Introduction to Geography People, Places & Environment, 6th edition Carl H Dahlman Test Bank

Introduction to Geography People, Places & Environment, 6th edition By Carl H. Dahlman

Email: richard@qwconsultancy.com

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 1 Introduction to Geography 1) Geography is A) place names.

B) the study of places, and how places interact spatially to form patterns.

C) rivers and mountains.

D) maps.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: What Is Geography?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 1. Define the field of Geography 2) The first book titled "Geography" was A) Greek.

B) Roman.

C) Chinese.

D) Mayan.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: What Is Geography?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 1. Define the field of Geography 3) In 1402, a world map was produced which was by far the most accurate representation for the times. This map was produced in which country?

A) England B) Spain C) Korea D) China E) the United States Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: What Is Geography?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 2. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environments in a spatial context Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the scope of Geography

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4) The Greek word Geographica means "earth description" and was first coined by ________, who at the time was the director of the library at Alexandria.

A) Erastosthenes B) Hipparchus C) Polymethus D) Cadmus Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: What Is Geography?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 2. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environments in a spatial context Learning Outcome: 1. Define the field of Geography 5) In The Tribute of Yu, the outermost geographical zone was inhabited by A) peasants.

B) the royal family.

C) the army.

D) barbarians.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: What Is Geography?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 2. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environments in a spatial context Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the scope of Geography 6) Which of Earth's four physical systems is a living system?

A) atmosphere B) hydrosphere C) biosphere D) lithosphere Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography

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7) Earth's solid portion composed of rocks and the sediments overlying them is the A) atmosphere.

B) hydrosphere.

C) lithosphere.

D) biosphere.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography 8) A group of organisms and the nonliving physical and chemical environment in which they interact is A) a biosphere.

B) an ecosystem.

C) a closed system.

D) a vernacular region.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography 9) An ecosystem is where ________ interact with each other through the exchange of matter, energy and stimuli.

A) plant groups B) plants and animals C) oceanic biota D) animal groups E) rock types Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography

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10) Which of the following statements about regions is true?

A) All regions have precise boundaries.

B) Everyone agrees on the extent of all regions.

C) Geographers decide what phenomena to use to define a region.

D) Features used to define regions must be clear and distinct on the landscape.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 11) Which is NOT an example of a formal region?

A) the area where a particular language is spoken B) the area where most people belong to a particular religion C) the area of dominance of a particular crop D) the market area of a supermarket Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 12) A city and its metropolitan area form an example of a A) climatic region.

B) functional region.

C) nodal region.

D) uniform region.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography

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13) The study of the distribution of objects across Earth's surface and the processes by which human and environmental phenomena move from one place to another is A) area analysis.

B) spatial analysis.

C) community succession.

D) biodiversity.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 14) The position, placement, or arrangement of something throughout space is its A) concentration.

B) distribution.

C) density.

D) pattern.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 15) The geometrical arrangement of objects within an area is its A) pattern.

B) density.

C) distribution.

D) concentration.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography

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16) A culture hearth is A) a region from which innovative ideas originate.

B) the material traits of a particular culture.

C) a region in which people of different origins live.

D) the evolution of a landscape.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Describe the concept of diffusion 17) Which is an example of contagious diffusion?

A) English colonists bringing their language to America B) the introduction of tulip farms in Michigan by Dutch immigrants C) the sharing of music preferences among a group of friends D) the construction of Buddhist temples in Los Angeles Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Describe the concept of diffusion 18) Diffusion A) is the result of relocation only.

B) sometimes encounters barriers.

C) terminates at a hearth.

D) has decreased greatly in recent years due to advances in technology.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Describe the concept of diffusion

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19) Scientists found that the main cause of the diffusion of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa was A) people traveling to visit relatives.

B) rhesus monkeys.

C) migrant workers.

D) long-distance truck drivers.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Describe the concept of diffusion 20) An interdependent group of items interacting in a regular way to form a unified whole is a A) system.

B) network.

C) toponym.

D) hearth.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography 21) Which of the following will NOT bring about changes in relative location?

A) the discovery of new trade routes B) the opening of a new highway C) a new tariff agreement between two countries D) latitude and longitude Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the scope of Geography

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22) Regions A) are delineated by groups that insist on total agreement.

B) are never political.

C) are recognized by scholars only.

D) are defined by one or more distinctive characteristics or features.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 23) The Earth rotates about its A) great circle.

B) revolution.

C) inclination.

D) axis.

E) equator.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system 24) Longitude and latitude are measured using the unit terms of A) degrees, minutes.

B) degrees, minutes, seconds.

C) degrees, hours, minutes, seconds.

D) miles, feet, inches.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system

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25) The meridian of 0 degrees longitude is also called the A) equator.

B) Prime Meridian.

C) 90 degree meridian.

D) International Date Line.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system 26) Most of the International Date Line follows A) 0 degrees latitude.

B) 0 degrees longitude.

C) 90 degrees latitude.

D) 180 degrees longitude.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system 27) The 0° meridian is also known as the A) International Date Line.

B) equator.

C) perihelion.

D) Prime Meridian.

E) geographic grid.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system

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28) What meridian is opposite the Prime Meridian?

A) Tropic of Cancer B) 90° meridian C) 180° meridian D) 320° meridian E) Tropic of Capricorn Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system 29) How many time zones are shared by the 48 conterminous U.S. states and the Canadian provinces?

A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 3. Read and interpret Graphs and Data.

Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the purpose of the geographic grid system 30) Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the time at A) the International Date Line.

B) the Prime Meridian.

C) the meridian traveling through Washington DC. D) the meridian traveling through Paris, France.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the purpose of the geographic grid system

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31) Maps are A) seldom used by geographers.

B) two-dimensional representations of the earth.

C) exact replications of features found on the earth.

D) designed to show all the information known about a location.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 32) The statement "1:24,000" is an example of A) a bar scale.

B) a fractional scale.

C) a graphic scale.

D) a map.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 33) The highest numerical measurement when calculating latitude is ________°.

A) 90 B) 100 C) 180 D) 360 E) 45 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system

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34) The radius of the earth is about A) 8000 mi.

B) 30,000 mi.

C) 230,000 mi.

D) 4000 mi.

E) 93,000,000 mi.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system 35) The Greenwich Meridian is also known as the A) perihelion.

B) aphelion.

C) Prime Meridian.

D) equator.

E) small circle.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system

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36) San Diego, California, is in the Pacific Standard Time Zone, while Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is in the Eastern Standard Time Zone. If it is 1 A.M., Monday, in Philadelphia, what time is it in San Diego?

A) 4 A.M. Sunday B) 10 P.M. Sunday C) 4 A.M. Monday D) 11 P.M. Monday Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the purpose of the geographic grid system 37) The relationship between the size of an object on a map and its size on Earth's surface is A) geography.

B) spatial analysis.

C) relief.

D) scale.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 38) Which map would have the largest scale?

A) city B) continent C) state D) world Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information

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39) A large-scale map represents a small portion of surface area at a high level of detail. Which fractional unit is NOT considered to be large-scale?

A) 1/10 B) 1/1,000 C) 1/10,000 D) 1/10,000,000 Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 40) A map that accurately portrays land shape is called a(n) A) conformal projection.

B) equidistant projection.

C) equal area projection.

D) azimuthal projection.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 41) In the Mercator projection, which piece of Earth is portrayed extremely large in comparison to its actual size?

A) low-latitude locations B) Greenland C) Brazil D) the continental U.S. E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information

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42) If the scale of a map is 1:36,000, then 1 inch on the map equals how many FEET on Earth's surface?

A) 1 B) 3,000 C) 3,600 D) 36,000 Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 43) Distortion is least severe on A) small-scale maps.

B) globes.

C) large-scale maps.

D) all maps.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 44) The original purpose of the Mercator projection was A) to produce an accurate equal area map.

B) for the guidance of intercontinental missiles.

C) for ocean navigation.

D) to make the first map of the world.

E) to befuddle introductory physical geography students.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 15 .

45) An orbiting satellite provides data for analysis by A) GIS. B) cartography.

C) projection.

D) remote sensing.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 11. List three techniques that have contributed to the field of Geography 46) GIS refers to A) Landsat.

B) surveying.

C) a computer system that stores, organizes and analyzes geographic data.

D) an agency of the United Nations.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 11. List three techniques that have contributed to the field of Geography 47) GIS analysis would not be possible without A) computers.

B) satellites.

C) cell phones.

D) government agencies.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 11. List three techniques that have contributed to the field of Geography

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48) Which method of data acquisition is NOT considered to be in the class of remote sensing?

A) aerial photography B) weather satellite data C) landsat satellite data D) rain gauge data Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 11. List three techniques that have contributed to the field of Geography 49) GPS devices were originally developed A) for use by surveyors.

B) to create more accurate global maps.

C) as a navigational device for military uses.

D) to send information to satellites.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 11. List three techniques that have contributed to the field of Geography 50) Geography as a discipline began during the Renaissance period in Europe.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: What Is Geography?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 1. Define the field of Geography 51) Europeans are the only people to have developed geography.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: What Is Geography?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 1. Define the field of Geography 17 .

52) The bookstore is a ten-minute walk from campus. This is an absolute measure of distance.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 53) Increases in ship size caused oil shipments to sail around Africa rather than through the Suez Canal.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 54) Russia is the largest country in the world.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 55) Everything about a formal region is the same throughout the region.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 5. Places and Regions: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 56) The area in which an idea originates is known as a hearth.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Describe the concept of diffusion 18 .

57) The most important barriers to diffusion today are physical features of Earth's surface.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the concept of distance decay 58) Absolute location and relative location are the same thing.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 59) A study of people's commuting habits, focusing on where they live in relation to where they work, would be a study of spatial interaction.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 60) Vernacular regions normally do not have well-defined boundaries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 5. Places and Regions: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography

19 .

61) In geography, density normally means a measure of the amount of something per unit of area on Earth's surface.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 62) A system is an interdependent group of items interacting in a regular way to form a unified whole.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography 63) Oceans cover the majority of the Earth's surface.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography 64) The physical environment can affect human activities in many ways.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography

20 .

65) Human populations have grown as a result of developing technologies to transform the Earth's surface.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography 66) Atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere function together to create environments for the biosphere.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography 67) Absolute location can be pinpointed on the Earth's surface through use of latitude and longitude.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the purpose of the geographic grid system 68) Meridians are lines on a map that are drawn east-west and measure latitude.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system

21 .

69) Lines of latitude are called meridians.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system 70) A line of measurement extending from pole to pole which is at a 90-degree angle with the equator is called a meridian.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system 71) The world is divided into twenty different time zones.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the purpose of the geographic grid system 72) A map is usually much smaller than the part of the Earth's surface it represents.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information

22 .

73) A map scale 1:5000 would be better for showing city streets than a map of scale 1:500,000.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 74) The Earth's circumference is close to 25,000 miles.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system 75) On the globe, meridians cross all parallels perpendicularly.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system 76) Of seconds, degrees, and minutes of latitude, minutes are associated with the shortest distances.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system

23 .

77) A globe is a better model of the Earth than a flat map.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 78) Maps are inherently inaccurate because they attempt to depict the curved surface of Earth on a flat sheet.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 79) An equal-area map projection is one that has no distortion.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 80) With regard to map projections, conformity and equivalence are, in general, mutually exclusive properties.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information

24 .

81) GIS relies on information stored in a computer database.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 11. List three techniques that have contributed to the field of Geography 82) Global positioning systems (GPS) were developed originally for commercial applications.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 11. List three techniques that have contributed to the field of Geography 83) In GIS use, vector data specify location.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 11. List three techniques that have contributed to the field of Geography 84) GIS is rarely useful for everyday life.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 11. List three techniques that have contributed to the field of Geography

25 .

85) An approach to geography that focuses on the characteristics of places and regions is called ________.

Answer: area analysis Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 86) What does "distance decay" mean?

Answer: As the distance between two things increases, the degree of interaction between them decreases.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the concept of distance decay 87) Name Earth's four physical systems.

Answer: Atmosphere; biosphere; hydrosphere; lithosphere.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain the importance of the human-environment tradition within Geography 88) Explain the difference between density, concentration, and pattern.

Answer: Density is the number of objects per unit area, concentration refers to how those objects are dispersed, and pattern refers to whether or not the objects form a regular geometric pattern or appear to be randomly placed.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography

26 .

89) The imaginary plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and is halfway between the poles called the ________.

Answer: equator Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the geographic grid system 90) A two-dimensional representation of the Earth's surface is a(n) ________.

Answer: map Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 91) What does the term "scale" mean, in the context of maps?

Answer: The size of an object on the map in comparison to its size on Earth's surface.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 92) Data concerning Earth's surface obtained from satellites or high-flying aircraft are referred to as ________.

Answer: remote sensing Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 11. List three techniques that have contributed to the field of Geography

27 .

93) What is the difference between raster and vector data?

Answer: Raster data are arranged in a rectangular grid of same-sized cells. Vector data are based on points with X and Y coordinates to specify location.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 12. List three analytical methods that are used by geographers 94) Discuss the change in the discipline of geography over the past 500 years in terms of the kinds of questions geographers ask.

Answer: As Geography developed over the centuries, questions that were inherently local or regional started to have a larger geographic focus. As explorers attempted to chart the earth, regional geography developed. And as those regional characteristics were analyzed, commonalities were found that led to the development of topical and systematic geography that are more universal in their applications.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: What Is Geography?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the scope of Geography 95) Discuss the nature of geography.

Answer: Geography examines the spatial distribution of physical and cultural phenomena on the landscape. It also investigates the patterns of those phenomena which form distinct regions, as well as the interrelationships among those regions.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: What Is Geography?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 1. Define the field of Geography

28 .

96) Explain relative location and situation.

Answer: Relative location is locating a place by referencing it to another location. Situation refers to a site's location relative to other sites, and how those sites interact with each other.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 97) What is a functional region? Provide an example using a characteristic of your hometown or college campus.

Answer: A functional region is defined by the interaction between places, often based on a particular trait. An example would be the geographic area from which students commute to attend classes at your college.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 4. Places and Regions: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography 98) Provide an example of each of the following: a) formal region; b) functional region; c) vernacular region.

Answer: An example of a formal region would be New York State. It is the area over which the government of New York State has jurisdiction. An example of a functional region would the area that can receive a radio station signal. An example of a vernacular region could be those areas where people have an allegiance to a particular sports team.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Contemporary Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 3. The World in Spatial Terms: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the major subfields of Geography

29 .

99) How do maps communicate geographic information?

Answer: Maps provide a two dimensional simplified representation of features found on the earth. As a result, geographic information that is difficult to recognize when standing on the Earth often becomes apparent through the use of maps.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Mapping Earth Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe how maps communicate geographic information 100) Describe how GIS works and discuss some of its applications.

Answer: Geographic information systems utilize database to store spatial and non-spatial information that can be then used to analyze, interpret and display geographic information. GIS is the basis for many modern applications such as Internet mapping services such as Google Maps and location features on smart phones.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geographic Information Technology Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 13. Know how those analytical methods analyze geographic information

30 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 2 Weather, Climate, and Climate Change 1) The fuel driving the weather is A) gravity.

B) inertia of motion.

C) solar energy.

D) convection.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the difference between weather and climate 2) Which of the following factors plays a relatively small role in the amount of solar energy received at a particular place on the Earth?

A) the angle of the sun B) the season of year C) the length of day D) distance of the Earth to the sun Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space 3) On a daily basis, the sun is most intense at A) 6:00 AM. B) 12 Noon.

C) 3:00 PM. D) 6:00 PM. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 2. List ways that solar energy varies in time

1 .

4) The axis of rotation of the Earth is inclined how many degrees away from being perpendicular to the sun's rays?

A) 23.5° B) 66.5° C) 45° D) 90° Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 4. Explain how solar energy variations affect the weather 5) At the Tropic of Cancer the sun is directly overhead at noon on the A) vernal equinox.

B) summer solstice.

C) autumnal equinox.

D) winter solstice.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. List ways that solar energy varies in time 6) Latent heat is A) heat in storage in water and water vapor.

B) detectable by sense of touch.

C) heat reflected into the atmosphere.

D) heat left behind by a resting object.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Explain how solar energy variations affect the weather

2 .

7) Movement of a fluid when part of it is heated is A) convection.

B) advection.

C) sublimation.

D) conduction.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Discuss Convection 8) The energy with wavelengths between 0.4 to 0.7 microns is known as A) infrared.

B) radio waves.

C) X-rays.

D) visible light.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 4. Explain how solar energy variations affect the weather 9) What best explains the movement of heat from tropical areas toward the poles?

A) advection B) orographic fronts C) polar fronts D) specific heat Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Discuss Convection

3 .

10) Temperatures in cities are higher as a result of A) pavement and buildings storing heat during the day and releasing it at night.

B) increased evapotranspiration in the city.

C) greater insolation.

D) increased number of trees.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather 11) The amount of solar energy intercepted at a particular area on the Earth's surface is A) insolation.

B) angle of incidence.

C) convection.

D) sensible heat.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. List ways that solar energy varies in time 12) At which angle (of incidence) will the intensity of energy striking Earth be greatest?

A) 90° B) 60° C) 30° D) 0° Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space

4 .

13) Which area receives the most seasonal variation in incoming radiation?

A) equator B) high latitudes C) low latitudes D) tropics Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space 14) During the vernal equinox, which location receives the greatest amount of insolation?

A) poles B) Tropic of Cancer C) Tropic of Capricorn D) equator Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space 15) In the Northern Hemisphere, the sun is lowest in the sky with less radiation in the A) winter.

B) spring.

C) summer.

D) fall.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space

5 .

16) From September to March, the Southern Hemisphere receives A) less radiation than the Northern Hemisphere.

B) more radiation than the Northern Hemisphere.

C) exactly 12 hours of daylight and darkness.

D) 24 hours of daylight.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space 17) At what date will 50°N receive the largest amount of daylight?

A) March 21 B) June 21 C) September 22 D) December 21 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space 18) In which zone would temperature vary more in a single day than between months?

A) low latitudes B) mid-latitudes C) polar areas D) highlands Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space

6 .

19) Areas near oceans have ________ than areas in the interior of continents because of the great storage capacity of water.

A) cooler winters, warmer summers B) warmer winters, cooler summers C) warmer winters, warmer summers D) cooler winters, cooler summers Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 4. Explain how solar energy variations affect the weather 20) The conversion of water from vapor to liquid is the process of A) convection.

B) condensation.

C) evaporation.

D) saturation.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather 21) Continental polar air masses tend to be A) cool and wet.

B) cool and dry.

C) warm and dry.

D) warm and wet.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather

7 .

22) The maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold is A) relative humidity.

B) saturation vapor pressure.

C) latent heat.

D) supersaturated.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather 23) Which of the following typically does NOT cause summer thunderstorms?

A) frontal uplift B) convection C) orographic uplift D) adiabatic cooling Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather 24) Rain shadows in mountainous areas are a result of A) convection.

B) orographic uplift.

C) frontal uplift.

D) adiabatic cooling.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather

8 .

25) Regions on the rain-shadow (leeward) side of mountains (such as the Rockies and Andes) are generally A) humid continental.

B) tundra.

C) semi-arid.

D) Mediterranean.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather 26) In tropical climates, the combination of ________ with ________ creates intense daily convective storms.

A) low temperatures, humidity B) high temperatures, humidity C) low temperatures, dry air D) high temperatures, dry air Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather 27) If you were at a location that just experienced a thunderstorm with heavy downpours, what could you predict about a location 25 miles to the southwest?

A) It received approximately the same rainfall.

B) It received more rainfall.

C) It received less rainfall.

D) It is not predictable.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather

9 .

28) Winds are deflected by ________, caused by the rotation of Earth.

A) the Coriolis effect B) the greenhouse effect C) the Milankovitch cycles D) gyres Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe general circulation patterns of the atmosphere 29) Which climate is influenced by the ITCZ most of the year?

A) humid tropical B) desert C) polar D) marine west-coast Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe general circulation patterns of the atmosphere 30) Most of the world's deserts occur in what zone?

A) Intertropical Convergence Zone B) Subtropical High Pressure Zone C) Mid-latitude Low Pressure Zone D) Polar High Pressure Zones Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe general circulation patterns of the atmosphere

10 .

31) If cold ocean currents hit the coast of a continent, it is likely that the coastal area will A) have extensive precipitation.

B) be relatively arid.

C) have higher levels of evaporation than with warm currents.

D) be subtropical.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe oceanic circulation patterns 32) Regional large scale storms where winds converge on areas of low pressure are A) tornados.

B) fronts.

C) cyclones.

D) hurricanes.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe oceanic circulation patterns 33) Off the coast of South America, as a result of a circulation change called El Niño, A) the normal warm-water flow is often replaced by cool waters.

B) the normal cool-water flow is replaced by warm waters.

C) the fisheries off the coast increase in productivity.

D) no effect has been observed.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe oceanic circulation patterns

11 .

34) La Niña A) always lasts for the same period of time as the previous El Niño.

B) only affects the Northern Hemisphere.

C) can lead to drought in the southern United States.

D) has nothing to do with ocean temperatures and circulation.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe oceanic circulation patterns 35) The seasonal reversal of pressure and wind over a large continent, known as monsoon circulation, is characterized by A) wind blowing toward the continental interior in the summer and toward the ocean in the winter.

B) wind blowing toward the poles.

C) wind blowing toward the ocean in the winter and toward the continental interior in the winter.

D) wind blowing toward the equator.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 9. Describe general circulation patterns of the atmosphere 36) When climbing a mountain, what would you predict about temperatures?

A) The temperature will drop about 3.5°F for every 1000 feet climbed.

B) The temperature will drop about 5.6°F for every 1000 feet climbed.

C) The temperature will be the same as the temperature at the base of the mountain.

D) The temperature will begin to drop above 5000 feet.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Climate Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types

12 .

37) Where would higher levels of potential evapotranspiration occur on an average?

A) tropics B) mid-latitudes C) polar regions D) continental interiors Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Climate Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the purpose of classifying climates 38) Which of the following is NOT considered when classifying climates?

A) weather patterns over several years B) vegetation C) terrain D) unique weather events Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Climate Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the purpose of classifying climates 39) What climate region is designated as humid and tropical?

A) A B) B C) C D) D Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types

13 .

40) Most of the world's tropical rainforests lie within A) 10°N and 10°S. B) 30°N and 60°N. C) 30°S and 60°S. D) 60°S and 80°S. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 41) Boreal forest climates are associated with A) subarctic climates.

B) Mediterranean climates.

C) tundras.

D) humid low latitude climates.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 42) In the low latitudes the average temperature is between ________ °C. A) 26 and 28 B) 35 and 37 C) 50 and 54 D) 65 and 72 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types

14 .

43) On the Pacific Islands of Oceania, which climate would you expect to find?

A) humid continental B) humid tropical C) tundra D) semiarid Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 44) Potential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation in A) dry lands.

B) the tropics.

C) continental climates.

D) the tundra.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 45) Which side of China, South America, the United States, and Australia, has the driest climate?

A) North B) South C) East D) West Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types

15 .

46) In the Southeastern United States, which climate is dominant?

A) AW B) BS C) Cfa D) Dwc Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 47) Marine west-coast climates are NOT A) mild climates with a small annual temperature range.

B) plentifully moist year round.

C) found in places like Kodiak, Alaska.

D) commonly found in low latitudes.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 48) Which of the following climates would you expect to find in coastal southern California?

A) humid tropical B) desert C) humid continental D) Mediterranean Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types

16 .

49) Permafrost occurs in what kind of climate?

A) Dfa B) Csa C) ET D) Aw Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 50) If you are told you are in a BWh climate, in which of the following locations might you be?

A) Poland B) Sahara Desert C) Florida D) Iceland Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 51) Warm Midlatitude Climates have seasonal variations of insolation that profoundly influence temperature, which is a result of A) El Niño.

B) hilly terrain.

C) the tilt of the Earth's axis.

D) the distribution of oceans.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types

17 .

52) During the twentieth century, the Earth's atmospheric temperature increased by about ________ degree(s) Celsius.

A) .3 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 53) Climate over the past 2 million years has A) stayed the same.

B) become progressively cooler.

C) become progressively warmer.

D) shifted between warm and cool periods.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 54) Which gas, contributed in part by burning fossil fuels, is used by scientists as an indicator of future global warming?

A) CO2 B) nitrogen C) oxygen D) hydrogen Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change

18 .

