Landscape Architect Brochure

Rafael Narbona

La nd scap e Architecture Land PLan nin g & Sustainab ilit y As sess me nt

www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com

Portfolio

2012

INDEX

1. Public Parks - “Hermanos Maristas” Boulevard Gardens. Valencia - “Vía Parque” Central Gardens. Alicante - “Riu Turia” Park. Quart de Poblet. (Valencia) - “Urban Pocket Gardens” - “Urban Low Cost Parks” - “Bosque Mediterráneo” Park. Albal (Valencia) - “A Garden with a pool below”. Alicante - “Urban Sport Areas” - “Seaside Promenades” - “Old Bed River Turia Gardens” Valencia

2. Compe!!ons - Compe!!ons - Interna!onal Congress of trees - Hortus Beneixidae

3. Landscape - Ordinary Lansdscape - Visual Impact Assessment - Landscape Integra!on Assessment - Landscape and infrastructures - Landscape and Waste Water Plants

4. Private Gardens - Hotel Wes!n Alameda. Valencia - Oceanographic Park Gardens. Valencia - Private Gardens - Gardens for Private Communi!es - Mediterranean Garden

5. Land Planning + Sustainability - Breeam Communi!es Assessor - Land Planning - Roof Gardens and Green Roofs

6. Others - Golf Course - Historic Garden transfer - CasaDecor Ephemeral Garden - Lectures - Cuadernos de Arquitectura del Paisaje Magazine

7. Curriculum Vitae

1. Public Parks

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./HI*(#"1<#$<4*<*5$1"#*<#$<4.&<)$(/*1.&</*("&'*&<$1<5*4$13"*H

Jardín “Avda Hermanos Maristas”. Valencia. Spain The “Hermanos Maristas” Avenue is a long, !"#$%&'($$'%')*'%&+,$(&%-(./%*%)"0)%*1#%#$1&$%'(*-23%4$5$46%4"17"10%')$%'!.%/.&'%"/8.('*1'%(.*#&%-(./% ')$%&.+')9%:)$%4*;<.+'%.-%')$%=5$1+$%3.1&"&'&%.-%25$% 4*1$&% .-% '(*>3% "1% ?.')% #"($3@.1&% *1#% *% AB% /$'$(% wide green boulevard. Fortunately, the green fringe "&%4.3*'$#%?$'!$$1%')$%'(*>3%*1#%')$%?+"4#"10&6%.1% one side of the Avenue instead of between the two &$'&%.-%'(*>3%#"($3@.1&6%*&%"&%+&+*49%:)$($-.($6%?.')% ')$%!"#')%.-%')$%0*(#$1%*1#%')$%4.3*@.1%"1%-(.1'%.-% the buildings, allows us to design a green area closer to a park than a boulevard, although without for0$C10% ')$% 8($&$13$% .-% &+3)% )"0)% '(*>3% 1."&$% *1#% 8.44+@.19% D"5$1% *44% ')$&$% ($*&.1&6% !$% #$&"01$#% *% 4*;<.+'%')*'%?$0"1&%!"')%*%&+?&'*1@*4%)$#0$%.1%')$% '(*>3%&"#$6% '.% *5."#% 8$.84$% -(./% ?$"10% *,$3'$#% ?;% '(*>3%#"&'+(?*13$&9%E+&'%?$&"#$%')"&%0($$1%?*(("$(6%*% &'(*"0)'%!*47!*;%(+1&%')(.+0)%')$%$1@($%8*(7%-(./% east to west. Between the promenade and the buildings the Park becomes more organic and voluptuous, !"')%&"1+.+&%*1#%&$(8$1@1$%4"7$%8*')&%')*'%*($%&+((.+1#$#%?;%0$1'4$%4"F4$%)"44&9

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H5"*<8*(J+$<3$1'(*4<0*(#$1&<*4"3*1'$<KBLBH

Landscape Architecture

VĂ­a Parque Central Gardens. Alicante A good example about Sustainable Landscape Architecture Alicante is well known city on the east coast of Spain. With very hot weather, almost all year the maximum temperature may ("&$%*&%/+3)%*&%MB%#$0($$&%N$4&"+&%"1%&+//$(6%&./$@/$&%/.($9% :)$%*/.+1'%.-%(*"1%"&%5$(;%4.!%*1#%-$(@4$%&."4%"&%'.'*44;%1.1<$O"&'$1'9%P+(')$(/.($6%4"7$%/*1;%Q$#"'$((*1$*1%3"@$&6%')$%?+"4#"10% density and the thousands of cars running everywhere make it for the people a very hard and uncomfortable life.

With all these premises, to begin the design of a new park, !"')%.5$(%RB9BBB%&J+*($%/$'$(&6%!*&%1.'%.14;%*%($*44;%?"0%3)*13$6% ?+'%*4&.%*%?"0%($&8.1&"?"4"';%-.(%+&G%"1%.1$%)*1#%1.%-$(@4$%&."46%1.% water, no fresh air but contaminated and hot air, and in the other hand lot of people that are looking for a more comfortable way of life.

The site was a large space between two roads, with a transver&*4%&4.8$%')*'%(*1%-(./%&"O%'.%$4$5$1%/$'$(&9%S$-.($%&'*(@10%')$% 8(.I$3'6%')$%/*"1%8($/"&$&%!$%)*#%&'(.104;%#$3"#$#%!$($G :)$% $1@($% &+(-*3$% /+&'% ?$% *?&.4+'$4;% ).("T.1'*4% &.% 8$.84$% could use it and second, but no less important, to guarantee that absolutely all the rain water will stay in the soil for the plants and for a fresher environment.

This change from a sloped surface to a horizontal one must be done with a certain result of cero balance earthworks. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s means that no one cubic meter of soil will leave and, of course, was come into the new park. To achieve this important premise, !$%!.(7$#%!"')%*%UV%/.#$4%@44%!$%)*#%')$%$O*3'%8.&"@.1%.-%*44% terraces, and each one at the right level.

W*@5$%84*1'&G%X1%')"&%3*&$6%/.&'%.-%')$%1*@5$%84*1'&%3*1Y'%)$48% +&%-.(%*%?$F$(%*1#%/.($%3./-.('*?4$%+(?*1%8*(79%:)$;%)*5$%($&.45$#%).!%'.%0(.!%!"').+'%(*"1!*'$(%"1%5$(;%).'%3.1#"@.1&%I+&'% ($#+3"10%')$"(%*3@5"';%34.&$%'.%1.')"106%!*"@10%-.(%*%!$F$(%@/$9% :)"&% "&% 21$% -.(% $5.4+@.1% *1#% &+(5"5*46% ?+'% ?*#% -.(% 8$.84$% ')*'% *($%4..7"10%-.(%-($&)%*"(%*1#%?$F$(%3.1#"@.1&%"1%*%5$(;%).'%*1#% high-density city. So we decided, at the one hand, to avoid every "15*&"5$%84*1'6%*1#%').&$%')*'%($J+"($%)"0)%*/.+1'%.-%"(("0*@.1% to grow well. However, on the other hand, we could use many 84*1'&%-(./%&"/"4*(%$3.4.0"3*4%3.1#"@.1&6%!)"3)%3*1%)$48%+&6%*1#% ')$%8$.84$6%'.%)*5$%*%?$F$(%*1#%/.($%3./-.('*?4$%$15"(.1/$1'9%

These plants are what we chose for the new park. Trees with a J+"37%0(.!')%(*'$%*1#%*%)"0)%'(*1&8"(*@.1%*1#%&)*#.!%4$5$4%?+'% with the capability of surviving without a large amount of irriga@.19 X(("0*@.1%&;&'$/G%Z1$%.-%')$%/.&'%"/8.('*1'%"/8(.5$/$1'&% that can be achieved in dry and hot city is to build a web pipe &;&'$/%')*'%'*7$&%*#5*1'*0$%.-%')$%34$*1$#%!*'$(%*[$(%"'%8*&&$&% through a waste wa ter plant, and the Alicante Council is doing this. We were very lucky because one of the main pipes goes I+&'%*4.10%')$%1.(')%&"#$%(.*#%.-%')$%&"'$9%\.!$5$(%*[$(%')*'6%!$% /"0)'%'.%?$%&.%3*($-+4%*?.+'%')$%84*1'%&$4$3@.19%:.%)*5$%*&%/+3)% !*'$(%-.(%"(("0*@.1%*&%;.+%3.+4#%&8$1#%#.$&1Y'%/$*1%;.+%3*1%+&$% any kind of trees.

The trees are the most important structure of a park that will be capable of surviving against any weather or facility problem, &+3)%"(("0*@.1%&;&'$/%?($*7"10%#.!16%#(.+0)'%/.1')&6%*1#%&.%.19% Q.($.5$(6%!$%3*1%3)..&$%*/.10%)+1#($#&%.-%#",$($1'%'($$&6%1.'% .14;%1*@5$&%?+'%*&%0..#%-.(%')$%$3.4.0"3*4%&"'$%*&%')$%1*@5$&9%]$% accompanied them with thousands of shrubs, chosen in the same way. For the lawn we were careful as well. Lawn is important in ).'%3"@$&%-.(%"'Y&%8&;3).4.0"3*4%?$1$2'&6%?$&"#$&%')$%"/8(.5$/$1'% of air quality. It must be chosen always thinking about the envi(.1/$1'*4% *1#% $3.4.0"3*4% 3.1#"@.1&9% ^.% !$% 3).&$% '.% /*7$% ')$% 4*!1% -(./% ')$% !$44<71.!1% 0(*&&% _$11"&$'+/% 34*1#$&@1+/% ?$3*+&$%.-%"'&%4.!%"(("0*@.1%($J+"($/$1'&9%Z-%3.+(&$%"'%1$$#&%&./$% */.+1'%.-%!*'$(%"(("0*@.16%?+'%"'Y&%!*'$(%-(./%*%!*&'$!*'$(%84*1'% and is, probably, the best spend water of the city and the healthi$&'%!*'$(%?$3*+&$%"'%34$*1&%')$%*"(%*1#6%"1#$$#6%')$%3"@T$1Y&%4+10&9% X-%')$%"(("0*@.1%&;&'$/%?($*7%#.!1%.(%')$%!*&'$!*'$(%84*1'%)*&% any problem to provide water for a while, we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have to worry about the loss of the grass, because the main structure is the trees and in a few days we will have the grass green again.

