PUSH PLANAR
06
RACHEL MEI-LAN TAN
PUSH PLANAR WEEK 05 09/30/2015
00 THINNESS 01 LEAF 02 PROGRAM 03 STRUCTURE
4
THINNESS
01
LINEARITY - MINIMAL IMPACT ON THE GROUND 5
6
7
There is an evolution from the intuitive sense of building solid structures and massive walls: which is to develop an architecture that pushes the thinness to its limit (becoming a limit) and, therefore, producing a tectonic of efficiency.
TRAVERTINE : THE PYRAMID OF CESTIUS : PYRANESI 1750-1758
8
Elements become ambiguous: surface becomes structure, structure becomes void, space exists and is inhabited wherever it can be.
9
CLEAR NYLON : ON SPACE TIME FOAM : TOMAS SARACENO, MILAN 2013
SURFACE AREA : VOLUME RATIO | 729M2
.8
.7
.6
.8
.8
.8
.8
.5
.6
10
.8
.8
1.5
1.4
2.3
11
THE IDEA WOULD BE A TRULY PLANAR ARCHITECTURE +
THAT IS AT ONCE VOLUME & APPROACHING SURFACE +
IT EXISTS IN ONE DIMENSION BUT IS INVISIBLE IN ANOTHER +
AND HOW CAN IT STRUCTURALLY SUPPORT ITSELF?
12
13
EAST-WEST/WEST-EAST : RICHARD SERRA, DOHA, QATAR 2014
THINNESS IN PLAN NATURALLY LEADS TO LOOKING TO ELEMENTS OF A WALL AND IT’S FUNCTION AS A DIVISION OF SPACES
14
15
RUNNING FENCE : CHRISTO & JEANNE-CLAUDE, SONOMA, 1972-1976
PARTITION WALL
NATURE
limitless
NATURE
MAN
defined
NATURE
partition
divided
C
MAN
inhabitable
constrained limited
NATURE
OTHER
MAN
16
OCCUPIABLE WALL limitless
NATURE
MAN
defined
NATURE
partition
divided
C
MAN
inhabitable
constrained limited
NATURE
OTHER
channeled
17
MAN
partition subdivision
MATERIAL THICKNESS
WOVEN WALL COTTON FIBER 1 MM THICK
WOVEN - FIBER : 1MM
GLASS WALL 1.3 CM
GLASS : 1.3 CM
SCREEN PAPER + WOOD 2.5 CM THICK
SCREEN - PAPER + WOOD : 2.5 CM
STEEL PLATE 5 CM THICK
STEEL PLATE : 5CM
WOOD WALL 10CM
TIMBER : 10CM
CONCRETE WALL 15CM
CONCRETE : 15CM
BRICK WALL 21.5CM
BRICK : 21.5CM
MUDD WALL 25CM
STONE : 25CM
MUDD WALL 40CM
MUD : 40CM
18
MATERIAL
19
360
13
390
90
PROGRAM + MATERIAL DICTATING FORM : DEFENSIVE WALL : DEFENSIVE + DIGITAL WALL
33 160
200
90
WEST BERLIN | EAST BERLIN
40
USA |
OTHER |
| MEXICO
128
BERLIN WALL
SECURE FENCE ACT
AUERILIAN WALL
1961-1989 Length: 155km Width: 23cm Height: 3.6 m Total Width: 1.2m Material: Concrete Panel
2006-current Length: 1125km Width: 3mm Height: 6.4 m Total Width: 1.2m Material: Concrete Panel
2006-current Length: 52km Width: 3.5m Height: 8 m Material: Brick faced concrete
20
550
800
706
389
100
DEFENSIVE WALL + GATEWAY + AQUADUCT : DEFENSIVE WALL
600
160
335
90
OTHER | ROME
| MEXICO
SELF | OTHER
128
E ACT
m
2m rete Panel
21
AUERILIAN WALL 2006-current Length: 52km Width: 3.5m Height: 8 m Material: Brick faced concrete
GREAT WALL OF CHINA Length: 8852km Width: .6m Height: 5-8m Total Width: 5-6m Material: Stone, brick, tamped earth, wood
THESE TWO POSSIBILITIES OF THINNING & THICKENING BETWEEN IN_BETWEENS
PUSHING TOWARDS A VOLUMETRIC PLANARITY -
BECOME A TANDEM OPERATION STRATEGY _
22
23
TORQUED ELLIPSES : RICHARD SERRA, 1996
24
LEAF
02
THINNESS WITHIN NATURE 25
HOW THIN?