55) As distance from the equator increases, the difference between winter and summer amounts of solar radiation increases.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space 56) Water vapor plays a significant role in the greenhouse effect.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 4. Explain how solar energy variations affect the weather 57) On a sunny day water heats up more quickly than land, and at night the water cools down more quickly than land.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space 58) When water vapor condenses in the atmosphere, sensible heat is absorbed and converted to latent heat.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Explain how solar energy variations affect the weather

19 .

59) Precipitation occurs because air is warmed adiabatically as it rises.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather 60) A front is a boundary between two different types of air, such as warm air and cold air.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe cold fronts 61) When warm air advances into cooler air, a warm front is formed.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe warm fronts 62) Precipitation associated with cold fronts is usually more intense and localized than precipitation from warm fronts.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe cold fronts 63) The Intertropical Convergence Zone is a low-pressure zone generally located near the equator.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe general circulation patterns of the atmosphere 20 .

64) El Niño is a shift in the circulation in the Pacific Ocean that occurs every year in December.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe oceanic circulation patterns 65) Hurricanes are weakest over oceans during the winter.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe general circulation patterns of the atmosphere 66) La Niña usually causes a drought in Southeast Asia.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe oceanic circulation patterns 67) Temperature is usually measured 20 meters above the ground in a sealed container.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Climate Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the purpose of classifying climates 68) Desert climates do not occur in coastal areas.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types

21 .

69) Mediterranean climates are generally found on the west coasts of continents.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 70) Most of the rainfall in seasonally-humid tropical climate comes from passing cold fronts.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 71) Mediterranean climates have the least rainfall in the season when potential evapotranspiration (POTET) is the highest.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 72) Climatic variations during the Quaternary Period had very little effect on Earth's environments outside the areas covered with glacial ice.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 73) Periods of increasing glacier mass would likely be accompanied by decreasing ocean levels.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 22 .

74) Volcanic eruptions are a cause of global warming.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 75) Unusual weather events seem to have increased in frequency over the last few decades.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 76) Extreme weather should be less frequent and less intense over the next century.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 77) Scientists who study climate change are about evenly divided on whether or not the Earth's atmosphere is getting warmer.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 78) Global warming will likely lead to less intense hurricanes.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 23 .

79) Global warming will result in a worldwide decrease in precipitation.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 80) Define "climate."

Answer: Weather, especially temperature and precipitation, averaged over a period of years.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the purpose of classifying climates 81) Indicate the approximate date or dates at which the noonday sun is seen directly overhead at the following latitudes: 23.5°S ___________________________ 0° ___________________________ 23.5°N ___________________________ Answer: Dec. 21; Mar 21 and Sept. 22; June 21.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space 82) Describe the greenhouse effect in terms of radiant energy exchanges.

Answer: Shortwave energy from the sun passes through the atmosphere, is absorbed by Earth's surface, and is re-radiated as longwave energy, which is absorbed by the atmosphere, thus warming it.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space 24 .

83) On an average annual basis the tropics receive more radiation from the sun than they send back as longwave radiation, and high-latitude areas send out more longwave radiation than they receive as shortwave radiation from the sun. How is this possible?

Answer: Excess heat absorbed in the tropics is advected in the atmosphere and ocean currents to high latitudes where it is radiated to space.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List ways that solar energy varies in space 84) Why do hurricanes develop mostly over ocean areas, and usually in late summer and early autumn?

Answer: They develop over ocean areas because they depend on latent heat as a major source of energy; latent heat is most plentiful in late summer and early autumn when the ocean is warmest.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe oceanic circulation patterns 85) Explain how precipitation is usually measured.

Answer: It is usually measured by collecting rain or snow in a cylindrical container that is marked in millimeters or hundredths of an inch. Snowfall is normally recorded as the amount of liquid water.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Climate Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the purpose of classifying climates

25 .

86) In climate classification and mapping, what is the advantage of defining climate types based on vegetation?

Answer: Vegetation is influenced by climate, so differences in vegetation can be used as indicators of climate type where weather data are lacking.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Climate Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the purpose of classifying climates 87) D climates occur exclusively in the ________ Hemisphere.

Answer: Northern Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 88) Consider a Mediterranean climate in the Northern Hemisphere. In what months does the rainy season occur? Why does rainfall occur mostly at this time of year and not at other times?

Answer: The rainy season is in the winter (December-February) because during this season the mid-latitude low dominates, while in the summer the subtropical high dominates this climate.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 89) During what months of the year does the rainy season occur in a seasonally humid tropical climate in the Southern Hemisphere?

Answer: During the high-sun period: December-February.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types

26 .

90) In the Köppen climate classification, humid climates are grouped according to temperature, but dry climates are identified by a combination of temperature and precipitation information.

Why are both types of data needed to identify dry climates?

Answer: Because dry climates are defined in terms of the amount of moisture needed to support vegetation, which is higher in warm climates than in cool climates.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 91) What causes the precipitation shifts of seasonally humid tropical climates?

Answer: When the ITCZ moves from one hemisphere to the next it brings maximum precipitation with it.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Earth's Climate Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe general circulation patterns of the atmosphere 92) Identify two different geologic processes that may cause climatic change.

Answer: Plate tectonics changes the distribution of land and water, influencing circulation.

Volcanic eruptions eject dust and sulfur oxides into the atmosphere, causing temporary cooling.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change 93) Discuss the role of latent heat exchange in energy movements at the global scale.

Answer: Latent heat exchange is when water changes state and is a key component of the precipitation process and involves the transfer of tremendous energy from low latitudes to high latitudes causing the development of major weather systems and hurricanes.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Energy and Weather Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather

27 .

94) Describe the mechanisms that cause precipitation.

Answer: The mechanisms that cause precipitation are condensation, the conversion of water vapor to a liquid state, and rising air through convection, orographic uplift or frontal uplift.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Precipitation Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the principals of scientific inquiry.

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss convection's relationship to weather 95) Describe the weather you would experience with the passage of a mid-latitude cyclone.

Answer: During a mid-latitude cyclone you would encounter significant changes in temperature and precipitation and would experience shifting winds.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Circulation Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe oceanic circulation patterns 96) Describe the five major categories of the Köppen Climate Classification.

Answer: Climate A - Tropical, climates that are warm all year; Climate B - Dry Climates; Climate C - Midlatitude Climates with warm summers and cool winters; Climate D - Midlatitude Climates with warm summers and cold winters; Climate E - Polar Climates Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Climate Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the purpose of classifying climates 97) What two weather conditions contribute to climate classifications? What role does vegetation play in classifying climates?

Answer: The two summary weather conditions that contribute to climate classification are precipitation and temperature. Precipitation helps to determine wet or dry climates where temperature is used to determine hot or cold climates. Vegetation was used by Köppen to provide more meaning to climate classifications than arbitrary temperature and precipitation levels.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Climate Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 12. Describe the major climate types 28 .

98) Explain global warming, its causes, and its consequences.

Answer: Global warming is the result of the Earth's temperature increasing during the 20th century by approximately 1 degree Celsius. This increase in global temperature is due to increases in greenhouse gases such as CO2 that enhance the greenhouse effect. The effects of global warming are a reduction in the size of glaciers and the polar ice sheets and consequently a rise in sea level.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Climate Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 13. Describe three major causes or climate change

29 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 3 Landforms 1) The study of landforms and the processes that create them is called A) geomorphology.

B) demography.

C) cartography.

D) seismography.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 2) Earth's rocks, soils, and surface landforms together comprise the A) lithosphere.

B) biosphere.

C) troposphere.

D) hydrosphere.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 3) Endogenic processes A) are external.

B) result from wind.

C) include running water.

D) create volcanoes.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates

1 .

4) Exogenic processes A) are internal.

B) result from earthquakes.

C) include running water.

D) create volcanoes.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 5) The rock in the interior of Earth's surface that carries slow-moving convective currents is known as the A) core.

B) mantle.

C) crust.

D) shield.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 6) Volcanoes A) are randomly distributed.

B) issue sial.

C) might erupt runny lava that cools to form basalt.

D) are absent from the Eastern Hemisphere.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates

2 .

7) Which of the following is NOT true of shield volcanoes?

A) They include the Big Island of Hawaii.

B) They are known for their violent, exploding eruptions of thick and gassy magma.

C) They are the largest volcanoes on Earth.

D) They have runny basaltic lava.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 8) The Hawaiian Islands A) are a series of shield volcanoes.

B) formed from a series of violent volcanic eruptions.

C) lie atop the meeting place of two major tectonic plates.

D) erupt lots of ash and pyroclasts.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 9) The boundary where Earth's plates are spreading apart is what kind of plate boundary?

A) divergent B) convergent C) transform D) vertical Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries

3 .

10) What kind of rocks are formed when molten crustal material cools and solidifies?

A) metamorphic B) sedimentary C) igneous D) sima Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 11) What kind of rocks have been exposed to great heat and pressure, altering them into more compact, crystalline rocks?

A) metamorphic B) sedimentary C) igneous D) sima Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 12) Metamorphic rocks A) are formed when molten material cools and solidifies.

B) are formed when rocks are subjected to great heat and pressure.

C) contain abundant fossils.

D) include shale.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries

4 .

13) What kind of rocks result when rocks eroded from higher elevations (mountains, hills, plains) accumulate at lower elevations (such as swamps and ocean bottoms)?

A) metamorphic B) sedimentary C) igneous D) sima Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 14) Which of the following is an example of how human actions have changed the lithosphere?

A) volcanic eruptions B) agriculture C) earthquakes D) ocean waves Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 15) Which of the following does NOT describe endogenic processes?

A) moves portions of Earth's surface horizontally and vertically B) earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and formation of mountain ranges at plate boundaries C) shapes Earth's surface externally D) includes the force of plate tectonics Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates

5 .

16) The world's longest mountain range is A) the Rockies/Andes Mountain system.

B) the Himalayas.

C) the north-south system of mountains in Eastern Africa.

D) beneath the ocean.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 17) The place where Earth's crust actually moves is the ________ of an earthquake.

A) focus B) fault crust C) epicenter D) wave front Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 18) At which level on the Richter scale are the most devastating earthquakes?

A) 1-2 B) 3-4 C) 5-6 D) 7-8 Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates

6 .

19) Which of the following is NOT true of magma?

A) Magma is generated by the movement within Earth and between plates.

B) Magma migrates toward the surface because it is less dense than the surrounding rock.

C) Magma is called lava when it reaches the surface and erupts.

D) Magma forms sedimentary rocks upon cooling.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 20) In what kind of plate boundary is material from the crust very slowly forced downward, back into the mantle?

A) divergent B) convergent C) transform D) vertical Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. List the different kinds of plate boundaries 21) Near a convergent plate boundary, rocks fracture because they are compressed; such fractures are what kind of faults?

A) reverse B) normal C) symmetrical D) overturned Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. List the different kinds of plate boundaries

7 .

22) The greater thickness of what kind of rocks causes the continents to have higher surface elevations than the oceanic crust?

A) sial B) metamorphic C) igneous D) sima Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 23) Shields, which usually contain rich concentrations of minerals (such as metallic ores) are located ________ of large continents such as Africa, Asia, and North America.

A) along the coast B) in the core C) along fault scarps D) along plate boundaries Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the processes that cause vertical movements of the Earth's crust 24) Earthquakes are most likely to occur A) in the center of tectonic plates.

B) at the equator.

C) where two tectonic plates join.

D) at the poles.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries

8 .

25) Earthquakes are most likely to occur near A) continental shields.

B) areas of volcanic activity in the interior of continents.

C) areas where two tectonic plates meet.

D) heavily populated areas.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 26) The San Andreas Fault, where two plates slide past one another, is a famous example of what kind of plate boundary?

A) divergent B) convergent C) transform D) vertical Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. List the different kinds of plate boundaries 27) Seafloor spreading A) ended with the breakup of Pangaea.

B) is the result of subduction.

C) can occur at divergent plate boundaries.

D) was documented by Alfred Wegener.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries

9 .

28) The Appalachians, the European Alps, and the Himalayas are examples of mountain ranges formed by A) normal faults.

B) divergent plate boundaries.

C) faulting and folding.

D) volcanic eruptions.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. List the different kinds of plate boundaries 29) Which of the following factors does NOT influence the amount of ground shaking caused by earthquakes?

A) the earthquake's intensity B) proximity to epicenter C) unstable ground D) time of day Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 30) Which of the following roles do streams play in shaping landforms?

A) erosion, transportation and deposition B) weathering, transportation and deposition C) erosion, weathering and deposition D) erosion, transportation and weathering Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel

10 .

31) The smallest channels eroded by the flow of water, only a few centimeters deep, are A) rills.

B) alluvial fans.

C) moraine.

D) sials.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 32) What kind of fans occur when sediment that the stream can no longer carry is deposited in a fan-shaped pattern?

A) loess B) alluvial C) rills D) fluvium Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 33) Soil creep is NOT A) the most common form of mass movement.

B) the very slow, gradual movement of material down the slope of a hill.

C) more dangerous and dramatic when it occurs on steep slopes and in wet conditions.

D) common in areas of permafrost.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. List the different types of mass movements

11 .

34) On most of Earth's land surface, what is the most important agent in moving weathered rock fragments downhill?

A) wind B) water C) gravity D) ice Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. List the different types of mass movements 35) During dry periods, most of the water flowing into streams is supplied by A) overland flow.

B) groundwater.

C) rainfall.

D) storms.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 36) The combined length of all of the stream channels in a basin, divided by the area of the drainage basin, is the A) drainage density.

B) slope.

C) isostatic adjustment.

D) discharge.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel

12 .

37) The volume of water that a stream carries per unit time is A) runoff.

B) drainage density.

C) infiltration.

D) discharge.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 38) The effect of deposition of sediment on streams is to A) change the shape of the channel.

B) lower the elevation of the stream.

C) increase slope.

D) increase depth of pools.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 39) Which of the following is NOT true of chemical weathering?

A) Rocks are broken down in a way that changes the minerals that compose the rock.

B) It occurs faster in cooler places.

C) It can be a result of the acids released by decaying vegetation.

D) Oxidation is an example.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Describe the process of weathering

13 .

40) A meandering stream does NOT A) erode and widen its floodplain.

B) erode material from one side of the channel, where the current is swifter.

C) deposit material where current is slower and has less energy.

D) deposit material to constrict its floodplain.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 41) Alpine glaciers A) are thick layers of ice over 3 km in thickness.

B) form near the peaks of individual mountains.

C) are found at the poles.

D) are increasing in size each year.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes 42) Glaciers A) can move up to several hundred meters per year.

B) contain more water today than they did 18,000 years ago.

C) are more prominent at lower latitudes than higher latitudes.

D) have little lasting impact on geomorphology.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes

14 .

43) Accumulations of shifting sand are A) cirques.

B) horns.

C) spurs.

D) dunes.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines 44) An extremely long ocean wave created by an underwater earthquake that may travel hundreds of kilometers per hour is a A) rill.

B) dune.

C) moraine.

D) tsunami.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines 45) ________ are like a river carrying sediment from areas where it is eroded by waves and depositing it where breaking waves lose energy to carry it, usually in deeper water.

A) Surfs B) Longshore currents C) Seismic waves D) Rills Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines

15 .

46) A ridge of material deposited at the end of a glacier is A) a lateral moraine.

B) a terminal moraine.

C) an outwash plain.

D) an accumulation zone.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes 47) Which of the following are NOT results of post glaciation?

A) V-shaped valleys B) new lakes and streams C) sharp-edged mountain ridges D) U-shaped valleys Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes 48) Thick layers of wind-blown silt are A) loess.

B) alluvium.

C) rills.

D) fluvium.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines

16 .

49) Desert areas A) always contain sand dunes.

B) are typically not eroded by water.

C) typically contain very little desert pavement.

D) are eroded by both wind and water.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines 50) Waves A) are usually formed by the effect of tides.

B) travel with equal energy in all directions from the point of origin.

C) have speeds that are proportional to wavelength.

D) change more in deep water than in shallow water.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines 51) Plate tectonics theory has been widely accepted since the late nineteenth century.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 52) Basalt is an igneous rock.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries

17 .

53) Plate movements across Earth's surface are believed to be caused by convection in the mantle.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 54) Earthquakes tend to do the most damage in economically advanced countries.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 55) Shield volcanoes are more likely to cause death and destruction than composite cone volcanoes.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 56) The rocks of continental shields often contain rich concentrations of metal ores.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 57) Isostatic adjustments are horizontal movements of the crust caused by faulting.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 18 .

58) Oxidation of iron in rocks is an example of mechanical weathering.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Describe the process of weathering 59) Leaching is a major cause of the ocean's salinity.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 60) The very slow, gradual movement of material downslope is slumping.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. List the different types of mass movements 61) Landslides happen mainly during or following heavy rainfall.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. List the different types of mass movements 62) Most rivers have relatively gentle gradients in the headwaters and steep gradients in their downstream portions.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel

19 .

63) Accelerated erosion on uplands has resulted in increased deposition of sediment in many stream valleys.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 64) Less than 5 percent of eroded sediment will ever reach the sea.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 65) Drainage density is the combined length of all the stream channels in a basin divided by the area of the basin.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 66) For most of its existence, the Mississippi River has followed the same stream channel.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel

20 .

67) Terminal moraines mark the beginning point of a glacier where ice accumulates.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes 68) Loess is a deposit of wind-blown silt.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines 69) The sinking of the Mississippi River Delta around New Orleans has led to decreased wetlands in Louisiana.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines 70) Mountain glaciation leaves a series of V-shaped valleys.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes 71) The continental glaciers that existed during the Ice Age accumulated at the North Pole and spread southward in all directions.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes 21 .

72) Although continental glaciers existed in many areas 20,000 years ago, there are none on Earth today.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes 73) An outwash plain is a large area in which accelerated erosion has removed most of the soil.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes 74) Long Island was formed as a result of the formation of moraines during glaciation.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes 75) Coastal landforms change much more rapidly than most inland features.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines

22 .

76) On average, shoreline is being destroyed faster than it is created.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines 77) Sea level has risen over the last few hundred years primarily because the total capacity of the world's oceans to hold water has decreased.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines 78) Building levees and seawalls is a sure way to prevent property damage from flooding.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 15. Environment and Society: How physical systems affect human systems Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines 79) Geomorphic processes such as faulting that operate within the solid Earth are known as ________; processes like stream erosion that shape Earth from above are known as ________.

Answer: endogenic; exogenic Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates

23 .

80) What are the three types of relative motion at boundaries of tectonic plates?

Answer: Convergent, divergent, transform.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 81) How do eruptions of shield volcanoes differ from those of composite cone volcanoes?

Answer: Shield volcanoes erupt with relatively fluid lava and little ash; composite cones commonly eject ash and lava in explosive eruptions.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. List examples of the different kinds of plate boundaries 82) Rocks of the continental crust are composed mostly of sial, while rocks of the ocean crust are predominately sima. What is the significance of the distinction between these rock types?

Answer: Sial is less dense than sima, and the continents lie at a higher elevation as a result.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the processes that cause vertical movements of the Earth's crust 83) The process of breaking down rocks at Earth's surface into smaller pieces is called ________.

Answer: weathering Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Describe the process of weathering

24 .

84) What is the difference between mass movement and erosion?

Answer: Mass movements primarily involve the action of gravity on slope materials; erosion involves water or wind moving across the soil surface.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. List the different types of mass movements 85) How do streams erode and deposit material?

Answer: After chemical and mechanical weathering break down rock, water picks it up and carries it away (erosion) in the stream current. When the stream current decreases speed, it can no longer carry the heavier material, so it drops its load (deposition).

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 86) What is meant by the term "grade" in the context of streams?

Answer: Grade is a condition in which a stream transports exactly as much sediment as it has collected.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 87) In what way is drainage density affected by (a) soil characteristics, and (b) rainfall characteristics of a region?

Answer: Drainage density is increased by greater amounts of runoff, which may result from impermeable soils and/or higher rainfall.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel

25 .

88) Rivers of ice that flow from places where snow accumulates from year to year to places where the ice melts are ________.

Answer: glaciers Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes 89) What are some of the features that are visible after an alpine glacier melts?

Answer: They include U-shaped valleys, new lakes and streams, and sharp peaks and ridges.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. List the major environmental hazards associated with geologic activity 90) In what ways can landforms be considered as the product of opposing endogenic and exogenic forces?

Answer: Exogenic forces create the base of shape of landforms where endogenic forces then sculpt and modify the shape of the landform.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Plate Tectonics Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 1. Define tectonic plates 91) Summarize the major impacts of Pleistocene glaciation on the landscape of the United States.

Answer: The Pleistocene glaciers had a profound impact on the United States since the glaciation was relatively recent and the processes that alter these deposits are fairly slow. In areas where there was heavy erosion, soils are thin and bedrock structures are readily visible. In areas of deposition, moraines are still visible along with notable sand and gravel deposits.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 15. Environment and Society: How physical systems affect human systems Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the major features of glaciated landscapes

26 .

92) Describe erosion and deposition.

Answer: Erosion is the process of removing and transporting material from an area. Deposition is the process of depositing the material in a new location.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 93) Describe the transport of running water from slopes to the sea, and the landforms this transport creates.

Answer: As rain falls to the surface, that water that does not infiltrate travels over the surface creating rills. As these rills continue downhill they create larger and permanent carriers known as streams which eventually run to larger bodies of water including oceans.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the features of a meandering stream channel 94) Outline the ways in which human use of Earth has affected geomorphic processes.

Answer: Human activities have increased the rate of surface modification through such activities as deforestation and agriculture. These activities have increased the rate of erosion and deposition, thereby modifying landform development.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Slopes and Streams Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 15. Environment and Society: How physical systems affect human systems Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 12. List the major environmental hazards associated with geologic activity 95) Explain longshore currents and what they do.

Answer: As water moves perpendicular to the shoreline, the breaking waves provide the energy to push the water parallel to the shore, creating the longshore current. The longshore current acts like a river and transports material along the shoreline through longshore transport from areas where it is eroded by waves to areas of less energy where it will be deposited.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ice, Wind, and Waves Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the ways in which wave action shapes coastlines 27 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 4 Biosphere 1) The thin layer of living things, of which we are an inseparable part, is the A) lithosphere.

B) hydrosphere.

C) biosphere.

D) troposphere.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface 2) Photosynthesis A) takes place in green plants.

B) requires argon.

C) does not occur in bright sunlight.

D) occurs independently of the atmosphere.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface 3) The only substance that can exist as a gas, liquid, and solid at common Earth temperatures is A) carbon.

B) nitrogen.

C) water.

D) oxygen.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the hydrologic cycle

1 .

4) Water constantly circulates through A) the lithosphere.

B) the biosphere.

C) the atmosphere.

D) all four of the spheres.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the hydrologic cycle 5) Which of the following would contain the largest quantities of water?

A) oceans B) freshwater lakes and rivers C) atmosphere D) groundwater reservoirs Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the hydrologic cycle 6) What converts liquid water in lakes, oceans, and streams into vapor, delivering it to the atmosphere?

A) precipitation B) runoff C) evaporation D) advection Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the hydrologic cycle

2 .

7) Water plays a critical role in regulating environmental processes because it links all the Earth's A) subsytems.

B) animals.

C) birds.

D) organisms.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface 8) Water A) is not a very good solvent.

B) exists in three different states on Earth.

C) requires very little energy to change from one state to another.

D) is less abundant on Earth than on Venus.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the hydrologic cycle 9) Which of the following would be logical sequential steps for a drop of water in the hydrologic cycle?

A) runoff, precipitation, evapotranspiration, storage B) precipitation, runoff, storage, evapotranspiration C) storage, evapotranspiration, runoff, precipitation D) evapotranspiration, storage, runoff, precipitation Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the hydrologic cycle

3 .

10) Discharge would be measured in which of the following units?

A) 4 meters B) 4 cubic meters C) 4 square meters D) 4 cubic meters per second Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 11) Which of the following measurements would be a correct way to report runoff?

A) 30 centimeters per second B) 30 centimeters C) 30 square centimeters D) 30 cubic centimeters per second Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 12) Which of the following is true?

A) Precipitation and evapotranspiration are approximately equal over land areas.

B) Precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration over land areas.

C) Precipitation is less than evapotranspiration over land areas.

D) Precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration over ocean areas.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 4 .

13) Drawing water from the soil by plant roots is known as A) transpiration.

B) evaporation.

