College algebra 11th edition gustafson solutions manual

Page 1

Preface College Algebra 11th Edition Gustafson SOLUTIONS MANUAL Full download: https://testbanklive.com/download/college-algebra-11th-edition-gustafsonsolutions-manual/ College Algebra 11th Edition Gustafson TEST BANK Full download: http://testbanklive.com/download/college-algebra-11th-edition-gustafsontest-bank/

This manual contains detailed solutions to all of the exercises of the text College Algebra, eleventh edition, by R. David Gustafson and Jeff Hughes. Many of the exercises in the text may be solved using more than one method, but it is not feasible to list all possible solutions in this manual. Also, some of the exercises may have been solved in this manual using a method that differs slightly from that presented in the text. There are a few exercises in the text whose solutions may vary from person to person. Some of these solutions may not have been included in this manual. For the solution to an exercise like this, the notation "answers may vary" has been included. If you are a student using this manual, please remember that only reading a solution does not teach you how to solve a problem. To repeat a commonly used phrase, mathematics is not a spectator sport. You MUST make an honest attempt to solve each exercise in the text without using this manual first. This manual should be viewed more or less as a last resort. Above all, DO NOT simply copy the solution from this manual onto your own paper. Doing so will not help you learn how to do the exercise, nor will it help you to do better on quizzes or tests. I would like to thank Paul McCombs from Rock Valley College and Cynthia Ashton of Brooks/Cole Publishing Company for their help and support. This solutions manual was prepared using EXP 5.1. This book is dedicated to John, who helps me to realize that mathematics cannot describe everything in life. May your study of this material be successful and rewarding. Michael G. Welden


Contents

Chapter 0

Sets of Real Numbers

1

Chapter 1

Equations and Inequalities

52

Chapter 2

The Rectangular Coordinate System and Graphs of Equations

174

Chapter 3

Functions

236

Chapter 4

Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

309

Chapter 5

Solving Polynomial Equations

359

Chapter 6

Linear Systems

410

Chapter 7

Conic Sections and Quadratic Systems

505

Chapter 8

Sequence, Series and Probability

551

Chapter 9

The Mathematics of Finance

585


SECTION 0.1

Exercises 0.1

(page 13) 2. subset

1.

set

3.

union

4.

intersection

5.

decimal

6.

variable

7.

#

8.

even

9.

composite

10.

rational

11.

decimals

12.

Ÿ

13.

negative

14.

0

15.

B

16.

CB

17.

&7 #

18.

commutative, multiplication

19.

interval

20.

no

21.

two

22.

half-open

23.

positive

24.

distance

25.

Every natural number is a whole number,

26.

Every rational number is a real number,

&†

so N § W.

27.

D

so Q § R.

TRUE

The rational number

C

"

is not a natural

28.

TRUE

Every integer is a rational number,

#

number, so Q §N.

29.

Every whole number is an integer, so W § Z.

so Z § Q.

FALSE

30.

The real number # is not an integer, so R §Z.

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE

31.

E ∪ F œ a, b, c, d, e, f, g

32.

E ∩ F œ d, e

33.

E ∩ G œ a, c, e

34.

F ∪ G œ a, c, d, e, f, g *

35. 1

œ !Þ&'#&; terminates


SECTION 0.1 $

36.

œ !Þ$(&; terminates

"' 37.

$

) œ !Þ#(#(#(ÞÞÞ;

38.

&

œ !Þ%"''''ÞÞÞ; repeats

repeats 39.

"" natural: ", #, ', (

41.

integers:

&,

%, !, ", #, ', (

40.

"# whole: !, ", #, ', (

42.

rational:

&,

%,

$

#

, !, ", #, #Þ(&, ', ( $

43.

irrational: #

46.

even:

49.

oqñqñqñq p

%, !, #, '

# %

$

44.

prime: #, (

47.

odd:

&, ", (

50.

%

45.

composite: '

48.

negative:

%,

oñqqñqqñqñp '

2

&,

)

*

#


SECTION 0.1 51.

oñqñqqñqñ p

52.

oñqñqñqñ p

54.

""

53.

"$

55.

57.

"*

"(

$

%

#

#

$

"

"

B

# p #, ∞

58.

#!B!$p

#, $

61.

66.

B

", ∞

" 69.

# Ÿ BŸ $ p

59.

%p

64.

$

%

%

#

%, ∞

% ! BŸ " p

%, "

$ () ! ! B ! & p !, &

62.

!

&

B!$p

∞, $

íïïÑqqp $

65.

BŸ & p

∞, &

oqÐïïÓqp %

67.

&

"

&! BŸ ! p

&, !

68.

$ŸB!%p

oqqÒïïî oqÐïïÓqp oqÒïïÑqp #, $

#

oqÐïïÑqp

%

#

"p

∞, %

oqqÐïïî

oqÒïïÑqp íïïÓqqp #

B

"

"Þ(&

%

# $

#, #

'

íïïÑqqp

oqÐïïÑqp #ŸB!#p

B!%p

!

oñqqqñqqqqñq p

56.

!Þ(

#

63.

)

$

oqqÐïïî 60.

"

oñqñqñqñp

"

oñqñqñqñqñ p &

oñqñqñqñqñqñq ñp

& % 70.

3

!

% Ÿ BŸ % p

%, %

$

$, %


SECTION 0.1

# 71.

oqÒïïÓqp oqÒïïÓqp

$

' B # p # Ÿ B Ÿ ' p #, '

72.

oqÒïïÓqp #

73.

B

&, ∞ ∞, % &, ∞ ∩

∞, %

#p

# Ÿ BŸ $ p

#

$ &, ∞ ∩

$ B

oqÒïïÓqp

'

& and B ! %p

%

%

∞, %

oqÐïïïî & íïïïÑqp % oqÐïïÑqp &

%

4

#, $


SECTION 0.1 74.

B

$ and B ! 'p

∞, '

75.

B

∞, '

$ '

) and B Ÿ

$p

), ∞ ∩

$

), ∞ ∩

∞,

∞,

$

oqÒïïïî ) íïïïÓqp $ oqÒïïÓq p

), ∞ ∞,

∞, '

oqÒïïïî $ íïïïÑqp ' oqÒïïÑqp

$, ∞

$, ∞ ∩

$, ∞ ∩

$

) $

76.

B

" and B Ÿ (p ", ∞ ∩

oqÐïïïî " íïïïÓqp ( oqÐïïÓqp

", ∞ ∞, ( ", ∞ ∩

77.

B!

∞, (

# or B

∞, (

"

#p

∞,

(

# ∪ #, ∞

78.

íïÑqqÐïî #

79.

$

!p

∞,

& ∪ !, ∞

&

! ∞,

" ∪ $, ∞

80.

íïÓqqÒïî "

& or B

íïÓqqÐïî

#

" or B $ p

B!

$ or B # p

íïÑqqÒïî $

# 5

∞,

$ ∪ #, ∞


SECTION 0.1 81.

Since "$ !, "$ œ "$.

82.

Since

83.

Since ! !, ! œ !.

84.

Since '$ !, '$ œ '$. '$ œ '$ œ '$

85.

Since ) ! !, ) œ )œ )œ )

86.

Since

) œ ).

6

"( ! !,

#& ! !,

"( œ

#& œ

"( œ "(.

#& œ #&.


SECTION 0.1 87.

Since $# !, $# œ $#.

88.

Since

' ! !,

'œ

89.

