ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN STUDIO Primary School Design Instructor : Ar. Shoumik Desai
Rachana Bhandarkar Semester 8 | Spring 2021 | NU17UAR020 Nitte Institute of Architecture
PRIMARY SCHOOL
A fresh start Amidst the chaos of the pandemic We were given the task of designing a school which is not only aesthetic, Packed with sustainable cooling techniques it had to be The project really did challenge me. The thought of happy kids playing around kept me going And the design slowly started growing, After numerous breakdowns came some relief When I finally came up with something that met the design brief. The thought of having such big towers in my design did seem absurd But my thoughts changed when it’s advantages I heard. Slowly began the process of adding more techniques Like green roofs, landscape and checking all the leaks. Right orientation, aspect ratio and insulation was the solution To a nearly perfect design that would make significant contributions Towards sustainability and energy efficiency. That would create a building with self sufficiency Days passed, weeks passed All the discomfort we surpassed And successfully designed a school Which isn’t only aesthrtic but also ‘cool’.
07/06/2021
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
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CONTENTS
PRIMARY SCHOOL
07/06/2021
01
Introduction to the site
02
Site and Climate Analysis
03
Design Conception
04
Detail Drawings
05
Water Cycle
06
References
Site analysis, area statements and basic analysis of the site.
Detail climate analysis, selection of passive startegies.
Zoning, Massing, Space functions and conceptual sketches of the spaces to be included.
Plans, sections and elevations of the building
Understanding the ways to save water based on the water consumption.
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
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PRIMARY SCHOOL
PROJECT INFO :
Design of an unconventional open school for primary kids from standard 1 to standard 5. The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design.
Composite Temperature : 25 - 34 degree celsius Rainfall : 970mm
SIT E AREA
:
Built Up area : 2554 sq.m
BUILDING T Y PO LOGY
:
Institutional - Primary School
N O. O F ST U DEN T S
:
No. of boys : 400 No. of girls : 400 Total : 800
SITE ANALYSIS : DIMENSIONS The below map shows the dimensions of the site, and the area of the entire site is approximately 15000 sq.m.
ACCESIBILITY The site is well connected on all four sides, with the NH7 on the east and a service road connecting it to the main road.
SETBACKS According to the by laws, the minimum setback to be maintained are 5m on all sides.
.6
SE
78
Bettahalasur is town in Bangalore Urban district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Bettahalasur was known for stone quarrying but recently the quarrying activity has been stopped. The site is surrounded by residential area on three sides and The NH 7 on one side.
SITE
SITE
N AT
ION
AL
HIG
HW
RE SID EN TIA L
168
160
S I T E A R EA 15000sq.m
AY
7
40
13
SI TE
AD
:
RO
C L IMAT E
E
Bangalore, India
The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design
IC
:
CONTOURS The contours on the site are slightly sloping downwards towards the south.
RV
LOCATION
SITE DETAILS
42.7
B E T TA
H
CROS ALSUR
D S ROA
Tw o w a y a cc e ss ro a d O n e w a y a cc e ss ro a d
INFERENCE : Bettahalasur is town in Bangalore Urban district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Bettahalasur was known for stone quarrying but recently the quarrying activity has been stopped. The site is surrounded by residential area on three sides and The NH 7 on one side. 07/06/2021
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
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PRIMARY SCHOOL
CLIMATE DETAILS :
The graphs below show the monthly weather averages over the year.
The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design
Temperature Range | Source - Climate Consultant Avg Daily (F)
Avg Daily Low (F)
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
DESIGN STRATEGIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER : 100% comfortable hours using the following design strategies can be acheived.
Avg Daily High (F)
100
75
50
25
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Oct
Nov
Dec
Radiation Range | Source - Climate Consultant Avg Daily High (Btu/sq.ft)
Avg Daily Low (Btu/sq.ft)
400
300
200
100
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Total Surface Radiation
Source : Climate consultant
INFERENCES :
Adding of layers of insulation to provide thermal comfort within the building. Incorporporating sunshades, and suitable projections enough shading 1 can be provided.
07/06/2021
From the Psychrometric chart we arrive with the following Design strategies which help in maintaining the comfort zone of both the building as well as humans.
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
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PRIMARY SCHOOL
07/06/2021
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
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PRIMARY SCHOOL
MASSING :
The massing has been done in such a way that there is maximum accessibility to all the spaces and the creation of thermally comfortable spaces id possible.
MASSING AND ZONING
MASSING :
The massing has been done in such a way that there is maximum accessibility to all the spaces and the creation of thermally comfortable spaces id possible.
The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design
B
PARKING
A
SERVICES
A’
SERVICES
CLASSROOMS AUDITORIUM
MASSING :
The massing has been done in such a way that there is maximum accessibility to all the spaces and the creation of thermally comfortable spaces id possible.
