Elementary Statistics Picturing the World, 7th Edition , Ron Larson , Betsy Farber Test Bank by Ace Test Banks

Elementary Statistics Picturing the World, 7th Edition By Ron Larson , Betsy Farber

Email: richard@qwconsultancy.com

Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics 1.1 An Overview of Statistics 1 Distinguish Between a Population and a Sample MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine whether the data set is a population or a sample. 1) The age of every fourth person entering a department store A) sample B) population 2) The age of each employee at a local grocery store A) population

B) sample

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Identify the population and the sample. 3) A survey of 1212 American households found that 52% of the households own a computer. 4) When 1348 American households were surveyed, it was found that 57% of them owned two cars. 5) A survey of 2625 elementary school children found that 28% of the children could be classified as obese. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the Venn diagram to identify the population and the sample. 6)

A) Population: Magazine subscribers; Sample; Magazine subscribers who renew their subscription B) Population: Magazine subscribers who renew their subscription; Sample: Magazine subscribers 2 Distinguish Between a Parameter and a Statistic SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Determine whether the numerical value is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning. 7) A recent survey by the alumni of a major university indicated that the average salary of 10,500 of its 200,000 graduates was $130,000. 8) The average salary of all assembly-line employees at a certain car manufacturer is $44,000. 9) A survey of 1040 students was taken from a university with 19,000 students.

3 Distinguish Between Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics or descriptive statistics. 10) The average age of the students in a statistics class is 20 years. A) descriptive statistics B) inferential statistics 11) The chances of winning the California Lottery are one chance in twenty-two million. A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics 12) There is a relationship between smoking cigarettes and getting emphysema. A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics 13) From past figures, it is predicted that 31% of the registered voters in California will vote in the June primary. A) inferential statistics B) descriptive statistics 14) Based on previous clients, a marriage counselor concludes that the majority of marriages that begin with cohabitation before marriage will result in divorce. B) descriptive statistics A) inferential statistics 4 Concepts SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 15) Explain the difference between a sample and a population. 16) If you had to do a statistical study, would you use a sample or a population? Why?

1.2 Data Classification 1 Distinguish Between Qualitative and Quantitative Data MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. 1) the colors of automobiles on a used car lot A) qualitative

B) quantitative

2) the number of complaint letters received by the United States Postal Service in a given day B) qualitative A) quantitative 3) the number of seats in a movie theater A) quantitative

B) qualitative

4) the numbers on the shirts of a girlʹs soccer team A) qualitative

B) quantitative

2 Classify Data with Respect to the Four Levels of Measurement MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Identify the data setʹs level of measurement. 5) hair color of women on a high school tennis team A) nominal B) ordinal

C) interval

D) ratio

6) numbers on the shirts of a girlʹs soccer team A) nominal B) ordinal

C) interval

D) ratio

7) ages of students in a statistic class A) ratio B) ordinal

C) interval

D) nominal

8) temperatures of 26 selected refrigerators A) interval B) ordinal

C) nominal

D) ratio

9) number of milligrams of tar in 30 cigarettes A) ratio B) ordinal

C) interval

D) nominal

10) number of pages in your statistics book A) ratio B) ordinal

C) interval

D) nominal

11) marriage status (married, single, or divorced) of the faculty at the University of Colorado A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio 12) list of 1240 social security numbers A) nominal B) ordinal

C) interval

D) ratio

13) the ratings of a movie ranging from ʺpoorʺ to ʺgoodʺ to ʺexcellentʺ A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval

D) ratio

14) the final grades (A, B, C, D, and F) for students in a statistics class A) ordinal B) nominal C) interval

D) ratio

15) the annual salaries for all teachers in California A) ratio B) ordinal

C) interval

D) nominal

16) list of zip codes for Chicago A) nominal

C) interval

D) ratio

B) ordinal

17) the nationalities listed in a recent survey (for example, Asian, European, or Hispanic). B) ordinal C) interval A) nominal

D) ratio

18) the amounts of fat (in grams) in 37 cookies A) ratio B) ordinal

D) nominal

C) interval

19) the years the summer Olympics were held in the United States A) interval B) ordinal C) nominal

D) ratio

20) numbers of touchdowns scored by a major university in five randomly selected games 5

3 1 A) ratio

4 B) ordinal

C) interval

D) nominal

21) the average daily temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) on five randomly selected days 21 23 21 30 27 A) interval

B) nominal

22) manuscripts rated ʺacceptableʺ or ʺunacceptableʺ A) ordinal B) nominal

C) ordinal

D) ratio

C) ratio

D) interval

23) the lengths (in minutes) of the top ten movies with respect to ticket sales in 2007 A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal

D) interval

24) the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph

A) nominal

B) interval

C) ordinal

D) ratio

C) ordinal

D) interval

25) the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph

A) ratio

B) nominal

3 Concepts SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 26) Explain the differences between the interval and ratio levels of measurement. 27) Explain why data expressed with the Celsius temperature scale is at the interval level of measurement rather than the ratio level.

1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design 1 Decide Whether Study is Observational Study or Experiment MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment. 1) A medical researcher obtains a sample of adults suffering from diabetes. She randomly assigns 89 people to a treatment group and 89 to a placebo group. The treatment group receives a medication over a period of three months and the placebo group receives a placebo over the same time frame. At the end of three months the patientsʹ symptoms are evaluated. B) observational study A) experiment 2) A poll is conducted in which professional musicians are asked their ages. B) experiment A) observational study 3) A pollster obtains a sample of students and asks them how they will vote on an upcoming referendum. A) observational study B) experiment 4) The personnel director at a large company would like to determine whether the company cafeteria is widely used by employees. She calls each employee and asks them whether they usually bring their own lunch, eat at the company cafeteria, or go out for lunch. B) experiment A) observational study 5) A scientist was studying the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield. She randomly assigned half of the plots on a farm to group one and the remaining plots to group two. On the plots in group one, the new fertilizer was used for a year. On the plots in group two, the old fertilizer was used. At the end of the year the average crop yield for the plots in group one was compared with the average crop yield for the plots in group two. B) observational study A) experiment 6) A researcher obtained a random sample of 100 smokers and a random sample of 100 nonsmokers. After interviewing all 200 participants in the study, the researcher compared the rate of depression among the smokers with the rate of depression among nonsmokers. A) observational study B) experiment SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Identify the experimental units and treatments used in the experiment. 7) A medical researcher center wants to test the effectiveness of a new diabetes medication. The company identifies 98 adults suffering from a similar form of diabetes. The subjects are randomly assigned to two groups. One group is given a medication and the other is given a placebo that looks exactly like the medication. After three months, the subjectsʹ symptoms are studied and compared. 2 Identify a Biased Sample SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 8) Explain what bias there is in a study done entirely online. 9) A report sponsored by the California Citrus Commission stated that cholesterol levels can be lowered by drinking at least one glass of a citrus product each day. Determine if the report is biased. 10) A local newspaper ran a survey by asking, ʺDo you support the deployment of a weapon that could kill millions of innocent people?ʺ Determine whether the survey question is biased.

3 Identify Sampling Techniques MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Identify the sampling technique used. 11) Thirty-five sophomores, 30 juniors and 33 seniors are randomly selected from 281 sophomores, 242 juniors and 529 seniors at a certain high school. A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic 12) Every fifth person boarding a plane is searched thoroughly. C) cluster B) random A) systematic

D) convenience

E) stratified

13) At a local community college, five statistics classes are randomly selected out of 20 and all of the students from each class are interviewed. A) cluster B) random C) convenience D) systematic E) stratified 14) A researcher randomly selects and interviews fifty male and fifty female teachers. A) stratified B) random C) cluster D) convenience

E) systematic

15) A researcher for an airline interviews all of the passengers on five randomly selected flights. B) random C) convenience D) systematic A) cluster

E) stratified

16) A community college student interviews everyone in a particular statistics class to determine the percentage of students that own a car. A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) systematic E) stratified 17) Based on 12,500 responses from 36,500 questionnaires sent to its alumni, a major university estimated that the annual salary of its alumni was $116,000 per year. A) random B) stratified C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic 18) In a recent television survey, participants were asked to answer ʺyesʺ or ʺnoʺ to the question ʺAre you in favor of the death penalty?ʺ Six thousand five hundred responded ʺyesʺ while 4700 responded ʺnoʺ. There was a fifty-cent charge for the call. C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic B) random A) convenience 19) A lobbyist for a major airspace firm assigns a number to each legislator and then uses a computer to randomly generate ten numbers. The lobbyist contacts the legislators corresponding to these numbers. C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic A) random B) convenience 20) To ensure customer satisfaction, every 20th phone call received by customer service will be monitored. A) systematic B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) convenience 21) A market researcher randomly selects 400 drivers under 45 years of age and 100 drivers over 45 years of age. B) random C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic A) stratified 22) To avoid working late, the quality control manager inspects the last 60 items produced that day. A) convenience B) random C) cluster D) stratified E) systematic 23) The names of 70 contestants are written on 70 cards. The cards are placed in a bag, and three names are picked from the bag. A) random B) stratified C) cluster D) convenience E) systematic 24) A researcher randomly selected 70 of the nationʹs middle schools and interviewed all of the teachers at each school. B) random C) stratified D) convenience E) systematic A) cluster Page 6 Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 25) After a hurricane, a disaster area is divided into 200 equal grids. Thirty of the grids are selected and every occupied household in the grid is interviewed to help focus relief efforts. Select the numbers of the first five grids that belong to the cluster sample. 16348

76938

90169

51392

55887

71015

09209

79157

26) There are 750 incoming freshmen attending a university this fall. A researcher wishes to send questionnaires to a sample of 30 of them to complete regarding their drinking habits. Select the numbers of the first five freshmen who belong to the simple random sample. 16348

76938

90169

51392

55887

71015

09209

79157

27) A college employs 85 faculty members. Without replacement, select the numbers of the five members who will serve on the tenure committee next year. 16348

76938

90169

51392

55887

71015

09209

79157

28) Of the 5000 outpatients released from a local hospital in the past year, one hundred were contacted and asked their opinion on the care they received. Select the first five patients who belong to the simple random sample. 16348

76938

90169

51392

55887

71015

09209

79157

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine whether you would take a census or use a sampling. If you would use a sampling, decide what sampling technique you would use. 29) The average age of the 80 residents of an assisted living center. A) census B) random sampling C) stratified sampling D) cluster sampling 4 Concepts SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 30) Explain the differences between cluster sampling and stratified sampling. 31) Explain the difference between a census and a sampling and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics Answer Key 1.1 An Overview of Statistics 1 Distinguish Between a Population and a Sample 1) A 2) A 3) population: collection of all American households; sample: collection of 1212 American households surveyed 4) population: collection of all American households; sample: collection of 1348 American households surveyed 5) population: elementary school children; sample: collection of 2625 elementary school children surveyed. 6) A 2 Distinguish Between a Parameter and a Statistic 7) It describes a statistic because the number $130,000 is based on a subset of the population. 8) It describes a parameter because the $44,000 is based on all the workers at the car manufacturer. 9) It describes a statistic because the number 1040 is based on a subset of the population. 3 Distinguish Between Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics 10) A 11) A 12) A 13) A 14) A 4 Concepts 15) A population is the collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest.. A sample is a subset of a population. 16) A sample would be used. It is usually impractical to obtain all the population data.

