Spring 2013

Volume XX Number 2 Spring 2013 A Community-Based Magazine About Latinos at Ohio State

How Readers Connect Gay Chicago Writers on Amazon.com Summer, Sutures, and South America NAFTA’s Effect on Sex Trafficking in the Americas

MICHAEL FLORES

Octopus Intelligence Research 20

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Becoming Part of the Larger Conversation

Esquina del Editor

By Theresa Rojas, Editor, ¿Qué Pasa, OSU? and PhD Student, Department of English

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Since our last publication, which featured an interview with musician Sixto Rodriguez, subject of the film Searching for Sugar Man, the film was nominated for and won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. In addition, the film Inocente, which tells the story of a then 15-year-old homeless Latina artist and her struggle to reconcile her family situation and the constant threat of deportation while cultivating her promising art career, won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. Inocente was screened late last year at OSU’s Multicultural Center during their Latino Film Series—prior to the nomination.

I mention these two documentaries and their recent international recognition because I was exposed to these films, Rodriguez’s music, and Inocente’s art, here at Ohio State. I was so moved by Inocente that I borrowed the film and screened it for my English class where the theme for the semester was life narrative. A number of my students subsequently chose to write a critical response to the film for extra credit.

This semester I screened Searching for Sugar Man in my class that focuses on Latino iconography in popular culture. This gave me a chance to engage my students in a discussion both about the sundry ways that Latinos are making a mark on the world, and also how Ohio State affords us opportunities to participate in conversations that extend far beyond the boundaries of our campus.

This issue showcases the talent and vision of a broad range of contributors across disciplines and geographic boundaries, who are involved in work with far-reaching implications. With this issue, we welcome our newest staff writer, Anthony Wiggins, a junior majoring in biology at the Center for Life Sciences Education. Anthony’s strong writing and enthusiasm for taking on diverse projects makes him an excellent addition to the magazine. Further, Anthony exhibits a robust dedication to fellow undergraduates working in STEM fields.

Our cover story features Michael Flores and his work on octopus intelligence research.

Flores, a native of San Juan, Texas is a student majoring in marine science in the School of Environment and Natural Resources. His story combines the gripping account of his cutting-edge research, with the challenges of leaving home and living in the Midwest.

Our faculty profile highlights Dr. Ana Puga from the Departments of Theater and Spanish and Portuguese. Dramaturg, translator, and now Fulbright Scholar, Dr. Puga, will be spending a year in Mexico working on her project Staging Immigrant Suffering.

Our student profile follows the story of biology major Stephany Chicaiza whose family in Ecuador provides a great deal of encouragement and support for her work at OSU. Chicaiza’s research has earned her a return invitation to present her work at the Denman Undergraduate Research Forum.

Doug Bush, 2012-2013 LASER/ Humanities Fellow, shares his dissertation work on gay Chicano writers and how his research prompted an exploration of ways in which readers connect gay Chicano writers on Amazon.com. His work on writers Alex Espinoza, Rigoberto González, and Manuel Muñoz suggests the potential for using Amazon as a powerful marketing tool for emerging writers.

Melissa Zepeda and Jane Newland bring us the story of El Pueblo, the first-year Latino cohort, and their successful inaugural year.

El Pueblo represents a new generation of OSU Latinos who recognize the critical importance of working together as a community, sharing experiences, and building on their collective strengths.

Tomás Moreno-Vasquez, a junior in the Departments of Economics, Psychology, and Neuroscience discusses his work on education reform and smoking cessation research while master’s student Ben Delgado introduces us to the OSU Urban Arts Space Idea Lab and opportunities for hands-on project support for innovative concepts. Junior Alexandra Dulin shares her compelling story of working in Hospital Santa Rita in Porto Alegre, Brazil for six weeks under the tutelage of a surgical oncologist.

With the furor of an election year behind us, Francisco-Xavier Gómez-Bellengé reflects on the importance of Latinos and the 2012 presidential election. His piece is punctuated by the work of Lalo Alcaraz, whose comics have appeared in the New York Times, the Village Voice, the L.A. Times, Variety, Hispanic Magazine, and Latina Magazine, among others. Alcaraz who generously gave us permission to use his comic, is the creator of the first nationally syndicated, politically-themed Latino daily comic strip La Cucaracha.

In the Creative Corner, Indra Leyva shares her digital art piece, Walking Pies, and for the first time, we feature a father-daughter team of artists. PhD candidate and poet Mauricio Espinoza (Spanish and Portuguese) collaborates with his daughter, 14-year-old artist Jordan Espinoza, for the poem and accompanying illustration Flight and Dream.

Juan Mendoza’s conversation with Charles Lockwood, Dean of the College of Medicine and Vice President for Health Sciences brings to light a commitment to diversity and public engagement, while Colleen Durfee’s piece on NAFTA’s effect on Sex Trafficking in the Americas raises critical questions about a growing culture of exploitation.

History PhD student, Leticia Wiggins contributes a piece honoring her lifelong love of radio that has been cultivated not only by growing up listening to NPR, but also through her internship at WOSU radio.

Anthony Wiggins’ interview with comedian Marga Gomez, who performed at this year’s Q-Pid Comedy and Dance Extravaganza, focuses on Gomez’s mining of personal experience and history as fuel for her art.

Verónica Betancourt, PhD Student in Arts Administration, Education, and Policy connects us with the work of her mother, children’s book author and illustrator, Lulu Delacre. Delacre’s groundbreaking work celebrates Latino cultural heritage through innovative storytelling.

We end this issue with congratulations to our Autumn 2012 graduates, and a bilingual review of the Los Guachos Taquería. On the back cover we showcase Ohio State Marion Homecoming King, Gonzalo Adriazola with one of several billboards promoting OSU in the Marion area.

Con amor,

Theresa Rojas

Editor Theresa Rojas Designer & Photo Editor Emily Strouse Editorial Consultant Indra Leyva

Volume XX Number 2 Spring 2013

Staff Writer Anthony Wiggins

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Faculty Profile Ana Elena Puga Love of Journalism Leads to a Career in Theater

By Theresa Rojas Student Profile Stephany Chicaiza Finding Support in Distant Family Ties

By Anthony Wiggins “Customers Also Bought…”

How Readers Connect Gay Chicano Writers on Amazon.com

By Doug Bush El Pueblo The First Year Latino Cohort

By Melissa Zepeda and Jane Newland Education Reform and Smoking Cessation Research Parental Lessons Lead to Inquiry in Action

By Tomás Moreno-Vasquez Idea Lab Supporting Diverse Creative Development at OSU

By Ben Delgado Summer, Sutures, and South America A Brazilian Surgical Oncology Internship

By Alexandra Dulin We Decide.

Latin@s and the 2012 Presidential Election

By Francisco-Xavier Gomez-Bellengé Disfrutando y Trabajando A Photo Gallery Creative Corner Indra Leyva, Mauricio Espinoza, Jordan Espinoza

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“The More Diverse the Team, the Better the Thinking” A Conversation with Charles J. Lockwood

By Juan D. Mendoza Northern In-Hospitality NAFTA’s Effect on Sex Trafficking in the Americas

By Colleen Durfee

On the cover: Into the Ocean Caring for Marine Life Leads Michael Flores to Octopus Intelligence Research

By Yolanda Zepeda

Enamored with Radio WOSU Internship Fosters a Lifelong Love

By Leticia Wiggins Marga Gomez 2013 Q-Pid Comedian Draws from Life Experience to Fuel Performances

By Anthony Wiggins Arroz con Leche An Interview with Children’s Book Author/ Illustrator Lulu Delacre

By Verónica Betancourt Noticias ¿Qué Pasa, OSU? Recognizes Excellence at OSU Autumn 2012 Graduates

Food Review Los Gauchos Taquería Expanded Location Accommodates Bustling Taco Business

By Doug Bush and Indra Leyva

Editorial Board Jose Cabral, Chair Frederick Luis Aldama Francesca Amigo Normando Caban Jeff Cohen Ignacio Corona Andrea Doseff Francisco-Xavier Gómez-Bellengé Indra Leyva Victor Mora Patricia Palominos-Dunaeff Abril Trigo Fernando Unzueta Yolanda Zepeda, Ex Officio Contributors Lalo Alcaraz Verónica Betancourt Doug Bush Stephany Chicaiza Ben Delgado Alexandra Dulin Colleen Durfee Jordan Espinoza Mauricio Espinoza Marga Gomez Francisco-Xavier Gomez-Bellengé Indra Leyva Juan D. Mendoza Tomás Moreno-Vasquez Jane Newland Ana Elena Puga Leticia Wiggins Melissa Zepeda The Office of Diversity and Inclusion publishes ¿Qué Pasa, OSU? each autumn and spring semester and publishes a special graduation issue in the summer. ¿Qué Pasa, OSU? is produced in collaboration with the Hispanic Oversight Committee.

The Ohio State University is not responsible for the content and views of this publication. The publication does not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the staff and Editorial Board.

All submissions for publications must include the name and phone number or e-mail address of those responsible for the submissions. ¿Qué Pasa, OSU? reserves the right to refuse any submission for publication.

For questions and inquiries, please contact quepasa@osu.edu.

Note: We use the term "Latinos" to represent both Latino and Latina.

All photos by Emily Strouse unless otherwise noted.

Spring Semester 2013

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Ana Elena Puga Love of Journalism Leads to a Career in Theater

By Theresa Rojas, Editor, ¿Qué Pasa, OSU? and PhD Student, Department of English

Faculty Profile

PHOTO PROVIDED BY VICTOR ESPINOSA

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Newly minted Fulbright Scholar, Dr. Ana Elena Puga holds a joint appointment in the departments of Theater and Spanish and Portuguese where she is noted for her work on aesthetics and politics in Latin American and US Latino performance. “The wonderful joint appointment that I now enjoy, between Theatre and Spanish and Portuguese has turned out to be a good fit for me. The most rewarding part is feeling like a bit of a bridge in which I help folks from Theatre and SPPO come together.”

Puga will be spending a year in Mexico working on her project Staging Migrant Suffering. She notes, “Since immigration reform is in the works now, this research feels extremely urgent and the [Fulbright] award could not have been more timely.”

Puga is also a translator and dramaturg. She explains: “Dramaturgy is the art of creating the intellectual climate for the reception of a work. The dramaturg works as a kind of consultant to a theater and to a director. She or he may be involved in a wide range of activities: translating plays, promoting their production, helping the director arrive at a production concept, making suggestions during rehearsals,

writing program notes, and organizing events such as exhibits or post-show discussions or symposiums around the themes raised by a production, among other things.”

Originally from Chicago, Puga “grew up about a block from Wrigley Field. I was a Cubs fan from an early age but the constant disappointment led me to give it up later in life. I also always had a transnational connection to Mexico – especially Guadalajara, where my mother is from, and Guanajuato, where my grandfather had a magical garden with eight guacamayas and a little room full of cages in which my mother’s stepmom kept a total of 80-some different varieties of Australian parakeets. Between the birds and the swing my grandfather set up for me on the branch of a tall tree, I was pretty much in heaven there.”