ADMIN
AY
7
WORKSHOP
ION
AL
HIG
HW
CANTEEN
N AT
Stairways and toilets oriented to the east and west inorder to minimize on the heat gain.
GREEN SPACE
Placement of blocks in such a way that classrooms recieve least amount of noise.
FFL +3.45 m
BET
TA H
AL
3
9
15m
Cl a s s rooms
L i b ra r y
Ad mi n
Op e n S p a c e
Works h op s
Corri d or
S t a ff rooms
Aud i t ori um
Internal courtyard that provides cool air through courtyard effect.
GFL +0.45 m A S RO
0
Internal green spaces to promote communication and acts as parking spots too.
PARKING
S CRO SUR
B’
D
S e c t i on AA’ EN
A TR
NC
E
S e c t i on B B’ 0
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Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
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9
15m
7
PRIMARY SCHOOL
FORM :
The form of the design should be derived to result in the perimeter/area ration. It is observed that,
Since the P/A ratio of circle is the least, it is the most optimum form preferred for the design.
ASPECT RATIO :
The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height.
PASSIVE STRATEGIES
The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design
NATURAL VENTILATION : Natural ventilation is the use of wind and thermal buoyancy to create air movement in and out of your home without the use of mechanical systems, with the goal of bringing fresh air into your home. During nighttime in the summer months natural ventilation can provide free cooling and reduce your home energy use.
PASSIVE COOLING STRATEGIES : Bangalore has a composie climate that is a mixture of hot and dry and warm and humid, so inorder to maintain thermal comfort all throughout the year, the following passive strategies can be implimented. • PDEC Towers • Natural Ventilation • Roof Gardens PDEC TOWERS : Passive downdraught evaporative cooling (PDEC) is a representative term that is defined as a passive and low energy technique for cooling and ventilating spaces in hot, dry climates Louvers to catch Warm Air
1 2
The aspect ratio is preferred to be 1:2 that will reduce the overall heat gain.
WINDOW TO FLOOR RATIO (WFR)
WFR = Area of the Window/ Area of the floor. According to the referrence it can be concluded that if the WFR is less than 10% , it is favourable for the spaces and if it is more than 25% it can cause over lighting of a space.
Earthen pots filled with water placed in the path of air flow are traditional thechniques of passive evaporative cooling.
Nozzles can be used to spray water or mist to cool incoming air sucked by PDEC tower.
ROOF GARDEN : A roof garden is a garden on the roof of a building. Besides the decorative benefit, roof plantings may provide food, temperature control, hydrological benefits, architectural enhancement.
ORIENTATION :
The building is oriented in such a way that the longer side is in the North - South direction that promoted the entrance of diffused sunlight and good amount of air within the building. Also, provision for interclass mingling has been made.
INLET
4
07/06/2021
WORKING : Plants have the ability to reduce the overall heat absorption of the building which then reduces energy consumption. Plant surfaces however, as a result of transpiration, do not rise more than 4–5 °C (7–9 °F) above the ambient and are sometimes cooler. Aside from rooftop gardens providing resistance to thermal radiation, rooftop gardens are also beneficial in reducing rain run off. Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
OUTLET
WORKING : The device consists of single or multiple towers equipped with a water/vapor supply placed on the top. During the constant injection of water, droplets descend through the tower and conditions close to saturation along its length. Cool air descends the tower and exits at its base where it is delivered to the adjacent spaces.
