projections
côté
Nord
STUDIO FACULTY TEAM
STUDIO PARTICIPANTS
GUEST CRITICS
Viviana d’Auria
Marlies Aerts
Luce Beeckmans (UGent)
Racha Daher
Anshu Ahuja
Koen Berghmans
Bruno De Meulder
Maher Nimer Alabed
Marie-Anais Bluteau (Up 4 North)
Mahmoud Alsalti
Oana Bogdan (Bogdan & Van Broeck)
PUBLICATION EDITORS
Wossen Gebreyohannes Balcha
Benoit Burquel (Real Estate Architecture)
Racha Daher
Xavier Ordóñez Carpio
Marine Declève (Metrolab)
Viviana d’Auria
Wendy Elizabeth Chavez Paez
Loubna Ebrahmi (Maison des Citoyens)
Manola Colabianchi
Hala El Moussawi (VUB – Migration Expert)
MORE INFO ?
Nathan De Feyter
Luis Angel Flores Hernandez (OSA – KUL)
MAHS / MAUSP / EMU Master Programs
Aikaterini Sofia Eleftheriou
Sotiria Kornaropoulou (51N4E)
Department ASRO, KU Leuven Kasteelpark
Brenda Grace Njoki Kamande
Julie Marin (OSA – KUL)
Arenberg 1, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
Amina Kaskar
Stephanie Marques (Platforme des Citoyens)
Tel: + 32(0)16 321 391
Mathias Lamberts
Jeanne Mosseray (VUB / KUL)
Email: info@mahsmausp.be
Lucas Lerchs
Marianita Palumbo (ENSASE)
Yu-Hsin Liu
Petra Pferdmenges (Alive Architecture)
Shauni Marchand
Eliana Rosa de Queiroz Barbosa (OSA – KUL)
Clara Medina García
Elisabetta Cinzia Rosa (UCL)
Olivia Missiaen
Kelly Shannon (KUL)
Thi Thuy Nguyen
Nadia Somekh (Mackenzie University)
Nadia Nusrat
Jeroen Stevens (OSA – KUL)
Kofoworola Modupe Osunkoya
Min Tang (OSA – KUL)
Angelica Palumbo
Ward Verbakel (Plus Office)
Hongxia Pu
Els Vervloesem (AWB)
Fareeha Sheikh
Laura Vescina (BUUR)
© Copyright by KU Leuven Without written permission of the promotors and the authors it is forbidden to reproduce or adapt in any form or by any means any part of this publication. Requests for obtaining the right to reproduce or utilize parts of this publication should be addressed to KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering – Kasteelpark Arenberg 1, B-3001 Heverlee (België). Telefoon +32-16-32 13 50 & Fax. +32-16-32 19 88. A written permission of the promotor is also required to use the methods, products, schematics and programs described in this work for industrial or commercial use, and for submitting this publication in scientific contests. All images in this booklet are, unless credits are given, made or drawn by the authors (North Side Stories, Concepts and Analysis, Fall 2017 Studio).
Maria Skordouli Yuying Sun
SPECIAL THANKS
Mara Tomulescu
Kristiaan Borret (Brussels Bouwmeester)
Georgina Nathalena Jeanetta ‘Jani’ Truter
The Living Lab at the WTC24
Marrije Van den Eynde
Tine Van Herck (KUL)
Sarah Van de Velde
Violette Baudet (KUL)
Maarten Van Hulle
Jeroen Stevens (OSA-KUL)
Yuxi Wu
Stéphane Arcens (Maison des Citoyens)
Mariia Zakharova
Loubna Ebrahmi (Maison des Citoyens) Hala El Moussawi (VUB – Migration Expert)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank: - The Brussels Bouwmeester Kristiaan Borret for attending, sharing his thoughts with us and engaging in discussion. - The Living Lab at the World Trade Center for allowing us to be part of the experimental space WTC24, where we occupied a vacant floor and shared it with 7 other architecture studios. We would like to also thank all the coordinators of the space for the organization that went into it. - Tine Van Herck and Violette Baudet from the Department of Architecture at St. Lucas for the fruitful workshops we had together, where our students and theirs had a chance to collaborate and exchange ideas. - Jeroen Stevens for his support throughout the semester. - All the guest critics and invited presenters who took time out of their schedules to share their knowledge with us. - The participants for their hard work and progress throughout the semester.
1
North Side Stories Brussels Viviana d’Auria, Racha Daher, and Bruno De Meulder Fall 2017 - Master of Human Settlements, Master of Urbanism and Strategic Planning, KU Leuven
2
Introduction 3
The upstream Zenne floodplain has had, from inception, quite a turbulent development history. This might have to do with its inherent contradictory spatial characteristics. It was originally an unsuitable swampy soil that nonetheless accommodated the busy connection to the seaport of Antwerp. Ultimately, Brussels originated on the site where the navigability of the Zenne ends, where water and road transport alternate. It became a place of trans-shipping with all that this entails and generates in its slipstream: port, quays, trading houses, workers’ accommodation, and industries. For the hours when industry and trade ceases in the night, recreation begins, among which the red lights take over. The historic city of Brussels that forms the shape of a pentagon, historically a walled city, is partially (its western half) located in this floodplain running North-South. This forms the larger landscape morphology, that makes up the valley where the watershed of the Zenne River lies. As the river became insufficient for economic purposes, and as transport modi modernized and changed based on the rhythm of technological innovation, the upstream floodplain was continuously reshuffled by infrastructural upgrades and shifts: river transport was transferred to a canal (by the late middle ages), the canal extended and then brought in competition with railways and its apparatus of yards, rankings, stations and the like. The railway in turn was challenged by a widened sea channel and deep sea docks, quays, warehouses and customs installations. Electrification of railways just preceded the generalized use of cars and trucks, while boulevards turned into urban motorways, that doubled with viaducts to increase economic efficiency, further expanding the city. Throughout this process of infrastructural sequencing, all sharing the North-South axis and competing in function, the river is further covered for insalubrious reasons, erasing a major morphological identity of the city. The North Quarter serves as a confluence where all these infrastructures, or their remnants, co-exist. The historic city today also has what looks like a strange ‘appendix’ on its northern edge; this appendix is the North Quarter. Throughout the last century, the quarter has been marked by disease, disrepair, decay, and societal destitution. Today the area also falls within what is known in Brussels as the “Croissant Pauvre” or the Crescent of Poverty, as unemployment rates are among the highest in Brussels. The area is also marked by incompleteness and visions that never came to fruition. The most prominent vision, and perhaps the most detrimental, took place in the mid-20th century, when 53 Ha of urban fabric were razed to make way for Manhattan-style new economic and commercial development in the name of progress and prosperity (this project began after a failed project that expanded the port to make way for international ships that never ended up coming). Squeezed between the canal and the rail line, and marked by the World Trade Center, the ‘Manhattan Plan’ was a development intended to create a world-class economic hub and attract international business. The tabula rasa project never reached the over-estimated potential it had planned for, was never completed, and instead created a quarter full of vast land and vacant buildings. It resulted in mass
expulsion of local residents, and an erasure of the layers that formed the identity of the place over time. The failed implementation of the Manhattan plan, a Modernist project that has been aborted since its start, is so prominent, it seemingly creates a false sense of what the area is about. This strong identity of incompleteness and vastness is also its pitfall, as it makes it seem simple to understand if one is unaware of the histories and complexities that have taken place here over time. It is an area where clichéd views and stereotypes are easily formed. The North Station, a mediocre building that serves as a major transit hub is arguably one of the landmarks of the North Quarter, and also has a history of visions. The original 19th century building that sat at Place Rogier, had replaced the first rail station in Brussels. It was then demolished to make way for the current building in a new location nearby. The current station was part of a vision to link the North and South of Brussels through a rail line cutting through the pentagon. The North Station serves as multi-modal transit connections in the form of local metro, rail and tram, as well as buses that link to other parts of Europe. The quarter, is an area full of contradiction and discrepancy. To one side of the station, where the Manhattan plan was implemented, the area is mono-functional in its use for commercial activity, and lacks soul. The human