Ana Puga began her career as a journalist. She recalls, “When I was a kid, my father would bring all the newspapers home every day: the Tribune, the Daily News, and the Sun-Times. I loved reading everything from Ann Landers to the political opinion columns, especially Mike Royko and his slashes at our very own Chicago cacique, Mayor Richard J. Daley. Also, my parents didn’t have much money to travel, so I wanted a career that would finance my craving to see the world. My dream was to be a foreign correspondent on an expense account. For a while, I was. My journalism jobs took me to Caracas (no expense account), Dallas (limited expenses, since I mostly covered the suburbs of Dallas), Tokyo (better expense account), Mexico City (best expense account), Boston, and Washington, DC, oddly enough in that order.”

It was journalism that led Puga to theater.

“I loved the drama of street life, from celebrations of ethnic roots to urban guerrilla warfare, all of which I later found out can be studied with theoretical frameworks developed in the field of performance studies.

Political protest, and political repression, has always fascinated me, ever since I read Royko’s account of how Black Panther Fred

Hampton was assassinated during an FBI raid, and of how that murder was covered up with what I now recognize as theatrical strategies.”

Puga is the co-founder of La Micro Theater. She explains, “It’s a theater company that I founded along with some friends when I was just out of graduate school. Having our own company was a huge learning experience, since we had to start it from the ground up. I would highly recommend to young people interested in staging work, their own or others, that if there is work that they would like to see staged but can’t get staged that they produce it themselves. As Judy Garland and Mickey Rooney said: ‘Let’s put on a show!’”

Puga’s favorite part of her current work is “teaching students who are genuinely interested in learning and in sharing their experiences and ideas – both undergrads and grad students.” She also loves “going off into the field to talk to people about what is happening in their lives. Besides talking to folks, through participant-observation ethnography I can better understand their experience of the world. At the moment, for instance, I am on leave from teaching in order to conduct research in shelters for migrants who are mostly undocumented and mostly from Central America. I volunteer in the shelters, participate in daily life there, yet also do interviews and take notes on the side. This is a great way to learn more about various performative strategies for representing migrant suffering and defending migrant rights. Recently, for instance, my research in the shelters has involved sweeping and mopping floors, cleaning refrigerators, helping a very old woman in her wheelchair drink her atole, participating in a Baptist prayer service, attending a Catholic mass, and interpreting for an Englishspeaking migrant who was robbed and doesn’t speak Spanish.”

For students considering studying theater, she says, “Major in engineering. Just kidding. Seriously, it’s not such a terrible risk. There is a ‘real world’ in the world of theatre and of performance more broadly construed.” Puga’s work demonstrates just a few of those rich possibilities.

Stephany Chicaiza Finding Support in Distant Family Ties Transitioning to the college lifestyle is rarely seamless; and when one’s family lives in a different country, the experience can be daunting. Originally from Ecuador, junior biology major Stephany Chicaiza finds support in her family, even though they live thousands of miles away. “I have always been close with my family and they always tell me how much they support what I am doing,” says Chicaiza. “Being separated from my support system has made it difficult at times, but I’ve found that keeping myself busy and surrounded by great friends has helped tremendously.”

Chicaiza fortunately finds time to visit her family in Ecuador. She realizes that adapting to cultural differences between one country and the other is not always easy: “One of the biggest adjustments has always been the language. Juggling both languages proficiently is difficult but completely worth it.

Many people ask me what language I think in before I actually speak. Most of the time it is English, but there are times that I can only think in Spanish.”

Along with managing and maintaining her language skills, Chicaiza enjoys the different atmosphere of her home away from Columbus: “I think that in Ecuador there is a huge emphasis on family gatherings and just enjoying life. Every time I go I feel relaxed because that’s the type of energy surrounding me. There is always music and amazing fresh food. Even my diet takes a hit and I end up feeling healthier on my way back to the US.” A pre-med student in the Biology Department, Chicaiza embraces time with her family, and her parents fully support her academic endeavors. She notes, “Both of them are thrilled that I am pursuing my dream to become a doctor. However, I would say my mother is my all-time cheerleader, she’s been my role model and I owe all of my accomplishments to her.”

Chicaiza, whose mother and father have PhDs in plant science and crop science respectively, credits her interest in the sciences to her parents. “I was interested in biology mostly because I grew up with two parents who are scientists,” she says, “Since the age of five, I can remember going with my mom to the lab and just observing what she did. I always wanted to help. From that

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point on, I looked to focus on the sciences.”

Chicaiza quickly learned that the biological sciences are applicable to many other disciplines: “I feel that many of the most significant environmental, medical, and social problems in today’s world have a biological aspect to them. That is what motivates me to learn more.”

Chicaiza used this motivation to pursue research opportunities early in her career at OSU. She recalls, “I began research at OSU at the end of my freshman year. That summer I had been accepted as an intern at The Wilds in Cumberland, Ohio. Prior to going there I had to set up a proposal and go through all the steps necessary to get the funding for my research. Even though it wasn’t easy, it was worth it. Once I was there I started working immediately with my research advisor Dr. Karen Goodell. Throughout that summer I learned and gained a lot of respect for research. I found it takes a lot of patience, because most of the time things won’t turn out the way you originally intended.

You have to find solutions and always ask questions. It is a constant learning process of reading articles and talking to specialists in that field because that’s what helps you progress in research.” Chicaiza took advantage of her research experience to present at the Denman Undergraduate Research Forum at OSU. “After that summer I was able to present my sophomore year at the Denman. That experience led me to do research again, this time with the Chemistry Department. This research was different in the sense that everything was in the lab.

My topic for the most recent Denman is the synthesis of a small peptide model of acetylcholinestenase. With this research, I was able to assist Dr. Ozlem Dogan-Ekici in making these small peptide models. The work was a lot more tedious and following directions was critical to having the correct end-product. Again, patience played a big role. Although research can be demanding, it is also very rewarding. You feel very accomplished when you can finally go and present your work to others.”

Balancing time between her academic and social life is an important part of her college experience, and her interests translate well to life at OSU. “Dancing is something

I have always loved doing just for fun. I had never taken any classes prior to coming to Ohio State. However, there are a few clubs on campus that have opened my eyes to different types of dance. One of the clubs is called Dance Sport. You can actually learn ballroom dances and go to compete if you really want to. Learning actual technique is hard but it’s a blast because most of the people there are also just starting out,” she says. She also finds time at the RPAC to continue gymnastics, a sport she’s enjoyed since her youth.

Chicaiza draws from past experience to advise future Latino students at Ohio State, particularly those interested in the sciences: “Pursuing a biology major means you really have to prepare for the workload that you are going to get. Going to college in general is a great responsibility, but at the same time it’s an amazing experience. Being able to juggle a major like biology with everything else in your life is important. That’s why I think that time-management is the key to a successful college career. There will be times that you have six assignments due the following week, so waiting to do it the night before won’t benefit you whatsoever.

Every science course that you take builds upon prior classes. Taking the time to learn the material will help you understand future classes. In the end I believe that if it is something you truly enjoy, you will do great.”

Spring Semester 2013

Student Profile

By Anthony Wiggins, ¿Qué Pasa OSU? Staff Writer and Junior, Center for Life Sciences Education

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“Customers Also Bought…”

How Readers Connect Gay Chicano Writers on Amazon.com

By Doug Bush, PhD Candidate, Department of Spanish and Portuguese

Whether for school or pleasure, many of us have become accustomed to buying our books online. Indeed, I normally turn to Amazon.com first because I can find virtually anything I’m looking for, many times in a variety of formats (physical copy, Kindle edition, used, etc.), and they arrive quickly. Sometimes I find things that I wasn’t looking for, thanks to dynamic search results that display what other customers who purchased my item also bought. While many online book retailers display lists of items frequently purchased together, Amazon is unique in displaying how individual authors are connected through customer purchases. When I buy a work such as Rigoberto González’s Butterfly Boy, my previous purchases influence which authors the next customer sees on González’s Author Page. For researchers like myself, these connections offer not only a unique opportunity to see how readers connect authors, but they also provide new ways of approaching longer standing research questions.

I came to my current project hoping

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to uncover how gay Chicano authors have formed authorial communities and shared identities, much like their Chicana Feminist counterparts have done over the past several decades. Chicanas saw their voices shut out of the broader Chicano movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which is why they worked together to create a space to express their subjectivities. This was particularly important for queer Chicanas who did not see themselves reflected in broader feminist or queer movements, including now well-known names such as Cherríe Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa.

As other researchers have explained, gay Chicano writers did not follow the same path as Chicana feminists, and have been subject to some harsh criticism because of it. In her seminal essay “Queer Aztlán,” Moraga writes that her queer brothers were able to hide behind their gender and thus still the dominant voices in the Chicano community. Here, she cites well-known Chicano authors Arturo Islas and Richard Rodriguez as particular examples. While we can debate Moraga’s reasoning, it was not until the late 1990s that gay Latino authors began to create the sorts of unifying collections that Chicana and other feminists of color had produced almost two decades earlier in This Bridge Called My Back (1981) and Cuentos: Stories By Latinas (1983).

Nevertheless, even considering these works, which include Bésame Mucho (1999) and Virgins, Guerrillas and Locas (1999), as late as 2010, Rigoberto González wrote that gay Latinos have still not formally coalesced into the coherent community that their Chicana counterparts did decades earlier.

In my current project, I want to move beyond the idea of gay Chicano authors creating literary communities and identities, and instead focus on the role of the reader. I move past the established generation of gay Chicano authors, including

Arturo Islas, Rigoberto Rodriguez, John Rechy, and Michael Nava, and toward the next generation—Alex Espinoza, Rigoberto González, and Manuel Muñoz—who have all published mostly within the past decade.

Espinoza released his first novel, Still Water Saints, in 2007, and his second, The Five Acts of Diego León in March of 2013. Muñoz has published two very well received collections of short stories, Zigzagger (2003) and The Faith Healer of Olive Avenue (2007), and the recent novel What You See in the Dark (2011). González, meanwhile, may be the most prolific gay Latino author of his age.

His works include collections of poetry, short stories, a novel, an autobiography, children’s books and novels for gay Latino adolescents, with two more titles slated for release in 2013. His most well-known work is the autobiography Butterfly Boy (2006), which is also consistently his best-selling book on Amazon, and one of the few gay Chicano biographical works on the market.

While González and Muñoz in particular have been far more open in expressing their sexualities in their literature than many of the earlier generation of gay Chicano authors, they still have not formally coalesced into the same type of community as the Chicana Feminists. Instead of rehashing this point, this project instead turns toward the reader, and how they may form communities of authors. Amazon. com is critical in this research because it offers a world of insight that we have never had before. When looking up a book, the website displays of list of books under “Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought,” while author pages list connected writers under “Customers Also Bought Items By.” Our buying patterns decide these rankings—if I purchase Sandra Cisneros’ best-selling The House on Mango Street and later buy Muñoz’s Zigzagger, my clicks help determine how the next customer sees these authors connected.

I decided to focus solely on Amazon for a number of reasons: it is now the largest bookseller in the country, it offers a wealth of insight into buying patterns, and importantly, the company does not position books based on who published them. In a traditional store such as Barnes

& Noble, Espinoza’s Still Water Saints, published by Random House, would have an obvious advantage in positioning over González’s novel Crossing Vines, printed by the University of Oklahoma Press. In fact, we would probably be hard-pressed to find Crossing Vines in any of these types of large chains. In this sense, Amazon has acted as a great equalizer where the idea of the cybercommunity—readers connecting with other readers online—has become far more important than the power of publishers.

To see how readers have connected Espinoza, González, and Muñoz, I tracked the names of the 16 authors appearing under their “Customers Also Bought Items By” list for four months in late 2012.

