revitalizing manhattan farmers market rachael mayhill | graduate thesis program
1 section one
2 section two
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
context
executive statement goals + objectives
surrounding environment demographics existing site proposed side + building analysis user + client
3 section three
4 section four
precedent + case studies
THEORIES + TRENDS
precedent overview market type precedents
background the community + economy theories + trends marketing
5 section five
6 section six
CONSIDERATIONS + GUIDELINES
requirments + codes
acoustics color lighting signage + wayfinding
ergonomics 2035 guidelines
table of contents
project introduction section one
executive statement project introduction
S
ince the beginning of time food has been a primary shaper of human settlement and culture. History shows countless wars have occurred over the ownership of a source or even the scarcity of food. As society developed and food became less of an individual matter and more of an effort of an entire community, cultures such as the Romans and Athenians developed markets That became the social, commercial and political cores of cities (Piedmont-Palladino 2009, 136). Having changed and developed throughout the centuries markets still exist today and have become a place that directly represents the health and values of a community (Smith 2009). Today farmers markets are on the rise, the USDA recently announced a 76% increase since 2008 (Alonzo 2014). The desire for a community that supports local vendors and simultaneously promotes fresh food and education on healthy lifestyles has also seen growth (McKibben 2007). Consumers concern for health and quality of food has increased 20% every year since 2000 (Piedmont-Palladino 2009, 137) and with only 1% of the population located on farms, considerations to keep up with the urban consumers demand have raised (EPA 2013).
Despite the growth in demand of farmer’s markets, a prominent lack in the design research and standards to create strong markets exist. The need for relevant and functional market spaces has become relatively new territory. Research has shown that customers want beautiful and abundant markets that they feel invested in, unlike a trip to the supermarket (Walker 2009). The psychological aspect of food production and consumption has been shown to be just as important to consumers, as they seek to know where the food came from and to establish a relationship with the farmer. The emphasis on the overall experience has revealed the need for innovative design of all aspects of the market, from how products are loaded, packaged, and transported to how they are displayed. With the growth and change in society, markets with year round opportunities have developed across the world incorporating modern design maintaining the ideals and essence of the market. The majority of these redesigns have occurred in larger cities, therefore to fill the gap in research and standards, the intention of the project is to create a prototype that will influence market design in smaller communities across the United States and spark conversation that will lead to the continued exploration of innovative solutions.
“...OUR RELATIONSHIP TO FOOD SOURCES IS AMONG THE PRIMARY SHAPERS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT, AND THEREFORE CULTURE.”
-green community
35
2035
GOALS + OBJECTIVES project introduction 2035 2035
2035 2035
2035
2035 2035 2035
1 2 3 4 5
SET A PRECEDENT
for market designs of similar scale |use a market style that thrives in small communities |use innovative materials and designs
ENCOURAGE SUSTAINABILITY within the market place
|provide elements for recycling + compost |use materiality that will last + withstand the elements
CREATE A BRAND
to promote and unify the market |develop a cohesive branding package |develop a strategy for promotion + clearly labeled products
ENCOURAGE GROWTH
and help meet manhattan’s urban plan |reuse an existing abandoned building |keep in line with manhattan’s 2035 plan
ENCOURAGE HEALTHY LIFESTYLES that encompasses beyond what is eaten
|include elements such as bike racks + usable sidewalks |include places to eat + socialize such as benches + picnic tables
site context section two
surrounding environment manhattan, kansas THE LITTLE APPLE
Manhattan, Kansas, commonly referred to as The Little Apple, is located in the northeastern region of Kansas. Right at the connection of the Kansas River and the Big Blue River. Manhattan is the county seat for Riley County.
currently
Today Manhattan is strongly known as the home of Kansas State University, having a strong college atmosphere. But Manhattan is attracting both young and old. CNN and Money magazine named the charming town on of the ten best places to retire in 2007. Forbes also named Manhattan number one for “Best Small Communities for a Business and Career� in 2011.
Geography
Overall, Manhattan is covered by 76% grasslands, 18% croplands, and 3% lakes and rivers. Located in the heart of the Flint Hills, Manhattan prides itself on prairie attractions. It is the largest town located in the Flint Hills and is home to the Flint Hills Discovery Center, Konza Prairie, and The Nature Conservancy. Although surrounded by the rolling hills and tall grass prairies, Manhattan was originally built on a flat flood plain at the connection of the two rivers. A reservoir is located approximately 5 miles north of the town. Tuttle Creek Reservoir has become a popular state park attraction for visitors.
economy
Manhattan thrives off of public entities. Kansas State University being the largest employer with the city school districts being the second. The proximity to Fort Riley is another large boost to the economy. A new addition arriving in Manhattan that will have an immense effect on multiple aspects of the economy is the National Bio and ArgoDefense Facility (NBAF), which is scheduled to open in 2020. Manhattan is a huge proponent of small local business and encourages their growth within the community. Manhattan is also actively working towards improvement of the city’s economy and rapid growth. Plans have been implemented to improve the city overall but also the transit system. Both to be discussed further in existing site.
daily temperature data - manhattan, ks
D aily T e m p e ratu re D ata - M A N H A T T A N , K S
150
65.6
100
37.8
10
50
- 17.8
0
- 45.6
- 50 Jan 1
T emper atur e (°C)
T emper atur e (°F)
Per iod of Recor d - Max temper atur e: 1893- 09- 13 to 2014- 12- 18; Min temper atur e: 1893- 08- 29 to 2014- 12- 18. Nor mals per iod: 1981- 2010. Click and dr ag to z oom char t.
Apr 1
Jul 1
Obs er ved temper atur e r ange (2014)
Oct 1
Nor mal temper atur e r ange
Recor d Max
Recor d Min [ chart adapted from NOAA ]
Climate
Manhattan is located in between the humid continental and humid subtropical climate zones. Meaning hot summers and no dry season. The city also falls in “Tornado Alley” but has not had a touchdown since 2008. Mild earthquake activity occurs from time to time due to its proximity to the Nemaha Ridge. The remaining major climatic activity that occurs in Manhattan is flooding. Since it was built on a floodplain Manhattan has had a long, recurring problem with flooding. The last major flood occurred in 1993.
Powered by AC IS
Manhattan’s warm season last from early June to mid September, with a daily average of 81°F. The average high is 92°F and the low 69°F. The cold season last from late November to early March, with a daily average of below 50°F. The average low is 18°F and the high 40°F. The humidity ranges from a comfortable 40% to a stifling 93%. Manhattan receives an average of 35.7” of precipitation per year. The majority occurring in the forms of thunderstorms, light rain, light snow, and moderate rain.
DEMOGRAPHICS manhattan, kansas race | ethnicity Manhattan’s young adult | In addition to TRENDS AND FORCES REPORT – MAY 2014
| The majority (83%) of the City of Manhattan’s residents are white.
population growth, the number of people between age 45 and 64 is also slowly TRENDS AND FORCES REPORT – MAY 2014 increasing.