factor is greatly missing, despite the tremendous number of people flowing through the station and into the quarter on a daily basis. It is a place of passage. To the other side of the North Station, where the original urban fabric still exists, the area is home to an ethnically diverse community of low-cost commercial activity that runs along the Rue Brabant, creating an active street scene. Parallel to this shopping street just across the station’s ‘backside’ is Rue d’Aerschot, home to Brussels’ Red Light District where legal prostitution is displayed on street level window panes. Perpendicular to the station, the area is home to Maximilian Park, which in recent years has become synonymous with the refugee crisis in Brussels, as thousands of refugees camped there for months before the European Union could take action. The area was occupied by asylum seekers that found their way into Brussels, as they awaited registration and allocation. A recent wave of newly displaced people from Africa, now also occupy the park in a more dispersed and less organized fashion than that of a few years ago. The nature of this group is rather different than the last wave of Syrian refugees. This group is in transit, and hopes to make it to the United Kingdom, to file for asylum there. The area is also a very important location for demonstration and contestation, and acts as a host site for groups to voice their strikes. The space in front of the station has served as a starting point for many organized protests in recent history and continues to do so. The area is so over defined by difference and contradiction, it becomes an area so in-determined, creating an absolute vagueness about it. It is so contested, that no one is interested in it. Its lack of permanent occupation, thanks to speculation and to expulsion, causes the place to be occupied by those with weak legitimacy. It
is visible, and not visible, it has a double-narrative to it. It can be for all those who are close by but separated. From a landscape point of view, it is the lowland. In recent years, there has been a new wave of visions and speculation being undertaken by real estate developers looking to capitalize on the location of the area near the canal. There have been numerous newspaper articles suggesting a project to upgrade the bus stops at the North Station, to an international bus terminal, providing necessary spaces and facilities for passengers and staff alike. The area is currently undergoing revitalization under two separate ‘Contrats des Rénovations Urbaines’ titled: “Citroen-Vergote” and “Botanique-Jonction-Nord”. Many developments are being invested in, in the area: the Canal, Bruxelles Docks, the Tour et Taxis, and the Pompidou Museum are some of the notable projects taking place. As you can see, the site area is studded with layers and layers of urban, spatial, social, and economic issues, that this studio has been exploring throughout the semester. Studio Methodology During this Fall 2017 urban design studio, the participants have explored Concepts and Analysis in Urban Design, using the North Quarter area as a site of interest and study. They began by delving into analyzing, understanding, interpreting and reinterpreting findings from and about the site area, and the complex issues that manifest themselves in it, to diagnose needs and create new sets of knowledge. The studio analyzed watermarks and infrastructures, landscape and its elements, mobility and connectivity flows, ecologies of use and occupation, urban vacancies, density, and migration, housing, fabrics, tissues and typologies, needs and desires, imaginaries and discourses, as well as, economic activities and local stakeholders, among others. The acquired knowledge was used to design spatial strategies in the form of projects that respond to the issues and needs discovered. Collaboration The studio collaborated with a parallel studio from the St. Lucas Campus in Ghent, in two main instances: the first was through a two-day workshop where they worked together to produce on-site installations that addressed specific needs uncovered; the second was through a one-day workshop where the participants played roles as stakeholders to put themselves in their positions, and negotiate incentives. WTC 24 The studio was part of the Living Lab initiative, in which several studios from KU Leuven occupied and shared a vacant working space on the 24th floor of the World Trade Center building in the North Quarter.
4
Projections
Projects: 1. Metropolitan Quarter of Arrival 2. Infrastructure of Inclusion 3. Mismatch - Mixmatch 4. Ground Zero
5
Theme 1 Arrival and Reception 6
Brussels North is a place of ultra-mobility, and is one of the most distinguishable places of arrival in the city. The North Station plays an important role in this discourse of arrival and positions itself within the narrative of refugee and immigrant arrival. Newcomers entering the city encounter various degrees of arrival for different durations of stay, from first arriving at the station and trying to orientate oneself, to then gradually working toward more extensive arrival procedures and infrastructures which are distributed around the city and that assist with civil and social naturalization.
Many mismatches exist in the way in which people are received at the station. There is no metropolitan gesture of reception upon arrival. Our project proposes a new ‘Metropolitan Quarter of Arrival’ that integrates the dense mix of multiple mobility flows, with the social organization of various platforms and associations. The new station quarter is a common ground for all the aspirations of all newcomers, and provides a welcoming ethos to all.
Metropolitan Quarter of Arrival
Facilitating mobility and social infrastructure within the Brussels North Station Amina Kaskar, Yu-Hsin Liu and Maarten Van Hulle
18.710 Assylum seekers
340.000 commuters/day
Brussels Arrival city
40.066 international immigrants
3.000.000 business & tourist arrivals
7.374
participatns in citizen integration programs
Figures for 2016, sources: BISA, VISIT.BRUSSELS, CGVS/CGRA, ACTIRIS
BRUSSELS NORTH STATION ARRIVAL SINCE 1952
Figures for 2016, sources: BISA, VISIT.BRUSSELS, CGVS/CGRA, ACTIRIS
Social spatial mismatches of arrival infrastructure in the Brussels North Quarter.
Vacant office floors are scattered around over the north quarter. This vacancy contrasts with the many expressions of unfacilitated arrival in the quarter. Open social spaces are scarce in a neighbourhood with a lot of street life and commercial acitivities. On the contrary, open and green public spaces are abundant on ‘the other side’ of the railway tracks.
Transit also means waiting. The benches that are provided on the public squares are unable to facilitate the many people waiting for transit.
On-ground services are provided by voluntary associations in spaces that are claimed by those waiting for transit. These organizations are there to provide aid for the arrival that is not facilitated for.
Associations are given vacant spaces in the rue Frontispice to organize a ‘reception and oriention centre for transit migrants’. However, this facility is rather detached from the sites where aid is needed and where necesarry interventions are taking place.
The access to information is not in proportion to the amount and diversity of arrival that is coming through the north district. Besides, reception and information desks are spatially detached from those sites where people actually need them.
The fundamental contrast between the station’s back & frontside is defining a completely different accessibility of transportion modes. Coming from the Brabant neighbourhood, one has to cross the station and the CCN building on the first floor level before arriving at the bus or tram platform.
N
7
Mapping arrival infrastructures reveals the particular features of the Brussels arrival city. It shows how the arrival city is a city within a city. Arrival infrastructures are concentrating in neighborhoods where immigrants look for opportunities and social networks to start integrating in the city. Therefore the arrival city also is a network of immigrants or newcomers. The arrival city is not only self-built by generations of newcomers, but is also facilitated by governmental and non-governmental organizations. These institutions have established themselves close to arrival neighborhoods to provide administrative assistance, language courses and so forth. Statements on “the arrival city is …” taken from the publication “Making Heimat: Germany, Arrival country” accompanying the exhibition in the German Pavilion at the 2015 Venice Architecture Biennale.