$# œ $# œ $# Since 1 & ! !, 1 &œ 1 &œ 1 1.

90.

Since )

92.

Since #1 !, #1 œ #1.

' œ '.

'œ 'œ ' 1 !, ) 1 œ )

1.

&œ&

1 œ !œ!

91.

1

93.

If B #, then B " !. Then B " œ B ".

94.

If B Ÿ #, then B " ! !. Then B " œ B ".

95.

If B ! !, then B % ! !. Then B % œ B %.

96.

If B "!, then B B ( œ B (.

( !. Then

97.

distance œ ) &

98.

distance œ "#

& œ "( œ "(

99.

distance œ

$œ&œ

$

)œ&œ&

100. distance œ

#!

'œ

#' œ #'

101. Since population must be positive and never has a fractional part, the set of natural numbers should be used.

102. Since the subdivisions on a ruler are measured in fractions of an inch, the set of rational numbers should be used.

103. Since temperatures are usually reported without fractional parts and may be either positive or negative (or zero), the set of integers should be used.

104. Since the financial condition of a business is usually described in terms of dollars and cents (fractional parts of a dollar), the set of rational numbers should be used.

105.

B will represent a positive number if B itself is negative. For instance, if B œ $, then B œ $ œ $, which is a positive number.

107. The statement is always true.

106. Every integer is a rational number because every integer is equal to itself over 1.

108. The statement is always true. For example, let + œ & and , œ

109. The statement is not always true. 7

#.


SECTION 0.1 The statement will be true if + ! and , !, or if + Ÿ ! and , Ÿ !.

110.

111. The statement + ! , - could be interpreted to mean that + -, when this is not necessarily true.

Exercises 0.2 1.

factor

(page 24) 2. natural

112. ,

3.

8

$, #B

"+

, œ " † + , œ+ ,

4.

exponential


SECTION 0.2 5.

9.

scientific, integer

8

BC œ B8 C 8

6.

Answers may vary. B

10.

8

7

7.

15.

œ B7

11.

17.

"†& †& œ

14.

12.

B

8

18.

#

& œ

& & œ #&

$

%B œ %B%B%B 'B# œ

&B &B &B &B

21.

œ " B8

"!$ œ "! † "! † "! œ ",!!!

20.

%

&B œ

'†B†B

22. )B% œ

23.

B! œ

16.

#&

%B$ œ % † B † B † B

19.

B7 œ B78

"

"$# œ "$ † "$ œ "'* &# œ

8.

8

B8

13.

8

B7 B8 œ B7

%

)B œ

)†B†B†B†B

(BBB œ

)B )B )B )B

)CCCC œ

24.

)C %

(B$

25. 27.

B Bœ

" "B# œ B#

$>$> $> œ $$ $>$ œ

26.

#+#+#+ œ # † # † # † +$ œ )+$

28.

#(>$

#,#,#,#, œ

" † # † # † # † # † ,% œ "', %

29.

BBBCC œ B$ C #

30.

32.

(Þ"%

33.

35.

#&%"Þ"')" B# B$

œ

œ B#

$

36.

+++,,,, œ +$ ,% !Þ&% œ

œ B&

>' 

(

œ >'†( œ >%#

39.

%

#Þ#$ œ "!Þ'%) %

34.

!Þ# œ !Þ!!"'

37.

$ D #  œ D #†$ œ D '

!Þ!'#& C $ C % œ C$

38.

31.

œ C(

$ $ C& C#  œ C(  œ #" C

9

40.

+$ +' +% œ +* +% œ +"$


SECTION 0.2 41.

D # D$% 

&

œ D ' D #! œ D #'

42.

>$ > & 

43.

+# +$% 

#

œ +' +) œ +"%

44.

+# +$ 

45.

$B œ $$ B$ œ

$

%

%

%

#C œ

46.

œ# >"# >"! œ >##

œ$ +) +* œ +"(

%

# C % œ "'C %

#(B$

47.

49.

B# C

+

# '

$

$$ œ B# C œ B' $ C

$

œ

, ,$ 51.

!

B œ"

48.

# $

+

œ

œ' B$ D % 

B$ D % 

%

+

50.

,$

B C$

52.

%B! œ % † " œ %

1 0

œ

'

œ 'B") D #%

%

B C$

%

œ %

53.

B C "# !

%B œ "


SECTION 0.2 #B! œ

54.

#†" œ

D

55.

# #

57.

C

59.

B$ B

$

C

œC

%

&

œB

œ " C&

"

%

œ " D%

œ

60.

#

7

58.

"

56.

# C$

C

>

œ >#

#

7$ œ

7" œ

œ C"

7

%

œC

œ

B# #

#

%

%

C% 61.

63.

65.

B(

œ B(

$

œ

B%$ B +#" +"(

B #

œ +#"

"(

œ

62.

< & & œ< <#

64.

"$ > œ >"$ % >

+% #

B% œ œ B% œB

$

œ B"

66.

B# B B$ $

$ $

69.

+

#

$

œ

+

œ +" œ

' $

œ+

++# +$

71.

70. +*

%

$

+

*

$

œ

+

%

œ

+

<

"# #

<<

œ >*

"#

*

$

<

$$

$

œ <'

'

œ <"#

'

%

72. 1 1

œ =)

œ >" œ >$

'

< œ

#$

>

%

$

> œ >% >$ 

68.

'

%

=%

%

7 7 œ œ 8#  7 $ 8' 8#

67.

œ <$

œ ="#

œ

#

*

$

* $=

== =#

#

%

œ

>

#

œ

)

>

œ >#

"


SECTION 0.2 ,

"

,

% #

73.

75.

B& C

#

%

œ

B $ C# 

$B# C

$

œ

œ

$

79.

'B & C $ 

$B# B$ C#

#B

#C '

&

œ

$B& C

$

œ

&C $

œ

#C $ C$

#C '

#

œ

"B& B& 

œ

#

œ

1 2

B"! 

B

& $

œ B

$

B( C

%

$B&

#

B( B( 

*B"!

$

$B% C 

) œ #(B"# C $

%C "# œ

B#!

œ " B

$ $

C& C% œ

#

B

œ #&C #

#

$B# B# C ' 

>' " #

œ

&C 

$

#

œ

#C &

'B & C$

#

76.

$ #

>

B ( C&

#

$C #

$B# C

B# B

œ "' C

C% 

BB

B$#

$

&B

$

74.

"

%

#

&

'

œ

%

œ<

B)

$B# C

$

#B # C

%

C# C# 

$C #

$B& C

##

œ<

B& B$

$

#$ #

œ <%

$B# C 78.

#

< œ $

>

,%

#

<$ < <!

#

77.

'

 <<

&B

" %

C* œ

œ B""

B*

$

""

B"% 

$

C #( œ %# B


SECTION 0.2 % C$ D &

"#B $

80.

%B% C

$C $ C$

$C '

$

œ

$

#(C ")

$

œ

"B% B% D & D & 

B) D "! 

œ #% $! B D

D&

"#

$

)DC

81.

œ

&$ C ' D D#

$ " &C # D # &CD #

##

82.

$ %

$

84.

&#

&# C & D

"

)

%

)

&%!

#!!

œ %"

)

œ

7 & 8' :

& % "$

7 7: : 8' 8"%

œ

"$

7: 8#!

"$

œ

%

$# 

'$ *

' '

$'

")

&#

"'

œ & "%

œ (!

œ (!

$&

# œ

(

"% %

78 :

7 8 : †7 8 : œ

œ % 8) : "# † 7 "8 #: "

%

87.

