contribute to establishing the necessary infrastructure for increasing the number of certified minority STEM teachers graduating from Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU) preparing our institution for a future Noyce Track 1 project.

Next Steps Complete in-progress activities Solidify plans to recruit, prepare, and support new STEM teachers Submit an NSF Noyce Track 1 Proposal in August 2021

Acknowledgement Names of collaborators Harriette Block, Ph.D. Laurette Foster, Ph.D. Beverly Sande, Ph.D.

Grants that supported the research/scholarly activity National Science Foundation Grant 1950298

2021 Research & Innovation Week

2021 Research & Innovation Week Globalization 2: Revisiting Neglected Tropical Diseases Such as Polio, Dengue Fever, and in Particularly EBOLA Effects of Globally Neglected Tropical Diseases

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Name: Catherine Kisavi-Atatah Ph.D. Department: Health and Kinesiology College: Education Areas of Expertise: (keywords; Globalization, Health Collaboration and Preventions of Infectious Diseases)

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2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the roles globalization play in the spreading of originally tropically neglected diseases from one continental area to another. This study investigated the relationships between the spread of Polio, Dengue Fever, and particularly Eb a ba a b 2014 and 2015.

Introduction Cont..

Data statistical analyses of this study pinpointed the impacts of Ebola in 8 major countries. These countries were Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Nigeria, Senegal, Mali, Spain, and United States of America. The study investigated the effects of tropically neglected diseases worldwide and their implications to other western countries due to lack of actions from these countries

Statement of the problem

Since the identification of Ebola in 1976 in Congo East Africa; nothing significant had been done to contain its viral infections and deaths. As such, Ebola re-emerged from 2014 to 2016 and was the largest outbreak in West Africa that spread locally, nationally, continentally, and even internationally which led to many preventable unnecessary pains, sufferings and deaths. The question now becomes why did it take the world 38 years to revisit Ebola as a global health public concerns?

Methodology

This study investigated Ebola globalization roles using NonExperimental Descriptive design measurements. This research study a c c ca b c c a 8c a ca c aa a sample collection technique. The data were collected through a comprehensive collaboration of WHO and CDC Ebola Situation Report from 2014 to March 2015 on March 25, 2015. The study ensured that the most current Ebola data were collected for statistical analyses purposes.

Implications of the Study This quantitative research study shed three major lights as implications for the world in ignoring disease outbreak. This research study showed that when we ignore diseases from certain regions, they can eventually affect the health of many globally. This is ca b ca b c a ba a G ba V a acc a a c a to regions like wildfires

Implications of the Study

Secondly, the world should realize that as previously echoed by historic c a c a a , W a a as one inescapable network; that whatever touches one directly, touches the c a (D . Ma L K , J . 1963-1968, personal communication). Finally, the world has seen, and symmetrically accepted issues associated with quarantine; and not to mention the isolations of Ebola patients also known as quarantine for the first time in a most recent global history.

Results The study found that majority if not all the imported or exported identified Ebola beside those in the critical Ebola areas were either imported or .T ac a -toc c a a ba a G ba V a a a in the importations or exportations of contagious diseases, particularly Ebola

Conclusion/Discussions While this study was conducted in 2015, it is significant and appropriate for this research & renovation week as we are currently faced with COVID-19 pandemic. This study continues to remind us that we can not ignore global health issues and must continue to work with health policy makers across the globe as to proactively address diseases outbreaks before they become pandemics My research interest is mainly in global health. As we continue to address COVID-19, we must be reminded that while significant strives have been made to address Ebola outbreaks, teamwork and global collaborations are extremely important in order to avoid future pandemics.

Acknowledgement

Names of collaborators Dr. Catharine W. Kisavi-Atatah (Ph.D.). & Dr. Park E. Atatah (Ph.D.). Self-funded, supported, and no conflict of interests

2021 Research & Innovation Week Beyond Sense of Belonging: The Impact of Discrimination on College Students’ Persistence

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Zachary A. Jackson, Ph.D. Department of Health & Kinesiology Whitlowe R. Green College of Education Areas of Expertise:

Social Determinants of Health Emerging Adulthood College Student Health

Sociological Connection between Education and Health

Health

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Education

Social Factors

Introduction and Purpose However, many students of color enrolled in higher education do not graduate (de Brey et al., 2019). African-American/Black 40% Latinx 54%

Sense of belonging and discrimination have been identified as significant predictors of student persistence (see Hartley, 2011; Hausmann et al., 2009; Meeuwisse et al., 2010; Morrow & Ackermann, 2012; Roberts & Styron, 2010; Vaccaro & Newman, 2016).

Unlike previous studies on persistence, this investigation sought to determine whether discrimination was significant above known variables, including students sense of belonging a well-studied persistence research factor.

Methods & Results Instruments: The Healthy Minds Study (HMS)

Measures: Demographics Sense of Belonging, Experiences of Discrimination Confidence in Finishing Degree

Analytic Strategy: Hierarchal (sequential) multiple regression.

Conclusions and Significance Overall, the more frequent the discriminatory experiences, the lower he de c fide ce i hei abili g ad a e a e hei gender, race or ethnicity. Expands our understanding of the impacts of discrimination and provides further justification to include interventions that reduce discrimination and bias on college campuses. Future Work: Investigate the differences between students based on the institutions they attend.

Reference Jackson, Z. A., Harvey, I. S., & Sherman, L. D. (2020). The Impact of Discrimination Beyond Sense of Belonging: P edic i g C llege S de C fide ce i Thei Abili G ad a e Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025120957601

Acknowledgements Adam E. Barry, Idethia S. Harvey, Erica C. Spears, Ashley V. Hill, & Leann V. Smith

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Post-COVID-19 Impact on Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Administrators' perceptions Name: Andrea McDonald, PhD. CHES Department: Health and Kinesiology College: Whitlowe R. Green College of Education Areas of Expertise: Health Literacy, Higher Education, COVID-19 Pandemic, Obesity, Qualitative methods, Health disparities

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2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: According to United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), COVID-19 pandemic disrupted schools in more than 150 countries.

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Many institutions had to cancel their in-person classes and moved them to online-only instruction. Majority of the schools had to scramble to implement infrastructures to support learning and working remotely. Research Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess faculty, students, and administrators' perceptions of post-COVID-19 impact on higher Education

Research Methods Participants : Must be a faculty, student, or administrator at a university in Texas Recruitment: Participants were recruited via email, Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and letters sent to organizations such as TPHA. Questionnaire: Participants first completed a 20-item questionnaire, which assessed eligibility and provide sociodemographic information.

Analysis: Data were transcribed verbatim and read independently for initial coding of themes. A systematic coding process was employed using the grounded theory approach as designed by Charmaz (2006).

Results

Themes identified Staff reduction and layoffs Budget cutting Change in Student Learning outcomes Increase in college dropout More online classes Disruptions in home Disease preventions

Quotes I think that we'll need to make some long-term reduction of staff and other places in higher education. We have not had situations with layoffs, but I think it's very real throughout higher education that there probably layoffs, on a lot of campuses, colleges and universities.

It will be interesting and how teacher have gotten comfortable teaching online so they just might enjoy it. I think it is imperative we prepare our students, as well as faculty members or employees on future outbreaks, now that we learn COVID19

A total of 12 participants participated in this study. Sa c Do you see COVID-19 impacting higher education in the future. Explain your a .

Conclusions and Significance Faculty, students and administrators foresee changes in higher education as a result of COVID-19 pandemic.