1.2 Data Classification 1 Distinguish Between Qualitative and Quantitative Data 1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 2 Classify Data with Respect to the Four Levels of Measurement 5) A 6) A 7) A 8) A 9) A 10) A 11) A 12) A 13) A 14) A 15) A 16) A 17) A 18) A 19) A 20) A 21) A 22) A 23) A 24) A 25) A Page 8 Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

3 Concepts 26) Data at the ratio level are similar to data at the interval level, but with the added property that a zero entry is an inherent zero (implies ʺnoneʺ). Also, for data at the ratio level a ratio of two data values can be formed so that one data value can be expressed as a multiple of another. 27) Such data is at the interval level rather than the ratio level because the temperature of 0°C does not represent a condition where no heat is present, so it is not an inherent zero as required by the ratio level. Also, ratios of two temperatures cannot be formed so that one data value is expressed as a multiple of the other. The temperature 2°C is not twice as warm as 1°C.

1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design 1 Decide Whether Study is Observational Study or Experiment 1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 5) A 6) A 7) The experimental units are the 98 adults in the study. The treatment is the new diabetes medication. 2 Identify a Biased Sample 8) The study may be biased because it is limited to people with computers. 9) A report sponsored by the citrus industry is much more likely to reach conclusions favorable to the industry. 10) The wording of the question is biased, as it tends to encourage negative responses. 3 Identify Sampling Techniques 11) A 12) A 13) A 14) A 15) A 16) A 17) A 18) A 19) A 20) A 21) A 22) A 23) A 24) A 25) 163, 169, 15, 92, 97 26) 163, 487, 693, 169, 513 27) 16, 34, 69, 38, 13 28) 1634, 3890, 1695, 1392, 1509 29) A 4 Concepts 30) In stratified sampling, members of the population are divided into two or more subsets, or strata, that share a similar characteristic. A sample is then randomly selected from each of the strata. A stratified sample has members from each segment of the population. In cluster sampling, the population is divided into naturally occurring subgroups, each having similar characteristics. All of the members in one or more (but not all) of the clusters are then selected. In a cluster sample, care must be taken to ensure that all clusters have similar characteristics. 31) A census is a count or measure of an entire population, while a sampling is a count or measure of part of a population. A census provides complete information but is often expensive, difficult, and time consuming to perform especially if the population is large. A sampling is less expensive and time consuming, however appropriate sampling techniques must be used to ensure that unbiased data are collected and that the sample is representative of the population. Even with the best sampling methods, sampling error can occur.

Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics 2.1 Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs 1 Interpret a Frequency Distribution MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the given frequency distribution to find the (a) class width. (b) class midpoints of the first class. (c) class boundaries of the first class. 1)

Height (in inches) Class Frequency, f 50 - 52 5 8 53 - 55 56 - 58 12 59 - 61 13 62 - 64 11 A) (a) 3 (b) 51 (c) 49.5-52.5

B) (a) 2 (b) 51.5 (c) 49.5-52.5

C) (a) 3 (b) 51 (c) 50-52

D) (a) 2 (b) 51.5 (c) 50-52

Phone Calls (per day) Class Frequency, f 8 - 11 18 12 - 15 23 16 - 19 38 20 - 23 47 24 - 27 32 A) (a) 4 (b) 9.5 (c) 7.5-11.5

B) (a) 3 (b) 10.5 (c) 8-11

C) (a) 4 (b) 10.5 (c) 8-11

D) (a) 3 (b) 9.5 (c) 7.5-11.5

Weight (in pounds) Class Frequency, f 135 - 139 6 140 - 144 4 145 - 149 11 150 - 154 15 155 - 159 8 A) (a) 5 (b) 137 (c) 134.5-139.5

B) (a) 5 (b) 137 (c) 135-139

C) (a) 4 (b) 137.5 (c) 134.5-139.5

D) (a) 4 (b) 137.5 (c) 135-139

Miles (per day) Class Frequency, f 1-2 9 3-4 22 5-6 28 7-8 15 9 - 10 4 A) (a) 2 (b) 1.5 (c) 0.5-2.5

B) (a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 0.5-2.5

C) (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1-2

D) (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1-2

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Use the maximum and minimum data entries and the number of classes to find the class width, the lower class limits, and the upper class limits. 5) min = 1, max = 30, 6 classes 6) min = 80, max = 265, 6 classes 2 Interpret Frequency Distribution Graphs MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 7) Use the ogive below to approximate the number in the sample.

A) 80

B) 100

C) 341

D) 28

8) Use the ogive below to approximate the cumulative frequency for 24 hours.

A) 63

B) 17

C) 27

D) 75

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Use the relative frequency histogram to a) identify the class with the greatest, and the class with the least, relative frequency. b) approximate the greatest and least relative frequencies. c) approximate the relative frequency of the fifth class. 9)

Use the given frequency distribution to construct a frequency histogram, a relative frequency histogram and a frequency polygon. 10) Height (in inches) Class Frequency, f 50 - 52 5 53 - 55 8 56 - 58 12 59 - 61 13 62 - 64 11

11)

Weight (in pounds) Class Frequency, f 135 - 139 6 140 - 144 4 145 - 149 11 150 - 154 15 155 - 159 8

Use the given frequency distribution to construct a cumulative frequency distribution and an ogive. 12) Phone Calls (per day) Class Frequency, f 8 - 11 18 12 - 15 23 16 - 19 38 20 - 23 47 24 - 27 32

13)

Height (in inches) Class Frequency, f 50 - 52 5 53 - 55 8 56 - 58 12 59 - 61 13 62 - 64 11

14)

Weight (in pounds) Class Frequency, f 135 - 139 6 140 - 144 4 145 - 149 11 150 - 154 15 155 - 159 8

15)

Miles (per day) Class Frequency, f 1-2 9 3-4 22 5-6 28 7-8 15 9 - 10 4

3 Construct a Frequency Distribution from Data Set MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 16) A city in the Pacific Northwest recorded its highest temperature at 73 degrees Fahrenheit and its lowest temperature at 22 degrees Fahrenheit for a particular year. Use this information to find the upper and lower limits of the first class if you wish to construct a frequency distribution with 10 classes. D) 22-26 B) 22-28 C) 17-27 A) 22-27

17) A sample of candies have weights that vary from 2.35 grams to 4.75 grams. Use this information to find the upper and lower limits of the first class if you wish to construct a frequency distribution with 12 classes. A) 2.35-2.55

B) 2.35-2.54

C) 2.35-2.65

D) 2.35-2.75

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. The grade point averages for 40 students are listed below. 2.0 3.1 2.2 3.0

3.2 2.4 2.2 4.0

1.8 2.4 1.7 4.0

2.9 2.3 0.5 2.1

0.9 1.6 3.6 1.9

4.0 1.6 3.4 1.1

3.3 4.0 1.9 0.5

2.9 3.1 2.0 3.2

3.6 3.2 3.0 3.0

0.8 1.8 1.1 2.2

18) Construct a frequency distribution, a relative frequency distribution, and a cumulative frequency distribution using eight classes. Include the midpoints of the classes. 19) Construct a frequency histogram, a relative frequency histogram and a frequency polygon using eight classes. 20) Construct an ogive using eight classes. The heights (in inches) of 30 adult males are listed below. 70 67 69

72 71 71

71 70 68

70 74 67

69 69 73

73 68 74

69 71 70

68 71 71

70 71 69

71 72 68

21) Construct a frequency distribution, a relative frequency distribution, and a cumulative frequency distribution using five classes. 22) Construct a frequency histogram using five classes. 23) Construct a relative frequency histogram using five classes. 24) Construct a frequency polygon using five classes. 25) Construct a ogive using five classes. The Highway Patrol, using radar, checked the speeds (in mph) of 30 passing motorists at a checkpoint. The results are listed below. 44 35 50

38 40 41

41 37 47

50 41 36

36 43 35

36 50 40

43 45 42

42 45 43

49 39 48

48 38 33

26) Construct a frequency distribution, a relative frequency distribution, and a cumulative frequency distribution using six classes. 27) Construct a frequency histogram, a relative frequency histogram and a frequency polygon using six classes. 28) Construct an ogive using six classes.

Provide an appropriate response. 29) Listed below are the ACT scores of 40 randomly selected students at a major university. 18 16 26 19

22 25 26 19

13 14 25 14

15 19 25 24

24 21 19 20

24 23 17 21

20 25 18 23

19 18 15 22

19 18 13 19

12 13 21 17

a) Construct a relative frequency histogram of the data, using eight classes. b) If the university wants to accept the top 90% of the applicants, what should the minimum score be? c) If the university sets the minimum score at 17, what percent of the applicants will be accepted? 4 Concepts SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 30) Explain the difference between class limits and class boundaries.