1
1 BXL Refugee
2
2 GAMS Belgique asbl
3 BON Onthaal burea
3 4
4 Intact
5
5 Minderhedenforum vzw
6 Maximilian Park
6 7
7 Commissioner General 8
10
9
8 VIA asbl 9 Islamic relief 10 VIA asbl
11 European network of migrant women 11
12 Humanitarian Hub 13 Atmospheres
13
12 14
14 Startpunt 15 Islamic fed
15
16
16 Fedasil Centre Brussels
17
18
17 Rode Kruis Centre Brussels - Foyer Selah 18 Samenlevingsopbouw (Riso) 19 EYAD Asbl
19 21
20 V VLANDEREN 21 BON
20 22
22 Shower Douche
23 Sampa
24
23
24 Welcome home (women) 25 Arab women solidarity
25
26 BAPA BXL
26 27
29 28 32
33
31
30
34
35
36
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Rode Kruis Centre Brussels - De Foyer Maison de la Solidaite La Voix des femmes Arab Cultural Centre Music Acadmy Asbl Africalia Vzw European Council on Refugees and exiles Welcome home (women) Fedasil Headquarters - recieving refugees ASBL Cohesion
36 Welcome home
37 AMIRA
37
38 39
38 Red Cross
39 Huis van het neder 40 Welcome home
40
41 Refugees go talent
41
42 International organisation for migration
42
43 Duo for a job
43
44 No Peace without justice 44 45 Duo for a job 45 46
46 Siham
47 Duo for a job
47 48
48 Convergence
49 Belgian Refugee Council
49
N 50
Train stations
50 Convival
Tourist
Railway
Organizations
Metro
Ethnic shops
Trams
Mosques and churches
8
There is a disconnect between the overall arrival infrastructure within Brussels as a whole, and those within the North Quarter. It is evident that a large proportion of the arrival in the North Quarter is unfacilitated; it is either completely absent or inefficient to sustain the large flow of people entering through the North Station.
Ambition 1
Ambition 2
All mobility flows are positioned equally within the North Quarter
The North Quarter is a metropolitan node in the overall arrival network
Groningen
Enschede
Hamburg
Bremen Hannover
Amsterdam
Den Haag
London
Braunschweig
Munster
Berlin
Dortmund Bochum
Rotterdam
E ssen
Arnhem
Duisburg
Aachen
Dusseldorf Cologne
Maastricht Lille
Bonn
Frankfurt
luxembourg
Stuttgart
Metz
Prague
Ulm Paris
Augsburg
Strasbourg
Basel
Munich
Zurich
Vienna
Bratislava
Geneva Lyon Milan
Porto
Barcelona Lisbon
North-South section through CCN building showing how the mobility flows and arrival program are conneting through the ground floor.
transantiago
9
transantiago
1.
the arrival city is connecting scales
the arrival city is visible & accessible
the arrival city is the city
Networks of arrival infrastructure are expanding over the entire city and exist on various scales; ethnic networks, municipal associations, federalized administrations, ... These various levels of networks and organizations can be connected to create a comfortable arrival experience for newcomers.
Sign-posting and digital applications makes arrival more visible and accessible for newcomers. Services of information and assistance are positioned close to mobility hubs, which are the initial arrival places for newcomers. This will make it easier vulnerable groups to integrate in the city.
Designing for arrival is an important aspect of city-making and encourages design that integrates the aspirations of different groups.
Common spaces for shared arrival program
5. Activating edges that 2.
Decentralizing mobility systems & integrating them within the city grid 3. Enabling isotropic movements
compliment the scale of the urban fabric
4. Creating a continous
ground floor that crosses boundaries
10
MARKET
REGISTRATION OFFICE TRAM STATION
EATERY PUBLIC BIKE SPOT
SOUTH STATION TERRACE WITH PROPOSED NEW LOCAL BUS STATION BELOW
11
ROW OF SHOPS TOWARDS THE BACK OF THE STATION FACING RUE D’AERSCHOT
TRAM TO THE AIRPORT
BIKE PARKING
INTERNATIONAL BUS STATION
INFO DESK
TICKET OFFICE
TRAM STATION
BRIDGE OF THE OLD STATION HALL
MEDICAL SERVICES LANGUAGE COURSE
CAFE
LOCAL BUS STATION
LOCAL BUS STATION
0
PROPOSED SCHEME FOR THE BRUSSELS NORTH STATION
5
50
20 10
NN
30
N 0
5
20 10
50 30
Section through the railway showing the proposed open ground floor plaza with direct access to the railway platforms.
12
Many common services are provided by different organizations for newcomers in the city such as language courses, administrative assistance, cultural activities, ... Organizations are seeking space in the city to facilitate newcomers, shared spaces provide an efficient solution for these organizations to share common services. The north station facilitates the space for common and city-scale arrival infrastructure. Throughout the station language classes, information desks and event spaces are shared by different organizations. Because of this associations are brought closer to newcomers.
CONNECTION OF THE GROUND FLOOR PLAZA TO THE FOYER OF THE WTC TOWER
CONNECTION OF THE GROUND FLOOR PLAZA TO ADJACENT BUILDINGS
LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE ADVICE DESK
LANGUAGE CLASSROOM
BXLrefugees
CIRÉ
Startpunt Vluchtelingenwerk
BAPA BXL (Walloon Region) BON (Flemish Region) l’école Maximilien CIRÉ
Citoyens Solidaires
13
creating a culture of welcome
FLUIDITY OF THE GROUND FLOOR TO FIRST FLOOR PUBLIC SOCIAL SERVICES
INTERNATIONAL BUS STATION ON THE GROUND FLOOR PLAZA
INFO DESK FOR CITIZEN INTEGRATION PROGRAMS
BAPA BXL (Walloon Region) BON (Flemish Region) VIA asbl
Visual representation of the proposed front and back of the new metropolitan North station
Section through the existing Simon Bolivar Boulevard showing the synthesis of mobility flows and the facilitation of social arrival infrastructures.
14
The North Quarter is a space where the disadvantaged - homeless, prostitutes, refugees, undocumented, etc. - find their spot. In their presence, they show the reality of what the cosmopolitan looks like. We believe that this reality has not been catered for, in a way that includes them. The infrastructure and services they need are available, but are forced to the margins. Spatial qualities are lacking, and it becomes a matter of fighting over centimeters. A clash that seems unnecessary in an environment that has an abundance of open space and vacant buildings.
This design is a call for a new centralized organization to elevate this infrastructure to the scale that it needs and deserves. The proposed infrastructure of inclusion wants to establish the fragmented public space close to the station as one clear urban figure. A car-free zone that is defined by a bus station for arrival in the center of the urban figure, that communicates with a bigger humanitarian hub. The infrastructure serves a broad audience, but in its ambition to be truly inclusive, its conception starts from the weakest of claims.
Infrastructure of Inclusion
A new boulevard for Brussels North
Maher Al Alabed, Nathan De Feyter, Marrije Vanden Eynde
WASTED WEALTH Boudewijn building 42 726 m²
North Plaza 11 960 m²
WTC II 34 200 m² Zenith building 2 700 m²
Phoenix 19 516 m² Sheraton 52 140 m²
Victoria Regina 25 090 m²
SCATTERED SOCIAL SERVICES ABC Centre art school Children Network against poverty Flemish centre for drug use St Rochus church (sleep) Community centre OCMW Le Soleil de Nord (social) Police station Interface 3 (work) Latitude Nord Urban prevention ELAN (food) Foyer vzw (food) Women residence Refugee work Flanders Médimmigrant Social cohesion QN Bravvo (social) Poverello (food) Fedasil Street workers
CRAMPED CENTRALITY HUMANITARIAN HUB Ciré (juridical advice) Civilian platform Oxfam clothing service Doctors of the world Doctors without borders Red cross Refugee work Flanders
BUS STATION
Scale 1 : 5000
15
Bus companies ABC car Busabout DB Bus Eurolines Flixbus Keolis Megabus Oui bus W bus ... School busses Tour busses
THE BOULEVARD OFFERS A CAR- FREE PASSAGE FOR PEDESTRIAN, BIKE AND BUS
THE SPACE DETERMINED BY THE EDGES FORMS A CLEAR URBAN FIGURE A NEW BOULEVARD FOR BRUSSELS
UNTERRITORIALIZED, OVERDIMENSIONED SPACE OFFERS PLACE FOR CHANGE
A CONNECTION TO THE TWO MAIN DEVELOPING AXES IS MADE
Development along the canal Up site
Cultural development Citroen building
T&T
Centre creation Rogier square
T&T
Economic development Tour & Taxis
STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS AMBITION A MONUMENTALITY FOR THE INVISIBLE SERVICES
Bus station
Humanitairian hub
16
BUS STATION
KIOSK
A transport-related architectural object is brought into the urban environment to structure the service network. It offers information and ticketing but also acts as a reception infrastructure.