make up the rest of Manhattan’s D EMOGRAPHICS | Minorities
population, with 6%2008-2012 of residents identifying Sources: Decennial Census, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. as Black or African American, 5% identifying D EMOGRAPHICS Race/Ethnicity as Asian, and less than 1% identifying as Sources: Decennial Census, 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Figure 3: 2010 City of Manhattan Population by Race • The majority (83%)Indian of the City of Manhattan’s 2010 population by race either American and Alaskan residents Native are white. Race/Ethnicity or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific • Minorities make the of rest Manhattan’s population, Figure 3: 2010 City of Manhattan Population by Race • The majorityup (83%) theofCity of Manhattan’s residents Islander. White 83%
| |
|
Age Cohort
|
6% American 83% White Black or African Asian 5% American 6%Two or More Race 3% Asian 5%Some other Two or 2% More Race 3%Race American Indian Some other <1% Race Native 2%+ Alaska Native Hawaiian American Indian <1% <1%+ Pacific + AlaskaIslander Native Native Hawaiian <1% + Pacific Islander Black or African
Figure 4: City of Manhattan Population Change by Cohort, 1990 to 2010 Figure 4: City of Manhattan Population Change by Cohort, population change by cohort 1990 to 2010 85+ 80 to 84 85+ 75 to 79 80 to 84 70 to 74 75 to 79 6570 toto6974 6065 toto6469 5560 toto5964 5055 toto5459 4550 toto4954 4045 toto4449 3540 toto3944 3035 toto3439 2530 toto2934 2025 toto2429 1520 toto1924 15 10 toto1419 10 to914 5 to 5 0 toto49 0 to 4 10,000 10,000
Total Population: Total Population:
1990:37,712 2000: 44,831 1990:37,712 2010: 52,281 2000: 44,831 2010: 52,281
Age Cohort
|
with 6% residents identifying as Black or African are of white. American, 5% identifying as Asian, and less than 1% • Minorities make up the rest of Manhattan’s population, Approximately 3% and 2% of Alaskan residents identifying as either American Indian and Native with 6% of residents identifying as Black or African identified themselves as two or more races Pacific Islander. or Native Hawaiian and other American, 5% identifying as Asian, and less than 1% or some other race, • as Approximately 3% and 2% ofrespectively. residents identifying as either American Indianidentified and Alaskan Native themselves as Hawaiian two or more as some other race, Pacific Islander. or Native and races other or respectively. • Approximately 3% and 2% of residents identified gender themselves as two or more races or as some other race, Gender The City’s population is mostly evenly respectively. • The City’s population mostly evenly distributed distributed among is the genders, particularly Gender among the genders, particularly among the younger among the younger population. • The City’s population is mostly evenly distributed population. the genders, particularly among younger • Thereamong are slightly more college-aged males the than females There are slightly more college-aged males population. (ages 20 to 29). than• females 20 to 29). males than females There are (ages slightly more college-aged • The population of older (over seventy years of age) females (ages 20 to 29). is significantly higher than that of males of the same • with The population of older seventy years age) females Theage, population older (over seventy years almost of 70% of the (over population aged 85ofand is significantly higher than that of males of the same of age) females older being female.is significantly higher than age, with almost 70% of the population aged 85 and that males of the same age, with almost Age of older being female. 70% of the population aged of85 and older • InAge each Census year, the population persons being female. between the ages of 20 and 24 is significantly larger • In each Census year, the population of persons than between any other, reflecting the large of thelarger the ages of 20 and 24 isportion significantly college-age population. This age cohort has also than any other, reflecting the large portion of the age seen college-age the most growth since 1990, growing from population. This age cohort has also of In each year,2000, theto population 9,637seen in Census 1990, to 12,907 in 2010. the most growthinsince 1990,15,358 growing from persons between the ages of2020 and 24 is 9,637 in 1990, 12,907 in of 2000, 15,358 in 2010. • The age cohorts onto either side the to to 24 range significantly larger than any other, reflecting (ages 15 to and ages 25 to 29) also20growing. • The age19cohorts on either sideare of the to 24 range the large portion of the (ages 15 to 19 and ages 25 to 29) are also growing. population • In addition to Manhattan’s young adultcollege-age population. This age cohort also seen growth, the number of people between age 45 and younghas adult population • In addition to Manhattan’s the increasing. number of people age 45from and is growth, alsogrowth slowly the 64 most since 1990,between growing 64 is also slowly increasing. 9,637 in 1990, to 12,907 in 2000, to 15,358 in
2010.
| The age cohorts on either side of the 20 to 24 range (ages 15 to 19 and ages 25 to 29) are also growing.
5,000 5,000
Male Male
0 0
5,000
5,000 Female Female
10,000
10,000
|Fort Riley population: difficult to predict due to political aspects of military funding, but recent trends suggest some reduction in on-base personnel is possible, at least in the short-term.
population forcasts 2013-2035 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000
City of Manhattan
40,000
K-State Student Body
30,000 P OPULATION
F ORECASTS
Population forecasts were prepared by the City of Manhattan Planning Division using a 20,000 variety of forecast methodologies and analysis of historical trends, as summarized
10,000 below.
•
2034 2035
2033
2032
2031
2030
2029
2028
2027
2026
The population forecasts for different population areas are summarized in Figure 5. The City could grow to nearly 72,000 persons by 2035 under a 1.19% average annual growth rate, and the Planning Area is expected to reach almost 80,000 Year persons by 2035 using this growth rate. Figure 6 below illustrates the 2035 population forecasts for the City of Manhattan, Planning Area, and Kansas State University student body. The methodology used is to generate the City of Manhattan and Urban Area forecasts is summarized at left. Student enrollment for KSU was projected by taking the total fall full-time enrollment (without the Technology & Aviation College located in Salina or the Olathe campus) and applying the annual growth rate assumed in the KSU Master Plan, which is 1% per year. 2025
• •
2024
To arrive at the population forecast for the Manhattan Urban Area as a whole, the projected growth rate found for the City using the modified exponential regression (1.19%) was simply applied to the 2010 Urban Area Population. Using this “Short-Term” projection, the population of the Urban Area is expected to reach 80,678 by 2035.
Planning Area
50,000
2023
mathematical regression of past population data. A modified exponential growth model was created, and the projected annual growth rates were then compared with other sources in order to contextualize the data: Historical county growth rates: from 1960-2010, Pottawatomie County has grown at an average annual rate of about 1.2%, Riley County at 1.1%. Riley County projected growth: a rate of 1% yearly projected in the Vision 2025 Plan. KSU projected student enrollment: an annual increase [ all information regarding demographics is taken directly from muacp - final trends and of 1% laid out in the KSU forces report may 2014 ] Campus Master Plan. Fort Riley population: difficult to predict due to political aspects of military funding, but recent
60,000
2021 2022
Population
Given the close comparability between the COMMUNITY PROFILE: PEOPLE selected population projection rate of 1.19% and the other quantitative sources, as well qualitative understandings of the regional FORECAST economy and growth patterns, theMETHODOLOGY selected The population forecasts used in population estimate appears sound. this report are based primarily on a
2020
|KSU projected student enrollment: an annual increase of 1% laid out in the KSU Campus Master Plan.
2019
|Riley County projected growth: a rate of 1% yearly projected in the Vision 2025 Plan.
2017 2018
|Historical county growth rates: from 1960- 2010, Pottawatomie County has grown at an average annual rate of about 1.2%, Riley County at 1.1%.
The City could grow to nearly 72,000 persons by 2035 under a 1.19% average annual growth rate, and the Planning Area is expected to reach almost 80,000 persons by 2035 using this growth rate. The figure below illustrates the 2035 population forecasts for the City of Manhattan, Planning Area, and Kansas State University student body. The methodology used is to generate the City of Manhattan and Urban Area forecasts is summarized at left. Student enrollment for KSU was projected by taking the total fall full-time enrollment (without the Technology & Aviation College located in Salina or the Olathe campus) and applying the annual growth rate assumed in the KSU Master Plan, which is 1% per year.
2015 2016
The population forecasts used in this report are based primarily on a mathematical regression of past population data. A modified exponential growth model was created, and the projected annual growth rates were then compared with other sources in order to contextualize the data:
Population forecasts
2013 2014
forecast methodology
population forcasts 2013-2035
Population Area
2013 Estimate
2035 Forecast
City of Manhattan
55,454
71,886
Planning Area
60,788
80,678
Kansas State University
19,784
24,625
Figure 6: Population Forecasts 2013-2035 100,000
MANHATTAn AREA 2035
manhattan urban area comprehensive plan WHAT IS THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN?
They City of Manhattan, Pottawatomie County, and Riley County in 2003 saw a need to create a stratgy that would help guide the community for the next 10-20 years. A committee was put together to create a vision for the future that celebrates the cities existing qualities and employ new opportunities, known as the Manhattan Urban Area Comprehensive Plan (MUACP).
MAJOR FACTORS
The major factors of the Comprehensive plan will be important to keep in mind when designing in the area. The hope is for the farmers market to be an addition to the overall plan that both celebrates an existing quality and employs new opportunities. Following is the list of factors taken directly from the MUACP.
PROCESS
Since its beginning the Planning area has grown to addresses 93 square miles that encompasses all the three communities. Each year the plan is reviewed to make sure the plan is still adhearing to the overall vision, aligning with current trends, and evaluating progress. The planning process was divided phases beginning in 2013 and into in 2015. See the tenative phase timeline with information taken from MUACP.
| Population Growth | Land + Infastructure Limitations | Changing Community Demographics | New Employment/Spinoff by NBAF | Uncertianty of Fort Riley Troop Levels | Increased Demand for Student Housing | Downtown Redevelpment | Core Area Neighborhood Stability
tenative timline Phase 1 Project Intention/Inventory + Analysis
2013 - 2014
Phase 2 Growth Vision, Goals, + Guiding Principles
2014
Phase 3 Analysis of Potential Future Growth Opportunities
2014
Phase 4 Draft Plan + Implementation Strategies Phase 5 Review + Adoption
2014 - 2015 2015
GUIDING PRINCIPLES 1 Sustainable use of land, infrastructure +
10 Expanded housing options to meet the
2 A balanced mix of land uses to meet the
11
3 Conservation of environmentally sensitive
opportunities for residents to 12 Expanded lead healthy + active lifestyles
connected, continuous + permanent 4A network of “green infrastructure”
variety of high-quality recreational 13 A opportunities in the form of
services + natural resources
needs of current + future generations areas
5 A safer + more resilient community 6 Make
use of public resources by locating facilities + providing services in areas planned for future growth
Revitalization of established + core area neighborhoods
interconnected parks, trails, recreation facilities, public spaces + natural areas to serve existing development + planned growth
historic + cultural resources 14 that contribute to the community’s identity + history
7 Equitably distribute the cost for urban
services over the areas that enjoy the of such services + among those entities responsible for extending such services
distinctive built + natural environment 15 A that promotes a sense of place
16 Strengthening Manhattan’s Role as a Regional Center
8 Strong partnerships + a commitment to
collaboration at the local + regional level
9 A balanced, cohesive, integrated system of streets, sidewalks, bikeways + public transportation that meets the mobility needs of Manhattan Urban Area
needs of a changing community
17 Expanded Economic Diversity + Stability 18 Varied public participation opportunities in the community planning process
balance
BETWEEN “...THE COMMUNITY MUST SEEK A ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONMIC, AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS.”