=44%')$%!*44&%'.%).4#%'$((*3$&%*($%/*#$%!"')%#(;%1*@5$%&'.1$9% With them we avoided to use concrete, a more energy consumer material, and we remember the Mediterranean landscape, full of dry stone walls and terraces for agricultural purposes, in a dry and hot area, where any drop of rain water was a heaven blessing. :)$%-..'?("#0$G%!)$1%*%4*(0$%8*(7%"&%#"5"#$#%"1%8"$3$&%?;%(.*#&6% ')$%8$#$&'("*1&%*($%*4/.&'%*4!*;&%!*"@10%'.%3(.&&%-(./%.1$%0*(den to the other, while cars have the right of way. If you have a slope that can give you the opportunity to save three meters in high with neither ramps nor stairs, why not join the gardens over ')$%'(*>3%!"')%*%84*"1%-..'?("#0$`%^.6%!$%#"#%*1#%1.!6%'!.%0*(#$1&%.-%*?.+'%KA9BBB%&J+*($%/$'$(&6%?$3./$%.-%AB9BBB9%X'%/*;% not seem very important, but it is for children and their parents, of course. :)$%&8.('%*($*G%')$%')"(#%?"0%*($*%)*&%?$$1%#$5.'$#%'.%&8.('% -*3"4"@$&6% "134+#"10% *1% $4$5$1<*<&"#$<-..'?*44% 2$4#6% '!.% 8*##4$% 3.+('&%*1#%*%/+4@+&$%.1$%-.(%?*&7$'6%)*1#%?*446%$'396%*1#%*%8*5"4ion with eight changing rooms, fully equipped. :)$%Q.1$;G%*44%')$&$%')"10&%*($%?$$1%/*#$%I+&'%-.(%4$&&%')*1% &"O';%$+(.&%?;%&J+*($%/$'$(9%Q.($%.(%4$&&%*%2[)%.-%')*'%&8$1'%.1% the coolest, fashionable and highly designed urban parks, and money is money, especially public money.

:)$% &.3"*4% "/8(.5$/$1'G% ')$% ')"(#% -+1#*/$1'*4% $4$/$1'% *?.+'% &+&'*"1*?"4"';6% *[$(% $15"(.1/$1'% *1#% $3.1./;% "&% ')$% "/provement of social and human care, and this is very important in this project. The site were this project is located is troubled, controversial, dangerous and nasty, like every neighbourhood !)$($%8.4"@3"*1&%'(;%'.%/.5$%.+'&"#$(&9%:)$;%?+"4#%&.3"*4%#!$44ings as a social improvement and in the end there are no more ')*1% *% 1$!% 0)$F.9% :)$% ?+"4#"10% .-% ')$&$% 1$!% 0*(#$1&% "&% 5$(;% important to improve the image of the neighbourhood because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s well known how green parks improve the social life in these neighbourhoods.

The End. We are very proud about these gardens, and we ap8($3"*'$%*1#%!.+4#%4"7$%*371.!4$#0"10%')$%5$(;%1"3$%3.1&$(5*@.1% work that the city gardeners have been doing since the park was opened

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./HI*(#"1<d$KdRBde3("+<'+("*d$KdRBde#<J+*('<#$<8.?4$'<5*4$13"*H

Jardín “Riu Turia”. Quart de Poblet. Valencia. Spain :)"&% 8(.I$3'% !*&% 4*+13)$#% *[$(% !"11"10% 2(&'% 8("T$%"1%*%3./8$@@.1%.(0*1"T$#%?;%')$%/+1"3"8*4"';% .-% a+*('% #$% _.?4$'6% *% 4"F4$% '.!1% 34.&$% '.% b*4$13"*9% The works included the development of the Park.

The lay-out included some notable elements, such as a fully accessible terraced structure. The main purpose of this land structure is, on the one hand, to save the slope of the site with horizontal terraces allowing people to enjoy the whole surface of the park and, on the other hand, to save as much rain-water as possible for the main site. This Park is located in quite a dry place with fairly hot summers, where every drop of rain-water is a heaven’s blessing. In &8"'$%.-%')$%"(("0*@.1%&;&'$/6%"'%"&%1$3$&&*(;%%'.%&*5$% as much water as possible. The Park is located in the river Turia bank side and the site is a popular viewpoint over the river valley. For this reason we put *%5"$!"10%84*c.(/%"1%')$%+88$(%'$((*3$6%!"')%3./-

fortable benches shaded by a wooden pergola. We devoted the middle terrace to playgrounds. Children must be catered for the most in a public garden, so we reserved for them a big space full of playgrounds for all ages, shaded with very big trees. The sun is the major cause of skin diseases amongst children. Between the Park and the river Turia runs the “Mislata =3$J+"*f6% gQ"&4*'*% "(("0*@.1% #"'3)h% !)"3)% "&% .1$% .-% the seven historical ditches of “La Huerta de Valen3"*f6%*%LA')%3$1'+(;%"(("0*@.1%&;&'$/%')*'%&@44%!.(7&% nowadays. Indeed a promenade was built along this historical ditch, which also links the new high school with the city auditorium.

Every place and corner of the new park is absolutely accessible to everybody. The pathways have been designed in such a way that blind people do not encounter problems, and all the terraces have full accesibility for the disabled.

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./HI*(#"1$&<$1<$4<?*((".<#$<3+*'($<3*(($($&H

Urban Pocket Gardens The Urban Pocket Gardens are the nearest patch of greenery for all city peo84$9%:)$;%"/8(.5$%')$%"/*0$%.-%')$%3"';%*&%!$44%')$%3"@T$1Y&%)$*4')6%34$*1"10%')$% *"(%*1#%($-($&)"10%')$%*'/.&8)$($9%X1%*##"@.1%'.%?$*+@-;"10%')$%+(?*1%4*1#&3*8$6%')$;%)$48%'.%3.1'(.4%(*"1!*'$(%(+1.,%*1#%'(*1&-.(/%4"-$4$&&%&"#$!*47&%"1'.% -*1'*&@3%1$!%84*3$&%-+44%.-%8$*3$%*1#%4"-$9 The Urban Pocket Gardens do not require large investments of money but 8(.2'&%*($%5$(;%)"0)%?$3*+&$%.-%')$%0($*'%1+/?$(%.-%?$1$2'&%')$;%)*5$%-.(%')$% 3"@T$1&9 X1%*44%.+(%3"@$&6%4*(0$%*1#%&/*446%')$($%*($%&/*44%*($*&%')*'%*($%8$(-$3'%-.(% ?+"4#"10%1$!%i(?*1%_.37$'%D*(#$1&9%Z5$(%@/$6%')$&$%&.('&%.-%4"F4$%0*(#$1&%/*;% -.(/%*%0($$1%!$?%*4.10%')$%$1@($%3"';6%.,$("10%3"@T$1&%')$%8.&&"?"4"';%.-%*%?$F$(% way to get around the city.

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H3*'$0.(;H4.!<3.&'<0($$1<+(?*1<8*(7&H

Low-Cost Urban Parks To increase both the number and size of urban gardens it is not always neces&$(;%%'.%%&8$1#%*%4.'%.-%/.1$;9%=4').+0)%?"06%("3)%3"@$&%/*;%?$%*?4$%'.%*,.(#%"'6% /.&'%3"@$&%3*1%1.'9%=1#%3"@T$1&%*($%#$/*1#"10%*%?$F$(%+(?*1%$15"(.1/$1'%"1% /*1;%3"@$&6%*?.5$%*44%"1%')$%).'%*1#%&./$@/$&%+1)$*4');%&.+')$(1%j+(.8$*1%3"@$&9%Z1$%&.4+@.1%"&%'.%'*7$%*#5*1'*0$%.-%*44%')$&$%-.(0.F$1%84*3$&%')*'%!$%)*5$%"1% *44%.+(%3"@$&%*1#%/*7$%1$!6%3)$*86%4.!%3.&'%0*(#$1&9%N)$*8%#.$&1Y'%/$*1%1.'%!$44% done. We have been involved in several low cost garden projects and they have been successfully developed with less than sixty Euros per square meter (Some@/$&%4$&&%')*1%')"(';%j+(.&h9%=1#%"134+#$#%"1%')"&%?+#0$'%!*&G%')$%#$&"016%*44%')$% -*3"4"@$&%*%0*(#$1%1$$#6%')$%'($$&%*1#%&)(+?&6%')$%"(("0*@.1%&;&'$/6%')$%?$13)$&6% *1#%*44%')$%'*O$&9%X1%-*3'6%')"&%!.(7%1$$#&%*%)"0)%4$5$4%.-%&+(5$;6%8*@$13$%*1#%"/*0"1*@.19%S+'%"-%!$%!$($%*?4$%'.%#.%"'6%!);%1.'%'(;%*0*"1`

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Landscape Architecture

Mediterranean Botanic Gardens. Albal (Valencia) The Albal Mediterranean Botanic Gar#$1% "&% *1% "1"@*@5$% .-% ')$% N"';% N.+13"4% .-% Albal, a town near Valencia. The project !*&%#$5$4.8$#%*[$(%!"11"10%')$%3./8$@@.1%4*+13)$#%?;%')$%N.+13"49%:)$%0*(#$1%"&% located very close to the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ermita de Santa =1*f6%*%4.5$4;%4"F4$%N)+(3)%!)"3)%')$%=4?*4% people are quite engaged with. The main purpose of the project is to give the residents of Albal a nice place to both enjoy ')$"(% -($$<@/$% *1#% !$$7$1#&% *1#% *4&.% learn something about the Mediterranean autochthonous forests. Furthermore, *% &/*44% ?+"4#"10% &$(5$&% *&% *1% "1-.(/*@.1% centre and environmental classroom, increasing the cultural aim that this garden has. In spite of the economic problems

that the Council has nowadays, the project has become a reality and is ready for public use. The main Garden structure is a long pathway that allows the visitor to !*47% ')(.+0)% ')$% #",$($1'% Q$#"'$((*1$*1% forests such as the pine forest, the holly oak forest, the cork oak forest, the southeast oak forest, the poplar forest, the elms forest, etc. Some species from other Mediterranean areas of the world complete the main garden structure.

The garden has been built in a very ecological and sustainable way, avoiding extra earthworks and with permeable pavements. A lake in the centre of the garden is supplied by a well and also stores the rain water through the drainage pipeline

system. This stored water will be used by ')$%"(("0*@.1%&;&'$/%#+("10%')$%5$0$'*@.1% "/84$/$1'*@.1%@/$9%:)$%"(("0*@.1%&;&'$/% lasts just a couple of years because all the plants are autochthonous and they must grow without any extra water supply because of the rainwater in the future.

Just beside the building a seedbed has been built where children and visitors will be able to plant and care for more Mediterranean plants and improve their knowledge .-%&+3)%"1'$($&@10%*1#%!.1#$(-+4%84*1'&9 We do hope people and children enjoy this new garden and learn a lot about our forests while they enjoying a lovely openair day.

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./

Landscape Architecture

A Garden with a pool below. Alicante Alicante City Council had a list of actions planned in the Via Parque Boulevard, and probably the most interesting one was the building of an indoor swimming pool.

Luckily, we were chosen to draft the pool and adjacent open spaces schemes, because some time ago we has successfully completed the development projects of the central gardens of Via Parque, in the sections between Castalla square and Joaquin Galant Street.

Given the width of the plot of land it wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t easy to find room for the swimming pool. Once we had resolved this problem, we saw that the slope of the land allowed us to build a complete garden if we also inclined the roof of the building. So instead of a typical building with a normal green roof, we had the possibility to design a real garden with a building below. And naturally, being landscape designers, this is exactly what we did. =&%!$44%*&%#."10%')"&6%!$%!$($%*4&.%*?4$%'.%3./84$'$%')$%LM9BBB%&J+*($%

meters garden around the building within budget.

To improve its social character, as it should be in public spaces, we included some features such as a couple of paddle courts and a sport hall, completely free for users, in the original design, without increasing the budget.

Discussions with the engineers to define the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s structure were not easy. A high standards swimming pool must fully comply with a series os strict requirements, for example avoiding columns in the middle of the pool. Also we must not forget that we were planning to build a real garden on the roof, and this added to the diffi3+4';%.-%3.1&'(+3'".1%')$%?+"4#"10%!"')"1%')$%UA%/9% width limit, you can imagine the problems engineers faced.