C) condensation.

D) infiltration.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 14) Evapotranspiration occurs faster with A) windy conditions.

B) warm conditions.

C) dry conditions.

D) warm, windy, and dry conditions.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 15) Evapotranspiration A) includes the processes of plants.

B) takes water vapor from the atmosphere and stores it in the soil.

C) decreases immensely in the summer.

D) takes place only in the winter.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans

5 .

16) Average streamflow can be calculated from ________ for a drainage basin.

A) evapotranspiration B) the water budget C) runoff D) the carrying capacity Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 17) A soil's infiltration capacity A) has little effect on POTET. B) typically increases when dense vegetation is present at ground level.

C) is a measure of how much sunlight a given type of soil can absorb.

D) is eliminated on bare soils.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 18) Carbon and hydrogen are NOT A) important elements for sustaining life.

B) major components of the foods that plants produce (carbohydrates) and that animals consume.

C) the major components in fossil fuels.

D) key factors in the hydrologic cycle.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the carbon cycle

6 .

19) Atmospheric ________ is absorbed by the biosphere during photosynthesis, stored in living organisms and in the soil, and released through respiration.

A) water B) carbon C) nitrogen D) hydrogen Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the carbon cycle 20) The carbon cycle A) exists independently of the oxygen cycle.

B) involves photosynthesis, but not respiration.

C) takes place primarily in the lithosphere.

D) is dependent upon the sun's energy.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the carbon cycle 21) What moves carbon back and forth between the biosphere and atmosphere?

A) evapotranspiration and photosynthesis B) photosynthesis and respiration C) respiration and evapotranspiration D) evapotranspiration Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the carbon cycle

7 .

22) Deforestation (cutting and burning) is known to cause A) long-term storage of carbon in the soil.

B) relatively large amounts of carbon to enter the atmosphere.

C) a decrease of carbon in the atmosphere.

D) an increase in forested land.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 15. Environment and Society: How physical systems affect human systems Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the major storages of carbon 23) Soil is NOT A) a mixture of mineral particles, organic materials, and water.

B) formed very quickly.

C) enormously diverse across the globe.

D) seldom of significance in food production.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons 24) Soil is a complex medium containing ________ principle components.

A) three B) four C) five D) six Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons

8 .

25) Which of the following does NOT determine soil properties?

A) parent materials and biological activity B) climate and time C) topography D) weathering Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons 26) Which of the following soil textures will have the most rapid infiltration?

A) sandy B) silty C) clay D) loam Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons 27) Which of the following components constitute(s) the greatest portion of the soil?

A) humus B) air C) rocks and rock particles D) dissolved substances Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons

9 .

28) If soil is bare or compact, A) more water is stored than normal.

B) runoff decreases.

C) infiltration is poor.

D) groundwater is recharged.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons 29) Which of the following is true?

A) Humid tropical soils are resistant to weathering.

B) Arid region soils are high in soluble materials.

C) Mid-latitude humid soils are oxisols and ultisols.

D) Mid-latitude subhumid soils include mollisols.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons 30) What areas have highly weathered soils due to leaching and soils that are usually oxidized?

A) humid tropical and subtropical B) arid C) mid-latitude humid D) mid-latitude subhumid Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons

10 .

31) An interrelated collection of plants and animals and the physical environment with which they react is a(n) A) biome.

B) ecosystem.

C) biomass.

D) biosphere.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface 32) Small organisms that digest and recycle dead plants and animals are A) producers.

B) consumers.

C) decomposers.

D) herbivores.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the key trophic levels in food chains 33) Animals that only eat meat are called A) herbivores.

B) carnivores.

C) detritivores.

D) omnivores.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the key trophic levels in food chains

11 .

34) Organisms that eat both plants and animals are known as A) herbivores.

B) carnivores.

C) detritivores.

D) omnivores.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the key trophic levels in food chains 35) Which of the following would be considered a primary producer in a typical food chain?

A) carnivore B) herbivore C) plant D) bacteria Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the key trophic levels in food chains 36) Which of the following is NOT true of plant succession?

A) Plants in a community are supplanted by more dominant, longer-term species.

B) The length of time for succession to reach a climax varies, depending on the growth rates and lifespans of plants, and on rates and establishment of seed introduction.

C) The length of time for succession to reach a climax varies, depending on whether soil development proceeds along with plant growth.

D) all plant communities follow the same rate of succession.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

12 .

37) What type of vegetation is dominant in savannas?

A) needleleaf B) broadleaf deciduous C) grass and shrub D) It is devoid of vegetation.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. List five types of biomes 38) A large region of Earth's surface characterized by particular plant and animal types is a(n) A) biome.

B) ecosystem.

C) biosphere.

D) biomass.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Describe biomes 39) Terrestrial biomes reflect two especially visible features: A) soil and vegetation type.

B) climate and vegetation type.

C) terrain and climate type.

D) soil and climate type.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. List five types of biomes

13 .

40) Which highly diverse biome is dominated by tall, broad-leafed trees that retain their leaves all year?

A) mid-latitude broadleaf deciduous forest B) tropical rainforest C) needleleaf forest D) temperate rainforest Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. List five types of biomes 41) Which biome includes the eastern United States and much of China?

A) mid-latitude broadleaf deciduous forest B) tropical rainforest C) needleleaf forest D) temperate rainforest Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. List five types of biomes 42) The eastern United States falls under which of the following terrestrial biomes?

A) midlatitude grasslands B) temperate rain forest C) mid-latitude broadleaf and mixed forest D) needleleaf forest Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. List five types of biomes

14 .

43) Sandy soils have a high infiltration capacity.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 44) Evapotranspiration has no significant effect on the hydrologic cycle.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the hydrologic cycle 45) POTET never exceeds ACTET. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Describe the hydrologic cycle 46) In an arid climate actual evapotranspiration exceeds potential evapotranspiration.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 47) Trees in rainforests can have a substantial impact on weather.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the major storages of carbon 15 .

48) On average, the amount of precipitation on land areas is greater than the amount of evapotranspiration from those areas.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 49) In mid-latitude climates, potential evapotranspiration is higher in the warm season than in the cool season.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 50) Soils with high infiltration capacities produce less runoff than soils with low infiltration capacities.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 51) Respiration is a process whereby carbohydrates and water are converted to oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify the major processes that move carbon among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans

16 .

52) Respiration releases energy.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the major storages of carbon 53) Deforestation is the major cause of the increase in atmospheric CO2 content.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 15. Environment and Society: How physical systems affect human systems Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the major storages of carbon 54) Deforestation is most rapid in North America.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 15. Environment and Society: How physical systems affect human systems Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the major storages of carbon 55) Soil horizons are vertical cracks through which water enters the soil.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. List the common soil horizons 56) In most soils the O and A horizons contain more organic matter than the B and C horizons.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons

17 .

57) Soils in mountainous regions generally show less-developed horizons than soils in areas of gentle slopes.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons 58) Scientists can measure soil fertility at a local level, just not for large regions.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface 59) Desertification is usually accompanied by decreased erosion.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface 60) Bacteria and fungi are the primary producers in food chains.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the key trophic levels in food chains 61) In general, the higher the trophic level in an ecosystem, the lower the biomass present.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the key trophic levels in food chains

18 .

62) Areas of humid tropical climate generally have higher net primary productivity than areas of semiarid climate.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. List five types of biomes 63) Biomagnification is a process by which pollutant concentrations increase as food is passed up the food chain from lower trophic levels to higher ones.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface 64) The largest single cause of extinctions is toxic substance pollution.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface 65) Ecosystems contain organic elements only.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe food chains 66) Large carnivores are not necessary for the maintenance of a food chain.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the key trophic levels in food chains

19 .

67) Coniferous forests are the dominant vegetation type in the tundra biome.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. List five types of biomes 68) Savannas might be created by human-caused fires.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. List five types of biomes 69) Put the following in order of decreasing volume of water in storage at any given time: glaciers oceans rivers underground water Answer: Oceans; glaciers; underground water; rivers Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 70) Two different climates have the same amount of precipitation, but one has higher temperatures than the other. Which one has more runoff? Why? Answer: The warmest one has less runoff because it has more evapotranspiration.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans

20 .

71) The CO2 content of the atmosphere as measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, is highest in spring and lowest in autumn. Explain this seasonal pattern.

Answer: During the summer carbon is removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis and stored in biomass. During the winter respiration is greater than photosynthesis and carbon is returned to the atmosphere.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify the major processes that move carbon among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 72) Would one expect to find more soluble materials in the soil of an arid region or the soil of a humid region? Why? Answer: Arid region soils contain more soluble minerals because water has not removed them.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons 73) Organisms that eat both plants and animals are ________.

Answer: omnivores Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the key trophic levels in food chains 74) A process by which plants are replaced by more dominant, longer term species is called ________.

Answer: community succession Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface

21 .

75) What is a biome?

Answer: A biome is a large region of Earth's surface characterized by particular plant and animal types.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Describe biomes 76) Name the natural vegetation type one would expect to find in each of the following climates: Humid tropical climate: _________________________ Seasonally dry tropical climate: _________________________ Humid mid-latitude climate: _________________________ Mid-latitude semiarid climate: _________________________ Answer: Humid tropical climate: tropical rainforest Seasonally dry tropical climate: tropical savanna Humid mid-latitude climate: broadleaf deciduous forest Mid-latitude semiarid climate: grassland or prairie Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. List five types of biomes 77) Discuss the role of forest vegetation in the hydrologic cycle.

Answer: Forests are integral to the hydrologic cycle in that by reducing forests and replacing them with grasses, the amount of water transpired is greatly reduced. This may cause precipitation to be reduced.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Biogeochemical Cycles Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the major processes that move water among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans

22 .

78) Describe the carbon cycle and how it has been modified by human action.

Answer: The exchanges of carbon between the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere is the carbon cycle. This cycle is being modified by the increased use of fossil fuels since the late 1700s, causing an increase in carbon released into the atmosphere.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Carbon, Oxygen, and Nutrient Flows in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify the major processes that move carbon among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans 79) The world soil map has strong resemblance to the world climate map. Discuss the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two maps.

Answer: Soils are classified by the climates in which the soils develop and the type of vegetation found there. Since climates are a significant component of soil classification, the world soil map and the world climate maps show notable similarities.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Soil Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 7. Physical Systems: The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the dominant factors that create the common soil horizons 80) Explain ecosystems processes.

Answer: Ecosystem processes start with the sun providing green plants food. This food is then distributed through the ecosystem through food chains. Herbivores eat plants, carnivores and omnivores eat herbivores, and when animals die, their bodies are rich in stored up nutrients which feed decomposers. These minerals are then released into the soil, making them available to plants, and the cycle continues.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the key trophic levels in food chains

23 .

81) Describe biomagnification and explain why this is a concern for most ecosystems.

Answer: Biomagnification is the process of an organism ingesting chemicals through eating other organisms and having those chemicals accumulate in the animal's tissues. As trophic levels increase, the magnification of the contamination increases. Animals higher up the food chain may contain toxic levels of pesticides and other harmful chemicals. DDT and mercury are among those chemicals that have been banned because of their impact on ecosystems through biomagnification.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 8. Physical Systems: The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the key trophic levels in food chains 82) Considerable attention has been paid to tropical deforestation in recent years; yet much less is said about mid-latitude deforestation. Why should tropical deforestation draw such special concern?

Answer: Trees in the tropics grow year-round where mid-latitude forests only have a growing season of 5-7 months. With rapid growth, these forests are able to attain 60%-75% of the growth of the plants of the tropics. However, because of the year-round growth patterns, loss of tropical forests have a greater significance on global patterns than the mid-latitude forests.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Biomes: Global Patterns in the Biosphere Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 15. Environment and Society: How physical systems affect human systems Learning Outcome: 5. Identify the major processes that move carbon among the earth, atmosphere, and oceans

24 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 5 Earth's Resources and Environmental Protection 1) Anything created through natural processes that people use and value is a A) natural resource.

B) human-made resource.

C) potential resource.

D) renewable resource.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 1. List the three factors that determine whether something created by natural processes is a natural resource 2) A natural resource is defined by three elements: A) cultural values, technology and economic system.

B) resource availability, technology and economic system.

C) cultural values, resource availability and economic system.

D) cultural values, technology and resource availability.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 1. List the three factors that determine whether something created by natural processes is a natural resource 3) Renewable energy sources include all of the following EXCEPT ________ power.

A) hydroelectric B) solar C) tidal D) nuclear E) wind Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources

1 .

4) Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A) gas B) hydroelectric power C) coal D) plutonium Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources 5) Which of the following would NOT be considered a natural resource?

A) oil B) forests C) water D) computers Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 1. List the three factors that determine whether something created by natural processes is a natural resource 6) Which of the following is NOT a nonrenewable resource?

A) oil B) iron ore C) gold D) water Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource

2 .

7) Which of the following is important in stabilizing resource prices and limiting problems caused by resource scarcity?

A) nonrenewable resources B) source separation C) substitutability D) potential resources Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

8) A group of countries that agree to control the market by limiting production in order to drive up prices is A) a cartel.

B) a world bank.

C) an ITCZ. D) an ecumene.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources 9) Which of the following is NOT a common method of disposing of solid waste?

A) oceanic submergence B) recycling C) landfills D) incineration Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources

3 .

10) Nearly all transportation systems rely on this energy source.

A) coal B) oil C) wood D) solar energy Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource 11) OPEC A) is a cartel of oil-producing countries.

B) consists of Middle Eastern countries only.

C) has been able to take complete control over oil prices.

D) is always in total agreement in matters of production and price of oil.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource 12) Applying the principal of supply and demand, which of the following is likely to be true of wheat in Saudi Arabia?

A) The demand will be high and the price will be low.

B) The supply and price will be high.

C) The price will be low; therefore, the demand will be greater.

D) The supply will be low and the price will be high.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

4 .

13) In most developing countries, the largest proportion of energy is supplied through A) coal.

B) oil.

C) wood.

D) solar energy.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources 14) The world's most important energy resource today is A) coal.

B) petroleum.

C) wind.

D) nuclear.

E) natural gas.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources 15) For U.S. and Canadian industry, the main energy resource is A) oil.

B) uranium.

C) natural gas.

D) coal.

E) running water.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources

5 .

16) For electric generation in the United States, the main energy resource is A) coal.

B) oil and natural gas.

C) wood.

D) solar energy.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 6. Explain how acid deposition develops 17) China is the leading producer of ________, but the United States is also a major producer and user.

A) coal B) natural gas C) wood D) solar energy Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 6. Explain how acid deposition develops 18) Russia is the leading producer of A) coal.

B) natural gas.

C) wood.

D) solar energy.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource

6 .

19) When plants die and become fossilized, the energy within them becomes trapped until it is mined and burned in the form of A) coal.

B) oil.

C) wood.

D) solar energy.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource 20) China is the leading producer of A) natural gas.

B) coal.

C) oil.

D) all fossil fuels.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource 21) North America and Europe account for nearly three-fourths of the world's A) oil production.

B) energy consumption.

C) population.

D) coal production.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource

7 .

22) Which of the following is NOT true of oil?

A) When burned it is actually releasing stored solar energy.

B) It is deposited next to coal.

C) It was created over millions of years and is still being created.

D) It is a nonrenewable resource from the human perspective.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain how acid deposition develops 23) A newly discovered conventional oil reserve is most likely to be found A) beneath the sea floor.

B) in the Middle East.

C) in Texas.

D) in the Appalachian Mountains.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource 24) Photovoltaic electric production A) is a direct conversion of solar energy to electricity, such as in solar-powered calculators.

B) is heat collected directly from sunshine.

C) is a result of the heat absorbed by collectors, such as those on rooftops.

D) is carried in water or other liquids to places where it is needed.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources

8 .

25) What will most likely be the best source of new energy resources in the future?

A) hydroelectric B) oil C) solar D) conservation Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources 26) Which of the following is NOT true of developed countries?

A) They comprise about one-fourth of the world's population.

B) They possess more than 60 percent of the world's coal.

C) They contain nearly 80 percent of the world's oil reserves.

D) They contain more than 60 percent of the world's natural gas.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource 27) Which country relies on nuclear energy for approximately 20 percent of its electricity?

A) France B) Belgium C) South Korea D) Taiwan E) the United States Answer: E Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources

9 .

28) A condition where warmer air lies above cooler air, limiting vertical circulation and trapping pollutants near the surface, is A) photochemical smog.

B) temperature inversion.

C) source separation.

D) photovoltaic cells.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 8. Explain how dissolved oxygen indicates the health of a stream or lake 29) Sulfur oxides are a major component of acid rain; they come primarily from the burning of A) fossil fuels.

B) peat.

C) animal waste.

D) wood.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 6. Explain how acid deposition develops 30) The "universal solvent," able to dissolve and transport a wide range of substances, is A) water.

B) air.

C) wind.

D) soil.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 8. Explain how dissolved oxygen indicates the health of a stream or lake

10 .

31) Which of the following is NOT true of non-point source pollutants?

A) They come from a large, diffuse area.

B) They are easier to control than point sources.

C) They include fertilizer washed from a field.

D) They usually pollute in greater quantities than point sources.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

32) The presence of which of the following indicates the health of a stream or lake?

A) chlorofluorocarbons B) hydrocarbons C) sulfur dioxide D) dissolved oxygen concentrations Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 8. Explain how dissolved oxygen indicates the health of a stream or lake 33) The leading consumer and polluter of water in the United States is A) industry.

B) agriculture.

C) household use.

D) municipalities.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

11 .

34) Smog, the product of NOX, sunlight, and ________, is created by chemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere.

A) carbon monoxide B) sulfur oxides C) hydrocarbons D) particulates Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 6. Explain how acid deposition develops 35) Nitrogen oxides (NOX) and ________ combine with water and fall to Earth as acid rain.

A) carbon monoxide B) sulfur dioxides C) hydrocarbons D) particulates Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 7. Explain where acid deposition occurs 36) In the United States, when would you expect the worst pollution problems?

A) winter B) spring C) summer D) at night Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 7. Explain where acid deposition occurs

12 .

37) A strategy that can maintain the productivity of a resource even as it is being used is A) sustained yield management.

B) incineration.

C) source separation.

D) recycling.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Forests Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 4. Explain the reasons for variability in mineral use 38) Forests do NOT A) store carbon that otherwise would be in the atmosphere.

B) absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

C) reduce erosion and aid in flood prevention.

D) cover only 3 percent of the Earth's surface.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Forests Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

39) Coal is an example of a renewable resource.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource

13 .

40) One hundred years ago in the United States, wetlands were generally considered to be wastelands that should be eliminated.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 1. List the three factors that determine whether something created by natural processes is a natural resource 41) The price of a mineral fluctuates according to the factors of supply, of demand, and according to the perception of future supplies and demands.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

42) In the economic sense, an externality is an expense passed on to taxpayers by businesses.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

43) Mineral resources are evenly distributed throughout the world.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource

14 .

44) Most of the solid waste generated in the United States is deposited in landfills.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources 45) Recycling has become so important in the United States that 80 to 85 percent of all municipal wastes are recycled.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

46) Since 1973, OPEC has used its control of oil as a political weapon in world affairs.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources 47) Hydroelectric power provides 15 percent of the total commercial energy production in the United States.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources

15 .

48) Hydroelectric power offers great potential as a future energy source in the United States.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources 49) Oil prices in 2000 were the lowest they had been in nearly two decades.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources 50) Aluminum resources are widely distributed throughout the world, and most industrial countries have enough to meet their needs.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 3. Explain the reasons for variability in demand for metals 51) To avoid a decline in prices for some minerals, producing countries have occasionally joined together in cartels—organizations that agree to control and limit production.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources

16 .

52) Fossil fuels possess energy that is ultimately traced back to the sun.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource 53) The world "reserves," when used in the context of amounts of minerals that can be recovered for use, is an economic term, not a geographical or geological term.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

54) The world geography of both minerals and energy supplies reveals that the countries that have the most of any resource are not necessarily those that produce the most, the countries that produce the most do not necessarily consume the most, and the key to wealth is the ability to use resources.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 3. Explain the reasons for variability in demand for metals 55) Oil shales and tar sands contain trillions of barrels of oil that are chemically locked in the formations.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources

17 .

56) The world has enough coal to last more than 400 years at present rates of consumption.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource 57) Hydrocarbon emissions are a major contributor to smog formation.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 6. Explain how acid deposition develops 58) The worst air pollution problems in the world are in the developed countries.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain where acid deposition occurs 59) Acid deposition is minor in the American Midwest.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 7. Explain where acid deposition occurs

18 .

60) When sewage is added to a river, one effect is an increase in dissolved oxygen levels.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 8. Explain how dissolved oxygen indicates the health of a stream or lake 61) There is no proven relationship between acid rain and the burning of coal for energy production.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 7. Explain where acid deposition occurs 62) Nearly half of the United States' forests are classified as virgin.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Forests Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 9. Describe how technology has changed our needs for wood resources 63) Sustained yield management for forests is more prevalent in developing countries than in developed countries.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Forests Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 9. Describe how technology has changed our needs for wood resources

19 .

64) About half the world's forests are protected from cutting.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Forests Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 9. Describe how technology has changed our needs for wood resources 65) An increase in total forest mass should lead to a decrease in either the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and/or the rate at which the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is growing.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Forests Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 9. Describe how technology has changed our needs for wood resources 66) What is the difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable resource?

Answer: A renewable resource regenerates itself naturally if used carefully; a nonrenewable resource is not naturally regenerated (or is regenerated at rates that are much slower than any reasonable rate of use).

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource

20 .

67) If petroleum is in short supply relative to demand, its price tends to rise. How does this affect the demand for coal?

Answer: When oil prices rise, demand for coal rises to the extent that coal can be substituted for oil.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource 68) In the 1970s the price of copper rose rapidly, but since then it has declined substantially. In what ways do these variations demonstrate the effect of substitutability on mineral resource use?

Answer: Once a suitable substitution for copper was economically viable, the demand for copper declined, making the copper more affordable.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 3. Explain the reasons for variability in demand for metals 69) It has been said that recycling has grown too fast in the United States. Explain.

Answer: In many cases we have generated more recyclable waste than the market for these materials can accept; manufacturers may need to develop ways to use recycled materials or produce products that generate less waste.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 9. Describe how technology has changed our needs for wood resources

21 .

70) How has concern over safety affected the cost of nuclear power?

Answer: Nuclear power has become more expensive as safety concerns have slowed plant construction and required more complex engineering.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

71) What are common air pollutants?

Answer: They include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and particulates.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 6. Explain how acid deposition develops 72) What is photochemical smog?

Answer: A mixture of pollutants including hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and oxidants; the latter are produced in the atmosphere by photochemical reactions.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain where acid deposition occurs 73) What are the major air pollutants that contribute to acid deposition?

Answer: Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 6. Explain how acid deposition develops

22 .

74) What kind of temperature condition can result in air pollution?

Answer: temperature inversion Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 6. Explain how acid deposition develops 75) What is temperature inversion, and how does it affect urban air pollution problems?

Answer: A layer in the atmosphere in which warmer air lies above cooler air; it makes pollution worse by limiting vertical circulation.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain where acid deposition occurs 76) What is meant by the term "nonpoint pollution"? Give examples.

Answer: Pollution that does not come from a defined site such as a pipe or a smokestack; examples of nonpoint water pollution include agricultural runoff, and urban runoff; windblown dust is an example of nonpoint air pollution.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

77) How is pollution prevention different from pollution control?

Answer: Pollution prevention means not producing pollutants: pollution control means removing them from waste before discharging the waste to the environment.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Air and Water Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

23 .

78) What is sustained yield forestry?

Answer: The number of trees harvested does not exceed those replaced by new growth.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Forests Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 9. Describe how technology has changed our needs for wood resources 79) List three important uses of forest resources that do not require harvesting trees.

Answer: watershed; recreation; wildlife habitat; carbon storage; grazing; native tree crops Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Forests Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 9. Describe how technology has changed our needs for wood resources 80) Describe, with examples, the influences of cultural values, level of technology, and economic systems on natural resource value.

Answer: Cultural values is when a resource is culturally important, such as the perceptual change of swamps to wetlands. Level of technology means that you have to have the technology to both gather the resources and process them into the needed form (petroleum to plastics).

Economic Systems is that it must be profitable to gather and use the resources (sea floor extraction of petroleum for low priced gasoline).