As I do not have access to precise sales data, I assumed that the rankings were strongly correlated to sales—while the names appearing at the top of the list tended to be static, there was much more movement toward the bottom of the list.

I assigned each a weighting according to their position on the list, and the number of times that they appeared across the 16 weeks that I collected data. It would be preferable to obtain data over a longer period of time, but this is an ongoing project that hopes to capture the dynamics of continuing consumer habits. Overall, the results not only revealed that readers do indeed connect Espinoza, González and Muñoz, but also offered keen insights in the Latina/o book market in general. I want to note that it was more difficult to arrive at conclusions from Espinoza’s data, perhaps because he has published only one novel to this point. I expect his results to become far more dynamic after the release of Diego Leon.

It appears that readers have formed some type of cybercommunity of these three authors even though they have not formally worked together in a collection like Chicana Feminist works Cuentos or This Bridge. Muñoz was highest weighted author on Espinoza’s list, and ranked third for González. González ranked fifth on Muñoz’s list, and appeared on Espinoza’s list during the final data collection point. If we compare these results to the first generation of gay Chicano authors, we see a fascinating change: there are few links among the most prominent names of this generation, including Islas, Rodriguez, Rechy, and Nava. It does not yet appear that readers are connecting these two generations— while Islas appears on both the lists of

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Muñoz and Espinoza, others are noticeably absent. However, readers are connecting Espinoza, González and Muñoz with other queer artists, Latina/o and not, including Daniel Alarcón, Leslea Newman, Alicia Gaspar de Alba, and Edwidge Danticat.

An important question for further investigation is why readers are making these cross-ethnic queer connections, but not cross-generational gay Chicano ones.

While I primarily collected data on Espinoza, González and Muñoz, the results also offered some interesting insights into the Latina/o book market as a whole.

Analyzing this market can be difficult because it is hard to come by exact sales figures. For example, we know that Sandra Cisneros and Junot Díaz are best-selling authors, but how do others fit in? During my tracking of Amazon’s top 20 entries of “Hispanic American Best Sellers,” Cisneros’ Mango Street and Díaz’s Oscar Wao and This Is How You Lose Her had a lock on the top three positions, while other familiar names such as Cristina García and Julia Álvarez typically rounded out the top 10. The only book by a new author that consistently appeared on this list was Justin Torres’ We the Animals, released in 2011. Perhaps not surprisingly, both González and Muñoz were very strongly connected to these top selling authors and overall, most of the authors on their lists, as well as Espinoza’s, were other Latino artists. Here is where we see an interesting divide: Latina/o top-sellers, including Cisneros, Díaz and García, are also connected to other Latina/o authors, but also to well-known names such as Toni Morrison, Louise Erdrich, and Alice Munro.

This likely shows that they have achieved cross-cultural, mass market appeal, something that has so far eluded lesser known authors such as Espinoza, González, and Muñoz. The data suggests that those who buy the books of the authors that I focus on, at least on Amazon, are probably more avid readers of Latina/o literature, and not the general public.

Unfortunately, the data collected for the list of books in “Customers Who Bought This Item Also Purchased” was far less conclusive and because of this, I ultimately decided not to use it. Here, Muñoz’s top connections were frequently to his own works, Butterfly Boy’s were to other queer biographies, while there was little discernible pattern in Still Water Saints. A possible explanation is that the list of authors looks at wider relationships—connections between the many books of each author—while the

list of books is limited to buying patterns between specific titles. It may also be preferable to use the list of authors because it is less likely to influence customer decisions.

Midway through the study period, Amazon moved this feature from the bottom of each book page to the individual author page, meaning that fewer customers are likely to see it. In this way, the list of authors becomes less circular in nature—customers are less likely to click on author names because they’re on the list, thus reinforcing the names already there.

The implications of this emerging gay Chicano cybercommunity of authors are especially important for new writers.

Instead of working from outside of a disconnected canon, new authors may be able to use the connections that readers have formed between Espinoza, González, and Muñoz, as well as others, to position themselves within the market. Much of this will depend upon how Amazon continues to collect and interpret our purchasing habits and, of course, what sorts of books these authors continue to write.

Doug Bush is a 2012-13 LASER/Humanties Fellow. His dissertation, “Selling a Feeling: New Approaches Toward Recent Gay Chicano Authors and their Audience” uses narrative and cognitive theory to explore how readers connect with the works of Alex Espinoza, Rigoberto González, and Manuel Muñoz.

Spring Semester 2013

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El Pueblo The First Year Latino Cohort

By Melissa Zepeda, Junior, Department of Comparative Studies and Jane Newland, Sophomore, Department of Spanish and Portuguese This fall, The Ohio State University’s Multicultural Center started a First Year Latino Cohort.

The idea behind the cohort is to create and cultivate a community environment that many upperclassmen and alumni desired when they were freshmen. As a result of this group, incoming Latino students no longer need to struggle to find friends who share their cultural background and interests. From day one on campus, they have the option of becoming part of a close-knit Latino Community When Indra Leyva, Intercultural Specialist at the Multicultural Center and founder of El Pueblo, first approached us to be co-leaders of this group, we were eager to do so. How could we say no to joining a team that helps new students find their way around campus while simultaneously helping to mold the cohort for future generations of Latino students? We simply couldn’t.

Our initial goal was use our experiences as the basis for creating an abundance of highly accessible resources for first year Latinos. Within this mission, we wanted to cultivate flexibility by keeping the changing and multifaceted needs of this group in mind.

We developed a custom curriculum as we went along, relying on the expectations and active participation of members.

During El Pueblo’s first semester, we invited guest speakers to share advice about different opportunities and resources around campus. Additionally, we hosted fun events for the cohort, such as showing cultural films sponsored by Alpha Psi Lambda through their “Cine Latino” series. We encouraged students to get better acquainted with our campus via activities such as a scavenger hunt around the Ohio Union.

Since the first meeting of the cohort, community service has played an important role in bringing us together. By the end of the first semester, we hand assembled and donated fleece tie blankets to the local YWCA

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Women’s Center, calling our service project “Bundle Up.” We also donated handmade and newly bought hats, scarves, and mittens for the cold winter months that were quickly approaching. Witnessing these students dedicate so much time and effort to creating and donating needed goods demonstrates how devoted we are to giving back to the community and doing so as a united group of growing citizen-scholars. To a person, the members of El Pueblo are eager to make a difference. We have a great deal to offer not only to OSU’s Latino community, but also to the larger university and surrounding community.

Leading El Pueblo has been as much of a learning experience for us as coordinators as it has been for the students participating in the cohort. As facilitators of the group, we have grown and changed together, constantly reflecting upon and assessing the

success of our various activities.

Recently, we welcomed two new leaders, Gabrielle Vásquez and Deborah Amézquita who bring the kind of enthusiasm for cultivating the cohort that promises to make us the strongest and most connected group of Latinos OSU has witnessed to date.

Recently, the members of El Pueblo shared what they enjoy most about our weekly gatherings and what being part of this community means to them. Iony Schmidt, first year, Psychology major reflects: “El Pueblo is like a home away from home. It’s nice to come to the cohort and be with others who appreciate and share similar cultures.” First year Biology major Sebastián Mejía, adds, “We have a small community right now, but I’m sure that in the years to come, we will be able to grow and keep sharing experiences that further our understanding of not only our own cultures, but of the cultures of others.”

Although we are only in our second semester, we have accomplished a tremendous amount. El Pueblo is finding its way by both working and playing together in service of building our community. With the support of the community here at The Ohio State University, we expect to continue to grow, thrive, and excel.

Jane Newland is a Spanish major planning to teach English as a Second Language in the future. In addition to El Pueblo, she is involved in the OSU Latino Student Association and works as an Aftercare Assistant at St. James the Less Catholic School in Columbus.

Melissa Zepeda is a Comparative Studies major working on applying to graduate school. In addtion to El Pueblo, she is activley involved in the Latino Student Association at OSU and works in the Multicultural Center.

El Pueblo meets every Thursday at 7:30 PM in the Multicultural Center, Ohio Union.

Education Reform and Smoking Cessation Research Parental Lessons Lead to Inquiry in Action

By Tomás Moreno-Vasquez, Junior, Departments of Economics, Psychology, and Neuroscience As a Junior majoring in economics, psychology, and cognitive neuroscience, I cannot emphasize enough the lessons my parents, Colombian immigrants, taught me in terms of working hard at accomplishing a great deal while helping people improve their life. My parents’ influence has led me to working both on education reform and smoking cessation research.

Students for Education Reform is a campus organization whose goal is to collectively work toward closing the achievement gap. People come to this country every day to achieve a better life for themselves and their children, but they are constantly disappointed by inadequate educational opportunities. Schools in high poverty areas across the country are consistently underperforming compared to those in suburban districts. Some states have installed laws shielding tenured teachers from termination, leaving many young up and coming educators out of jobs.

Furthermore, many states tightly control their number of charter schools, (public schools that are run by a third party rather than by the government). These charter schools can function as laboratories, providing excellent alternative models for our current school systems. Changes are numerous and readily demonstrable. For example, lengthening school days, requiring students receive tutoring, and mandatory summer school to prevent students from forgetting their lessons are all viable options. Programs like Race to the Top, which incentivize states with grants worth hundreds of millions of dollars, have helped to change the laws regarding education in many states. While these programs are a great start, the fact remains that the US is ranked far below other industrialized nations when it comes to our education system. It may be a few years before we see the payoffs from our changes, but we are on the right track.

The second critical activity for me is involvement with smoking cessation research. My mother has always discouraged me from ever starting to smoke. As a doctor, she would recite the statistics over and over again. Over 400,000 people die every year from tobacco related causes.

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Tobacco use costs the US $193 billion per year, with smokers living 14 years less on average than nonsmokers. So, what can be done to deter people from smoking?

Currently, the FDA is working to introduce cigarette packages with graphic warning labels.

These new packages would include the usual Surgeon General’s warning; cigarettes cause cancer, heart disease etc., and would display an additional picture. My research looks at the effect the image has on a smoker’s long-term memory. Past research has shown that pairing a number with an emotionally charged word like “love” improves long term memory for that number compared to a number paired with an emotionally neutral word like “swim,” or no word. My research examines the effect of different levels of graphic intensity of warning labels. As such, I’m testing to see if pairing a message with an extremely graphic picture, such as a picture of mouth cancer, improves memory for the warning message compared to a less graphic picture, like a lung made of cigarette butts. Memory for the warning labels on cigarette packages is so important because smokers who think about and discuss those warnings have been shown to have a greater desire to quit.

Finding ways to help people make better decisions is a hot issue for investigation. Borrowing ideas from psychology and economics, people are trying to find new ways to nudge others toward the right answer without infringing on an individual’s free will. For example, in the US thousands of people die every year because they cannot find an organ donor. A clever way to remedy this problem is by changing the default decision on driver’s license forms. Whether it’s deciding to be an organ donor or picking a retirement fund, when a default option is available, a significant fraction of people will choose to stick with it. So, changing the default option on the

organ donor form from no to yes should cause more people to decide to be organ donors without infringing on their rights.

Although the evidence supports the overwhelming benefits of smoking cessation, some argue that this research is unethical. Detractors say smoking is a choice and those who do smoke consciously weigh the risks and the benefits, and can decide for themselves whether it’s worth it. I see it differently. People decide to smoke because the consequences are far removed from the immediate action. Will smoking one cigarette kill you? No, but how many times must someone say “It’s only one cigarette” before they develop a problem? People successfully fight addictions every day, but a significant number struggle and lose the battle.