2.2 More Graphs and Displays 1 Interpret Data Sets MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Match the description of the sample with the correct plot. 1) Time (in minutes) it takes a sample of employees to drive to work B) A)

C) Key: 0 9 = 0.9 0 9 1 49 2 3678 3 01568 4 0

D) Key: 7 2 = 72 6 89 7 0233678 8 2456778 9 0115

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 2) The numbers of home runs that Sammy Sosa hit in the first 15 years of his major league baseball career are listed below. Make a stem-and-leaf plot for this data. What can you conclude about the data? 4 15 10 8 33 25 36 40 36 66 63 50 64 49 40 3) The numbers of home runs that Barry Bonds hit in the first 18 years of his major league baseball career are listed below. Make a stem-and-leaf plot for this data. What can you conclude about the data? 16 33

25 42

24 40

19 37

33 34

25 49

34 73

46 46

37 45

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 4) For the stem-and-leaf plot below, what is the maximum and what is the minimum entry? Key : 11 8 = 11.8 11 5 8 12 4 6 6 7 8 9 13 0 1 1 2 3 6 6 7 8 8 14 3 4 6 6 8 9 9 9 15 0 1 1 2 3 7 7 8 9 16 2 2 5 7 8 8 9 9 17 5 9 A) max: 17.9; min: 11.5 C) max: 17.5; min: 11.5

B) max: 179; min: 115 D) max: 17.9; min: 11.8

5) For the dot plot below, what is the maximum and what is the minimum entry?

A) max: 17; min: 12

B) max: 54; min: 15

C) max: 54; min: 12

D) max: 14; min: 12

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 6) The heights (in inches) of 30 adult males are listed below. Construct a stem-and-leaf chart for the data. What can you conclude about the data? 70 72 71 70 69 73 69 68 70 71 67 71 70 74 69 68 71 71 71 72 69 71 68 67 73 74 70 71 69 68 7) The Highway Patrol, using radar, checked the speeds (in mph) of 30 passing motorists at a checkpoint. The results are listed below. Construct a stem-and-leaf plot for the data, listing each stem twice. What can you conclude about the data? 44 35 50

38 40 41

41 37 47

50 41 36

36 43 35

36 50 40

43 45 42

42 45 43

49 39 48

48 38 33

2 Graph Data Sets MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 8) Display the data below in a stem-and-leaf plot.

B) 6 0455677799 7 0224589 8 1

5 6 7 8

9 456688899 0114589 1

5 6 7 8

0 0 7 1

D) 6 0466788899 7 0224579 8 1

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 9) The Highway Patrol, using radar, checked the speeds (in mph) of 30 passing motorists at a checkpoint. The results are listed below. Construct a dot plot for the data. 44 35 50

38 40 41

41 37 47

50 41 36

36 43 35

36 50 40

43 45 42

42 45 43

49 39 48

48 38 33

10) The heights (in inches) of 30 adult males are listed below. Construct a dot plot for the data. 70 67 69

72 71 71

71 70 68

70 74 67

69 69 73

73 68 74

69 71 70

68 71 71

70 71 71 72 69 68

11) A study was conducted to determine how people get jobs. Four hundred subjects were randomly selected and the results are listed below. Job Sources of Survey Respondents Frequency Newspaper want ads 69 Online services 124 Executive search firms 72 Mailings 32 Networking 103 Construct a pie chart of the data. 12) A study was conducted to determine how people get jobs. Four hundred subjects were randomly selected and the results are listed below. Job Sources of Survey Respondents Frequency Newspaper want ads 72 Online services 124 Executive search firms 69 Mailings 32 Networking 103 Construct a Pareto chart of the data. 13) The heights (in inches) of 30 adult males are listed below. Construct a Pareto chart for the data. 70 67 69

72 71 71

71 70 68

70 74 67

69 69 73

73 68 74

69 71 70

68 71 71

70 71 69

71 72 68

14) Use a scatter plot to display the data below. All measurements are in milligrams per cigarette. Brand Tar Nicotine Benson & Hedges 16 1.2 Lucky Strike 13 1.1 Marlboro 16 1.2 Viceroy 18 1.4 True 6 0.6

15) The numbers of home runs that Barry Bonds hit in the first 10 years of his major league baseball career are listed below. Use a scatter plot to display the data. Is there a relationship between the home runs and the batting averages? Home Runs 16 25 24 19 33 25 34 46 37 33 Batting Average .223 .261 .283 .248 .301 .292 .311 .336 .312 .294

16) The data below represent the numbers of absences and the final grades of 15 randomly selected students from a statistics class. Use a scatter plot to display the data. Is there a relationship between the studentsʹ absences and their final grades? Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Number of Absences 5 6 2 12 9 5 8 15 0 1 9 3 10 3 11

Final Grade as a Percent 79 78 86 56 75 90 78 48 92 78 81 86 75 89 65

17) The data below represent the infant mortality rates and the life expectancies for seven selected countries in Africa. Use a scatter plot to display the data. Infant Mortality Life Expectancy

63 45

199 31

71 51

61 47

67 39

35 70

194 37

18) The data below represent the smoking prevalence among U.S. adults over a 35 -year period. Use a time series chart to display the data. Describe any trends shown. Year Percent of Smokers

1965 42

1985 30

1990 25

1995 25

2000 23

19) A safety engineer wishes to use the following data to show the number of deaths from the collision of passenger cars with trucks on a particular highway. Use a time series chart to display the data. Describe any trends shown. Year 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Number of Deaths 12 17 22 21 16 13 11 12

20) Women were allowed to enter the Boston Marathon for the first time in 1972. Listed below are the winning womenʹs times (in minutes) for the first 10 years. Use a time series chart to display the data. Year 1972 Time 190

1973 186

1974 167

1975 162

1976 167

1977 168

1978 165

1979 155

1980 154

1981 147

21) The five longest winning streaks for NCAA Menʹs Division I Basketball are listed below. Construct a Pareto chart for the data. University Number of Games Indiana 57 51 San Francisco UCLA 76 Marquette 56 Kentucky 54

22) The lengths, in kilometers, of the worldʹs largest subway systems are listed below. Construct a Pareto chart for the data. City Length Moscow 340 Paris 211 London 415 Tokyo 281 New York City 371

23) The number of beds in a sample of 24 hospitals are listed below. Construct a stem -and-leaf plot for the data. 149 221 244

167 145 287

162 137 137

127 194 204

130 207 166

180 150 174

160 254 180

167 262 151

24) The number of minutes that a dentist kept 20 patients waiting beyond their appointment times are listed below. Construct a stem-and-leaf plot for the data. 12.9 10.7

12.1 9.6 10.0 13.0

9.8 9.7

11.5 11.4

13.0 12.8

10.5 11.9

10.3 9.3

15.7 9.6

11.3 10.1

25) A study was conducted to determine how certain families pay on their credit card balances. Two hundred families with a household annual income between $25,000 and $49,999 were randomly selected and the results are listed below. Construct a pie chart of the data. Payment schedule Almost always pay off balance Sometimes pay off balance Hardly ever pay off balance

Frequency 97 41 62

26) Of the 55 tornado fatalities in a recent year, the locations of the victims are listed below. Construct a pie chart of the data. Location Mobile home Permanent home Vehicle Business Unknown

Fatalities 37 10 4 2 2

27) The data below represent the alcohol-related driving fatalities, in thousands, in the United States over a 20-year period. Use a time series chart to display the data. Describe any trends shown. Year 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 Fatalities 25 23 24 22 20 18 18 17 17 17

28) The graph below shows the number of car accidents occurring in one city in each of the years 1 through 6. The number of accidents dropped in year 3 after a new speed limit was imposed. Does the graph distort the data? How would you redesign the graph to be less misleading?

2.3 Measures of Central Tendency 1 Interpret the Graph of a Distribution MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1) Determine whether the approximate shape of the distribution in the histogram is symmetric, uniform, skewed left, skewed right, or none of these.

A) skewed right

B) skewed left

C) symmetric

D) uniform

2) Determine whether the approximate shape of the distribution in the histogram is symmetric, uniform, skewed left, skewed right, or none of these.

A) skewed left

B) skewed right

C) symmetric

D) uniform

3) Find the mean, median, and mode of the data.

A) x = 70; median = 69; mode = 67

B) x ≈ 70.1; median = 69; mode = 68

C) x ≈ 70.3; median = 69; mode = 68

D) x = 70; median = 67; mode = 69

For the given data , construct a frequency distribution and frequency histogram of the data using five classes. Describe the shape of the histogram as symmetric, uniform, skewed left, or skewed right. 4) Data set: California Pick Three Lottery 3 6 7 6 0 6 1 7 8 4 1 5 7 5 9 1 5 3 9 9 2 2 3 0 8 8 4 0 2 4 A) uniform

B) symmetric

C) skewed left

D) skewed right

C) uniform

D) skewed right

5) Data set: California Pick Three Lottery 8 6 7 6 0 9 1 7 8 4 1 5 7 5 9 7 5 3 9 9 8 8 3 9 8 8 9 0 2 7 A) skewed left

B) symmetric

6) Data set: ages of 20 cars randomly selected in a student parking lot 12 6 4 9 11 1 7 8 9 8 9 13 5 15 7 6 8 8 2 1 A) symmetric B) uniform

C) skewed left

D) skewed right

7) Data set: systolic blood pressures of 20 randomly selected patients at a blood bank 135 120 115 132 136 124 119 145 98 110 125 120 115 130 140 105 116 121 125 108 B) uniform A) symmetric

C) skewed left

D) skewed right

Provide an appropriate response. 8) Use the histogram below to approximate the mode heart rate of adults in the gym.

A) 70

B) 42

C) 55

D) 2

9) Use the histogram below to approximate the median heart rate of adults in the gym.

A) 70

B) 65

C) 75

D) 42

10) Use the histogram below to approximate the mean heart rate of adults in the gym.