Future study is needed to explore some key areas in higher education that may be impacted. Faculty and administrator may want to examine their curriculum for online appropriateness and rigor. References 1. Higher education retrieved May 30, 2020. https://www.ncsl.org/research/education/highereducation-responses-to-coronavirus-covid-19.aspx. 2. Krug EG, Mercy JA, Dahlberg LL, Zwi AB. The world report on violence and health. The lancet. 2002;360(9339):1083-10

Acknowledgement

Undergraduate student workers: Laura Ekezie Renea Lawrence

This project was partially supported by Prairie View A&M University Faculty-RISE Initiative

2021 Research & Innovation Week Contact information

Andrea McDonald, PhD. CHES Assistant Professor Department of Health and Kinesiology Phone: 936-261-3915 Email: anmcdonald@pvamu.edu

2021 Research & Innovation Week

Faculty Research Conference 1:00 PM 2:00 PM SPEAKER Dr. Louis Ngamassi

Text Mining Hurricane Harvey Tweet Data: Lessons Learned and Policy Recommendations

Dr. Safwat Shakir

Global Ecological Human Imprint, Sustainable Development and Environment: Assessment and Impacts Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Amino Acid Solutions and Process Intensification Methods

Dr. Jorge Gabitto #PVAMUResearch #PVAMUR&Iweek

TITLE

Dr. Md Jobair Bin Alam

A Design Framework for Water Balance Cover Thickness

Dr. Abdul Choudhury

Study on Suitability of FRP Retrofitting for Beam C l mn J in b N me ical A ach

2021 Research & Innovation Week Text Mining Hurricane Harvey Tweet Data: Lessons Learned and Policy Recommendations

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Name: L. Ngamassi, H. Shahriari, T. Ramakrishnan, S. Rahman Department: Accounting, Finance and MIS College: College of Business Areas of Expertise: Disaster Management, Social Media Analysis

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results

Analyst Tweets Citizens Disaster-Affected Environment Concept-Based Processing

Implementation

Extracted Content Factors Disaster Management Organizations

Citizen Disaster Model Adapted from Evangelopoulos & Visinescu (2012): Text-Mining the Voice of the People,” Communications of the ACM, 55(2), pp. 62-69

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Sum of Squared Errors (within clusters) 90000

12000 3, 10808 10000

85000

8000 80000 6000

Topic Clustering

75000 4000

70000 2000 13, 919 65000

60000

-2000 1

21 23 25 27 29 31 NUMBER OF CLUSTERS SSEs

SSE

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results

Conclusions and Significance Recommendation 1: Train the general public to formulate simple and actionable disaster-related posts Recommendation 2: Establish channels to properly communicate procedures and guidelines as life returns to post-disaster normalcy Recommendation 3: Provide specific and detailed information regarding transportations Recommendation 4: Promote the use of specific hashtags to simplify tweet classification This study extends the literature on social media use in disaster management and provides relief organizations, disaster management agencies, and policymakers with a framework to understand the citizens’ concerns during disasters and formulate effective disaster management policies.

Acknowledgment

This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Grant Award Number, ‐ST‐ ‐ . We also wish to thank Dr. Ali Mostafavidarani, from The Texas A&M University’s Urban Resilience, Networks, and Informatics Lab, for sharing his dataset.

2021 Research & Innovation Week

2021 Research & Innovation Week Global Ecological Human Imprint, Sustainable Development and Environment: Assessment and Impacts

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Name: Safwat H. Shakir Department: Chemical Engineering College: College of Engineering Areas of Expertise: (1)Environmental Science – 2)Sustainability – 3)Ecological Modeling, Climate Changes, Human Imprint

2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: Ecological Human Imprint (EHI), sustainability, and environment form three points of the triangle of technology development. These three points when integrated are the key to understanding how to improve global sustainability.

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Statement of Problem: Current human population reached 7.8 Billion people and their impacts on Global environment are enormous (The Picture Below is extracted from Human Population Trends – Images of human population.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results This research uses modeling of these points and predicts the impacts of human activities on our global Earth and its natural resources and in consequence, the economic and social impacts. The model uses assessments to develop suggestions about how to conserve our global environment and natural resources for future generations. The model is constructed on data collected and analyzed using published data from USA Agencies: United Nation Agencies and other public published data from different countries in the world.

Stella™ software is used in the development of the model to make the prediction for the next 100 year. The results of research applying the model are presented in the conservative current population growth rate annually. This is on the assumption that the growth rate is 0.981%% increase annually. The data shows that the Human population In year 1961 were 3.08 billion people and will reach 9.3 Billion people by year 2050 in a very conservative assessment.

Table (1) Global Population, Global Biological Capacity (GBC), Global Biological Demand (GBD) and Maintenance Index of the Planet Earth up to Year 2008 - Data are in 10 years intervals * Year

1961

Global Surface Total Global Global Total Global Deficit in Maintenan Population Area in Biological Biological Biological global ce Index Demand Demand in Capacity billion =GBC/ in billion billion ha (GBD) Global (GBC) hectare GBD (billion Hectare/Su (billion =GBCglobal ha) rface Areas global ha) GBD global hectare as % 3.08 13.39 7.47 55.80 10.90 3.43 1.46

1970

3.70

13.39

9.50

70.96

11.00

1.50

1.16

1980

4.44

13.39

11.25

84.03

11.13

-0.12

0.99

1990

5.27

13.39

12.93

96.58

11.38

-1.55

0.88

2000

6.10

13.39

15.1

112.73

12.00

-3.10

0.79

2008

6.69

13.41

18.8

140.20

12.00

-6.80

0.64

Table (2) Predicted Values Calculated for Global Population, Global Biological Capacity (GBC), Global Biological Demand (GBD) and Maintenance Index of the Planet Earth from Year 2009-2050. The Presented Data are in 10 Years intervals

Year

2009

Global Surface Total Global Global Total Global Deficit Maintenanc Population Area in Biological Biological Biological in e Index Demand Demand in Capacity global in billion billion ha =GBC/GBD (GBD) Global (GBC) (billion billion (billion Hectare/Sur hectare global ha face Areas =GBCglobal ha) global GBD hectare as % 6.74 13.41 16.98 126.61 11.94 -5.04 0.65

2010

6.79

13.41

17.11

127.60

11.95

-5.16

0.64

2020

7.34

13.41

22.46

137.94

12.13

-10.33

0.54

2030

7.92

13.41

28.62

149.11

12.31

-16.31

0.43

2040

8.55

13.41

31.30

161.16

12.52

-18.79

0.40

2050

9.23

13.41

33.36

174.18

12.73

-20.77

0.38

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results The total global Biological capacity of the Earth in year 1961 was 10.90 billion global hectare and will reach in year 2050 to 12.73 billion global hectare The total global biological demands of humans from the Earth in year 1961 was 7.47 Billion Global Hectare with surplus of 3.43 Billion Global Hectares. On the other hand, the biological demands will reach 33.36 Billion Global Hectare with a deficit is about 20.77 Global Billion Hectare in year 2050

The maintenance of natural resources of the Earth is in very depressed situation and we will not maintain the Earth biological capacity due to increase demands for natural resources without giving the Earth a break to biological capacities to replenish it s resources. The maintenance index of the Earth in 2050 will reach 0.38. This means that the Earth is able to support less than the 38% of the total global demands of natural resources.