But when a team needs to find a solution, it finds it, if it works hard enough.

In spite of the inevitable unexpected problems that always occur in every public project, the swimming pool and the surrounding gardens became a reality and they are now open to the city residents.

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

!"#$%&'()*+*,-. ^8.('&%-*3"4"@$&%"1%8+?4"3%*($*&%*($%$&&$1@*4% -.(%*%?$F$(%8$.84$%)$*4')%*1#%')$;%3*1%"13($*&$% ')$%8.&&"?"4"@$&%-.(%3)"4#($1%'.%84*;%"1%+(?*1%*($*&9%^8.('&%-*3"4"@$&%3*1%?$%?+"4'%"1%+(?*1%8*(7&% -.(%*%?$F$(%*1#%)$*4')"$(%$15"(.1/$1'6%?+'%3*($% must be taken about the available space in or#$(% '.% *5."#% *1;% 3.1k"3'% .-% "1'$($&'% ?$'!$$1% ')$% #",$($1'% +&$(&% .-% ?.')% *3@5"@$&9% :)$% ?$&'% way is to take advantage of the biggest urban parks, where the available space is much bigger.

It must be take into account that people inter$&'$#%"1%&8.('&%*3@5"@$&%*($%/.($%#"&8.&$#%'.% '(*5$4%-+(')$(%'.%0$'%')$"(%-*3"4"@$&%')*1%8$.84$% interested in gardens. =%5$(;%"/8.('*1'%J+$&@.1%*?.+'%&8.('&%*($*&%"&%'.%#$21$%')$"(%&'*1#*(#&%.-%)./.4.0*@.19% :)$% #",$($13$&% ?$'!$$1% *% &'*1#*(#% 2$4#% -.(% people to enjoy and one which has ben homologated to the highest standards is very important for investors, and we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need an Olympic Stadium in every neighbourhood.

When sports areas come with changing fa3"4"@$&%!$%/+&'%'*7$%*%?"'%.-%3*($%!"')%?+"4#"10% /*'$("*4&% ?$3*+&$% .-% ')$% 3.1&'(+3@.1% @/$% .-% ')$%?+"4#"10%*&%!$44%*&%')$%"1#..(%-*3"4"@$&9%\.!% 8$.84$% +&$% ')$% -*3"4"@$&% "1% *% 8("5*'$% .(% 8+?4"3% 34+?%"&%J+"'$%#",$($1'9

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Seaside Promenades ^8*"1%"&%*%3.+1'(;%!"')%1$*(4;%R6BBB%7/% .-% 3.*&'4"1$6% !)$($% /.($% ')*1% lBd% .-% ')$% 8.8+4*@.1% 4"5$&9% Q.($.5$(6% /.&'% .-% ')$% resorts are on the coast, where Spain has excellent beaches wich are enjoyed by tourists during their holidays. :)"&%)*&%)*#%*%&"01"23*1'%"/8*3'%.1%')$% development of many coastal walks, commonly known as seaside-promenades. The necessity and appropriateness of many of them are nowadays at stake, both for their "/84$/$1'*@.1% /.#$4% *1#% ')$"(% $15"(.1mental impact, having destroyed some dunes and both terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

A process quite common today, and one wich we had the opportunity to work with, is the remodeling of the old seaside-promenades to adapt them to the environmental, social and scenic reality, usually with the $4"/"1*@.1% .-% ').&$% $4$/$1'&% ')*'% 0$1$(*'$%')$%/.&'%"/8.('*1'%"/8*3'&9%=[$(%')*'% they have been endowed with a much more appropriate feeling to the everyday needs *1#% #$/*1#&% .-% 3"@T$1&6% ?.')% ($&"#$1'&% and tourists. Here we show you some examples of these kinds of works, both new ones and the redevelopment of some old seaside-promenades.

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Old Bed River Turia Gardens The Old Bed Turia River Gardens of Valencia are one of the most impressive gardens all over the world. The chance to work in such important project is always a great dream. And we did it, but it ended as a nightmare rather than a dream.

This story begins with a call from the City Council asking us for an idea for the development of the number VII and IX Gardens. Great call! The number VII Garden should be adapted for a -+'+($%.8$1%*"(%&3+48'+($%/+&$+/%*1#%')$%1+/?$(%Xm%D*(#$1%&).+4#%?$%*#*8'$#%-.(%&).('%@/$% $O)"?"@.1&%&+3)%*&%')$%?..7%-*"(9%]$%!.(7$#%5$(;%)*(#%?$3*+&$%.-%')$%"/8.('*13$%*1#%')$%($sponsibility of such an important order. Some years later the order came for the development of the number XIV Garden from the private investors involved in the development of a new city 1$"0)?.+()..#9%:)"&%"&%')$%&'.(;%.-%*44%.-%')$/G :)$%8(.8.&*4%-.(%')$%1+/?$(%bXX%D*(#$1%1$5$(%4$[%')$%#(*!"10%?.*(#%?+'%"'%($&.45$#%')$%/.&'% "/8.('*1'%#(*!?*37%.-%')$&$%0*(#$1&G%')$%8(.?4$/%"&%')*'%')$%.4#%("5$(%?$#%"&%#$$8$(%')*1%')$% surrounding city, and entering just with either standard stairs or ramps is quite uncomfortable -.(%8$.84$9%Z+(%8(.8.&*4%"134+#$#%&./$%&.4+@.1&%-.(%')"&%8(.?4$/%?.')%-.(%&'*"(&%*1#%(*/8&%')*'% (*1%-(./%')$%3"';%4$5$4%'.%')$%?$#%4$5$46%&'*(@10%*1#%$1#"10%*'%')$%&*/$%5$(@3*4%8."1'9%=1;!*;% the proposal never saw the light of day.

The proposal for the number IX Garden was accepted and developed but was built without .+(%3.1'(.46%&.%"'%!*&%?+"4'%!"')%')$%3)$*8$&'%*1#%!.(&'%/*'$("*4&%*1#%84*1'&%')*'%')$;%3.+4#%21#9% :)$%3./84$'$%4*;<.+'%!*&%1$5$(%21"&)$#%*1#%')$%?..7%-*"(%1$5$(%'..7%84*3$%')$($9 Finally came the number XIV Garden, the biggest part of all the Old Bed Turia Gardens, split in &).('$(%0*(#$1&%?$3*+&$%.-%"'&%&"T$9%X1%-*3'%&./$%8*('&%.-%')$%0*(#$1%*($%&@44%+1?+"4'9%:)$($%"&%.14;% a small sloped garden that remains as it was in the original project. Unfortunately the promoters *1#%')$%N.+13"4%#$&'(.;$#%')$%.("0"1*4%"#$*%3)*10"10%3./84$'$4;%')$%.("0"1*4%4*;<.+'9%Z+(%2(&'% idea was to recover the water presence in the old river bed. Incredibly, all the architects involved "1%8($5".+&%!.(7&%"1%')$&$%0*(#$1&%)*#%-.(0.F$1%')*'%')$%84*3$%)*#%?$$1%*%("5$(%?$-.($9%:)$16% .+(%0*(#$1%0($!%-(./%')$%!*'$(3.+(&$%'.%')$%("5$(%?*17&%'(.+0)%')$%#",$($1'%-.($&'%;.+%3*1%21#% "1%$5$(;%Q$#"'$((*1$*1%("5$(G%!"44.!&6%8.84*(&%*1#%$4/&9%Z-%3.+(&$%')$%1$!%!*'$(3.+(&$%?.(#$(&% !$($%4"1$#%!"')%4"F4$%($$#&%4"7$%$5$(;%4.3*4%#"'3)9%W.1$%.-%')"&%!*&%1$5$(%/*#$9%%P.(%($*&.1&%')*'%X% */%1.'%*?4$%'.%+1#$(&'*1#%g.(%X%!.1Y'h%*44%')"&%?$*+@-+4%4*;<.+'%3)*10$#%'.%*%($*44;%?.("10%0*(#$1% with just grass and some trees always located far enough to make it lawn mowing easier. Apparently it was all they were interested in. In short, a nightmare rather than a dream.

Landscape Architecture

/0&1#2"-,,#3.

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Landscape Architecture

1#2"-,,#3.

Z5$(%')$%;$*(&%!$%)*5$%8*(@3"8*'$#%"1%&./$%3.1'$&'&6%?.')% -.(% 4.3*4% *1#% 1*@.1*4% 8(.I$3'&9% ='% 2(&'% ')$% "#$*% "&% *4!*;&% 0..#6% and reveals the work of many people which would otherwise not ?$%8.&&"?4$9%:)(.+0)%')"&%&$4$3@.1%8(.3$&&%!$%)*5$%#$5$4.8$#%*% 3.+84$%.-%5$(;%"1'$($&@10%8(.I$3'&6%*[$(%)*5"10%!.1%')$%3./8$@@.16%.-%3.+(&$9 Nevertheless we have developed the uncanny ability of taking &$3.1#%84*3$9%S+'%.[$1%')$%.(0*1"T$(&%)*5$%3.1'*3'%+&%"1%.(#$(% to modify the winning project with our ideas. This kind of things )*#%%4$#%+&%'.%')$%3.134+&".1%')*'%')$%3./8$@@.1%8(.3$&&%($&+4'&% in many people working for free without the slightest guarantee of being rewarded by the jury.

N.1&$J+$1'4;6%!$%!"44%1.%4.10$(%!.(7%-.(%-($$%+1@4%')$%&$4$3@.1%8(.3$&&%"&%3)*10$#6%*'%')$%&*/$%@/$%!$%4.5$%'.%#(*!%*1#% propose many new ideas.

2

LEMA:

MIRANDO A LA CIUDAD

ALZADO DESDE LA CALLE D ALBERCA

Imagen propuesta para el bosque jardín del entorno de Can Tomeu, como fondo visual y conector con la montaña.

Imagen propuesta para algunos de los equipamientos esenciales en un Parque de estas dimensiones. Proponemos completarlo con un servicio de alquileres de lectura electrónica (e-book)

Imagen de la frondosidad vegetal deseada, conformada por especies autóctonas, naturalizadas y adaptadas, de probada amistad con el clima y el lugar.

Componentes esenciales para el confort ciudadano en un parque mediterráneo: buenos árboles frondosos, su sombra acompañada de agua y algunos asientos deonde descansar mente y cuerpo.

1

PANEL NUMERO 1: condicionantes, valores, intenciones y propuesta de ordenación. nación.

MIRANDO A LA CIUDAD. MIrar a la ciudad es mirar al territorio de donde surgió, a la manera en que creció, a sus gentes y a sus tradiciones, a sus historias y a sus anhelos, a su futuro y a sus esperanzas, a su idea de crecer y a su manera de hacerlo. Y también es mirar por y para que todo ello se desarrolle de la mejor manera posible, tanto para sus gentes como para su entorno y sus recursos, que son los que deberán disfrutar sus próximos ciudadanos. Y, por supuesto, con infinito respeto y serenidad hacia todos ellos: personas, recursos, ciudad y territorio.