%

$ %

'%DD '%D œ œ #&C & C " #&C '

) "#

#

B# œ

"

'$ œ

%# 

$

'%DC

'

&$' % œ œ #&! % "

#

'$ % (# 

85.

7

"

œ † & "C

% "(

"

# &'∞ * &

%#

'

%# $

7 8: 78 : % 78 # :$ 78# :

83.

# $

)D C

œ

#

"†% œ

$

"†

86.

B# œ

# œ

88.

B$ œ

# œ

90.

BD $ œ

%

)œ)

$

B$ œ

# œ )

89.

$

BD œ

"†

$

# † $ œ '$ œ

#"'

91.

92.

# †$ # œ $# !#

BD# $ œ D# C# D#B #C

#

œ

$ ## !

$

%†#( œ * !

"!)

#

*%# !

*%

œ

œ

œ *

"#

$'

œ 1 3

œ

$

"†

# † $$ œ # † #( œ &%


SECTION 0.2 $

B$ D

93.

&B#

$C $ D œ & #

94.

$B

D

95.

#

#

'B# D $

#

96.

&BD

97.

#%

$! $ œ &%

$!$ œ #!

$

D œ$ #

"D $ œ #B# B$ D#

$ # #

#

$

#C

$B D$

&BD 

)$

# $

%

#&BD œ &BD

#

&B œ BD $%

$(#,!!! œ $Þ(# ‚

%

#

! œ #!

$

#!

D $ œ œ & #B& # #

' #

$

#%

$ œ$ &

#

$

# $ œ $#& œ (&

# #( &% œ #"

$ $ $ œ œ œ # $# '% '%

$

&B & # œ œ # D' D%

98.

$

& ) œ )"

%! œ )"

%! œ )"

)*,&!! œ )Þ*& ‚ "!%

"!&

99.

"((,!!!,!!! œ

101. !Þ!!( œ ( ‚ "!

$

"Þ(( ‚ "!)

100.

102. !Þ!!!&# œ &Þ# ‚ "!

1 4

#Þ$%( ‚ "!"!

#$,%(!,!!!,!!! œ

%


SECTION 0.2 !Þ!!!!!!'*$ œ

103.

'Þ*$ ‚ "!

(

!Þ!!!!!!!)* œ

104.

105. ",!!!,!!!,!!!,!!! œ " ‚ "!"#

106. !Þ!!!!!" œ " ‚ "!

107. *Þ$( ‚ "!& œ *$(,!!!

108. %Þ#' ‚ "!* œ %,#'!,!!!,!!!

&

109. #Þ#" ‚ "!

œ !Þ!!!!##"

#

110. #Þ((% ‚ "!

111. !Þ!!!$# ‚ "!% œ

112. *,$!!Þ! ‚ "!

)

)Þ* ‚ "!

'

œ !Þ!#((%

%

œ !Þ*$

$Þ#

$Þ# ‚ "!

113.

$

œ

(Þ#& ‚ "!$ œ

114.

(,#&!

!Þ!!$#

115.

'&,!!!%&,!!!

'Þ&‚"!% %Þ&‚"!% œ

#&!,!!!

'Þ&%Þ&

% % & $‚ "!

œ

#Þ& ‚ "!&

œ ""Þ( ‚ "!

#Þ& œ "Þ"( ‚ "!" ‚ "!$ œ "Þ"( ‚ "!%

116.

!Þ!!!!!!!%&!Þ!!!!!!"#

%Þ&"Þ# 

%Þ&‚"!∞ ) "Þ#‚"!∞ ( œ

%&,!!!,!!!

)

œ

%Þ& ‚

( (

‚ "!

%Þ&

"!(

117.

!Þ!!!!!!$&"(!,!!!

$Þ&‚"! œ

$Þ&"Þ( 

( "Þ(‚"!&

!Þ!!!!!!)&

)Þ& ‚ "!

œ

!Þ!!!!!!!"%%"#,!!! '!!,!!!

"Þ%%‚"! œ

) "Þ#‚"!%

‚ "!

( &

(

)Þ& œ !Þ( ‚ "!&

(

œ ( ‚ "! 118.

##

œ "Þ# ‚ "!

"Þ%%"Þ# 

' ‚ "!&

"

‚ "!& œ ( ‚ "!%

œ

‚ "!

' œ !Þ#)) ‚ "! œ #Þ)) ‚ "! 1 5

) % &

* "

‚ "!

*

œ #Þ)) ‚ "!

"!


SECTION 0.2 119.

%&,!!!,!!!,!!!#"#,!!! !.!!!")

120.

!Þ!!!!!!!!#(&%,(&!

%Þ&‚"!"! #Þ"#‚"!& œ ‚ "!

121. $Þ$" ‚ "!% cm/sec œ œ

"Þ) ‚ "!

#Þ(&‚"! * %Þ(&‚"!$ œ

&!!,!!!,!!!,!!!

%Þ&#Þ"#

%

œ

"Þ) œ &Þ$ ‚ "!"*

%

#Þ(&%Þ(&

& ‚ "!""

œ

& œ #Þ'"#& ‚ "!

$Þ$"‚"!%cm "m † " sec

"! &

'!sec †

"!! cm

" min

‚ "! "(

$Þ$"‚"!% '‚"!" m/min " ‚ "!# $Þ$"' œ ‚ "!% " # m/min " œ "*Þ)' ‚ "!$ m/min œ "Þ*)' ‚ "!% m/min

1 6

* $ ""


SECTION 0.2 122. Z œ 6A2 œ ',!!! mm*,(!! mm%,(!! mm œ ' ‚ "!$ *Þ( ‚ "!$ %Þ( ‚ "!$ mm$ œ '*Þ(%Þ( ‚ "!$

$ $

mm$

œ #($Þ&% ‚ "!* mm$ œ #Þ($&% ‚ "!"" mm$ 123. mass œ ",!!!,!!!,!!!!Þ!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"'(#%) g œ " ‚ "!* "Þ'(#%) ‚ "! #% g œ "Þ'(#%) ‚ "! "& g $!,!!!,!!!,!!! cm " mile 124. $!,!!!,!!!,!!! cm/sec œ

'! sec '! min

† † "'!,*$%Þ% cm " min

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"! " $‚"!∞ '‚"!∞ '‚"!"  mile/hr "Þ'!*$%% ‚ "!& $'' œ ‚ "!"! " " & mile/hr "Þ'!*$%% ¸ '(Þ"" ‚ "!( mile/hr œ 'Þ("" ‚ "!) mile/hr Mars: 8 œ %

œ

125. Earth: 8 œ $ . œ *,#(&,#!!$#8 œ *,#(&,#!!$#$ *,#(&,#!!$#"

#

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%

œ *,#(&,#!!$#%

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œ *,#(&,#!!"' œ "%),%!$,#!! ¸ "%),!!!,!!! "Þ%) ‚ "!) mi

126. "! † "! † "! † #' † #' † #' œ "!$ † #'$ ; "!$ † #'$ œ "(,&(',!!! œ "Þ(&(' ‚ "!( 127. polar radius œ 'Þ$&'(&!& ‚ "!$ km

128. polar radius œ $Þ*%"")& ‚ "!$ mi

equatorial radius œ 'Þ$(8135 ‚ "!$ km 129. B8 B# œ B8

equatorial radius œ $Þ*&%%%$( ‚ "!$ mi 130.

#

131.