Conclusions and Significance 1)According to the model, it is very important to maintain the trend of more efficient use

of natural resources. 2)The more widespread education is very important to combat high demands for on natural resources and to conserve existing resources for continuation of global ecosystems and to supply life on Earth with the goods and services needed. 3)It is important to maintain the global the regenerative biological capacities (i.e. renewable resources) of Earth, while conserving (and developing new sources of nonrenewable resources). 4)Finally, the model shows that the nations should close the gaps between population growth and the economic development. 5)The model indicating the gap that the Earth needs to provide all humans living on this earth with goods and services and in consequences related all the economic and, social, political policies and final the ideologies.

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Poverty Images that Can be seen as impact on the Sustainable Development

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Poverty Images that Can be seen as impact on the Sustainable Development

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Poverty Images that Can be seen as impact on the Sustainable Development

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How Are We Living on This Earth?

Acknowledgement Names of collaborators: Safwat H. Shakir Hanna, Magdy Khalil (Egypt), Kendal T. Harris (PVAMU), Irvin W. Osborne-Lee (PVAMU), Gian Paolo Cesaretti (Italy), Rosa Misso (Italy), and Zacharoula S. Andreopoulou (Greece) Grants from US-Fulbright, Ain Shams University Grant, US-AID, PVAMU, and NASA (Different Years).

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Amino Acid Solutions and Process Intensification Methods Name: Jorge Gabitto Department: Chemical Engineering College: Engineering Areas of Expertise: CO2 Capture, Energy, Environment

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2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Introduction: CO2 concentration increased more than 45% relative to the pre-industrial era. Statement of Problem: Improved absorption processes based upon more efficient solvents and optimized industrial processes. Reduce capital, operating, and energy costs.

Research/Scholarly Methods Two prong approach. Improved solvents with better properties compared to those currently used: amino acid solutions. Improved absorption cycles by reducing capital and energy costs: process intensification.

Process Intensification Approach: Cyclic Process using Amino Acid solutions and a Guanidine Compound Slurry

CO2 Absorption + Amino-Acid Regeneration Three-Phase Slurry Column Reactor

Liquid

Solid/Liquid Separation

Recovered Amino-Acid

Flue Gas Solid

GBIG Regeneration Oven

Solid GBIG

CO2

0.14

0.12

0.08

Higher CO2 capture and reduce energy load.

Exit CO2 volume fraction

Figure shows comparison of full cycle against a sequential step process.

0.06

0.04

0.02

7 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

Three-phase slurry reactor used in experiments and for numerical modeling.

Time (s)

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

7 0

0.1

5000

10000

Time (s)

15000

Exit CO2 volume fraction

Research/Scholarly Results

Conclusions and Significance Goal: Improved absorption using environment friendly solvent. Goal: Reduction of capital and energy costs by combination of absorption and regeneration steps in a single cyclic process. Conclusion: Experimental data and simulation results proved that simplified cycle concept can be implemented as proposed. Extra Advantage: Significant increase in CO2 absorption by addition of guanidine compound. Significance: Great costs reduction, especially for absorption from concentrated sources.

Acknowledgement Drs. Costas Tsouris and Radu Custelcean from ORNL Dr. Sotira Yiacoumi and Mr. Abishek Kasturi from Georgia Tech. Mr. Fred Nkrumah and Mr. Constantino Mansogo from PVAMU Support from DOE-LDRD Seed Program is kindly acknowledged Support from RISE Program (PVAMU) is kindly acknowledged Publications: Kasturi, A. S., Ladshaw, A., Yiacoumi, S., Gabitto, J., Garrabrant, K., Custelcean, R., and Tsouris, C. CO2 Ab S a F Ga a B bb C , Sep. Sci. & Tech., 2019. Gabitto, J., Custelcean, R., and Tsouris, C. S a Ca b D Ab b A Acids in Two-P a Ba c a B bb C R ac , Sep. Sci. & Tech., 2019.

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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A Design Framework for Water Balance Cover Thickness Name: Md Jobair Bin Alam, Ph.D., P.E., M. ASCE Department: Civil and Environmental College: Engineering Areas of Expertise: (Unsaturated Soil; Infrastructures; Forensic Investigation)

2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: The cover thickness design guideline is required that considers all the water balance components associated with water balance cover for permitting to meet federal and state regulations. Statement of Problem: Field verification of each influential climatic component, unsaturated soil behavior, and water balance variation is unexplored to specifically determine the required thickness.

Soil Suction,

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(KPa)

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

100000

10000

1000

100

100 CMH

Van Genuchten Model

Tempe Cell 0.1

0.1 0

0.1 V

0.2 0.3 c Wa C

0.4 ,

0.5

Construction and Instrumentation

184

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Major Equation

P=S –L×( r

5 ft

–

)

Pr = Percolation SR = Required water storage L = Thickness of the Cover = Unsaturated parameter

S =f(P,R), [P=Precipitation, R=Runoff] R

4 mm

Conclusions and Significance Major Outcome: Annual precipitation approximately 1100 mm to 1400 mm will require the storage layer thickness to be 4.98 feet 5 feet. Total closure thickness: minimum 6 feet. (Not economical and practicable) Direction: Alternative Methods and Material Required – potential new material identified. Work Proposal Submitted > Garnered sufficient merit > Response to Questions submitted > WAITING !!

Acknowledgement Collaboration: 1) SUNY Polytechnic Institute 2) UT Arlington Support: City of Denton, Solid Waste Division

Accepted Publication - to be published in 2021 July 2021 – On the presentation Topic 1.

Alam, M. J. B., Ahmed, A., Rahman. N. and Hossain, M.S. (2021). Estimation of Percolation of Water Balance Cover Using Field Scale Unsaturated Soil Parameter

July 2021 1. Alam, M. J. B., Rahman, N., Ahmed, A. and Hossain, M.S. (2021). Field Monitoring and Model Predicted Water Balance of Monolithic Cover. 2. Ahmed, A., Alam, M. J. B. and Hossain, M.S. (2021). Determination of Unsaturated Flow Parameters and Hysteresis Curve from Field Instrumentation. 3. Ahmed, A., Alam, M. J. B. and Hossain, M.S. (2021). Comparison of Numerical Modeling Results from Laboratory and Field Obtained Unsaturated Flow Parameters. May 2021 1. Alam, M. J. B., Rahman, N., Seraj, F. and Hossain, M.S. (2021). M ni ing and Evaluation of Evapotranspiration of Water Balance Cover. 2. Alam, M. J. B., Rahman, N., Bhandari, P. and Hossain, M.S. (2021). Beha i of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Water Balance Cover Measured through Field Instrumentation.

2021 Research & Innovation Week

2021 Research & Innovation Week [Study on Suitability of FRP retrofitting for beam-column joints by numerical Approach ]

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Name: Dr. Abdul M Choudhury, Ph.D., A.M.A.S.C.E. Department: Civil & Environmental Engineering College: Engineering Areas of Expertise: (keywords; ANSYS, Retrofitting, FRP)

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Introduction: During the last few decades, lots of research was done on strengthening of seismic deficient external beam-column joints. Out of several methods, FRP retrofitting has been found very effective. Experiments were done to cover individual deficiencies. This research shows a pilot study on all possible deficiencies and the enhancement of result by retrofitting with FRP . Statement of Problem: This is a numerical study on Retrofitted beam-column joints using the software ANSYS. The prototype specimen with three pre-defined deficiencies were selected and deficient beam-column joints were retrofitted with both GFRP and CFRP as per the requirements and a comparative study of enhancement in strength, displacement ductility due to strengthening was carried out to understand effectiveness of retrofitting in all the cases of deficient joints considered in the present study. Result shows a considerable enhancement in all cases due to retrofitting.