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: What Is a Natural Resource?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 1. List the three factors that determine whether something created by natural processes is a natural resource

24 .

81) Describe the history of energy use in the United States over the past 200 years.

Answer: As wood for energy use depleted forests, different fuels were needed. Coal was first used as a substitute for wood in the mid-19th century. When motor vehicles were developed in the early 1900s oil became an important energy source. As technology developed to harness the energy from natural gas, the use of gas increased substantially. Coal is still used today, primarily for electricity production.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources 82) Explain the arguments for and against nuclear power.

Answer: Nuclear power generates the same amount of energy from one kilogram of material as from two million kilograms of coal, which makes nuclear energy potential very abundant.

However, a number of accidents at power plants have raised safety concerns. As a result, the development of new nuclear power plants has mostly halted.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

83) Discuss the relative merits of coal and nuclear power as energy supplies for the 21st century.

Answer: Coal is fairly abundant and there are still large reserves in many countries, including the United States. Also, coal is very cheap to obtain. Nuclear energy supplies a lot of power with a very small amount of material, making it a very abundant energy source.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 4. Explain the reasons for variability in mineral use

25 .

84) Discuss and analyze the environmental, economic, and political consequences of the United States' energy use.

Answer: Most of the energy use in the United States is through fossil fuels. Fossil fuels release pollutants when consumed that can cause an increase in smog and greenhouse gases. The dependency on fossil fuels leads to economic and political vulnerability to changes in the markets for those fuels. Cartels have restricted prices to gain economic advantage, and wars have been fought to gain control of oil reserves.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 5. List three types of renewable energy resources 85) Discuss the nature of water pollution, its sources, and what can be done to control it.

Answer: Since water is the universal solvent, it is used in industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential operations. Through this use, the water incorporates contaminants and transports them downstream. There are two types of pollution sources, point and non-point. Point pollution is where the water exits a known location such as a pipe. Filters and sieves can be applied to these locations to remove most pollutants. Non-point pollution locations are more difficult as these have no specific place to intercept the contaminants, such as water running off a farm field.

The planting of vegetative buffers or development of man-made wetlands have been used to intercept pollutants from these sources.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Geologic and Energy Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 8. Explain how dissolved oxygen indicates the health of a stream or lake

26 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 6 Population and Migration 1) Population Geography is A) the distribution of humankind across our planet.

B) the tracking of deer within an ecosystem.

C) the analysis of the migratory patterns of the monarch butterfly.

D) the number of pets per person in the United States.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface 2) The study of individual populations in terms of specific group characteristics is A) ecology.

B) ekistics.

C) geography.

D) demography.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface 3) Which of the following is one of the three major population concentrations mentioned in the chapter?

A) East Asia B) Central Asia C) Sub-Saharan Africa D) Australia Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Locate Earth's major population clusters on a map

1 .

4) A world map drawn so that the size of each country is the reflection of its population rather than its size is called A) a Mercator projection.

B) a standard land-area map.

C) a conic projection.

D) a cartogram.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 1. The World in Spatial Terms: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information Learning Outcome: 1. Locate Earth's major population clusters on a map 5) The agricultural crop that produces the highest number of calories per acre is A) corn.

B) wheat.

C) potatoes.

D) rice.

E) turnips.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 6) Population densities tend to be higher A) in cold climates.

B) on steep terrain.

C) near the sea.

D) in areas of fertile soil.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth

2 .

7) The difference between population geography and demography is that population geography is A) totally concerned with human migration.

B) the study of individual populations in terms of specific group characteristics.

C) the study of the distribution of humankind across Earth.

D) the study of internal population dynamics.

E) the science of "describing people."

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Locate Earth's major population clusters on a map 8) The constitution of the United States requires a decennial census to A) count the population only.

B) reapportion seats in the House of Representatives.

C) establish tax rolls.

D) establish the number of Senators to be elected.

E) register all eligible males for the draft.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 9) Which continent has more than one major population concentration?

A) Asia B) Africa C) Europe D) North America Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Locate Earth's major population clusters on a map

3 .

10) The West African country of Togo and the European country of France have approximately the same arithmetic density. From this we can conclude that the two countries have the same A) level of output per farmer.

B) number of people per area of land.

C) pressure placed by people on the land to produce food.

D) standard of living.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 11) "Arithmetic Density" is determined by A) the number of people per unit area.

B) the number of people per unit of farmland.

C) the number of people per unit habitable land.

D) the number of people in urban areas divided by the number of people in rural areas.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 12) "Physiological density" is a term applied to human populations that means A) the number of people per unit of area.

B) the strength of the local football team.

C) the density of population per unit of arable land.

D) the standard of living in any given place.

E) that a region is overpopulated.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 4 .

13) Most of the world's population is concentrated in areas that are designated ________ climates.

A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 14) Human beings cluster in which of these regions?

A) cold lands B) dry lands C) flat lands D) hilly lands Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 15) The increase in world population is now A) accelerating.

B) slowing down.

C) remaining about the same.

D) cannot tell Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth

5 .

16) The region that is projected to have the highest population increase for 2014 is A) Sub-Saharan Africa.

B) Latin America.

C) North America.

D) Europe.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the factors of population growth in Africa 17) The most popular form of birth control in poor countries is A) sterilization.

B) birth control pills.

C) abortion.

D) intrauterine devices.

E) abstinence.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the factors of population growth in Africa 18) Throughout the world, fertility rates are ________ in urban areas than they are in rural areas.

A) higher B) lower C) about equal D) insignificantly different Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the factors of population growth in Africa

6 .

19) Of all communicable diseases, the one currently that causes the most deaths worldwide is A) tuberculosis.

B) respiratory infections.

C) cholera.

D) malaria.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the factors of population growth in Africa 20) Rates of obesity in poor countries have been increasing because A) sports are unpopular.

B) people have stopped working.

C) cheap cooking oil has become more widely available, adding fat to the diet.

D) of poor quality food.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the factors of population growth in Africa 21) Country X has a crude birth rate of 42 and a crude death rate of 17, while Country Y has a crude birth rate of 20 and a crude death rate of 5. Which country has a lower natural increase rate?

A) Country Y B) Country X C) The rate is the same in both countries.

D) The rate can't be computed.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

7 .

22) Of the following four countries, the lowest natural increase rate is found in A) Indonesia.

B) Mexico.

C) Uganda.

D) Denmark.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the factors of population growth in Europe 23) The region with the highest growth rate is A) North America.

B) Sub-Saharan Africa.

C) Europe.

D) Asia.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the factors of population growth in Africa 24) In the first stage of the demographic transition, crude birth rate is ________ and crude death rate is ________.

A) low; high B) high; low C) low; low D) high; high Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 5. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 1 of the demographic transition

8 .

25) Thomas Malthus A) advocated a high birth rate to offset the high death rate of his day.

B) predicted a grim view of the future due to overpopulation.

C) argued for a high birth rate in order to have a large work force.

D) is known as a cornucopian.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the factors of population growth in Africa 26) Under natural conditions, the sex ratio at birth is ________ boys born for every 100 girls.

A) 105 B) 107 C) 110 D) 120 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 10. List possible causes of differences in national sex ratios 27) The estimated sex ratio at birth for 2014 is ________ boys born for every 100 girls.

A) 105 B) 107 C) 110 D) 120 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 10. List possible causes of differences in national sex ratios

9 .

28) The problems associated with rapidly aging populations are today A) primarily restricted to the rich countries of the world.

B) primarily restricted to the poor countries of the world.

C) equal throughout the world.

D) of no consequence to the future of social security programs being paid by the young.

E) more serious than the massive young population of the developing world.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. List possible causes of differences in national sex ratios 29) Aging populations will present tremendous challenges for poor countries because A) today the elderly are cared for by their families.

B) there are fewer elderly in poor countries.

C) of the increase in young people in the population.

D) retirees from rich countries may migrate to poor countries.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 10. List possible causes of differences in national sex ratios 30) The reporting of higher number of males to females in some countries may be due to A) some countries not counting all of their women in the census.

B) males have a longer life expectancy.

C) females engage in riskier professions, increasing the risk of death at earlier ages.

D) males comprise a larger portion of the workforce.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 10. List possible causes of differences in national sex ratios

10 .

31) In rich countries, such as the United States, higher percentages of national budgets are spent on senior citizen centers than on A) elementary schools.

B) health care.

C) military.

D) social security.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 10. List possible causes of differences in national sex ratios 32) Human movements are a result of A) push and pull factors.

B) natural disasters.

C) forced relocation.

D) the environment.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the main push factors for each major type of migration 33) The largest migration field is from A) Bangladesh to India.

B) Poland to Britain.

C) Germany to Poland.

D) Mexico to the United States.

E) Russia to the Ukraine.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 14. Describe the typical destinations of international labor migrants

11 .

34) Brain drain occurs when A) highly educated citizens leave a country to move to another country.

B) schools are closed by civil unrest.

C) universities become unaffordably expensive.

D) agricultural experts leave cities for the countryside.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe the typical origins of international labor migrants 35) Replacement migration is used to A) admit family members.

B) admit newcomers with useful skills.

C) admit people who require fewer medical treatments.

D) replace uneducated people with those with college degrees.

E) replace younger people with older people.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe the typical origins of international labor migrants 36) Barriers to migration include all EXCEPT A) physical barriers.

B) motivational barriers.

C) economic barriers.

D) cultural barriers.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Identify the main pull factors for each major type of migration

12 .

37) Which of the following types of migration does not take place within a country's borders?

A) intraregional B) internal C) interregional D) international Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the main push factors for each major type of migration 38) International labor migration tends to originate in A) rich countries with weak economies.

B) poor countries with weak economies.

C) rich countries with strong economies.

D) poor countries with strong economies.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Identify the main pull factors for each major type of migration 39) Amenity migration is driven by two types of migrants, A) the wealthy and the retired.

B) tourists and business owners.

C) illegal and undocumented workers.

D) young families and job hunters.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe the typical origins of international labor migrants

13 .

40) One of the laws of migration is A) sometimes you do not have a choice.

B) the more distant the destination, the fewer the benefits and the higher the cost.

C) involuntary migrations are easier than voluntary migrations.

D) most of the migrations are to distant locations rather than local areas.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 12. Identify the main pull factors for each major type of migration 41) Multicultural policies that have been adopted by some countries are meant to A) help preserve immigrants' cultural identities.

B) entice immigrants from a variety of cultures.

C) discourage immigration from certain cultures.

D) ensure the creation of a melting pot society.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe the typical origins of international labor migrants 42) Canada proudly calls itself a cultural mosaic due to the diversity of its population, a characteristic also shared by ________, even though it clings to the idea of ________ culture.

A) France, French B) the United States, American C) Mexico, Mexican D) Australia,, Australian Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 16. Describe the effect of migration on populations in North America

14 .

43) Even though many Europeans emigrated during its demographic transition, many European countries now A) encourage new immigration, especially from their former colonies.

B) are open-minded and welcoming of Muslims.

C) discourage immigration, even from their former colonies.

D) have developed easier methods for existing immigrants to achieve citizenship.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 15. Describe the effect of migration on populations in Europe 44) Almost all Asian countries today have net emigration, meaning they A) have more people immigrate to their country than those that leave.

B) send more people out of their country than they receive from other countries.

C) are restrictive about the type of people who can enter their countries.

D) are restrictive about the type of people they allow to emigrate out of their countries.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 17. Describe the effect of migration on populations in Asia 45) Of all the world's richest countries, ________ limits immigration most strictly.

A) the United States B) France C) Japan D) Germany Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 17. Describe the effect of migration on populations in Asia

15 .

46) Since the birth rate in the United States is low, immigration is currently responsible for about ________ of the country's population growth.

A) one-quarter B) one-third C) one half D) two-thirds Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 16. Describe the effect of migration on populations in North America 47) In 2000, two-thirds of all foreign-born individuals lived in just six states. Those six states did NOT include ________.

A) California B) New York C) Illinois D) Michigan Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 16. Describe the effect of migration on populations in North America 48) Population geography is defined as the study of humankind across Earth.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Locate Earth's major population clusters on a map 49) Demography is the study of individual populations in terms of specific group characteristics.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Locate Earth's major population clusters on a map

16 .

50) In 2014 the population of Earth is estimated to be about 7.2 billion.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 51) The three major concentrations of population in the world are found in East Asia, Europe, and North America.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 52) Most of Earth's population is concentrated in areas of seasonal environments that are not too wet, too hot, too dry, or too cold.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 53) For the geographer, domestication involves taming and training animals, but not the planting and harvesting of crops.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 54) Arithmetic density is a measure used to define the number of people per unit of arable land.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 17 .

55) People will settle in harsh environments if it is profitable to do so.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 56) Population projections are predictions of the future, assuming that current trends remain the same.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 57) In Stage Two of demographic transition, birth rates are high and death rates are declining.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 2 of the demographic transition 58) China's plan for decreasing the rate of natural increase included implementation of a onefamily/two-child policy.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. List possible causes of differences in national sex ratios

18 .

59) The Catholic Church adamantly opposes birth control and abortion.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe the typical origins of international labor migrants 60) Life expectancies have increased partially as the result of modern medicine.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface 61) AIDS is currently the biggest killer worldwide among communicable diseases.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface 62) AIDS has been spreading fastest in the rich countries of the world.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface 63) AIDS-related illnesses were the leading cause of adult death in several European countries in 2010.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface

19 .

64) Earth's population is aging.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 5 of the demographic transition 65) The total fertility rate is defined as the average number of children a woman in a given society would have over her lifetime.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 66) Today most rich countries have rates of natural population increase in excess of 2 percent.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the factors of population growth in Europe 67) In Stage Two of the demographic transition, the rate of natural increase is low because death rates tend to rise while birth rates remain low.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 2 of the demographic transition

20 .

68) Crude birth rates rise in Stage Three of the demographic transition as a result of economic growth, urbanization, rising standards of living, and education.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 3 of the demographic transition 69) Abortion is rarely used as a birth control method in poor countries.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. List possible causes of differences in national sex ratios 70) Generally speaking, fertility rates tend to be lower in rural areas of the world than in urban areas.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface 71) Rich countries have a high percentage of young people.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 4 of the demographic transition

21 .

72) In traditional societies, children may be economic assets, which may provide one explanation of why birth rates remain high in Stage Two of the demographic transition.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 2 of the demographic transition 73) Even though older populations are growing in the wealthier countries, younger workers do not have to worry about higher taxes to provide essential services for the elderly.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 5 of the demographic transition 74) A characteristic of populations in richer countries is demonstrated by people having fewer children and living longer; ratios of the old to the young have been rising rapidly.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 5 of the demographic transition 75) A significant difference between wealthy countries and poor countries is that increasing populations of the former are either approaching retirement or are already retired.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 5 of the demographic transition

22 .

76) If current trends continue, Japan would need to increase migration substantially if it wanted to keep its population from shrinking.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 5 of the demographic transition 77) Geographers have discovered that pull factors attract people to new destinations, leading to migration.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Identify the main pull factors for each major type of migration 78) The major push and pull factors behind contemporary migration are economic and political.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the main push factors for each major type of migration 79) Racism is a belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe the typical origins of international labor migrants

23 .

80) Wholesale depopulation of indigenous people occurred in the Western Hemisphere when Europeans arrived, primarily as the result of disease and mistreatment.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 16. Describe the effect of migration on populations in North America 81) Singapore is an important Chinese city in Malaysia.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 17. Describe the effect of migration on populations in Asia 82) Human migration has had little effect on the distribution of the world's population.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe the typical origins of international labor migrants 83) Until the late nineteenth century, immigration to the United States was almost totally unrestricted.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 16. Describe the effect of migration on populations in North America 84) In the 1920s, the United States government issued immigration quotas that favored British, Irish, and Germans.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 16. Describe the effect of migration on populations in North America 24 .

85) While the Native Americans fell victim to European diseases, including smallpox, influenza, measles, and typhus, Europeans contracted syphilis from the Native Americans.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 16. Describe the effect of migration on populations in North America 86) More than one half of Canada's immigrants come from Asia.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 17. Describe the effect of migration on populations in Asia 87) In the United States, the poverty rate for immigrants is higher than for the native born.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 16. Describe the effect of migration on populations in North America 88) You would be least likely to find large numbers of people living in these two general climate types.

Answer: cold areas and dry areas Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Explain the main reasons humans are unevenly distributed on Earth 89) Which country currently has the largest population? Which country will most likely have the largest population in the year 2100, if current population growth rates continue?

Answer: China, India Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Distribution and Density of Human Settlement Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 17. Describe the effect of migration on populations in Asia 25 .

90) Explain why today's developing societies have moved in the recent past from Stage One to Stage Two of the demographic transition.

Answer: diffusion of medical technology from relatively developed countries Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 2 of the demographic transition 91) Since 1990 Russian death rates have risen and life expectancy has fallen. What are the major underlying causes for these major demographic changes?

Answer: Physical and mental stresses caused by both rapid change and chaos in the economy and political structures Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 15. Describe the effect of migration on populations in Europe 92) Explain why death rates tend to fall before birth rates.

Answer: People want to avoid death, of themselves and of their loved ones, but the number of children desired depends on deeply held values, which are slower to change.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 2 of the demographic transition 93) What name is given to the phenomenon of young, educated people leaving a country to move to another country?

Answer: brain drain Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Describe the typical origins of international labor migrants

26 .

94) Summarize the main stages of the demographic transition and the reasons why a society moves from one stage to another.

Answer: In Stage 1 there are high birth rates and high death rates, as a result, the population is fairly stable. In Stage 2, typically due to advancement in medical technology, the death rate falls, but birth rates remain high. This creates a rapid population increase. In Stage 3, people realize that children are expenses rather than assets, and the birth rates drop. This decrease in birth rates causes the population increase to slow. In Stage 4, the populations become stable again with low birth rates and low death rates. Stage 5 is where the death rates exceed the birth rates and populations decline.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the relationship between birth rate, death rate, and population growth in Stage 3 of the demographic transition 95) How do differences in the degree of governmental control in China and India relate to their different birth control policies?

Answer: The Indian government sponsors family- planning programs, and radio and television emphasize that small families are healthier and happier. A new social security program assures people that they will be taken care of by the government in their old age. Abortions are legal, but sterilization accounts for about 90% of India's family-planning program and is practiced by 37% of married Indian women.

In 1979, China launched a so-called one-child policy, offering couples incentives to reduce childbearing, such as financial rewards and special privileges for small families, as well as penalties for exceeding the targets. There are numerous exceptions provided by the policy, however, so that only about a third of the population actually lives under a strict one-child rule and thus the policy, if followed, would create a TFR of about 1.47. The policies have helped to lower China's fertility rate to about 1.6, well below replacement level, although with enormous controversy about the government's tactics. Other factors, such as delayed marriage and changing ideas about family size, are likely contributing to this decline independently of government policy. If these trends continue, China's population will peak during the next two decades before decreasing.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: World Population Dynamics Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. List possible causes of differences in national sex ratios

27 .

96) Explain why China does not fit the general model of the relationship between crude birth rate and GNP per capita.

Answer: Typically as countries get rich the number of births decline; however, this trend is now being seen in less wealthy countries like China. About two-thirds of Chinese population growth between 2005 and 2025 will occur in the over-65 category as people live longer, a cohort likely to double in size to about 200 million people. By 2025, China's median age may be higher than America's. An aging China is already facing both strains on its pension system and shortages of young labor.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Other Significant Demographic Patterns Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. List possible causes of differences in national sex ratios 97) Define push and pull factors and explain their impact on migration patterns.

Answer: Geographers who analyze human movements divide the causes for those movements into push factors and pull factors. Push factors drive people away from wherever they are. Push factors include unemployment, disasters, and political and religious persecution. Pull factors attract people to new destinations. Pull factors include economic opportunity and the promise of religious and political liberty.

Throughout history, the major push and pull factors behind contemporary migration have been economic and political. This remains true today. People are trying to move from poor countries to rich countries and from politically repressive countries to more democratic countries. In addition, millions of people are fleeing civil and international warfare.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Identify the main pull factors for each major type of migration

28 .

98) Discuss the positive and negative arguments currently being used in regards to immigration in the United States.

Answer: Critics of immigration question whether the United States should continue to even allow immigration. Some argue that immigrants take jobs away from Americans and others are simply biased against foreigners. Some people argue that immigrants, whether legal or illegal, cost Americans money for public services such as health care and education. These arguments have become heated as the immigrant share of the population rises, as many Americans have become concerned with securing U.S. borders since September 11, 2001, and as the number of immigrants in the country increases.

Others counter that immigrants contribute to U.S. economic growth. The National Academy of Sciences concluded in 1997 that immigration does produce substantial economic benefits for the United States as a whole. Immigrants and their children will make up the labor force to support the growing number of pensioners currently residing in the United States and those who will be retiring within the next 10 years.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Migration in Context Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 9. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 16. Describe the effect of migration on populations in North America

29 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 7 Cultural Geography 1) Culture is A) genetically derived.

B) an attribute of a society that deals specifically with art and music.

C) learned behavior.

D) derived only from contact with other societies.

E) an attribute found only among folk of less developed countries.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 2) The founder of historical materialism was A) Karl Marx.

B) Friedrich Engels.

C) Charles Darwin.

D) Arnold Toynbee.

E) Walter Lippmann.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 3) The process where aspects of culture move from their area of innovation to other areas is called A) acculturation.

B) dispersion.

C) diffusion.

D) cultural diversity.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Describe cultural diffusion

1 .

4) Humankind has adapted itself to varying conditions through the evolution of A) environmental determinism.

B) culture and technology.

C) avoiding racial interbreeding.

D) living in temperate environments.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 5) What was Varro's sequence of cultural stages?

A) savage-barbarian-civilized B) hunter/gatherers-pastoral nomads-settled agriculture C) peasants-merchants-kings D) warriors-statesmen-clergymen Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 6) Environmental determinism A) states that culture groups utilize the natural environment as they see fit.

B) explains the economic and social conditions in Russia at this time.

C) is the simplistic belief that human cultures can be explained as a result of the physical environment.

D) is the guiding philosophy of this textbook.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution

2 .

7) When considering that in the past human societies developed in greater isolation from one another than today, each of the following statements is true EXCEPT: A) Each group evolved its own distinct culture.

B) The extraordinary diversity of cultures testifies to human ingenuity.

C) Different peoples living in very similar environments, but isolated from one another, developed astonishingly different lifestyles.

D) Some aspects of cultures that have developed in different physical environments are startlingly similar.

E) One can easily assume a direct cause-and-effect relationship between a physical environment and an aspect of culture.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 8) The nineteenth-century French approach of possibilism stated that A) environmental change is not possible.

B) the environment sets limits on what is feasible but does not dictate a culture's choices.

C) people should adopt practices that do not harm the environment.

D) the environment determines cultural characteristics.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 16. Environment and Society: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci LO: 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution

3 .

9) All the following statements about the concept of diffusion and about cultural phenomena are true EXCEPT: A) Diffusion explains the distribution of all cultural phenomena.

B) Sometimes the same phenomenon does occur spontaneously and independently at two or more places.

C) We should never assume that any aspect of culture has diffused unless we can demonstrate the path of diffusion from one culture to another.

D) Independent invention of different kinds of innovations, such as the use of the zero as the basis of a numerical place system, has occurred in human history.

E) Diffusionist arguments have been used to minimize or underestimate the ingenuity of various peoples.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Describe cultural diffusion 10) Concerning folk and popular culture, which of the following statements is correct?

A) Folk culture is mass produced.

B) Items of popular culture are individually crafted.

C) In popular culture, tastes must be relatively homogeneous.

D) Folk cultures tend to be spread over large areas and involve rapid change.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 3. Describe folk culture 11) A sub-culture group A) shares a part of the mainstream culture but also a bundle of culture traits of its own.

B) is always defined by an ethnic or racial heritage.

C) stems from being marginalized or discriminated against.

D) exits only in the United States.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 4. Describe popular culture 4 .

12) Ethnocentrism is the term given to the act of A) thinking your nation should dominate other nations.

B) one culture claiming political rights over other groups.

C) equating spatial identity with cultural identity.

D) judging other cultures by the standards and practices of one's own culture.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities 13) Biological characteristics are used to divide people into ________; however science has shown there is less than 1% genetic difference among humans.

A) sub-cultures B) cultures C) races D) religions Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities 14) Gender roles A) are common and as a result are very similar in every culture.