This research works to prevent that first cigarette. For those who already smoke, it will hopefully help them find the inspiration needed to quit.

To learn more about Students for Education Reform at OSU, e-mail Tomás at Morenovasquez.1@osu.edu. For more on smoking cessation, visit http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/ data_statistics/fact_sheets/cessation/ quitting/index.htm

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Idea Lab Supporting Diverse Creative Development at OSU

By Ben Delgado, MA Student, Arts Policy and Administration and Idea Lab Coordinator, Urban Arts Space

Art has always been a part of my life.

As a child I made works with crayons, markers, clay, and pencils. My interests developed as I grew into more complex media such as painting, ceramics, crocheting, and ultimately film. It was my passion for film that led me on the winding path to The Ohio State University. As a master’s student, I am fortunate to be able to work for the OSU Urban Arts Space, an offcampus gallery and alternative performing arts space in downtown Columbus, where I am the Idea Lab Coordinator.

Idea Lab supports Ohio State University students in their creative, entrepreneurial, and sustainable activities through project support, workshops, mentoring, and

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relationship building. We seek projects that engage the community through the arts, innovation, and financial and environmental sustainability with lasting impact on the Columbus community.

Idea Lab is an amazing opportunity.

Every Ohio State student may apply to receive hands-on assistance and guidance as well as program support for projects and ideas. We hold workshops, facilitate community connections, provide funding, and extend our support to help move projects along in all stages. Idea Lab is organized each year by the Idea Lab Coordinator (who is also an annual Barnett Fellow, designated to the Space by the Department of Arts Administration, Education, and Policy) with the assistance of several Urban Arts Space staff who help to promote the call for entries and support related events. With essentially a one-person staff that rotates annually, getting the word out is no easy task. At times, it seems an uphill battle to give away money.

While as a Mexican-American I find it easy to immediately extend my sympathies and camaraderie to the greater Latino community, it is all too easy to develop blinders to the concerns of other communities. Fixated on my own familiar struggle, I can forget to look beyond my backyard to see others in different communities struggling with the same issues. For example, the 2013 Idea Lab has awarded funding to a project entitled Dumarka Soomaaliyeed Voices Unveiled. It is an interactive, virtual, photo exhibition space exploring the way that young Somali women experience and understand their role within their community here in Columbus. Currently the project is touring through the Columbus public libraries. The goal is to extend the project into the virtual realm in order to make it participatory and reach a wider audience for new exhibitions and works documenting the lives of Somali women in the Columbus area and throughout the country. This is just one example of how Idea Lab can help the promotion of diversity and give voice to a cultural minority.

Historically, the Latino community in the United States has lacked significant

representation both in the art world and as members of the collegiate class. Idea Lab provides an opportunity for wider recognition of Latinos through project proposals from students of all cultural backgrounds for projects that focus on diversity and community development.

Idea Lab not only facilitates the expression of creative ideas, but also provides a platform for students to demonstrate their passions beyond the classroom, thus extending that work past the boundaries of campus.

This sort of idea was never on my radar growing up. With parents who came to the country as teenagers who had to work their way up to living on $20 a week with two kids, it’s a wonder there was time, let alone money, to provide my sister and me with artistic opportunities. Art and creativity are essential to the development of a culturally literate individual. With cultural literacy comes cultural and social capital that manifest into greater accomplishments. The development of this kind of literacy can begin at an early age, but for parents who have to cope with the basic challenges of language acculturation and putting food on the table, such a Bourdieuvian ideal is the last thing on their minds. This is where Idea Lab can help.

Idea Lab offers a push forward to students with innovative ideas.

As Coordinator, I am proud to be one of the students afforded the opportunity to contribute to my community in a meaningful way. It is important that we work to improve our representation through actions as well as words. Idea Lab is a perfect vehicle for Latino OSU students to take on that task.

OSU Urban Arts Space is located at 50 W. Town Street in the historic Lazarus Building.

2013 Idea Lab projects will appear throughout the spring and summer at various locations in the community. Applications for the 2014 Idea Lab cycle will be available autumn, 2013. For more information visit uas.osu.edu/idealab or call 614-292-8861.

Summer, Sutures, and South America A Brazilian Surgical Oncology Internship

By Alexandra Dulin, Junior, Center for Life Sciences Education The patient had been prepared, the nurse and surgical technologist waited patiently, and I was scrubbed in and looking to the resident standing on the opposite side of the bed. He nodded encouragingly and I took a deep breath.

I gripped the scalpel and made the first incision on the right superior shoulder of the patient.

Students on the pre-medicine track with hopes of specializing in surgery always dream about their first time operating on their own. While the little details may differ from one student to the next, all fantasize the moment one firmly states: “Scalpel.” But this was no fantasy.

At twenty years old, in the most southern state of Brazil, I performed surgery. Under the supervision of a resident, I removed malignant melanoma from a man’s shoulder and stitched up the four-inch incision. While it may not have been the most glamorous moment, I became a surgeon with the first cut.

What sounds like a fantasy was my reality for six weeks. During the summer of 2012, I lived out my dream of being a surgeon. I was treated like an intern and was able to participate in every consultation, exam, and surgery. Even without any medical experience on my part, the doctors took the time to teach me different skills and held me to certain standards. From my first day, I was in the operating room scrubbing in. I was taught how to place sutures, do skin grafts, intubate patients, insert catheters, and countless other procedures. I was held responsible for rounds and checking vitals of my attending’s patients. I learned more than I could have imagined.

Outside of the operating room, I learned what only experience could teach me. Interacting with patients on a personal level helped me understand that what made the surgeons I was surrounded by truly superb was their demeanor and their kindness. Their extensive knowledge of the medicine, diagnosis, and treatment was impressive, but it was the way that they interacted each and every day with their patients that set them apart. The relationships

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that the surgeons had with their patients made fighting cancer seem that much easier, but had a difficult side-effect: saying goodbye. Having such personal connections made it so that when a person died from the terrible disease, the medical staff didn’t just lose a patient, but also a friend.

While these relationships are what set apart the medical staff from any I have interacted with before, it was impossibly difficult watching the pain they felt when patients died. When working with oncology patients, dealing with death is part of the job. Before working in Brazil, I believed that the best way to handle so many emotions was to become immune to them and thus become robotic and unattached. However, after spending so much time with the patients and staff, I realized that it was impossible to do so. Indeed, it was the worst thing I could do as a medical professional. Attitude and outlook are everything in medicine, and shutting those emotions out doesn’t make one staff member better than another. Instead, it restricts how large an impact they are able to make on a patient and their family members.

The most valuable lesson I learned wasn’t a procedure or a skill, but instead something I could never learn in a classroom.

Spending all day in an operating room and actively participating made me reevaluate whether or not surgery was something to which I wanted to dedicate my entire life. Now, surgical oncology is the only career I can imagine. I am confident that when I graduate from medical school and am placed in my own operating room, I will be able to handle it well. I have every confidence that I am destined to be a surgeon.

It is the only thing that I want to do with my life.

Further, this confidence has transcended my desires to go to medical school. It has given me much more motivation in every aspect of my life. I am able to slow down and enjoy each of my classes instead of feeling anxious and unsure. Most importantly, I have become more stringently motivated to do well in all that must come before. The decision to seek an internship and go somewhere unexpected has changed my life for the better.

In 2012, Alexandra Dulin worked in Hospital Santa Rita in Porto Alegre, Brazil for six weeks. She was under the tutelage of Dr. Felice Riccardi, surgical oncologist.

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We Decide.

Latin@s and the 2012 Presidential Election

By Francisco-Xavier Gómez-Bellengé, Associate to the Dean, Fisher College of Business Following the re-election of George W. Bush in 2004, pundits declared a new permanent republican majority due to shifting demographic and political forces.

It is with some skepticism, then, that we must view similar claims of a new permanent democratic majority following the re-election of Barack Obama in 2012. One of the new forces, it is said, is the rise of Latinos as a significant electoral force for democrats. Indeed, a recent Pew Center study predicts a doubling of the Latin@ vote by 2030.

Republicans can recognize demographic trends as well as Democrats so in the days after Obama’s re-election, republican pundits discussed how to get a larger share of that essential Latin@ vote.

It was scarcely possible to have a discussion of presidential politics without mentioning Marco Rubio, the Florida senator, as an early leader in the 2016 republican presidential sweepstakes. Both Rubio and Susana Martinez, the governor of New Mexico, had been mentioned as possible vice-presidential running mates of Mitt Romney. Latin@s, the argument went, were a natural fit for the Republican Party because of their religiosity and conservative social values. All that was needed was a suitable candidate.

There are good reasons to be skeptical of this line of reasoning. Neither Alan Keyes in 2008 nor Herman Cain in 2012 had any discernible impact on the African American vote. If recent history is any indication, neither race nor ethnicity alone is likely to sway a significant number of voters. A different argument is that presumably, a Rubio or Martinez presidential candidate would espouse more Latin@-friendly policies. Indeed, Rubio has advocated for less stridently antiimmigrant policies and a different tone in the national conversation on immigration.

However, when Texas Governor Rick Perry did as much during the 2012 Republican primaries, he quickly fell out of favor with Republican voters. Policies alone are not an obvious solution because a primary candidate who would be Latin@-friendly enough to attract a significant portion of the Latin@ vote might find it difficult to

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get enough non-Latin@ support in the primaries.

A look at some basic issues is in order.

The very concept of Hispanic/Latin@ identity is problematic as a number of scholars have argued. In Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, Fredrik Barth sets four conditions for the existence of an ethnic group; 1. Is largely biologically self-perpetuating 2. Shares fundamental cultural values, realized in overt unity in cultural forms 3. Makes up a field of communication and interaction 4. Has a membership that identifies itself, and is identified by others, as constituting a category distinguishable from other categories of the same order.

While this definition works well with some racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. and elsewhere, it does not work particularly well with U.S. Hispanic/Latin@s.

Barth says “ethnic groups are categories of ascription and identification by the actors themselves” yet many Latin@s derive their ethnic identity primarily from their country of origin, not from some pan-ethnic or pan-national origin. Even among Americans of Mexican origin, for example, identity depends on a variety of factors such as length of time in the U.S., region of origin or region of residency.

Chicano identity, for example, is distinct from Mexican, Mexican-American, and Hispanic/Latin@ identity. Also, some Latin@s are outwardly English dominant and acculturated but nevertheless mindful of how national politics affect others with their same physical appearance, ancestry or last name. The terms “Hispanic” or “Latino” in fact capture a diverse range of ethnic groups/national origins across and within Spain, Portugal, and a variety of countries in Latin American and the Caribbean. The nomenclature “Hispanic” was invented by the U.S. Census Bureau.

So although there is some understanding of cultural and linguistic commonality among all Spanish speakers in Spain and the Americas, it is not nearly as well defined as the African American racial/ ethnic identity or the Italian-American ethnic/national identity, for example.