In analysis, a typical residential building with floor to floor height as 3.3 meters and the beam of 3.0 meter effective span has been considered for full scale models. The present study has been concentrated on an isolated unit of beam-column joint. In the present study, six types of specimens have been considered, namely Three control and three corresponding retrofitted specimens were considered. a d f

bea

eak i

hea

edi

fi ed a d BWSSC

a d f

bea

eak i

shear small control specimen. The loading together with the corresponding boundary

BWFLC Specimen

1. Beam-Column joint with beam weak in flexure (BWFC) 2. beam-column joint with beam weak in shear control (BWSC) 3. Beam column joint with column weak in shear control (CWSC) And their retrofitted specimen. The naming of specimen was done with five alphabets, the first three alphabets covering the deficiency type, the fourth for size and the fifth for type which can be either control or retrofitted. For example BWFLC control.

a d f

bea

eak i fle

e large

The retrofitting has been done to enhance the flexural capacity of the beam using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) for specimens in this category. Higher shear capacity has been demanded in the beam due to enhanced flexural capacity of beam. Hence, shear retrofitting of the beam has also been done with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). Further, higher flexural capacity of the column is needed for maintaining strong-column

weak-beam condition. Hence, a portion of the columns near the joint has been retrofitted with CFRP. The joint has been adequately strengthened with GFRP.

Finite element model of BWFLC Finite element model of BWFLR

BWFLR failure load

Typical Load-Displacement Graph

Ultimate load of specimens

Control specimens

Retrofitted specimens

Ultimate load by FE analysis with ANSYS (kN)

Ultimate load by strength criteria (kN)

BWFLC

75.60

70.048

BWFLR

82.00

82.19

8.4

BWSLC

73.20

66.360

BWSLR

83.70

82.19

12.28

CWSLC

58.50

-----

CWSLR

68.30

-----

16.75

Name of specimen

Ultimate load by Name of FE specimen analysis with ANSYS (kN)

Ultimate load by strength criteria (kN)

Gain in ultimate strength forvretrofitti ng (%)

MAJOR CONCLUSIONS

The ultimate load carrying capacity obtained for control and retrofitted specimens by numerical simulation through ANSYS proves that retrofitting was effective for all three cases Minimum gain was for BWFLC specimen and maximum was for CWSLC The one which was maximum deficient showed maximum gain Further there was considerable gain in initial stiffness due to retrofitting for all cases. FUTURE DIRECTION In the new Engineering college building there is a proposal of standard structural laboratory, where the following features are under consideration to establish 1. Reaction wall 2. Strong floor 3. Servo hydraulic actuator By using this facility the above numerical research can be extended to experimental research.

2021 Research & Innovation Week

Faculty Research Conference 2:00 PM 3:00 PM

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SPEAKER

TITLE

Dr. Lin Li

Optimizing NBA Player Selection Strategies Based on Practical Constraints and Statistics Analysis

Dr. Lijun Qian

Efficient Privacy Preserving Edge Computing Framework for IoT

Dr. Seungchan Kim

Center for Computational Systems Biology

Dr. John Attia

Smart MicrogridA Design Framework for Water Balance Cover Thickness

Dr. Kristan Russell

Sex Offense Policies and Courtesy Stigma: Partners of Registrants

2021 Research & Innovation Week Optimizing NBA Player Selection Strategies Based on Practical Constraints and Statistics Analysis

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Name: Lin Li Department: Computer Science College: Engineering Areas of Expertise: Data Mining, Sports Analytics

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Introduction: In National Basketball Association, stats data reflect player and team performance. Due to various practical constraints (e.g., salary cap), we need to investigate effective strategies in player signing to gain high team competitiveness. Statement of Problem: NBA stats measure different aspects of a player, how to comprehensively measure a player’s efficiency and how to sign talented players under team constraints are challenging issues.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Use regressions (e.g., linear, ridge, lasso) to formulate the team winning and player stats Use linear programming to formulate player selection strategies (e.g., maximize winning) Maximize: Subject to

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Combinations of different stats and different player selection strategies can be formulated to achieve different goals

Conclusions and Significance The relationship between NBA team performance and player stats can be modeled using machine learning (e.g., regressions) Different player selection strategies can be formulated as optimization problems to achieve good results More stats (e.g., shot charts) and constraints (e.g., player usage) can be considered to comprehensively measure player efficiency and formulate team player selection

Acknowledgement Names of collaborators: Ramya Nagarajan, Yihang Zhao, Ahmadur Rahman, all are/were CS master students Grants that supported the research/scholarly activity: Students are partially supported by Department of Education, MSEIP program

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Efficient Privacy Preserving Edge Computing Framework for IoT Name: Lijun Qian Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering and CREDIT College: Roy G. Perry College of Engineering

Areas of Expertise: Big Data Analytics; Machine Learning; AI

2021 Research & Innovation Week It is anticipated that the number of connected IoT devices will reach nearly 75 billion in 2025 [Source: statista.com]

Various physical objects such as intelligent sensors, home monitoring devices, autonomous vehicles are generally wireless-interconnected to gather and exchange data Privacy and security concerns of data owners

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How to process big IoT data efficiently without compromising the privacy and security of data owners?

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Training of the Autoencoder by minimizing difference between Input and reconstructed input After training, the encoder is deployed in inference mode on edge devices and the decoders at the edge server if needed

Encoder produces the latent vectors with predetermined compression factor Training of the CNN classifier by minimizing difference between ground truth label and predicted label with aggregated latent vectors as input After training is done, deploy the CNN at the edge server

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Evaluation using CIFAR10 and ImageNet datasets Autoencoders with different compression ratio (1 16) Various classifiers are tested (VGG16, InceptionV3, ResNet50, etc.)

Preprocessing include data augmentation and data normalization

Testing accuracy with different compression ratio

Software platform: TensorFlow Hardware: NVIDIA DGX GPU workstation

Training time: from a few hours to a few days depending on datasets and model complexity Inference time: real time (>20 fps) on NVIDIA Jetson TX2

Comparison of the normalized inference time

Conclusions and Significance Edge computing is needed for big IoT data processing

Pre-trained (offline) deep learning models may be optimized for edge devices inference Federated learning is an interesting (ASGD+SGO inspired) learning framework that only work in certain cases The proposed hierarchical framework based on Latent Vector Representation Learning is a promising solution for edge computing Explore analog hardware implemented deep learning (e.g., PCM) in future works

Acknowledgement Joint work with O. Fagbohungbe, S. Reza, Y. Yan, H. Wu, X. Dong, B. Yang Related publications: B. Yang, X. Cao, X. Li, Q. Zhang, and L. Qian ( ). “Mobile Edge Computing based Hierarchical Machine Learning Tasks Distribution for Industrial Internet-of-Things.” IEEE Internet-of-Things Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3. S. Reza, Y. Yan, X. Dong, and L. Qian ( ). “Inference Performance Comparison of Convolutional Neural Networks on Edge Devices,” EAI Edge-IoT 2020. O. Fagbohungbe, S. Reza, X. Dong, L. Qian ( ). “Efficient Privacy Preserving Edge Computing Framework for Image Classification,” submitted to IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence, arXiv:2005.04563.

This research work is supported by the U.S. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (OUSD(R&E)) and the US National Science Foundation (NSF).