B) vary across cultures and even within complex societies.

C) cannot be differentiated spatially.

D) have been determined for centuries and cause little debate.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities

5 .

15) The subfield of geography that studies our perceptions of the world and how it influences our behavior is known as A) behavioral geography.

B) cultural geography.

C) human geography.

D) mental geography.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities 16) Humans make decisions on how they will act in the real world based on A) how they perceive the world.

B) the real world as it is.

C) their religious beliefs.

D) incomplete understanding of the world.

E) predestination.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities 17) The study of proxemics deals with how different cultures A) see relationships.

B) determine time.

C) use space.

D) assess costs.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities

6 .

18) Group identities can help determine which groups of people have a connection with; however, it can also produce incorrect assumptions better known as A) stereotyping.

B) individual identities.

C) heritage building.

D) over identifying.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities 19) The belief that one ________ has inherent superiority over another has played a major role in defining human relations over the past 500 years and is known as ________.

A) race; racism B) culture; culturalism C) sex; sexism D) nation; nationalism Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities 20) The entire region throughout which a cultural trait prevails is called a A) core.

B) culture area.

C) hearth area.

D) cultural landscape.

E) built environment.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region

7 .

21) The subfield of geography that studies the geography of the past and how geographic distributions have changed through time is called A) the history of geography.

B) human geography.

C) cultural geography.

D) historical geography.

E) geopolitics.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the causes of geographic inertia 22) Styles of architecture often represent local adaptations to all of the following EXCEPT A) resource availability.

B) cultural preferences.

C) severe weather patterns.

D) climatic conditions.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region 23) Public monuments and statuary often reflect important people and events within a culture and A) are permanent symbols of those cultural components.

B) may change as the culture changes.

C) are typically only found in Europe.

D) are often formed from inexpensive materials.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region

8 .

24) Which of the following is true of settlement patterns?

A) Compact villages are the norm in North America.

B) Isolated farmsteads are numerous in China.

C) Often compact villages are surrounded by farmland.

D) People seldom choose to live near other people.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region 25) The force that keeps patterns and activities stable on the landscape is called A) persistence.

B) infrastructure.

C) cultural landscape.

D) inertia.

E) development.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the causes of geographic inertia 26) Historical consciousness is A) defined as a people's sense of their own history.

B) irrelevant to the understanding of any alien culture.

C) unrelated to the way in which people view their own culture.

D) the same as cognitive behavioralism.

E) one of those theoretical concepts which has little impact on international affairs.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the causes of geographic inertia

9 .

27) The term "Latin" America grew out of the fact that the languages spoken in these countries grew out of Latin. Which languages were used?

A) Spanish and Portuguese B) Dutch and German C) French and English D) Spanish and English Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region 28) Which of the following is NOT a reason for clustering of settlements?

A) to stay in close contact with cattle and livestock B) security against bandits or invaders C) environmental reasons, such as access to water D) provision of services such as education and healthcare Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region 29) Voyages of exploration and conquest by ________ connected the world.

A) the Chinese B) the Ottoman Turks C) Europeans D) the Japanese E) Persians Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 9. Describe European empires

10 .

30) The substitution of one set of cultural traditions for another, either by force or by degrading those who fail to acculturate and by rewarding those who do, is called A) conquest.

B) expropriation.

C) cultural imperialism.

D) enlightenment.

E) cultural diffusion.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture 31) Europeans took bananas from their point of origin in ________ and replanted them in South America.

A) Africa B) South Asia C) Hawaii D) Europe E) Southeast Asia Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture 32) Increasing the amount of trade to a culture decreases cultural isolation and increases A) economic self-sufficiency.

B) cultural dependency.

C) dependency on the local environment.

D) economic possibilities.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture

11 .

33) In countries with limited natural resources, such as Switzerland, the impact of trade A) can provide goods and services causing an increase in wealth in the country.

B) can destroy the native culture.

C) will reduce the economic viability of the country.

D) may cause an increase in war within the country.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe European empires 34) ________ takes place more rapidly today because of a decrease in cost and time to move ideas, objects and people.

A) Trade B) Diffusion C) Transportation D) Military response Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 9. Describe European empires 35) In modern world trade, A) some places are still completely isolated and dependent on local resources.

B) all parts of the world have eagerly, voluntarily participated in world trade.

C) virtually all peoples have moved from self-sufficiency and cultural isolation to trade and cultural exchange.

D) all trade is regulated by the United Nations.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 9. Describe European empires

12 .

36) The major reason European countries engaged in building large empires was to A) expand their country's borders.

B) work cooperatively with indigenous peoples to learn new agricultural techniques.

C) protect their commercial investments in foreign lands and to control the markets.

D) import cultures from other areas into Europe.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 9. Describe European empires 37) The increasingly rapid movement of information and goods around the globe is known as A) time-space compression.

B) diffusion.

C) transportation enhancement.

D) transportation efficiency.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture 38) Cultural preservation is the effort to A) preserve the existing culture for future generations.

B) document, repopularize and rejuvenate traditional cultures.

C) invest in museum and religious institutions.

D) support music and art programs in schools.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture

13 .

39) Diffusion was originally a person-to-person activity and was relatively place-based. The invention of the ________ allowed information to travel far past its place of origin.

A) printing press B) computer C) car D) Internet Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture 40) Technology was developed within the 1800s that allowed information to move between places faster than ever before. These inventions included the A) printing press and the postal system.

B) postal system and the telegraph.

C) telephone and the postal system.

D) telegraph and the telephone.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture 41) Mass media takes advantage of ________ to reach as many people as possible.

A) contiguous diffusion B) hierarchical diffusion C) relocation diffusion D) the Internet Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture

14 .

42) The annihilation of space with ________ can convey information almost instantaneously around the globe.

A) automobiles B) cell phones C) air transportation systems D) electronic networks Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture 43) The United States government supports the development and export of film and television because A) they are entertaining to watch.

B) American films are responsible for 50% of total box office receipts.

C) it exports American culture to other countries.

D) they generate wealth and jobs for Americans.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture 44) A virtual reality is a new "place" that has been created A) mentally, through the use of computers.

B) within areas of the government.

C) within video games.

D) among a group of users.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture

15 .

45) The acceptable meaning for the word "culture" is related to fine paintings or symphonic music.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 46) Culture is behavior that is inherited genetically.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 47) Cultural diffusion is the process by which aspects of culture spread out from their areas of innovation to other areas.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Describe cultural diffusion 48) The hearth area of culture is where that culture originated.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Describe cultural diffusion 49) Geographers stopped finding the concept of subcultures useful around the turn of the twentieth century.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 4. Describe popular culture 16 .

50) Cultural geographers map the locations and distributions of human cultures as well as investigating the reasons for those distributions.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 51) "Culture" relates to everything about the way a group of people lives.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 52) Human beings have adapted to widely varying conditions on Earth through physical differentiation rather than cultural differentiation.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 53) The extraordinary diversity of cultures testifies to human ingenuity.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution

17 .

54) Through culture and technology, humankind has assumed responsibility for its own evolution.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 55) Circulation, as used in a spatial context, has to do with interconnections by transportation and communication of goods, people, ideas, and capital among places and cultures.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Describe cultural diffusion 56) Cultural elements can spread when one group discovers and adopts some aspect of a different culture it considers superior to its own.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Describe cultural diffusion 57) We should never assume that any aspect of culture has diffused unless we can demonstrate the path of diffusion from one culture to another.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Describe cultural diffusion

18 .

58) The process of diffusion offers a reasonable explanation for the distribution of all cultural phenomena.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Describe cultural diffusion 59) The physical environment neither affects nor limits the activities of humankind.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 60) Ethnocentrism is a tendency to judge foreign cultures by the standards and practices of one's own culture.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities 61) Cognitive behaviorism states that human activities are determined by economic activities.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities 62) The subdiscipline of geography that studies the geography of the past is called cultural geography.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region 19 .

63) The subdiscipline of geography that studies how geographic distributions have changed through time is called historical geography.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the causes of geographic inertia 64) There is rarely any relationship between architecture and climatic conditions.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region 65) The place where a distinctive culture originates is called a culture realm.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region 66) European voyages of discovery and conquest connected the world.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 9. Describe European empires

20 .

67) The Chinese were a major competing force to the Europeans in exploration of the world, reaching the Western Hemisphere at the same time as Columbus.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 9. Describe European empires 68) A significant difference between peoples of ancient times and those of today is that transportation and communication have reduced the friction of distance and have accelerated the rate of diffusion.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture 69) Two social groups living in close proximity will retain unique social customs if there is limited interaction between them.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture 70) Not only did Europeans create world markets for products from all parts of the world; they profited by controlling every stage: production, transportation, and marketing.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture

21 .

71) When studying former colonies of European countries, it is quite clear that colonialism had nothing to do with the specialized production of certain crops in those areas.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture 72) Cultural imperialism is the substitution of one set of cultural traditions for another through persuasion and/or example.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture 73) Economic change is a form of cultural diffusion.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Describe cultural diffusion 74) Although Japan was successfully westernized in terms of science and technology by the end of the nineteenth century, that country was never able to defeat a Western power in war.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture 75) France has welcomed the spread of American culture within its boundaries.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture 22 .

76) America's global cultural dominance has been forced on the world.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture 77) What discovery led to the discrediting of Varro's theory of cultural evolution?

Answer: Alexander von Humboldt pointed out that there were farming tribes in the Americas that had not passed through a pastoral stage.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 78) What is the difference between a folk culture and a popular culture?

Answer: Folk cultures attempt to preserve traditions, whereas popular cultures embrace innovation and conform to changing norms.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 4. Describe popular culture 79) The cross-cultural study of the use of space is ________.

Answer: proxemics Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities

23 .

80) What is ethnocentrism?

Answer: It is the tendency to use one's own culture and practices to evaluate the cultures and practices of other peoples, usually judging them as inferior.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities 81) A number of factors tend to stabilize the geography of culture regions. List some of these factors.

Answer: Settlements, roads, fields, houses of worship, places for the dead, and markets.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region 82) Why is historical consciousness less strong in the United States than in many other countries?

Answer: America's culture includes the idea that past history need not restrain future possibilities.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 8. Explain the causes of geographic inertia 83) The process of substitution or subordination of one set of cultural traditions by another, either by force or by degrading those who fail to acculturate and rewarding those who do, is known as ________.

Answer: cultural imperialism Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture

24 .

84) List the four significant changes that can take place when three villages that were previously isolated are connected by a transportation corridor.

Answer: 1. Each village will now have access to products from each of the other villages.

2. New cultural combinations will appear.

3. Residents of all three villages will see how imports can raise their standard of living.

4. Regular and intense trading will favor the creation of a central place.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Describe cultural diffusion 85) Although there is technical access to Internet services all over the world, the cost of access is still too high for many poor people. This is known as the ________ and can have significant ramifications for many countries, especially in Africa.

Answer: digital divide Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture 86) The United States exports its popular culture through various types of media including magazines, television and movies. Why are some countries opposed to this?

Answer: U.S. popular culture incorporates U.S. cultural and political values, so it can challenge traditions and initiate cultural change, often times unintentionally.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture

25 .

87) Describe the main arguments of historical materialism and explain why it is both a theory of economic change and a theory of cultural evolution.

Answer: Karl Marx (1818-1895) was the founder of historical materialism, a sequence of stages that are defined by how cultures and societies organize the production of all economic goods.

Historical materialism pays close attention to technological change because it alters how humans make a living. Those who can control the technologies of economic activity benefit disproportionately because other people rely on them for meeting their needs. Thus, changes in the economic system of a culture or society produce changes in other aspects of that culture or society. Today, no one doubts that science and technology progress almost constantly, and that these changes often reshape society's economic, political, and even philosophical condition.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: How Cultures Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 1. Explain cultural evolution 88) What are some advantages and some disadvantages of grouping people into cultural or ethnic groups?

Answer: Grouping together people who have similar cultural traits makes studying human populations more manageable. However, differentiating these cultural and ethnic groups has also led to stereotyping, segregation and prejudice.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Identity and Behavioral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 5. List characteristics that might define different identities 89) What four things must be considered when working with cultural regions?

Answer: First, cultures change over time and, thus, so do culture regions. Second, culture regions are not isolated. Global diffusion patterns and economic connections link together places that once had very different cultures. Third, the larger a culture region one considers, the fewer culture traits will actually apply. Finally, culture regions are defined by traits that are similar in culturally meaningful ways.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Culture Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain cultural region

26 .

90) How was European culture diffused around the world?

Answer: In two waves of exploration and conquest European countries dominated most of the rest of the world. The major reason European countries engaged in building large empires was to protect their commercial investments in foreign lands and to control these lands as markets for themselves. At the beginning of the age of the European voyages, European demand for foreign products grew rapidly and soon, the Europeans were no longer content to trade with native peoples for these goods, and the Europeans themselves established overseas estates and plantations and applied large-scale techniques to specialized production. During the second wave, the European powers were joined by the United States, which had freed itself from imperial rule less than a hundred years earlier. The "western countries" of Europe and the United States had an enormous influence on the lands they controlled. The western countries competed among themselves for access and control of raw materials that would benefit their home economies. In many places, European companies took land and resources that had belonged to local cultural groups. Many local peoples were forced to work at mining, agriculture, and forestry to move raw materials to ships waiting to set sail for Europe.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture 91) How did Europeans engage in cultural imperialism in their colonies? What have been the effects of cultural imperialism?

Answer: Europeans who worked or settled in the colonies imposed western laws, religion, and education on the local population. Europeans thought that their culture was a gift to the people they conquered, what they called the "civilizing mission" of empire. Whatever their intention, the effect was cultural imperialism, which is the substitution or subordination of one set of cultural traditions by another, either by force or by degrading those who fail to acculturate and rewarding those who do. Europeans seldom doubted that native cultures were inferior and that native peoples needed "enlightenment." Therefore, the Europeans destroyed other ways of life, including religious and political traditions, physical artifacts such as art and architecture, and even records of history and science. Taken together, these changes fundamentally changed or destroyed local cultures in many parts of the world.

Therefore, in most countries, western cultural attributes linger as a legacy of European rule and still predominate or mix with native pre-European traditions. Europeans also brought their forms of administration, government, centralized state authority, judicial authority, and secularization.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Trade and Cultural Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 10. Explain how European empires affect local culture

27 .

92) Discuss television as both an example and a diffuser of popular customs.

Answer: Televisions are artifacts that have been created by humans and are an economic good that people purchase. New technologies, such as televisions, have allowed the reproduction and dissemination of sounds and images throughout the world. Television emerged at the middle of the 20th century and soon became a common medium in many parts of the world. Some parts of the world had radio and television long before they had telephones. Television remains an important medium for diffusing news in non-Western countries, where television viewership is often widespread.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Media and Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain how modern media diffuse culture

28 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 8 Languages and Religions 1) The way any language is spoken and written according to formal rules of diction and grammar is called a(n) A) dialect.

B) language family.

C) standard language.

D) official language.

E) lingua franca.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain language families 2) A creole language is A) a language spoken in Louisiana.

B) a language used to describe food.

C) a pidgin that has survived long enough to become a native language.

D) a language that does not have a grammar.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 3) The predominant world lingua franca is A) Japanese.

B) French.

C) Russian.

D) Spanish.

E) English.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language

1 .

4) The language with the most native speakers in the world is A) English.

B) Hindi.

C) Spanish.

D) Mandarin Chinese.

E) French.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 5) The language of the Koran is A) Farsi.

B) Urdu.

C) Hebrew.

D) Arabic.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 6) Which of the following is true concerning lingua francas?

A) They are usually spoken by the elite only.

B) Swahili is a lingua franca of East Africa.

C) They are all a mixture of different languages.

D) They are the official dialect of their respective languages.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language

2 .

7) Lines that are used to show the presence of linguistic features on maps are known as A) isoglosses.

B) dialect maps.

C) topographic lines.

D) language charts.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.

Learning Outcome: 5. Map the world's major language regions 8) Languages that are related by descent from a common protolanguage make up a A) language family.

B) language group.

C) cluster of languages.

D) language region.

E) family of dialects.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain language families 9) The family of languages known as the Indo-European family contains languages spoken by approximately ________ of the world population.

A) 25% B) 30% C) 50% D) 70% Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 1. Explain language families

3 .

10) The hearth area for Indo-European languages was probably located in A) South Asia.

B) Turkey.

C) the Italian peninsula.

D) North Africa.

E) Northwestern Europe.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain language families 11) A system for writing symbols that represent sounds of a language is known as the A) orthography.

B) pictograms.

C) cuneiform.

D) ideograms.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 12) Which of the following languages is NOT part of the Uralic language family?

A) Finnish B) Estonian C) Hungarian D) Gaelic Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 1. Explain language families

4 .

13) The languages that do not use written alphabets are used in A) aboriginal cultures.

B) Greece and Rome.

C) China and Japan.

D) religious documents.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 14) The following language has become a lingua franca of approximately 335 million people as a first language, 375 million as a second language and 600 million as a foreign language.

A) English B) Chinese C) French D) Spanish Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 15) The global spread of English is primarily the result of A) British involvement in World War II. B) colonization by the British Empire.

C) American media influences.

D) Australian currency production.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages

5 .

16) Philological nationalism is the idea that _______have given birth to nations.

A) official languages B) dialects C) standards languages D) mother tongues Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain why national languages are important in modern societies 17) Official policies and social attitudes may target ________ as potentially disloyal or dangerous to the rest of the nation.

A) minority races B) minority ethnic groups C) minority language speakers D) minority politicians Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 7. Explain why national languages are important in modern societies 18) In polyglot states, A) all spoken languages have equal economic and social standing.

B) states grant legal equality to more than one language.

C) the language that is native to the region is the most important for economic advancement.

D) There are no polyglot states, so the issue is mute.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 7. Explain why national languages are important in modern societies

6 .

19) American English evolved from influences of European settlers as well as A) Mexican languages.

B) Canadian languages.

C) Chinese languages.

D) Native American languages.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 7. Explain why national languages are important in modern societies 20) In the United States, Spanish-speakers make up approximately what portion of non-Englishspeakers?

A) 20 percent B) 30 percent C) 50 percent D) 60 percent Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain why national languages are important in modern societies 21) The official language of Nigeria is A) Hausa.

B) Yoruba.

C) Ibo. D) English.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain why national languages are important in modern societies

7 .

22) In the context of religion, the strictest adherence to traditional beliefs is called A) secularism.

B) Christianity.

C) devotion.

D) fundamentalism.

E) piety.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 23) The first great monotheistic religion was A) Catholicism.

B) Islam.

C) Shinto.

D) Buddhism.

E) Judaism.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 24) Zionism is the belief that the Jews should have a homeland of their own in A) France.

B) the United States.

C) Palestine.

D) Germany.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.

Learning Outcome: 8. Locate the origins of the world's major religions on a map

8 .

25) Christianity emerged as a separate faith from A) Judaism.

B) Islam.

C) Buddhism.

D) Hinduism.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the significance of the different sects within Christianity 26) The Christian Church in Western Europe was split in the 15th and 16th centuries as a result of the A) efforts to convert people in Asia.

B) Protestant Reformation.

C) immigration of the people to the United States.

D) Incorporation of Jewish beliefs into Christianity.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the significance of the different sects within Christianity 27) The largest single Christian denomination in the world today is A) Baptist.

B) Presbyterian.

C) Anglican.

D) Lutheran.

E) Roman Catholicism.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the significance of the different sects within Christianity

9 .

28) Religions that focus on appropriate behavior are classified as A) orthopraxy.

B) orthodoxy.

C) fundamentalist.

D) secular.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 29) A lifestyle or policy that purposely ignores or excludes religious considerations is known as A) orthopraxy.

B) orthodoxy.

C) fundamentalist.

D) secular.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 30) Religions that focus on a set of philosophical or theological arguments are classified as A) orthopraxy.

B) orthodoxy.

C) fundamentalist.

D) secular.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society

10 .

31) Universalizing religions are those that A) spread through proselytization.

B) are based on science rather than faith.

C) people are born into as part of a cultural group.

D) involve the worship of multiple gods.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 32) Many governments have designated ________ that is the official religion of the country.

A) an universalizing church B) an organized government agency C) an established church D) an ethnic religion Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 33) The Five Pillars of Islam include all of the following EXCEPT A) belief in one God. B) polygamy.

C) five daily prayers.

D) generous giving of alms.

E) recognition of the month of Ramadan as a time to fast.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam

11 .

34) Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last of God's prophets, who also included all the following EXCEPT A) Guru Nanek.

B) Abraham.

C) Moses.

D) Jesus.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam 35) Shinto is the ancient religion native to A) China.

B) India.

C) Japan.

D) Indonesia.

E) Vietnam.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 36) Religions provide guidance when people are confronted by rapid change, even in A) large scientific research firms.

B) many governmental agencies.

C) local schools.

D) secular modern societies.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society

12 .

37) Religions that combine Christianity with traditional practices are called A) syncretic religions.

B) interculturation.

C) liberation theology.

D) sacerdotalism.

E) Zionism.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the significance of the different sects within Christianity 38) The leading Muslim countries in the world today in terms of numbers are A) Bangladesh and Afghanistan.

B) India and Nepal.

C) Indonesia and Pakistan.

D) Iraq and Iran.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam 39) Which of the following European countries is predominantly Muslim?

A) Romania B) Poland C) Albania D) Bulgaria E) Hungary Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam

13 .

40) Martin Luther translated the Bible into A) English.

B) German.

C) Spanish.

D) French.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 41) Recent immigrants to the U.S. are more likely to be A) Protestant.

B) Catholic.

C) Buddhist.

D) Jewish.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 42) Jews and Muslims both refuse to eat ________ due to religious considerations.

A) chicken B) beef C) pork D) turkey Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society

14 .

43) Religions differ in the attitudes that their teachings advocate toward women and A) national laws often reflect those teachings.

B) women are granted more freedoms as a result.

C) increase availability of contraception.

D) approve the ordination of women.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 44) A number of isoglosses bisect France.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.

Learning Outcome: 5. Map the world's major language regions 45) Orthography has to do with systems of writing.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 46) The isolation of groups of people has little to do with the formation of different languages.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language

15 .

47) Any isolated group of people develops a language of its own over time.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 48) In the past, Swahili served as the lingua franca throughout East Africa.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 49) Finnish and Estonian are Dravidian languages.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 1. Explain language families 50) The Cyrillic alphabet is the Greek alphabet as it was augmented and taught by the Greek Orthodox missionary Saint Cyril.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 51) The Muslim republics of the former Soviet Union have all abandoned the Cyrillic alphabet and converted to the Roman alphabet.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 16 .

52) All languages are written with alphabets.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 53) Dialects of languages usually diverge more in the way they are spoken than in the way they are written.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 54) The major nonalphabetic forms of writing are Chinese and Japanese.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 55) "Philological nationalism" is the idea that "mother tongues" have given birth to nations.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 56) The English language has a very complex grammar.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages

17 .

57) The principal official languages of Africa are often those of the continent's former European rulers.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 58) English is the only official language recognized in India.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 59) There is only one official language in Canada—English.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 60) The speaking of Native American languages in Bolivia and Peru is prohibited by law.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 61) American English contains terms adopted from Native American languages as well as African languages.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 18 .

62) The language of Madagascar is related to the languages of Africa.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 63) African words which have worked their way into American English are, for the most part, derived from Swahili, an East African language.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 64) A person who follows the tenets of Islam is called a Muslim.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam 65) The month of fasting in Islam is called Ramadan.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam 66) The sacred scriptures of Buddhism are in a collection called Vedas.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 19 .

67) Hindus believe in reincarnation—the individual's rebirth after death.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 68) Confucianism, based on the teachings of K'ung Fu-tzu, governed much of China's political and moral culture for 2000 years.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 69) During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Jews living in Western Europe were required to reside in segregated communities called "ghettos."

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 70) Islam denigrates the earlier cultures of its converts.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam

20 .

71) The two principal sects of Islam—Sunni and Shiite—date back to a struggle over rule of the Muslim world that occurred shortly after Muhammad's death.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam 72) About 85 percent of Muslims worldwide today are of the Sunni sect.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam 73) Most Muslims in Iran are Shiites.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam 74) All three major monotheistic religious—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—proselytize.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 75) There are more Muslims in Indonesia and Pakistan than in all the Arab countries combined.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the significance of the different sects within Islam

21 .