-muacp
existing market manhattan, kansas
history + General information
[taken directly from Manhattan Farmers Market website ]
Established in 1979, the Downtown Farmers Market of Manhattan is one of the oldest markets in the state. It has a rich history of local producers bringing fresh meats, vegetables, breads and baked goods to the Manhattan area each week. You will discover many local crafters bringing handmade jewelry, soaps, wood-carved items and other art mediums to the market. The Saturday morning market typically averages between 40-45 vendors with as many as 55 or more during the height of the season. The Wednesday evening market, set up at the entrance to Cico Park, averages 10-15 vendors with as many as 20 or so during the busiest weeks.
SATURDAY40-45
vendors
10-15 wednesday The marketâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hours are from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. every Saturday, from April through October for the downtown location and from 4 p.m. to 7 p. m., April through October for the Wednesday evening market at Cico Park. A new winter market was established in 2011 and runs from November to April at Cico Park, inside Pottorf Hall.
atasteofmorning.com
Becoming a Vendor
[taken directly from Manhattan Farmers Market website ]
The 2014 stall fees are as such: Pay-per-week vendors for Saturday market are $8.00 per stall.
$8.00 per stall Reserved Vendors have the option of paying up front for their stalls for the year at $150.00 per stall. Payment must be made prior to the spring meeting. All vendors pay $6.00 each for Wednesday sales. Reserved vendors must be at market 1/2 hr prior to market beginning to claim their stalls for the day. After that time market management may assign pay-per-week vendors into a reserved stall space.
claim stall 1.5 hrs prior
For application to be a vendor selling, Ready-to-eat, Processed Meats, or Canned Goods must hold the proper documnetation to do so. Those documnetations include; KS Department of Revenue Retailerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Tax License, Kansas Dept. of Agriculture Mobile License, and Food Processorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s License.
Manhattan Farmers Market manhattan, kansas
retrieved from google earth
editarchitects.com
description
Pop-up MARKET
The Manhattan Farmers Market has grown immensely since its beginning but has always stayed true to its values. The market has changed in location over the years and is now settled into two separate locations. The market is overseen by a market manager.
A pop-up market is a term that has been coined for retail that pops-up one day and is gone the next without leaving any trace of being there. They are highly mobile with a small footprint. Usually organized by local groups who determine the time and location. The group often provides other types of entertainment and events to accompany the market.
OVERVIEW LOCATION : manhattan| boston, ma
DATE : 1979
POPULATION : 56,143 (2013)
SCALE : 10-45 vendors
MARKET TYPE : pop-up market
AVERAGE VENDOR STALL : 10â&#x20AC;&#x2122;x10â&#x20AC;&#x2122;
PROJECT TEAM : n.a.
DISPLAY : provided by vendor
facebook.com
REQUIRED SIGNAGE
facebook.com
market branding
Required to display price and origin of merchandise.
facebook.com
facebook.com
SITE CONDITIONS : roadside, parking lot HOURS : saturdays | 9:00 - 1:30 wednesdays |4:00 - 5:00 [summer market] FUNDING STRUCTURE : vendor rent
INFRASTRUCTURE : limited electricity + amenities
access
to
ENTERTAINMENT : on occasion | no actual location for conduct entertainment
existing locations kimball and leavenworth
why two locations?
The current market is held in two seperate locations. During the summer months the market operates at both locations and just at the Kimball location during the winter months. The Leavenworth location is located by the mall, near the center of downtown; a prime market location but lacks shelter. The Kimball location is within the fairgrounds and by a park with shelter but not a prime location. Both locations also lack in supportive ammenities.
kimball
facebook.com
in between
28 min 1.5 hrs
leavenworth
facebook.com
9 min
PROPOSED LOCATION 222 north 6th street where?
Due to the lack of amenities, obvious location issues, and more, a new location of the Manhattan Farmers Market is to be proposed. Thinking back to the original intent and purpose of farmers markets to be located at the city center, the proposed site was picked to help encourage and reestablish the market downtown near itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s original location, 222 North 6th Street. The proposed location is also meant to follow the MUACP. By redeveloping an existing, vacant building (previously a Rayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Apple Market), a beautiful contrast exist between a previous box supermarket to a farmers market that could be amplified in the design.
surroundings
The building has a medium sized parking lot that can be used for multi-purposes. Surrounding the site are businesses, residences, and a school. The area itself is all hardscape but greenry exist around the residential areas. Streets and sidewalks surround the location.
222 n. 6th st.
n
ray's apple market
[ vacant BUILDING ]
google.com/maps
surroundings
12. MORO
1. Town Entrance
LARAMIE
2. Mall
FREMONT
3. Downtown 4. Newspaper
6.
11.
5. Post Office
8.
6. School
4.
5.
10.
8. Business
HUMBOLT
8.
POYNTZ
3.
6.
9. Courthouse
LEAVENWORTH
7.
7. 9.
7. Residential
OSAGE
HOUSTON
2.
PIERRE
10. Public Library
6.
11. City Park
COLORADO
1.
12. Aggieville 12TH
11TH
10TH
9TH
8TH
JULIETTE
6TH
5TH
4TH
3RD
n
PROPOSED building 222 north 6th street general
222 North 6th Street, Manhattan, Kansas was the home to Rayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Apple Market Grocery store for eight and half years. The store closed in early 2014. The building has been vacant ever since and is currently on the market. The site is located downtown surrounded by a mix of business and residential areas. The one story building was constructed in 2006 with a total allowable building area of 36,000 square feet. It is considered to be a neighborhood commercial zoned building. It is a mercantile occupancy group and is unprotected and a fully sprinkled building. It will be important to make sure the building is up to date on code. It is constructed with insulated concrete floors, suspended ceiling, CMU walls, along with gypsum board.
view of front of building from 6th street
aerial view
view of side down leavenworth street
< existing entrance
google.com/maps
google.com/maps
PROPOSED building 222 north 6th street
view of back entrance from 5th street
aerial view
view of side from humbolt street
google.com/maps
google.com/maps
architectural drawing set lss architects, manhattan, ks
a-1 | existing site plan
architectural drawing set lss architects, manhattan, ks
a-2 | floor plan
architectural drawing set lss architects, manhattan, ks
a-3 | rcp
architectural drawing set lss architects, manhattan, ks
a-4 | floor finish plan
architectural drawing set lss architects, manhattan, ks
a-5 | fixture plan
architectural drawing set lss architects, manhattan, ks
a-6 | enlarged floor plan
architectural drawing set lss architects, manhattan, ks
a-7 | details
architectural drawing set lss architects, manhattan, ks
a-8 | door + window sched.
users
consumers and vendors consumer
Farmers Market consumers come in all shapes and sizes. Farmers markets are an idea that people from all around the world understand and appreciate. It is hard to pinpoint an exact demographic for a farmers market user because it varies from city to city, market to market. It has been found that females do frequent the market more often, which tends to mean more children. There has also been a recent trend in fresh food movements that have even moved into schools, getting children much more interested. Many markets hold activities for children to educate and help while parents shop. More then ever the consumer is a wide range from young to old. For Manhattan particular the women averaging at an age of 45 holds true.
average age 45
vendor
The person behind the stand is just as important, if not more, to the function of the farmers market. For smaller markets, farmers often are running the stalls themselves or with the help of families. It is a big task that requires many hands. Although, it is not uncommon at larger markets for farmers to hire help to run their stalls. They are needed on the farms, producing. Daily markets cannot be attended everyday, instead they will make appearances on theâ&#x20AC;?mainâ&#x20AC;? market days. Currently, the average farmer in the United States is 55, which holds pretty true to the Manhattan area. The types of vendors will change, which consequently means so will the vendor demographic.
average age 55
target
There really is no specific target user. Farmers market aim to target all demographics. When designing it is important to think of young children to elderly using canes. www.downtownsm.com
theories + trends
section three
The community + economy of a market a literature review INTRO
The local farmers market has many implications on its surrounding community. As the growth of local markets has occurred over the past decade a great amount of research has been done on the effect it has on the economy, community, people and the future. While some believe that markets can be phony or are quickly fading trend, others believe that markets are exactly what the community needs for the overall betterment. While formulating an understanding it is important to keep all opinions, perspectives and research in mind in order to truly grasp and get a clear understanding. The following explores reliable and relevant sources to compare and analyze the information on the effect a farmers market has on its surrounding community and economy.