A) 70.8

B) 1425.7

C) 70

D) 31.6

2 Find the Mean, Median, and Mode SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 11) Find the mean, median, and mode of the following numbers: 96 99 92 96 89 97 96 90 91 94 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 12) The top 14 speeds, in miles per hour, for Pro-Stock drag racing over the past two decades are listed below. Find the mean speed. 181.1 201.2

202.2 193.2

190.1 201.2

201.4 194.5

A) 195.8

191.3 199.2

201.4 196.0

192.2 196.2

B) 196.1

C) 201.2

D) 210.9

13) The scores of the top ten finishers in a recent golf tournament are listed below. Find the mean score. 71

A) 71

72 C) 68

B) 67

D) 72

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 14) The numbers of runs batted in that Sammy Sosa hit in the first 15 years of his major league baseball career are listed below. Find the mean and median number of runs batted in. Round the mean to the nearest whole number. 13 119

70 158

33 141

25 138

93 160

70 108

119 103

100

15) The numbers of home runs that Barry Bonds hit in the first 18 years of his major league baseball career are listed below. Find the mean and median number of home runs. Round the mean to the nearest whole number. Which measure of central tendency- the mean or the median- best represents the data? Explain your reasoning. 16 33

25 42

24 40

19 37

33 34

25 49

34 73

46 46

37 45

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 16) The top 14 speeds, in miles per hour, for Pro-Stock drag racing over the past two decades are listed below. Find the median speed. 181.1 201.2

202.2 193.2

A) 196.1

190.1 201.2

201.4 194.5

191.3 199.2 B) 196.7

201.4 196.0

192.2 196.2 C) 195.8

D) 201.2

17) The scores of the top ten finishers in a recent golf tournament are listed below. Find the median score. 67 67 68

72 72

A) 72

73 76 B) 67

C) 71

D) 73

18) The top 14 speeds, in miles per hour, for Pro-Stock drag racing over the past two decades are listed below. Find the mode speed. 181.1 201.2

202.2 193.2

190.1 201.2

201.4 194.5

191.3 199.2

201.4 196.0

192.2 196.2

A) bimodal: 201.2, 201.4 C) 201.2

B) 201.4 D) no mode

19) The scores of the top ten finishers in a recent golf tournament are listed below. Find the mode score. 71 67 67 72 76 72 73 68 72 72 A) 72

B) 67

C) 76

D) 73

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 20) The amounts of money won by the top ten finishers in a recent Daytona 500 are listed below. Find the mean and median winnings. Round to the nearest dollar. Which measure- the mean or the median- best represents the data? Explain your reasoning. $2,194,246 $613,659

$464,084 $142,884

$164,096 $240,731

$199,209 $145,809

$438,834 $290,596

3 Find the Weighted Mean MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 21) A student receives test scores of 62, 83, and 91. The studentʹs final exam score is 88 and homework score is 76. Each test is worth 20% of the final grade, the final exam is 25% of the final grade, and the homework grade is 15% of the final grade. What is the studentʹs mean score in the class? D) 85.6 B) 76.6 C) 90.6 A) 80.6 22) Grade points are assigned as follows: A = 4, B = 3, C = 2, D = 1, and F = 0. Grades are weighted according to credit hours. If a student receives an A in a four-credit class, a D in a two-credit class, a B in a three-credit class and a C in a three-credit class, what is the studentʹs grade point average? D) 3.00 A) 2.75 B) 1.75 C) 2.50

4 Find the Mean of Frequency Distribution MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Approximate the mean of the frequency distribution. 23) Miles (per day) Frequency 1-2 16 3-4 24 5-6 17 7-8 20 9-10 23 A) 6 B) 5

C) 7

D) 20

24) Phone calls (per day) Frequency 8-11 1 12-15 3 16-19 23 20-23 17 24-27 20 A) 21 B) 20

C) 19

D) 22

E) 13

25) Weight (in pounds) Frequency 135-139 17 140-144 19 145-149 5 150-154 7 155-159 18 A) 146 B) 144

C) 148

D) 13

5 Concepts SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 26) What is the difference between using μ and x to represent a mean? 27) Why do data entries need to be ordered before the median can be found? 28) On a recent Statistics test, the scores were 15, 66, 66, 81, 82, 83, 85, 88, 90, 92, 93, and 95. Is the mean a good representation of the center of data? If not, why? 29) On a recent Statistics test, the scores were 15, 66, 66, 81, 82, 83, 85, 88, 90, 92, 93, and 95. Is the mode a good representation of the center of data? If not, why? MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 30) On a recent Statistics test, the scores were 61, 66, 68 , 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, and 93. Find the 10% trimmed mean of this data. B) 77 C) 38.5 D) 85 A) 82

31) The lengths of phone calls from one household (in minutes) were 2, 4, 6, 7, and 10 minutes. Find the midrange for this data. A) 6 minutes B) 2 minutes C) 10 minutes D) 7 minutes 32) The cost of five homes in a certain area is given. $144,000 $152,000 $172,000 $142,000 $1,222,000 Which measure of central tendency should be used? A) median B) mean

C) mode

D) midrange

33) The cost of five homes in a certain area is given. $176,000 $184,000 $204,000 $174,000 $1,254,000 List any outlier(s). A) $1,254,000 C) $1,254,000 and $176,000

B) $176,000 D) There are no outliers.

34) The cost of five homes in a certain area is given. $211,000 $219,000 $239,000 $209,000 $1,289,000 Calculate the midrange. A) $540,000

B) $219,000

C) $1,080,000

D) $433,400

2.4 Measures of Variation 1 Find Measures of Variation MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1) For the stem-and-leaf plot below, find the range of the data set. Key: 2 7 = 27 1 2 2 3 3 4

1 5 6 6 6 7 8 9 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 0 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 9 0 5 A) 34

B) 45

C) 11

D) 36

2) Find the range of the data set represented by the graph.

A) 6

B) 17

C) 20

D) 5

3) The grade point averages for 10 students are listed below. Find the range of the data set. 2.0 3.2 1.8 2.9 0.9 4.0 3.3 2.9 3.6 0.8 A) 3.2 B) 2.45

C) 1.4

D) 2.8

4) The heights (in inches) of 20 adult males are listed below. Find the range of the data set. 70 72 71 70 69 73 69 68 70 71 67 71 70 74 69 68 71 71 71 72 B) 5 A) 7

C) 6

D) 6.5

C) 2.1

D) 6.3

C) 29.1

D) 15.8

C) 1.6

D) 2.8

5) Find the sample standard deviation. 2

6 15 A) 7.1

19 B) 6.8

6) Find the sample standard deviation. 15

42 53 A) 17.8

47 B) 16.6

7) Find the sample standard deviation. 22

29 21 A) 4.8

27 28

36 B) 4.2

8) The heights (in inches) of 10 adult males are listed below. Find the sample standard deviation of the data set. 70 72 71 70 69 73 69 68 70 71 A) 1.49 B) 70

C) 3

D) 2.38

9) Sample annual salaries (in thousands of dollars) for public elementary school teachers are listed. Find the sample standard deviation. 18.6 22.9 29.5 35.5 12.6 23.3 A) 8.04 B) 32.50

C) 3702.52

D) 3379.63

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 10) The heights (in inches) of all 10 adult males in an office are listed below. Find the population standard deviation and the population variance. 70 72 71 70 69 73 69 68 70 71 11) In a random sample, 10 students were asked to compute the distance they travel one way to school to the nearest tenth of a mile. The data is listed below. Compute the range, standard deviation and variance of the data. 1.1 5.2 3.6 5.0 4.8 1.8 2.2 5.2 1.5 0.8 2 Interpret Data MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 12) Without performing any calculations, use the stem-and-leaf plots to determine which statement is accurate. (i) 0 9 1 58 2 3377 3 25 4 1

(ii)

10 9 11 5 8 12 3 3 7 7 13 2 5 14 1

(iii) 0 1 5 2 33337777 3 5 4

A) Data sets (i) and (ii) have the same standard deviation. B) Data set (ii) has the greatest standard deviation. C) Data set (i) has the smallest standard deviation. D) Data sets (i) and (iii) have the same range.

13) You are asked to compare three data sets. Without calculating, determine which data set has the greatest sample standard deviation and which has the least sample standard deviation. (i)

(ii)

(iii)

A) Greatest sample standard deviation: (i) Least sample standard deviation: (iii) C) Greatest sample standard deviation: (iii) Least sample standard deviation: (ii)

B) Greatest sample standard deviation: (i) Least sample standard deviation: (ii) D) Greatest sample standard deviation: (iii) Least sample standard deviation: (i)

14) You are asked to compare three data sets. Without calculating, determine which data set has the greatest sample standard deviation and which has the least sample standard deviation. (i)

(ii) 2 3 4 5 6

6 4 003399 8 1

(iii) 2 3 4 4 00033399 5 8 6

A) Greatest sample standard deviation: (iii) Least sample standard deviation: (ii) C) Greatest sample standard deviation: (i) Least sample standard deviation: (ii)

2 3 4 5 6

6 45 0399 89 1 B) Greatest sample standard deviation: (iii) Least sample standard deviation: (i) D) Greatest sample standard deviation: (i) Least sample standard deviation: (iii)

3 Compare Two Data Sets SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 15) You need to purchase a battery for your car. There are two types available. Type A has a mean life of five years and a standard deviation of one year. Type B has a mean life of five years and a standard deviation of one month. Both batteries cost the same. Which one should you purchase if you are concerned that your car will always start? Explain your reasoning. 16) Here are the batting averages of Sammy Sosa and Barry Bonds for 13 recent years. Which player is more consistent? Explain your reasoning. Sammy Sosa 0.203 0.260 0.261 0.300 0.268 0.273 0.251 0.308 0.288 0.320 0.328 0.288 0.279 Barry Bonds 0.292 0.311 0.336 0.312 0.294 0.308 0.291 0.303 0.262 0.306 0.328 0.370 0.341