Arlene Dávila has argued that in both

marketing research and political polling, the nuanced and varied identities of Latin@s tend to become subsumed to broader narratives that ascribe desired characteristics to the entire group, whitewashing many internal differences. These narratives highlight attributes suitable to whatever argument is being made in a given situation. If one is promoting the value of marketing to Latin@s on Spanishlanguage media, the distinction between being Spanish-speaking and being Latin@ is overlooke­­­­d even though less than half of U.S. Latin@s understand Spanish or are Spanish language-dominant. If one is championing the size of the U.S. Latin@ market, distinctions based on immigration, language, national origin, income, education or geographic location are overlooked even while differences in identification as Latino vary widely among all these groups. In the political arena, when emphasizing conservative values, the Catholic heritage is assumed to influence all Latin@s although many long ago converted to other religions such as SeventhDay Adventism or are not religious at all.

When arguing that Latin@s are a natural Democrat constituency, a different set of characteristics are emphasized.

So how can Republicans attract the Latin@ vote? Voters look beyond specific candidates and policies to the general tone of a campaign and a party. In recent years, the debate on immigration has turned increasingly vicious. States such as Arizona and Alabama have passed vindictive laws. Politicians, public figures such as Rush Limbaugh and presidential candidates have competed to be seen as more implacably hostile to Latin@s than their rivals under the guise of protecting the nation from undocumented immigrants. Even Latin@s not directly affected by these laws and debates feel profoundly impacted by such hostile rhetoric. The lack of any visible opposition to this bigotry and the racial homogeneity of the Republican Party have made it a very hard sell for Latin@s. This is not likely to change easily.

Democrats cannot take Latin@s for granted either. President Obama’s support

for the Dream Act came only during his re-election year. His administration deports far more people annually than George Bush’s ever did. Latin@ presidential appointments have been few and far between. There is a substantial number of socially conservative Latin@s who, given

the right set of circumstances, could be persuaded to vote Republican.

U.S. Latin@s are best seen as extraordinarily diverse and rapidly changing groups that are keenly aware of how they are perceived and indeed misunderstood by the broader society. No party or politician can

convince them to vote against their own interests on any sustainable basis.

For an expanded version of this essay, including references, visit us online: quepasa.osu.edu.

Š 2012 Lalo Alcaraz

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Disfrutando y Trabajando

LSA Ball The Latino Students Association held their second annual formal ball on February 23 at the Hale Black Cultural Center.

Revelers enjoyed a red carpet experience followed by an evening of music, dancing, food, and a special dessert table.

Digital Art Exibition Columbus-based, new media artist Florence Gouvrit-Montaùo shared techniques for creating multimedia projects during a three-week LASER workshop. Students’ interactive digital projects were featured in an exhibit at the Multicultural Center.

PHOTO BY INDRA LEYVA

PHOTO BY INDRA LEYVA

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Latino Urbanism: Defining a Cultural Urban Form This event, featuring Professor Jesus Lara of the Knowlton School of Architecture and James Rojas, Co-Founder, Latino Urban Forum, highlighted an emerging approach to urban development that responds to Latino lifestyles, cultural preferences, and economic needs. Here, workshop participants enjoy creating their own urban landscape.

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Š 2012 Indra Leyva, "Walking Pies"

Creative Corner

Flight and Dream Poem by Mauricio Espinoza Illustration by Jordan Espinoza

An airplane a kite a butterfly soar above my daughter’s head as she runs around the garden of autumns and leaves.

She lost sight of the distant plane.

She let go of the kite’s rope.

She only wants to chase the butterfly that always flutters just inches from her hands.

Later, as the sun sets and the air turns cold, she looks at the garden through her window and recalls the memory of a plane a kite a butterfly soaring in perfect synchrony, one higher than the other, but always higher than the highest effort of her tiny hands.

An airplane a kite a butterfly will visit my daughter’s dreams tonight.

In the twilight she will seek them with her hands, she will soar with them beyond the autumns and the leaves, as she dreams the dream of a girl who wanted to be a butterfly.

© 2013 Jordan Espinoza, "Flight and Dream"

“The More Diverse the Team, the Better the Thinking“ A Conversation with Charles J. Lockwood

By Juan D. Mendoza, OSU College of Medicine

PHOTO PROVIDED BY THE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE

called “an amazing leader.”

Lockwood also said that the people at Ohio State had a “thirst for progress for advancing the field…These factors and all the innovation here make this place very attractive.”

As he leads the medical school from excellence to eminence, Lockwood recognizes the need to become more diverse in different ways. A top priority is to increase productivity from a research standpoint, expanding the depth and breadth of expertise. “We focused on cancer, cardiac, and neurosciences, and we’re doing very well in these areas,” he explained. “But, to be great, we’ve got to be good at everything.” In terms of education, Lockwood said that Ohio State is among the very best. On the clinical side, he is focused on becoming more innovative to grow the volume of patient care while maintaining high quality.

When our conversation turned to diversity, Lockwood was direct and unequivocal: “Diversity is a key to innovation and excellence.” He related an experience that shaped his thinking. He participated in a training exercise that asked participants to imagine they were on a sinking boat. They prioritized a list of 20 items to take with them in a lifeboat. Lockwood was very confident in his list as he grew up in a “family of sailors,” as he put it. None of the other participants had his experience on the water, and not surprisingly, he scored the highest in the group.

Participants were then assigned to teams of five, and when his team prioritized the items, he found that it was an entirely different list. Lockwood acknowledged that “it made sense when I listened to their arguments about what should be first and what should be next.“ The team list was scored, and his individual score was compared with the team score. “While I was better

Charles J. Lockwood was appointed Dean of the College of Medicine and Vice President for Health Sciences in 2011. I joined him for a conversation about his vision for the College and how diversity fits into that vision.

With an MD from the University of Pennsylvania, Lockwood started his medical career as a clinician in obstetrics and gynecology. He soon found himself involved in research and then, “at a ridiculously young age,” as he put it, he was offered a Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology at New York University. Lockwood’s trajectory in medical administration was accelerated by his enthusiasm for challenges and willingness to learn on the job. He came to Ohio State with a string of achievements at Yale University and New York University and a well-honed talent for inspiring others to dream the impossible.

Asked what attracted him to this position, Lockwood cited the fact that the medical center and medical school are integrated, and the leadership here including Senior Vice President for Health Sciences Steven Gabbe and President Gee, who he

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than anyone else individually, as a team we were much better than I was as an individual.” It was particularly powerful lesson because the exercise dealt with a topic that he knew very, very well. “It taught me the power of teams and of diverse inputs into those teams. I really do think that the more diverse the team, the better the thinking.”

Lockwood emphasized that with diverse perspectives “you begin to see things from more angles than one person can see alone… and you expand creativity.”

Diverse inputs are important for innovations in science and health care delivery, but Lockwood also highlighted the need for diversity among clinicians, “nothing is more comforting than a physician who looks like you, speaks your language, who you can relate to.” He believes that diversity is important on a broader level as well, “When you work day and night with people who are different than you, you begin to understand where they’re coming from. You begin to see the world from their eyes, and not just your own eyes.”

He pointed to the need for African Americans and Hispanics in key leadership roles in the College and described the Foundation for the Future, a strategy to support a diverse pipeline starting before high school through medical school, to residency, fellowships and the faculty. Citing progress in participation of underrepresented minorities in the College, he said that the rate has more than doubled while maintaining a graduation rate over 90%.

Lockwood’s commitment to the university’s principles of diversity and public engagement are evident in his vision for the College. “We have a moral obligation to improve rural health, infant mortality, prematurity and shortened adult life spans in the rural populations in Southeast Ohio.”

Recognizing opportunity in urban, rural, and suburban health, Lockwood continued emphatically, “We need to use this magnificent campus, our 60,000 students, 25,000 courses and seven health science colleges...

We have the chance to use all those resources in a fantastic way that is unique-no other American university has all those things on one campus, and we ought to use them for good.”

Northern In-Hospitality NAFTA’s Effect on Sex Trafficking in the Americas

By Colleen Durfee, Junior, Department of Geography; Department of Spanish and Portuguese Relations between the United States and Latin America affect every aspect of Latin American and United States citizens’ lives, a fact enhanced by the increasing migration of peoples and the expansion of neo-liberal markets between these countries. Arguably, past and present relationships between Latin America and the United States, specifically with trade agreements that link the two regions, have been an axis of leverage to exercise political and economic control, and may be connected to the sex trade of women and children throughout the United States. So how might foreign policy toward Latin America change such that people may survive in their countries of origin without being pushed or pulled out?

How can the economic, social, and political inequalities of Latino Americans at home be mitigated so as to diminish the risks of immigration to the United States?

These loaded questions have no clear answer, but the sex-trafficking industry is the most common and fastest growing form of slavery in the world today. The U.S. CIA estimates that about 50,000 people are trafficked into the United States annually and of those, 15,000 are Latin American women and children. An answer to these questions is pertinent to stopping inhumane treatment of these women and children. The average age of a sex-slave in the world is 12 to 14 years old. They are abused and robbed of the security and intimacy that we hold dear. Sex trafficking is a manipulative process that preys on the young, especially women and girls, and is unfortunately the only way for some to migrate from one area to another. The problems Latin Americans face when trying to immigrate to the United States increases illegal immigration through unregulated, exploitative, and dangerous means and strengthens the power and influence of the sex-trafficking industry.

This informal economy through human trafficking is partially perpetuated through the United States’ employment of neo-liberal policies regarding trade. These policies intend to “promote economic growth by spurring competition in domestic markets and promoting investment from both domestic and foreign sources” say Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Jeffrey J. Schott in

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their article, “NAFTA Revisited: Achievements and Challenges.”

However, the subsequent effects of NAFTA have induced mass migration to small border towns in northern Mexico, called maquiladoras. These towns are pressured to expand to contain large populations, creating an environment of resource scarcity that drives up the cost of living. Many rural families once grew their own food but the agri-business propelled by NAFTA made it impossible for them to support themselves or sell their product because the U.S. crop is much cheaper. As the Mexican agricultural economy is hollowed out, more and more Mexicans move across the border undocumented. This is just one example of how a family in Mexico finds it worth the risk of migrating to the United States to support their family.

The workers in these border factories set up by free trade agreements are subject to contaminated water, environmental degradation, lead poisoning, gas poisoning, and more. These hazards lead to early death, infertility, and cancer. The transnational corporations will outlast any legal appeal for damage compensation or severance pay after they outsource to East Asian areas, leaving the Mexican populations with their hands bound and no course of action toward justice or equality. All of these factors lead to the push and pull effect that contributes to dangerous labor migration across a highly militarized border.

The defense budget for border regulation and maintenance has ceased to be officially reported for after 2002 when it reached 2.1 billion per year. However, the estimated cost now surpasses 10 billion per year, post-2010. Fewer people have attempted crossing the border due to the higher risk involved in crossing. The effect of a highly militarized border is to force crossing to occur through mountains or deserts where death from extreme weather and temperature is high. Many scholars argue that this kind of border has the

opposite desired effect on immigration to the United States because once immigrants enter; they do not want to leave. Previously with more fluid borders there were less deaths and less permanent residents in United States territory resulting from border crossings to and form Mexico and the United States.

There are both known and unknown contributors to the proliferation of the dangers in immigration and exposure to human trafficking in the United States. The US holds much of the responsibility of the increased violence resulting from foreign policy and free trade agreements with its neighbors to the South. The effects of neoliberalism on the countries that bare the brunt of the capitalist forces result in constantly competing corporate and private forces for lower prices and higher profits.

It takes no effort to see why maquiladores have thrived and caused suffering in the wake of consumer practices. America has made a mess by marginalizing billions of people through NAFTA based on the need to perpetuate an economic, capital hegemony. Unfortunately, an entire culture of exploitation has manifested in the human trafficking, slavery, and the agricultural and industrial sectors of the US’s southern and Mexico’s northern states.

