Behaviorism in the Classroom Brittney G. McCarey College of Education, Grand Canyon University ECE- 130: Educational and Developmental Psychology for Early Childhood Educators Brown, Phillip
Overview • Definition of Behaviorism • Behavioral Theorists/Theories • Examples of Behavior Management Systems • Integrating Behavior Management Systems • Differentiation for Special Needs Students • Differentiation for Students From Diverse Cultural Backgrounds • Differentiation for Students with Differing Family Dynamics • Ensuring Appropriateness and Human Values • Conclusion/ Call for Action
Definition of Behaviorism • Behaviorism is a theory that says our behaviors are learned through interactions with the environment. It emphasizes that our actions are influenced by the things around us (Cherry, 2022). • Behaviorism is highly relevant in behavior management in the classroom as it focuses on the idea that behaviors can be shaped and modified through environmental factors (Postholm, 2016).
Behavioral Theorists/Theories • John B. Watson was a behaviorist who believed that all behavior is learned though conditioning. He emphasized the importance of observable behavior and the role of the environment in shaping behavior. • B. F. Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning focuses on how behavior is influenced by consequences. He suggested that behavior is strengthened through reinforcement and weakened through punishment. • In the Early Childhood classroom, these theories can be applied by using positive reinforcement, such as praise or rewards, to encourage desired behaviors like listening, sharing, or participating in activities. • Teachers can also use punishment sparingly and consistently for behaviors that need to be discouraged, such as hitting or disruptive behavior.
Examples of Behavior Management Systems The use of “skill and drill” exercises, praise for correct responses, and providing prizes for good performance are all examples or reinforcement-based behaviorism in education. For younger children, simple and immediate reinforcement, such as verbal praise or small rewards may be more effective. As students get older, behavior management systems can become more complex, involving goal-setting, self-monitoring, and delayed reinforcement. Older students may also benefit from more intrinsic motivators, such as recognition or opportunities for autonomy.
Integrating Behavior Management Systems • Behavior management systems can be integrated into the classroom and teaching practice by using principles of behavioral psychology. • This includes techniques such as positive reinforcement, shaping behavior through successive approximations, and implementing consequences for misbehavior.
Integrating Behavior Management Systems Pros
Cons
• Behavior management systems can create a positive and supportive classroom environment, enhancing student engagement and learning
• Implementing and maintaining behavior management systems can be time-consuming and requiring ongoing effort from teachers
• These systems provide clear guidelines and expectations for behavior, helping students understand what is expected of them
• Different students may respond differently to e hagiography management strategies, requiring personalized approaches to meet their needs
• Behavior management systems promote consistency in addressing and managing student behavior, which can lead to a more predictable and stable learning environment
• Some behavior management systems focus too heavily on compliance rather than fostering intrinsic motivation and critical thinking skills
• These systems an help students develop important social and emotional skills, such as self-regulation, problem-solving, and empathy
• In some cases, behavior management systems that rely heavily on punishment or rewards may inadvertently reinforce negative behaviors or create a reliance on external rewards
Differentiation for Special Needs Students Behavior management systems for students with special needs can be differentiated by considering their individual strengths, challenges, and learning styles. For example, visual supports like schedules or token boards can be used to help students with autism spectrum disorders. Providing clear and consistent expectations , using positive reinforcement, and offering sensory breaks or accommodations can address their unique needs
Differentiation for Students from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds Behavior management systems can be tailored to address the cultural backgrounds of students by incorporating culturally responsive strategies. This involves understanding and respecting students’ cultural norms, values, and communication styles, as well as incorporating culturally relevant content and activities into the classroom. It also includes providing opportunities for students to share their cultural experiences and perspectives
Examples of culturally responsive strategies include using cooperative learning structures that promote collaboration and community-building, incorporating diverse literature and resources that reflect students’ cultural backgrounds, and implementing restorative justice practices that focus on repairing harm and building relationships Creating a supportive and inclusive classroom environment where students feel valued and respected is crucial in addressing their cultural backgrounds
Differentiation for Students with Differing Family Dynamics Behavior management systems can be adapted for students with varying family dynamics by considering the unique needs and circumstances of each student. This may involve collaborating with families to develop individualized behavior plans, providing support and resources for families facing challenges, and being flexible in implementing strategies that align with different family dynamics
Examples 1. Culturally responsive practices that respect and value the diverse backgrounds and experiences of students and their families 2. Collaborative problem-solving, involving students, families, and educators in decision-making processes 3. Differentiated strategies that consider the specific needs and strengths of each student 4. Positive reinforcement and rewards that are meaningful and motivating for all students 5. Building strong relationships and fostering a sense of belonging for all students, regardless of their family dynamics
Ensuring Appropriateness and Human Values To ensure that behavior management systems respect students’ human value, and dignity through a Christian Worldview, it is important to prioritize love, respect, and empathy in interactions with students. This means treating students as unique individuals created in the image of God, valuing their worth and promoting their holistic development
Examples 1. Providing opportunities for self-reflection and self-expression 2. Encouraging students to set and pursue personal goals 3. Promoting a growth mindset 4. Creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment where students feel safe to take risks and learn from their mistakes 5. Incorporating character education and teaching values such as integrity, compassion, and gravitated can contribute to students’ personal growth
Conclusion Behaviorism is a theory of learning that emphasizes the role of conditioning and the environment in shaping behavior. It focuses on observable behaviors and does not consider internal mental states. Behaviorism has had a significant impact on psychology and is used in various fields, including education and mental health. It has also faced criticism for neglecting factors such as free will and internal influences.
References Cherry, MSEd. (2022, November 7). What Is Behaviorism? (Susman, PhD, Ed.). Very Well Mind . Retrieved January 31, 2024, from https://www.verywellmind.com/behavioral-psychology-4157183 https://www.redbubble.com/i/sticker/B-F-Skinner-Psychology-Pioneer-by-LegendaryCreatke/ 140984095.EJUG5 Postholm, M. (2016) Experienced Teachers Reflecting on Challenging Situations in School. Creative Education, 7, 1314-1327. doi: 10.4236/ce.2016.79136. Psychology, P. (2023, September 20). John B. Watson (Psychologist Biography). Practical Psychology. https://practicalpie.com/john-b-watson/ Verywell / Jiaqi Zhou