2021 Research & Innovation Week

2021 Research & Innovation Week Center for Computational Systems Biology

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https://ccsb.pvamu.edu @CCSB_PVAMU

Areas of Expertise: Bioinformatics, Machine Learning, Systems Biology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Roy G. Perry College of Engineering

2021 Research & Innovation Week Computational

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Modeling and analysis Machine learning / Data science Big data

Systems Holistic, systems view Modeling of biological systems & processes

Biology Developmental biology Neuroscience Cancer Agriculture

https://ccsb.pvamu.edu

Center for Computational Systems Biology long RNAs exosomes

mRNA Cancers

small RNAs

Next Gen Sequencing

Pulmonary Hypertension Parkin on Disease

Genomics Lab

https://ccsb.pvamu.edu Prior knowledge Gene Set DB

Known gene-gene Interactions

Gene set G1, G2, … Gi = {gi,1, gi,2, …}

Gene set G1 G2 … Gk

GINi g3

p-value 0.00001 0.00005 … 0.007

…

#PVAMUResearch #PVAMUR&Iweek

Plant

Gj: DDN g1

GDNi inferred dependency

Statistical test

…

C2 Network Likelihoods

(

HPC

known interaction

P G DC1

)

C1-specific dependency

C2-specific dependency known inferred interaction dependency

Common dependency

Xishuang Dong, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Center for Computational Systems Biology | Machine Intelligence Biology Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering xidong@pvamu.edu| https://ccsb.pvamu.edu/team/xishuang-dong/

Research Areas: Machine learning based computational systems biology, Biomedical information processing, Deep learning for big data analysis, Natural language processing, Deep Learning Theory and Application: Semisupervised Deep Learning, Deep Transfer Learning, Ensemble Deep Learning COVID-19 Data Analysis: COVID-19 Classification of Chest Radiography Image and Image Segmentation with Deep Learning Fake News Detection on Social Media: Detecting Fake News on Social Media Data with Semi-supervised Learning

Figure 1. Chest radiography images of COVID19 cases from 2 different patients

Figure 2. Semi-supervised deep learning

Dumitru Iacobas, Ph.D., Research Associate Professor Center for Computational Systems Biology | Personal Genomics Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering daiacobas@pvamu.edu| https://ccsb.pvamu.edu/team/dumitru-iacobas/ Research Areas: Experimental and Computational Genomics, Systems Biology, Biophysics Research Focus: Remodeling of functional genomic fabrics in cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases Objectives: Comprehensive characterization of gene networks alterations in disease and recovery following a treatment; Develop personalized genomics procedures and analytical tools for cancer diagnostic and gene therapy.

Research Methods: Optimized wetlab protocols, experimental designs and normalization and filtration algorithms; Genomic Fabric Paradigm that considers the transcriptome as a multidimensional mathematical object constraint by selective control of a ci ab da ce a d e e i c ela i a g ge e Gene Master Regulator approach to identify the most legitimate, personalized and time-sensitive targets for cancer gene therapy

Transcriptomic differences among 3 equally graded cancer nodules (PTA, PTB, CWM) and the normal tissue (NOR) from a surgically removed metastatic kidney cancer.

Anna Joy, Ph.D., Research Associate Professor Center for Computational Systems Biology | Genomics Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering anjoy@pvamu.edu| https://ccsb.pvamu.edu/team/anna-joy/

Research Areas: Biomarker and therapy development for primary

and metastatic brain tumors, Genomics, Brain organoid tumor models.

Brain organoid tumor models Develop 3D in vitro model of Glioblastoma brain tumors and Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis using brain organoids. Use for discovering and testing new therapeutics, molecular mechanistic studies. Discover targetable tumor-microenvironment interactions.

Lancaster, Renner, M, Martin, C, Wenzel, L, et al. (2013). Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly. Nature. 501. 10.1038/nature12517.

Immune Subtypes to improve immunotherapy in brain tumors Find Glioblastoma brain tumor immune subtypes. Determine subtype-specific response to therapy. Investigates mechanisms of Immune suppression. Figure 1. UMAP plot of Glioblastoma single cells from GSE 84465 used to derive immune-specific genes (a). Heatmap of immune subtypes in GBM (b).

Tesfamichael Kebrom, Ph.D., Research Scientist Center for Computational Systems Biology | Plant Systems Biology Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering thkebrom@pvamu.edu| https://ccsb.pvamu.edu/team/tesfamichael-kebrom/ Research Areas: Plant Physiology, Plant Systems Biology, and Crop Yield Improvement Research Focus: Investigating the physiological and molecular basis of shoot branching (Fig. 1) and stem growth (Fig. 2) in plants. Objectives: Identifying molecular pathways and genes that control shoot branching, stem growth and biomass accumulation and alter the function of the genes to increase the yield of crops grown for food (grain), feed and biofuels (stem). Research Methods: Growing plants under controlled environmental conditions that increase or decrease shoot branching or stem growth and identify molecular pathways and genes that control changes in branching or stem growth using computational tools developed at CCSB.

Seungchan Kim, Ph.D., Chief Scientist, Executive Professor Center for Computational Systems Biology | Biocomputing Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering sekim@pvamu.edu | https://ccsb.pvamu.edu/team/seungchan-kim/

Research Areas: Computational Systems Biology, Bioinformatics, Machine Learning, Cancer Genomics Research Focus: mathematical and computational modeling of molecular networks development of computational methods to analyze high throughput multi-omics data to identify disease biomarkers computational models to diagnose patients or predict patient outcomes, for example, disease subtypes or drug response

Highlight: Discovery of exosome biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic cancer (NCI sponsored, in collaboration with City of Hope, Duarte, CA) Biomarker discovery of bladder cancer subtypes (DoD CDMRP sponsored, in collaboration with Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD)

Research Publications Year Journal Conference Book chapters

* In progress

2018 12 3

2019 10 6

2020 11 2

2021* 5 0

Conclusions and Significance Overall proposal activities keeps improving significantly >$18M submitted in 2020 30 proposals, compared to 4 in 2019 Also, all CCSB members submitted at least 2 or more proposals as a PI

Overall funding improved (CCSB primary + CCSB participating) >$850K (2020) and ~$740k (2019) secured Almost all CCSB members have at least an externally funded project

CCSB members continue to publish research in peer-reviewed journals and conferences It is also noted that an US provisional patent was filed with University of Pittsburgh, based on 3+ years of collaboration on pulmonary hypertension and drug repurpose. PVAMU is an equal partner in the application

Acknowledgement CCSB Members: Sumithra Weerasooriya (Research Associate), Lucy Nwosu

(Ph.D student), Nneka Ede (former undergraduate student), Lijun Qian (CREDIT), Xianfang Li (CREDIT) Collaborators: CREDIT@PVAMU, JHMI, City of Hope, TGen, UPMC, Channing Lab@Harvard, NYMC, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Texas A&M University. Funding:

2021 Research & Innovation Week

SMART MICROGRID (Smart Microgrid Advanced Research Technology Center) CRI SMART CENTER

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Name:

John O. Attia, PhD, PE, Interim Director

Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering College: Roy G. Perry College of Engineering Areas of Expertise: solar technologies, wind power, power systems protection

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Investigators &Funded Projects and Ongoing Research Work

ONGOING RESEARCH WORK 1. Simulation and Design Implementation of Low-Cost and HighEfficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