The kiosk provides sports equipment for all to serve the Gaucheret park and the new green space that runs all the way to the Maximilian Park.
PUBLIC TOILET Free public toilets are installed as part of the boulevards as small catalysts.
PLAZA New public spaces act as gateways to underused land that is expected to re-enter the marketspace. The design of the public space should steer the development and not vice versa.
17
WATERSQUARE The inclusion of water drainage in the development of public spaces is made visible through this water square.
Three scales of inclusive infrastructure WIFI Since internet is almost a basic human right, wifi for all is becomes part of an inclusive space.
The small scale consists of little catalysts, the medium of pockets and plazas, and the large scale is a general system of hubs. All of them have the ambition to work on the three scales of the North Quarter: the neighborhood, the urban and the metropolitan scales.
ENTRANCE CANOPY The start of the boulevard is indicated by a structure that offers accomodation for a market. It goes in dialogue with the Rogier Square and the canopy at the station.
HUMANITARIAN HUB In the vacant North Plaza, the scattered working of the current social services is centralized to realize the ambition put up by the different NGOs in the current hub. Investing in night shelter here, close to the source, is a counter-proposal to the move to Haren.
BIKE PARKING Existing sheltered bike parkings are part of a system of exclusion due to a membership fee. New accessible inclusive bike parkings are needed.
POCKETS A car-free zone allows the side streets to become more quiet pockets that form horizontal connections to the big metropolitan boulevard. They differ from character according to what they connect.
18
Nature grid between the ‘mastodon’ structures A grid is set up with three different types of trees, each one with its own height. They create different spaces underneath their canopy and make routes through the grid.
19
Winteroak max 40 m
Black alder max 30 m
Silver birch max 25 m
20m
20
The gap identified in the center of the neighborhood is related to several mismatches in the performance and definition of the North Quarter in the city scale as well as the physical and the social realms. These circumstances leave an interstice of non-reclaimed public space that allows for new things to happen already. North-South connections and networks are working engaging long-term users, while temporary users inhabit the perpendicular flow independently. The activity in this interstice spills over from the Station, spiced by the civic and cultural movements.
This proposal researches on public space as a reception infrastructure for transit users in the interstice that can host what cannot find a place elsewhere in the city. The aim is to articulate transverse connections enhancing networks going on from the temporal spatial perspective to mixmatch users and activity. The physical layer (topography and equipment) is redefined to enhance dualities, while the social layer is enhanced with the development of information and interaction tools to visualize and boost already existing social networks.
Mismatch - Mixmatch Reception Infrastructure in the NQ interstice Clara Medina García, Thuy Nguyen, Wossen G Yohannes
CITY SCALE ANALYSIS | The role of the NQ in Brussels
BUILDING PERIPHERIES SMALL RESIDENTIAL TISSUE
PREDOMINANTLY INDUSTRIAL AREA
MIXED BLOCKS
NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE | Planning and Flows PLANNING AGENDAS
Multi-property detached buildings Inner activity opens & occupies street
HIGH DENSITY MIXED USE AREA
PREDOMINANTLY BUSSINES AND INTERNATIONAL
A. ROUNDABOUT EFFECT ANALYSIS
SOCIAL HOUSING TOWERS
PREDOMINANTLY INDUSTRIAL EXTENSION
THE GAP | ROUNDABOUT EFFECT
Significant accessways Main investment area Extension investment area Area of regional interest
ANTWERP
Platform ignores peripheries Communal vegetable gardens
SYNTHESIS MISMATCH MAP Private green Public green Residential Business activity Public institutions HQ Corporate HQ Empty plots Major axis of movement Canal Canal plan plot
MANHATTAN PLAN TOWERS Opaque Services and shop platform Transparent towers on top
Canal plan project Spill over area
GHENT
LIÈGE
B. ROUNDABOUT EFFECT ENHANCEMENT
ANTWERP
terstice
NEW SPACE NORD TOWERS
o
Transparent yet unreachable towers Garden elements overflowing
GHENT
LIÈGE
NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE ANALYSIS LEYEND Proposed car access Proposed bus access to the station Cultural movements places
21
Discouraged car route Existing car access North Station spillover
USERS AND TIME permanent users
transit users
PERMANENT RESIDENTS
NGOS & CIVIC ASSOCIATIONS
OCASIONAL VISITORS & TOURISTS
TRANSIT TRAVELLERS
ASYLUM SEEKERS OUTSIDE BELGIUM
INFORMAL WORKERS/DWELLERS
REGULAR COMMUTERS
LOCAL BUSINESSPEOPLE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
forest
tunnel shadow
express hide
light
+
mound
borders
+
screen
meet green
observe
+
discuss
join
play
show
light
provissions
van
play
+
toilets
+
line up
forest
gather
+
stand sit
play
luggage
share
shelter
outdoor
find
equipment
walk
+
shortcut
together
wifi
cover
corners
shelter
+ temporal structures
corners
sleep
border
niche
tree
picnic
private
+
+
shadow
rest
load
step
dark
+
green
doctor
coffee
+
+ +
step work
wait
+
sit
covered
+ +
+
mirror
step
soup
gather produce
column
wind pic nic
single wait
sleep
+
shelter
movable
share
meet
wait
take away post
niche
volunteer
work
temporal
climb
screen
regard
hide
share
group
sit
wifi
wall
+ +
discover
straight
read
stare
group wait
wildlife
shadow
flow
+
shade
grass
commute
fast
+
group
steps
overlook
+
shadow
green
hidden
+
rest
COMPANIES OWNING & RENTING TOWERS
+ + + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+ 10m
50m
100m
22
23
24
covered meeting spaces [ DEVELOPING]
cascading terraces [ JOIN IN]
outdoor working spaces [ DEVELOPING]
wtc tower backdoor to viewpoint [ DISCOVER]
wtc tower backdoor to rental spaces [ DEVELOPING]
outdoor theatre [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
MEETING AREA [ GROUPING]
outdoor hallway [ STATION SPILLOVER]
tranquil MEETING AREA [ GROUPING]
path for service access [ SERVICE]
station shortcut [ STATION STRUCTURE]
covered waiting AREA [ STATION SPILLOVER]
exposed waiting area [ STATION SPILLOVER]
bus info office with business centre [ STATION SPILLOVER]
international bus terminal [ STATION STRUCTURING]
drivers rest area & service lane [ STATION STRUCTURE]
5.0
104.0
-3.0
8.5
19.5
37.0
7.0
18.0
11.5
+0.0
11.0
84.0
+0.0
67.0
[ JOIN IN]
reaching the park
waiting area
[ CHAT]
amphitheatre
[ FIND OUT]
+
vibrant outdoor waiting
2.0
+
+
[ STATION SPILLOVER]
station core [ STATION STRUCTURE]
lookout tribune
2.0
+ +
[ STATION STRUCTURE]
waiting for pickup
2.0
3.0
+ +
[ STATION STRUCTURE]
2.0
-0.0
+
+
+ +
+ +
+
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + +
events stage area [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
kiss & ride
[ STATION STRUCTURE]
open air amphitheatre [ STATION STRUCTURE]
covered playground [ STATION SPILLOVER]
25
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ +
+ + +
DE MEETING | CHAT ARRIVAL | FIND
+ +
+
canal viewpoint
[ DISCOVER]
canal stage [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
canal audience area [ JOIN IN]
+4 .00
[ TRANSCEND BORDERS]
canal bay
+
[ FEEL BETTER]
looking back from park platform
100m
50m
10m
covered trading platforms [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
park maintenance - garden workshop [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
round niches [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
+
+ +
+ +
+
+
fragmented activity park [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
exterior school playground [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
provision street [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
events arena [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
grass audience area [ FEEL BETTER]
outdoor playground [ JOIN IN]
lookout platform [ STATION SPILLOVER]
covered amphitheare [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
the forest [ FEEL BETTER]
park backstage services [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]
10.0
+3.50
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
TRADE | TRANSCEND BORDERS CELEBRATING | FEEL BETTER VELOPING | JOIN IN
+
+
26
In the past, the city sacrificed Brussels’ North Quarter inhabitants to serve a metropolitan project. Decade after decade, this strategic enclave has become a land divided between countless administrative entities. The North Quarter is nowadays an ambiguous place where governances overlap; a land of borders defining a no man’s land, and an incoherence making room for interpretation. Inhabited by many vacant buildings and a sociospatially isolated population, the North Quarter is at a momentum for fundamental changes.