El proyecto plantea el ajuste de las viviendas previstas por el avance del Plan Parcial. Manteniendo su misma ubicación y aprovechamiento, pero reordenándolas perpendiculares a la calle D Albarca, en un intento de conseguir una mejor orientación, al tiempo que se les abre las vistas hacia el parque. Un edificio de planta baja, con la cubierta ajardinada, destinado a usos comerciales y comunitarios, se alinea con la propia calle y con las plantaciones geométricas que la estructuran. Este edificio absolutamente transparente, en tanto que alterna paredes de cristal con pasos abiertos, actúa de zócalo del conjunto edificatorio y de control de acceso, no sólo al parque, sino también a los espacios libres comunitarios. Un final del conjunto de edificios apoyado sobre un paseo en curva, permite romper la monotonía de una alineación excesivamente rigurosa. Los márgenes de los bancales de piedra, manteniendo los existente cuando sea posible o recuperándolos para reconstruirloss una vez terminada la urbanización del entorno de los nuevos os

ALZADO POR EL EJE CENTRAL DEL PARQUE

PERSPECTIVA GENERAL DEL PARQUE DESDE LA TERRAZA SUPERIOR

PERSPECTIVA GENERAL NOCTURNA DEL PARQUE DESDE LA TERRAZA SUPERIOR

Vista de los jardines abancalados del lado edificado

edificios, permiten coser esta zona del parque pa arque con el verde privado, al tiempo que nos permiten recrear miten recre ear un paisaje rural que se organiza por especies en bancales n los bancal ales existentes, lo cual fija la memoria histórica de un perdido. n mundo p erdido. Aquí, las especies tradicionales de los cultivos secano, vos de seca ano, propias del paisaje mediterráneo, como olivos, algarrobos, s, algarrobo bos, almendros, viñas, etc., se plantarán ordenadamente ente y se ac acompañaran de mobiliario urbano confeccionado o a base de e elementos recuperados de la tradición constructiva iva de la isla a (madera, rajol , piedra, cal, mortero, mortero de cal, ...)

Estos antiguoss bancales d de e cultivo son la parte mas natural del parque y en encontraremos n ellos enco contraremos espacios recogidos para actividades tranquilas. anquilas. Su u geometría se refuerza con la plantación de árboles arbustos oles y arbus ustos que forman líneas que se alargan hasta penetrar trar en el ve verde privado. Junto a la masía protegida de Can Tomeú, plantea meú, se pla antea un conjunto de huertos urbanos con una doble le función, lla a de que los niños puedan realizar practicas hortícolas de las dentro d e un programa educativo, teniendo en cuanta la reubicación eubicación d del espacio escolar, y la de servir de campo de prácticas Escuela ticas a la Es scuela Taller allí ubicada por el Ayuntamiento.

Con al intención inten ención de mejorar la capacidad de servicio de los espacios deportivos spacios dep portivos y escolar, se han reubicado los mismos, de manera que e el escolar tenga un acceso a través del parque y el deportivo o pueda tener un doble uso: por una parte un espacio cerrado y controlado para aquellas instalaciones que requieran mayor un may yor control, y por otra, diversos espacios deportivos de acceso. libre a cceso.

ENTORNO TERRITORIAL Y URBANO

ENTORNO SOCIAL Y ECONOMICO CO

ENTORNO NATURAL Y CULTURAL

ENTORNO TRADICIONAL AGRICOLA

MEDITERRANEO

RELACIONES RELACIO ONES

RESPETO

EQUILIBRIO EQUILIBR RIO

0 01 02 02

03 0 3

04 04

05 5

06 06

0 7 07

08

Vista de la terraza desde la pradera central

09

13 3

ISLA

Vista desde la calle D Alberca hacia el parque

CAPITULO

N

N

N

N

Transplantes previos Desmontaje de muros de piedra Movimiento de tierras Red de drenaje y captación Recontrucción muros de piedra Nuevos muros de piedra Muros, escaleras y rampas de hormigón Red de riego, acequias, alberca y aljibe Red de MT Red de alumbrado Red de agua potable Pavimentos de terracota, adoquín y terrizo Mejora de suelos vegetales Arbolado

Imagen del paisaje característico del secano de la isla, con los suaves bancales de piedra seca en pendiente y que intentan ilustrar el sentido deseado para la gran zona central del nuevo Parque de Can Escandell.

LOS PAVIMENTOS: Para garantizar la recarga del subsuelo y disponer de reservas de agua para el arbolado, todos los pavimentos son permeables, y cuando la pendiente lo exige, para evitar la erosión, se emplearán adoquines sobre arena con llaga de anchura suficiente para garantizar la permeabilidad. En zonas amplias y planas se emplearán terrizos compactados y de granulometría adecuada para evitar barro y polvo.

EL AGUA: Un aljibe en la cota más baja recoge las aguas grises de las viviendas y de los vestuarios. Tras un tratamiento de decantación se bombea a la alberca de la cota 29 con energía eólica. El agua cae por gravedad por la acequia para oxigenarse y llega al estanque donde las plantas palustres completan la depuración para el riego, que es completamente subterráneo para máximizar su eficiencia.

LA VEGETACIÓN: Un gran parque urbano debe disponer de la vegetación suficiente, adaptada y adecuada para cumplir su función de pulmón, de sumidero de contaminantes y, en el caso de Ibiza, contribuir a crear un ambiente fresco y confortable. Con las aguas grises depuradas y un sistema de riego localizado y enterrado, y con las especies adecuadas de árboles, arbustos, tapizantes y praderas, es posible conseguirlo.

EL ALUMBRADO: Se plantea el alumbrado del Parque con los medios y materiales más eficientes de los que se disponen en la actualidad, descartando, desgraciadamente, el uso de energías que no pueden garantizar los estándares de seguridad necesarios. Aún así, habrá dos tipologías: una de leds para los recorridos de necesaria iluminación nocturna, y otra de halogenuros metálicos cerámicos para encendidos complementarios.

Arbustos, tapizantes y praderas Juegos, bancos y complementos urbanos Mantenimiento dos años TOTAL PARQUE (PEM) TOTAL PARQUE (SIN IVA) Deportivo (vestuario) Deportivo (canchas e instalaciones)

IMPORTE

IGUALDAD

VALOR

RITMO

14 4

15 5

€/M2

150.000,00 175.000,00 230.000,00 220.000,00 175.000,00 250.000,00 550.000,00 850.000,00 150.000,00 1.200.000,00 150.000,00 1.050.000,00 150.000,00 650.000,00 550.000,00 350.000,00 1.500.000,00 8.350.000,00 59.64 9.936.500,00 70.98 450.000,00 375.000,00

CONSTRUIDO

PAZ

TRADICION

BANCAL

PLAN

RIQUEZA

BRISA

ESPERA

FUTURO

AMISTAD

RECUPERAR

OPORTUNIDAD

SITUACIÓN - RELACIONES - VALORES - CONDICIONANTES Se analizan, muy brevemente, cuatro aspectos fundamentales previos a cualquier decisión de diseño y ordenación del nuevo Parque: 1: Clima, territorio y topografía. Viento, temperatura y lluvia, claves para el confort del Parque y su desarrollo futuro. Topografía para adaptarse al lugar, en todos los aspectos, y rentabilizar los recursos disponibles.

2: Conexiones. Con el verde urbano, clave para una estrategía de uso y aprovechamiento de los espacios verdes urbanos.

3: Conexiones. Visuales y de movilidad, para los residentes y visitantes, con independencia del tráfico rodado.

4: Los Valores. Reconocimiento y puesta en valor de los recursos culturales, históricos y visuales del lugar. Son la mejor base para un nuevo Parque útil, válido y confortable.

140

70

120

60

100

50

80

40

60

30

40

20

20 0

10

E F MAM J J A S O N D

0

N NW

NE

W

E

SW

SE S

Temperaturas (Media 17.9 º)

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA PROPUESTA El parque de Can Escandell es un parque moderno y abierto, al que consideramos como una unidad a pesar de que dispone de diferentes zonas o ambientes. La intención es que el ambiente sea distinto según el punto del parque en el que te encuentres pero que su percepción sea global.

Caminos, vegetación y agua se combinan armónicamente con una base geométrica irregular donde se distinguen las plantaciones nuevas con vegetación autóctona y aclimatada de los ejemplares preexistentes, que prviamente habrán sido protegidos o transplantados.

Escaleras y rampas comunican las terrazas entre ellas y facilitan el transitar por un recorrido botánico de raíz absolutamente mediterránea y configurado con especies propias de la isla, ya sean naturales ya sean las tradicionales, utilizadas por sus pobladores desde los albores de su colonización.

El ascenso desde la cota más baja, la más próxima a la ciudad, hacia la parte más alta de la zona de bancales y donde se encuentra la gran terraza abalconada, desde donde disfrutar mirando a la ciudad , se produce, bien por el camino serpenteante que lo separa de la zona edificada, donde arbustos de margen (componente esencial de los ecosistemas agroforestales) rompen la monotonía y aportan diferenciación cromática en las épocas de floración y reducen la erosión de los taludes, bien por el camino que limita con la tanca de piedra que se matiza con los colores de la viña verge , especie de parra mediterránea y que se combina con retama de olor blanca y amarilla. Junto al muro un canal de riego desciende por pequeñas plataformas y el sonido del agua, saltando entre las losas de hormigón, nos recuerda el pasado árabe de nuestra tradición agrícola.

La serpiente actúa como corredor ecológico y ciudadano, conectando el paso elevado de la Avenida de La Pau (paso obligado hacia el centro de la ciudad) con los espacios naturales del Puig des Cònsol.

Como telón de fondo, tras la gran terraza y la masía de Can Tomeu, un bosque típico del Jardín tradicional compuesto por grandes olivos, palmeras y cipreses, conecta visualmente con la montaña.

Otros elementos arquitectónicos jalonan el discurrir del parque hacia su parte baja, pérgolas, muros de hormigón, zonas pavimentadas, juegos deportivos e infantiles, dan paso a un sutil auditorio cuyas gradas en forma de bancales de madera rodeando un espacio cuyo telón de fondo es la propia ciudad, el dalt vila y, en ultima instancia, el mar, nos trae inconscientemente a la memoria el mundo greco-romano de los primeros pobladores.

Los equipamientos previstos por el planeamiento se articulan sucesivamente a lo largo de la calle des Jondal, dando abrigo al parque. La realidad construida de estos equipamientos (deportivos y educativos) permite pensar en una baja intensidad edificatoria con gran proporción de espacios libres. Esta configuración nos permite de nuevo interrelacionar el parque con la ciudad.

Suponemos las cubiertas de los edificios (vestuario deportivo, escuela taller, escolar...) con cubiertas ajardinadas, al igual que el edificio ‒ zócalo de la calle D Albarca, creando un anillo verde al Parque. Estas cubiertas, correctamente ejecutadas, permiten la captación de las lluvias hasta cantidades muy importantes, con la mejora evidente en la red de saneamiento urbana. Además, contribuyen a la mejora ambiental del entorno.

Un conjunto de plátanos y palmeras, salpicados por algunos cipreses señalarán de forma inequívoca el punto de acceso al parque por su parte baja y a pesar de que el concurso limita el área de actuación por esta vertiente a la calle des Putxet, el equipo redactor considera imprescindible para que este parque cumpla con su cometido, que el municipio ponga los medios urbanísticos adecuados para conseguir su verdadera conexión con la ciudad a través del eje verde que insinuamos y que acaba en la pasarela que cruza la Avenida de La Pau. Naturalmente que desconociendo los limites posibles de esta zona, en parte ocupada por vialidad, el ejercicio es pura insinuación pero nos atrevemos a vaticinar que la recuperación de estos espacios marginales junto con la remodelación de la pasarela son aspectos de vital importancia que extienden la zona de influencia del parque a toda la cuidad.