COMMUNITY
Although local markets have been a part of the American culture for years, the recent trends in economic awareness and sustainable or organic food have begun to shed light on the
cravedfw.com
“renaissance”
“THE OF MARKETS.”
food or farmers market as a whole. It has been called by some the “renaissance” of markets.7 Communities long to serve the greater good; people want to be proud of their community and showcase how enriched and healthy their community is. As a whole, communitiesespecially cities-are proud of their local food markets and celebrate the access to local or regional goods being provided versus just building another box supermarket.7 So where exactly do farmers markets fit into a community? What are its overall effects? Are they positive? Looking at it from a large scale perspective the book, Green Community ultimately looks at how communities can become greener.6 What is the appropriate approach with the rise in popularity of sustainability across the country and the overall approach to improving the quality of life? Is it really necessary to reinvent the wheel? The answers may be found by looking back through history: the United States has been practicing successful elements of a “green” lifestyle since its inception. 6 These practices need to be highlighted and promoted throughout the country with the market being a prime example of a successful element that has sustained time. A recent study, by the American Planning Association, has also found a strong correlation between the successfulness of a green community and its relationship to food. 6 Further, a correlation is seen between personal health, community health, and the planet’s health. 6 Communities find value in things that bring people together. Markets are a place that helps people reflect on the health and values of their community
photo taken by rachael mayhill
and are typically a place that embraces the communities culture.
PSYCHOLOGY
Markets can offer much more than a sense of place or community pride. A significant amount of research has been done on the psychology of a person pertaining to a market; there are strong feelings and nostalgia that coincide with markets. Doctor John S. Allen researched and analyzed exactly this: why do people prefer going to a local market versus a mega-supermarket? He also argues that the food itself may not even be better. There are actually many other factors that combine to help a person increase their mood. People are forced to think more about where their food is coming from and interact with the farmer or seller developing an increased sense of trust. So not only consumers directly interacting with the producer, they are also becoming more aware of the food value chain which can serve as a cognitive award. Another seemingly
obvious mood enhancer is the exposure to the outdoors.1 Even regardless of these individual factors the consumers, knowingly or not, still have a better sense of community and feel like they are working towards not only bettering themselves but also the environment.1 People want to be places that make them feel happy and healthy. They also want to return to these places often. The farmers market is one of these places for many.
ECONOMY
In terms of the market and its effect on the economy itself varies. In some places around
â&#x20AC;&#x153;BOOM CITIES BECAME
overpopulated WITH MARKETS.â&#x20AC;?
the US, the markets have large revenue while others markets continue to struggle. For example, a recent article printed in the US News stated that after the boom cities became overpopulated with markets, due to the “trend” in sustainability and healthy lifestyles, the markets began fighting for business with the smaller markets especially struggling.3 This article also states that the rapid increase in the popularity of markets is beginning to level off due to situations like this.3 This statement, however, contradicts the information recently released by the USDA reporting that there has been a 76% increase in markets in the United States since 2008 and the numbers continue to grow.2 Consumers are actually wanting and willing to pay for a more expensive food. They actually prefer it that way. Smith uses the analogy of buying wine for why individuals are willing to spend the extra buck at the local market versus
issues with the consumer and the current state of the economy, McKibben is striving to find solutions through the sourcing of local and sustainable food. He spent the year diving into how the local food industry runs meeting with all types of individuals and experiencing first hand all levels of the process. While eating local for every single meal may not be the solution for everyone, it is individuals like McKibben that are continuing the movement of buying and eating local food and in return having an effect on both the economy and the community.
CONCLUSION
Through the research of the current body of knowledge, it seems obvious that there is a strong correlation between community and economy, especially in regards to local markets. While the body of knowledge is vast,
increase
“THERE HAS BEEN A 76% IN FARMERS MARKETS SINCE 2008.” the supermarket. For example, in Farmers Market Boom Is Leveling Off it states: “Now, psychological studies have shown that the price of a wine can have a perhaps distressing (if you think it should be possible to assess a wine based only on flavor) influence on the perception of its quality. People’s expectations of a wine’s quality are strongly shaped by price before they have even tasted it.” 3 Just how consumers believe the more money spent on a bottle of wine will yield better quality, they similarly feel about their bananas, for example.3 They also know exactly to whom their money is going to; directly to the farmer. Individuals like Bill McKibben are challenging themselves with a year of eating local. Seeing
statistics show the correlation and the effects that the markets have on local communities and how their integration has been beneficial. Very few inconsistencies occur within the topic. The biggest issue are the opinions, research and analysis of the current state and future of markets in terms of growth. I think it is safe to say that they are still growing in number but are leveling out. Will this just be a trend? It seems as if every day consumers are realizing the importance of living a sustainable and healthy life. At the same rate the big supermarkets are finding ways to be market-like. There is still a vast amount of knowledge to be discovered, analyzed and added to further understand the effects of local markets on communities.
dirtyandthirty.com
trends + Trends fresh food movement INTRO
Fresh food trends are on the rise all over the country. 2014 was forecasted to have the biggest rise in fresh food purchasing. People are becoming more aware of their health and what is out there. It is trending to use unique foods that have not been seen in everyday meals like kale, quinoa, jackfruit, ginger, and more. This trend is spreading though all ages and is even being implemented by the government. For example, the USDA started an organization to promote healthy food in schools called Farm to School, similar to the Farm to Table concept.
[ diagram from the farmers market coalition ]
current trends 1. "real" food 2. farm to table 3. farm to school 4. eat local 5. less is more 6. cultural cravings 7. viva la veggie
marketing
promoting the market IMPORTANCE
Marketing the market is the foundation of how markets attract customers and ultimately make sales. With markets being set up a little differently then most retail situations the marketing strategy must really be a group effort between the market and vendors. Marketing is done in a variety of ways and it is important to find which way works best for the area the market is located in, the market demographics, and the money resources the market has. The easiest and most cost affective way is by word of mouth. Which has consequently been found to be the most effective strategy. Appalachian Sustainable Agriculture Project (ASAP) has put together a marketing strategy to help markets grow.
give consumers something to talk about
| Quality
| Variety
| Abundance
| Convenience
It is important for markets to seek all means of marketing. Markets have a large demographic so a wide range of marketing strategies are important (e.g. facebook, email, newsletters, posters, radio ads, clothing, etc. It is important that all of these elements stay cohesive and create a strong brand for the market. ASAP put together a strategy know as M.O.P.S. to help markets
m.o.p.s. strategy
m
arketing
paid advertising, print materials, signs + banners
o
utreach
market participation in community activities + events
p
romotion
at-market features; live music, kids activities, demonstrations
s
ocial media
includes website, e-newsletter + social networks
[ list adapted from appalachian sustainable agriculture project ]
attracts
“NOTHING CUSTOMERS MORE THAN WORD OF MOUTH”
effectively
precedent studies
section four
PRECEDENT OVERVIEW overall comparison data
T
he following market precedents were analyzed to determine which market type or hybrids of types would best fit the community of Manhattan. The precedents were chosen for each market type based on their success as a market and overall design solutions.
MARKET TYPES | Pavilion Market | Pop-Up Market | Modular Market | Destination Market | Bazaar Market | Franchise Market | Super-Hybrid Market | Production/Distribution Market The adjacent chart graphically displays the comparison of the market types in attempt to see what market style works best. The comparison looks at a variety of relevant factors for designing a market. Site, hours, and market funding are a few examples. The graph illustrates this by showing how well each component of each market type would work in Manhattan. key Would work Could work Would not work
pavilion
pop-up
Davis Farmers Market
Rosindale Village Market
Davis, California
Boston, Massachusetts
66,205
32,527
Design Team
CO Design
n/a
Date
1994 | 2000
unknown
Market Location Population
Scale Stall Size Site Hours Funding Infrastructure Entertainment
modular
franchise
bazaar
destination Super-hybrid production
Green Market
MarchĂŠ MĂśvenpick
Grand Bazaar Market
Torvehallen Market
Markthal Rotterdam
Your Debalk Farmers Market
Prague, Czech Republic
Jem, Singapore
Istanbul, Turkey
Copenhagen, Denmark
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Decatur, GA
10,512,419
5,399,200
14,160,467
5,627,235
610,386
5,627,235
ED!T Architecture
n/a
Order of Sultan Mehmed
Hans Peter Hagen
MVRDV Architekten
LAI Engineering
2011 - 2013
2013
1455 - 1461
2000 - 2011
2004 - 2014
2012 - 2014
Davis farmers market davis, california, united states
retrieved from google earth
retrieved from google earth
description
Pavilion MARKET
The Davis Farmers Market has been around since the 70’s and quickly became one of the biggest markets in California. 5,000-7,000 people travel from all around to the market every week. The market is open year round on Saturdays and various Wednesdays throughout the year. Overseen by the Davis Farmers Market Association the market has had a waiting list for vendors for the past 15 years. The market is also host to many community activities and festivals.
A pavilion market is a term for an openair market that shelter vendors but leaves wide open space for them to sell their products. Pavilion markets are typically considered jewels to their city and are often small to medium in size.