Ground Zero
Deforming Existence
Lucas Lerchs, Shauni Marchand, Mara Tomulescu
Socio-spatial analysis
27
Developing local strengths, playing with legal frameworks, and revealing spatial qualities of the area, Ground Zero is a project that redefines the quarter as a ‘special zone’ for experimentation, where administrative laws are lifted to allow special things to happen. Acting through a deconstruction process, the project aims to unfold elements that today compose a barrier. The project is a radical approach that has the advantage of offering a new perspective to actors at all levels of power, and creating unexpected coalitions, to offer the North Quarter its retribution from the injustice it has endured.
local economy existing cultural centers temporary empty buildings empty buildings empty ground floor sterile public space sterile streets
Opportunities analysis
28
3.3.1
Art. 1
H2, Art. 15, §1
Stimulation to or- For empty and / use ness
premises,
AGION, D2.5
Every public real Anyone who [...] ‘Broadening’
ganizers to make or neglected busi- estate temporarily
PC - Art. 442/1
manag- in whatever way quires
OR.C.A
VCRO, Art. 2, §1
doned
multifunc- can only be em-
er and every so- invades, occupies tionality / flexibili- ployed
when
from cy have a public being the owner through the well- necessary
buildings, the calendar year management right or having a title thought-out
squares, ...) from following the third to
the
both economic, so- consecutive
properties:
reg-
istration in the In-
cio-cultural and
following or right, anothers’
clus-
quired if the main of a license, bans ing,
in function of a built-
of
1 ° dwellings that appartment, room, shared or
docu-
ments:
property
on the
use
changed in whole 1. singing, instru- er nature, the au-
competent author-
sisting of emergen-
and / or versions;
cy shelters, if:
2. the use of loud-
of - a valid work permit
performances
1°
have not been oc- of it or any oth- spaces. This allows
of asylum seekers, es that are sound
made with a tem-
cupied for more er
homeless
porary alternative
than twelve con- space or others’ be used more in-
or citizens whose
secutive months in movable
homes are unin- 3.
uninhabited existing spaces to
set up. The place
accordance
is then temporarily
their intended use not could serve as
with ty that whether or and after ‘normal’
as a dwelling.
managed by the
during
market
or
other
commercial
cumstances
punished [...]
space is in need of
ing to a certain procedure.
producing
or reproducing; parades
and
fairground music;
2° unforeseen cir- 4.
a residence, will be
organizer.
people waves
habitable;
hours.
the public space.
concerns speakers, amplifi-
it
periments can be
proper- tensively,
public
ity is required in a permit accord-
grouped reception ers or other devic-
destination
demonstra- peddling,
activity, of whatev-
takably vacant or a p p u r t e n a n c e s tifunctional use of
point of view. Ex-
Every activity of
or part [...] to a mental or musical thorization of the activity in public
permit
an spaces or the mul-
VIII. Art 129
tion, procession or market, fare, flea
public space:
is
differ- - a valid residence main function con-
unihabited house, ent functions, the
p a r t i c i p a t o r y ventory, being the have been unmis- residence tax year.
tering
IV. Art. 43
re- A foreign worker A permit is not re- With the exception For every gather-
of obsolete places an annual tax is cial rental agen- or stays, without ty. This is possible possesion of the up (wasteland, aban- introduced
III, Art. 33, §1
other
perfor-
give mances or activiFerme des Boues
rise to urgent re- ties of artistic, divception needs;
inatory or esoteric
3° reception is nec-
nature.
essary for humanitarian reasons;
AKSENT vzw Merchants Rue du Brabants
EVA vzw
4° reception is tem-
Immigration Office
porary for a maximum
Brussels Design Market Urban Mining Tour & Taxis
period
three years.
Renovas
of CPAS
Police Pole Nord
Vacant building owners
Politicans Maison de Quartier
3 Municipalities
City of Brussels Communa
FADA (Femme d’action, Diversité d’action)
Soleil du Nord
Canteen Vlaamse Overheid
Industries
ABC Art Center Samu Social
e
European Union
Prostitute syndicat New inhabitants (upper class)
ERU asbl Local universities
Platform Citoyenne
Inhabitants
Boatman community
JST (Jeunes Schaarbeekois au Travail)
Federal Government Local architects
b c
emphasis - 2. Layer of deformation - 3. Layer of actor coalitions
a
Environmental diversity & productive infrastructures
new implementation
Economical & personal development
29
suspension
Regularisation process
1. Layer of law
Qualitative environment
Destigmatizaiton & iconic culture
C O N C E P T
VCRO, H7, Art. 7.3
GRAU
TIOD
An environmental The challenge is to Temporary permit
filling Combined
T.VI, H2, Art. 4§1 PV 33, H1, Art. 9
opera-
carried out for the Making
essary for a tem- healthy change by
cuts
in parking
places
prohibited area; 3 ° on trees;
licity:
III. Art. 9
H2, Art. 2
preju- The price of the For every tempo-
people
tations
City;
metre per day. The space
or
play-
a not be inferior to by the College of
mit given by the permission of the
public tablishments
40 EUR. [...]
Mayor and Aldermen is required.
in- and Aldermen is no and Aldermen is
licensed
or
utably
licensed,
city. This redesign the different uses well as public fa-
for public interest, allowed to drive
if the temporary
is temporary, for 5 do not overlap. A cilities with regard
as well as those for or park in parks,
change of function
to a maximum of 10 combined parking to road, rail, wa- charitable or phil- green spaces and
does not exceed a
years. Afterwards, use allows the re-
ter, maritime or air
maximum duration
these locations will duction in number
traffic;
of four periods of
be evaluated and of parking spaces 5 ° on non-blind fences; built definitively. without losing ac7 ° on facades of cess. The efficiendwellings; cy of the space is 8 ° on uninhabited
year.
square of a park, green
telecommu- - advertising es- College of Mayor College of Mayor
mainly inhabitants’ expec- lic domain to lin- that the time win- nication,
days per calendar
parks,
with poles, carriers for subordinate to the session of a per- playgrounds,
tion of an existing fer adapted to the space on the pub- tifs. [...] provided for
thirty consecutive
to
per
occupation
housing ate a new car-free ing space is used 4 ° on electricity ies created by, or that are in pos- green spaces and contribution can- ground, a permit
reconstituting area or a car-free by
rep-
of the city of Brus- requirements that EUR
- the City or bod- sels or the ones apply
in the main func- a commercial of- zone. This creates different travel mo- overhead lines or
building,
H2, Art. 7.4
use Advertising is pro- Are exempt from With exception for Without
tions is not nec- elimination of un- certain streets cre- means that a park-
porary
H1, Art 4
town support the policy in public domain. or double use of hibited: 1 ° in the the taxes on pub- vehicles in service dice to the legal tax is fixed on 0,80 rary
for
planning
2.5.2
ger and enjoy the dow within which lighting poles, as tended exclusively motorized vehicle required to peddle
increased.
anthropic events
or sell anything.
playgrounds.