2. Amplifying the natural low wind speed in-field wind tunnel B c . FACULTY INVESTIGATORS J. Attia, S. Binzaid, W. Ali, P. Cofie, L. Qian, M. Sadiku, X Dong, (ECE Department). N. Shamin, J. Gabitto (Chemical Engr. Department) FUNDED PROJECTS 1. MRI: Acq isi ion and De elopmen of Mobile Edge Comp ing Equipment for Research and Education of Big Data Analytics with Applica ions in Smar Grid a PVAMU . PI: Dr. Qian, Co-PI: Drs. Attia, Binzaid, Dong, Fuller, This project was funded by NSF, - $358,970 (2020-2023) 2. The Sustainable Energy Bike Lanes with Applications in the City of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia This project is collaborative project between PVAMU and UNITEN, Malaysia, This project was funded by NSF - $250,000 (2020-2022) 3. Accelerating the Development and Deployment of Emission-Free Smart Infrastructure Three universities are involved with this project. Universities are TAMU-Commerce, PVAMU, and Santa Clara University. Theis project is funded by TAMU Energy Institute - $40,00 (2021)

3. The Sustainable Energy Bike Lanes with Applications in the City of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4. Accelerating the Development and Deployment of EmissionFree Smart Infrastructure

5. Forecasting and Clustering Residential Energy Consumption using Machine Learning and Stochastic Processes 6. Carbon Capture and Energy Storage (Battery) 7. Microgrid Optimum Identification Location Using Standard and Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization Techniques 8. Novel Model Predictive Control for Electrical Machine Drives Considering Circuit Faults 9. Smart Grid Connectivity with Renewable Energy System Management Using SCADA 10. Harnessing solar thermal energy for closed loop vapor turbine application 11. Renewable Energy Generation from a Speed Bump

12. Smart Meters on PVAMU Campus: Data Collection and Analysis

PEROVSKITE Solar Cells (1) Problem Statement The silicon solar cell has been mostly used since it was invented in 1941; its current efficiency is less than 18%. With a world push toward renewable energy, recent research effort to improve the efficiency has seen very little progress. Therefore, there is a need to examine other materials and methods for solar cell construction to improve the efficiency. Research Goals and Objectives Investigation of different inorganic electrode materials that has a better Ohmic contact than existing ones for PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS verified through simulation and fabrication in an effort to improve the cells efficiency. Determination of suitable materials for the cells which fit the properties of Electron Transport layer (ETL), Hole Transport Layer (HTL) and the absorber layer Motivation for a New Solar Cell I E c c . Reduce Manufacturing Cost and Cost to Consumers. Contribute to the reduction of Greenhouse Effect.

PEROVSKITE Solar Cells (2) RESULTS Efficiencies of 27.2%, 22.73%, 27.2%, and 27.2% are obtained from the electrode materials of Au (Gold), Cr (Chromium), Pt (Platinum), and Cugraphite alloy, respectively. In addition, the study demonstrates that the improved work functions of the selected contacts have a positive impact such as increased voltage and current of the devices

AMPLIFYING NATURAL WIND SPEED WITH BERNOULLI METHOD (1) The innovative wind tunnel design achieved: Improved power generation from amplified wind energy from a novel design of the turbine. Reduce the construction cost of up to 75% compared to open-field high tower wind turbine. Creating a new form of renewable energy generation that is much safer than wind turbines. Easy setup even in home backyard for power generation.

AMPLIFYING NATURAL WIND SPEED WITH BERNOULLI METHOD (2) The innovative wind tunnel design achieved:

Speed of 2.19m/s wind is amplified by about 5 times. A prototype model is being constructed for test.

The Sustainable Energy Bike Lanes (1) The project goals: The innovative design of energy generating nanocomposite PZT sensor cells are integrated with charge collection electronics circuits to store the power to be used for: - emergency lights for improved safety - charging stations for bike and mobile devices - purified water from rainwater for bike riders

The Sustainable Energy Bike Lanes (2) Test results:

All 60 LEDs in the strip turned on evenly by the impulse force created by the hammer. Due to the focused lenses of LEDs, they only showed high brightness of red light in the center of the picture of the camera. Test Results showed about 4 mA to 6 mA of impulse current drawn by this 12V LED strip, producing about 2.9 W to 4.3 W for about 120 ms to 160 ms of stored electrical power by the TFP system.

Acknowledgements Names of collaborators Cooperative Agricultural Research Center at PVAMU Dillard University, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Texas A&M University Commerce, Santa Clara University UNITEN Malaysia Grants that supported the research/scholarly activity The bike lane project work is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant with Federal Award # 2025641 The MRI Instrumentation project work is supported by the National Science Foundation grant number 2018945. The emission-free smart infrastructure is supported by TAMU Energy Institute grant. O P Microgrid

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2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Sex Offense Policies and Courtesy Stigma: Partners of Registrants Name: Kristan Russell Department: Justice Studies & Texas Juvenile Crime Prevention Center College: Juvenile Justice and Psychology Areas of Expertise: Stigma, Sex Offending, Juvenile Justice

2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: There are over 900k registrants (individuals on public sex offense registries) in the U.S. and it’s territories. Registrants may experience serious stigma and consequences of registration.

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Statement of Problem: Partners and spouses of registrants may experience courtesy stigma (stigma by association), which may result in various collateral consequences.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Method National survey of partners and spouses of registrants. Close-ended and open-ended items. Sample: 297 respondents from 40 different states. White (85.2%), Female (91.6%), Ave age (45.52 yrs), Parents (69%), Registered (4.7%), Heterosexual (87.9%).

Measures Respondent demographics Relationship items Relationship quality ( = .95) Registrant demographics & offense details Internal courtesy stigma ( = .93) External courtesy stigma ( = .95) Disclosure ( = .89) Social isolation ( = .90) Perceived social support ( = .94) Sense of coherence ( = .87) Well-being ( = .95) Self-esteem ( = .91) Depression ( = .94) Anxiety ( = .87) Stress ( = .88) Open-ended items Follow-up contact info

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Greater internalized stigma is associated with: Lower well-being: r (227) = -.24, p <.001 Lower self-esteem: r (236) = -.21, p = .001 Increased anxiety: r (223) = .26, p < .001 Increased stress: r (227) = .32, p < .001 Increased depression: r (228) = .30 p < .001 Increased social isolation: r (241) = .68, p < .001 Lower relationship quality: r (215) = -.22, p = .001

Relationship subgroups experienced courtesy stigma differently. One-way ANOVA: F (2, 247) = 7.02, p = .001 Tukey s post hoc: p < .001 reg during reported significantly higher rates of CS (M=56.59, SD=12.56), compared to reg prior & aware (M=50.36, SD=12.61).

Testing the moderation model: Well-being: F(4, 193) = 58.361, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .54. With controls: F(9, 171) = 26.768, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .56. Self-esteem: F(12, 205) = 29.41, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .48. With controls: F(12, 177) = 19.409, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .54. Anxiety: F(4, 191) = 18.57, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .27. With controls: F(9, 169) = 11.49 p < .001, adjusted R2 = .35.

Stress: F(4, 199) = 22.33, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .30. With controls: F(9, 176) = 12.54 p < .001, adjusted R2 = .39. Depression: F(4, 197) = 50.24, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .50. With controls: F(12, 175) = 25.29, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .63. Social isolation: F(7, 210) = 34.63, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .52. With controls: F(12, 182) = 21.38, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .56. Rel quality: F(4, 183) = 4.35, p < .002, adjusted R2 = .07. With controls: F(9, 156) = 2.09, p < .033, adjusted R2 = .06.