OVERVIEW LOCATION : central park| davis, california
DATE : 1994 | 2000
POPULATION : 66,205 (2013)
SCALE : 85 vendors
MARKET TYPE : pavilion market
AVERAGE VENDOR STALL : 10’x10’
PROJECT TEAM : co design
DISPLAY : provided by vendor
theaggie.org
REQUIRED SIGNAGE
davisenterprise.com
market branding
12” X 24” producer’s business/farm name and county of origin [ letters must be 2” ]. “Certified organic” should be displayed but only after passing all requirements. Prices must be posted for all items.
davisfarmersmarket.org
anniespickns.wordpress.com
davisfarmersmarket.org
SITE CONDITIONS : city park, roadside, street parking, open grass area
INFRASTRUCTURE : tents, pavilion, park facilities, electricity source unknown
HOURS : saturdays | 8:00-1:00 |year round wednesday | time varies
ENTERTAINMENT : yes | music + activities
FUNDING STRUCTURE : vendor rent
roslindale village farmers market boston, massachusetts, united states
retrieved from google earth
retrieved from google earth
description
Pop-up MARKET
Located in a prominent neighborhood in Boston known as Roslindale Village, the market was started by the Roslindale Village Main Street Board of Direction. The group seeks to bring the community the area. They saw a market as a great opportunity. Working with the local business the market takes place side by side on the main street. The market is a smaller market but brings in multiple visitors and provides entertainment.
A pop-up market is a term that has been coined for retail that pops-up one day and is gone the next without leaving any trace of being there. They are highly mobile with a small footprint. Usually organized by local groups who determine the time and location. The group often provides other types of entertainment and events to accompany the market.
OVERVIEW LOCATION : roslindale village| boston, ma
DATE : unknown
POPULATION : 32,527 (2000)
SCALE : 35 vendors
MARKET TYPE : pop-up market
AVERAGE VENDOR STALL : 10â&#x20AC;&#x2122;x10â&#x20AC;&#x2122;
PROJECT TEAM : n.a.
DISPLAY : provided by vendor
roslindale.net
REQUIRED SIGNAGE
roslindale.net
market branding
Vendor/farm name; farm location; name and location of any secondary product producers. Permits and licenses must be on display at all times of sale. roslindale.net
Prices must be posted for all items.
roslindale.net
SITE CONDITIONS : park, roadside, no parking in park, open grass area HOURS : saturdays | 9:00 - 1:30 june - november
INFRASTRUCTURE : access to electricity only provided pre-arrangments, not available on rainy days. vendor tents must be 40lbs minimum per leg. no vehicles during market.
FUNDING STRUCTURE : vendor rent
ENTERTAINMENT : yes | music + activities
green market
praha, pardubice, hradec králové, aberdeen
retrieved from google earth
editarchitects.com
description
modular MARKET
When approached by Zelené Trhy for a modular market, Edit! Architects wanted to focus on the relationship that is made with the vendor and the consumer. Which in theory would increase sales. They wanted to look at a new way to organize a market. A major concern throughout the design was security. The systems needed to be secure and closed off when not in use. Thus Green Market was formed. All display functions and chalkboard surfaces are included within, as well as an overhead canopy and as easily refinished exterior.
A modular market is a term for a market that is just that, modular. They are meant to be structured and flexible. Adaptable for different sites and configurations [image shown under marketing] they can be used at all different sizes and types of city markets. Often based on the selected cities climate, needs, and preferred aesthetics
OVERVIEW LOCATION : prague, czech republic
DATE : 2011 - 2013
POPULATION : 10,512,419 (2011)
SCALE : varies | fit together to add/sub.
MARKET TYPE : modular market
AVERAGE VENDOR STALL : 10’x10’
PROJECT TEAM : edit! architecture
DISPLAY : custom table + boxes in stall
editarchitects.com
REQUIRED SIGNAGE
editarchitects.com
market branding
Varies on vendor within space. Chalkboard wall on the inside for vendor to display any appropriate information. editarchitecs.com
editarchitecs.com
SITE CONDITIONS : varies on site, current state - no cars, cobblestone HOURS : varies on site FUNDING STRUCTURE : vendor rent or could be purchased by vendor for personal use
INFRASTRUCTURE : â&#x20AC;&#x153;urban wardrobe,â&#x20AC;? materiality varies, electricity dependent on site, can be arranged for private structure within multiple units ENTERTAINMENT : varies on site
Markthal Rotterdam rotterdam, the netherlands
retrieved from google earth
mvrdv.nl
description
super- hybrid MARKET
Just like all the other major European cities, Rotterdam wanted a indoor market. They did not just want a regular market thought, they wanted a hybrid. Ultimately a multi-use building including: 100 fresh produce units, 15 food shops, 8 restaurants, 228 apartments and 1,200 parking places within the 1 market hall. The market recently opened at the beginning of October. The expected number of visitors per year is 7 million.
A super hybrid market is a large, permanent structure. It is typically put together by a large group. It is a large economic factor for the community. It is a permanent structure and houses more than just a market. It could include housing, shopping, and other public facilities.
OVERVIEW LOCATION : rotterdam, the netherlands
DATE : 2004 - 2014
POPULATION : 610,386 (2011)
SCALE : 100 fresh market stalls
MARKET TYPE : super hybrid market
AVERAGE VENDOR STALL : 10’x10’ 10’x20’
PROJECT TEAM : mvrdv architekten
DISPLAY : custom table + boxes in stall
mvrdv.nl
REQUIRED SIGNAGE
mvrdv.nl
market branding
Vendor signage required on existing structure. Prices must be posted for all items.
pers.markthal.nl
SITE CONDITIONS : heart of rotterdam, parking surrounding buildings
INFRASTRUCTURE : 10 story building, open hall for market, on site utilities
HOURS : 7 days a week | 9:00 - 8:00 pm
ENTERTAINMENT : yes
FUNDING STRUCTURE : vendor rent
.. Marche Movenpick jem, singapore
retrieved from google earth
marche-movenpick.com
description
franchise market
Marché Mövenpick is the collaboration of two companies to start a franchise market that would carry local, fresh, organic foods for purchase. They take it a step further incorporating a restaurant that cooks with the fresh food for customers. A hybrid of urbanity and nature was key. The design concept focused on the consumer feeling at home, in their garden, or even a friends home. The use of natural materials helped stay true to the concept. This holds true in their locations around the world, including Zürich, Raffles, and Hanover.
A franchise market is a brand of markets that are located all over the world. Although differing in each location they keep a common goal, serving only organic, only local, etc. Customers are drawn to franchises because they are familiar with goods sold and know that they can be trusted.
OVERVIEW LOCATION : jem, singapore
DATE : 2013
POPULATION : 5,399,200 (2013)
SCALE : varies | medium to large spaces
MARKET TYPE : franchise market
AVERAGE VENDOR STALL : n/a
PROJECT TEAM : unknown
DISPLAY : retail display cases + counters
marche-movenpick.com
REQUIRED SIGNAGE
marche-movenpick.com
market branding
Franchise signage required on existing structure. Prices must be posted for all items.
marche-movenpick.com
Food origin must be posted.
marche-movenpick.com
www.jem.sg
SITE CONDITIONS : retail commercial spaces | urban + suburban locations
INFRASTRUCTURE : all utilities on site | located in multi-use or big box buildings
HOURS : 7 days a week | 9:00 am - 9:00 pm
ENTERTAINMENT : activities + events
FUNDING STRUCTURE : franchise corporation
torvehallen Market københavn, denmark
retrieved from google earth
politiken.dk
description
destination warehouse
Dating back to 1889 Torvehallerne is now visited by over 60,000 people a week, making it one of the biggest food markets. The market focuses on providing its consumers with a diverse range of food and products. Freshness and direct contact with the producer is of the up most importance to the market. Reopening as a glass covered warehouse market in 2011 the market still mixes permanent and pop-up structure. The main goal was to create an environment full of life and color.
Destination warehouse markets are designed with year round openings in mind. Either located in pre-existing warehouses, a collection of overhead roofs, or new buildings. These can either be fully or semi-encolosed. The buildings are meant to be flexible in the amount of vendors and stall spaces. Often located in city centers and close to public transportation.
OVERVIEW LOCATION : copenhagen, denmark
DATE : 2000 - 2011
POPULATION : 5,627,235 (2014)
SCALE : 60+ market stalls
MARKET TYPE : destination warehouse
AVERAGE VENDOR STALL : 10’x10’ 10’x20’
PROJECT TEAM : hans peter hagen
DISPLAY : permanent + mobile modules
torvehallernekbh.dk
REQUIRED SIGNAGE
torvehallernekbh.dk
market branding
Vendor stall number. Prices must be posted for all items. Origin of foods. pers.markthal.nl flicker.com
torvehallernekbh.dk
SITE CONDITIONS : heart of copenhagen, adjacent to public transit
torvehallernekbh.dk
HOURS : M-Th 10:00-7:00 pm | F-Sun. varies
INFRASTRUCTURE : two market halls and outdoor square, on-site utilities, underground terminal for hygienic waste disposal
FUNDING STRUCTURE : vendor rent
ENTERTAINMENT : yes
Your dekalb farmers market decatur, georgia, united states
retrieved from google earth
bobgreenbergphotography.
description
production market
The Dekalb Farmers Market began in 1977 as a small produce stand and today is a 140,000 sq. ft. world market. The market serves up tp 100,000 people per week. They specialize in direct shipments of fresh food, keeping the warehouse and distribution cost down. Freshness and organic food selections are important to Dekalb. They sell to restaurateurs, caterers, wholesale food purveyors, and retail stores at wholesale prices.