or unused buildings; 9 ° on artworks. h
d
Aksent vzw
f g Municpialities Soleil Du Nord
Inhabitants
Brussels Region
Brussels Design Market
Local Universities
City of Brussels Local politicians
Tour & Taxis Toestand
Renovas
New inhabitants Federal Government
Communa Police entities
Maison de Quartier
Remua ASBL
Boatman Community
Hip Hop School
European union FADA
Platform Citoyenne
Local Architects
Innovation & multiculturality: exchange
Destigmatization & integration
Metropolitan & local interactions
City image & project zone integration
City image & project zone reinventing
Prostitute syndicat
Immigration Office
30
a
b
c
d
A P P R O P R I A T I O N a. Border-entrance b. Civic canopy c. Urban souk (stage 2) d. Social park e. CitĂŠ garden f. Urban souk (stage 1) g. Urban souk (stage 3) h. Border-entrance
31
g
f
h
e
32
Projections
Projects: 1. City as a Carpet 2. Theater CotĂŠ Nord 3. From Monolith to Multiplicity
33
Theme 2 Exchange and Encounter 34
Brussels North gathers infrastructural lines, meandering through the valley. In between these metropolitan lines, underused open spaces and doublesided buildings lay squeezed. The district, with an abundance of weakly defined spaces, has always been perceived as a city of motion, both in terms of transit, as in terms of social mobility. Designing the ‘groundscape’ that reinvents the open space can serve as a new system where the existing tissue is re-incorporated, and new infrastructures and programs can be implemented. Altering and enforcing the metropolitan lines and
adding stitches in between them provide the framework to ‘weave in’ social, cultural and commercial activities. Although the framework withstands, the weaving can ever change, according to the needs and desires of stakeholders. So, the playful alteration between these ‘stitches’ unfolds a ‘festival-city’, stimulating the urban experience. Eventually, the city as a ‘carpet’ recycles what is available today, in order to become the vehicle for hosting the daily urban life of tomorrow.
City as a Carpet
Reinventing the open space to stimulate the urban experience Maria Skordouli, Mariia Zakharova, Matthias Lamberts Brussels Scale
Brussels North as a bottleneck of metropolitan infrastructure lines
Metropolitan lines cluster social and cultural programs and double-sided buildings
Creating possibilities by ‘stitching’ metropolitan lines
Double-sided buildings and oversized open spaces lay in between metropolitan and local lines
Double-sided buildings and oversized open spaces create the framework for ‘weaving’ the city
North District Scale
Barcode of metropolitan and local lines
35
Spatial Synergy Interpretation of the existing urban space unfolds spatial and social opportunities to re-invent a new system.
N 100 m
36
Weaving the city A playful overlap of different functions, users and activities
Metropolitan lines are re-destined to main purposed flows of transit, whether pedestrian, bike or public transport.
Stitches hold the framework for programmes and functions. They situate at double sided buildings and oversized open spaces.
Programmes are weaved in the stitches and can be expanded or modified.
37
100 m
N
38
Scenarios of a Festival City Trajectories of continuous discoveries of urban experiences
NORTH
RUE DE BRABANT RUE D’AERSCHOT
LEUVEN BUS STATION Info point
SENNE
LOCAL MARKET Supporting Wednesday’s market
WTC
PARK
VELO Bike - rent repair social employment
VELO
VILVOORDE - ANTWERP
SOCIAL HOUSING
COMMUNITY CENTRE HOSTEL
URBAN AGRICULTURE
SPORTS FACILITIES Linked to the school, on condition of opening for the neighbourhood outside school hours
NEW RESIDENTIAL APPARTMENTS Private real estate development on condition of investing in refugee and cultural centre
39
H STATION
SHOPPING MALLS
M
BUS LINE SKILL-DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Validation and obtainment of (technical) diploma
DAY CARE CENTRE
VENUE Presentations/ lectures/ cultural events
NATIONAL THEATRE
CITY HALL
PEDESTRIAN BOULEVARD
CENTRAL MARKET Selling agricultural products, supporting local economies and ethnic commodities
ROYAL THEATRE
FAST BIKE LINE
PEDESTRIAN LINE URBAN AGRICULTURE Agricultural land cultivated by (social housing) residents and refugees.
SAINT-CATHERINE CHURCH
THEATRE eg. participation of refugees
PUBLIC CULTURAL CENTRE Exhibitions/ conferences/ seminars/ youth activities ...
MAIN CAR AVENUE
REFUGEES CENTRE Night shelter/ common spaces basic physical and mental health services
CANAL
40
The project finds its roots in an analysis of Brussels’ streetscapes and the choreographies taking place within them. Perceiving the city as a theatre brings to the foreground eight axes hanging longitudinally in the city. This formal sequence appears as a variety of urban sceneries, each developing its own story such as representation, commerce, and transit. A cross sectional reading of these continuities reveals more complex systems. The three mapped typologies enable to collect different identities of Brussels’ theatre by transecting the plays perpendicularly. In the Coté
Nord, the axes slide into a bottleneck, capturing a complex inter-play, which is currently overshadowed by the omni-presence of the car. The concept therefore imagines a caricatured differentiation of five plays. The project treats the stitches between them as a collector of these stories. The identity of each axis guides spatial choices, but also hides an underlying agenda: facilitating contradictory choreographies present in the district. People performing in the streetscape become the theater, and our design proposal sets up the scene for this.
Theater Coté Nord
A
B
Facilitating the inter-play of choreographies Manola Colabianchi, Nadia Nusrat, Sarah Van de Velde
C
LONGITUDINAL PLAYS HANGING IN THE CITY
AA’
BB’
CC’
waterfront leisure 41
formal canal flaneur
Analysis patchwork of in-between zones
A’
B’
linear connectivity
historical permeability
50m
250m
500m
THREE TYPOLOGIES OF CONNECTION
backyard
representation
transit
shopping
economy
power 42
SCENOGRAPHIES car axis with park pockets 43
forest of representation
transit route
shopping street
green stitch
Concept
Thursday 5 pm rushhour along the transit axis
Thursday 10 pm parkstrip filled with cars of the residents
Wednesday 2 pm parkstrip appropriated for leisure activity
Tuesday 11 am Weekly market at Rue de Brabant
Wednesday 2 am square filled with cars during the night
Wedsnesday 5 pm commuters perform in front of the station
Monday 11 am balcony as a stage for public speech
Wednesday 5 pm balcony as waiting platform for travellers
Tuesday 10 am park-space as neighbourhood garden
Sunday 11 am park-space flooded by parishoners’s cars
Friday 5 pm commuters rushing to the train and bus
Monday 11 am mass demonstration through the forest
Sunday 11 am solitude in the forest
Saturday 2 pm strolling through the botanical garden
Friday 10 pm kiss-and-ride zones along caroussel d’amour
Sunday 2 pm dead end street appropriated by residents
PERFORMERS the cardriver
the demonstrator
the traveller
the shopper
the wanderer 44
AA’
BB’
CC’
DD’
STITCHING SCENOGRAPHIES 1/750 sections 45
Design
A
D A’
D’
C
D
B
C’
B’
46
The North Quarter of Brussels has a contradictory identity as a large metropolitan site of centrality accessible by all modes of public transport, and yet it remains predominantly a car-oriented district in the periphery of the city. The area sits in the shadow of the failed Manhattan plan, marked by over-scaled public spaces and large monolithic ground floor plinths. By reading the ground floor as a Nolli map, the office plinths can be re-imagined as permeable sites of opportunity. The public space becomes a forest of columns and grids that can be appropriated by a
variety of scales and programs, transforming monoliths into multiplicities. The palimpsest of grids is rescaled according to a threefold strategy: a Neighborhood Mesh (S), Pentagon Patches (M) and Metropolitan Park (L). The urban strategy is underpinned by a management model, which outlines an integrated process for stakeholder engagement and the project implementation framework.