Conclusions and Significance Theoretical /Research: New models of CS with unique population. Additional collateral consequences identified. New contextual factors taken into consideration. Applied: Partners as social supports for reentry. Needed resources, therapy, and support. Increased awareness of resources. Policy reform. Publications: Marsh, S., Russell, K. N., & Evans, W. (2021). Trickle down registration: Researching the lived experiences of partners of registered sexual offenders, Health Communication, 1-6. Russell, K. N., & Pollack, D. (March 2021). OP-ED: Sex offender registries can cause families and partners to become collateral damage. New York Law Journal. Three additional scholarly publications are in progress. Future Research: Interview study to examine impact of being registered as a youth More focus on juvenile registration and associated consequences for registrants and their families.

Acknowledgement Collaborators on published work: William Evans, PhD –University of Nevada, Reno Shawn Marsh, PhD – University of Nevada, Reno Collaborators on in-progress work: Sh-Shanna Ellington, doctoral student – Prairie View A&M University Vineeth Vijayan, doctoral student - Prairie View A&M University Katie Snider, doctoral student – University of Nevada, Reno Grant-in-Aid from SPSSI (Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues)

2021 Research & Innovation Week

Faculty Research Conference 3:00 PM 4:00 PM

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SPEAKER

TITLE

Dr. Corey Columb

A W man Can Re e en Me The Effec f Ac i a ing the Women-Birds Association on Political Behavior

Dr. Logan Yelderman

Water Conservation Attitudes, Well Monitoring, and Procedural Justice

Dr. Sharisse Hebert

Training Advanced Practice Nurses (APRN) to Implement CER in Primary Care Settings

Dr. Tiffany Thomas

1890 Land Grant Institutions: The Leaders of Public Good

Dr. Rania Labib

Utilizing Machine Learning and Cloud Computing to Automate and Speed up Daylighting Simulations

2021 Research & Innovation Week A Woman Can’t Represent Me: The Effect of Activating the Women-Birds Association on Political Behavior

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Name: Corey Columb Department: Psychology College: Juvenile Justice & Psychology Areas of Expertise: implicit bias, prejudice and stereotyping

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Introduction: Past research demonstrated the existence of an association between Women and Birds (Columb & Plant, 2019) For those who possessed the association, activation of the Women-Birds association caused increased dehumanization of women, decreased perceptions of competence, and decreased likelihood to hire a female candidate over a male candidate (Columb & Plant, 2019). Statement of Problem: Does activation of the Women-Birds association increase sexist political decision-making? Hypotheses: For those who possessed the association, activation of the Women-Birds association decreased willingness to vote for a female candidate over a male candidate, as well as reduced likelihood to support Women’s Rights issues.

Study 1 Methods & Results

Birdlike language Non-birdlike language

Candidate Support (novel female, novel male) Women-Birds brief-IAT

2 Support for female relative to male candidate

Short story manipulation

1.5 1 0.5 0

Bird

-0.5 Control

-1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 Low Women-Birds

High Women-Birds

Birdlike language Non-birdlike language

Candidate Support (Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, Donald Trump, Ted Cruz) W e Righ lic (equal pay, rape victim protection) Women-Birds brief-IAT

0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -3 -3.5

Bird Control

Low Women-Birds Support for equal pay policies

Short story manipulation

Support for Clinton relative to Sanders

Study 2 Methods & Results

High Women-Birds

7 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6 5.8 5.6

Bird Control

Low Women-Birds

High Women-Birds

Conclusions and Significance For those who possessed the association, activation of the Women-Birds association caused an increase in sexist candidate support and a decrease in support for Women’s Rights policies. Future research will look into ways to prevent the effects of activation of the Women-Birds association. One way may be to expose people regularly to competent and successful women (e.g., Oprah, Beyonce, or Marie Curie).

Future research will also look into the formation of implicit associations.

Acknowledgement Thank you to: Undergraduate students who helped collect these data Colleagues who helped review the manuscript for this research You, for watching this presentation

2021 Research & Innovation Week

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Water Conservation Attitudes, Well Monitoring, and Procedural Justice Name: Logan A. Yelderman, Ph.D. Department: Psychology College: College of Juvenile Justice and Psychology Areas of Expertise: Social Psychology; Law; Religion

2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction:

o Texas’s Rule of Capture o Well water use regulated by Groundwater Conservation Districts (GCDs) o Authorized to impose water use restrictions and regulate well development and maintenance (e.g., permitting)

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o Texas’s Rule of Capture does not match up with groundwater systems o Texas’s Rule of Capture does match up with independent culture o Increasing climate/drought awareness Research Question: 1. Are well owners in Bell county aware of GCDs? 2. How do their perceptions of GCDs relate to their own water use/conservation attitudes and behaviors?

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results N = 57 Well owners in Bell County Texas Two neighborhoods: Hidden Springs and River Ridge Ranch Completed a survey (paper or electronic) Conservation attitudes and behaviors Conscientiousness Water use Rule of capture Procedural Justice Policy Support Regulatory Processes Demographics

Pool owners planned to use more water in the next 30 days Residents without irrigation systems were more supportive of water conservation Residents in the Trinity aquifer were more supportive of fines for improper water use than residents in the Edwards aquifer Females were more supportive of water use restrictions implemented by GCDs, more concerned with water use impact, and more conscientious Hidden Springs residents reported more overall water use, lower desire to pursue surface water, were more aware of monitor wells, and thought the monitor wells were more accurate. Residents who were familiar with the DCG and staff/board were more willing to pursue surface water, more aware of monitor wells, and considered the GCDs regulatory practices as fair and just

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results A conservation orientation (i.e., attitudes and behaviors) was related to support for conservation policy, the perception of inadequate water resources, a restrictive management style by GCDs, and a lower likelihood of violating restrictions Support for water use restrictions was related to support for fines imposed on those who violated restrictions and restrictive policies

Willingness to violate water use restrictions was related to wasteful water use Procedural justice, as it is related to GCDs, was related to knowing the GCS board members and staff

Conclusions and Significance Well owners appear to hold attitudes consistent with their behaviors, and this extends to their support for water conservation policies This is true for those who disregarded water conservation

Contact with GCDs might instill trust and perceived legitimacy Public relations with local GCD employees remains weak Increasing local connections could strengthen the effectiveness of GCDs Educating residents about water resources through GCDs might facilitate water conservation policy adoption and implementation

Acknowledgement Collaborators: Will Brewer and Joe Yelderman, Jr., Baylor University

This research was supported by the American Psychology-Law Society’s (APA Division ) Research to Enhance and the Impact and Diversification of Psychology and Law (REID) Grant

2021 Research & Innovation Week

2021 Research & Innovation Week Training Advanced Practice Nurses (APRN) to Implement CER in Primary Care Settings

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Sharisse Hebert, DNP, RN, FNP-BC Ruby Benjamin-Garner, PhD Chloe Gaines, PhD, RN, FNP-BC Jerrel Moore, PhD Graduate Studies Department College of Nursing

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Introduction APRNs are close to the health problems of patients and the issues they face with treatments. Nurse practitioners are trained with a focus on providing evidence-based care and patient engagement is a core principle of nursing practice. However, APRNs, like other practitioners, are unfamiliar with CER, patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR), and the findings that have been generated through these methods. Statement of Problem: Although experienced in the practice of evidence-based medicine and wellpositioned to identify clinical questions that can be addressed by CER findings, most APRNs are ill-prepared to design, carryout, and evaluate implementation projects. This deficit can be addressed through training and support for implementation in the clinical setting.

Overall Project Goal & Objectives Overall Project Goal: To advance the use of CER findings in the primary care setting by building capacity for disseminating and training APRNs, specifically targeting FNPs practicing in underserved and rural communities where they are increasingly filling the gap due to shortage of primary care physicians. Objective: Use qualitative methods to identify CER findings of interest and the facilitators and barriers to implementation of CER findings in primary care settings to inform program development.