Resumiendo, un Parque que pretende mirar a la ciudad y a sus ciudadanos, a sus tradiciones y a su futuro de una manera eficiente, sana, elegante y serena, con el firme propósito de brindar a sus habitantes un lugar con caracter y capacidad para satisfacer sus necesidades vitales de la manera más confortable posible.

Precipitaciones (Total 427 mm)

Mirando a la ciudad

10 0

11 11

12 2

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Landscape Architecture

'*$.%&43%-$3(,#3(+&1#35$-..&#6&%$--.

The place where this garden was to be located, is very close to the Valencia Congress Palace, and this fact gave us the idea of arranging the park as if it were holding a summit. And as it would be a public garden, we thought that the best possible congress would be the trees themselves. The structure of the park is based on the classic elements of any 3.1-$($13$G% *% ($3$8@.1% 8."1'% !)$($% 8*(@3"8*1'&%3.44$3'%')$%"1"@*4%#.3+/$1'*@.1n%')$16% the typical cliques who are reunited every ;$*(% *'% ')$&$% $5$1'&n% ')$16% ')$% 8*(@3"8*1'&% *F$1#% '.% ')$% /.&'% "1'$($&@10% 4$3'+($&% % .(% !.(7&).8&n%.')$(&%'*7$%*%4..7%*'%').&$%&'*44&% ')*'% ')$% &+88.(@10% 3./8*1"$&% #.% ?$'!$$1% sessions, etc. Obviously you cannot miss the ?*(%!)$($%8*(@3"8*1'&%)*5$%*%#("17%*'%?($*7&% *1#%4+13)@/$9%=%7$;%$4$/$1'%"&%')$%21*4%&$&sion in honour of all fallen comrades either "1%/*1;%+(?*1%(.*#%($1.5*@.1&%.(%"1%')$%"/84$/$1'*@.1% .-% 1$!% "1-(*&'(+3'+($6% "134+#"10%')$%"1*+0+(*@.1%.-%*%/.1+/$1'%'.%')$"(% memory. Project was not implemented. But it was fun to drawing it.

01 RECEPTION

10

02 COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTATION 03 TYPICAL CLIQUES

07

04 LECTURES

08 09

05 PLENARY SESSION 06 COFFEE BREAK

05

07 MR. CHAIRMAN

09 FUNERAL MARCH

11 03

10 SEE YOU NETX TIME 02 11 VALE OF TEARS 12 CONCLUSIONS

04

06

08 MARTIRS MEMMORIAL

01

03

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Landscape Architecture

Hortus Beneixidae X1%Z3'.?$(%LeRK%/.($%')*1%25$%'("44".1%3+?"3%/$ters of rainwater fell in less than twelve hours on the Jucar river basin. The water level rose by nine thousand cubic meters per second (more than the Amazon River). The river eventually deposited this incredible amount of water in sea, but along the way it destroyed everything it found such as bridges, roads, -*(/&% *1#% $1@($4;% #$&'(.;$#% &./$% &/*44% '.!1&9% % X1% fact, Jucar, that is the river name, means “devastating”.

One of the small towns absolutely erased from ')$% /*8&% !*&% S$1$"O"#*9% :)*'% @/$% 8.4"@3"*1&% #$cided to build a new town for Beneixida, in a safer place, as well as for the other destroyed towns. And ')$% .4#% '.!1% .-% S$1$"O"#*% ($/*"1$#% -.(0.F$16% -($$% of the houses that the river had made into mackerel.

Only the old church remains in place. Some years lat$(%')$%:.!1%N.+13"4%*&7$#%')$/&$45$&G%])*'%3*1%!$% #.%"1%')$%84*3$%!)$($%.+(%).+&$&%!)$($`%X'%/+&'%?$% taken into account that the old town had existed for many centuries at least, and people’s feelings, above all the older peoples’s, were a very important ques@.19%:)$%N.+13"4%*&7$#%')$%W*@.1*4%D.5$(1/$1'%-.(% &./$%&+00$&@.1&%*1#%')$%o5$(;%34$5$(f%=0("3+4'+(*4% Q"1"&'$(%&+00$&'$#%84*1@10%.(*10$%'($$&9%D($*'%"#$*p% Beneixida is a farmer’s town where almost everybody )*&% ')$"(% .!1% .(*10$% '($$&% 2$4#9% % =1#% /.($% ;$*(&% 8*&'%.5$(%')$%-.(0.F$1%.4#% Beneixida lands.

One day the Major *&7$#%+&%-.(%*%/$$@106%*1#% we went. He asked us for some ideas about what to do with the old town. We promised him we would think about that, and then !$% !$1'% '.% .+(% .>3$% *1#% began to think about that.

Some weeks later we came back to the new Council !"')%*1%"#$*%+1#$(%.+(%*(/G% to transform the place occupied by the old town into a philosophical and literary garden, as a school for the most spiritual side of 3)"4#($1% $#+3*@.19% X1"@*44;% nobody said anything. Probably they expected many things, but never a garden full of riddles where children could discover people such as Plato, Aristo-

tle, Dante, Shakespeare, Cervantes, and many other V.I.P.’s like them. And all these things will happen in a playing way. Finally they agreed, but they made an $1.(/.+&%/"&'*7$G%='%')*'%@/$%')$%q$0".1*4%D.5$(1/$1'% _($&"#$1'% !*&% "15.45$#% "1% )"&% .!1% #($*/G% '.% build a Theme Park in the town where he had been Major. And the Beneixida Major’s very big mistake was to say to the media he was to build a Theme Park on the old Beneixida town place. Of course the immediate consequence was a direct call from the President to people who managed aid for the towns #$&'(.;$#%?;%')$%LeRK%k..#%9%]$%#.1Y'%71.!%)"&%$Oact words, but the project was neglected and forgot'$1%*1#%4$[%.1%*%&)$4-%=1#%1.!6%')*'%($*44;%?$*+@-+4%% special place where so many people died and where &.%/*1;%8$.84$%4$[%')$"(%/$/.("$&%"&%-+44%.-%.(*10$% trees. What a shame !

3. Landscape

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Landscape Architecture

Ordinary Landscape Landscape is one of those things that will never )*#%*%&"104$%#$21"@.16%1.%/*F$(%).!%)*(#%!$%'(;9% Landscape doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t belong to the real world, the world of objects and phenomena. Landscape doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t ?$4.10%'.%')$%8);&"3*4%!.(4#9%:)$%/.($%!$%*F$/8'% to the landscape the further it will be from us. Landscape is, as the poet said, invisibility transformed in visibility. In spite of such philosophical view, the ideas we have about landscape are more important for our 4"-$%')*1%!$%($*4"T$9%]$%*($%)"0)4;%"1k+$13$#%?;%.+(% surroundings, and as we take care of it, it will take care of us. This landscape that we have so close is the ordinary landscape instead of the distance landscape

')*'%!$%&$$%-(./%@/$%'.%@/$9%P.(%;$*(&% !$%)*5$%&8$1'%.+(%@/$%*1#%/.1$;%8($&$(5"10% ').&$% ?$*+@-+4% 8.&'3*(#% 4*1#scapes and it has been well done, of course. But we must now be concerned ')*'%/.1$;%"&%?$F$(%&8$1'%)$*4"10%&"37% people than caring for healthy people.

We need to care more about the ordinary landscape that we have spent no /.1$;% .19% X'&% @/$% '.% &'*('% #."10% *1#% 0"5$% 8$.84$% *% ?$F$(%4*1#&3*8$% 1$*(?;% ?$3*+&$%')"&%!"44%0"5$%')$/%*%?$F$(%4"-$9% And we need it.

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H3*'$0.(;H8*"&*I$&<.(#"1*(".&H$&'+#".&<#$<8*"&*I$H

Landscape Architecture

Visual and Landscape Impact Assessment One of the most important things that people are concerned about is the environment and landscape. Recently, many Euro8$*1%N.+1'("$&%)*5$%&"01$#%')$%r*1#&3*8$%j+(.8$*1%N.15$1@.1% (LEC) which clearly insists on the cultural and heritage values that the landscape has. This “storm” about landscape care has released *%4.'%.-%1$!%4*!&%$"')$(%1*@.1*4%.(%($0".1*4%.1$&%*?.+'%4*1#&3*8$% assessment and management. The LEC says without doubt that every territory is a landscape instead of the old idea that a land&3*8$%"&%*%-*(%*!*;%?$*+@-+4%"&.4*'$#%84*3$9%_4*3$&%!)"3)%!$%3*1% only enjoy on weekends and on calendars. The most important landscape is the surroundings where we live, but for many years (at least in some countries) this closest landscapes have been de&'(.;$#% *1#% -.(0.F$1% *?.+'% ?;% ')$% 4*1#&3*8$% *+').("@$&9% :)"&% landscape where we spend almost all our own life is called Ordi1*(;% r*1#&3*8$9% =1#% ')$&$% 4*1#&3*8$&% 244% .+(% 4*1#&3*8$(% /"1#9% We try to convince people about the importance of these ordinary landscapes so that the more people care about their immediate $15"(.1/$1'6% ')$% ?$F$(% "'% !"44% 4..7% *[$(% ')$/9% =1#% ')$% !.(&$% their surroundings, the worse their life will be. One of the most "/8.('*1'%^8*1"&)%8)"4.&.8)$(&%&*"#%/*1;%;$*(&%*0.G%os.+%*($%;.+% and your circumstance, and as you treat her, she will treat you”.

!

Lloma de Vélez

!

100

100

Lloma de Vélez

90

ruinas romanas

90

90

el Llac

100

el Llac

90

1

ruinas romanas

Not every society is a landscape society and also the way each &.3"$';%)*&%?$3*/$%*%4*1#&3*8$%&.3"$';%"&%#",$($1'%*/.10%')$/9% The landscape has a cultural origin, never a natural origin as ecolo0"&'&%'(;%'.%3.15"13$%+&9%=44%')$%"1"@*@5$&%'.%8($&$(5$%W*'+($%*($% very welcomed, but we must understand than landscape is just the way we have learned to watch Nature as no other living being can. This is something that only can be cultural, ergo must be taught either at home and at school. The more we improve the knowledge of such important points of view about our surroundings, the more we will increase our quality of life that is to say our happiness. And the more we improve the landscape of every territory rather ')*1% ')$% /.&'% ?$*+@-+4% .1$&6% the more we will have a much ?$F$(%j*(')9

el Ricós

!

1

ruinas romanas

Lloma de Vélez

el Llac el Ricós

el Ricós

Mas de Vélez

Mas de Vélez

!

ruinas romanas

Lloma de Vélez

el Llac el Ricós Mas de Vélez

Mas de Vélez 110

100

els Pous de Martí

els Pous de Martí Urbanización la Canyada

Lloma de l'Espart

Lloma de l'Espart

2

Lloma de l'Espart

60

Turi

a

Río

90

!