From Monolith to Multiplicity
Rereading and Rescaling the Forest of Columns
ANALYSIS
Wendy Chavez, Olivia Missiaen, Jani Truter
METROPOLITAN SCALE
Brussels North as a point of CENTRALITY
North Station counts
The commuter time from the province capitals is between
on a daily basis, however there are only
60 minutes and 90 minutes
40 000 Commuters Canal Industrial Spine
10 000 Inhabitants living in the North Quarter
Tour and Taxis Railway System
MONOFUNCTIONAL The North Quarter as a site of
pass-through Historic Armatures of
CONCEPTS
Koning Albert II Boulevard and Simon Bolivar Boulevard
ARRIVAL STRUCTURE
...as remnant of the Manhattan Plan
47
... concentrated in a metropolitan park
Trade
Manhattan Monetary Spine
Railway System
PUBL
... to the building perimeter
127,685 m vacancy 2
Manhattan Plan remnants
officespaces in the Noordwijk (measured 2011)
in
Belgian organization SLRB (Societé du logement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitales) held a conference on 13th of April 2016 to promote a public-private partnership (PPP) call to build
500 new affordable homes in Brussels. Zone du croissant pauvre Weekloosheids graad bij jonderem (2012): Brussel Region: 38%, Brussel
Nord : 46%.
unemployment
among young people
46%.
41new school buildings 550 million euros
On the proposal of Flemish Minister of Education Hilde Crevits, the Flemish government has selected
through a public-private partnership. The investment value of the projects amount to
.
The new schools have a total area of 250,000 m². 50 million euro subsidies for 41 new school projects
for Flanders and Brussels Capital Region
LIC SPACE...
NOLLI MAP...
... re-read to building cores
... of the office plinths
... taking over the North Quarter
48
STRATEGY (XS),S,M,L,(XL)
S Neighbourhood Mesh The existing park structure is
connected with intersecting
pedestrian movements
The social housing site is
densified by introducing a
canopy of trees and intermediate scale buildings for social functions
L
Metropolitan Park
The metropolitan park
functions twofold: an arrival structure providing a big urban square as a shared surface for public transport and events. The new trade and
exchange programs take over
the underutilized office plinths and charge the arrival structure. Towards the canal the metropolitan park takes less urban character and is programmed with
recreational functions. The boulevard is rescaled by new residential buildings of the metropolitan park.
M
Pentagon Patches
Museum CitroĂŤn
Along the line of Place Rogier and the future museum square in front of the Citroen building, the new square at the end of Albert II Avenue will operate as the entrypoint of the North Quarter. Their specific character will constitute the urban
gateways to the Brussels Pentagon.
49
Square Rogier XDGA
Commercial
Social
Residential
Sports & Recreation
Park
0
50
100m
50
USERS
The Management Model is a
frame of reference for the
THE LOCAL The resident
administration of a project.
values, stakeholders mechanisms for its implementation.
It is based on and the
includes the
THE FREQUENTER The commuter
Park/ Recreation THE NEWCOMER The tourist, migrant, asylum seeker
Average number of
indicators
stated in the
outcome
Childcare
specifications of 25 Public Private Partnership projects in Belgium
Sports/ Playground
(Hueskes, 2017)
community and participation
Shared Public Space
Community facilities
environment and natural resources health and comfort
livability Mixed Public Housing
social justice
Metropolitan
VALUES Trust and coopeation Sustainability Inclusive design PUBLIC SECTOR
Metropolitan Park
Sports/ Pla
Spill-over effect Adaptability
PRIVATE SECTOR
CIVIL SOCIETY
Commercial Functions
Design Feedback Park & Recreation
Implementation
Evaluation Monitor
Metropolitan Square
51
Creating an public environment for econ and social exhange.
INTERVENTIONS AND PUBLIC KEY ACTORS Shared Spaces and Public Infrastructure Visit Brussels - build and disseminate an attractive image of Brussels Artiris - Brussels’ public employment service. Bruxxeles Formation - skills and job training services for the public
Housing
Brussels Capital Region Development Cooperation + City of Brussels
Sports/ Playground
Société du Logement de la Région de Bruxxeles-Capitale (SLRB)
Public Private Partnerships
Market
Brussels Urban Development - facilitate access to housing and promote social cohesion
(Implementation vehicle)
DBFM(O) - Development Building Finance
School
Social Services
Maintenance (Operation)
Bruxelles Bruxxeles Formation - skills and job training services for the public
Market Sports/ Recreation
OSMW - Public Centre for Social Welfare
Cafeteria/ Restaurants/ Bars
Brussels Urban Development - facilitate access to housing and promote social cohesion
Metropolitan Square
Restaurants/ Bars
Economic Cycle
Information Station
Impulse - support and guidance in the creation of entreprises Finance Brussels - assistance to young, innovative businesses Brussels Economy and Employment - develop sustainable economy and employment.
Public housing
n Park
Park Social services
ayground
Social services Private housing
Library Social housing
nomic
Community facilities
Spatial Proximity Social Interaction Aspects of Social Cohesion + Place attachment + Common norms
=
+ Social cohesion and increased safety - Anti-social behaviour
City collection of rent and municipal fees More investment opportunities Attracts more customers
Reinvest in the area area
Attracts more business opportunities and job creation 52
Projections
Projects: 1. Water Mark(et) 2. A System of Variations 3. Metropolitan Park 4. The Underwater City
53
Theme 3 Variations and Occupations 54
The River Zenne was one of the first watermarks of the city of Brussels. Yet, as the city grew, and insalubrious conditions increased, it became unappreciated and was eventually covered. Brussels lost its major watermark. In the process of uncovering the traces and the layers of the river, we understood how it had a major effect on the social and economic aspects of life in the city, and came across a market network that clusters around it. By mapping the existing market system around the river’s watermark, we were able to identify the potential of water to host city markets.
Based on our analysis, this project proposes to uncover and recover River Zenne as a major element of the city’s identity. By recovering this watermark, a fluid market system has been introduced, which permeates the interrupted urban fabric of the North Quarter. The network will act as a mediator, meandering through the rigid grid of the North Quarter, to create a WaterMark(et) system.
WATERMARK(ET)
Restoration of an Identity
Fareeha Sheikh, Katerina Eleftheriou, Yuying Sun
RIVER 1645
RIVER 1818
CURRENT CONDITION
Shopping Streets Super Markets Outdoor Markets Organic Markets Evening Markets Special Event Market
Constellation of markets around the river & canal in the Center of Brussels, while the North Quarter remains a potential zone for a new network of markets.
Topographic analysis and indication of flood prone areas to identify viable river path
55
Timeline & overlaps in current market schedules
Effective means of mobility within 500m of each market
river river
cultural cultural
flea
flea
water management water management
literature
food food
bike lanes bike lane
organic
organic festival festival
EXISTING TREES stitches stitches
STRATEGY PLAN De-asphalting in order to cut down vehicular traffic, & softening the urban tissue, while uncovering the river. Renewable sources of energy, water & solar power, are integrated in the design of markets
Meandering river that passes through vacant building sites, combining existing landscapes with leisurely bike lanes & pedestrian walkways
SHADOW ANALYSIS
STITCHES AS MEDIATORS
Interstitial stitch between the Manhattan Plan area & the old fabric
Interstitial stitch perpendicular to the North Station which accommodates the highest number of visitors
Interstitial stitch between the City Center (Pentagon) and the Manhattan Plan area
56
PROPOSAL
57
A neighbourhood market to create social cohesion Promotes local food & culture Monday to Sunday 19:00 – 22:00 B B
A
A
C C
SECTION A-A
SECTION B-B
SECTION C-C
PERSPECTIVE THROUGH WATER ISLANDS
58
Boulevard restructured to become a promenade with a striking canopy design Hosts events & a market for everyday products Friday to Sunday 16:00 to 19:00
A
A
SECTION A-A
THE CANOPY
SECTION WITH THE CANOPY
RETRACTABLE BENCH DETAILS RIVER WITH THE STEPS
WATER FILTERED AND REUSED
59
A market integrated in an existing building. Promotes art & literature with its close proximity to the City Center (Pentagon) Monday to Friday 10:00- 16:00
C
B
B
C
A
A
SECTION A-A
BLOW-UP SECTION
SECTION C-C
SECTION B-B
A PLATFORM ADDED AS VIEWING DECK WITH THE RIVER
60
Understanding the main vocations that potentially link certain areas of Brussels’ North Quarter led us to formulate a vision in which two main figures, and their articulation, build our scenario. The first figure is the Urban Forest; the project expands the nature of the existing fragmented park into an urban forest. This man-made environment crosses streets, physical boundaries and climbs the concrete walls of the city. The second figure is Tree Canopy; the proposal of a huge tree canopy constituting a grid of green pillars, dominates the image of the boulevard. The glass
buildings become invisible and the common ground floor, a mineral horizontal carpet, becomes a stage for public life. These two variations regain and rebuild the oversized, neglected voids of the North Quarter, and mutually overlap in the horizontal connective tissue. An emblematic inter-space is generated through this dialogue: a ‘spazio smisurato’, an immeasurable space, that accommodates a range of possible indeterminate uses. It stages the interplay of the Urban Forest and the Tree Canopy and makes possible to understand this figures as a system.