B7B B$

#

B7 œ B7 " $ B

#

œ B7

# $

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B œ B7 B7$

B

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B#

$

œ B$7

& #

œ B$7

133. B7 " B$ œ B7 1 7

" $

$

œ B7

%


SECTION 0.2 134. +8

$ $

+ œ +8

$ $

œ +8

135. In the expression B% , the base of the exponent is B, while in the expression B% , the base of the exponent is B.

136. $# ‚ "!# is not in scientific notation because $# is not a number between 1 and 10.

1 1


SECTION 0.2 #, % Ê

137.

oqÐïïÑqp #

%

∞,

138.

$ ∪ $, ∞ Ê

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139. Since 1 & ! !, 1 &œ 1 &œ 1.

Exercises 0.3 1.

0

5.

+"Î8

9.

Á

11.

*"Î# œ $#

140. distance œ

(œ#œ #

(page 38) 2.

positive

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SECTION 0.2 ) 

21.

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20.

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Ê not a real number

25.

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SECTION 0.3 "Î#

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SECTION 0.3 $ % 47.

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SECTION 0.3 53.

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SECTION 0.3 #%$8"&

63.

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SECTION 0.3 75.

77.

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B#C

œ #B#C 92.

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œ *B#B

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œ $B$#B

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87.

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89.

+ ,

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'B#B 'B#B œ &B#B

$$& #C # *& #C # œ && #C #


SECTION 0.3 93.

$

"'BC %

C $ #BC

$

&%BC % œ

$

)C $ $ #BC

œ #C $ #BC

C $ #BC C $ #BC

17

$

#(C $ $ #BC

$C $ #BC œ !


SECTION 0.3 94.

%

%

&"#B&

$#B&

%

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%

œ %B #B $ $

$

99.

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B

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102.

104.

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SECTION 0.3 œ

$

& 107.

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SECTION 0.3 $B 112.

&(

$B

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$

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%

* œ *"Î% œ $#

œ $#Î% œ $"Î# œ $

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20 

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SECTION 0.3 118.

'

#( œ #("Î' œ $$

œ $$Î' œ $"Î# œ $

"Î'

119.

"!

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œ #% B'

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œ #%Î"! B'Î"! œ ##Î& B$Î& œ ## B$ œ & %B$ "Î&

120.

'

#(B* œ #(B* 

"Î'

œ $$ B*  "Î' œ $$Î' B*Î' œ $"Î# B$Î# œ $B$ 

121. #$ # œ #"Î# † #"Î$ œ #$Î' † ##Î' œ 122. $$ & œ $"Î# &"Î$ œ $$Î' &#Î' œ

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21

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SECTION 0.3 $"Î%

$

%

œ #"Î#

123. # #

$

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#

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124. &

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125. B% œ B. Since B œ B if B !, then % B% œ B if B !.

B ∞7Î8 œ

B

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127.

C

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B7Î8 C 7Î8

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C7 "Î8 C7 œ œ 7 8 B

B7 "Î8

B7

7 C∞

128. Consider the case when 8 is even, 7 is odd and B is negative. Then 7 7 B7Î8 œ B"Î8 œ 8 B . Thus, 8 B must be a real number for the expression to be defined. 129. # ! B Ÿ & Ê #, & 130. If B %, then $ B ! !. Then $ B œ $ B œ $ B œ B $. 131. B# 132.

C# œ

BC %C

œ

#

#

$# œ %

#$ %$

B #

*œ ' "#

œ

#

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# 134. !Þ!!#$& ‚ "!% œ #$Þ&

133. '"(,!!!,!!! œ 'Þ"( ‚ "!)

Exercises 0.4

œ

&

(page 50)

1.

monomial,

2.

degree,

3.

trinomial

4.

binomial

5.

variables one

6.

variables zero

7.

like

8.

degree

22


SECTION 0.3 9.

coefficients, variables

10.

$B

12.

yes, binomial, 3rd degree

13.

15.

yes, binomial, 3rd degree

18.

no

21.

B$

$B#

&B$

#

11.

yes, trinomial, 2nd degree

no

14.

no

16.

yes, monomial, 5th degree

17.

yes, monomial, 0th degree

19.

yes, monomial, no degree

20.

yes, none, 3rd degree

)B Ĺ“ B$

$B#

&B$

)B Ĺ“ B$

)B

23

&B$

$B#

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%! œ

#B

#

.

œ +#

+,

+-

,#

-#

- œ ++

,

>œB

&

-

,

,+

+

#

+,

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+,

#

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,-

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.+ -

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#

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.

,

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, -.

+.

. ,.


SECTION 0.4 129. Answers may vary. 130. Multiply the numeratior and denominator by the conjugate of the numerator B #. 131. Check the formula with + œ " and , 132. Check the formula with + œ $ and , œ %. œ #. $

133. *$Î# œ *"Î# œ $$ œ #(

31


SECTION 0.4 )

"#&

#Î$

134.

œ

"#& 

$Î%

%

'#&B

135.

$

"'+, %

, &%+, œ $

œ

#& %

136. )!B% œ "'B% & œ %B# &

)C '

$Î%

$

#

#

$

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"'$Î% C )

&

œ

) 

% $Î%

$Î%

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#

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) 

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137.

#Î$

), $ #+,

, #( #+, œ #, #+,

$

$

$

,$ #+, œ #, #+,

$

$

#+, œ %

138. B% ",#)!B

Exercises 0.5 1.

factor

3. 4.

+B

5.

B#

#BC

7.

B$

C$

9.

$B

' œ $B

11.

)B#

13.

(B# C #

%

)!B& œ B% #&'% &B

"'B% % &B œ %B% &B

,B œ B+

œB

, #+, $

#B% &B œ 'B% &B

œB CB#

CB

CœB

BC

C#

C

#

integer, prime B#

C# œ B

B#

#BC

B$

C$ œ B

CB#

10.

&C

"& œ &C

$

12.

*C $

14.

#&C # D

16.

,B

,

CB

C

C# œ B

CB

CœB

BC

C#

C

6. 8.

#

%B$ œ %B# #

B

"%B$ C # œ (B# C # "

'C # œ $C # $C

#

"&CD # œ &CD&C

$D

#B

15.

+B

C

,B

17.

%+

,

"#+#

18.

B#

%B

BC

$

(page 61) 2.

C#

$,

$

CœB

C+

,

$+, œ %+

,

%C œ BB

%

$+%+ CB

, œ "%+

%œB 32

%B

C , C

+B

CœB

$+%+

C,

+

, œ %+

,"

$+

#


SECTION 0.4 19.

%B#

21.

%

23.

)"B%

24.

)"

25.

B

* œ #B

#

*<# œ ##

" œ *B# B% œ * # D

#

$# œ #B #

$< œ #

#

B#

#& œ B œB

$#B $<#

"# œ *B# #

œ*

D

#

&#

D

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$ $<

"*B#

B# *

20.

$'D #

22.

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" œ *B#

B# œ *

B# $ 26.

D

&

B

%* œ 'D

#

#

%*B# œ %#

"$B B$ C

#

"$B

(B œ %

('D (B%

"

B *œB œB

33

(# œ 'D

C

#

C

$# $B

C

$

( (B


SECTION 0.5 27.

B#

)B

29.

,#

"!,

31.

7#

#

"' œ B

%B

%œB

%

#& œ ,

&,

&œ,

&

#87

#8

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%78

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#

+#

"#+

$' œ +

'+

'œ+

'

30.