A

80

60

el Martinot

el Mirador

6

el Mirador

Río

Turi a

Turi a

70

a

Río

Barranc del Pixador

90

Turi

2

el Martinot

Barranc del Pixador

el Mirador

el Mirador Río

Lloma de l'Espart

Urbanización la Canyada

el Martinot

Barranc del Pixador

el Martinot

6

7

90

7 Barranc del Pixador

els Pous de Martí

Urbanización la Canyada 90

Urbanización la Canyada

80

70

90

els Pous de Martí

50

CV -3

Ba

la Presa

rra

de

la

Se

Bonavista 70

rra

E.T.A.P. Manises

CV

50

nc

70

5

60

E.T.A.P. Manises

el Collado

60

Bonavista

el Collado

Ba

la Presa

rra

nc

de

la

Se

-3

rra

CV

Bonavista E.T.A.P. Manises

5

el Collado

Ba

la

Se

rra

E.T.A.P. Manises

el Collado

Ba

la Presa

rra

nc

de

la

Se

rra

io de Rub

io de Rub anc

3

3l'Assut

Barr

70

l'Assut

anc

io Barr

Barr

anc

anc

90

50

3l'Assut

4

de Rub

de Rub

io

4 3

rra

de

80

la Presa

nc

Bonavista

-37 0

70

l'Assut

Barr

-37 0

50

CV

50

Ramblas / Barrancos

Terra Canters

A-7

Urbanización Curvas normales Montemayor

2-5%

4. Cauce del río Turia y terrazas dluviales adscritas

5 - 10 % el Mas de Febo

!

A

Punto de observación

Cuenca visual desde el Mirador

10 - 25 % 25 - 50 % > 50 %

Terra Canters

A-7

A-7 la Tapieta

Despenyaperros

Despenyaperros

Despenyaperros

70

Urbanización Montemayor

Urbanización Montemayor

60

Curvas directoras

<2%

Terra Canters la Tapieta

80

Curvas de nivel

60

Unidades de paisaje

60

Pendiente del terreno

5. Suelo industrial y servicios 6. Urbanizaciones residenciales unifamiliares. Densidad media/alta

A-7 la Tapieta

Islas fluviales Despenyaperros

1. Bosque maduro de pinar en terreno ondulado 2. Bosque de pinar en regeneración con incrustaciones de bancales de frutales 3. Cultivos de secano en proceso de abandono y ocupación residencial aislada

7. Bancales de frutales de regadío en las terrazas del río

Terra Canters

Lámina de agua

la Tapieta

Urbanización Montemayor

Unidades de paisaje

el Mas de Febo

1. Bosque maduro de pinar en terreno ondulado 2. Bosque de pinar en regeneración con incrustaciones de bancales de frutales 3. Cultivos de secano en proceso de abandono y ocupación residencial aislada 4. Cauce del río Turia y terrazas dluviales adscritas 6. Urbanizaciones residenciales unifamiliares. Densidad media/alta 7. Bancales de frutales de regadío en las terrazas del río

Visibilidad

Visibilidad

5. Suelo industrial y servicios

Alta el Mas de Febo

Media Baja

Alta el Mas de Febo

Media Baja

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H3*'$0.(;H8*"&*I$&<.(#"1*(".&H$&'+#".&<#$<8*"&*I$H

Landscape Architecture

7(38.)("-&43%-5$(,#3&9..-..2-3% ^"13$%*%-$!%;$*(&%*0.%/*1;%^8*1"&)%=#/"1"&'(*@.1&6%?.')%1*@.1*4%*1#%($0".1*46%*($%*&7"10%-.(%*1%$15"(.1/$1'*4%*&&$&&/$1'% of either every new development or public work. In the last years these assessments must include the landscape impacts control as a major issue. In fact, in some places, a landscape assessment is necessary as a separate document from general environmental assessments. These new issues are known as Landscape Integra@.1%^'+#;%grX^h6%*1#%')$;%*($%/*1#*'.("$&%?;%&$5$(*4%($0".1*4%D.5ernments.

We follow a methodological scheme for the LIS we develop that allows us to get a simultaneous knowledge of both the site landscape values and the new development project. Indeed, we 1$$#%*%34$*(%*1#%J+"37%3.//+1"3*@.1%&7"44%?$'!$$1%')$%8(.I$3'% team and our own team. Thanks to this way of working we can achieve a successfull assessment about the major disturbances of ')$%4*1#&3*8$%*1#6%/.($%.5$(6%'.%)$48%'.%21#%')$%?$&'%3*($%')*'% builders might have with landscape.

Z+(% $5*4+*@.1% /$').#% ?$0"1&% !"')% *% &"'$% 4*1#&3*8$% &+(5$;% !)"3)%3.+4#%?$%#">3+4'%#$8$1#"10%.1%')$%&"'$%4*1#&3*8$%3./84$Oity. As a result of this survey, we will have a classic view of the landscape value and we will be ready to proceed to catalogue it. In spite of these landscape values wich is all that is required by law, we canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t understand the landscape only with these environmental values. In fact some governments clearly require avoiding any *$&')$@3%5"$!%*?.+'%')$%4*1#&3*8$9%:)"&%/*1#*'.(;%/+&'%&.+1#% quite incredible for many people from many countries, but this is ')$%#",$($13$%?$'!$$1%')$%&.3"$@$&%!"')%*%4*1#&3*8$%?*370(.+1#% and those without. Of course, Spain belongs to the last ones. ]$% 3.1&"#$(% 5$(;% "/8.('*1'% ')$% &'*7$).4#$(&% 8*(@3"8*@.1% "1%')$%!).4$%$5*4+*@.1%*1#%*&&$&&/$1'%8(.3$&&9%X1%.(#$(%'.%0$'% ')$"(%)$48%*1#%$10*0"10%'.%')$%&3)$/$6%!$%.(0*1"T$%/$$@10&%"1% the most important town places such as the City Council, neigh-

?.+(%&.3"$@$&6%/+&"3*46%&8.('%*1#%3+4'+(*4%&.3"$@$&6%&3)..4&6%)"0)% schools, markets, etc. Furthermore, we launch a Web-site with all ')$%"1-.(/*@.1%')$%8$.84$%1$$#%'.%71.!%*?.+'%')$%1$!%8(.I$3'6% ')$%"/8*3'&%.1%')$%4*1#&3*8$%*1#%')$%8(.8.&$#%/$*&+($&%'.%/"@0*'$%')$/9%S.')%/$$@10&%*1#%]$?<&"'$%*($%0$1$(.+&4;%*#5$(@&$#% ')(.+0)%1$!&8*8$(&%*1#%.>3"*4%0.5$(1/$1'%?+44$@1&9 :)$%/*"1%rX^%&3)$/$%"&%*&%-.44.!&G L9j15"(.1/$1'*4%*1#%_(.I$3'%&+(5$; K9r*1#&3*8$%&+(5$; U9r*!&6%Q*1#*'.("$&%*1#%q$0+4*@.1&%"15.45$#%"1%')$%*&&$&&/$1' 4.Landscape Units. Landscape character. Landscape value.

A9^'*7$).4#$(&%3.1&+4'*@.1& 6.Appropriate assessment methodology 7.Compliance with the requirements R9r*1#&3*8$%X1'$0(*@.1%b*4+*@.1 e9b"&+*4%X1'$0(*@.1%b*4+*@.1 LB9q$&+4'&%*1#%3.134+&".1& LL9^*/84$&%.-%')$%&"'$%?.')%?$-.($%*1#%*-'$(%3*($%/$*&+($&%*884"3*'".1 LK9X1'$0(*@.1%8(.8.&$#%/$*&+($&%*1#%"/84$/$1'*@.1%84*1

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Landscape and Infrastructure New infrastructure always involves some impact on both the landscape and the environment. This impact can be very high where the *($*%-.(%')$%"1-(*&'(+3'+($Y&%"/84$/$1'*@.1%)*&% *%&8$3"*4%&"01"23*13$%-.(%')$%4*1#&3*8$9 We are convinced that the works and surveys that are usually carried out with the aim of resolving the impact only patches up the problem. We think these studies must be planned in advance.

D..#% "1'$0(*@.1% .-% "1-(*&'(+3'+($% "1'.% ')$% environment must give the feeling that that infrastructure has been always there. This can only be achieved if both the design team and the landscape and environmental team work together from the very begining of the project.If !$%!*"'%+1@4%')$%8(.I$3'%)*&%?$$1%3./84$'$#%'.% ?$0"1%')$%($&'.(*@.1%!.(76%-*"4+($%"&%"1$5"'*?4$9 ]$%)*5$%/*1*0$#%&./$%"1'$0(*@.1%*1#%($/$#"*@.1%&+(5$;&%"1%*%&+33$&&-+4%!*;%')*17&%'.% ')$%/$').#.4.0;%/$1@.1$#%*?.5$6%*1#%!$%*($% very proud of this. But unfortunately it is not always possible to work together with the design team. If working together is impossible, it will ?$%/.($%#">3+4'%*1#%/.($%$O8$1&"5$6%*1#%')$% 21*4%($&+4'%!"44%?$%!.(&$9

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Landscape and Waste Water Plants Waste water plants are industrial facilities that have an important role in ecological urban development, but their visual impact and the bad odour they produce, give them a bad reputation. One way to change the bad image they have, is to transform them into green and exuberant gardens even open to visit. These facilities are a good option for school trips and they can teach children a lot about how they and their families waist water and how much it cost to decontaminate it.

We have had the chance to transform some WWP into places with a better atmosphere, !"').+'% *1;% #"&'+(?*13$% '.% ')$"(% ($*4% !.(7G% '.% clean our dirty water.

Landscape Architecture

4. Private Gardens

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H')$<!$&@1<5*4$13"*<0*(#$1&<*1#<8*@.H

&&&&:;-&<-.,3&=(+-3)*(&>($8-3.&(38&?(,#0&Valencia. Spain :)$% ^'*(!..#% ]$&@1% b*4$13"*% \.'$4% "&% .1$% .-% the most luxurious hotels in Spain. It is located in the Mediterranean city of Valencia, and occupies a restored old building that was originally construct$#%"1%*%/.#$(1"&'%&';4$%#*@10%-(./%LeLt9 :)$% 3$1'(*4% _*@.% )*&% *% L9RBB% /K% &+(-*3$9% :)$% $1@($% &+(-*3$6% $O3$8'% MBB% /K% ')*'% *($% 4.3*'$#% "1% ')$%3$1'($%.-%')$%8*@.6%"&%.5$(%')$%+1#$(0(.+1#%3*(% park and Spa. This meant we had to work with roof garden techniques but with a very thin soil layer.

We worked very close with the Starwood Design Team to achieve the garden they wanted, a classic vintage Valencian garden that accomplishes the restored building style.

When we started the design, there was a very big eleven meters high Canarian palm tree was in ')$%/"##4$%.-%')$%8*@.6%&.%"'%!*&%')$%/*"1%&'*(@10% 8."1'% -.(% ')$% 21*4% #$&"019% P(./% ')"&% 8."1'% !$% #$&"01$#%')$%0*(#$1%'(;"10%'.%/*O"/"T$%')$%4"F4$%*($*% with deep soil. All the big trees and the new palm '($$&%/"0)'%?$%4.3*'$#%!"')%')$%*"/%.-%&"/+4*@10%*% 3.1@1+.+&%0*(#$16%*5."#"10%')$%"#$*%.-%'!.%#",$(ent gardens, one with deep soil and one without. ]$%1.!%')"17%6%*[$(%25$%;$*(&6%')*'%"'%)*&%?$$1%&+3cessfully achieved.