76) There are no significant Protestant denominations that allow women to preach.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the significance of the different sects within Christianity 77) Hinduism classifies people in hierarchy of castes.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 78) Sikhism is an offshoot of Hinduism based on the teachings of Guru Nanak, who tried to reconcile Hinduism and Islam.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 79) Lamaism is a form of Buddhism found in Japan.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society

22 .

80) Confucianism, Taoism, and Shinto, all Eastern systems of belief, focus on behavior rather than on belief in a set of philosophical or theological arguments.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 81) By the end of the fourth century, Christianity was the official religion of the Roman Empire.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the significance of the different sects within Christianity 82) Because religious conversion is a deliberate repudiation of much of what came before, it can destroy a people's earlier culture more completely than political conquest.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 83) The Catholic Church is adamantly opposed to the ordination of women.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 84) Muslims all over the world are encouraged to study the Koran in its original language, Arabic.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 23 .

85) Two major points of agreement between Evangelical Protestantism and Roman Catholicism revolve around the issues of abortion and birth control.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 86) Martin Luther's translation of the Bible into German fixed the common language of Germany.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 87) Jews and Muslims share a religious taboo against eating pork.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 88) The scriptures of most religions bar the charging of interest.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 89) Cattle serve no useful function in India.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 24 .

90) What is a lingua franca and why is it important?

Answer: A lingua franca is a language used for international discourse. It provides a bridge between two groups that do not use the same language within their country.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 91) The language with the most native speakers is ________.

Answer: Chinese with 1.2 billion native speakers Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 92) A common ancestor language that is common to any group of several languages today is known as a ________.

Answer: root language or protolanguage Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 93) What languages employ the Cyrillic alphabet?

Answer: Many Slavic languages, such as Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarussian.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language

25 .

94) Canada is officially a polyglot state, and language is a source of friction between the ________ speaking majority and ________ speaking minority.

Answer: English, French Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 95) When Ireland achieved independence in 1922, the government tried to enforce the use of ________ rather than English.

Answer: Irish, Gaelic Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages 96) Three major dialects had developed in the thirteen English colonies along the Eastern seaboard by the time of the American Revolutionary War. These were ________, ________, and ________ American English.

Answer: Northern; Midland; Southern Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Explain dialect 97) What geographic factor accounts for the fact that both Americans and British speak English?

Answer: migration from Britain to the American colonies Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages

26 .

98) What is Zionism?

Answer: The belief in a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 99) The Roman Emperor ________ (288?-337) converted to Christianity and favored the religion, and by the end of the fourth century, Christianity was the Roman Empire's official religion.

Answer: Constantine Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 9. Explain the significance of the different sects within Christianity 100) Describe syncretic religions.

Answer: They combine elements of two or more religions and they include Voodoo and Santeria.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 101) What is Brahman? Who are the three deities that embody Brahman and what are their functions?

Answer: Supreme Consciousness. Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), Siva (the destroyer).

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society

27 .

102) Religions impact their cultural landscapes through the development of ________.

Answer: architecture, pilgrimages, holidays, burial practices and diet.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 103) Religions differ in their attitudes towards ________, which are often reflected in national laws.

Answer: women Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 104) Protestant sects have splintered as wealthier and more democratic countries have embraced ________.

Answer: women's rights and gay rights Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 105) Several of America's colonies were founded on ________.

Answer: theocracies Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society

28 .

106) Why do we describe a group of related languages as a "family"?

Answer: Any isolated group of people develops a language of its own. This language describes everything that those people see or experience together. If groups of these people break away and disperse, then each group discovers new objects and ideas, and the people have to make up new words for them. After hundreds of years, the descendants of each of these breakaway groups have their own language. Each descendant language has a vocabulary of its own, but each also retains a common core of words from that earliest shared language. When languages separate, they still have a genetic relationship, meaning they share a common ancestor language. The ancestor that is common to any group of several of today's languages is called a root language, or protolanguage. The languages that are related by descent from a common protolanguage comprise a language family.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Defining Languages and Language Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain language 107) Explain how languages can "give birth" to nations.

Answer: Philological nationalism is the idea that "mother tongues" have given birth to nations.

This idea persists despite the fact that standard languages usually were, and still are, the product of deliberate efforts by centralizing governments to create national identities and loyal citizens.

Standardized languages cannot emerge before mass schooling and mass literacy or, alternatively, universal service in a national army. Usually these centralizing pressures transform the language of a small percentage of the population, the political or cultural elite, into the national language.

For example, at the time of the French Revolution in 1789, for example, 50% of the population did not speak French at all, and only 12%-13% spoke the standard language. The new French Republic used education in French as a way to unify different language regions.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Importance of Language Today Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 6. Explain national languages

29 .

108) How have religions diffused to areas beyond where the religion originated?

Answer: Many factors can affect the diffusion of religious practices. One way is through the process of proselytization, which is trying to convert others to one's religion. This is often the work of missionaries and pilgrims who travel and spread their ideas among others. Many of the world's most important religions proselytize, but some do not. Often, religions are described as either universalizing religions, which seek new adherents through proselytization, or ethnic religions, whose adherents are typically born to a particular cultural group. Historically, many governments have designated a national or established church that is the official religion. This helps to spread a religion, often with funding from the government.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Origins and Diffusion of the World's Major Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society 109) Explain how religion can impact the cultural landscape.

Answer: Most landscapes reveal the predominant local religion. The architectural styles of houses of worship, monasteries, and similar institutions are often revealing, for example Muslim mosques usually have freestanding towers, called minarets. Pilgrimage destinations and longstanding religious sites attract many visitors and help connect members of a religion with others in their wider community of believers. Religions recognize different holidays and pace human activities through the year differently, which is often reflected in national laws across religious realms. Religions practice burial customs that create different mortuary landscapes. Hindus and Buddhists cremate their dead, whereas Christians and Muslims usually bury their dead and erect monuments to them. Different religions teach different beliefs concerning the sacredness of plant and animal life, and this affects the farming and dietary practices of their adherents.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Religion's Wider Impact Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 10. Human Systems: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Describe the influence of religion on other aspects of society

30 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 9 Food and Agriculture 1) Agriculture probably originated in A) the Middle East.

B) South America.

C) Ethiopia.

D) Nigeria.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 2) Which of the following is NOT a major center of plant and/or animal domestication?

A) Meso-America B) Eastern North America C) the Middle East D) Southeast Asia Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 3) Maize (corn) was domesticated in A) Africa.

B) Europe.

C) Asia.

D) Mexico.

E) Australia.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth

1 .

4) The Green Revolution A) allowed civilizations to develop in the ancient Middle East.

B) concentrated on higher yielding varieties of crops.

C) allowed farmers in the Midwestern United States to feed most of the world.

D) is an attempt to preserve traditional seed varieties.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 5) Genetically modified (GM) plants are produced by A) applying pesticides.

B) using large quantities of fertilizer.

C) joining the DNA of two organisms to produce an organism with recombined DNA. D) mass production in a factory.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the benefits of biotechnology 6) Which of the following is a characteristic of commercial agriculture?

A) Most of the production is sold to companies that process the food and sell it to consumers.

B) The farmer depends on his or her own production for most food.

C) Technology is low.

D) A great deal of human labor goes into farming.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth

2 .

7) Quinoa and amaranth are A) African names for millet and sorghum.

B) newly developed kinds of fertilizer.

C) sources of illegal drugs.

D) traditional South American grains, dating back to the Inca, that are now being grown in new places and enjoying renewed popularity.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 8) The Cartagena Protocol (1992) is an international agreement dealing with A) global warming from methane produced by cattle.

B) the illegal drug trade.

C) pollution from fertilizer runoff.

D) trade in genetically modified (GM) food products.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the benefits of biotechnology 9) Since Thomas Malthus's theory was first published, all of the following have happened EXCEPT: A) Disasters such as wars and epidemics have killed tens of millions of people.

B) Vast areas of the planet that were scarcely utilized during Malthus's lifetime have been opened to productive agriculture.

C) Many food crops have been transplanted to new areas where they have thrived.

D) Mass starvation has occurred throughout the world, placing a strong control on population growth.

E) New genetically engineered plants are being introduced into the tropics.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 1. Describe population growth

3 .

10) Which of the following does NOT improve local food supplies?

A) spread of disease B) trade C) transportation D) storage Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 11) Which is NOT one of the world's most basic foods?

A) potatoes B) wheat C) rice D) cattle Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 12) Earth's nonagricultural land is usually characterized by one or more of the following EXCEPT A) too cold.

B) too hot.

C) too wet.

D) too dry.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth

4 .

13) Which is a form of subsistence agriculture?

A) shifting cultivation B) mixed farming with livestock C) prairie cereal farming D) plantation farming Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 14) Nomadic herding is least likely to occur in A) Central America.

B) the Middle East.

C) Central Asia.

D) North Africa.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 15) Which of the following is an animal NOT characteristically raised by nomadic herders?

A) cattle B) pigs C) horses D) sheep Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions

5 .

16) Shifting cultivation A) can support low population densities.

B) is characterized by monoculture.

C) is most commonly found in high latitude regions.

D) makes extensive use of machinery.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 17) Shifting cultivation is being replaced by all of the following EXCEPT A) commercial logging.

B) cattle ranching.

C) industry.

D) cultivation of cash crops.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 18) Wet-rice cultivation needs to take place on flat land because A) large-scale machinery is used.

B) the fields are flooded part of the year.

C) major highways are the main means to get the crop to market.

D) hillside fields would erode.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions

6 .

19) About what proportion of the world's people depends wholly or in part on wet rice?

A) one-quarter B) one-half C) one-third D) two-thirds Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 20) In areas where climate makes growing wet rice difficult, the major grain is A) corn.

B) oats.

C) wheat.

D) sorghum.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 21) Of the following crops, which has both the shortest growing season and the ability to grow farther north than the others?

A) maize B) wheat C) rice D) barley Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions

7 .

22) Which of the following is least likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture?

A) butter B) fruits C) grapes D) olives Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Identify commercial agricultural regions 23) Which of the following is not a typical practice in growing rice in Asia?

A) harvesting with a plow drawn by oxen B) flooding the plowed land with rain water C) flattening the land D) transplanting seedlings grown in a nursery Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 24) The first domesticated animals were probably A) horses.

B) cattle.

C) dogs.

D) sheep Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption

8 .

25) The number of domesticated livestock in 2011 was over ________, more than ________ times the human population.

A) 27 billion; 3 B) 15 billion; 2 C) 10 billion; 1.5 D) 3 billion; 0.5 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 26) Over one-third of the world's total grain harvest is fed to A) people.

B) livestock.

C) poor countries.

D) developed countries.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 27) Of all the domesticated animals, the ________ is the most efficient transformer of grain into edible meat.

A) pig B) cow C) sheep D) turkey E) chicken Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 9 .

28) Livestock, especially cattle, contribute to ________ through the production of ________.

A) environmental devastation; milk B) religious significance; milk C) overpopulation; meat D) greenhouse gasses; methane Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 29) In general, the farther a dairy farm is from a large urban area, the lower the percentage of output devoted to fresh milk. This occurs primarily because A) land costs are lower farther from the urban area.

B) milk is more perishable than butter.

C) transport costs are greater farther from the urban area.

D) the quality of soil is lower near an urban area.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 30) Worldwide, about two-thirds of aquatic foods are captured in the wild; the rest are the result of A) aquaculture.

B) marine capture production.

C) freshwater capture production.

D) artisanal fishing.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food

10 .

31) Traditional fishing is most likely to occur in A) Oceania.

B) South America.

C) North America.

D) Europe.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 32) Traditional fishing provides low incomes, but these activities employ about ________ of the world's fishermen.

A) 30 B) 60 C) 80 D) 90 Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 33) Almost one-fourth of the global fish catch now goes into meal and oil, mostly to ________ in wealthy countries.

A) feed people B) feed livestock and pets C) feed school children D) provide vitamin supplements Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food

11 .

34) "Depleting the Common" is a process where A) overfishing by several countries creates a rapid depletion of the fisheries.

B) international funding for fishing operations declines.

C) local fisherman are pushed out of their fishing grounds by commercial fishermen.

D) the most desired fish are overharvested, requiring fishermen to gather less desirable fish, which are worth less money.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 35) Marine animals rely on coastal wetlands, mangrove swamps and rivers for spawning grounds, A) but in recent years these animals have found other spawning grounds.

B) but human intervention has provided artificial spawning grounds.

C) but these only constitute a small percentage of marine animals.

D) but these are being destroyed by pollution and over development.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food

12 .

36) Depletion of atmospheric ozone has increased ultraviolet radiation which is responsible for a ________ decrease in plankton.

A) 10% B) 20% C) 30% D) 40% Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 37) About 90% of the world's marine fish harvest takes place within A) the international fishing waters.

B) twelve miles of shore.

C) coastal countries.

D) the exclusive economic zone.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 38) The process of herding and domesticating aquatic animals is known as A) aquaculture.

B) agriculture.

C) processing.

D) artisanal fishing.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 13 .

39) Which of the following is not a cause for hunger?

A) calorie deficiency B) protein deficiency C) nutrient surplus D) vitamin deficiency Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Define undernourished people 40) A person is considered malnourished when they consume A) the ideal number of nutrients.

B) too few nutrients.

C) too many nutrients.

D) too few or too many nutrients.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Define undernourished people 41) The world today produces ________ pounds of food per person per day.

A) 1.2 B) 2.7 C) 4.3 D) 5.6 Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 10. Locate areas with large numbers of undernourished people

14 .

42) Ejidos means A) Mexican cowboys.

B) land in Mexico that can be used for collateral in obtaining a loan for agriculture.

C) a form of land tenure in which a peasant community collectively owns a piece of land.

D) the slums where migrants to Mexican cities live.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world 43) Food supply problems are often a result of problems with A) economics or politics.

B) geography.

C) technology.

D) climate.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 10. Locate areas with large numbers of undernourished people 44) Many governments enact policies that affect what farmers can earn and keep them at the subsistence level. These policies include all of the following EXCEPT A) price controls.

B) export and import taxes.

C) exchange rate manipulation.

D) reduce the cost to purchase equipment.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world

15 .

45) The redistribution of large land holdings such as plantations to poor would-be farmers is known as A) land redistribution.

B) land reform.

C) land rededication.

D) land segmentation.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world 46) Poor countries do not have the opportunity to sell food products to rich countries because A) the quality of their produce does not meet the standards set by rich countries.

B) the rich countries have erected tariff walls to close their markets of food imports from poor countries.

C) they hardly have the capability to produce sufficient food for themselves.

D) the types of food grown in poor countries are alien to the tastes found in rich countries.

E) poor countries would not know how to use the foreign exchange they received in such an enterprise.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world 47) Sustainable agriculture is food production that can be continued indefinitely and that A) limits or even reverses environmental degradation.

B) increases food production profits.

C) creates demand for cash crops.

D) supports subsistence agricultural initiatives.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world

16 .

48) The Green Revolution refers to the introduction of higher-yielding and hardier strains of crops through advances in botanical science.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Describe population growth 49) Most of Earth's land area is currently being used for agriculture.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 50) In 1997, the World Trade Organization issued clear guidelines as to what is, and what is not, a genetically modified plant or animal.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the risks of biotechnology 51) Scientists have not yet succeeded in cloning animals.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the risks of biotechnology

17 .

52) The potato is native to Europe.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 53) The Green Revolution increased agricultural output in the 1960s, but little progress in increasing agricultural productivity has been made since then.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 54) Genetically modified foods could increase food supplies in poor countries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the benefits of biotechnology 55) Biotechnology can replace chemical pesticides and fertilizers in some instances.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the benefits of biotechnology 56) Today genetic engineering includes recombinant DNA techniques.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the benefits of biotechnology 18 .

57) The United States was the first country to ratify the 1992 Biodiversity Convention.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the benefits of biotechnology 58) Use of genetically modified foods would likely increase employment in the agricultural sector.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the benefits of biotechnology 59) Subsistence agriculture produces food for the people who raise it.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 60) Subsistence agriculture is designed mainly to generate products for sale off the farm.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 61) Shifting cultivation can support low levels of population without causing environmental damage.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 19 .

62) Most people in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have become commercial farmers.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Identify commercial agricultural regions 63) Crops grown in the mixed crop and livestock region are used primarily to feed animals.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Identify commercial agricultural regions 64) Most of the wheat grown in the American grain region is consumed by animals.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Identify commercial agricultural regions 65) Ranching is practiced in the dry lands of both developing and relatively developed countries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Identify commercial agricultural regions 66) Subsistence agriculture involves large amounts of effort used to produce the maximum feasible yield from a given piece of land.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 20 .

67) What people eat, or refuse to eat, has little to do with culture.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 68) The total number of domesticated livestock in 2011 totaled less than 10 billion.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 69) Domesticated livestock provide protein, hides, wool and other raw materials.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 70) Meat consumption is more common in developed countries than in developing countries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption

21 .

71) Beef cattle are the domestic animals that are the most efficient transformers of grain into meat.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 72) The raising of livestock seldom have any negative environmental effects.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 73) The pollution associated with industrial livestock farming is increasing in the United States.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 74) The Law of the Sea treaty allows coastal countries to claim an EEZ extending up to 20 miles offshore.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food

22 .

75) The process of herding or domesticating aquatic animals is known as aquaculture.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 76) Humans harvested about 168 million tons of aquatic foods in 2010, primarily fish.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 77) Fish accounts for one-third of all harvested aquatic life measured by weight, and most of this catch is freshwater fish.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 78) Fishing is frequently a dangerous occupation, and it demands skills and knowledge.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food

23 .

79) Global warming might also alter ocean currents that currently sustain many of the most productive fisheries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 80) International agreements among the world's fishing nations have been highly effective at reducing the impacts of commercial fishing and have helped restore stocks.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 81) In some countries of the world, food supplies are insufficient to provide the entire population with a nutritious diet.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Define undernourished people 82) The problem is not that the world does not produce sufficient food to feed the population; the problem has to do with distribution, the ability to deliver food where it is needed.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 10. Locate areas with large numbers of undernourished people

24 .

83) In many countries, the landholding systems are holdovers from colonial periods.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world 84) In 2000, the United States stopped subsidizing farmers.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world 85) The world production and distribution of food is the result of complex interactions among environmental, technological, political, and economic factors.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 10. Locate areas with large numbers of undernourished people 86) Those countries of the world that have surpluses of food are fortunate because none of their people go hungry.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Locate areas with large numbers of undernourished people

25 .

87) Systems of land ownership in many countries retard food production.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world 88) The ejido system is a form of land tenure found in Mexico where a peasant community collectively owns a piece of land and the natural resources and houses on it.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world 89) Although most of the rich countries in the world have called for an end to farm subsidies, the United States is strongly opposed to such a move.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world 90) Rich nations have subsidized their own farmers so generously that they can export or dump subsidized food on the poorer countries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world

26 .

91) The overall impact of farm subsidies on a worldwide scale is to increase food surpluses in the rich countries and to discourage food production in the poor countries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world 92) Historically, until approximately 1950, what had been the most important method of increasing the world's food supply?

Answer: expand land area under agriculture Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the ways that food production has kept up with population growth 93) The focused effort to increase food production through the development of new grain technology and other advances is called the ________.

Answer: green revolution Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the benefits of biotechnology 94) What is the distinctive type of agriculture practiced in the dry lands of developing countries?

Answer: nomadic herding Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions

27 .

95) In shifting cultivation, how do farmers clear their fields for planting?

Answer: slash and burn Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 96) What is the distinctive type of agriculture practiced in the population concentrations of East and South Asia?

Answer: intensive rice farming Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions 97) What are some major plantation crops?

Answer: They include coffee, sugarcane, bananas, and rubber.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 6. Identify commercial agricultural regions 98) Many domesticated animals eat grass, foliage and other plant materials that humans cannot digest; however, some ________ are fed to livestock rather than being grown for human consumption.

Answer: feed grains Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption

28 .

99) Butter and cheese are more valuable than fluid milk. This is explained by the concept of ________.

Answer: value added by manufacturing Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 100) A(n) ________ is an area where certain kinds of fishing or fish farming are used to yield certain species.

Answer: fishery Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 101) Commercial fishing competes with traditional fishing both on the ________ by diminishing local stocks and at ________ by driving down prices.

Answer: water; market Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food 102) A person is ________ when he or she has too few or too many nutrients.

Answer: malnourished Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 9. Define undernourished people

29 .

103) Food shortages that lead to extensive starvation in a population are known as ________.

Answer: famines Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 10. Locate areas with large numbers of undernourished people 104) Discuss ways in which biotechnology has modified crops.

Answer: Biotechnology offers genetically altered crops that can be custom designed to fit the environment and produce bountiful harvests. It can even replace chemical pesticides. Breeding natural herbicides and pesticides into the plants themselves reduces the enormous quantities of chemicals and energy consumed in the manufacture, packaging, distribution, and application of chemical herbicides and pesticides. For example, new genetically modified maize significantly reduces the need for pesticides on that crop, and a new type of Russet Burbank potato contains its own protection against the Colorado potato beetle.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Feeding a Growing Population Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Describe the benefits of biotechnology 105) How does subsistence farming compare with commercial farming?

Answer: Subsistence agricultural villages rely on their own food production and are likely to raise many food crops that they will mostly consume themselves. Agricultural polyculture is the practice of growing a variety of crops and farm animals. Even if one or two crops fail in a given season, the farmer will likely have enough food to last until the next harvest. Once subsistence farmers begin to trade food with other places, however, they dedicate more of their land and labor to the production of a smaller number of foods that can be exchanged more widely. We saw this pattern in Chapter 7, which described how remote villages will begin to specialize their economic activities as they become more dependent on trade. Farmers engaged in fully commercial agriculture often specialize in one or two crops for sale at market, using the money they earn to import other foods from elsewhere. Limiting production to just one crop or animal is agricultural monoculture.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Agriculture Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 5. Identify subsistence agricultural regions

30 .

106) Explain the significance of direct and indirect consumption of grains.

Answer: Many domesticated animals eat grass, foliage, and other plant material that humans cannot digest. Some grains, however, called feed grains, are fed to livestock. Eventually, either the livestock or their products are consumed by humans, so we say that humans consume feed grains indirectly. Over one-third of the world's total grain harvest is fed to livestock. This percentage is higher in richer countries. As a country develops economically, the population consumes a greater amount of grain, but an increasing percentage of that grain is consumed indirectly as meat and dairy products. Meat is the center of a people's diet only in the richest countries, and some nutritionists argue that the consumption of so much meat and dairy products leads to increases in debilitating diseases such as heart disease. Nevertheless, most people want and enjoy meat and dairy products. Therefore, rising incomes in some countries multiply the populations' appetites for grain consumed indirectly as meat.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Livestock Around the World Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 7. Explain how raising livestock can result in fewer crops for human consumption 107) How are pollution and overdevelopment along the world's coastlines reducing the amount and quality of fish in marine fisheries?

Answer: Marine animals rely on coastal wetlands, mangrove swamps, or rivers for spawning grounds, but the world's wetlands and coasts are being destroyed by pollution and overdevelopment. The massive 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico will have long-term consequences for aquatic life in an area that previously supplied 20% of all U.S. catch. About one-half of the world's population lives within 200 kilometers (124 miles) of an ocean, contributing to the pollution that reaches the seas. Heavy metals such as mercury have contaminated fish and damaged the health of people who eat them. Sewage, fertilizers, and runoff from agriculture have overfed algae (tiny marine plants), causing them to grow so rapidly that they use up the oxygen that fish need to breathe. In turn, the collapse of oceanic food supplies puts greater pressure on inland, freshwater species.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Aquatic Food Supplies Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 8. List the different types of fishing and fisheries that produce the world's aquatic food

31 .

108) Explain sustainable agriculture and its importance.

Answer: Sustainable agriculture is food production that can be continued indefinitely and that limits or even reverses environmental degradation. There are many definitions of what constitutes sustainable agriculture. One definition is provided by U.S. law, which describes sustainable agriculture as an "integrated system of plant and animal production" that will provide food and sustain the farm economically while also improving the environment and limiting the use of nonrenewable and synthetic resources. Such practices should sustain local soil and water quality, for example, which are necessary for the continued success of the farm and the health of farming communities and consumers. Such a broad definition obviously touches on all aspects of food: production, distribution, commerce, and consumption.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Hunger and Food Security Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Explain the importance of land reforms in the developing world

32 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 10 Cities and Urbanization 1) The region to which a city provides services and from which it draws its needs is its A) economy.