26
SURFACE AREA DETERMINED BY ABSORPTION OF SUNLIGHT
27
PROGRAM OF SURVIVAL : SYSTEMICAL & MOST EFFICIENT SYSTEM FOR CIRCULATION
SUN
ENERGY
CO²
ENERGY
H²O SUGAR
ENERGY
28
LEAF GENERATES ENERGY WHICH NETWORKS IN A LARGER CONTEXT FOR REPRODUCTION
ENERGY ENERGY
CO²
ENERGY
FLOWERS FRUIT REPRODUCTION
SURVIVAL
29
LEAF VENATION: RADIAL FORCE
30
LEAF VENATION : LADDER | FEATHER
31
FORM : SURFACE AREA IN RELATION TO WIND + SUNLIGHT + WEIGHT
32
CIRCULATION : GATHERING POINTS + STRUCTURE
33
PERIPHERAL DIVISION OF SPACES : CIRCULATION
34
NETWORK OF LEAF : COVERING AREA
35
AT THE SCALE OF A CITY BLOCK
36
LEAF : AMSTERDAM CANAL
ANNE FRANK’S HOUSE
WESTMARKT
LELIEGRACHT
RAADHUISTRAAT
HARTENSTRAAT
WOLVENSTRAAT
RUNSTRAAT SECONDARY
37
KEIZERS RIVER
PRIMARY
TERTIARY
THE LEAF VARIES ITS FORM AND STRUCTURE ADAPT TO UNIQUE ENVIRONMENTS WHICH DEFINE RESTRICTIONS
38
7 BIOMES
ARCTIC
TAIGA
GRASSLAND
JUNGLE
DESERT OCREAN / RIVER
39
BLADES
JUNGLE WET LACK OF SUNLIGHT
40
SURFACE AREA DETERMINED BY ABSORPTION OF SUNLIGHT
ABUNDANT RAINFALL
ABUNDANT RAINFALLY, LACK OF SUNLIGTH
WIND IS STRONG
FILTERED SUNLIGHT
2% SUNLIGHT IN BOTTOM CANOPY EXTREMELY RICH SOIL
41
DRIP TIPS AND WAXY SURFACES ALLOW WATER RUNOFF TO DISCOURAGE GROWTH OF BACTERIA AND FUNGI. CONCAVE CURVE TO DEFLECT WATER
SOFT, FIBROUS TISSUE LEAVES WHICH FACE HORIZONTALLY TO CAPTURE LIGHT FOR MORE PHOTOSYNETHESIS SHED WATER THROUGH STRUCTURES CALLED STOMATA
MOSS & LICHEN PHOTOSYNTEHSIZE UNDER EXTREMELY LOW LIGHT CONDITIONS, CAN GRAFT ON SURFACES.
CONTAIN A PIGMENT CALLED ANTHOCYANIN WHICH REFLECTS RED LIGHT, ABSORBS BLUE LIGHT. IT PROTECTS THE PHOTOSYNTEHTIC MECHANISM
LEAVES AREUP TO 8 FEET LONG TO ABSORB AS MUCH FILTERED SUNLIGHT
42
43
44
45
DESERT DROUGHT
46
DRY SOIL IS SANDY AND UNABLE TO HOLD WATER
DRYNESS
WIND IS STRONG
LACK OF WATER
INTENSE SUNGLIGHT
47
WATER IS STORED IN THE STEM, SWOLLEN AND REPLETE LEAF WITH LOW SURFACE AREA : VOLUME RATIO
STEMS ARE SEPERATED INTO SEGMENTS THAT STORE WATER, ALLOWS EACH ARM TO SEPERATE SO THAT THE WATERSOURCE IS NOT COMPLETELY GONE. IF AN ARM FALLS OF IT ROOTS ITSELF AND GROWS
GROUND HUGGING SHRUBS, GROW IN CLUMPS TO PROTECT EACH OTHER FROM WIND AND COLD
LEAVES WITH HAIR ALLOW DEW TO COLLECT AND FUNNEL DOWN
LEAVES WITH HAIR HELP SHADE THE PLANT AND REDUCE WATER LOSS
48
49
BLADES
DECIDUOUS FOUR SEASONS HOT SUMMER FREEZING WINTER
50
SURFACE AREA DETERMINED BY ABSORPTION OF SUNLIGHT
FREEZING WINTER WET SEASON
MAXIMUM SUNLIGHT ABOSORPTION BEFORE LEAF IS SHED