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H')$<.3$*1.0(*8)"3<8*(7<0*(#$1&<5*4$13"*H

The Oceanographic Park Gardens Valencia. Spain The Universal Oceanographic Park is one of the most important public works that has been built in Valencia in recent years. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s considered as one of the biggest Oceanographic Park all over the world, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the biggest one in Europe.

The gardens were designed with the aim of 3.1'("?+@10% '.% ')$% ')$/"10% .-% ')$% #",$($1'% !.(4#% ecosystems that are at the Park, from the most arid 84*3$&%'.%')$%3.4#$&'6%4"7$%')$%8$10+"1%*1#%')$%*(3@3% experience. :)$% /.&'% #">3+4'% 8(.?4$/% '.% ($&.45$% ?$-.($% &'*(@10%')$%8(.I$3'%!*&%')$%1.1%$O"&'$13$%.-%*%#$$8% soil layer because almost all the garden is built over ')$%+1#$(0(.+1#%-*3"4"@$&%*1#%/*3)"1$(;%?*&$/$1'9% ^.6%')$%&$4$3@.1%.-%')$%*88(.8("*'$%84*1'&%-.(%$*3)% $3.&;&'$/% !*&% #$'$(/"1$#% ?;% ')$% &$4$3@.1% .-% ')$% *88(.8("*'$% &."4% /"O'+($9% :)$% "(("0*@.1% &;&'$/% !*&% *4&.% #$&"01$#% '*7"10% "1'.% *33.+1'% $5$(;% #",$($1'% $3.&;&'$/6%')$%Q$#"'$((*1$*16%')$%=(3@36%')$%:(.8"cal, etc., with a very good drainage system to avoid root problems and fungal diseases. :)$%&+33$&&-+4%#$5$4.8/$1'%.-%')$%0*(#$1&%*[$(% &$5$(*4%;$*(&%.-%"/84$/$1'*@.1%*44.!%;.+%'.%$1I.;% the gardens almost independently from the main *1"/*4%3.44$3@.19%X'%"&%*%84$*&+($%'.%!*47%+1#$(%')$% 8*4/%'($$&%*1#%.')$(%'($$&%!)"4$%5"&"@10%')"&%?$*+@ful Oceanographic Park.

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Private Gardens We understand a private Garden to be a living *($*6% *% 3.1@1+*@.1% .-% *% ).+&$6% *&% *1% .+'#..(% $Otension to the built house. This concept should determine its management and take priority over or1*/$1'*4%3.1&"#$(*@.1&9%:)$%)"0)%8("3$%.-%')$%4*1#% require us to take the best possible advantage of the plot to enjoy it fully when turned into a Garden. The #",$($1'%*($*&%.-%')$%D*(#$1%*($%#"&'("?+'$#%&.%')*'% they reveal the four seasons in turn. The residents will walk around discovering them and eventually, ')$;%!"44%21#%')$"(%-*5.+("'$%&8.'9%:)$;%*($%D*(#$1&% '.%3.1'$/84*'$%4"-$%*1#%'.%4"5$%"16%"1%1.1#$&'(+3@5$% "1'$(*3@.1%!"')%W*'+($9%='%')$%$1#%.-%')$%#*;6%')"&%"&% !)*'%*%D*(#$1%"&%*44%*?.+'G%-(./%')$%&/*44$&'%'.%')$% largest one, the surface scale changes but it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t -.(0$'%')$%)+/*1%&3*4$n%&./$%8*('&%*($%?"00$(6%?+'%"1% fact, what is increased is the number of parts.

Rafael Narbona & Partners is a private company dedicated exclusively to Landscaping and Landscape =(3)"'$3'+($%"1%*44%"'&%-*3$'&G%+(?*16%(+(*46%8("5*'$%*1#% 8+?4"39% ^"13$% "'&% 3($*@.1% "1% LeeL% "'% )*&% 8(.#+3$#% more than a hundred projects, from small private 0*(#$1&%'.%8+?4"3%8*(7&%')*'%3.5$(%KBB9BBB%/K9 We have a highly competent team, professionals of Landscape planning and design. They are currently /$/?$(&%.-%')$%^8*1"&)6%j+(.8$*1%*1#%X1'$(1*@.1*4% ^.3"$@$&%.-%r*1#&3*8$%=(3)"'$3'&9 Enjoy your garden.

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H0*(#$1&<-.(<8("5*'$<3.//+1"@$&H

&&&&>($8-3.&6#$&?$*@(%-&1#22A3*,-.

In recent years, the new developments now )*5$%$O3$44$1'%8("5*'$%0*(#$1&9%Z+(%.>3$%)*&%?$$1% involved in several projects of this type of housing, !)"3)%/+&'%'*7$%"1'.%*33.+1'%')$"(%8*(@3+4*(%3)*(*3'$("&@3&G% ')$&$% 0*(#$1&% *($% 1$"')$(% 8+?4"3% 8*(7&6% nor private gardens. In a community of one hundred #!$44"10&% ')$($% *($% 5$(;% #",$($1'% 7"1#&% .-% 8$.84$% 4"5"10%')$($6%-(./%3)"4#($1%'.%($@($#%8$.84$6%*1#%')$% garden must be accessable, useful and comfortable for everyone.

Another common problem with such projects is ')$%+1#$(0(.+1#%3*(%8*(76%?+'%.+(%.>3$%)*&%#$5$4oped many roof gardens, each one with the most *88(.8("*'$% '$3)1"J+$&% '.% &.45$% ')$% 5$(;% #",$($1'% problems that these special gardens have.

Now you can increase the value of your Community Project by adding the BREEAM Communi!"#$%&#'()*(+,"$-".!/0(!1*$,(+",2$34$51&$."6&)."$ 4&.'7".$)*41.8(!1*$9,"(#"$:1$*1'$7"#)'('"$'1$ 01*'(0'$&#2$;"$<),,$+"$=,(:$'1$)*41.8$51&2

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Mediterranean Dream The Mediterranean Garden is one of the most important cultural legacies we have received from our ancestors. And, without doubt, which has been perverted the most.

The absurd mainstream view of the Mediterranean garden as a piece of scrubland, has &8."4$#% ')$% ?$&'% "15$1@.1% .-% )"&'.(;% '.% /*7$% 4"-$% ?$*(*?4$% "1% ')$% !*(/% &).($&% .-% ')$% Mediterranean Sea. The reason given by those people is that these “new Mediterranean 0*(#$1&f%3*1%&*5$%/.1$;%"1%/*"1'$1*13$%*1#%"(("0*@.19%X1%-*3'%"'%"&%*%4"$6%*1#%*%/"&'*7$% ')*'% 3*1% 3*+&$% #*/*0$% '.% )$*4')% "1% ')$% ).'% *1#% 8.44+'$#% 3"@$&9% ^"13$% ')$% &;3*/.($&% 84*1'$#%?;%')$%j0;8@*1&6%!).&$%'($$%&)*#.!%!*&%I+&'%*%?4$&&"10%-(./%')$"(%0.#&%*1#% 0.##$&&$&%*44%'.0$')$(6%+1@4%')$%.(3)*(#<0*(#$1&%')*'%1.'%&.%4.10%*0.%&$(5$#%*&%-($&)%*1#% *(./*@3%?*370(.+1#%'.%')$%0*')$("10&%.-%')$"(%.!1$(&%*1#%-("$1#&6%')(.+0)%')$%q$1*"&sance link between man and nature in peaceful communion, the Mediterranean garden )*&%*33./8*1"$#%0$1$(*@.1&%*1#%0$1$(*@.1&%.-%8$.84$%-.(%*4/.&'%25$%').+&*1#%;$*(&9% But some “clever people” arrived and decided that something “so worshipful” was not +8%'.%)"&%').+0)c+4%(+/"1*@.1&%*?.+'%!)*'%&).+4#%?$%')$%($4*@.1&)"8%.-%)+/*1&%!"')% 1*'+($9%=1#%')$;%#$&'(.;$#%25$%').+&*1#%;$*(&%.-%)"&'.(;6%!"')%')$%*88(.5*4%.-%').&$% ')*'%1.!%1$$#%'.%21#%')$%&)*#$%.-%*1%*"(%3.1#"@.1$(%'.%-$$4%3..4$(6%?$3*+&$%')$%&)*#$% of a green, fresh and lush tree has been replaced either by the warmth of a crackling (.&$/*(;%.(%*%#(;%&*1'.4"1*%($*#;%'.%?+(1%*'%')$%2(&'%.88.('+1"';9%:)$;%-.(0$'%')*'%!)*'% !.(7&%!$44%"1%')$%3.+1'(;&"#$%#.$&%1.'%!.(7%"1%')$%3"';6%?$3*+&$%')$%3.1#"@.1&%*1#%')$% 1$$#&%*($%J+"'$%#",$($1'9%=1#%')$%*1"/*4&%"1%')$%3.+1'(;&"#$%*1#%')$%3"';%*($%*4&.%#",$(ent. We don’t enjoy gardens as animals do. At least for now.

Landscape Architecture

5. Land Planning + Sustainability

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H0*(#$1&<-.(<8("5*'$<3.//+1"@$&H

&&&&&43%-$3(,#3(+&BCDD9E&1#22A3*,-.&9..-..#$ ;7('$)#$>?@@ABC BREEAM is the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s foremost environmental assessment /$').#% *1#% (*@10% &;&'$/% -.(% ?+"4#"10&6% !"')% KBB6BBB% ?+"4#"10&% !"')%3$(@2$#%Sqjj=Q%*&&$&&/$1'%(*@10&%*1#%.5$(%*%/"44".1%($0"&'$($#%-.(%*&&$&&/$1'%&"13$%"'%!*&%2(&'%4*+13)$#%"1%LeeB9% Sqjj=Q%N.//+1"@$&%)$48&%')$%#$&"01%'$*/6%#$5$4.8$(&%*1#% 84*11$(&%'.%"/8(.5$6%/$*&+($%*1#%"1#$8$1#$1'4;%3$(@-;%')$%&+&tainability of developments at the neighbourhood scale or larger.

BREEAM addresses wide-ranging environmental and sustainability issues and enables developers, designers and building /*1*0$(&%'.%#$/.1&'(*'$%')$%$15"(.1/$1'*4%3($#$1@*4&%.-%')$"(% ?+"4#"10&%'.%34"$1'&6%84*11$(&%*1#%.')$(%"1"@*4%8*(@$&9 Rafael Narbona, L.A., is able to assess any New Community _(.I$3'%*44%.5$(%')$%!.(4#%*&%*1%X1'$(1*@.1*4%S($$*/%N.//+1"@$&%=&&$&.(9 Now you can increase the value of your Community Project +5$(::)*=$'7"$>?@@AB$-188&*)!"#$%&#'()*(+,"$-".!/0(!1*$ ,(+",2$34$51&$."6&)."$4&.'7".$)*41.8(!1*$9,"(#"$:1$*1'$7"#)'('"$ '1$01*'(0'$&#2$;"$<),,$+"$=,(:$'1$)*41.8$51&2

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Land Planning As we can read at the European Commission Pa8$(% 3*44$#% oj+(.8$*1% ^8*@*4% V$5$4.8/$1'% _$(&8$3@5$f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e have been involved in several Urban Develop/$1'%8(.I$3'&%"1%')$%2$4#%.-%?.')%($&"#$1@*4%*1#%($sort schemes, always in the way of progress, growth and sustainability.