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results APRN/Organizational Leader Focus Group APRN/ORGANIZATION LEADER DEMOGRAPHIC RESULTS Gender Female Male Total Age 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 - 74 Total

Frequency 15 1 16

years years years years years

Frequency 1 4 7 3 1 16

Percent 93.8 6.3 100.0 Percent 6.3 25.0 43.8 18.8 6.3 100.0

Cumulative Percent 6.3 31.3 75.0 93.8 100.0

Racial Identification Frequency Black or African American 12 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 1 White 3 Total 16 *All participants identified as not Hispanic or Latino

Percent 75.0 6.3 18.8 100.0

Employment Status Full time (33-40 or more hours per week)

Percent 100%

Frequency 16

Cumulative Percent 75.0 81.3 100.0

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results APRN Focus Group: Implementation Research Nurses leading implementation research Facilitators & Barriers of implementation research in primary care settings Evaluation Process

Organizational Leader Focus Group: Engagement Nurses leading implementation research Role impacts implementation research Facilitators & Barriers of implementation research in their organization Evaluation Process

Conclusions and Significance APRNs: Due to time constraints and patient loads, additional support such as a toolkit and a statistician would help with getting the project designed and implemented. Participants from smaller clinical settings stated that financial support and additional manpower would definitively help them in implementation. More education needed on CER and implementation practice

Organizational Leaders: Clear project goals and feasibility of the project would impact the decision of the organizational leader regarding implementation research. Cost is the bottom line for approving implementation research

All participants agreed that: implementation research was important and necessary when providing quality healthcare. nurses were capable of implementation and would be excellent in implementing research.

Acknowledgement This project was funded through a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Eugene Washington PCORI Engagement Award (20189-PVAM). Project Collaborators: Harris Health Systems University of Texas School of Public Health

2021 Research & Innovation Week

2021 Research & Innovation Week 1890 Land Grant Institutions: The Leaders of Public Good

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Name: Tiffany D. Thomas Department: Community Development College: School of Architecture Areas of Expertise: Community Engagement, Engaged Research, 1890 Institutions

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2021 Research & Innovation Week Introduction: The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 are the two most significant pieces of legislation authorizing Land Grant Institutions, envisioned by Justin Morrill and Abraham Lincoln, as the nation experienced a crisis – the civil war. These institutions were charged with serving as beacons of public good – supporting communities by co-creating solutions to their community issues – otherwise known as community development.

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Prairie View A&M (1890) is the only HBCU and institution in Texas with a community development program, also noted as one of the first in the U.S.

2021 Research & Innovation Week Statement of Problem:

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Traditionally, this work is guided through Extension efforts, where campus-community liaison’s facilitate resources, information and application of tools. However, as cities become more industrial and less agriculture focused, ’s have centered STEM research and education efforts in response to the high demand of globalization, naturally placing the original mission secondary in it’s research and teaching efforts. Prairie View is in the best position to reignite their original mission by leading engaged research efforts to resolve the most pressing issues in the Black community by leveraging the classroom as social justice labs

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Texas Winter Storm Uri: Rapid Response Recovery (2021) Demographic: Seniors (65+) Region: West Houston Method: Asset Based Community Development Citizens Center (3) Institutions Serve the Community (9)

Research/Scholarly Methods & Results Community Needs Assessment (2019) Demographic: 35+ Region: City of Prairie View Method: Community engagement, Data collection, Data analysis, Impact Assessment, Recommendations

Conclusions and Significance Identify and maintain relationships with historically divested neighborhoods throughout Texas. Embed the identified neighborhoods into the campus strategic plan to align resources and attach measurable outcomes (short and long term) for the campus and community. Include engaged research opportunities throughout the life of the student to create sustainability and lifelong public servants. Leverage University assets: teaching, service-learning, research and faculty for the advancement and resolution of community driven issues.

Acknowledgement CAMPUS COMMRADES: Masters of Community Development candidates and graduates / School of Architecture / Office of Research and Innovation COMMUNITIES: The “Original” Piney Point neighborhood (Houston, TX) / City of Prairie View (TX)/ Numerous community-based organizations COLLABORATORS: Drs. Bryan and Kristina Hains // University of Kentucky – Lexington / Dr. Margaret Stout // West Virginia University /Dr. Rhonda Phillips // Purdue University / Dr. Andrea Roberts // Texas A&M University

2021 Research & Innovation Week

2021 Research & Innovation Week Utilizing Machine Learning and Cloud Computing to Automate and Speed up Daylighting Simulations Name: Rania Labib, PhD Department: Architecture College: Architecture Areas of Expertise: Machine Learning, Building Performance Simulations, Drone-based Energy Modeling and Analysis

Parts of this research study were recently submitted and accepted for presentation in two international conferences

Why there has been a recent interest in speedingup and automating daylighting simulations? Daylighting simulations are COMPLEX due to the different methods that exist to simulate the e f a ce f a ace da igh i g e f a ce. Each e h d i diffe e , e a e a i a i e ch a i i a ce e e (LUX Candela), qualitative metrics such as glare probability. Some methods are point on time, other are dynamic (annual). Each method has different file protocols. Parametric Design tools have increased the ability to include various parameters to our geometric models. Storage problems! Therefore, daylighting simulations became and a time-consuming task! 274

What is Machine learning? Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. In this case, ML learns from a small dataset of daylighting simulations to predict the daylighting performance of various building configurations. Small data set! How small! ML can work on a set of data as small as 500 values. The collected data (in this simulations) is divided into two sets: Train Data & Target Data 500 simulations!!! Tha i e c i g High-Performance computing!

275

Traditional Computing

Batch Job with various tasks Submitted to a computer T1

High-Performance Computing

What is cloud computing? aka High-Performance Computing Batch Job with various tasks Submitted to HPC

HPC assigns tasks to nodes

T7 T3

T41

276

The Geometric Model Variable Room Hight

3m, 4m

Glazing Ratio

50%, 60%

Lightshelf Depth

50cm, 1m

Lightshelf Location

Top of the window, shifted

Interior Walls Reflectance value

50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%

Lightshelf reflectance value

80%, 90%

Ceiling Reflectance Value

80%, 90%

Floor reflectance value 50%, 70%

Glazing transmittance Value

30%, 50%

Window orientation

North, South, East, West

Total configurations: 5120

277

The Dataset LUX Total: 5120

Total: 5120

Random

Total: 500

10 Hours

10 Days

Total: 500

1.2 minutes

2.6 minutes

500 Computing nodes

1000 Computing nodes

278

More about the dataset and the ML algorithm

The number of Epochs? 80

The number of Layers 2 hidden layers

With or without Kfold Using a K-fold 279

Results: The Mean absolute Error (80 epoch is better than 500) What does this graph mean? Mean Absolute Error At Epoch 80 is 0.13 This means that predicted average Illuminance values fall within ±0.13 of the actual value (130 Lux) Actual Avg. Illuminance Value 1700 Lux to 6300 Lux 280

Configuration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Simulated 2646 2707 2583 2457 2892 3105 2873 2570 3067

Predicted 2731 2726 2490 2392 2840 3059 2901 2595 3089

Results (cont.) DA simulations Conclusion Pairing Machine Learning with Cloud Computing (HPC)

fairly accurate almost instant results

Parts of this research study were recently submitted and accepted for presentation in two international conferences. Currently expanding this research for journal publications.

Thank You!

2021 Research & Innovation Week

2021 Re ea c &

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