C#

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%* œ C

(C

(œC

(

32.

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)<=

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#

%=

#

#

%=

#

34. "#B# B#

BC "!B

'C # œ %B

$C$B

#C

36.

"!BC (B

$C # œ %B

C#B

$C

"!: + œ ", , œ (, - œ "!

key number œ +- œ ""! œ "! B#

key number œ +- œ "#" œ #" #

B

#

"!B

#" œ B

37.

œ BB œB #

B

%B

(B

$B

( $B (B $

"#: + œ ", , œ

B#

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%, - œ

œ BB ' œ B 'B #

(:

"#

#B #B #

(:

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%; #

$

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#, - œ

(B (

'$

'$

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œ $:#: $ œ #: $$:

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$

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>(

41.

>$

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($ œ >

42.

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43.

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44.

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$

45.

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key number œ +- œ %"# œ %)

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*B

œ BB * œ B *B %; #

*:

$

'$ œ B#

#B

40.

$: + œ ', , œ (, - œ $ œ ':#

"!

#B #

'$: + œ ", , œ

"#

key number œ +- œ ' $ œ ':#

#B

#B

key number œ +- œ " '$ œ B#

B#

&B

œ BB & œ B &B

38.

(

key number œ +- œ " "# œ

"! œ B#

(B

#"

"#

':

)B# B#

#": + œ ", , œ "!, - œ

#"

39.

%=<

œ<

33. 35.

28.

&+% $- 34

(>

%*

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$ $;

#<=

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'D

%=#  * #!+

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"# $


SECTION 0.5 46.

&B$ C $ D $

47.

$B$

48.

%B

49.

#>BC

#&B# C # D #

$B# 'BC #->B

"#&BCD œ &BCDB# C # D #

B

" œ $B# B

"

*C

' œ #B#

$C

$>C

$-> œ >#BC

"B

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$$C #-B

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"$B#

"

# œ $C $C

35

##B

$

$- œ >#BC

-

$C

- œ >C

-#B

$


SECTION 0.5 50.

#+B

%+C

51.

+B

52.

'B# C$

,B

,B +C

#,C œ #+B ,C

+D

$B# C #

")BC

#C

,B

,D œ B+

#C œ B

,

*B œ $B#BC $

C+ 'C

,

#C#+ D+

BC #

,

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$ œ $B#CBC # œ $BBC

#

53.

B#

55.

B

56.

#+

57.

B%

C % œ B#

#

C#

58.

D%

)" œ D #

#

*# œ D #

59.

$B#

C

C

D œ B C DB C D œ B C DB C D

#

#

B

$

#

C œB

C

B

54.

CB

C

B

,B

D#

#

$ œD œD

CœB

#

œ B#

C # B# *D #

% œ $B

)B œ #B*C #

65.

B# #B prime "&

C # œ B#

* œ D#

#B

#

CB

C

$# œ D #

*D

$B$ C

$D

62.

% #$C

#(B#

"# œ $*B#

#

œ $$B

64.

#%+# œ #%+#

#+

66.

B#

$#

B

69.

"#:#

70.

$B#

" "B

#*BC

&):; 'BC

&%+

$&C # œ $B

#$B

*C # œ $B#

#

# Ê prime

')B

*B# œ *B#

')B %B

$#

)

$

(C#B

(!; # œ #':#

"

%

œ *B œ '+

'B#

$

$BC œ $BCB#

"&

67.

$ $

C B CB C B C œ #B #C œ %BC

C# B

*D # 60.

"& Ê

#+

C C

$ œ #+ $ #+ $#+ $ #+ $ œ #+ $ #+ $#+ $ #+ $ œ %+' œ #%+

œ #B$C

63.

$D $D

#

#+

"# œ $B#

")BC #

$

"

C C

œ $BCB 61.

D "BC #

$

$#C

#

C

C

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#BC

68.

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$&; # œ #':

$C # œ $B 36

$CB

"(BC

$&;: C

'C # œ &B

;

'C#B

C


SECTION 0.5 71.

'7#

%(78

72.

"%<#

""<=

"&=# œ

"%<#

""<=

73.

'B$

#$B#

$&B œ

B'B#

#$B

74.

C$

C#

$&8# œ

*!C œ

CC #

'7#

C

%(78

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$&8# œ

"&=# œ $& œ CC

37

(<

B'B

"!C

*

'7

&87

&=#<

$=

(B

&

(8


SECTION 0.5 75.

'B%

""B$

$&B# œ B# 'B#

76.

"#B

"(B#

(B$ œ

77.

B

%

79.

+#8

81. 83.

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#

"& œ B

#+8

&B

$ œ +8

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(B8

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"(B#

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8

8

' œ &C 8

B

80.

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'+8

BB

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$B

) œ +8

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#

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# œ $B8

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8

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$ œ %B8

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86. "'C %8

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87.

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88.

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89.

B

$

C

90.

91.

B

C

$

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C ' œ )+$

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C

#

92.

+'

, ' œ +#

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93.

+$

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+

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94.

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95.

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,#

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C

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$$ œ B

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C # #+

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C $ )+$

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œ #+

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C $ œ )+$

$

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, # +#

+, C

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#

,# &+

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œ C #8 %C 8

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œ C #8 %C

C

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84.

#

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B

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%

78.

82.

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B(B#

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# œ $B8

œ #B

85. "!C #8

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#

+# , #

+

, # =+#

," œ +

Cœ+

C # %B#

#

38

C+

%B# C#

, # +%

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+, &

#

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,#

,%

"

&


SECTION 0.5 œ %B# 96.

D#

'D

*

##&C # œ D

$D

C # "'B% $

%B# C#

C%  #

##&C # œ D $ "&C œ D $ "&CD

31

#

$

"&C


SECTION 0.5 97.

98.

B#

'B

B#

"%%C # œ B

*

*C #

#B

$B

" œ B#

#B

"%%C # œ B œB

$

*C # œ B

"

œB 99.

+

,

#

$+ #

100. #+

,

101. B'

(B$

102. B'

"$B%

103. B%

B#

105. B%

108. B%

&+

"

#&

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,

,

&+

$ œ #+

,

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) œ B$

$'B# œ B# B% " œ B%

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107. %+%

,

"B#

œ B#

"

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BB#

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,

&+

$ œ #+

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œ B#

%

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#

106. C %

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30

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#

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#

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B# BB#

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$

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110. 0 œ "%%

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* œ C%

B

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,

% œ B%

B# BB#

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% œ B# B

B#

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"

B

B

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"

104. B%

B#

$

$C œ B

$' œ B# B#

œ B#

% œ 1<"$ $ %

#

#

"#C "#CB

B#

%B#

% 109. Z œ% 1<$ $ 1< $ " $

"

#

B#

"

œ B#

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B#

"

œ B#

$+# œ %+%

"+

"$B#

#B# #

,

$ $

&

#B

"

+


SECTION 0.5 œ

$

<# <"

1<"

<" <#

<#

111-114. Answers may vary. 115. $B # œ # $B # œ # $ B #

117. BB#

#B

#

%œ#

"

116. &B

$ œ & &B

# #

#

œ # " B#

#B #

B

$ &

%

118. $B $B#

#B

$

œ &B

&œ$

#

&

& ##B

&

$

#

œ $B#

#

#

$

$

31

$

&

B

$


SECTION 0.5 119. +

, œ ++

,

+

121. B

œ +"

+

+

B"Î# œ B"Î# B"

"Î#

B"Î#

#B

#C œ #

# œ ##B

125. +, $Î#

"Î# 

122. B$Î#

127. B#

B

'

128. #B#

&B

129. +%

#+$

BC # +#

#C

124. $+

#+#

+ ,$Î# +, 

126. +, #

133. B$ B#

$, $

"

œ,

+"Î# 

$B

#

CB

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#

, ,

+, $

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,#

$

C

BC

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CB

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+

" œ +# +#

#+

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+

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"+

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+

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+

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$ $

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++ œ œ

32

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œ+

132.