A production market is a market type for large production of goods for distribution not only to individuals but more importantly restaurants, grocery stores, and other large bidders. Usually located in industrial districts, operating 24/7 for production, but also having regular business hours.
OVERVIEW LOCATION : decatur, georgia
DATE : 2012 - 2014 (expansion)
POPULATION : 20,086 (2013)
SCALE : large building structure
MARKET TYPE : production market
AVERAGE VENDOR STALL : n/a
PROJECT TEAM : lai engineering
DISPLAY : display counters/shelves/cases
dekalbfarmersmarket.com
clatl.com
REQUIRED SIGNAGE
market branding
Permanent aisle and zone signage. Permanent exterior and interior business building signage. Prices must be posted for all items.
yelp.com
inmytummy.com
Origin of food must be posted for all items.
SITE CONDITIONS : proximity to shipping
industrial
district,
HOURS : normal business hours - 24/7 FUNDING STRUCTURE : wholesale
INFRASTRUCTURE : warehouse building, on-site utilities ENTERTAINMENT : no
The grand Bazaar istanbul, turkey
retrieved from google earth
skyscrapercity.com
description
bazaar market
The Grand Bazaar is one of the largest covered markets in the world. Since its construction in the 13th Century the bazaar has been a vital trade center. The bazaar takes up a large area of the city, it has four main gates located on two major streets. Today it is a main attraction for tourists, attracting 250,000 400,000 visitors a day. A vast amount of vendors occupy the bazaar, including jewelry, coins, leather, spices and much more. This is where the bazaar tradition of bargaining began.
A bazaar market is a permanent enclosed marketplace or a street of shops. Bazaar markets originated in the Middle East and has since spread across the world. It runs on the selling and trading of goods. The goods range from spices, food, jewelry, tapestries, and much more. Traditional bazaars are large, sometimes taking over a full neighborhood, and open 6-7 days a week. Newer bazaars are sometimes small and even temporary, seasonal for example.
OVERVIEW LOCATION : istanbul, turkey
DATE : 1455-1461
POPULATION : 14,160,467 (2014)
SCALE : 60 streets, 5,000 shops
MARKET TYPE : bazaar market
AVERAGE VENDOR STALL : varies
PROJECT TEAM : by order of sultan mehmed
DISPLAY : custom table + boxes in stall
seattlestravels.com
REQUIRED SIGNAGE
travelphotogallery.net
market branding
None specified. Product signage indicating information and prices used at vendors digression.
istanbultrails.com
SITE CONDITIONS : two mosques, four fountians, two hamams, and several cafes and restaurants HOURS : Mon-Sat | 9:00 am - 7:00 pm FUNDING STRUCTURE : vendor rent
ottsworld.com
INFRASTRUCTURE : all utilities on-site (if any), small street shops, large complexes ENTERTAINMENT : no
considerations + section five guidelines
ACOUSTICS + Ventilation a hybrid of indoor and outdoor spaces importance With a farmers market being a hybrid of indoor and outdoor spaces, each situation is handled a little differently when it comes to acoustics and ventilation. The acoustics of the structural building will be more important but will also be a factor outdoors to make sure the area will not exceed the city sound limitations. This will be especially important for the incorporated entertainment areas. Ventilation is another factor to consider. On hot summer days, during the prime of the market, ventilation will be key for comfort levels of the workers as well as the consumers at the market. Especially when dealing with food, ventilation is vital to keep fresh air moving through the space. If the air is to become stagnant there can also become issues with the safety of the food.
Concave and convex solutions are best for musical properties of an entrainment area. The importance will be containing the sound with a certain area and positioning the direction of the sound. ventilation Natural air ventilation will be key for the market in both the interior and exterior spaces. The placement of booths, walls, and large structures will be taken into account. Natural ventilation allows for better air quality and an increase in energy efficiency. There are two main types of ventilation to consider: cross and stack. The following ventilation diagrams and taken from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
ACOUSTICS The two most important spaces within the proposed farmers market having to deal with acoustics will be the existing building, which was previously a grocery store and the entertainment area which will likely deal with high intensity of sounds. For the interiors there are the obvious solutions such as acoustical ceiling tiles but some other surface applied solutions for a building structure like a grocery store include, cloud panels, drop ceilings, and wood elements.
stack ventilation [ maximum performance when inlet + outlet areas are equal, and minimum stack height is 11 feet ]
convex cross ventilation [ maximum performance when inlet + outlet are placed at diagonal in both plan + section ]
concave [ diagrams adapted from Urban Acupuncture ]
Although construction and roof type will be key, these natural methods will not always be an option. Secondary sources will help with the flow of air such as industrial fans and operable walls.
materials
components for selection importance While aesthetics are important for the user and bystanderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s comfort levels and evoked emotions, materiality of a structure or product goes way beyond visual stimulus. With a large part of farmers markets taking place outdoors the durability of the materials and finishes play a large role in the selections. With the proposed market location in Manhattan, KS the importance of this is even more significant with the drastic changes in weather conditions. Using local materials that will withstand the weather conditions will be a vital step which will also attribute to the sustainability factor. The following is a list gathered by the American Society of Landscape Architects and a compiled list of material examples that looks at a sustainable way to integrate the built
environment with the site design while keeping the aesthetics, durability and functionality of the materials in mind.
Components when selecting materials:
| Aesthetics
| Durability | Functionality Companies, like Landscape Forms, have done an immense amount of research to find what materials are durable, low maintenance, economical, and made from earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s resources. The top materials Landscape Forms uses in their products are steel and aluminum, wood and recycled plastics.
sustainable : low impact materials Permeable Materials
[ provides natural filtration, decrease heat island effect ]
Certified Woods
[ preserves forests, natural, treated with non-toxic coatings ]
pervious pavement interlocking concrete pavement smartwood forest stewardship council
Reclaimed + Recycled Local Materials
[ supports local, saves energy, reduces waste + emissions ]
Recycled Content
[ reduces waste, energy + pollution, tend to last longer ]
Reflective Materials
[ reduces energy costs, last longer, radiate heat + stay cool ]
limestone sand + gravel clay + shale structural steel corrugated mixed paper recycling containers cool roof aluminum sheets
Adhesive, Paints, Coatings + Sealants
[ low-voc, increase air quality, reduce toxic control expense]
green seal product stewardship institute
COLOR PSYCHOLOGY
relating to marketing and food stimuli importance Color psychology has proved imperative when designing spaces and marketing products. Humans are wired to have different reactions to different colors. The sight of food alone immediately fires neurons in the brain. When it comes to food a general rule is people are more comfortable eating and more likely to purchase it when it is a natural color. People are turned away from and tend to have a suppressed appetite by colors that are not found in nature. The following information is a brief overview on the importance of color pertaining to a marketplace.
87%
OF CONSUMERS PURCHASE PRODUCTS BASED ON COLOR
BEHIND THE COLOR
color
, unspoiled by meaning + unallied â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mere with definite form, can speak to the in a thousand different ways.â&#x20AC;? -oscar wilde
soul
GREEN a relaxing color, it is often associated with growth + health
YELLOW a cheerful + warm color, but decreases consumers stay
RED an eye catching color + appetite stimulant
PURPLE
PURCHASES BASED ON
a calming, decadent, color but an appetite suppressant
BLUE
Appreance 93%
a serene color linked with loyalty but an appetite suppressant
BROWN a comforting, neutral, color, associated with earth
BLACK
Texture 6% Smell/Sound 1%
52%
OF CONSUMERS DID NOT RETURN TO A STORE BASED ON AESTHETICS
[ statistics from wepagefx, psychology of color infographic ]
a positive + negative color, contrast well with bright colors
GREY works well with the entire spectrum, a great base color
WHITE a clean + pure color, but decreases consumers stay
color
wheel
neutrals
LIGHTING SOLUTIONS
a hybrid between indoor and outdoor spaces IMPORTANCE Lighting is another example of design solution needing to be treated differently in each area but finding the hybrid of interior and exterior spaces being well and equally light. The lighting of a space should help set the mood and evoke emotion within a person. food lighting Farmers markets revolve around food; the display of the food is imperative for sale. Consumers do not want to purchase food that looks discolored. Everyone is naturally attracted to fresh food. It is important to illuminate food at the market so that it looks its best. This could be different for every type of food, displayed in the chart of the facing page. The best solution is always natural lighting and supermarkets strive to illuminate their spaces to create a natural light environment. The lighting solutions will also play hand and hand with the finish color selections. Even if the right color temperature is selected but the wrong light is installed the appearance could be worse and vice versa. exterior Lighting The exterior will obviously be reliant on the natural daylighting for the majority of the day, but artificial lighting will also be necessary for overcast days and nights for general illumination and safety precautions. The city of Manhattan street lights are already exist on site but adding additional lights could be helpful to adequately light the area. This could be done with multiple solutions including LED flood lights, additional lamp posts, and LED area lights. WHY USE NATURAL DAYLIGHTING?