For Colleen Durfee’s full essay with citations visit us on line: quepasa.osu.edu.

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Into the Ocean Caring for Marine Life Leads Michael Flores to Octopus Intelligence Research

By Yolanda Zepeda, Office of Diversity and Inclusion PHOTO PROVIDED BY MICHAEL FLORES

Are you smarter than an octopus?

Michael Flores spent a summer finding out.

A fourth-year student majoring in marine science in the School of Environment and Natural Resources—Fisheries Science, Michael spent the summer of 2011 on the beach in South Padre Island, Texas. He wasn’t playing volleyball or working on his tan. Michael was building complex mazes and training a veined Indonesian octopus named JD in a series of puzzles and games designed to test octopus intelligence.

Michael interned at the South Padre Island Dolphin Research and Sea life Nature Center, a non-profit organization dedicated to educating the public about the bottlenose dolphins native to the Gulf of Mexico. The Center features marine animals native to the area including live fish, starfish, crabs, octopus, and snails.

Originally an unpaid intern at the Center, Michael fed and cared for the animals. “I’ve always loved the ocean,” he says, “and I have always known that I wanted to spend my life doing something related to marine life.”

For his octopus intelligence research, Michael ordered two small, Indonesian veined octopi after unsuccessful attempts to trap local specimens. As it turned out, they were small and not well suited for the mazes. Then one day a child snagged a three-foot veined octopus while fishing.

Michael retrieved it and named him JD. Soon he and JD would begin a daily

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regimen that included feeding, hours working with puzzles and mazes, and sharing an evening of television at the Center. Michael laughs as he recalls how JD warmed up to him over time, moving across the tank to be nearer to Michael as they viewed their favorite shows, “JD was great, he even climbed out of his tank and sat on the top, kicking back and watching TV with me.”

JD’s intelligence tests involved being placed into a six-foot maze made of movable, silicon walls, with a live crab “prize” at the end of the maze. The trials demanded learning on both JD’s and on Michael’s part. For instance, in early designs, the crab climbed out of the box at the end of the maze and approached the octopus, essentially helping JD to solve the puzzle and speeding up his own demise.

Michael adapted the design to contain the crab, but then JD learned how to grasp and pull down the walls, destroying the maze to get his prize. “Over the weeks, I built mazes, and JD destroyed them. He is smart and surprisingly strong.”

Caring for JD and the other marine life at the Center didn’t involve merely shaking a can of Tetra over their tanks. Since the octopus refused anything but live food, Michael began and ended his days wading waist-deep in the gulf to catch small fish, shrimp, and crabs. He describes being somewhat unnerved “as I stood there in the evenings with the sun going down, in water up to my waist, as I watched the fins of the blacktip sharks that were common to the area glide back and forth in the distance. It was eerie.”

He also collected other memorable experiences like the birth of sea horses.

“We had been watching our seahorse for days waiting for it to give birth,” Michael recalls. “One day, we noticed that the water was really cloudy, so my assistant turned up the filter pump. The water wasn’t getting clearer and when we investigated, we noticed that the seahorse had given birth. Unfortunately, many of the fry were stuck to the filter!” Michael describes how he and his assistant spent the better part of that day painstakingly removing the tiny, newborn seahorses from the tank filter

with a pair of tweezers.

Eventually, Michael’s unpaid internship led to a paid position as manager of the Center, carrying with it responsibility for maintenance of the Center and care of the marine life. With room and board provided by the Center’s director, the internship proved not only intellectually enriching but financially rewarding as well. Michael also took advantage of the chance to refresh his Spanish language skills weakened from four years of disuse in Ohio, as he pledged to speak only Spanish with his assistant who spoke little English. The assistant was patient with Michael’s rusty Spanish, as he himself struggled with his own pledge to speak only English.

Reflecting on his summer at Padre Island, Michael talks about it being one of the best experiences ever. When he returned to Columbus at the end of the summer, he continued to engage in research as a research assistant with the OSU Fresh Water Mussel Facility. With one year of school remaining, Michael is excited to begin a career in marine science and has no doubts about achieving his dream. But his academic journey has not been without challenges.

As a high school student in San Juan, Texas, Michael didn’t aspire to attend college. Although he was an honors student and had completed a number of college courses in high school, Michael admits, “I never really believed that a college education was for me. I was just going to graduate from school and get a job.” His high school counselor recognized Michael’s talent, prompting him to apply for college admission. Under the Texas Top Ten Percent plan, Michael was admitted to any state college of his choice, and received full scholarship offers from several schools including the University of Texas.

Enter Maria Sanchez, academic coordinator from Ohio State University’s Office of Minority Affairs (now the Office of Diversity and Inclusion). Maria visited Michael’s high school, and her enthusiasm about the offerings of Ohio State was persuasive. A scholarship offer sealed the deal. The only obstacle standing between Michael and his Buckeye adventure was his family. Like

many first-generation college students, Michael found that his parents and siblings were not enthusiastic about his decision to leave home. Determined, he arrived in Columbus alone with all of his belongings and $40 in his pocket. After paying a taxi to transport him from the airport to his residence hall, Michael started his freshman year with $20 to his name and a wardrobe suited for the tropical, South Texas climate.

His financial aid refund check was directed to his Texas address, and Michael struggled over the next several weeks without funds to pay for books. Maria Sanchez did not forget him once he arrived, however. “I took a work study job working for her, and one day she took me to Target,” Michael recalls, shaking his head and grinning. “She told me, ‘Go get some food or you are fired.’”

Michael is still dealing with the consequences of those early weeks on campus.

Without books, he found it difficult to keep up with his classes. A common strategy to strengthen a faltering GPA is to take general education and less demanding courses. Michael soon discovered, however, that because he had completed a number of college courses while he was in high school, those transferred credits satisfied his general education requirements, closing out this option. Unfortunately for him, the As that he earned in those classes did not transfer and did not strengthen his GPA. Further financial burdens led him to take several jobs, limiting the time that he could dedicate to his studies.

Michael’s challenges are not unique.

It did not go unnoticed when five other students enrolled at OSU from his own high school left Columbus, one by one, without completing a degree. Reflecting on the obstacles that he has overcome, Michael admits that he is sometimes surprised that he has made it this far. He points to a critical moment when he received a phone call from his sister during his sophomore year. She affirmed her belief in his success and expressed support for his educational goals. “Her acceptance made a real difference. If I had known then what I know now,” muses Michael, ”It didn’t change things, but it made me stronger.”

Michael’s journey has tested the strength of his mettle. He crossed the wide cultural gulf from his South Texas hometown to Ohio. Arriving on the OSU campus, Michael struggled to navigate the academic terrain while carrying a heavy financial burden. With limited resources to draw upon, he found at times that

www.quepasa.osu.edu

otherwise minor setbacks could set off a chain of impediments. But he has shown determination and a stubborn refusal to give up. Now, with one year to go and an accumulation of wisdom and professional experience in his field, graduation is in his sights, close enough to taste it.

Michael is now smarter about navigating the university. He has gained his financial footing, and he has a clear plan to see him through graduation. He is motivated by a passion for marine science. Most importantly, Michael’s dream for a life dedicated to learning about the ocean is anchored in his strong conviction that he will succeed.

Looking back on his experience and his development over his years at Ohio State, Michael shows a mature understanding of the journey he has traveled. He points to the pivotal change

from self-doubt to self-determination: “It happened over the summer, during that internship.” Michael explains, “I figured out what I want, and what it takes to be this person at the end. I decided that is what I am going to do.”

PHOTO PROVIDED BY MICHAEL FLORES

21

Enamored with Radio WOSU Internship Fosters a Lifelong Love

By Leticia Wiggins, PhD Student, Department of History

Radio can establish a deeply personal connection even as it reaches out to a widespread audience. An understanding of its paradoxical nature drives my love of radio and is the motivation behind the work I do for “All Sides with Ann Fisher,” at the NPR affiliated WOSU. National Public Radio has always been in my life, but I first felt a strong connection to radio programming on my 12th birthday. That morning, as I tied my shoes with clumsy bunny loops readying for school, my mother phoned a local oldies radio station with a request to play “American Pie”—a song I was ridiculously and inexplicably enamored with—for “a daughter on her birthday.” The DJ admitted Mclean’s opus might be too long to add to the playlist, but he would see what he could do. Then, sitting with my legs up on the school bus seat, I waited, listened, and hoped I would hear the song.

Propitiously, the bus driver loved “Oldies 102.1” as much as my mother. Sitting in the front of the bus and halfway to school, I finally heard a familiar, folksy voice on the radio begin, “A long, long time ago….” As the entirety of Don Mclean’s American Pie played over the radio, I had an epiphany.

The song was playing for me, yet others heard it too. There was a kind of magic there. That was when I went from appreciating radio to loving it.

Years later, as a junior at Ohio State, I

22

was excited to start an internship with WOSU. The productions internship for “All Sides” at radio WOSU covers topics ranging from the specifics of the Columbus community and Central Ohio to larger national and global issues. I remember my initial nervous interview and eventual elation at being accepted for the intern position. As a history and comparative studies major, I had no journalistic background, but I did have a love for discussions of public policy, my adopted city of Columbus, and the bearded NPR “Talk of The Nation” host Neal Conan.

The position involved research for future shows and correspondence with potential guests. They needed someone to dig up articles relating to daily discussion topics.

As I loved both research and working with people, I knew this was something I could tackle. I still remember my first task— looking up the environmental impact of Asian Carp in the Great Lakes. They are generally horrible creatures.

Over time, the nature of the internship changed. A more developed understanding of the show’s production came with involving myself in the phone screening process, podcast editing, and various attempts at script writing. In addition to the development of the intern’s tasks, the nature of the show was changing. An increase in the number of guests and more diverse range of topics drove the show to focus on “All Sides” of the issues. Representation and consideration of multiple facets influenced this talk program’s dialogue; and this is how the subject of human diversity finds itself at WOSU. “All Sides” evidenced its attention to diversity when addressing the quality of programming from the daily news meetings to the planning of upcoming shows. The underlying question during these meetings was “what are people talking about?” This attention to the greater community—to the issues that really matter to people—remains at the

heart of what “All Sides” tries to accomplish.

Even so, at times it is necessary to consider what people are not talking about and look to what people should consider.

In this vein, “All Sides” works to invite guests to the program who range from the nationally acclaimed to up-and-coming local personalities. During my time at the station, I have been awestruck over the many encounters with our guests. In the past three years I’ve had the opportunity to speak with Bexley native, Josh Radnor (star of How I Met your Mother), political junky Ken Rudin, Hustler magazine creator Larry Flynt, and astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson. This is just a sampling of the various personalities who have graced the program. Whether one is a science nerd, lover of pop culture, or even an Asian Carp enthusiast, there is undoubtedly an “All Sides” show of interest.

This again speaks to the show’s ability to address a broad audience with diverse interests. Engaging in topics related to science, literature, politics, and transnational issues endows “All Sides” with a variety of followers who can phone in and participate by lending their various opinions to the program. The show is inherently committed to diversity, because Columbus is diverse. Additionally, the staff and individuals who work for “All Sides,” and at WOSU are wonderful individuals committed to educating the broader public and reporting current issues in an accessible manner. Host, Ann Fisher, is genuinely devoted to providing information and transformative stories to her listenership. In turn, the producer Michael DeBonis, associate producer Amy Juravich, and student production assistants Corinne Gleckler, Karam Sheban, and Rose Zhou provide a team committed to providing quality journalism and programming every work-day from 10-Noon. Additionally, all members of Classical 101, the WOSU newsroom, and the many technical geniuses, provide a genuinely enjoyable daily work environment. Although I have transitioned from an undergraduate daily intern to a oncea-week graduate student volunteer, I still feel welcomed and am excited to be part of WOSU.