A System of Variations
Re-reading the images of Brussels North Mahmoud AlSalti, Xavier Ordonez, Angelica Palumbo
N
Systems of barriers & links variations | issues| opportunities 61
Urban Forest
interspace
Tree Canopy
System of variations two figures | interspace(s) 62
combininig uses
removing barriers
activating voids
participating
interpreting the grid
foresting
learning
green grids
open uses relinking
topographies indetermination
planting managing rain water
spreading activities canopy
connecting free circulation
connective tissue
creating topographies
using the grid
trees as canopies
activating ground floor
Vision strategies 63
10
connecting
foresting
managing rain water
participating
Urban Forest zoom 64
10
combining uses
canopy
Interspace zoom 65
overlapping grids
10
activating ground floors
tree canopy
mineral topographies
Tree Canopy zoom 66
The project is about using the non-functional fragmented green spaces around the North Quarter to form a Metropolitan park and give the city a new identity, which is actualized by creating a connection between the existing green spaces, Tour & Taxis, and the Botanical Garden. We designed through materials by using different linear landscapes based on their original morphology, giving new identities and functions to the space of strips, such as the forest, biological wetland, urban
agriculture, flower gallery, farmer’s market and the likes. Also, natural and man-made landscape elements and materials are recognized. By interweaving them together and introducing a new green system, the sequence and structure of the whole park are reinforced. To enjoy maximum use of the space, vehicles are restricted within the space, giving access to bicycles, and pedestrians, thus creating a well accommodating and relaxing atmosphere for all ages.
Metropolitan Park Interweaving Landscape Anshu Ahuja, Osunkoya Modupe Kofoworola , Yuxi Wu
Alluvial Plain Legend Alluvial plain Tour& Taxis NQ
The North Quarter lies in the alluvial plain, which provides fertile soil. The water perculation rate is high in this area, making it a apporpriate place to develop a metropolitan park.
Floodable Area Legend Weak spot Average gap High random
Legend Metropolitan parks City parks District parks Industrial areas Valley Site
A set of functional levels are defined based on a range of green space sizes, linked to the scale of the area. The connection between existing green spaces could be improved by interweaving fragmented landscapes.
Water flow
1: 30000
67
Built Density
Accessibility
Interweaving
Existing
Turning the white to become green, the North Quarter has the space needed to form the scale of a metropolitan park
There are seven north-south connections and several over-sized east-west connections primarily for vehicles
Present landscape is fragmented, but can be interweaved together to form a metropolitan park
Schools, administrative institutions, community organizations, and cultural facilities exist in the area.
Pavements
Trees
Making a Connection between the Tour&Taxis and the Botanical Garden
Structure biodiversity
view of the square before the station
1: 3500
Characteristics
Programmatic Node view along the canal
Projected Park Walk by outdoor artist exhibition
Listen to a concert at amphitheater
Take a picture of historical momument of the railway
VISIT RAILWAY MUSUEM RE FIL LW ATE R
Weekend Tourist
Visit Botanical Garden Q
Parking in new public parking lot
K C
UI
arrive: 10 am Visit Biodiversity Park
K AC
SN
Family with Young Children Farmer Market Local Resident
E FF
CO
Bike to the north
AK
Visit Flower Market
Visit urban agriculture
BRE
Morning Taichi
arrive: 2 pm
Cyclist Commuter
PARK BIK
Visit the farmers market
Watch cyclists on a bench OM TRO RES
VE HA
Flower Market
Canal Forest Wetland Agriculture Different characteristics are assigned to each bundle based on its original morphology
view of the central boulevard
E
arrive: 3 pm
Senior Citizen
Visit Tour& Taxis Parc
HAVE LUNCH
Morning Swimming in indoor pools
E
Exhibition
Jogging around the lake
Enjoy the sun in a great lawn
Picnic in great lawn
arrive: 8 am
68
a
d
b
c
1: 2500
69
Pathways and Trails
Rainwater Catchment Underneath
Detailed section of Rainwater Catchment
Existing section 1-1
a. neighborhood green space
Possibility of connection
Construction of underground tunnel
d. urban climbing wall
b. great lawn in front of station exit
c. flower garden
Existing section 2-2
Section after design
70
With climate change on the rise, the flooding of lowlying cities, especially those that lie in a floodplain like Brussels, is an inevitable reality. Focused on ecology as a stimulus for urban life, the project proposes to re-organize the existing infrastructure to restore the former floodplain in Brussels’ North Quarter using the railway network as an edge. Vital space is reclaimed, allowing water to find its way around the city: hence, the underwater city. The project works with enhanced topography to
maintain the floodplain. Landscape strategies are applied for a natural hydrological system, that seeks to decentralize the management of water through the morphological change of created terraces, and to regulate peak water flow. The railway system acts as an edge and physical connection, linking new programs created along and within its breadth, to the newly adapted, resilient center. The redesigned railway platform becomes a magnificent viewing deck into the city.
THE UNDERWATER CITY
Reclaiming the floodplain for a resilient future Marlies Aerts, Brenda Kamande, Hongxia Pu
71
72
CLIMATE CHANGE
T
+ 38%
RAINFALL
+ 60-200 CM SEA LEVEL RISE
WINTER 73
-52%
RAINFALL
DRINKING WATER
SUMMER
DESIGN APPROACH The location of the project is determined by the topography and infrastructure of the city. The analysis unearthed a shift in layers between the valley and the railway system. Sequentially, the railway system that is sometimes manifested as a wall, becomes a gap on the other side of the topographic layer. Because of the importance of the valley in the city, the project is developed by looking from the outside to the inside, by creating a soft mobility network that is connected to the existing infrastructure but simultaneously crosses the landscape created within. With the background that the North Quarter is built on the original floodplain, the project seeks to reclaim the floodplain by removing all unnecessary infrastructure and creating a watersensitive landscape: a resilient city that takes into account climate change is hence created.
CO2 FOREST AREAS
+10% OZONE
T
The project, gives the area a new identity while simultaneously rendering each neighbourhood its own individuality. The North Quarter will become a sculpture in the water while the railway gives new functions and characters to every district it passes through.
74
DEEP ROOT TREES
GINKGO BILBOBA: 8,6 - 20,2
GYMNOCLADUS DIOICUS: 10,3 - 18,6
ROOFTOP TREES
PYRUS COMMUNIS: 5,1 - 14,6
CORNUS MAC: 2 - 3,5
ZELKOVA SERRATA: 15 - 26
WATER PLANTS
BUTOMUS UMBELLATUS: 0,45 - 0,65
PONTEDERIA CORDATA: 0,42 - 0,45
TYPHA LATIFOLIA: 1,7 - 3,2 75
MASTER PLAN
MASTER SECTION 76
Raised deck over the artificial water system
Section through the railway system wedges between two towers
Bringing river Zenne back above ground
Water cascade collection pool
Viewing deck overlooking the city
77
SECTION CUT AREAS
Raised deck over railway giving a view in to the Tours and Taxis park
Through the old station railhouses and new water park with raised decks as walkways
Elevation through Aarschot Street showing the sequence of buildings that create the wall
Section through the small artificial water system, the flooded park and the large cutting.
78
References 79
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