| Saves Money | Renders Colors Better | Reduces Maintenance | Convenience | Makes People Happy [ daylighting list + statistics gathered from solatube ]
94%
CAN BE SAVED ON LIGHTING ENERGY BILLS WITH USE OF DAYLIGHTING
interior lighting Natural illumination solutions that can be used in interior spaces include skylights, clerestory windows and operable walls/windows. The quality of the natural light is another large factor in lighting the space. Artificial lighting within the building is also a factor. Depending on the functions within the building, the solutions will be similar to grocery stores and other retail spaces. The following list was put together by GE:
SIGN LIGHTING provide wayfinding + store opening OUTDOOR LIGHTING first impression + sense of security ACCENT + FEATURE DISPLAY LIGHTING pinpoint items + provide clarity REFRIGERATED DISPLAY LIGHTING properly light merchandise ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING set the mood + create ambiance AMBIENT LIGHTINGS emphasize product shape, color + texture HIGH BAY LIGHTING optimize light for comfort SPECIALTY LIGHTING tight spaces, decorative + specific settings
philips lighting fresh food led solutions
Meat
Fish
Fruits + Vegetables
Cheese
Breads + Pastries
Wine
rose traditional, meat discoloration reduction
fresh meat natural cool setting
authentic white natural setting
natural setting
natural setting
traditional warm setting
traditional warm setting
traditional warm setting
champagne
frost natural cool setting
[ adapted from philips lighting fresh food infographic ]
traditional warm setting
SIGNAGE + WAYFINDING making the market successful
importance Signage and wayfinding is a large factor to a successful farmers market. A direct correlation has been seen between the number of signs and the amount of sales. This includes not only wayfinding sings but also point-of-purchase sings. Consumers rely on both signage and wayfinding for a pleasant experience at the market. It is important for signs to stay consistent with font, logo, and information. In order to develop a brand. They should be easily readable, with a clear and concise message and should be located at a height and distance that can be easily seen and read. The following list was put together by Virginia Cooperative Extension to help farmers markets create an effective marketing strategy.
1. Read from 3-5 ft. AWAY 2. EDUCATION + PRICE
3. SECURE + DURABLE
Since the Market is located in an urban setting that has a direct relationship with the city the signs should define a sense of place and enhance and support the community. Also due to its location, it is important that signage and wayfinding starts appearing in the surrounding areas and continues to grow in prominence as a consumer nears the site. People rely on wayfinding to know where to park, where facilities are located, etc. GENERAL DESIGN GUIDELINES for signage Besides the overall importance of readability, clarity, and consistency of signage, the following are general guidelines for design that will help improve the experience of the farmers market. In order for signs to be clear and concise they must keep, color, font, size, location, education and more in mind. Color psychology plays a large role in the signage, and the same principles exist and are important to consider. Using the correct font
helps a sign be effective. The font should be easy to read and words should not be easy to confuse or misread. The words and symbols chosen for the sign are also important. Customers should not be confused on a price of an item or where it is from. Many farmers markets have strict guidelines pertaining to the signage of sell-able items. Although the guidelines vary from market to market they must be followed. Markets typically have signs of all shapes and sizes, from informational banners to pricing stakes. Using the appropriate type of sign, regarding sign and location, is another important factor. Signs should be located within a persons line of sight and fit the environment. For example, in environments with high ceilings, hanging banners work well. Overall, understanding the customer is key. GENERAL DESIGN GUIDELINES for WAYFINDING Wayfinding is vital to a personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s understanding of their environment, experience, and overall enjoyment. Although, diverse in scale, wayfinding deals more with the overall area of the market, the paths, functions and more. The American Society of Landscape Architects found when going somewhere the first three things a person looks for is:
1. ENTRANCE
2. PARKING
3. ARRIVAL
A person must be able to easily locate and navigate these first three steps with ease and comfort. Wayfinding should also be located within a persons line of sight. Wayfinding methods are also more diverse. It could include a street sign showing the way to the market or a restroom sign. Following ADA rules and guidelines regarding wayfinding are an important aspect to make the market a functional and usable space.
existing signage + wayfinding examples
Banners can come in many shapes+ sizes. Usually made from a durable material, great for indoors + outdoors. Banner give information for the market, event, or used as a separator between areas. Excellent for high spaces.
Street light banners are effective in the surrounding areas or even the city of the market to give general information + promote the markets existence in the community and should be eye catching. themanchestermirror.com
street light banner
blog.gobigbanners.com
Stake signs were originally used to stake into the ground. Farmers markets use them in that manner but can often be found in merchandise to give price + other information. Laminated signs allow signs to be changed easily. These are also made in any shape + size.
Sidewalk signs are used in a variety of manners at the market. Some markets use them to direct parking [pictured] while others use them to promote the market or list prices + information of merchandise. Should be easily visible + not hidden by other items flickr.com
sidewalk sign
taken by rachael mayhill
Chalkboard signs are popular at markets because they can easily be changed from day to day or week to week. They can come in many forms. For example, sidewalk signs are often seen with this function gotidbits.com/austin/eden-east
chalkboard signage
street sign
stake signage
Structural sign are permanent signs that let viewers know the location of the market year round. Usually, large and visible from a greater distance. They are sometimes lite or have spot lights. en.wikipedia.org
Street signs are an effective way in directing consumers to the direction of the market from the road. Often in conjunction with the city these signs follow the aesthetics of other city street signs. taken by rachael mayhill
banner
structural sign
Building signs are similar to structural signs in permanence. They let visitors know the function of a building or area. Often large and able to be seen from a greater distance. taken by rachael mayhill
building sign
Requirements + section six Codes
ergonomics + Anthprometrics for farm workers
importance Ergonomics is a very important factor within a farmers market. It plays an especially large role for the workers of the market. The goal is to make sure workers do not injure themselves or push themselves too far. The human body has limitations and ergonomics is the science that tries to find the best movements that work for the body. The following information is taken directly from the CDC’s “Simple Solutions: Ergonomics for Farm Workers.
1. Avoid placing needed tools or other items
2. Position items that are used often within 17
inches of the worker.
3.
Position items that are used often close to the worker
Guidelines for lifting
GUIDELINES for handwork above shoulder height.
GUIDELINES for handwork
When movements are repeated over and over, as in picking or weeding, allow enough time in between for adequate recovery, by having the worker alternate with a lowrepetition task. For example, a worker who performs a high repetition weeding task should be given other tasks that don’t require repetitive hand motions, like carrying the finished boxes to the loading area.
4. Provide seated jobs. Sitting down while
working reduces the strain on the lower back and legs. Standing causes legs to swell (more than walking does). The best jobs are ones that allow workers to do different types of work, changing from sitting to standing to walking and back again.
5. Allow foot and knee clearances for both standing and sitting workers, so they can get close to the work.
6. Provide floor mats for standing work stations, to reduce fatigue.
7. For standing work, use the proper work station height.
1. Keep lifts between hand level and shoulder level. Avoid lifts from the floor or over shoulder level.
2. Provide handles on containers. 3. Redesign loads so they can be lifted close to the body.
4. Provide dollies, pallet trucks, or utility carts for objects that have to be carried more than a few feet. Provide roller conveyors for bags or boxes of vegetables or chemicals that are handled often. This will reduce the amount of lifting.
5. Keep bag or box weight below 50 lbs. Or
use the NIOSH Lifting Equation to determine an acceptable weight. See the Resources section for information on the Lifting Equation. GUIDELINES for stooped work
1. Redesign the job to avoid stooped work:
Attach long handles to tools. (For an example, see pages 9-10.)
2. Provide stools. (For an example, see pages 15-16.)
3. If stooped work is required, provide employees
with other short tasks that require walking or sitting
Guidelines for lifting
Lifting from a good height, between waster + shoulder level
Better-designed load: Handles are provided and the load is closer to the body
2035 gUIDELINES
pretaining to the farmers market IMPORTANCE
The following are excerpts from the Manahttan Urban Area Comprehensive Plan November 2014 update (the comprehensive is still in draft form). The excerpts are guidelines, strategies, or goals that pretian or relate to the design and development of Manhattan Farmers Market.
UR-8: Urban Roadway Design Neighborhood streets and access roads should follow the natural contours of topographic features to minimize slope disturbances, maximize scenic views, conserve natural features and vegetation, and ensure roadway grades are suitable for emergency vehicles. Provide access management along arterial and collector streets to limit the number of curb-cuts and maintain carrying capacity and safety. UR-5: Supporting Uses in Activity Nodes Cluster non-residential neighborhood support uses within planned activity nodes, not scattered throughout a neighborhood. Ensure the design of thesesupporting uses, which include retail, is compatible service commercial, and with the character and scale of the surrounding neighborhood and located according to policies for Neighborhood Commercial Centers. UR-6: Preservation of Natural Features Use innovative site planning to maximize the preservation of natural features, including mature stands of trees, wetlands, drainages, or ridgelines, as open space amenitiesthat serve features. as identifying or character Integrate protected natural features as active and passive open space and/or trail corridors to serve and enhance connections between neighborhoods and the broader community.