Marga Gomez 2013 Q-Pid Comedian Draws from Life Experience to Fuel Performances

By Anthony Wiggins, ¿Qué Pasa OSU? Staff Writer and Junior, Center for Life Sciences Education The Ohio State University was treated to an energetic performance by comedian Marga Gomez for this year’s Student Life Multicultural Center Q-Pid Comedy & Dance Extravaganza on February 15th. The San Francisco based Gomez delivered material on politics, current events, LGBT issues, and her childhood, during her show in the Ohio Union Performance Hall. In an interview earlier that day, Gomez shared insights into what inspires her, where she draws her material, and how she has found her niche as a successful Latina and lesbian entertainer.

Gomez found herself drawn to the entertainment industry by witnessing her parents perform in New York. “My dad was a comedian, and my mother was a dancer, and they were both entertainers in the Latin community. They worked with people like Tito Puente and Celia Cruz in their shows,” says Gomez. With a Puerto Rican mother and Cuban father, Gomez observed a diverse audience that was very much drawn to the shows of her parents. She recalls, “My father could always make people laugh, and he made them happy. Times were tough then and people were working really hard, some had even just come to the United States.

The one thing they had to live for was to go to those shows that my father produced and performed in every week.”

It was a move to California that would ultimately establish Gomez as a prominent Latina comedian. In San Francisco, she found a diverse audience that appreciated the high flying comedy Gomez delivers: “When I was twenty, I ended up moving to San Francisco and found myself performing in comedy and theatre for an audience that’s gay and straight…diverse and unconventional,” Gomez recalls. “I discovered that I could be an artist and that there was an audience that could support me. I’m fortunate and lucky enough to be doing this for almost 30 years.”

Gomez draws on her life experiences and current events to fuel her current routines. With two areas of focus (solo show plays and stand-up routines) she can utilize the two mediums differently to achieve her desired dramatic effect. Her solo shows tend to showcase more material from her

www.quepasa.osu.edu

personal life. She explains, “A lot of those tend to deal with my childhood and my family, so they are usually comic, but also more storytelling drawn from my life. In a play you can really go into deep stuff about yourself, which is different than my comedy performances.” With her stand-up routines, Gomez tries to identify a common ground with the audience to create a connection: “Stand-up routines could be my life, but it’s mostly events. The best way to go about comedy is to be as relatable to the audience as possible.”

As an up and coming entertainer, Gomez overcame different obstacles that challenged her sexuality and ethnicity. “The hardest one was to come out as a lesbian,” she recalls, “When I started in the 80s I went a year where I never said I was gay. But soon I just started to be honest and mentioning it aloud, but that was still probably the most frustrating thing for me.” Even though Gomez has become a prominent Latina performer, she continues to see the unequal opportunities that Latinos are afforded, especially in show business. “It’s still very marginal and unequal, the opportunities that Latino people get say, in Hollywood.

There just aren’t a lot of parts written for us.

There are a lot of Latinos who could and are being cast into roles, but we are always the dark, sinister, or even nanny roles. ” Gomez does offer advice to Latinos who may face similar experiences: “Anyone who wants to pursue the work that I’ve done— the acting in films, acting in theatre, and acting in comedy clubs—should really focus on one aspect first. And first and foremost, you have to love it. If you don’t love it with one hundred percent of your heart and mind, there’s really no point in doing it.”

Gomez points out that one must be passionate about their discipline, because it can be difficult to make a living in the entertainment industry. “More than likely, you aren’t going to get rich and famous, but you could making a living at this! It takes a lot of dedication, and sometimes it’s very hard to put so much focus and energy into becoming a performing artist and still having a life, and it’s important to have both. It’s important to remember that you’re a human being, because if you’re not a complete human

being then you’re going to be a boring performer or writer. The more you have in your own bank of experiences and joy and pain, the better an artist you will be.”

The Q-Pid Comedy and Dance Extravaganza was presented by The Student Life Multicultural Center in partnership with LASER and DISCO.

Spring Semester 2013

23

Arroz con Leche An Interview with Children’s Book Author/Illustrator Lulu Delacre

By Verónica Betancourt, PhD Student, Arts Administration, Education, and Policy book format while hundreds of illustrated versions of Mother Goose Rhymes were available to the mainstream market. It took a visionary editor, and a house that looked into the percentage of Latino children in the public schools at the time, to publish my title.

VB: What was the Latino children’s book community like when you started publishing?

Latino children’s literature has flourished over the last three decades. In this interview with my mother, author/illustrator Lulu Delacre, we discuss her work and the field since the 1980s. Born and raised in Puerto Rico, Delacre began publishing books inspired by her Latino heritage with Arroz con Leche: Popular Songs and Rhymes from Latin America. The way she tells it, she needed a book to use to sing me to sleep; since that moment in the nursery, her publications have spanned from picture books to young adult novels and explored the diversity of Latinidad as lived in the U.S. and Latin America.

VB: How did you pitch your idea to do a picture book focused on Latino children’s songs and games?

LD: Back in 1987 I had already authored several titles with Scholastic, Inc. and had a good relationship with my editor. Arroz con Leche: Popular Songs and Rhymes from Latin America was the first of a series of books that celebrate my mother language and cultural heritage. In defending my proposal over the phone, not only did I speak with passion and conviction about the need for a Latino equivalent of Mother Goose Rhymes, but I also sang every single song in the collection—adding literal translations along the way. It was unfair that none of my childhood rhymes had been published in a picture

24

LD: There were a few Latino authors dispersed throughout the States, but no organization or coalition where I could meet them. That said, two encouraging instances stand out in my memory. The first came in the mail. It was an unexpected package from Nicholasa Mohr with words of praise for my work. The second happened at a panel of authors at the Virginia Hamilton Conference; I was invited to participate along with Arnold Adoff and Ashley Bryan.

A bit intimidated by their stature, I realized that the best I could do was to speak from the heart. So I began my talk with a song from Arroz con Leche. The reward came at the end when Ashley Bryan looked at me tenderly and whispered, “Keep on singing.”

VB: How have you experienced the growth of Latino children’s literature?

LD: I think it’s fabulous that we now have many more and varied voices. This allows room for choice among readers.

Government funds for programs through the 1988 amendment to the Bilingual Education Act, and long awaited recognition have increased the interest in this literature, prompting larger houses to join the efforts of smaller and dedicated multicultural publishers like Children’s Book Press and Lee & Low Books. In the 1990s The Américas Award from the Consortium of Latin American Studies Program, and the American Library Association Pura Belpré Award were established. For the first time, major awards recognized quality children’s literature written for/by Latinos.

VB: What do you consider when creating Latino characters?

LD: All my characters are first and foremost human, behaving according to their personalities. What makes them Latino is that their cultural upbringing may very well play a role in their reaction to a situation. I strive to create characters and stories that deal with universal themes in childhood while still being intrinsically Latino.

In recent years I have become interested in the trials of young Latinos growing up in the United States, in part because of the stories I’ve witnessed and heard from friends, acquaintances, and schoolchildren.

For example, I set Arrorró mi niño: Latino Lullabies and Gentle Games in the continental U.S. in part because I wanted to dispel the misconception that all Latinos in the USA are brown skinned and only work in the fields. The illustrations show diverse Latinos of many shades and settings like the public library or art museum.

VB: What do you find most encouraging in the field of Latino children’s literature now?

LD: The advent of the internet has opened up channels of communication that did not exist before. Blogs like TheLatinoAuthor. com or Pat Mora’s Bookjoy make Latino titles accessible to parents and educators that can look for them. It is noteworthy that many more voices have joined the chorus of Latino authors and illustrators. Despite this growth, the efforts by major publishers to acquire manuscripts ebb and flow. Big houses expect very strong sales in the first year and this may not be always the case with Latino literature since it tends to take longer to reach its intended audience. We need to find ways to publicize Latino literature broadly so it becomes as accessible as mainstream literature. In my view it is ripe for the limelight.

For more information on Lulu Delacre and her work please visit www.luludelacre.co

Noticias ¿Qué Pasa, OSU? Recognizes Excellence at OSU PUBLICATIONS Aldama, Frederick Luis. The Routledge Concise History of Latino/a Literature. London & New York: Routledge, 2012.

Fernandez, Lilia. Brown in the Windy City: Mexicans and Puerto Ricans in Postwar Chicago, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2012.

Cook, Edward A. and Jesus J. Lara, eds. Remaking Metropolis: Global Challenges of the Urban Landscape. New York: Routledge, 2012.

Trigo, Abril. Crisis y transfiguración de los estudios culturales latinoamericanos. Santiago: Editorial Cuarto Propio, 2012.

Lara, Jesus, ed. Special Issue of Journal of Urbanism, Latino Urbanism: Placemaking in 21st Century American Cities. 5.2-3. Routledge, 2012.

AWARDS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS Juan Abel was named the Recreation and Physical Activity Center’s “January Star of the Month” for his fitness journey.

Gonzalo Adriazola, Ohio State Marion Homecoming King, is featured on several billboards promoting Ohio State in the Marion, Ohio area.

Gustavo Carlos was awarded $1,000 for best essay in the Sexuality Studies Essay Scholarship Competition for his discussion of how his personal experiences with sexual and gender identity have influenced his decision to work for positive change.

Dr. Ana Elena Puga, Assistant professor in the Department of Theatre, has been selected as a 2013-2014 Fulbright Scholar for her research on dramatic strategies in artistic and social performances featuring undocumented migrants – especially women and children – from Latin America.

Theresa Rojas was nominated for the Graduate School’s 2013 Graduate Associate Teaching Award for outstanding teaching as a graduate student.

Amber Seira received the 2013 Outstanding Senior Award. This award recognizes less than 1% of graduating seniors who excel in leadership, service, and scholarship throughout their tenure at OSU. Amber Seira, Anthony Wiggins, and Melissa Zepeda each earned the 2013 Mentee Award for Scholarly Success (MASS) sponsored by LASER. Grace Tellez won the 2013 LASER Award for Best Undergraduate Essay in Latino/a Studies (ABUELo/aS) for her paper “Creando machismo: Masculinidad dominicana en The Brief, Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao.” Delia Fernandez and Danielle Olden each received the 2013 LASER Graduate Achievement for Latino/a Studies Award (GALaS)

Liane Davila-Martin, a sophomore biology major at OSU Newark, has been awarded the 2013 Leon del Carrill and Moreno Scholarship.

Read her profile at newark.osu.edu/Pages/StudentSpotlight.aspx

ESPAÑOL PARA HISPANOHABLANTES Spanish for Heritage Speakers In response to the number of native and heritage speakers of Spanish continues at the Ohio State University, the Department of Spanish and Portuguese will be offering Spanish for Heritage Speakers. The course gives students the opportunity to expand their existing proficiency and to develop their reading and writing skills. This course is designed to build on the language base students already possess.

Emphasis will be placed on appropriate writing for academic and professional settings.