MAXIMUM SUNLIGHT ABOSORPTION BEFORE LEAF IS SHED
ENDURING FREEZING WINTER
ABUNDANT RAINFALL IN SPRING & SUMMER
51
LEAVES TURN COLOR BECAUSE PHOTOSYNTHESIS DEGRADES CHLOROPHYLL FOR SHORTER DAYSAND SHED TO PREVENT ENERGY LOSS
BROAD LARGE LEAVES TO MAKE FOOD FOR THE TREE
FAN SHAPED LEAVES THAT BEAR THE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES, STEMS WITH SECONDARY GROWTH
RESILIENT LEAF LIFESPAN: 3 YEARS WAXY, ELIPSOIDAL SHAPE, VERY UPRIGHT, POINTY EDGES, THICK, LEATHERY
NEED MOISTURE FOR REPRODUCTION GROWTH - VASCULAR TISSUES, SPORE PRODUCING ORGAN ON UNRDERISE
52
53
BLADES
CONIFEROUS (TAIGA)
W
54
SURFACE AREA DETERMINED BY ABSORPTION OF SUNLIGHT
FREEZING WINTER
LACK OF SUNLIGHT IN FALL / WINTER
MAXIMUM SUNLIGHT ABOSORPTION BEFORE LEAF IS SHED
ENDURING FREEZING WINTER
ABUNDANT RAINFALL IN SPRING & SUMMER
55
NEEDLE LIKE LEAVES WHICH SHAPE LOSES LESS WATER AND SHEDS SNOW EASILY LARGE SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO WHICH ALLOWS THE LEAF TO PHOTOSYNETHSIZE RIGHT AWAY
DARK COLOR LEAVES TO ALLOW MORE SOLAR HEAT TO BE ABSORBED
FAN SHAPED LEAVES THAT BEAR THE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES, STEMS WITH SECONDARY GROWTH
RESILIENT LEAF LIFESPAN: 3 YEARS WAXY, ELIPSOIDAL SHAPE, VERY UPRIGHT, POINTY EDGES, THICK, LEATHERY
NEED MOISTURE FOR REPRODUCTION GROWTH - VASCULAR TISSUES, SPORE PRODUCING ORGAN ON UNRDERISE
56
57
JUNGLE
58
TAIGA
DECIDUOUS
DECIDUOUS
59
60
SITE + PROGRAM
04
ADAPTATION TO PROGRAM AND SITE 61
WE BEGIN TO LOOK BACK AT THE LEAF AGAIN TO RETROFIT THE STRUCTURE TO DIFFERENT SITES AND PROGRAMS
62
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FAVELLA : SAO PAULO
UNORGANIZED DENSITY FASTEST GROWING POPULATION IN THE WORLD ORGANIC GROWTH MEANDERING ROAD NETWORKS INTERSPERSED NODE ACTIVITY.
GROWTH
GROWTH GROWTH
GROWTH
64
DIAGRAM STUDIES OF INFRASTRUCTURE
65
NODES BASED ON EXISTING FABRIC SMALL AREAS TO TOUCHDOWN
PRIMARY WATER CIRCULATION SECONDARY PATH CIRCULATION
TERTIARY ARE MORE LOCALIZED CIRCULATION
NATURAL SEPARATION OF ENCLAVES PRODUCES DIFFERENT IDENTITIES WITHIN THE NEIGHBORHOOD ALLOWS NEW NODES TO BE MADE
MULTIPLE WATER SOURCE STRATEGY
SEPARATION OF ENCLAVES
BEACH
TOURISM - URBAN EXODUS AND DENSITY OF PEOPLE, NOT THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT BREAKWATERS - PREVENTING EROSION OF SAND PORTS WILDLIFE
66
BEACH : BREAKWATER
PROGRAMMED WALLS THAT ALLOW WIND TO PASS THROUGH AND PROVIDE MINIMAL AMENITIES TO THE BEACH.