B) situation.

C) hinterland.

D) central place.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 1. Describe basic activities in the urban economy 2) The first cities appeared in A) China.

B) Egypt.

C) the Indus Valley.

D) Turkey and Iraq.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 3) ________ is the process by which cities bring people and activities together in one place for greater convenience.

A) Agglomeration B) Geomancy C) Urbanization D) Incorporation Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities

1 .

4) A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside a settlement is a A) basic industry.

B) functional classification.

C) nonbasic industry.

D) primate city.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 1. Describe basic activities in the urban economy 5) When several cities grow and merge together into vast urban areas, they are called A) primate cities.

B) regions.

C) agglomerations.

D) conurbations.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 1. Describe basic activities in the urban economy 6) Which of the following countries does not contain a primate city?

A) United States B) France C) Thailand D) Primate cities no longer exist.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities

2 .

7) By 100 C.E., Rome had probably reached a population of A) 50,000.

B) 200,000.

C) 300,000.

D) 450,000.

E) 500,000.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.

Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 8) Cities rely on their ________ for food and provide them goods and services.

A) populations B) neighboring cities C) hinterlands D) farmers Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 9) Jobs in the basic sector often create or support jobs in the nonbasic sector through the A) development of primate cities.

B) reduction in government workers.

C) efforts of employees to save money rather than spend money.

D) multiplier effect.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 1. Describe basic activities in the urban economy

3 .

10) Which of the following was NOT true of early settlements?

A) They contained society's schools, museums, libraries and archives.

B) They housed women and children while the men searched for food.

C) They protected the group's land claims and food sources.

D) They were often surrounded by defensive walls.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 11) In central place theory, the minimum demand for a product or service is called the A) threshold.

B) hinterland.

C) isotropic plain.

D) hierarchy.

E) radius.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the meaning of urban hierarchy 12) The only geometric shape that meets the three requirements of Christaller's central place theory is a pattern of A) circles.

B) squares.

C) triangles.

D) polygons.

E) hexagons.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.

Learning Outcome: 5. Explain how an urban hierarchy diffuses goods and services

4 .

13) Gateway cities are those that A) arise where two physical areas meet or at the border between two cultures.

B) are surrounded by walls.

C) developed in European countries.

D) were established during the Industrial Revolution.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 14) An example of a major city that is located in an unfavorable location would be A) New York City.

B) Louisville.

C) Mexico City.

D) Boston.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 15) In an urban hierarchy, there is a relationship between the market area and the diffusion of goods and services, which is an example of a ________ region.

A) peripheral B) vernacular C) formal D) functional Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 5. Explain how an urban hierarchy diffuses goods and services

5 .

16) Itinerant businesses are those that A) are only open seasonally.

B) are based on providing convenience items.

C) agglomerate services to save travel costs.

D) travel from place to place to sell their goods.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 5. Explain how an urban hierarchy diffuses goods and services 17) Central place theory A) states that cities and towns are surrounded by core areas.

B) was formulated by Walter Christaller.

C) asserts that market hinterlands must be of intermediate shape.

D) asserts that the ideal shape for the market hinterland is the oval.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the meaning of urban hierarchy 18) Self-built houses on the periphery of cities in developing countries are known as A) squatter settlements.

B) refugee camps.

C) ghettos.

D) slums.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 7. Describe rapid growth in cities today

6 .

19) In the seventeenth century, ________ became the first modern urban country, with over onehalf of its population living in cities and towns.

A) England B) The Netherlands C) Spain D) France E) Greece Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 5. Explain how an urban hierarchy diffuses goods and services 20) Today urbanization is occurring in many places without economic development, especially in A) poor countries.

B) rich countries.

C) European countries.

D) the United States.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 7. Describe rapid growth in cities today 21) Governments often invest more in cities than in rural areas because it A) is politically popular.

B) is more cost effective.

C) increases opportunities.

D) improves migration.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 7. Describe rapid growth in cities today

7 .

22) Backyard shops, street hawkers, and providers of simple services on street corners constitute the A) workforce.

B) informal sector.

C) tax base.

D) basic economy.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 7. Describe rapid growth in cities today 23) An estimated 4 billion people cannot create wealth or recuperate from disaster because of the lack of A) legal records.

B) money.

C) capital investment.

D) credit.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions 24) Which of the following is unlikely to be found in the zone of transition that surrounds the CBD? A) warehouses B) wholesaling C) upper-class residences D) light industry Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions

8 .

25) The central business district is characterized by A) a high degree of accessibility.

B) low buildings.

C) a random arrangement of different functions.

D) single-family homes.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 26) Functions within the CBD are often A) clustered.

B) exempt from zoning laws.

C) randomly arranged.

D) housed in one-story buildings.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 27) This urban form model describes how highways disperse central-city activities around the region.

A) peripheral model B) sector model C) multiple-nuclei model D) concentric zone model Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions

9 .

28) According to the sector model, low-income housing is located near A) industry and its associated transportation corridors.

B) an outer ring surrounding the city.

C) nodes near universities and parks.

D) renovated inner-city neighborhoods.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 29) Government restrictions on the use to which various parcels of land may be put is called A) planning.

B) suburbanization.

C) zoning.

D) restrictive ordinances.

E) districting.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 30) According to the authors, the most important city planner of the 20th century was A) Howard.

B) Le Corbusier.

C) Frank Lloyd Wright.

D) Christaller.

E) Lucio Costa.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions

10 .

31) Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have A) a low threshold.

B) a low range.

C) services for office workers.

D) a manufacturing component.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 32) Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of A) competition for limited space.

B) high threshold and range.

C) less intensive land use.

D) construction of skyscrapers.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 33) The multiple nuclei theory recognized that A) cities grow.

B) residential areas are racially segregated.

C) cities develop around several nodes.

D) urban sprawl has developed in cities.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions

11 .

34) Which of the following groups is NOT likely to be attracted to a gentrifying neighborhood?

A) young professionals B) empty-nesters C) young family with many children.

D) the highly educated Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the social factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 35) The process by which a city expands its boundaries is called A) incorporation.

B) rank-size rule.

C) annexation.

D) central place.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 36) The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) programs had the effect of A) promoting gentrification.

B) integrating neighborhoods racially.

C) improving urban schools.

D) promoting housing segregation.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the economic factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S.

12 .

37) When populations spread out from urban centers creating conurbations, the Census Bureau created the term ________ to describe these areas.

A) metropolitan statistical areas B) major urbanized regions C) agglomeration D) high density rural areas Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the economic factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 38) The desire to live in suburbs relates to Americans' fondness for A) heavy traffic.

B) lower opportunity for home ownership.

C) return to nature.

D) row houses and apartments.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the social factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 39) When a developer buys land beyond the edge of growth causing the infrastructure network to be developed in an irregular pattern, it is called A) suburban growth.

B) urban sprawl.

C) leapfrogging.

D) agglomeration.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the economic factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S.

13 .

40) The U.S. government has encouraged the use of cars in part by A) building interstate highways.

B) charging high gasoline taxes.

C) constructing new subways.

D) protecting prime agricultural land.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the social factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 41) A city is a concentrated nonagricultural human settlement.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 1. Describe basic activities in the urban economy 42) Megalopolis, Greek for "city of millions," is a great conurbation that stretches from Boston, Massachusetts to Washington, D.C., along the eastern seaboard of the United States.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 43) The world's largest urban areas are generally called "metropolises."

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities

14 .

44) Included in urban geography is the study of the functions of cities and their economic role in organizing territory.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the meaning of urban hierarchy 45) The process whereby each job in the basic sector supports several jobs in the nonbasic sector is known as the multiplier effect.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 2. Describe nonbasic activities in the urban economy 46) At the very least, cities depend on their hinterlands for food.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the meaning of urban hierarchy 47) Incorporation is the process of defining a city territory and establishing a government.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the meaning of urban hierarchy 48) Paris and London are primate cities even though they are located in relatively developed countries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions 15 .

49) The most important function of cities in traditional societies was economic.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 5. Explain how an urban hierarchy diffuses goods and services 50) The part of a city's economy that produces exports is called the nonbasic sector.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 2. Describe nonbasic activities in the urban economy 51) Cities that grow at sites where the method of transportation necessarily changes—e.g., a waterfall on a navigable river—are called break-of-bulk points.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 52) An isotropic plain is a heterogeneous flat surface across which population density and resources are randomly distributed.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the meaning of urban hierarchy

16 .

53) When improvements in transportation allow people to travel farther to obtain services or goods, the smallest central places may lose their reason for existence.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 5. Explain how an urban hierarchy diffuses goods and services 54) One of the world's largest cities, Mexico City, is located on one of the least favorable places to build a city.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 55) In Christaller's model of central place theory, an urban hierarchy is demonstrated by the distribution of larger cities as a grid of larger hexagons superimposed upon the grid of small hexagons representing smaller towns.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 5. Explain how an urban hierarchy diffuses goods and services 56) An activity is labor-intensive if it employs a low ratio of workers to the amount of capital invested in machinery.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 5. Explain how an urban hierarchy diffuses goods and services

17 .

57) The largest class of employed workers in English cities during the Industrial Revolution was government workers.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions 58) Rapid urbanization continues today in the relatively developed countries.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 7. Describe rapid growth in cities today 59) Underground economies typically make up a greater percentage of the GNP in poorer countries than in richer countries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions 60) Cities today offer more opportunities for employment than they did in the past.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 61) The central business district is the least desirable part of any city due to its high crime.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 18 .

62) The core of the city, the central business district (CBD), concentrates office buildings and retail shops.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 63) Almost any factor of social bonding, such as religion or language, can encourage the creation of an identifiable residential community.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the social factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 64) Government restrictions as to the use of various parcels of land are called zoning.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 65) Corbusier wanted to rebuild the core of Paris into a radiant city of tall glass offices and apartments.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions

19 .

66) The sector model of cities assumes that high-rent residential areas expand outward from the city center in concentric rings.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 67) The urban model that best describes the expansion of United States metropolitan areas is the concentric zone model.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 68) The founder of Western city planning is thought to be Euripides of Athens.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions 69) In his book Garden Cities of Tomorrow, Sir Ebenezer Howard proposed relocating excess urban population into new medium-sized garden cities.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions

20 .

70) The first modern attempt to formulate the needs of the city as a whole was the work of Le Corbusier.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions 71) The urban models developed to explain United States cities also explain Latin American cities.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions 72) A smaller share of U.S. wealth today is invested in housing and the necessary infrastructure than that of any other nation.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the economic factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 73) Federal Housing Administration loans favored new single-family housing over the rehabilitation of older houses or apartment buildings.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the economic factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S.

21 .

74) One of the lessons of U.S. population and housing expansion after World War II was that the building of single-family homes is an efficient way of housing a population.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the economic factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 75) A rising percentage of the food raised in the United States has to be grown in less-thanoptimal conditions because many cities have expanded into their immediate hinterlands.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the economic factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 76) Satellite cities, or edge cities, describe suburbs that have generated their own foci of activity.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the social factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 77) Most commuting in the United States is from the suburbs into the central city.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the social factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S.

22 .

78) Commuting costs in America have declined substantially over the last decade.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the social factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 79) The process of concentrating populations in cities is called ________.

Answer: urbanization Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 80) In regard to urban areas, what does the term "incorporation" mean?

Answer: Incorporation involves the definition of a city territory and the establishment of a government for that territory.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 81) No product or service can be provided without a minimum number of customers creating a minimum demand, known as the ________.

Answer: threshold Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 5. Explain how an urban hierarchy diffuses goods and services

23 .

82) Christaller's central place theory is based on the idea that each settlement serves its ________ as a central place to do business, which is defined as a ________.

Answer: hinterland; market area Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the meaning of urban hierarchy 83) New arrivals to cities in the developing world often establish informal communities known as ________.

Answer: informal settlements Diff: 1 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions 84) A(n) ________ cannot develop unless property rights are acknowledged and protected, and economic growth will probably occur most rapidly in the developing countries that ensure property rights.

Answer: modern market economy Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions 85) The process where governments prescribe the use to which parcels of land may be put is ________.

Answer: zoning Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions

24 .

86) Sometimes the government takes control of private property for public use under ________.

Under this power, the government must provide just compensation for the property.

Answer: eminent domain Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the economic factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 87) What is leapfrogging?

Answer: Suburban development beyond the edge of growth.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the economic factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 88) Why would it be difficult for the U.S. government to reduce or abolish subsidies for homeowners?

Answer: Many homeowners benefit from the subsidies, and they would likely mount formidable political pressure against any efforts to reduce the subsidies.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. Identify the economic factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S. 89) The spatial mismatch hypothesis states that ________.

Answer: manufacturing jobs moved to the suburbs and the poor were concentrated in the central cities, which caused a mismatch between job opportunity and low-income housing Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 7. Describe rapid growth in cities today 25 .

90) The study of urban geography considers three topics. Name these topics.

Answer: 1. The functions of cities and their economic role in organizing territory 2. Urbanization as it occurred in the past and as it is continuing in different countries today 3. The internal geography of cities is the internal distribution of housing, industry, commerce, and other aspects of urban life across different cultures.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Urban Functions Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Give examples of advantageous locations for cities 91) Explain how Christaller's central place theory models the development of settlements on an isotropic plane.

Answer: Central place theory is the idea that each city, town, village, or hamlet serves its hinterland as the central place to do business, defined as a market area. Central places of different sizes are also related to one another. The central places with the smallest market areas offer basic goods and services, but a city with its larger hinterland that includes smaller towns and villages offers more specialized goods and services. The efficiency of Christaller's model has informed the planning of new cities in countries with unsettled lands. The land that the Dutch have claimed from the sea behind new dikes is similar to an isotropic plain. There, Dutch geographers have planned new market towns on hexagonal grids.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Locations of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the meaning of urban hierarchy

26 .

92) Describe the process of urbanization in Britain, including its social consequences.

Answer: In Britain urbanization occurred with industrialization. More than half of Britain's people lived in cities and towns by about 1900. Several developments over the previous 200 years had resulted in the concentration of Britain's population in cities. These included the following: 1. Improvements in agricultural technology reduced the need for the number of agricultural workers. Landowners found it profitable to release employees and to evict tenants, resulting in rural depopulation. 2. Displaced workers migrated to the cities where many were absorbed by the concurrent labor intensive activity stage of the Industrial Revolution. 3.

Population pressures were somewhat relieved by emigration, or else by the forcible exportation of criminals and debtors throughout the British Empire. The colonies of Georgia and Australia absorbed many of these deported people.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: World Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 9. Outline the basic features of urban functions in different world regions 93) What are the four models developed by and derived from The Chicago School to illustrate the internal geography of cities?

Answer: 1. The concentric zone model of urban growth and land use has a city core called the central business district (CBD), which concentrates office buildings and retail shops The CBD is surrounded by less-intensive business uses such as wholesaling, warehousing, and even light industry–that is, nonpolluting industries that require relatively small quantities of raw materials.

Residential land use surrounds this urban core.

2. The sector model assumes that high-rent residential areas expand outward from the city center along new transportation routes such as streetcar and suburban commuter rail lines.

Middle-income housing clusters around high rent housing, and low-income housing lies adjacent to the areas of industry and associated transportation, such as freight railroad lines.

3. The multiple-nuclei model recognizes the development of several nodes of growth within an expanding city area. The city's multiple nuclei may each concentrate on a different special function, and each promotes further nearby development.

4. The peripheral model shows how radial and circumferential highways continue to draw activities out of the central city and to disperse them around the region.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Internal Geography of Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 8. Define urban functions

27 .

94) What is the network hypothesis and how does it help explain the high level of unemployment found in many inner-city areas?

Answer: Networks of working family or friends provide unskilled urbanites seeking entry-level positions with information about jobs, sponsorship for jobs, and role models for work. Hiring is referential, not residential. Many urban black communities, after a generation or two outside the mainstream of labor opportunity, may lack these crucial links because the social networks conducive to upward mobility have deteriorated. The theory that it is the lack of these networks that causes unemployment may be called the network hypothesis. Scholars investigating this hypothesis note that significant numbers of inner-city jobs, even those in manufacturing, have often been captured by groups whose residences are distant, even though local residents cannot get work.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Cities and Suburbs in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the social factors that have driven suburbanization in the U.S.

28 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 11 A World of States 1) An independent political unit that claims exclusive jurisdiction over a territory and all the people in it is a A) colony.

B) nationality.

C) satellite.

D) state.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 2) The ________ established the principle of a ruler over a territory and noninterference in the territory of another ruler.

A) dominum B) Merovingian kings C) Treaty of Westphalia D) United Nations Charter Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 3) Willingness to join together to form a government to solve common problems is A) a political community.

B) a state.

C) a constitution.

D) an election.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state

1 .

4) A group of people who occupy a particular area and want to have their own government is a A) centripetal force.

B) nation.

C) self-determination.

D) unitary state.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 5) The Swiss philosopher ________ laid the foundations for the idea of the "social contract."

A) Jean Jacques Rousseau B) Immanuel Kant C) Jean Paul Sarte D) Herbert Spencer Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 6) Who was responsible for spreading the idea of the nation-state across Europe in the early nineteenth century?

A) King Louis XVII B) Napoleon Bonaparte C) Pope Pius VII D) Admiral Horatio Nelson Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state

2 .

7) The idea of nationalism matured in Europe in A) the Middle Ages.

B) the Reformation.

C) the Renaissance.

D) the nineteenth century.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 8) The theory of "Social Darwinism" was created by A) Charles Darwin.

B) David Hume.

C) Herbert Spencer.

D) John Locke.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 9) Europeans often used the native rulers in a colony as intermediaries between themselves and the people. This form of government is called A) an oligarchy.

B) irredenta.

C) rule by envoy.

D) indirect rule.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state

3 .

10) How old is the idea that the whole world should be divided into countries?

A) It dates from the beginning of human history.

B) It began when the first civilizations arose in Mesopotamia.

C) It started in the Roman Empire.

D) It has developed over the last two hundred years or so.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the challenges that territorial shapes present to governments 11) A nation is typically distinguished by the nation's A) arts.

B) culture.

C) history.

D) desire for sovereignty.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 12) A nation-state A) must be recognized by the United Nations Security Council in order to be legitimate.

B) rules a territory that contains all members of a nation.

C) is very large in most cases.

D) is a concept that was old by the time of the Roman Empire.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state

4 .

13) An example that comes closest to being a true nation-state would be A) the United States.

B) Germany.

C) Iceland.

D) China.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 14) A set of unwritten rules or unwritten ways in which written rules are interpreted and actually enforced is A) a constitution.

B) a police force.

C) an oligarchy.

D) a political culture.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 15) The concept that nationalities have the right to govern themselves is known as A) centripetal force.

B) nation-state.

C) self-determination.

D) sovereignty.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state

5 .

16) A ________ may have administrative divisions, but most decisions are made in the national capital.

A) federal state B) nation-state C) compact state D) unitary state Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the challenges that subdivisions present to governments 17) About ________ percent of Canada remains in territorial status.

A) 75 B) 60 C) 40 D) 25 Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the challenges that subdivisions present to governments 18) Poland and Zimbabwe are examples of ________ states.

A) compact B) prorupt C) elongated D) fragmented Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the challenges that territorial shapes present to governments

6 .

19) Which shape features a narrow extension called a corridor?

A) prorupted B) elongated C) fragmented D) compact Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the challenges that territorial shapes present to governments 20) ________ is an example of a prorupt state.

A) Poland B) Thailand C) Zimbabwe D) Chile E) Japan Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the challenges that territorial shapes present to governments 21) Norway is a good example of a(n)________ state.

A) prorupt B) compact C) perforated D) elongated E) fragmented Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the challenges that territorial shapes present to governments

7 .

22) Geometric boundaries are generally used A) in cities.

B) in the mountains.

C) in featureless places.

D) nowhere.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the challenges that boundaries present to governments 23) A government that is run according to the interests of its ruler or ruling elite is A) a democracy.

B) an oligarchy.

C) an autocracy.

D) a theocracy.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the challenges that subdivisions present to governments 24) The United States has a(n) ________ form of government with internal unitary subdivisions.

A) oligarchical B) monarchical C) unitary D) federal Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the challenges that subdivisions present to governments

8 .

25) Forces that bind a state together are ________ forces.

A) unitary B) federal C) centripetal D) centrifugal Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe factors that help to unify a country 26) Forces that pull a state apart are ________ forces.

A) unitary B) federal C) centripetal D) centrifugal Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe factors that can break a country apart 27) Which of the following is NOT a centripetal force?

A) subnationalism B) education C) symbols D) public institutions Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe factors that help to unify a country

9 .

28) In political geography, the collection of symbols of a state is A) the treasury.

B) the government.

C) the legislature.

D) iconography.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe factors that help to unify a country 29) Subnationalism is when A) a state is split by regional or other allegiances.

B) a nation is divided between two states.

C) one nation is ruled by another.

D) a group uses a symbol to unify the state.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe factors that can break a country apart 30) An example of a nationality divided among more than one state would be the A) Belgians.

B) Kurds.

C) Japanese.

D) United States.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe factors that can break a country apart

10 .

31) Rebel groups fighting for greater rights and independence from a central government commonly result in A) a poor standard of living.

B) an improved governmental system.

C) peace between national groups.

D) civil wars.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Summarize the location of different types of conflict in the world today 32) Forcible and violent expulsion from a state is called A) genocide.

B) subnationalism.

C) ethnic cleansing.

D) civil wars.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Explain how states rule their territory 33) The practice of intentionally trying to eliminate a national, ethnic, racial or religious group is known as A) genocide.

B) subnationalism.

C) ethnic cleansing.

D) civil wars.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the different types of conflict in the world today

11 .

34) Geopolitics A) was first discussed in the middle of the twentieth century.

B) focuses on the economic cooperation between countries.

C) includes ideas that advocated territorial expansion of countries.

D) is the study of political geography.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Explain how states rule their territory 35) The fundamental form of cooperation between states, in which they formally acknowledge each other's existence, is A) allegiance.

B) treaties.

C) recognition.

D) boundary demarcation.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Explain how states cooperate on nonstate territories 36) The Law of the Sea permits each coastal state to claim an exclusive economic zone that extends ________ nautical miles from shore.

A) 3 B) 12 C) 100 D) 200 Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 13. Explain how states cooperate on nonstate territories

12 .

37) A situation of disagreement between states, whether it includes warfare or not, is called A) a misunderstanding.

B) an overture.

C) a war.

D) a conflict.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. Summarize the location of different types of conflict in the world today 38) A specific agreement that binds states to cooperate in a set of ways on various issues are A) treaties.

B) considered diplomacy.

C) geopolitics.

D) squabbles.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Explain how states cooperate on nonstate territories 39) The ________ was created in 1948 to deal with combating disease around the world.

A) Centers for Disease Control B) International Court of Justice C) World Health Organization D) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 14. Contrast how states rule their territories with how they cooperate on nonstate territories

13 .

40) The International Atomic Energy Agency was created in 1957 and reports to the A) World Health Organization.

B) United Nations.

C) United States.

D) European Union.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Explain how states cooperate on nonstate territories 41) In 1994 the United States, Canada and Mexico were linked through the A) North American Free Trade Agreement.

B) European Union.

C) United Nations.

D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 13. Explain how states cooperate on nonstate territories 42) German geographer Friedrich Ratzel suggested that each nation needed Lebensraum, which means A) geopolitics.

B) room to live.

C) survival of the fittest.

D) the strong will survive at the expense of the weak.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 12. Explain how states rule their territory

14 .

43) Drawing the boundaries of voting districts so that one group has an unfair advantage is A) apportionment.

B) a census.

C) gerrymandering.

D) a technique used throughout Europe.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government 44) Electoral geography studies elections and voting patterns and is a sub-field of A) cultural geography.

B) urban geography.

C) political geography.

D) economic geography.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government 45) The process of ________ determines how many representatives each part of the country should have in the U.S. House of Representatives.

A) apportionment B) gerrymandering C) districting D) an election Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government

15 .

46) A state must have a minimum of ________ representative(s) in the House of Representatives.

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government 47) Each state is represented by ________ senators regardless of the state's population.

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government 48) Majority-minority districts dictate that A) you must have equal number of people in the majority and minority races.

B) the majority of districts contain minority populations.

C) the districts should assess the voter dilution.