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MOODBOARD 07/06/2021
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
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PRIMARY SCHOOL
MATERIAL MOOD BOARD
50mm XPS 15mm cement plaster 75mm CSEB Blocks
150 mm RCC
50 mm XPS 75 mm CSEB Blocks
20 mm XPS 25 mm Cement Plaster
The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design
100 mm RCC
Lintel Details
25 mm Cement Plaster
Double Glazed glasses Double Glazed Glass 100 mm RCC 25 mm Cement Plaster 15 mm Cement Plaster 75 mm CSEB blocks
Sill Details
Aluminium Frame
18 mm Kadappa stones 10 mm Cement Mortar 10 mm Polymer
10 mm Cement Plaster
90 mm Polyurethane 150 mm RCC Slab Source : CARBSE tool and ECBC 2017
25 mm Cement Plaster
Roof Details
Wall assembly
Roof Gardens
07/06/2021
Exposed concrete
Exposed Concrete
Pavements
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
Material Board
CSEB Blocks
15 mm Cement Plaster
Jaali Walls
PRIMARY SCHOOL
ROOF PLAN SCALE 1:500
PRIMARY SCHOOL
07/06/2021
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LEGEND
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
Green Roof Softscape Hardscape Service road NH 7 Primary Roads Main Entrance Service Entrance 0
20
45
100m
PRIMARY SCHOOL
GROUND FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:500
PRIMARY SCHOOL
LEGEND
07/06/2021
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
0
20
Classrooms Staff Rooms Washrooms
12
Auditorium Admin Principal’s Cabin Vice-Principal’s Cabin Canteen Library Activity room Workshop Playground Car Parking Multipurpose Play Area Central Courtyard Bus Parking Area
45
100m
PRIMARY SCHOOL
CLASSROOM BLOCK PLAN - Ground Floor SCALE 1:100
PRIMARY SCHOOL
Key Plan
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Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
LEGEND 1 2 3 4
Classrooms
0
5
Staffrooms
5 6
Auditorium Central Courtyard
Washrooms
Inlet Tower
Multipurpose Play Area
Outlet Tower
10
20 m
PRIMARY SCHOOL
CLASSROOM BLOCK PLAN - First Floor SCALE 1:100
PRIMARY SCHOOL
Key Plan
LEGEND 07/06/2021
1 2 3
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
Classrooms 14 Staffrooms Washrooms Inlet Tower Outlet Tower
0
5
10
20 m
The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design
PRIMARY SCHOOL
BLOCK B PLAN SCALE 1:100
PRIMARY SCHOOL
LEGEND
07/06/2021
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
Admin Principal’s Cabin
Key Plan
Vice-Principal’s Cabin Library Canteen Kitchen
15
Activity Area Workshops Inlet Tower Outlet Tower
0
5
10
20 m
PRIMARY SCHOOL
SECTIONS SCALE 1:100
PRIMARY SCHOOL LVL +12.45
LVL +9.45 LVL +7.35 LVL +6.45 LVL +3.45 LVL +0.30
SECTION AA’
LVL +6.45 LVL +3.45 07/06/2021
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Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
LVL +0.45
SECTION BB’ 0
3
9
15m
PRIMARY SCHOOL
SECTIONS SCALE 1:100
PRIMARY SCHOOL LVL +12.45 LVL +9.45 LVL +7.35 LVL +6.45 LVL +3.45 LVL +0.45
SECTION CC’ B LVL +9.45
Glass Louvers Louvered Windows
Water Sprinkler
B
C’
D Outlet Tower
Charcoal tray for air purification
Inlet Tower
LVL +3.45
LVL +0.45 LVL +0.0
A
CSEB Blocks
LVL +6.45
LVL +1.45
C
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SECTION THROUGH CLASSROOM Scale 1:20
C
B’ A’
A
Perforated Opening Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar Jali Wall
17
Louvered windows Pit to collect water
0
3
9
15m
PRIMARY SCHOOL
ELEVATIONS - 01 SCALE 1:100
LVL +12.45
LVL +7.35 LVL +6.45 LVL +3.45
LVL +0.45
ELEVATION AT A A The materials used in the design have been chosen to provide thermal comfort within. Also the additon of sitting walls, wider entrances and jali openings facilitate in broadening outdoor interactions.
B Wider Entrances
Sitting walls
Larger windows
Key Plan
LVL +12.45 LVL +9.45
LVL +3.45 LVL +1.2
ELEVATION AT B 0
3
9
15m
PRIMARY SCHOOL
ELEVATIONS - 02 SCALE 1:100
LVL +9.45
LVL +6.45 LVL +4.35 LVL +3.45 LVL +0.45
ELEVATION AT C The multiple possible arrangements of this katte enables the students to use these for different purposes like playing, exhibiting their work or as a platform for performing.
C
Arrangement 1
Arrangement 2
D
Arrangement 3
Key Plan
LVL +12.45 LVL +9.45 LVL +7.35 LVL +6.45 LVL +5.0 LVL +3.45 LVL +1.2 LVL +0.45
ELEVATION AT D 0
3
9
15m
PRIMARY SCHOOL
WATER CYCLE
Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank, cistern, deep pit, aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation, so that it seeps down and restores the ground water.
WATER CYCLE
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
Single line diagram of the net zero water strategies in the school building to identify the sources of greywater, blackwater and ways to recycle it.
The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design
Approx water that can be collected = Rainfall (mm) x Roof area (Sq.m) = 970 x 3496 ~ 33,91,120 L
Pump
Sinks Rain
Filter Screen Roof Overhead Tank Tank dimensions = 5x4x2m C~38000L
Treated water storage
Cooking
Chlorination
Filter Screen
Filtration
Municipality supply
Grey water storage C~10000L
Storage Tank Tank dimensions = 5x4x2m C~38000L
Filtration LEGEND Reused Water Potable Water Grey Water Black Water
Overflow
Pump
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Toilet
Landscape
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
Black water storage C~10000L
Compost
20
STRATEGIES TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMPTION :
Water pressures and the dangers lack of adequate water of appropriate quality poses for people, industry, and ecosystems, have been time and again highlighted in several reports. However, the main aim behind highlighting the issues remain same – Water conservation is the need of the hour.