BREAKWATER THAT PROVIDE PROGRAM AS SMALL OCEAN POOLS
67
BREAKWATER : PORT
BREAKWATER ORIENTED TO PRODUCE MORE SHORELINE SMALL AMENITIES FOR BEACH PROGRAM
BREAKWATER FOR A PORT SIMULTANEOUSLY A DOCK OR OTHER
68
BREAKWATER : CORAL REEF
BREAKWATER WHICH IS SIMULTANEOUSLY AN UNDERWATER WALL WITH EMBEDDED STRUCTURE THAT ATTRACTS REEF LIFE - NEW AREA FOR CORAL REEF ATTRACTS ANIMALS, WHICH ATTRACTS PEOPLE
SECTION
69
TOKYO & NY EXEMPLIFY CASES IN A CITY WHERE SPACE AND REAL ESTATE ARE PRIME, AND SUCH OCCUPANCE HAS TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF THE IN BETWEEN SPACES
REALITY PROPERTIES: FAKE ESTATES, LITTLE ALLEY BLOCK : GORDON MATTA-CLARK, NEW YORK 1974
70
THESE IN BETWEEN SPACES ARE PRIVATIZED HOUSING THAT RANGE FROM DIMENSIONS THAT ARE DETERMINED BY THE SPACE BETWEEN TWO BUILDINGS AND THE RECENT NEEDLE TOWERS THAT HAVE BEEN RISING IN NYC TYPOLOGICALLY I DONT THINK EITHER OF THESE AS PRECEDENCE ARE RELEVANT, BUT THEY ARE EXISTING EXAMPLES IN TESTING THINNESS
71
SAN GIMIGNANO, ITALY : PRIVATE FAMILY TOWERS
PRIVATE RICH PROGRAM
COLLAGED OVER DIAGRAM : UNTITLED : DONALD JUDD 1982
72
73 MIDTOWN ci. 2018: NEW YORK TIMES
ADJACENCY
157 W 57th St.
432 Park Ave.
53 West 53rd St.
111 West 57th St.
217 W 57th St.
220 Central Park S
74
MIDTOWN SPIRES : PAUL GOLDBERGER : VANITY FAIR 1000’
One World Trade Empire State
75
Chrysler
53 West 53rd St. Time Warner
157 W 57th St.
111 West 57th St.
432 Park Ave.
43 E 60th St
217 W 57th St.
TOO RICH TOO THIN TOO TALL
76
77
217 W. 57th St. : ATELIER CHRISTIAN de PORTZAMPARE
1000 ft.
4000 ft. LONG SHADOW
217 W. 57th St.
SHADOW LENGTH WILL BE 3/4 OF A MILE LONG.
78
AFTER
79
SHADOWS ACROSS THE PARK : BEFORE AND AFTER DEVELOPMENT (4PM sEPTEMBER 21ST)
BEFORE
THIS ASKS TWO DIFFERENT QUESTIONS HOW THIN CAN WE GO AND CAN WE PRODUCE A THIN ARCHITECTURE THAT CATERS TO THE PUBLIC INSTEAD OF THE SMALL POPULATION OF PEOPLE WHO CAN AFFORD SUCH LUXURIES
80
IN LOOKING AT THE PAST PRIVATIZATION CAN WE LOOK AT MAKING THE PUBLIC SQUARE VERTICAL -- SEAGRAM PLAZA
81
MANHATTAN : DENSITY IN THE GRID
ONLY 15% OF MANHATTAN IS DEDICATED TO PUBLIC SPACE THE STREET IS 49% OF IT’S TOTAL AREA MAKE THE STREET PUBLIC ALSO SHIELDING VIEWS
AVENUE
STREET
82
BREAKWATER
83
PRIVATE PROGRAM VIEWING INTO PRIVATE PROGRAM WITHIN “STREETS”
GROUND LEVEL: ESTABLISH SMALL POINTS
10TH FLOOR : VERTICAL GARDEN ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR PRIVACY CURTAINS
20TH FLOOR : GARDEN ONLY CONTINUES WHERE VIEWING IN IS POSSIBLE
ADJACENCY
COLLAGED OVER DIAGRAM : UNTITLED : DONALD JUDD 1982
84
85
ASSORTED FACADES : NEW YORK
OBSTRUCTION OF VIEW
VERTICAL GREENWALL
86
SECTION DIAGRAM OF CIRCLATION
WATER NETWORK - SIMILAR TO THE LEAF
87
IF THE COMMUNITY IS WHAT TIES TOGETHER THESE THIN STRUCTURES, WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS CAN YOU BEGIN TO EXPLORE, AND WHAT CAN THINNESS ACCOMODATE IF CIRCULATION IS LOOKED AT AS STRICTLY PATH BASED AND LINEAR
88
89
EDUCATION
COMMUNITY
FACILITIES/ INFRASTRUCTURE
STATION BATHROOM MARKET WATER FILTRATION VENDING MACHINE
GARDEN AQUARIUM LIBRARY