17) You are the maintenance engineer for a local high school. You must purchase fluorescent light bulbs for the classrooms. Should you choose Type A with μ = 3000 hours and σ = 200 hours, or Type B with μ = 3000 hours and σ = 250 hours? 4 Use the Empirical Rule MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 18) The mean IQ score of adults is 100, with a standard deviation of 15. Use the Empirical Rule to find the percentage of adults with scores between 70 and 130. (Assume the data set has a bell -shaped distribution.) B) 68% C) 99.7% D) 100% A) 95% 19) The mean score of a placement exam for entrance into a math class is 80, with a standard deviation of 10. Use the Empirical Rule to find the percentage of scores that lie between 60 and 80. (Assume the data set has a bell-shaped distribution.) D) 95% B) 68% C) 34% A) 47.5% 20) The mean IQ score of students in a particular calculus class is 110, with a standard deviation of 5. Use the Empirical Rule to find the percentage of students with an IQ above 120. (Assume the data set has a bell -shaped distribution.) B) 11.15% C) 13.5% D) 15.85% A) 2.5% 21) The mean score of a competency test is 73, with a standard deviation of 4. Use the Empirical Rule to find the percentage of scores between 69 and 77. (Assume the data set has a bell-shaped distribution.) A) 68% B) 50% C) 95% D) 99.7% 22) The mean score of a competency test is 82, with a standard deviation of 2. Between what two values do about 99.7% of the values lie? (Assume the data set has a bell-shaped distribution.) B) Between 80 and 84 C) Between 78 and 86 D) Between 74 and 90 A) Between 76 and 88 23) The mean length of a human pregnancy is 269 days, with a standard deviation of 9 days. Use the Empirical Rule to determine the percentage of women whose pregnancies are between 260 and 278 days. (Assume the data set has a bell-shaped distribution.) D) 99.7% B) 50% C) 95% A) 68%

24) The mean SAT verbal score is 431, with a standard deviation of 96. Use the Empirical Rule to determine what percent of the scores lie between 431 and 527. (Assume the data set has a bell-shaped distribution.) A) 34% B) 68% C) 49.9% D) 47.5% 25) The mean SAT verbal score is 447, with a standard deviation of 95. Use the Empirical Rule to determine what percent of the scores lie between 352 and 447. (Assume the data set has a bell-shaped distribution.) A) 34% B) 68% C) 49.9% D) 47.5% 26) The mean SAT verbal score is 450, with a standard deviation of 91. Use the Empirical Rule to determine what percent of the scores lie between 450 and 632. (Assume the data set has a bell-shaped distribution.) A) 47.5% B) 68% C) 34% D) 49.9% 27) The mean SAT verbal score is 419, with a standard deviation of 96. Use the Empirical Rule to determine what percent of the scores lie between 227 and 515. (Assume the data set has a bell-shaped distribution.) A) 81.5% B) 68% C) 34% D) 83.9% 28) The mean monthly rent for a sample of studio apartments in one city is $1220 with a standard deviation of $210. The monthly rents for eight more studio apartments in the city are listed. Using the sample statistics above, determine which of the data values are unusual. Are any of the data values very unusual? Explain. (Assume the data set has a bell-shaped distribution.) $1073, $1577, $1682, $1892, $821, $1703, $1346, $695 A) $1682, $1892, $1703, $695 are unusual because they are more than 2 standard deviations from the mean. $1892 is very unusual because it is more than 3 standard deviations from the mean. B) $1577, $1682, $1892, $821, $1703, $695 are unusual because they are more than 1 standard deviation from the mean. $1682, $1892, $1703, $695 are very unusual because they are more than 2 standard deviations from the mean. C) $1892 is unusual because it is more than 3 standard deviations from the mean. There are no values that are very unusual because no value is more than 4 standard deviations from the mean. D) $1682, $1892, $821, $1703, $695 are unusual because they are more than 2 standard deviations from the mean. $1892 and $695 are very unusual because they are more than 3 standard deviations from the mean. 5 Use Chebychevʹs Theorem SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 29) Heights of adult women have a mean of 63.6 in. and a standard deviation of 2.5 in. Does Chebyshevʹs Theorem say about the percentage of women with heights between 58.6 in. and 68.6 in.? 30) Heights of adult women have a mean of 63.6 in. and a standard deviation of 2.5 in. Apply Chebyshevʹs Theorem to the data using k = 3. Interpret the results.

6 Use Grouped Data to Calculate a Mean and Standard Deviation MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the grouped data formulas to find the indicated mean or standard deviation. 31) The salaries of a random sample of a companyʹs employees are summarized in the frequency distribution below. Approximate the sample mean. Salary ($) Employees 5,001-10,000 11 10,001-15,000 10 18 15,001-20,000 20,001-25,000 18 25,001-30,000 23 A) $19,500.50

B) $17,500

C) $21,450.55

D) $17,550.45

32) The speeds of a random sample of 100 cars are recorded as they pass a highway checkpoint. The results are summarized in the frequency distribution below. Approximate the sample mean. Speed (mph) Cars 30-39 3 40-49 18 50-59 52 60-69 16 70-79 11 A) 55.9 mph

B) 54.5 mph

C) 61.5 mph

D) 58.7 mph

33) The manager of a bank recorded the amount of time a random sample of customers spent waiting in line during peak business hours one Monday. The frequency distribution below summarizes the results. Approximate the sample mean. Round your answer to one decimal place. Waiting time Number of (minutes) customers 0-3 12 12 4-7 8 - 11 10 12 - 15 6 16 - 19 5 20 - 23 3 24 - 27 1 A) 8.9 min

B) 13.5 min

C) 7.0 min

D) 9.1 min

34) The heights of a random sample of professional basketball players are summarized in the frequency distribution below. Approximate the sample mean. Round your answer to one decimal place. Height (in.) Frequency 70 - 71 1 72 - 73 8 74 - 75 13 76 - 77 10 78 - 79 11 80 - 81 4 82 - 83 1 A) 76.1 in.

B) 13.5 in.

C) 74.5 in.

D) 77.7 in.

35) A random sample of 30 high school students is selected. Each student is asked how many hours he or she spent on the Internet during the previous week. The results are shown in the histogram. Estimate the sample mean.

A) 7.9 hr

B) 7.7 hr

C) 8.1 hr

D) 8.3 hr

36) A random sample of 25 community service projects is selected and the scores are recorded. The results are shown in the histogram. Estimate the sample mean.

A) 97.1

B) 97.3

C) 96.9

D) 96.7

37) For the following data set, approximate the sample standard deviation. Miles (per day) Frequency 1-2 9 3-4 22 5-6 28 7-8 15 9-10 4 A) 2.1

B) 5.1

C) 2.9

D) 1.6

38) For the following data set, approximate the sample standard deviation. Phone calls (per day) Frequency 8-11 18 12-15 23 16-19 38 20-23 47 24-27 32 A) 5.1

B) 18.8

C) 2.9

D) 3.2

39) For the following data set, approximate the sample standard deviation. Height (in inches) Frequency 50-52 5 53-55 8 56-58 12 59-61 13 62-64 11 A) 3.85

B) 1.86

C) 2.57

D) 0.98

40) A random sample of 30 high school students is selected. Each student is asked how many hours he or she spent on the Internet during the previous week. The results are shown in the histogram. Estimate the sample standard deviation.

A) 2.4 hr

B) 2.2 hr

C) 2.6 hr

D) 2.0 hr

7 Use Formulas to Analyze Data SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 41) For the data below, find Pearsonʹs index of skewness. The data set: The systolic blood pressures of 20 randomly selected patients at a blood bank. 130 120 115 132 136 124 119 145 98 110 125 120 115 130 140 105 116 121 125 108 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 42) In a random sample, 10 students were asked to compute the distance they travel one way to school to the nearest tenth of a mile. The data is listed below. a) If a constant value k is added to each value, how will the standard deviation be affected? b) If each value is multiplied by a constant k, how will the standard deviation be affected? 1.1 5.2 3.6 5.0 4.8 1.8 2.2 5.2 1.5 0.8 A) The standard deviation will not be affected. B) The standard deviation will be multiplied by the constant k. 8 Compute the Coefficient of Variation SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 43) In a random sample, 10 students were asked to compute the distance they travel one way to school to the nearest tenth of a mile. The data is listed below. Compute the coefficient of variation. 1.1 5.2 3.6 5.0 4.8 1.8 2.2 5.2 1.5 0.8 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Find the coefficient of variation for each of the two sets of data, then compare the variation. Round results to one decimal place. 44) Listed below are the systolic blood pressures (in mm Hg) for a sample of men aged 20 -29 and for a sample of men aged 60-69. Men aged 20-29: 121 122 129 118 131 123 Men aged 60-69: 128 152 138 125 164 139 A) Men aged 20-29: 4.0% Men aged 60-69: 10.5 % There is substantially more variation in blood pressures of the men aged 60-69. B) Men aged 20-29: 4.2% Men aged 60-69: 10.9% There is substantially more variation in blood pressures of the men aged 60-69. C) Men aged 20-29: 3.8% Men aged 60-69: 8.5% There is substantially more variation in blood pressures of the men aged 60 -69. D) Men aged 20-29: 6.6% Men aged 60-69: 4.8% There is more variation in blood pressures of the men aged 20-29.

45) The customer service department of a phone company is experimenting with two different systems. On Monday they try the first system which is based on an automated menu system. On Tuesday they try the second system in which each caller is immediately connected with a live agent. A quality control manager selects a sample of seven calls each day. He records the time for each customer to have his or her question answered. The times (in minutes) are listed below. Automated Menu: 11.2 7.8 4.1 2.9 9.2 6.3 5.5 Live agent: 6.3 2.5 4.9 4.1 3.4 5.2 3.7 A) Automated Menu: 43.2% Live agent: 29.4% There is substantially more variation in the times for the automated menu system. B) Automated Menu: 44.8% Live agent: 30.5% There is substantially more variation in the times for the automated menu system. C) Automated Menu: 46.4% Live agent: 31.6% There is substantially more variation in the times for the automated menu system. D) Automated Menu: 24.0% Live agent: 46.3% There is substantially more variation in the times for the live agent. 46) Compare the variation in heights to the variation in weights of thirteen-year old girls. The heights (in inches) and weights (in pounds) of nine randomly selected thirteen-year old girls are listed below. Heights (inches): 59.4 61.3 62.3 64.7 60.1 58.3 64.6 63.7 66.1 Weights (pounds): 87 96 91 119 96 90 123 98 139 A) Heights: 4.3% Weights: 17.4% There is substantially more variation in the weights than in the heights of the girls. B) Heights: 4.1% Weights: 16.5% There is substantially more variation in the weights than in the heights of the girls. C) Heights: 3.9% Weights: 15.7% There is substantially more variation in the weights than in the heights of the girls. D) Heights: 11.4% Weights: 6.6% There is substantially more variation in the heights than in the weights of the girls.