PRIMARY SCHOOL
WATER SAVING FIXTURES
The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design
Keeping this in mind the startegies adopted are • Installing low pressure valves • Efficient toilets • Submeter irrigation LOW PRESSURE VALVES :
VACUUM ASSIST TOILETS :
GREYWATER TREATMENT :
High water pressures waste a lot of water. Installing water pressure reducing valves turn out to be one great solution. In this way, it protects the downstream plumbing system components as well as reduces the water consumption.
Vacuum toilets are flush toilets that use suction for the removal of faeces and urine resulting in a minimal requirement of water (0.5 to 1.5 litres).
Most grey water is easier to treat and recycle than sewage because of lower levels of contaminants.
Working : • Aeration occurs in two basic steps: • Air is drawn into the water stream, breaking the stream into a flow of tiny droplets mixed with air. • The mixture of air and water passes through a screen, further mixing the air and water and evenly spreading out the resulting stream. • Installation of these fixtures reduces water consumption by one third the original.
Working : • The user pushes the push-button, the interface valve is opened and the wastewater is evacuated. Air, which also helps to transport the waste, is also sucked into the system. At the same time, the clean water valve is opened and rinsing water is sprayed into the bowl. • The vacuum valve is closed but the water valve remains open. A small amount of fresh water is sprayed into the bowl. • The water valve is closed, a small volume of clean water is retained in the bowl and the toilet is ready for use again. • According to the EPA, installing water conservation toilets can reduce toilet water usage by 20 to 60 percent
Working : • Typically, aerobic and biological treatments are used as primary greywater treatment to remove dissolved and suspended biological matter, followed by ultra-filtration to prevent particles, bacteria and viruses of passing through. • Ultimately, greywater can be disinfected with ultraviolet and/ or chlorination, to ensure residual disinfection at point-ofuse. • The results from the study pointed on potential saving of 28.7–34.8% potable water for greywater reuse alone, and 39.2–42.7% when combined with rainwater harvesting
Result Because the aerator limits the water flow through the faucet, water usage is reduced compared to the same duration of flow without an aerator. In the case of hot water, because less water is used, less heat energy is used.
Result Due to the fact that the effluent has a high organic matter content, vacuum toilets are specifically adapted for the use in combination with separate greywater and blackwater treatment; or aerobic digestion treatment for biogas production.
Result Reducing demands on potable sources of freshwater. Eliminating the need for building larger wastewater treatment systems. wastewater discharged.
Aerator Assembly
Washer
07/06/2021
Screen Disc/ Screen Cover
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PRIMARY SCHOOL
TOTAL ANNUAL WATER CONSUMPTION IN THE BUILDING :
WATER SAVING FIXTURES
The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design
To understand the net consumption of water in the building.
WATER CONSUMPTION CALCULATIONS SL. NO.
USERS
NO. OF PEOPLE
DOMESTIC
FLUSHING
TOTAL
TOTAL
(Litres/head/day)
(Litres/head/day)
(Litres/head/day)
(Litres/user/day)
1
Students
400
20
25
45
18,000
2
Teachers
27
20
25
45
1215
3
Admin and staff
6
20
25
45
270
4
Principal and Vice Principal
2
20
25
45
90
5
Canteen
400
70
28,000
Green Roof Softscape
47,575
TOTAL CONSUMPTION PER DAY
Hardscape 1,20,36,475
TOTAL CONSUMPTION ANUALLY EXCLUSING VACATIONS AND SUNDAYS
Service road NH 7 Primary Roads
RAIN WATER HARVESTING CALCULATIONS
0
20
45
Main Entrance
100m
Service Entrance SL.NO
TYPE OF CATCHMENT
TOTAL AREA
RUNOFF CO EFFICIENT
(sq. meters)
(%)
ANNUAL RAINFALL
TOTAL VOLUME
TOTAL VOLUME
(cu.m)
(Litres)
1
Terrace
770
0.7
0.97
523
52300
2
Green Roof
1790
0.3
0.97
521
52100
3
Hardscape
2200
0.7
0.97
1494
149400
Comparative study between the different consumption levels of water. 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000
4
Softscape
8750
0.3
0.97
2546
254600
600000
TOTAL AREA
13,510
TOTAL RAINWATER COLLECTED ANUALLY
5084
5,08,400 400000
Net Annual Water Consumption = Annual water consumption - Annual Rainwater Harvesting = 1,20,36,475 - 5,08,400
0
= 1,15,28,075 litres 07/06/2021
200000
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
Annual Water Consumption (L)
Net Water Consumption (L)
Annual Rain water harversting (L)
22
PRIMARY SCHOOL
bhandarkarrachana25@gmail.com 07/06/2021
Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar
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