CHURCH CINEMA PLAYGROUND PARK CEMETARY STAGE
CHURCH + MARKET CINEMA + AQUARIUM PLAYGROUND + STATION + GARDEN PARK + WATER FILTRATION + BATHROOM
90
WATER FILTRATION
PARK
BATHROOM / FOUNTAIN
RELIGIOUS GATHERING
BACK HOUSE
MARKET
CINEMA CORN DRYING
GRAIN STORAGE
VENDING / DISTRIBUTION
PLAYGROUND
STATION
GARDEN
WATER STORAGE
CINEMA
CINEMA AQUARIUM
RESTAURANT
91
PROGRAMS WHICH REQUIRE A PATH STATION - TRAINS - METRO - PLANE DOCK - BOAT, KAYAK PIER BRIDGE CANAL LOCKS / DAMS BILBOARD AQUEDUCT RUNWAY GEOLOGICAL BORDERS - US/MEXICO MOUNTAIN SPORTS - SKI - SNOWBOARD GONDOLA STAIRS - SANTA MONICA ELECTRIC LINES - TELEPHONE POLES GAS PIPLINE BIKE -PATH HIGH TUNNEL FARMING CONVEYER BELTS SPICE DRYING CLOTH/LEATHER DYING PAPER INDUSTRY CULVERT
92
PROGRAMS WHICH CAN BE CONVERTED TO A PATH CHURCH MARKET - GROCERY STORE - DRUG STORE LIBRARY GALLERY - MUSEUM GARDEN FARM - HYDROPONIC - AQUAPONIC RICE PATTY STORAGE - DATA STORAGE - SHIPPING CONTAINERS - GRAIN SWIMMING POOL SKATE PARK TRACK - HUMAN - BICYCLE - CAR PLAYGROUND CEMETARY PRISON BEEHIVE MOAT
93
DESTINATION/TOURIST ATTRACTION MONUMENT LAS VEGAS STRIP RIO DI JANEIRO BEACH THE RHINE - BASEL - ZURICH HOTSPOTS WIFI WATER FEATURES WATERFALLS VILLA D’ESTE PALEY PARK BELLAGIO HOTEL ZURICH LAKE - PERIMETER LAKE COMO TUVALU - SINKING ISLAND AMSTERDAM - BOAT /BRIDGE CIRCULATION HAMAM - ISTANBUL OLYMPIC POOL OLYMPIC DIVING BOARD SETUP BEIJING WATER PARK MOSCOW - SOVIET POOL - FOUNDATION PENGUIN POOL - OVE 94
PATH - PASSAGE - GATE GREECE - STEPS WITH RESTAURANTS SPANISH STEPS VILLA LANTE - FOUNTAIN STEPS ZURICH - BRIDGE ATLANTIC ROAD - NORWAY WILDLIFE OVERPASS GREAT WALL OF CHINA SI-O-SE POL BRIDGE - IRAN TOWER BRIDGE - LONDON YU GARDEN - SHANGHAI SKATEPARK - SWEDEN AQUEDUCT AURELIAN WALL THAILAND - FLOATING MARKET FOUNTAINS VILLA LANTE - DINING TABLE-FOUNTAIN TRAIN 95
96
STRUCTURE
03
STRUCTURED DERIVED FROM THE ADAPTABILITY OF A LEAF 97
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THINNESS : BENDING MOMENT
STIFF!
98
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THINNESS : BENDING MOMENT
99
PRE OR POST TENSION
100
PRE OR POST TENSION
101
BOW & ARROW : TENSION BY WEIGHT AND VERTICAL FORCE
102
VARIATION IN FORCE
103
TENSION & COMPRESSION WITH TWO ELEMENTS
104
ELEMENT WORKS SINGULARLY IN TENSION & COMPRESSION
105
SECTIONAL FORCES
106
SECTIONAL FORCES
107
FIXED POSITION
108
FLEXING IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION FOR STIFFNESS
109
FIXED POSITION
110
FLEXING IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION FOR STIFFNESS
111
FORM STUDY ON HOW TO PRODUCE A MORE EFFICIENT WAY TO TORQUE A MATERIAL
112
TORQUE
90
113
180
270
360
COUNTER TORQUE
114
COUNTER TORQUE
115
116
WITH THINNESS, A TERM WHICH IS DEFINED AS SPARCE IT ADDRESSES MANY TOPICS AND ISSUES THINNESS
FORM GEOMETRY
EFFICIENCY
PROGRAM
STRUCTURE
MATERIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCE
DENSITY
MATERIAL
ELEMENTS LIGHT-AIR-WATER
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
FLOW OF PEOPLE
ADAPTABILITY
SPATIAL LIMIT
PERCEIVED DIMENSION
HEIGHT
117
UPDATE DIAGRAM
TIME / GROWTH
END