2.5 Measures of Position 1 Create or Interpret a Box-and-whisker Plot MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1) The test scores of 30 students are listed below. Find the five -number summary. 31 41 45 48 52 55 56 58 63 65 67 67 69 70 70 74 75 78 79 79 80 81 83 85 85 87 90 92 95 99 A) Min = 31, Q1 = 58, Q2 = 72, Q3 = 83, Max = 99

B) Min = 31, Q1 = 58, Q2 = 70, Q3 = 83, Max = 99

C) Min = 31, Q1 = 57, Q2 = 70, Q3 = 81, Max = 99

D) Min = 31, Q1 = 57, Q2 = 72, Q3 = 81, Max = 99

2) The weights (in pounds) of 30 preschool children are listed below. Find the five -number summary. 25 25 26 26.5 27 27 27.5 28 28 28.5 29 29 30 30 30.5 31 31 32 32.5 32.5 33 33 34 34.5 35 35 37 37 38 38 A) Min = 25, Q1 = 28, Q2 = 30.75, Q3 = 34, Max = 38 B) Min = 25, Q1 = 28, Q2 = 30.5, Q3 = 34, Max = 38 C) Min = 25, Q1 = 27.5, Q2 = 30.75, Q3 = 33, Max = 38 D) Min = 25, Q1 = 27.5, Q2 = 30.5, Q3 = 33.5, Max = 38 SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 3) The weights (in pounds) of 30 preschool children are listed below. Find the interquartile range of the 30 weights listed below. What can you conclude from the result? 25 25 26 26.5 27 27 27.5 28 28 28.5 29 29 30 30 30.5 31 31 32 32.5 32.5 33 33 34 34.5 35 35 37 37 38 38 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 4) The cholesterol levels (in milligrams per deciliter) of 30 adults are listed below. Find the interquartile range for the cholesterol level of the 30 adults. 154 156 165 165 170 171 172 180 184 185 189 189 190 192 195 198 198 200 200 200 205 205 211 215 220 220 225 238 255 265 B) 30 A) 31

C) 211

D) 180

5) The cholesterol levels (in milligrams per deciliter) of 30 adults are listed below. Find Q1 . 154 156 189 189 205 205 A) 180

165 190 211

165 192 215

170 195 220

171 198 220

172 180 198 200 225 238 B) 200

184 200 255

185 200 265 C) 184.5

D) 171

C) 38

D) None

C) 32, 36

D) None

6) Use the data to identify any outliers. 38 43 55 65 66 68 70 73 74 76 80 82 87 90 99 A) 38, 43

B) 38, 99

7) Use the data to identify any outliers. 16 27 1 32 15 5 18 9 20 14 17 19 16 10 21 28 14 36 18 A) 1, 32, 36

B) 1, 36

8) Use the data to identify any outliers. 15 18 18 19 22 23 24 24 24 24 25 26 26 27 28 28 30 32 33 40 42 A) 40, 42

B) 42

C) 15, 42

D) None

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 9) The test scores of 30 students are listed below. Draw a box-and-whisker plot that represents the data. 31 41 45 48 52 55 56 56 63 65 67 67 69 70 70 74 75 78 79 79 80 81 83 85 85 87 90 92 95 99

10) The cholesterol levels (in milligrams per deciliter) of 30 adults are listed below. Draw a box -and-whisker plot that represents the data. 154 156 165 165 170 171 172 180 184 185 189 189 190 192 195 198 198 200 200 200 205 205 211 215 220 220 225 238 255 265

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 11) Use the box-and-whisker plot below to determine which statement is accurate.

A) One half of the cholesterol levels are between 180 and 211. B) One half of the cholesterol levels are between 180 and 197.5. C) About 25% of the adults have cholesterol levels of at most 211. D) About 75% of the adults have cholesterol levels less than 180.

2 Calculate or Compare z-scores SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 12) The midpoints A, B, and C are marked on the histogram. Without calculating, match them with the indicated z-scores. Which z-scores, if any, would be considered unusual? z=0 z = -1.40 z = 2.06

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 13) Find the z-score for the value 79, when the mean is 55 and the standard deviation is 5. A) z = 4.80 B) z = 4.60 C) z = -1.35

D) z = 1.35

14) Many firms use on-the-job training to teach their employees computer programming. Suppose you work in the personnel department of a firm that just finished training a group of its employees to program, and you have been requested to review the performance of one of the trainees on the final test that was given to all trainees. The mean and standard deviation of the test scores are 75 and 2, respectively, and the distribution of scores is bell-shaped and symmetric. Suppose the trainee in question received a score of 68. Compute the traineeʹs z-score. B) z = 3.5 C) z = -0.88 D) z = 0.88 A) z = -3.50 15) A radio station claims that the amount of advertising per hour of broadcast time has an average of 12 minutes and a standard deviation equal to 1.2 minutes. You listen to the radio station for 1 hour, at a randomly selected time, and carefully observe that the amount of advertising time is equal to 15 minutes. Calculate the z-score for this amount of advertising time. C) z = -1.15 D) z = 1.15 B) z = -2.50 A) z = 2.50 SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 16) Test scores for a history class had a mean of 79 with a standard deviation of 4.5. Test scores for a physics class had a mean of 69 with a standard deviation of 3.7. Suppose a student gets a 59 on the history test and a 55 on the physics test. Calculate the z-score for each test. On which test did the student perform better?

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 17) For the mathematics part of the SAT the mean is 514 with a standard deviation of 113, and for the mathematics part of the ACT the mean is 20.6 with a standard deviation of 5.1. Bob scores a 660 on the SAT and a 27 on the ACT. Use z-scores to determine on which test he performed better. B) ACT A) SAT 18) The birth weights for twins are normally distributed with a mean of 2353 grams and a standard deviation of 647 grams. Use z-scores to determine which birth weight could be considered unusual. A) 3647 g B) 1200 g C) 2000 g D) 2353 g 3 Find the Midquartile MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 19) The ages of 10 grooms at their first marriage are listed below. Find the midquartile. 35.1 24.3 46.6 41.6 32.9 26.8 39.8 21.5 45.7 33.9 A) 34.2

B) 43.7

C) 34.1

D) 34.5

4 Find a Percentile MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 20) The graph below is an ogive of scores on a math test. Percentile Ranks of Math Test Scores 100 90 80

Percentile

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Test Score

Use the graph to approximate the percentile rank of an individual whose test score is 60. A) 37 B) 70 C) 42 D) 65

21) The graph below is an ogive of scores on a math test. Percentile Ranks of Math Test Scores 100 90 80

Percentile

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Test Score

Use the graph to approximate the test score that corresponds to the 50th percentile? A) 68 B) 20 C) 62

D) 25

22) The cholesterol levels (in milligrams per deciliter) of 30 adults are listed below. Find the percentile that corresponds to a cholesterol level of 238 milligrams per deciliter. 154 156 165 165 170 171 172 180 184 185 189 189 190 192 195 198 198 200 200 200 205 205 211 215 220 220 225 238 255 265 B) 30th percentile A) 90th percentile

C) 40th percentile

D) 50th percentile

23) The test scores of 30 students are listed below. Find the percentile that corresponds to a score of 74. 31 41 45 48 52 55 56 56 63 65 67 67 69 70 70 74 75 78 79 79 80 81 83 85 85 87 90 92 95 99 B) 90th percentile A) 50th percentile

C) 30th percentile

D) 40th percentile

24) The test scores of 30 students are listed below. Which test scores are above the 75th percentile? 31 41 45 48 52 55 56 56 63 65 67 67 69 70 70 74 75 78 79 79 80 81 83 85 85 87 90 92 95 99 A) 85, 85, 87, 90, 92, 95, 99 C) 83, 85, 85, 87, 90, 92, 95, 99

B) 90, 92, 95, 99 D) 87, 90, 92, 95, 99

25) The weights (in pounds) of 30 preschool children are listed below. Which weights are below the 25th percentile? 25 29 33

25 26 26.5 27 27 27.5 29 30 30 30.5 31 31 33 34 34.5 35 35 37 A) 25, 25, 26, 26.5, 27, 27, 27.5 C) 25, 25, 26, 26.5, 27, 27

28 32 37

28 28.5 32.5 32.5 38 38 B) 25, 25, 26, 26.5, 27, 27, 27.5, 28, 28 D) 25, 25, 26, 26.5

26) A teacher gives a 20-point quiz to 10 students. The scores are listed below. What percentile corresponds to the score of 12? 20 8 10 7 15 16 12 19 14 9 A) 40 B) 13

C) 25

D) 12

27) In a data set with a minimum value of 54.5 and a maximum value of 98.6 with 300 observations, there are 186 points less than 81.2. Find the percentile for 81.2. B) 71 C) 68 D) 53 A) 62 28) The cholesterol levels (in milligrams per deciliter) of 30 adults are listed below. Find the percentile that corresponds to cholesterol level of 195. 154 156 165 165 170 171 172 180 184 185 189 189 190 192 195 198 198 200 200 200 205 205 211 215 220 220 225 238 255 265 A) 50 B) 12

C) 33

D) 58

5 Concepts SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 29) A studentʹs score on the SAT-1 placement test for U.S. history is in the 90th percentile. What can you conclude about the studentʹs test score?

Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics Answer Key 2.1 Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs 1 Interpret a Frequency Distribution 1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 5) Class width = 5, Lower class limits: 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26; Upper class limits: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 6) Class width = 31, Lower class limits: 80, 111, 142, 173, 204, 235; Upper class limits: 110, 141, 172, 203, 234, 265 2 Interpret Frequency Distribution Graphs 7) A 8) A 9) a) Class with greatest relative frequency: 105-115 mm Hg Class with least relative frequency: 145-155 mm Hg b) Greatest relative frequency ≈ 0.35 Least relative frequency ≈ 0.03 c) Approximately 0.08 10)

11)

12)

Phone Calls (per day) Class Frequency, f Cumulative frequency 8 - 11 18 18 12 - 15 23 41 16 - 19 38 79 20 - 23 47 126 24 - 27 32 158

13)

Height (in inches) Class Frequency, f Cumulative frequency 50 - 52 5 5 53 - 55 8 13 56 - 58 12 25 59 - 61 13 38 62 - 64 11 49

14)

Weight (in pounds) Class Frequency, f Cumulative frequency 135 - 139 6 6 140 - 144 4 10 145 - 149 11 21 150 - 154 15 36 155 - 159 8 44

15)

Miles (per day) Class Frequency, f Cumulative frequency 1-2 9 9 3-4 22 31 5-6 28 59 7-8 15 74 9 - 10 4 78

3 Construct a Frequency Distribution from Data Set 16) A 17) A 18) GPA Frequency Midpoint Relative Frequency Cumulative Frequency 0.5-0.9 4 0.7 0.10 4 1.0-1.4 2 1.2 0.05 6 1.5-1.9 7 1.7 0.175 13 2.0-2.4 9 2.2 0.225 22 2.5-2.9 2 2.7 0.05 24 3.0-3.4 10 3.2 0.25 34 3.5-3.9 2 3.7 0.05 36 4.0-4.4 4 4.2 0.10 40

19)

20)

21) Height (in inches) Frequency Relative Frequency Cumulative Frequency 67.0-68.4 6 0.20 6 68.5-69.9 5 0.167 11 70.0-71.4 13 0.433 24 71.5-72.9 2 0.067 26 73.0-74.4 4 0.133 30

22) 23)

24)

25) 26) Speed (in mph) Frequency Relative Frequency Cumulative Frequency 33-35 3 0.10 3 36-38 6 0.20 9 39-41 6 0.20 15 42-44 6 0.20 21 45-47 3 0.10 24 48-50 6 0.20 30

27)

28)

29) a) See graph below b) The minimum score = 14 c) The university will accept 76.57% of the applicants.

4 Concepts 30) Class limits determine which numbers can belong to that class. Class boundaries are the numbers that separate classes without forming gaps between them.

2.2 More Graphs and Displays 1 Interpret Data Sets 1) A 2) Key: 0 4 = 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

4 8 0 5 5 3 6 6 0 0 9 0 3 4 6

Most of these years he hit 36 or more home runs. 3) Key: 1 6 = 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6 9 4 5 5 3 3 4 4 7 7 0 2 5 6 6 9

Most of these years he hit between 33 and 49 home runs. 4) A 5) A

6) Key: 6 7 = 67 6 7

7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

Most of these males had heights of 70 or more inches. 7) Key: 3 3 = 33 3 3 4 4 5 5

3 5 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 9 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 7 8 8 9 0 0 0

Most of the motorists were going 40 - 49 miles per hour. 2 Graph Data Sets 8) A 9)

10)

11)

12)

13)

14)

15)

In general, there appears to be a relationship between the home runs and batting averages. As the number of home runs increased, the batting averages increased.

16)

In general, there appears to be a relationship between the absences and the final grades. As the number of absences increased, the studentsʹ final grades decreased. 17)

18)

19)

It appears the number of deaths peaked in 1950. 20)

21)

22)

23) Key: 12 7 = 127 12 7 13 0 7 7 14 5 9 15 0 1 16 0 2 6 7 7 17 4 18 0 0 19 4 20 4 7 21 22 1 23 24 4 25 4 26 2 27 28 7 24) Key: 9 3 = 9.3 9 36678 10 0 1 3 5 7 11 3 4 5 9 12 1 8 9 13 0 0 14 15 7

25)

26)

27)

It appears the number of alcohol-related fatalities is gradually declining. 28) The graph distorts the data because the the vertical scale starts at 60 rather than 0, giving the impression of a large difference in the number of accidents, when actually the number of accidents only varies from 90 to 120. To make the graph less misleading, change the vertical scale so that it begins at 0 and increases in increments of 20.

3) A 4) A 5) A 6) A 7) A 8) A 9) A 10) A 2 Find the Mean, Median, and Mode 11) mean 94, median 95, mode 96 12) A 13) A 14) mean: 97; median 103 15) mean: 37; median: 35.5; The median best represents the data because the mean is affected by the outlier (73) which causes a gap in the distribution. 16) A 17) A 18) A 19) A 20) mean: $489,415; median: $265,664; The median represents the data better because the mean is affected by the outlier ($2,194,246) which causes a gap in the distribution. 3 Find the Weighted Mean 21) A 22) A 4 Find the Mean of Frequency Distribution 23) A 24) A 25) A 5 Concepts 26) μ represents a population mean and x represents a sample mean. 27) The median is found by calculating the mean of the two middle data entries. The middle entries cannot be found unless the data entries are first ordered. 28) No, the mean is not a good representation of the center. The mean score is 78, and 9 of the scores are better than this. 29) No, the mode is not a good representation of the center. The mode score is 66, and 9 of the scores are better than this. 30) A 31) A 32) A 33) A 34) A

2.4 Measures of Variation 1 Find Measures of Variation 1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 5) A 6) A 7) A 8) A 9) A 10) σ = 1.42, σ2 = 2.01 11) range = 4.4, s = 1.8, s2 = 3.324 2 Interpret Data 12) A Page 61 Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

13) A 14) A 3 Compare Two Data Sets 15) Battery Type B has less variation. As a result, it is less likely to fail before its mean life is up. 16) Sosa: x = 0.279 and s = 0.033; Bonds: x = 0.312 and s = 0.027. Bonds is more consistent since his standard deviation is less. 17) The bulbs with the lower standard deviation are more consistent and it is easier to plan for their replacement. 4 Use the Empirical Rule 18) A 19) A 20) A 21) A 22) A 23) A 24) A 25) A 26) A 27) A 28) A 5 Use Chebychevʹs Theorem 29) At least 75% of the heights should fall between 58.6 in. and 68.6 in. 30) (56.1, 71.1) 89% of the heights are between 56.1 and 71.1 inches. 6 Use Grouped Data to Calculate a Mean and Standard Deviation 31) A 32) A 33) A 34) A 35) A 36) A 37) A 38) A 39) A 40) A 7 Use Formulas to Analyze Data 41) x = 121.7, s = 11.82, P = 0.31. Since -1 ≤ P ≤ 1, there is no significant skewness. 42) A 8 Compute the Coefficient of Variation 1.82 43) coefficient of variation = × 100% = 58.3% 3.12 44) A 45) A 46) A

2.5 Measures of Position 1 Create or Interpret a Box-and-whisker Plot 1) A 2) A 3) IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 34 - 28 = 6. This means that the weights of the middle half of the data set vary by 6 pounds. 4) A 5) A 6) A 7) A 8) A

10)

11) A 2 Calculate or Compare z-scores 12) A → z = -1.40 B→z=0 C → z = 2.06 A z-score of 2.06 would be unusual. 13) A 14) A 15) A 16) history z-score = -4.44; physics z-score = -3.78; The student performed better on the physics test. 17) A 18) A 3 Find the Midquartile 19) A 4 Find a Percentile 20) A 21) A 22) A 23) A 24) A 25) A 26) A 27) A 28) A 5 Concepts 29) The studentʹs score was higher than the scores of 90% of the students who took the test.

Chapter 3 Probability 3.1 Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting 1 Find Probabilities MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1) A coin is tossed. Find the probability that the result is heads. A) 0.5 B) 0.1 C) 0.9

D) 1

2) A single six-sided die is rolled. Find the probability of rolling a number less than 3. A) 0.333 B) 0.1 C) 0.5

D) 0.25

3) A single six-sided die is rolled. Find the probability of rolling a seven. A) 0 B) 0.1 C) 0.5

D) 1

4) A study of 1000 randomly selected flights of a major airline showed that 856 of the flights arrived on time. What is the probability of a flight arriving on time? 18 125 125 107 B) C) D) A) 125 18 107 125 5) If one card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 playing cards, what is the probability of drawing an ace? 1 1 1 1 A) B) C) D) 13 52 4 2 6) If one card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 playing cards, what is the probability of drawing a red card? 1 1 1 1 A) B) C) D) 2 52 4 13 7) If one card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 playing cards, what is the probability of drawing a heart? 1 1 3 A) B) C) D) 1 4 2 4 8) In a survey of college students, 840 said that they have cheated on an exam and 1795 said that they have not. If one college student is selected at random, find the probability that the student has cheated on an exam. 359 527 527 168 B) C) D) A) 527 168 359 527 9) If an individual is selected at random, what is the probability that he or she has a birthday in July? Ignore leap years. 1 364 12 31 B) C) D) A) 365 365 365 365

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 10) The data in the table represent the number of consumer complaints against major U.S. airlines. If one complaint from the table is randomly selected, find the probability that it was filed against United Airlines. Airline Number of Complaints United 1172 Northwest 765 Continental 563

11) The data in the table represent the number of consumer complaints against major U.S. airlines. If one complaint from the table is randomly selected, find the probability that it was filed against Northwest Airlines. Airline Number of Complaints United 1172 Northwest 765 Continental 563

12) The data in the table represent the number of consumer complaints against major U.S. airlines. If one complaint from the table is randomly selected, find the probability that it was filed against Continental Airlines. Airline Number of Complaints United 1172 Northwest 765 Continental 563

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 13) The distribution of blood types for 100 Americans is listed in the table. If one donor is selected at random, find the probability of selecting a person with blood type A+. Blood Type O+ Number 37

A+ 34

A) 0.34

B+ 10

AB+ 4

AB1

B) 0.4

C) 0.45

D) 0.68

14) The distribution of blood types for 100 Americans is listed in the table. If one donor is selected at random, find the probability of selecting a person with blood type A+ or A-. Blood Type O+ Number 37