B#!

"+

"

$

" œ +# +

œ B& œ

"+# +

B"Î#

"

+, , "

, œ,

"

131. The number 1 is neither prime nor composite.

"Î#

$

œ+ +$

,

$+

$, œ $

œ $+

#C œ B

"

,

B"Î# œ B"Î# B$Î#

#

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130. +%

œ ,+

œ B"Î# B

+, œ +,, "Î#

, ,

C

+,$Î# +,

+$Î# , œ

, œ ,+

120. +

"

œ B"Î# B"Î#

123. #B

,

+

"(

œ +#

"Î# 


SECTION 0.5 %

+& $

%

+"&

+ # +$ $

135.

$B%∞ B$ 'B # B%

137. #!B 138.

$ $

œ $

!

136. #!B& œ %B% &B œ #B# &B

œ"

"#&B œ %&B

#&&B œ #&B

&&B œ

$ $ * $$ $* $* † œ œ œ$ * $ $ $ $ $ * #(

33

$&B


SECTION 0.6

Exercises 0.6 1. 5.

(page 71) 2. denominator

numerator +-

3. ,-

+.

6.

7. ,.

+. œ

4.

+

8.

-

,-

,

"'B#

$B# † "'B# ?œ%C # † "#C # %)B% Á %)C % NOT EQUAL

#&BCD ? &!+#,œ œ #"#+, #%BCD %<=#

"&<= ?# $(Þ&+

12.

"!+$

'!!B# C # D # Á '!!+$ , $ -

"&!<=# +$ œ "&!<=#

#

+$

NOT EQUAL (+#,

œ

#"+, #

15.

17.

%B

+†(+,

œ œ

$, † (+,

+ $,

#

%B† # œ

( &+ C#

( † &+

)7

)7 "!8 "' œ † œ

$7 ƒ

&8 # "!8 "';

19.

$

"&<=# † "!+$ ? %<=# † $(Þ $ œ &+

? #&BCD † #%BCD "#+, # - † &!+# ,œ

13.

$D

#D

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$B# ? "#C #

10.

? $C † "'B )B † 'C œ %)BC œ %)BC EQUAL 11.

+

,

)B ? "'B œ œ $C 'C %C #

9.

zero

&8

EQUAL (+, †

+

(+,

14.

$ #&;†(:

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$,

%*:% ;

)B œ

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20. 34

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); $+

(: ; †

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œ

);

œ

(: † (:$ ;

#D

)!78 œ

$&;

;

œ

(+ $+ + œ œ

&: %+ œ

œ '; %!:;

(:


SECTION 0.6 &21.

23.

25.

&-

"&B #C

BC#

(+# , $

(+# ,$

#B

%

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B

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% B B#

27.

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$

V V V "

V"

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V V V

$

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#

B B "

# C

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B$

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$

#+, œ ## $+#

B ""

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œ

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B " œ "" B B "

B

C œ # #C#C #

œ C# C#

œ

$+ #

#

+$

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$ B

"

# +#  + œ

"B"

" B

+,

# +

"

B B"

œ $

#

"

œ V# V$ $B œ

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$

+,

œ

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#

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100.

"

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" $B

"

V V V

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99.

V" V# V$ "

œ "

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B

"

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B

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##

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103-106. Answers may vary. 108. If B ! !, then & B$ C # $ 109.

B "C 

110. #(B'  111. #!

#Î$

B !. Then & B

œ

107. Since

"C

B$ C

#

$

Bœ&

œ

B. C$

C# C $ œ

B$ B 

B% 

#

$

C* œ "# B

œ #(#Î$ B'  #Î$œ #("Î$ B"#Î$ œ $# B% œ *B%

%& œ %&

*& œ #&

$& œ

& 44

' ! !,

'œ

' œ '.

$

V$


SECTION 0.6 112. #B#

$#B#

%

& œ #B#

Chapter 0 Review 1.

natural: $, ', )

3.

integers:

',

$, !, $, ',

#%

$#B#

$& œ #B#

)

'B#

"& œ

%B#

(page 75) 2.

whole: !, $, ', )

4.

rational:

',

$, !, " , $, ', )

)

#

45

(


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW $, !, #" , $, 1, &, ', )

5.

irrational: 1, &

6.

real:

7.

prime: $

8.

composite: ', )

9.

even integers:

10.

odd integers:

11.

associative property of addition

12.

commutative property of addition

13.

associative property of multiplication

14.

distributive property

15.

commutative property of multiplication

16.

commutative property of addition

17.

double negative rule 19.

oñqñqñqñqñp

', !, ', )

18.

oñqñqqñqñp ""

20.

"$

"(

"*

'

$ ! BŸ &

$

21.

oqÐïïÓqp íïÑqqÒïî

&

! 22.

23.

Ð #, %Ó

oqÐïïÓqp ∞, # ∩

# % &, ∞

∞, #

íïïïÑqp #

&, ∞ ∞, # ∩

&, ∞

',

oqÐïïïî & oqÐïïÑqp &

#

46

$, $

)

B ! or B !

"! "

"

"#

"%


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW 24.

∞,

% ∪ Ò', ∞Ñ

íïÑqqÒïî % '

25.

Since ' !, ' œ '.

26.

Since

27.

Since "

28.

Since $

"

29.

# ! !, "

distance œ (

#œ #

".

$

& œ "# œ "#

47

#& ! !,

" !,

"œ$

".

#& œ

#& œ #&.


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW 30.

&+$ œ

32.

$>>> œ $>$

34.

&+++

8# 8 % œ 8 #

&+ œ

33.

#,$, œ

35.

%

#

31.

&+ &+ ', #

#$,, œ

# :$  œ :$†# œ :'

œ 8'

36.

$ #

B C

$

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#

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37.

$

+% 

C) %

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,#

%

,#

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38.

$

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œ

39.

:∞ # ; # ;#

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œ +) +$

)

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42.

B# C # 

+ #

43.

+,

#

41.

B# C #

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œ

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$

$B$ C

B# C # C #

#

$B# C

+,

$

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œ

+

C%

#

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 $B#

++$

#

$

#

+%

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 œ ,# ,$  œ ,& 

BC $

C#

#

# ;∞

+ ,$ 

#

C%

48

#

$

œ

œ

+) œ "! ,

C) *

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+%

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,

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CHAPTER 0 REVIEW 44.

#7

#

$

45.

46.

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BC $ 

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B#

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$B$ C 

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48.

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49.

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œ

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%

œ "Þ& ‚ "!"%

52.

"#""Î# œ ""# ""

"Î#

œ

53.

#(

"Î$

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54.

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œ $#"Î& B&  "Î& œ #B

55.

49

)"+% 

œ

$$

&

"Î%

œ )""Î% +% 

"Î$

œ &

"Î%

œ $+

$


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW ",!!!B'

56.

"Î$

œ

",!!!

"Î$ ' "Î$

B

#&B#

57.