D) the majority of voters belong to racial minorities.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government

16 .

49) The term state refers to a political structure, while the term nation refers to a people.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 50) The nation-state concept originated and has been used most extensively in Asia.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 51) One characteristic of European imperialism was the creation of superimposed boundaries, that is, boundaries drawn without regard for existing political or cultural bounds.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the challenges that boundaries present to governments 52) One of the unusual aspects of European imperialism was that the European countries always recognized the national rights of their colonial subjects.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 53) The idea that a state claims exclusive sovereignty over a demarcated space and all of the people and resources within it originated in the Roman Empire.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 17 .

54) Expression of the term "Kings of the Franks" as compared to "Kings of France" illustrates the difference between ruling the people and ruling the territory and everything and everyone in it.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 55) Everyone in a given nationality must follow the same religion and speak the same language.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 56) Iceland is a good example of a nation-state.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 57) According to Woodrow Wilson, the ideal of the nation-state was self-determination.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state

18 .

58) Charles Darwin extended his theory of evolution to include survival of the fittest among cultures and peoples in a proposition called "social Darwinism."

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.

Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 59) Physical boundaries are better than cultural boundaries at peacefully separating nationalities.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the challenges that boundaries present to governments 60) A prorupt state has at least one narrow extension of its territory.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the challenges that territorial shapes present to governments 61) Most national governments today are classified as federal governments.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the challenges that subdivisions present to governments 62) Russia and India are federated states.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the challenges that subdivisions present to governments 19 .

63) The shape of a country may affect its ability to consolidate its territory and control circulation across its borders.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the challenges that territorial shapes present to governments 64) About one-third of the total national land area in the United States is owned by the federal government.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 5. Describe democratic governments 65) The mountain passes of early Switzerland divided the people from each other.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the challenges that boundaries present to governments 66) Every country has an iconography, a set of national symbols, which include a national anthem and flag.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Describe factors that help to unify a country

20 .

67) Somalia is one of the most politically stable countries in Africa.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe factors that can break a country apart 68) When the entire population of a state is not bound by a shared sense of nationalism but is split by several local primary allegiances, that state is said to suffer from cultural subnationalism.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe factors that can break a country apart 69) The Basque region in Europe lies within the boundaries of Spain.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Describe factors that can break a country apart 70) Bilateral treaties are designed to provide agreements between two countries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Explain how states cooperate on nonstate territories 71) The United States was one of the first countries to sign the law banning the production and use of land mines.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Explain how states cooperate on nonstate territories 21 .

72) The United Nations enforces strict laws about the altitude to which national airspace extends.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 13. Explain how states cooperate on nonstate territories 73) A situation of disagreement between states is a conflict and usually involves warfare.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the different types of conflict in the world today 74) The United States federal government is a perfect example of the one-person one-vote principle; the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the presidency are based on population count.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government 75) Al Gore won more votes than George W. Bush in the 2000 election.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government 76) Members of the House of Representatives are elected by popular vote, but Senators and the President are elected through a "representative" vote.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government 22 .

77) The Supreme Court of the United States has consistently affirmed the constitutionality of majority-minority Congressional districts.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government 78) When a state rules over a territory that contains all the people who are culturally joined as a nation, it is a ________.

Answer: nation-state Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government 79) Territorial claims on a neighbor are called ________.

Answer: irredenta Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the challenges that territorial shapes present to governments 80) What are some states that have moved their capital?

Answer: Russia, Turkey, Brazil, and Nigeria are some examples.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the challenges that subdivisions present to governments

23 .

81) List five types of state shapes.

Answer: compact; prorupted; elongated; fragmented; archipelago; perforated Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Identify the challenges that territorial shapes present to governments 82) Give an example from the United States of a centrifugal force and a centripetal force.

Answer: centrifugal: political party differences, stance on issues such as abortion, different regional economies, presence of ethnic minorities centripetal: language, singing the National Anthem, celebrating July 4 Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe factors that help to unify a country 83) Explain the difference between ethnic cleansing and genocide.

Answer: Ethnic cleansing involves the removal (by expulsion or even death) of those members of a nation from the state in order to create a nation-state. Genocide is the practice of intentionally trying to eliminate a national, ethnic, racial or religious group.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 10. Explain the different types of conflict in the world today 84) What is geopolitics?

Answer: The manner in which states use political, military, and economic means to exercise control and project their power.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 12. Explain how states rule their territory

24 .

85) How did geopolitical theories help lead to World War II? Answer: They helped inspire Adolf Hitler to invade neighboring countries.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 13. Explain how states cooperate on nonstate territories 86) The boundaries of a voting district are drawn in order to give a group of voters an unfair advantage. This is ________.

Answer: gerrymandering Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government 87) What is a majority-minority Congressional district?

Answer: It is a district in which the boundaries are drawn to ensure that a minority group on the national level has a majority within that district.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government

25 .

88) Explain the differences between a state, a nation, and a nation-state.

Answer: States or countries are independent political units that claim exclusive jurisdiction over defined territories and over all of the people and activities within them. The governments are not always able to exercise this jurisdiction completely, but states can encourage or even force patterns of human activities to conform to the political map. A state is a territory on a map, but a nation is a people who share a culture and who want to be ruled separately from other peoples. A nation is defined by the people themselves. States rule over everyone in their territory. Therefore, the perfect state was idealized as a nation-state, a state ruling over a territory that contains all the people who are culturally joined as a nation.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Development of the Nation-State Idea Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 1. Relate the importance of culture to the formation of the modern state 89) In what ways are the federal systems of Canada and the United States similar? In what ways are they different?

Answer: Countries in which power is shared with the subunits are called federal governments.

Federal structures have been used to localize governing authority in large countries, such as Canada and the United States. Strong local identities are a reason that some countries' internal units are older than the federal framework, and they participate in the federal system only on the condition that they may retain certain powers, for example, the original 13 United States. Canada was formed in 1867 as a federation of its provinces, which had been settled as English and French colonies. The country is today officially bilingual, although not all Canadians speak both languages. There are also native languages spoken by the indigenous populations of Canada and that are most common in the northern territories. Most of the land area of the United States was once federal territory, but the territories were organized, populated, and eventually admitted into the Union as states. The U.S. government still owns about one-third of the total national land area. The 1976 Federal Land Policy and Management Act requires the federal government to receive full value for any lands traded away, and Congress still wrestles with the question of how the federal government should exploit or preserve its lands. Today some 40% of Canada remains in territorial status.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Geography of Modern States Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the challenges that subdivisions present to governments

26 .

90) Describe the methods employed to forge national identities.

Answer: There are many examples of how governments try to change human activities in their territories such as cultural identities and economic activities, to better "fit" the state. These include: the destruction of traditional loyalties, regional policies, religious assimilation, education, language and media, symbols, and public institutions.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 8. Describe factors that help to unify a country 91) Explain cultural subnationalism and give specific examples.

Answer: Not all states succeed in unifying their people into one nation-state. When a state is split by regional or other allegiances it is experiencing subnationalism. These subnational identifications may be strong enough to foster a separatist movement that seeks to exercise its self-determination and form a new country, often leading to civil war.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 9. Describe factors that can break a country apart 92) The creation of the European Union in 1993 was intended to improve economies through which activities?

Answer: The European Union agreed to eventually create the following: a single market for goods, services, capital, and labor; a single currency and central bank; common and integrated infrastructure systems; regional policy; social policy and environmental policy.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Relations Among States Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 13. Explain how states cooperate on nonstate territories

27 .

93) Discuss three different ways in which the elected institutions of the American federal government deviate from the principle of one person/one vote.

Answer: The U.S. Supreme Court has upheld the principle of one-person/one-vote in all elections. Yet the U.S. federal government itself does not achieve that ideal. Neither the House of Representatives, nor the Senate, nor the mechanism for electing the president is based strictly on a population count. The Constitution specifies that "each State shall have at least one representative." Several states have so few residents that without this constitutional protection, they would have to share a representative. There are 435 seats in the House of Representatives.

Therefore, assigning one representative to each state leaves 385 seats to be allocated among the states by population. Each state is also represented by two senators, no matter how few residents it has. The president, in turn, is elected indirectly in the electoral college, in which each state has as many electors as it has total seats in Congress. The candidate who wins a majority of a state's popular vote wins all of that state's electoral college votes.

Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 13. Human Systems: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 15. Explain the importance of electoral districts to democratic government

28 .

Introduction to Geography, 6e (Dahlman/Renwick) Chapter 12 Economy and Development 1) The value of total outputs of goods and services in a year in a country is its A) level of development.

B) gross domestic product.

C) productivity.

D) value added.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define gross domestic product 2) Gross domestic product A) is 95 percent of the goods produced in a country divided by the population.

B) includes foreign investment.

C) is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country.

D) is a very good indicator of a state's economic level.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define gross domestic product 3) Compared to relatively developed countries, developing countries have a higher percentage of workers in which sector of the economy?

A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define gross domestic product

1 .

4) Tertiary-sector jobs involve the A) the harvesting of agricultural products.

B) extraction of materials from Earth.

C) provision of services.

D) manufacturing of raw materials.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Define gross national product 5) Tertiary-sector employment is increasing in poor countries where A) most people are subsistence farmers.

B) most people are hunter-gatherers.

C) the tertiary sector is well integrated into the world economy.

D) there is an abundance of raw materials.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the factors used to measure human development 6) In terms of the stage of its economic sectoral evolution, the United States is A) post-industrial.

B) extractive.

C) industrial.

D) rapacious.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the factors used to measure human development

2 .

7) A society in which a majority of the workers are engaged in the tertiary sector is said to be a(n) ________ society.

A) pre-industrial B) industrial C) post-industrial D) communist Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the factors used to measure human development 8) An example of the new economy is A) farming.

B) manufacturing.

C) the Internet.

D) retailing.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the factors used to measure human development 9) The key to national wealth is A) having a lot of natural resources.

B) having a large population.

C) being a tourist destination.

D) adding value to raw materials.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the factors used to measure human development

3 .

10) The process of economic development means A) encouraging population growth.

B) progressively increasing the value of goods and service that a place can produce.

C) finding more natural resources.

D) building highways.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the factors used to measure human development 11) A steel manufacturing plant located next to an iron ore deposit is an example of A) material-oriented manufacturing.

B) market-oriented manufacturing.

C) raw material manufacturing.

D) minimal cost-distance manufacturing.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates 12) When a manufacturing facility is located near the market where the products will be sold, it is called A) material-oriented manufacturing.

B) market-oriented manufacturing.

C) raw material manufacturing.

D) minimal cost-distance manufacturing.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates

4 .

13) As manufactured products have become more and more complex, the ________ added by manufacturing has increased.

A) transportation B) cost C) time D) value Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates 14) Which country had the highest total manufacturing value added output in 2011?

A) Japan B) United States C) Germany D) China Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe economic geography 15) Japan's principal asset in promoting development is A) a favorable ratio of population resources.

B) an abundant supply of labor.

C) high physiological density.

D) extensive supplies of critical raw materials.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe economic geography

5 .

16) Japan invests in factories in less developed countries to manufacture items that are low in the value-added scale. These countries include all EXCEPT A) Vietnam.

B) Indonesia.

C) Singapore.

D) Thailand.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe economic geography 17) The most rapidly increasing component of manufactured goods is A) labor.

B) raw materials.

C) technology and capital.

D) advertising.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe economic geography 18) Which of the following is NOT an advantage that poor countries offer to entrepreneurs wanting to build factories?

A) raw materials B) inexpensive labor C) hospitable regulatory environment D) lack of pollution Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates

6 .

19) Over the last forty years, men's dress shirt manufacture for the American market has migrated around the world. The first country to engage in this activity was A) Hong Kong.

B) Taiwan.

C) Japan.

D) Bangladesh.

E) Costa Rica.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe economic geography 20) The study of the principles that a country develops to organize its economic life is known as A) political economy.

B) economic geography.

C) political geography.

D) governing laws.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 21) Which of the following is NOT an example of a positive externality?

A) national security B) education C) food supply D) transportation infrastructure Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe economic geography

7 .

22) The system found in some Asian countries where the government does not own much outright, but it does plan and regulate the economy, is called A) chaebol.

B) positive externalities.

C) negative externalities.

D) state-directed capitalism.

E) dictatorship.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Explain export-oriented trade policies 23) There has been a transportation revolution in the United States called just-in-time manufacturing, which saves all of the following EXCEPT A) transport costs.

B) opportunity costs on inventory.

C) storage costs.

D) natural resources.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 24) In a communist political economy, natural resources and productive enterprises are owned by A) individuals.

B) corporations.

C) the government.

D) foreigners.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography

8 .

25) Laissez-faire capitalism A) maximizes the role of the government in the economy.

B) was adopted by the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War. C) emphasizes the importance of a minimum of restrictions on economic activity.

D) is also known as state-directed capitalism.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 26) A crony is a A) really old person.

B) former elected official.

C) ruling elite.

D) business partner or friend of ruling elites.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 27) Canada's vast northern regions are almost empty of population but are exploited for all of the following EXCEPT A) agriculture.

B) mineral resources.

C) timber resources.

D) hydroelectric power.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 12. Human Systems: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography

9 .

28) In the United States and Canada, which general region has been losing population?

A) the East B) the Pacific Coast C) the central regions D) the South Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 29) Investment in improved transportation and communication systems is usually done with the intent to A) increase economic growth.

B) increase tax revenues.

C) increase transportation costs.

D) increase regional divides.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 30) Infant industries are those that as new industries only manufacture small quantities until they reach the national market and produce a larger quantity. This is called achieving A) economies of scale.

B) success.

C) affordable products.

D) supply and demand.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today

10 .

31) Import-substitution policies' purpose is to A) expand exports.

B) protect domestic infant industries.

C) increase farm output.

D) build schools.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today 32) Export-substitution policies' purpose is to A) expand exports.

B) protect domestic infant industries.

C) increase farm output.

D) build schools.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Explain export-oriented trade policies 33) As a major importer of products from other countries, the United States has A) improved public relations.

B) increased its economic standing with other countries.

C) few domestically manufactured goods.

D) accumulated substantial trade deficits.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Explain export-oriented trade policies

11 .

34) The result of China's policy of moving industry inland between 1949 and 1976 was A) exports increased enormously.

B) exports plummeted.

C) the capital was moved inland.

D) inland areas became rich, while the coast stagnated.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today 35) In 2004, China surpassed ________ as the world's leading exporter of technology and telecommunications goods.

A) the United States B) Japan C) Korea D) India Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today 36) Foreign direct investment means A) that foreigners invest directly in domestic industry.

B) that a government invests in foreign governments.

C) investment in enterprises that are actually operated by a foreign owner.

D) that direct investment in industry is a foreign ideal.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the global economy

12 .

37) Enormous enterprises that own and coordinate production and marketing facilities in several countries are called A) transnational corporations.

B) global corporations.

C) capitalist industries.

D) offshore profit shifting.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 10. Describe the global economy 38) Countries that transnational corporations have invested in and that export globally, even if there is no market for the product within the country, are A) developing countries.

B) more developed countries.

C) export platforms.

D) in violation of international laws.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy 39) A corporation that has established production facilities in other countries primarily to meet the consumption needs of those countries is in this stage of the evolution of a multinational corporation.

A) first B) second C) third D) fourth Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.

Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy

13 .

40) The portion of world trade that is between divisions of the same corporation is A) one half.

B) one third.

C) one quarter.

D) unknown.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy 41) International trade in services A) is less profitable than trade in goods.

B) is more profitable than trade in goods.

C) has not yet become feasible.

D) demonstrates the same trends as trade in goods.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy 42) Most foreign direct investment (FDI) is A) from one rich country to another rich country.

B) from one poor country to another poor country.

C) from one poor country to one rich country.

D) from one rich country to one poor country.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy

14 .

43) The World Trade Organization A) does not count the United States among its members.

B) evolved into GATT. C) can impose trade sanctions on members who misbehave.

D) no longer offers members most favored nation status.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy 44) ________ is one of the most thoroughly globalized forms of trade and also one of the largest markets in the world.

A) Car manufacturing B) Investment banking C) Telecommunications manufacturing D) Legal services Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy 45) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of all goods and services produced within a country.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 1. Define gross domestic product 46) GNI per capita is the only economic indicator needed to determine the level of development of a country.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Define gross national product 15 .

47) Typically, the poor countries in the world today export primarily unprocessed raw materials.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the factors used to measure human development 48) Gross National Income (GNI) is the total income of a country's residents, no matter where it comes from.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Define gross national product 49) The large amount of money that Kuwaitis have invested in other countries has resulted in Kuwait's GNI being less than it GDP. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Define gross national product 50) GNI per capita is a more meaningful measure of development than gross national income.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 2. Define gross national product 51) Societies with the bulk of their employment in the primary sector are called pre-industrial.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the factors used to measure human development 16 .

52) The value added to raw materials in the secondary and tertiary sectors quickly surpasses the value of the original raw materials, whether the raw materials are mineral or agricultural.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates 53) Because poor countries may be dependent on the export of just one or two raw materials, the welfare of their people rises and falls with world prices over which they have no control.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates 54) According to the authors, men's dress shirt manufacture for the American market has remained in the United States.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates 55) In the past, it was a general rule of economic geography that manufacturing located close to sources of raw material.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates

17 .

56) The cost of transporting raw materials in the manufacture of steel is unimportant in considerations of where to locate a steel mill.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates 57) Because of the cost of moving raw materials to manufacturing sites in developed countries, manufacturing is usually located in the countries where the raw materials are found.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates 58) Although isolated from the rest of the developed world by great distances, Japan makes up for this deficiency through an abundance of natural resources.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates 59) Japan's economic success despite its lack of raw materials demonstrates that a place does not have to have its own raw materials in order to accumulate wealth.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates

18 .

60) The set of principles defined by a country to organize its economic life is known as its political economy.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe economic geography 61) The political economy of the United States is based on laissez-faire capitalism.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe economic geography 62) All states occupy and utilize their full territory.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 63) The design of a country's transportation network and the regulation of movement across it have little effect on that country's internal geography.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 64) There is no relationship between transport systems and economic development.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 19 .

65) State-directed capitalism is a system where the government does not own much outright, but it plans and regulates the economy.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe economic geography 66) Variations in regional unemployment provide a measure of labor mobility because workers can normally be expected to move from areas of high unemployment to areas of low unemployment.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 6. Describe economic geography 67) Countries often devise special development programs for poor regions.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 68) If the government of India were to connect every village of more than 500 to an all-weather road, the accessibility provided would allow regional specialization of production and cash cropping.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Explain export-oriented trade policies

20 .

69) Protecting domestic markets and favoring domestic manufacturers is called the importsubstitution method of economic growth.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today 70) The policy of protecting domestic infant industries is referred to as the import-substitution method of economic growth.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today 71) The most prosperous part of China is the interior.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today 72) The export-oriented method of economic growth welcomes foreign investment to manufacture goods for international markets.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today 73) There is a significant income gap between China's coastal provinces and its inland areas.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today 21 .

74) International economic and communication links have fallen behind cultural or political integration.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 8. Explain export-oriented trade policies 75) Multinational corporations challenge individual nations to regulate them or tax them through offshore profit shifting.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy 76) The United States is the world's leading exporter of services in 2013.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy 77) American firms account for a little more than half of all foreign direct investment.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Introductory Geography.

Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy

22 .

78) Left to follow their own interests, economic players have promoted economic development that has raised the standard of living in some once very poor countries.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy 79) Name economic indicators of a country's level of development.

Answer: GNI per capita; percentage primary, secondary, or tertiary sector workers; productivity; production of consumer goods Diff: 1 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 2. Define gross national product 80) What is the principal difference between developing and relatively developed countries with regard to the percentages of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector workers?

Answer: developing country has higher percentage of primary; relatively developed country has higher percentage of secondary and tertiary sector workers Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the factors used to measure human development 81) What factors were considered when Weber developed his models for the location of manufacturing facilities?

Answer: the locations of raw materials, the labor force, the market and transportation costs Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates

23 .

82) Which five considerations must be added to those that Weber considered when determining optimal locations of manufacturing facilities?

Answer: capital, technology, government regulations, political stability and inertia Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the major factors that determine where an industry locates 83) ________ is by some accounts the world's largest industry.

Answer: Tourism Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today 84) What actions can a government take to encourage development into poor regions?

Answer: build government facilities and military bases; offer subsidies, tax waivers, free development sites or loans Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 85) The policy of protecting domestic infant industries is called ________.

Answer: import-substitution Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today

24 .

86) The ________ government that Mao Zedong brought to power in 1949 set out to boost the inland regions by redistributing industry inland.

Answer: Communist Diff: 1 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today 87) What is foreign direct investment?

Answer: Investment in enterprises that are actually operated by a foreign owner.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy 88) Explain the function of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Answer: It investigates trade disputes and punishes countries that violate international agreements.

Diff: 1 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy

25 .

89) Discuss the important differences between pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial societies.

Answer: Societies with the bulk of their employment in the primary sector are called preindustrial societies. Many societies still today are pre-industrial and largely engaged in agriculture. As some countries industrialized, many workers found employment in factories, and the proportion of the labor force employed in the primary sector declined. The proportion of workers in the secondary sector increased until, at no precisely defined point, certain societies came to be called industrial societies, in which most jobs were produced by manufacturing. This continuing evolution of some countries' economies has drawn a higher percentage of workers into the tertiary sector, producing services instead of goods. Sometime in the 1940s, the proportion of tertiary employment first exceeded 50%, and the United States became the world's first post-industrial society.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: Analyzing and Comparing Countries' Economies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 3. Identify the factors used to measure human development 90) Explain the difference between material-oriented and market-oriented manufacturing and provide an example of the products produced by each.

Answer: Material-oriented manufacturing is located close to the source of the raw material for one of two reasons. The first reason is that the raw material is heavy or bulky, and manufacturing reduces that weight or bulk. The second is that some raw materials are perishable and need immediate processing. Examples include: production of steel, and manufacturing cheese from milk.

Market-oriented manufacturing is located close to the market, either because the processing increases the perishability of the product or because the processing adds bulk or weight to the product. Examples include: baking bread, bottling soda.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Geography of Manufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 5. Summarize the recent changes in U.S. manufacturing

26 .

91) Explain why national communication structures are important for economic development.

Answer: The dissemination of information can be as important as the dissemination of goods and materials. The degree to which citizens of a country enjoy access to sources of information can reveal its economic development and political liberty, and it can also promote these two values. The increased intensity of communication accelerates the spread of political and cultural ideas. Access to the Internet is a basic measure of communication infrastructure today. Mobile phones, broadband speed, and personal computer ownership are also meaningful measures of a country's ability to exchange information. Increased access and use of digital communication technology also suggests the increasing importance of new economic activities.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Economic Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 7. Discuss the role of government in a country's economic geography 92) Explain how export-oriented method of economic growth can demonstrate the importance of global interactions.

Answer: Countries that adopt an export-oriented method of foreign investment to build factories that will manufacture goods for international markets. In that way, they can achieve economies of scale immediately. Export-oriented policies rely on global capital markets to facilitate international investment, and they rely on global marketing networks to distribute the products.

Export-led development is usually accompanied by low tariffs and export duties, market-based domestic economic policies, privatization of most economic activity, and general laissez-faire openness to economic innovation. The countries that have grown the fastest in recent decades have generally followed export-oriented programs. The success of these policies demonstrates again how, increasingly, what happens at places is the result of what happens among places.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: National Trade Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 9. Explain why export-oriented trade policies are common today

27 .

93) Explain offshore profit shifting and the United States' stance on the practice.

Answer: Multinational corporations challenge individual nations to regulate them or to tax them through offshore profit shifting, whereby a transnational company has sister companies in different countries to take advantage of different laws and accounting rules. Trade among different divisions of individual corporations today accounts for an estimated one-third of all international trade, and the corporations avoid any country's taxes by allocating investment and profits wherever they wish. By 2007, 28% of all U.S. multinationals' trade in goods occurred among arms of the same companies. The U.S. government takes the position that any company that employs and trains U.S. workers and that adds value in the United States is a U.S. corporation, no matter which flag it flies at its international headquarters or where those headquarters are.

Diff: 2 Topic/Section: The Formation of the Global Economy Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Nat Geo Standard: 11. Human Systems: The patterns and networks of economic independence on Earth's surface Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing.

Learning Outcome: 11. List economic activities that form part of the global economy

28 .