A+ 34

A) 0.4

B+ 10

AB+ 4

AB1

B) 0.34

C) 0.02

D) 0.06

15) The distribution of blood types for 100 Americans is listed in the table. If one donor is selected at random, find the probability of not selecting a person with blood type B+. Blood Type O+ Number 37 A) 0.90

A+ 34

B+ 10

B) 0.82

AB+ 4

AB1 C) 0.12

D) 0.10

16) The distribution of blood types for 100 Americans is listed in the table. If one donor is selected at random, find the probability of selecting a person with blood type AB-. Blood Type O+ Number 37

A+ 34

A) 0.01

B+ 10

B) 0.05

AB+ 4

AB1 C) 0.99

D) 0.10

17) The distribution of Masterʹs degrees conferred by a university is listed in the table. Major Frequency Mathematics 216 English 207 Engineering 90 Business 176 Education 222 What is the probability that a randomly selected student graduating with a Masterʹs degree has a major of Engineering? Round your answer to three decimal places. A) 0.099 B) 0.901 C) 0.011 D) 0.989 18) The distribution of Masterʹs degrees conferred by a university is listed in the table. Major Frequency Mathematics 216 English 207 Engineering 86 Business 176 Education 291 What is the probability that a randomly selected student graduating with a Masterʹs degree has a major of Education? Round your answer to three decimal places. A) 0.298 B) 0.702 C) 0.003 D) 0.425 SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 19) Use the following graph, which shows the types of incidents encountered with drivers using cell phones, to find the probability that a randomly chosen incident involves cutting off a car. Round your answer to three decimal places.

20) Use the following graph, which shows the types of incidents encountered with drivers using cell phones, to find the probability that a randomly chosen incident did not involve cutting off a car. Round your answer to three decimal places.

21) Use the pie chart, which shows the number of Congressional Medal of Honor recipients in the United States, to find the probability that a randomly chosen recipient served in the Navy.

22) Use the pie chart, which shows the number of Congressional Medal of Honor recipients in the United States, to find the probability that a randomly chosen recipient did not serve in the Marines.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 23) A question has five multiple-choice answers. Find the probability of guessing an incorrect answer. 4 5 1 3 A) B) C) D) 5 2 5 5 24) A question has five multiple-choice questions. Find the probability of guessing the correct answer. 5 4 2 1 B) C) D) A) 4 5 5 5 SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 25) The distribution of Masterʹs degrees conferred by a university is listed in the table. Major Frequency Mathematics 216 English 207 Engineering 86 Business 176 Education 222 Find the probability of randomly choosing a person graduating with a Masterʹs degree who did not major in Education. Round your answer to three decimal places. 26) The data in the table represent the number of consumer complaints against major U.S. airlines. If one complaint from the table is randomly selected, find the probability that it was not filed against Continental Airlines. (Round to three decimal places.) Airline Number of Complaints United 287 Northwest 256 Continental 254

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 27) A stem-and-leaf plot for the number of homeruns hit by 30 High School teams is shown. Find the probability that a team chosen at random hit at least 45 homeruns. Key: 2 8 = 28 1 89 2 023347889 3 11345568999 4 223569 5 15 A) 0.867

B) 0.133

C) 0.5

D) 0.818

2 Identify the Sample Space SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 28) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: shooting a free throw in basketball. 29) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: answering a true or false question Page 68 Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

30) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: recording the number of days it snowed in Cleveland in the month of January. 31) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: answering a multiple choice question with A, B, C, and D as the possible answers 32) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: determining the childrenʹs gender for a family of three children (Use B for boy and G for girl.) 33) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: rolling a single 12 -sided die with sides numbered 1-12 34) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: rolling a pair of 12 -sided dice (with sides numbered 1-12) and observing the total number of points of each roll 35) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: A calculator has a function button to generate a random integer from -5 to 5 36) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: recording a response to the survey question and the gender of the respondent.

37) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: recording the day of the week and whether or not it rains.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 38) A sports team has a three game road trip. Use the tree diagram to answer the question.

List the outcome(s) of the event ʺThey win exactly two games.ʺ A) {WWL, WLW, LWW} B) {WWW, WWL, WLW, LWW} C) {WLL, LWL, LLW} D) {WWL, WLW}

39) A sports team has a three game road trip. Use the tree diagram to answer the question.

List the outcome(s) of the event ʺThey lose at least one game.ʺ A) {WWL, WLW, WLL, LWW, LWL, LLW, LLL} B) {WWL, WLW, LWW} C) {WWW, WWL, WLW, WLL, LWW, LWL, LLW} D) {WWW, WWL, WLW, LWW} 3 Identify Simple Events MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine the number of outcomes in the event. Then decide whether the event is a simple event or not. Explain your reasoning. 40) A computer is used to randomly select a number between 1 and 1000. Event A is selecting a number greater than 600. A) 400; Not a simple event because it is an event that consists of more than a single outcome. B) 1; Simple event because it is an event that consists of a single outcome. C) 600; Not a simple event because it is an event that consists of more than a single outcome. D) 400; Simple event because only one number is selected. 41) You roll a six-sided die. Event B is rolling an even number. A) 3; Not a simple event because it is an event that consists of more than a single outcome. B) 1; Simple event because it is an event that consists of a single outcome. C) 2; Not a simple event because it is an event that consists of more than a single outcome. D) 3; Simple event because the die is only rolled once. 42) You randomly select one card from a standard deck. Event B is selecting the ace of hearts. A) 1; Simple event because it is an event that consists of a single outcome. B) 4; Simple event because only one card is selected. C) 4; Not a simple event because it is an event that consists of more than a single outcome. D) 13; Not a simple event because it is an event that consists of more than a single outcome.

43) You randomly select a computer from a batch of 50 which contains 3 defective computers. Event B is selecting a defective computer. A) 3; Not a simple event because it is an event that consists of more than a single outcome. B) 3; Simple event because it is an event that consists of only one type of computer. C) 1; Simple event because it is an event that consists of only one type of computer. D) 50; Not a simple event because it is an event that consists of more than a single outcome. 4 Use Fundamental Counting Principle MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the fundamental counting principle to solve the problem. 44) A shirt company has 4 designs each of which can be made with short or long sleeves. There are 7 color patterns available. How many different shirts are available from this company? A) 56 B) 28 C) 11 D) 13 45) If 5 newborn babies are randomly selected, how many different gender sequences are possible? B) 10 C) 120 D) 25 A) 32 46) A singer-songwriter wishes to compose a melody. Each note in the melody must be one of the 14 notes in her vocal range. How many different sequences of 4 notes are possible? A) 38,416 B) 268,435,456 C) 56 D) 24,024 47) How many license plates can be made consisting of 3 letters followed by 3 digits? B) 1,000,000 C) 308,915,776 A) 17,576,000

D) 1,757,600

48) How many different codes of 4 digits are possible if the first digit must be 3, 4, or 5 and if the code may not end in 0? A) 2700 B) 300 C) 2999 D) 3000 5 Classify Types of Probability MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 49) Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. The probability that a train will be in an accident on a specific route is 1%. A) empirical probability B) classical probability C) subjective probability 50) Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. The probability that interest rates will rise during the summer is 0.05. B) classical probability C) empirical probability A) subjective probability 51) Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. In Californiaʹs Pick Three lottery, a person selects a 3-digit number. The probability of winning Californiaʹs 1 . Pick Three lottery is 1000 A) classical probability

B) empirical probability

C) subjective probability

52) Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. 1 The probability that a newborn baby is a boy is . 2 A) classical probability

B) empirical probability

C) subjective probability

53) Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. The probability that it will rain tomorrow is 91%. A) subjective probability B) classical probability C) empirical probability 6 Determine Odds MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 3 54) The P(A) = . Find the odds of winning an A. 5 A) 3:2

B) 2:3

C) 3:5

D) 5:2

55) A card is picked at random from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Find the odds that it is not a heart. A) 3:1 B) 1:3 C) 4:1 D) 1:4 56) At the local racetrack, the favorite in a race has odds 3:2 of winning. What is the probability that the favorite wins the race? B) 0.4 C) 0.2 D) 1.5 A) 0.6 57) At the local racetrack, the favorite in a race has odds 3:2 of losing. What is the probability that the favorite wins the race? A) 0.4 B) 0.6 C) 0.2 D) 0.67 7 Concepts MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 58) Which of the following cannot be a probability? A) -52

B) 0

59) Which of the following cannot be a probability? 4 A) B) 0.0002 3 60) Rank the probabilities of 10%, A) 0.06, 10%,

1 5

1 , 10%, 0.06 5

C) 1

D) 85%

1 , and 0.06 from the least likely to occur to the most likely to occur. 5 B)

61) Rank the probabilities of 10%,

2 3

C) 0.001

1 , 10%, 0.06 5

C) 0.06,

1 , 10% 5

D) 10%,

1 , 0.06 5

1 , and 0.06 from the most likely to occur to the least likely to occur. 5 B) 0.06, 10%,

1 5

C) 10%,

1 , 0.06 5

D) 0.06,

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 62) Explain why the following statement is incorrect: He gave 110% effort.

1 , 10% 5

3.2 Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule 1 Determine Between Independent and Dependent Events MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1) Classify the events as dependent or independent. Events A and B where P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.1, and P(A and B) = 0.05 A) independent B) dependent 2) Classify the events as dependent or independent. Events A and B where P(A) = 0.8, P(B) = 0.5, and P(A and B) = 0.39 A) dependent B) independent 3) Classify the events as dependent or independent. The events of getting two aces when two cards are drawn from a deck of playing cards and the first card is replaced before the second card is drawn. B) dependent A) independent 4) Classify the events as dependent or independent. The events of getting two aces when two cards are drawn from a deck of playing cards and the first card is not replaced before the second card is drawn. A) dependent B) independent 5) Classify the events as dependent or independent. Event A: A red candy is selected from a package with 30 colored candies and eaten. Event B: A blue candy is selected from the same package and eaten. B) independent A) dependent 2 Find Conditional Probabilities MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 6) A group of students were asked if they carry a credit card. The responses are listed in the table.