"Î#

œ

#&

"Î# # "Î#

B

Ê not a real number

œ "!B#

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58.

B C 

"# "Î#

œ B

-

-

#Î$

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"Î% +$Î%

+

œ B C

œ

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62.

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+

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63.

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 #( )#Î$ "'

67.

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CHAPTER 0 REVIEW $

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œ '#& "'$Î%

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68.

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71.

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B C œB C

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51

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CHAPTER 0 REVIEW 80.

#%B% $ $B% œ $ )B$ $ $B ( ( & $&

$

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#

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)

& 86.

$

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œ

&

&

&&

$$ (B œ

# %*B#

† #

$

90.

2nd degree, trinomial

91.

2nd degree, monomial

92.

4th degree, trinomial

93.

#B

94.

$B# B

"

% œ #B

#BB

$

'

B# B

$B

"# œ &B

# œ $B$

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$B

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# œ *B#

96.

$B

C#B

$C œ 'B#

97.

%+

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'B

*BC "#+,

% œ *B# #BC %+,

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$C # œ 'B# ', # œ )+# 52

" œ & $$ $%$B$

# %*B# #"B œ $ # %*B# $

' 'B

B$

#B# œ #B$

'B 95.

&

œ

3rd degree, binomial

$B

$

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$

89.

$

$

&

$$ (B

$#B

$

&

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88. #B

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&

&

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$

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$

#

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œ œ

87.

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œ

%

#

#&

&

% (BC )+,

$C # ', #

(B#

$


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW $$D #

98.

D

99.

+8

#+8

100. #

B

101. #

"$

102.

$

$

D

" œ $D $

" œ +#8 #

œ#

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#$ *

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+8

B#

#

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D

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B#

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53

)œ$

&


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW

# 103. œ $ "

104. œ

# $ † $ "

#∞∞

t $

#

#$

" œ $ "

#∞∞ œ ∞ $ #

"

$

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œ "#

#$

$ # † $ #

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#

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"

œ

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#

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106.

B

C

B

C

B

C

œ B

C

B

#

B

& "

+

109.

B

&

† B

" + œ œ

+ $B#C

"

+ #

'B#$ C #,

œ

#

œ

107.

108.

# #BB # #BB # œ #œ # B # B #

+ † "

C

B

C

B

C

B# œ

B

# # "# +

#

BC B

#

C

##

%

BC

C

B

#$

C B

œ &B #

#

+ œ

" +

+"

110.

+ +

# $ %+, '+,

% %+ , œ

#B

B#

# '+, $

#, #

#B

C

%

112.

%

#, #

œ #+# , 111.

#

#BC œ

#

B

œ &B #

+"

B

#

" œ

#B #B B œ † B # B #

"

# $

#

œ

105.

œ$

#

$+, #

B$

#B

$

" B&

!B%

B$

' B# "

" #B $

$ #B$

(B#

#B$

$B#

)B

B#

$B#

#B %B#

54

$ )B


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW B&

B$

%B#

#B$ #B$

'B #B $ #B

113. $>$

$> œ $>>#

114. &<$

& œ &<$

115. 'B#

(B

#% œ $B

116. $+#

+B

$+

$ !

" œ $>> " œ &<$ )#B

B œ +$+

$B# $B# $B#

">

"

"$ œ &<

"<#

<

"

$ B

"$+

B œ $+

55

B+

"

#B #B

$ $ '


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW 117. )B$

"#& œ #B

118. 'B#

#!B

119. B#

$

"' œ #$B#

'B "

121. )D $

$%$ œ #D

123. "#"D #

%DB B%

AC

(#D

"%,

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B# %

B #

%B

B

># œ B

"

"(,

#

" œ (,

$

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#D

AC

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B% œ B%

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#

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(>

%

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>

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œ B%

#B#

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B# B%

B#

œ B#

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B# B%

B#

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#

B *

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B# 

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BB

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128. #

œ

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+∞ * +#

A

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BB

#

#

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œ B%

#

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B

"

+ $+ $ œ

'+

+

$># (> % "!> "& #> $> " $> %> " œ † œ

+

$+

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56

%*

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130.

$

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B## %B % B &B ' B #B # B #B $ † œ † œ B #B B # B # B # B #

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129.

131.

$

(# œ #D

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$

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%%D

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œ B%

127.

#B

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" Ê prime

#DA œ #BC

" œ B)

&# œ #B

#B&

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($ œ #D

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#

) œ #$B

$

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%

125. #BC 126. B)

$

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124. '%C $

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120. $B#

122. "

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$

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CHAPTER 0 REVIEW $>

132.

:# (: "# :$ :#

):#

:# * ƒ œ %:

# : (: "#

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57

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CHAPTER 0 REVIEW #

133.

134.

B# B '

#

'

† B

B#

B B

'

# B# ' œ B# B

B# B

B % B#

ƒ

B

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% B# B # #B ' œ † # # B #B "& B & #B

B &

136.

$B

# %

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œ

B

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B

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(

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B

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B

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B & #B "!

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B

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B

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B $ #B $ 

B "B B$ &B# B

B

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œ #B

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$

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138.

#B

#

B #B # %B# 'B "#

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B# B #B "&

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B

œ B

B# #& † B # B#

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B

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B

œ

137.

B

%B & B %B & $B# "!B "! œ B %B & ' &BB # B 'B # œ

B #

$B œ

#

#B $ B &B & B #B " † † œ"

œ

135.

B #

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$

BB

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#

#B "B $ B $B "B # B$ %B# $B B$ $B# #B B "B #B $ B "B #B $

B$B# "#B "" œ B "B #B $ B $B ( #B œ 58

"


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW B

"

B

#

B

#

B " B # B # B B ' œ B " B # BB # B 'B " œ B "B # B #B " &B B# #B B# (B ' œ œ B "B # B "B # B "B #

59

'


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW 139.

$B "

&B $#

B

B B#

$BB "B " &B $B " # BB œ " B# B " B# B "

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$B$ œ B$

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140.

B#∞ %B

$B B "

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B#

B#∞ B

$

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#

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B#

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141.

&B $B# &B #! œ ƒ œ œ # $B

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143.

B

C

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B

144.

B C

C

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"

B

BCB

C B

C

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C

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C

B

 BC " C œ

BCB

œ

" C

C

œ BC " B

BC C

(page 82) (, ", $

odd integers:

3.

commutative property of addition

5.

%! BŸ # Ê

oqÐïïÓqp

B $B # #

B

#B

#

$ B $ $B œ # B # B "

$B C

$B œ C C

'B $B ƒœ œ C

C#

'B

C

#

C

B

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C

B

Chapter 0 Test 1.

B$ "

B# B

C

BC "

B

"&

"

B

BCB BC "

C

BC "

C

C

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)

&B#

B# B

B $B "

$B

&B #

&B$

$B

B# B

#

2.

prime numbers: $

4.

distributive property

6.

Ð ∞,

50

$Ñ ∪ Ò', ∞Ñ Ê

íïÑqqÒïî


CHAPTER 0 REVIEW # "( œ "(

% "( ! !,

7.

Since

9.

distance œ "#

11.

B% B& B# œ B%

"( œ

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1.

add

2.

perimeter

3.

amount

4.

break point

5.

rate, time

6.

!Þ!&$! œ "Þ&

7.

Let B œ the score on the first exam. Then B & œ the score on the midterm, and B "$ œ the score on the final. Sum of scores œ *! $ B B & B "$ œ *! $ $B ") œ *! $ $B ") œ #(! $B œ #&# B œ )% His score on the first exam was 84.