GM-1.1D: Infill + Redevelopment Encourage and redevelopment in areas where deteriorated or obsolete structures have become detrimental to an area, where new uses can be accommodated on vacant properties, and in areas that have been for redevelopment, such as the Central Core District or areas designated for Residential High Density or Urban Core Residential adjacent to the KSU campus. and redevelopment opportunities may range in size from a single residential lot to multiple contiguous blocks within a neighborhood or commercial area. Design and redevelopment in a manner that is sensitive to the character of the surrounding area, where applicable (such as in an area that is adjacent to an established residential neighborhood); however, in areas where more detailed plans are already in place, and redevelopment should the vision and character of the adopted Neighborhood or District level plans for the area in question. NRE-2.1A: Green Infrastructure Use a variety of methods—both public and private—to facilitate the creation of a continuous, permanent, system of open space corridors using natural features such as preserved open space areas, drainages, streams, and rivers to the extent possible. Continue to expand the Linear Trail and other trail and open space corridors that will ultimately link key destinations in the Manhattan Urban Area. Prioritize improvements and linkages to greenways, open space, and trails in areas that are underserved (see Parks and Recreation Service Areas Map) or areas where “missing links” can be readily addressed either as standalone projects or as part of other public improvement projects. UCR-5: Design Standards Develop design standards tailored to address the unique characteristics of Urban Core Residential uses—full lot coverage, structured parking, taller heights and increased visibility from multiple vantage points—recognizing that the urban character of these uses will demand a
approach to ensure densities can be achieved. In general, place the greatest emphasis on the design at the street level to retain a pedestrianoriented character. Avoid plain, monolithic structures or blank walls on the backs or sides of buildings and incorporate high quality exterior materials.
and sides of buildings, or front and rear, rather than solely in front of buildings to the extent possible; • Consider shared parking opportunities; and • Provide clear pedestrian connections with generous sidewalk widths, low-level lighting, and outdoor gathering spaces.
UCR-6: Parking Location + Design Integrate structured parking garages and screened tuck-under parking with the overall design of the building they are intended to serve. The incorporation of active uses, such as retail, into the ground of freestanding parking structures included as part of multi-block developments is strongly encouraged where viable based on market demand and visibility.
CMU-5: Community Facilities Incorporate plazas, libraries, parks, and open space, and other community facilities, into centers where appropriate to serve the needs of neighborhood residents. Encourage creative approaches to the design of community facilities in centers to reinforce the more compact nature of their surroundings and integrate them with other uses. Support shared use facilities (e.g. library/coffee shop/community meeting rooms) and increase as a means to promote hours of activity. Manhattan Urban Area Comprehensive Plan 47 D.
UCR-7: Pedestrian + Bicycle Orientation Provide clear pedestrian and bicycle connections with generous sidewalk widths and low-level lighting in areas with high pedestrian and bicycle activity. Provide secure bicycle parking for residents that is integrated with the overall design of the building, typically in the form of a storage room that is accessed from building common areas or an exterior entrance. CMU-3: Promote a High Quality Urban Environment Promote a high quality urban environment in commercial and mixed-use developments, as expressed by site layout, building materials and design, landscaping, parking area design, and pedestrian-oriented facilities, such as through use of design guidelines. CMU-4: Pedestrian Access + Orientation Design Commercial/Mixed-Use sites with an emphasis on the character and safety of the pedestrian realm: • Bring buildings close to the street; • Avoid uninterrupted expanses of parking and organize larger parking lots as a series of smaller blocks divided by landscaping and pedestrian walkways; • Distribute parking areas between the front
CCD-2: Infill + Redevelopment Encourage targeted development and/ or redevelopment to take advantage of underutilized areas such as large surface parking lots, help enhance the overall mix of uses, and enhance the continued revitalization of the Central Core District. Encourage and redevelopment that is in keeping with the historic character and scale of the Downtown Historic District. CCD-3: Rehabilitation + Adaptive Reuse Encourage the rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of existing underutilized structures, particularly along Poyntz Avenue in the Downtown core. Support the continued adaptation of existing spaces in the and 48 Manhattan Urban Area Comprehensive Plan DRAFTManhattan Town Center and on surrounding pad sites to meet changing market preferences and the needs of the community. CCD-5: Outdoor Seating Support the provision of outdoor dining and seating areas along the sidewalk edge,
cityofmhk.com
particularly in the Downtown core, to create activity along the street. PFS-2.2C: Code Enforcement Adopt and enforce updated construction and property maintenance codes as applicable. Consider expanding the applicability of relevant construction and property maintenance codes and inspections to areas that may be annexed in the future through a collaborative process. MATS-1.1A: Transportation system performance Regularly measure and assess benchmarks and indicators of transportation system performance for all modes. Implement projects, plans, programs or policies to optimize system performance. MATS-1.1B: Pedestrian Transportation System Promote walking as a primary form of transportation. Provide and maintain a system of sidewalks that provide needed continuity, promote safety and pedestrian comfort, and accommodate the communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s range of user types. Where pedestrians share facilities with other modes (e.g., trails), provide for safe and pleasant pedestrian operations. Where with other modes (e.g. street pedestrians crossings), minimize pedestrian exposure and design for pedestrian convenience and safety. Promote safe and accessible connections for pedestrians between facilities and between modes. MATS-1.1C: Bicycle Transportation System Promote bicycling as a primary form of transportation. Provide and maintain a system of bikeways and associated bicycle infrastructure that provide needed continuity, promotes safety, and accommodates the communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s range of user types. Where bicycles share facilities with other modes (e.g., on-street bikeways, trails), provide for safe and comfortable bicycle operations. Where bicycles with other modes (e.g. street crossings), design for bicyclist safety, visibility, and comfort. Promote safe and accessible connections for bicyclists between facilities and between modes.
76 Manhattan Urban Area Comprehensive Plan MATS-1.1F: Residential Street Design Provide and maintain residential streets that promote safety, comfort and convenience, and that preserve a high quality of life. Regularly review neighborhood control policies and practices, and adjust when necessary to respond to community needs and national practices. HN-3.1C: Local Food Systems Support existing agricultural operations and the development of personal gardening and local food systems (such as community gardens, farmers markets, shared commercial kitchens, and food cooperatives/retailers) to expand access to healthy food options. Encourage public and private schools to allow community gardens and demonstration projects on school property and continue to support opportunities for farmers markets in Downtown and other activity centers. HN-3.1A: Pedestrian and Bicycle Networks Enhance options for active transportation, such as pedestrian and bicycle travel. Ensure that sidewalks, trails, and bicycle improvements are provided as development occurs, and prioritize the construction of missing links to connect bicycle and pedestrian facilities, and calming mechanisms in areas.
bibliography
sources research
community | economy
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Niron, Ilgin "The Importance of Environmental Graphic Design in Human Life and its Affection", Izmir University of Economics, 2009. Matherne Hall, Christie. "Farmers' Marketing." Country Roads, June 1, 2014. Peabody, Mary. “The Art & Science of Farmers’ Market Display.” University of Vermont Extension, 2009. Accessed September 30, 2014. Walker, Alissa. "How Design Can Help Farmers' Markets Feed a Growing Demand." GOOD Magazine. August 11, 2009. Accessed September 11, 2014.
food | health
Albrecht, Julie. Food Safety for Farmer’s Market Vendors. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension, 2007. “Healthy Eating | Surgeon General.” US Department of Health and Human Services. Accessed September 17, 2014.
Lindholm, Kat. “You Are What You Eat: Why Food Insecurity Is a Public Health Issue.” North Texas Food Bank. September 2, 2014. Accessed September 7, 2014. markets
Alonzo, Anne. "Thousands of Reasons to Celebrate National Farmers Market Week,” USDA Blog. August 4, 2014. Accessed September 10, 2014. Kurtzleben, Danielle. "Farmers Market Boom Is Leveling Off." US News. August 7, 2013. Accessed September 10, 2014. “Torvehallerne KBH - About.” Torvehallerne KBH. Accessed August 26, 2014. Psychology | Social
Allen, John S. "The Farmers Market as Mood Enhancer : Reasons Why Shopping at the Farmers Market Makes People Feel Better." Psychology Today. June 2, 2012. Accessed September 30, 2014. Allen, John S. "The Farmers Market as Mood Enhancer : Reasons Why Shopping at the Farmers Market Makes People Feel Better." Psychology Today. June 2, 2012. Accessed September 30, 2014. Wasmer Andrews, Linda. "Four Brain Benefits From the Farmers' Market." Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness Find a Therapist. July 16, 2012. Accessed September 30, 2014.