Haley De Leon was awarded the 2013 Stubner Scholarship sponsored by the University-wide Council of Hispanic Organizations and the Multicultural Center.

Spanish for Heritage Speakers will be offered Autumn, 2013 on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2:20 to 3:40 p.m. For more information, contact Dr. Elena Foulis via email: foulis.5@osu.edu

Stephany Chicaiza presented her research on small peptide models at the 2013 Denman Forum.

Indra Leyva is the inaugural recipient of the Office of Diversity and Inclusion’s Ruth C. Bailey Award for Multicultural Engagement.

Congratulations

Claudius Mbemba is the runner-up for the 2013 LASER Award for Best Undergraduate Essay in Latino/a Studies (ABUELo/aS) for his paper “The Conflict between Memory and Storytelling.”

NORMAND CABAN!

Nicole Nieto and Indra Leyva were recognized at the annual SPHINX and Mortar Board Faculty and Staff Reception. The event was hosted by the Ohio State University Alumni Association, Inc. and the Office of Academic Affairs to recognize faculty and staff who have made a difference in the college experiences of senior students.

www.quepasa.osu.edu

Normand, the Director of Community Outreach and Engagement for the Office of Diversity and Inclusion, will retire in May after 35 years of service to the Ohio State University. His expansive career includes outreach, diversity, and international education. We wish him well!

PHOTO FROM ¿QUÉ PASA, OSU? ARCHIVE

Autumn 2012 Graduates Associate's Degrees

Bachelor’s Degrees (continued)

Name

Citizen Degree

Major

Name

Citizen Degree

Major

Josh M Finn

USA

Cons. & Fam. Financial Svcs.

Abdiel E Solis

PAN

BS

International Business Admin.

Enrique A Terrones

USA

BS

Civil Engineering

Efrain Vazquez

USA

BS

Chemical Engineering

Nicholas E Villalba

USA

BS

Animal Sciences

AA

Autumn 2012 Graduates

Bachelor’s Degrees

26

Name

Citizen Degree

Major

Raquel Aguado Izquierdo

ESP

BA

Communication

Alexander J Aguirre

USA

BA

Japanese

Mateus Ashton

USA

BA

Psychology

Name

Citizen Degree

Major

Kierstin J Barney

USA

BA

Communication

Carmelo A Bazaco

ESP

MA

Spanish & Portuguese

Brittani Blazak

USA

BA

Psychology

Carlos H Bonilla

COL

MS

Aero. & Astronautical Engr.

Beatriz Carricaburu

USA

BA

Political Science

Santiago Cadavid Restrepo

COL

MS

Industrial & Systems Engr.

Olivia M Cora

USA

BA

Psychology

Maria V Cepeda

ECU

MS

Plant Pathology

Jose L Cruz

USA

BA

Spanish

Laurie R Dynes

USA

MS

Occupational Therapy

Yolanda J Gelo

USA

BA

Sociology

Maria T Eaton

USA

MS

Teaching & Learning

Audrey L Hanson

USA

BA

Speech and Hearing Science

Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto

VEN

MS

Civil Engineering

Adam E Jimenez

USA

BA

Communication

Monica E Lindgren

USA

MA

Psychology

Joshua S Miera

USA

BA

International Studies

Thiago V Marzagao

BRA

MA

Political Science

Jared E Newman

USA

BA

Spanish

Vittorio E Merola

SWE

MA

Political Science

James M Ordonez

USA

BA

English

Robert J Nava

USA

MS

Labor and Human Resources

Carolina Peguero

USA

BA

Journalism

Lumarie Perez-Guzman

USA

MS

Env. & Natural Resources

Raudo R Pena

USA

BA

Criminology

Melissa Pizarro Aguilar

CRI

MS

Industrial & Systems Engr.

Makenzie V Frank

USA

BFA

Art

David A Ramirez Cadavid

COL

MS

Food, Agr. & Biological Engr.

Marissa L Jamez

USA

BFA

Animal Sciences

Mario A Ramos Veloza

COL

MA

Economics

Yousef Alghothani

USA

BS

Biology

Gina M Shell

USA

MS

Teaching & Learning

Mary J Batista

USA

BS

Cons. & Fam. Financial Svcs.

Hugo A Taracena Pinzon

GTM

MS

Industrial & Systems Engr.

Nicole E Bayona

USA

BS

Chemical Engineering

Salvador Zamora

USA

MBOE

Business Op. Excellence

Karina M Bezerra

USA

BS

Operations Management

Sara H Bonilla-Larsen

USA

BS

Theatre

Joshua E Breto

USA

BS

City and Regional Planning

Joshua M Cano

USA

BS

Food Science and Nutrition

Marcos O Cruz

USA

BS

Microbiology

Name

Citizen Degree

Major

Hilary G Deason

USA

BS

Hospitality Management

Lina X Aguirre

COL

PHD

Spanish & Portuguese

Michael Falter

USA

BS

Sport and Leisure Studies

Michael J Alarid

USA

PHD

History

Oscar Flores

MEX

BS

Computer Science and Engr.

Patricia Casal

USA

PHD

Biomedical Engineering

Mara C Fuentes

USA

BS

Chemistry

Juan Castano Rojas

COL

PHD

Food, Agr. & Biological Engr.

Kelli B Galloway

USA

BS

Animal Sciences

Maria Del Pilar Chamorro

ESP

PHD

Spanish & Portuguese

David Gantos

USA

BS

Accounting

Angelo L Cintron

USA

PHARMD

Pharmacy

Tony G Herasme

USA

BS

Hospitality Management

Hector L Diaz

USA

PHD

Animal Sciences

Maria C Hernandez

COL

BS

Logistics Management

Lizanel Feliciano

USA

PHD

Food Science and Technology

Meagan M Matias

USA

BS

Civil Engineering

Alejandra Ferrer

VEN

PHD

Music

Kayla M Nedza

USA

BS

Sport and Leisure Studies

Frank J Kanayet

COL

PHD

Psychology

Nicholas J Pagan

USA

BS

Biochemistry

Stephen Levas

USA

PHD

Geological Sciences

Rica M Ramirez

USA

BS

Fashion and Retail Studies

Luis J Obregon

USA

DMA

Music

Sebastian A Rivas

USA

BS

Sport and Leisure Studies

Samuel Rivera

USA

PHD

Electrical Engineering

Diana C Rivera-Rodriguez

USA

BS

Political Science

Jennifer R Soliz

USA

PHD

Chemistry

Juan A Roman

USA

BS

Computer Sci. & Engineering

Pedro A Vargas-Pinto

COL

PHD

Comp. & Veterinary Med.

Matthew R Salas

USA

BS

Cons. & Fam. Financial Svcs.

Allison J Volz

USA

PHD

Teaching & Learning

Rebekah B Sanchez-Hodge

USA

BS

Animal Sciences

Michael R Smith

USA

BS

Cons. & Fam. Financial Svcs.

Master's Degrees

Doctoral Degrees

Los Guachos Taquería Expanded Location Accommodates Bustling Taco Business

PHOTO BY INDRA LEYVA

When we walked into Los Guachos, located in northwest Columbus, our eyes were immediately drawn to the huge spit of al pastor in the open kitchen. It’s what Los Guachos is known for; the spit with the adorning pineapple is even prominent in their logo. Despite its popularity on review sites such as Yelp, Los Guachos is quite easy to overlook—located in a non-descript strip mall on the corner of Godown and Bethel Roads—I’ve driven past the taquería many times in my five years in Columbus without realizing that it was there. When you go, keep an eye out for the brightly lit sign for AQUÍ, a moneytransfer store located next door.

Los Guachos, un rinconcito de México en Columbus, abrió sus puertas en Godown y Bethel hace unos años y se ha mantenido tan fuerte como el camión que lo originó. Los guachos es famoso por sus tacos al pastor, que a diferencia de muchos restaurantes mexicanos en el área, son preparado en el tradicional trompo, con su piña y su cebolla cocinándose a la par de la carne adobada.

Aside from the spit of meat, I was immediately struck by how much the

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restaurant felt like a place at which I would have eaten when I lived in Mexico. It is simply decorated with a few wall-hangings, including reproductions of Diego Rivera and newspaper clippings, televisions, an open kitchen, and tables with intricately carved wooden chairs. Many Mexican restaurants in Columbus attempt to create ambiance through use of bright colors and intricate tile mosaics, but in its simpler approach, Los Guachos ends up far more authentic in its atmosphere.

Similar a las taquerías tradicionales en México, el menú contiene una variedad de tacos preparados de diferentes maneras, así como las tradicionales tortas, quesadillas y burritos. A diferencia de otros lugares la atmósfera es la de una taquería tradicional, con sus salsas, limones y chiles preparados disponibles en cada mesa.

Los comensales hacen su pedido en la caja situada adyacente a la cocina.

Es importante mencionar que no esperen recibir totopos y salsa como en otros lugares o arroz y frijoles acompañando los platillos.

Fue agradable ver que han expandido el lugar ya que es un lugar bastante concurrido. Noten que es difícil acomodar grupos grandes, ya que las mesas solo pueden sentar cuatro personas.

Los Guachos is known for its tacos al pastor, boasting “The best Taco al Pastor in the city,” but for those who don’t eat pork, there are plenty of options. I ordered three fish tacos and a quesadilla, but there were a number of dishes with chicken and a several vegetarian options. The fish tacos were excellent—they came well garnished, even if the chipotle salsa topping was a bit too picante for my taste. The fish itself tasted fresh and was piping hot, as it should be. On the other hand, the quesadilla was rather ho-hum, and not something that I would recommend except as a side. I had the cheese quesadilla, but there are plenty of other options, including pastor, asada, and tripa for those who

are inclined.

Sabiendo de antemano que el fuerte del local, decidí pedir unos tacos al pastor.

Los tacos son servidos en su forma tradicional con su doble tortilla, piña, cilantro y cebolla. Me recordaron a las taquerías de donde crecí, los tacos son adornados con rebanadas de rábanos y pepinos. Cuando se trata de comer tacos, el secreto esta en las salsas; Los Guachos ofrece la ya tradicional salsa de tomate y una salsa de guajillo así como chiles habaneros marinados en salsa de soya y cebollas. Traté los tacos con cada una de las salsas y el último combinando las tres opciones. Para mi gusto, la mezcla de las tres fue la mejor, aunque quitaba un poco el sabor de la carne. Para aquellos que no han tratado estos tacos, recomiendo que dividan la carne entre las dos tortillas, esto hará más fácil comerlos. Los Guachos es el lugar perfecto para aquel que este buscando la experiencia de una taquería mexicana con precios económicos.

Don’t expect to pay a high price for great food—the generous tacos are a mere $2 a piece, and the quesadilla was just $1 more. After visiting, I can understand why Los Guachos is so well reviewed online.

They offer good food, quick service, and decent prices. Aside from the expanded location on Godown Rd., Los Guachos also has a taco truck on at 461 Commerce Sq. in Hilltop, in the vicinity of the new casino.

Los Guachos Taquería Los Guachos Taquería 5221 Godown Road Columbus, OH 43235 (614) 538-0211

����� Rating System:

5 chiles = Exceptional 4 chiles = Very good 3 chiles = Average 2 chiles = Poor 1 chile = Very poor

$$$$$

Spring Semester 2013

Food Review

A Bilingual Review by Doug Bush, PhD Candidate, Department of Spanish and Portuguese and Indra Leyva, Intercultural Specialist, Multicultural Center

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