9.

Let B œ the program development score. Sum of scores œ )' % )# *! B () œ )' % B #&! œ )'

8.

Let B œ the score on the first exam. Then her scores on the following tests were B $, B ' and B *. Sum of scores œ '*Þ& % B B $ B ' B * œ '*Þ& % %B ") œ '*Þ& % %B ") œ #() %B œ #'! B œ '& Her score on the first exam was 65%. % %% B B # œ & *% ! The œ program development score was $94.

66


SECTION 1.1 10.

Le shoot 74 on the final round. tB œ the sc or e on the fin al ro un d. S u m o f s c o r e s œ ( # % ( ' ' ) ( ! B œ ( # % B # " % œ ( # % B # " % œ # ) ) B œ ( % Sh 67e ne ed s to


SECTION 1.2 11.

Let B œ the number of locks replaced. %!

#) †

Number of locks

12.

œ #$'

#!

#)B œ #$' #)B œ "*' Bœ ( 7 locks can be changed for $236. Let B œ the width. Then B #' œ the height. Perimeter œ *# #B #B #' œ *# #B #B &# œ *# %B œ %! B œ "! The dimensions are 10 ft by 36 ft.

15.

Perimeter œ "% B

B

16.

œ &'

#!

14.

Let B œ the width. Then B ""& œ the length. Perimeter œ &(! #B #B ""& œ &(! #B #B #$! œ &(! %B œ $%! B œ )& The dimensions are 85 ft by 200 ft.

# œ "% %B % œ "% %B œ "! & " " B œ œ # Ê The width is 2 feet. # # # Total Fence Length œ # † Square Fence Length #

B

B

#% œ # † B B B B %B %) œ )B %) œ %B B œ "# The total fencing required is %B %) œ %"# %) œ *' feet. Total Area œ # † Triangular Area Sum of angles œ ")! 18.

B

17.

Number of interviews

!Þ(& †

!Þ(&B œ &' !Þ(&B œ $' B œ %) He interviewed 48 people.

%!

13.

Let B œ the number of interviews.

#!B

B

#%

B

B

$! œ ")! '! œ ")! $B œ "#! B œ %! The angles measure %!°, (!° and (!°.

" " "'#! "'#! œ # † # # #!B "'! œ $#! #!B œ "'! Bœ )

B

The dimensions are 8 feet by 20 feet.

68

B

$!

B $B


SECTION 1.2 New Area

19.

20.

Old Area

!Þ&! †

Old Area

"#B "! "#B œ "#B "! !Þ&! † "#B "! "#B "#! "#B œ "#B "#! 'B '! #%B "#! œ ")B ")! 'B œ '! B œ "! Ê The length of the living room is B Area œ &% " #

21.

œ

."#

"! œ #! feet.

) œ &% "!. œ &% . œ &Þ% Ê The depth is 5.4 inches

Let B œ the amount invested at 7%. Then ##!!! B œ the amount invested at 6%. Interest at 7% Interest at 6% œ Total interest !Þ!(B !Þ!'##!!! B œ "%#! !Þ!(B "$#! !Þ!'B œ "%#! !Þ!"B œ "!! B œ "!!!! $10,000 was invested at 7% and $12,000 was invested at 6%.

22.

Let B œ the amount invested at 7%. Interest at 7% Interest at 9% œ Total interest !Þ!*#!!!! œ &!!! !Þ!(B ")!! œ &!!! !Þ!(B œ $#!! B ¸ %&("%Þ#* She needs to invest $45,714.29 at 7% to reach her goal. !Þ!(B

23.

Let B œ the amount invested at each rate. Interest at 6% Interest at 7% Interest at 8% œ Total interest !Þ!)B œ #!$( !Þ#"B œ #!$( B œ *(!! $9,700 was invested at each rate, for a total investment of $#*,100. !Þ!'B

!Þ!(B

69


SECTION 1.2 24.

Let B œ the amount invested at 8%. Then $(,!!! Interest at 9 12 % œ Interest at 8%

B œ the amount invested at 9 "#%.

%&#Þ&!

!Þ!*&$(,!!! B œ !Þ!)B %&#Þ&! $&"& !Þ!*&B œ !Þ!)B %&#Þ&! $!'#Þ&! œ !Þ"(&B "(&!! œ B $17,500 is invested at 8% and $19,500 is invested at 9 12%. 25.

Let B œ the number of full-price tickets sold. Then &)& # of

#Þ&! †

# of

"Þ(& †

full-price

B œ the number of student tickets sold.

œ "#"(Þ#&

student

#Þ&!B "Þ(&&)& B œ "#"(Þ#& #Þ&!B "!#$Þ(& "Þ(&B œ "#"(Þ#& !Þ(&B œ "*$Þ&! B œ #&) Ê There were 327 student tickets sold. 26.

Let B œ the cost of a student ticket. Cost of full-price

Cost of

# of full-price

student

# of

œ %*'!

student

B)!! %)! œ %*'! $$'! $#!B œ %*'! $#!B œ "'!! B œ & Ê A student ticket cost $5. Let : œ the original price. 28. Let A œ the wholesale cost. %)!(

27.

Original

Discount œ

price

New

Wholesale

price

cost

!Þ#!: œ '$Þ*' !Þ)!: œ '$Þ*' : œ (*Þ*& The original price was $79.95. Let B œ # of plates for equal costs. Cost of 1st machine

œ

Selling price

!Þ$!A œ &))Þ*! "Þ$!A œ &))Þ*! A œ %&$ The wholesale cost is $453.

:

29.

Markup œ A

30.

Let B œ # of fasteners for equal costs.

Cost of 2nd machine

Cost of 1st machine

$B œ )!! #B B œ #!! The break point is 200 plates. '!!

"#!!

œ

Cost of 2nd machine

!Þ!!&B œ "&!! !Þ!!"&B !Þ!!$&B œ $!! B ¸ )&("%

The break point is about 85,714 fasteners.

70


SECTION 1.2 31.

Let B œ # of computers to break even. Income œ Expenses "#(&B œ )*#& )&!B %#&B œ )*#& B œ #" 21 computers need to be sold to break even.

32.

Let B œ # of meals to break even. Income œ Expenses 'B œ "$(Þ&! %Þ(&B "Þ#&B œ "$(Þ&! B œ ""! More than 110 meals need to be sold to make a profit.

33.

Let B œ days for both working together.

34.

Let B œ hours for both working together.

1 dayin Man

1 dayin Roofer

" ( " #)B

1 day Total in

inCrew 1 hour 1

œ " " œ % B

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"

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Let B œ hours for both working together.

in 1 hour

Man in

œ

"

œ %!B "! B &B %B œ %! *B œ %! %! % Bœ œ% * *

36.

Let B œ days for both hoses to fill the pool.

Total in

1st hose

2nd hose

1 hour

in 1 day

in 1 day

1 hour

" #

"

They can seal the parking lot in 4 49 hours.

6 They can roof the house in 2 11 days.

Woman

1 hour Total in

" œ " œ "! B

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œ #)B  ( % B %B (B œ #) ""B œ #) #) ' Bœ œ# "" ""

35.

in 1 hour Crew 2

" " œ % B

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'B

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œ

Total in 1 day

" " œ # B " œ 'B

"

$B œ % " Bœ

% $

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They can mow the lawn in 1 " hours.

71

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SECTION 1.2 $ #B

#

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72


SECTION 1.2

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