Now you can increase the value of your Community Project by adding the BREEAM Communi!"#$%&#'()*(+,"$-".!/0(!1*$,(+",2$34$51&$."6&)."$ 4&.'7".$)*41.8(!1*$9,"(#"$:1$*1'$7"#)'('"$'1$ 01*'(0'$&#2$;"$<),,$+"$=,(:$'1$)*41.8$51&2

Landscape Architecture

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Roof Gardens The use of a green roof compared to conven@.1*4%(..210%&+(-*3$&%3*1%)*5$%*%&"01"23*1'%"/8*3'% on the energy balance within a given building and on the immediate environment. Green roofs can )$48%'.%($#+3$%?.')%')$%8.44+@.1%*1#%&+(-*3$%(+1%.,% $1'$("10% ')$% #(*"1*0$% &;&'$/9% :)$% "/84$/$1'*@.1% of green roofs in new developments is now a main&'($*/%$3.4.0"3*4%3.1&'(+3@.1%/$').#9 j15"(./$1'*4%=#5*1'*0$&G @%?(&%A3"/(.; @%B()0(5!&+(.;%"*0%C(/0/(2! @%D*!&';%E)*+!&5"1)*%(6,&)5!0%.$!&6"/%,!&2)&6"*#! @%F&!!*%+,"#! @%G!"/.$ @%H&8"*%G!".%I+/"*0%D:!#. @%J)(+!%"*0%+)3*0%I*+3/"1)* @%K!#;#/!0%=".!&("/+ @%L.)&6%C".!&%?6!/()&"1)*

Rafael Narbona and Partners has been involved in several Roof-Gardens projects including design and management.

Landscape Architecture

6. Others

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Landscape Architecture

Golf Courses A wide variety of elements make this Golf Course one of the funniest, original and sustainable to the World. For example, a large number of greens and tees are concentrated in a very special part of the course. This special feature allows players to 3)*10$%')$%LR<).4$%8*')%*&%/*1;%@/$&%*&%')$;%3*1%"/*0"1$6%"1% accordance with the Course Manager of course, in order avoid"10% $O'(*% 3.1-+&".19% P+(')$(/.($6% ')"&% &8$3"*4% 0.4-</$$@10< point could give less skilled players the opportunity to leave the 3.+(&$% "1% *% J+"'$% #"84./*@3% !*;% .(6% "1#$$#6% 4$'% ?$F$(% 84*;$(&% 3.1@1+$% .5$(% ')$/6% !"').+'% +1#+4;% ?($*7"10% ')$% (+4$&% .-% ')$% game. Around the Club House there is a generous car park for players and members as well as for guests. There is also a Car Park right next the Club House for VIP guests for events such as weddings, summits, etc. The lake in front of the Club House (we will explain more lately about the lakes system) is the lake with ')$%34$*1$&'%!*'$(%*/.10%')$%#",$($1'%4*7$&%.-%')$%0.4-%3.+(&$6% and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perfect for swimming and for children to play in and relaxing. The boundary of the lake also has a sandy beach, so is a wonderful place to spend the day while the rest of the family is enjoying the golf holes. Special care has been taken to ensure the sustainability of this golf course. The earthwork modelling )*&% ?$$1% #$&"01$#% '.% /*'3)% ')$% $O"&@10% '.8.0(*8);6% *5."#"10% the unnecessary removal of a large amount of topsoil, as is usual "1% ')$% 3.1&'(+3@.1% .-% /*1;% 0.4-% 3.+(&$&9% ^.% !$% &*5$% J+"'$% *1% important amount of money on unnecessary works, and also &*5$%*%4*(0$%*/.+1'%.-%'(*1&8.('*@.1%$1$(0;9%=1#%"1#$$#6%')"&% $O'(*% &*5"10% "&% 5$(;% "/8.('*1'% "1% ($#+3"10% 8.44+@.1% *1#% $15"ronmental damage. Most golf courses are in sunny places. This 4.3*@.1%*44.!&%')$/%'.%)*5$%*%4*(0$(%1+/?$(%.-%+&$-+4%84*;"10% #*;&6%?+'%.1%')$%.')$(%)*1#%')$&$%84*3$&%.[$1%)*5$%/*1;%8(.?-

4$/&% !"')% "(("0*@.1% !*'$(% &+884;9% :)$% !*;% '.% )*5$% *% 1"3$% *1#% enjoyable golf course when the supply of irrigated water may be a big problem must be approaches taken into account these 8($/"&$&G%')$%&8$3"$&%.-%5$0$'*@.1%/+&'%?$%3).&$1%5$(;%3*($fully, avoiding plants and trees that need more water than we 3*1% 0"5$% ')$/n% -.(% ')$% '$$&6% ')$% 0($$1&6% ')$% -*"(!*;&% *1#% ')$% (.+0)&%!$%/+&'%+&$%#",$($1'%7"1#%.-%0(*&&$&6%#$8$1#"10%.1%!*ter requirements and playing needs. Only in that way can be save quite important amounts of water. Last, but not least, supply water from a waste water plant is the best achievement for a 0.4-%3.+(&$%!*'$(%"(("0*@.1%&;&'$/9%X1%.+(%D.4-%N.+(&$%')$%/.&'% important infrastructure for water management is a lake system !)"3)%/*1*0$&%!*'$(%#$8$1#"10%.1%')$%!*'$(Y&%34$*14"1$&&G%*% /*I.(%4*7$%#"($3'4;%3.44$3'&%!*'$(%-(./%')$%]]_6%*1#%*[$(%#"--$($1'%8+("23*@.1%8(.3$&&$&%"'%&$1#&%')$%!*'$(%'.%')$%1$O'%4*7$% along a landscaping river. The process is the same from a lake '.%')$%1$O'%.1$%+1@4%($*3)"10%')$%4*7$%"1%-(.1'%')$%N4+?%\.+&$6% !)"3)%&'.($&%')$%34$*1$&'%!*'$(%"(("0*@.1%')$%0($$1&%*1#%-.(%')$% -*/"4;%+&$%/$1@.1$#%8($5".+&4;9%])$1$5$(%8.&&"?4$6%"(("0*@.1% is done by underground pipes that save a large amount of wa'$(%?$3*+&$%$5*8.(*@.1%"&%"1&"01"23*1'9%=1#%')$%0(*&&%"&%*4!*;&% dry, so playing golf is always possible on a constant mud-free 3.+(&$9% :)$% 4*&'% J+$&@.1% *?.+'% &+&'*"1*?"4"';% "&% ')$% '.8&."49% =% golf course needs a large amount of rich soil for grass to growth well, but this is very expensive. We have resolved this problem in large urban parks making the topsoil in situ, mixing sand with mulch and compost. And it has worked very well. Now we just need some golf loving investors to make our Golf Course a reality and, of course, to make it enjoyable for them and for every golf player bored of always playing golf on the same course.

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Historic Gardens

Historic Garden Transfer The harbour of Valencia is the most important Mediterranean harbour in terms of TIR management, but for this reason it needs a huge amount of free surface for container interchanging. Some ;$*(&%*0.%')$%_+?4"3%].(7&%W*@.1*4%Z>3$%#$3"#$#%'.%$14*(0$%')$% &8*3$%#$5.'$#%-.(%)*(?.+(%4.0"&@3&9%E+&'%"1%')$%/"##4$%.-%')"&%1$!% harbour surface was the old Dr. Bartual summer house, accompa1"$#%?;%*%?$*+@-+4%0*(#$16%*&%.4#%*&%')$%).+&$%!*&6%*1#%-+44%.-%5$(;% tall canary palm trees. In fact, some of them was under heritage law 8(.'$3@.19%S.')%')$%).+&$%*1#%')$%0*(#$1%)*#%'.%?$%'(*1&-$(($#%'.% *%1$!%4.3*@.19%:)$%#"&'*13$%?$'!$$1%')$%.4#%*1#%')$%1$!%0*(#$1%% !*&%I+&'%4$&&%')*1%.1$%7"4./$'($6%?+'%')$%8*4/%'($$%3.44$3@.1%!*&%

massive and the transfer was very dangerous for the palm trees, as well as for the gardeners. We oversaw the project of the new garden and the technical measures for the palm trees transfer. The most important problem we had to resolve was to move the biggest 8*4/%'($&&%?$3*+&$%&./$%.-%')$/%!$($%LM%/$'($&%'*446%*1#%!$"0)$#% .5$(%LA%'.11$&9%P+(')$(/.($6%')$%8*4/%'($$&%)*#%'.%?$%'(*1&-$(($#% "1%*1%+8("0)'%8.&"@.16%?$3*+&$%"'%"&%')$%.14;%!*;%'.%0+*(*1'$$%')$"(% survival. It must be taken in account that canary palm tree is the /.&'%#">3+4'%8*4/%&8$3"$%-.(%*%&+33$&&-+4%'(*1&-$(9%W.!%')$%8*4/% '($$%3.44$3@.1%"&%"1%')$%1$!%0*(#$16%*&%!$44%*&%')$%/.&'%5*4+*?4$% 8*('&%.-%')$%.4#%&+//$(%).+&$6%&+3)%*&%@4$&6%?$*/&6%$'39

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Ephemeral Garden

Ephemeral Garden CasaDecor2003. Valencia CasaDecor is a well-known one-month ephem$(*4% "1'$(".(% #$&"01% $O)"?"@.1% ')*'% '*7$&% 84*3$% "1% *1% $/8';% *1#% &./$% @/$&% *?*1#.1$#% ?+"4#"109% For many years it took place in Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia, but nowadays it only takes place "1% Q*#("#% *1#% S*(3$4.1*9% X1% KBBU% ')$% N*&*V$3.(% b*4$13"*%$#"@.1%!*&%)$4#%"1%*%)+0$%?+"4#"10%')*'% !*&%?+"4'%-.(%')$%"1'$(1*@.1*4%$O)"?"@.1%.-%LeBe9% =[$(%/*1;%;$*(&%*&%'.?*33.%-*3'.(;6%')$%?+"4#"10% ($/*"1$#%*?*1#.1$#%+1@4%($3$1'%;$*(&9%W.!6%*[$(% ')$%($&'.(*@.1%!.(7&6%')$%?+"4#"10%"&%.33+8"$#%?;%

')$%N.+13"4%.>3$&9%X1'$($&@104;6%!$%)*5$%#$&"01$#% ')$%0*(#$1&%*1#%8*@.&%"1%$O*3'4;%')$%&*/$%84*3$% !)$($% "1% KBBM% !$% #$&"01$#% ')$% $8)$/$(*4% 0*(#$1%')*'%"&%&).!1%"1%')"&%4$*k$'9%Z1$%/.1')<4.10% ephemeral garden creates certain challenges owing to the fact that it must be build as a permanent garden, otherwise it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have the desired effect. The trees and plants must have enough soil 21%.(#$(%'.%4*&'%-.(%*'%4$*&'%*%/.1')6%?+'%')$($%!$($% &./$%($&$(5*@.1&%*?.+'%)*5"10%'!.%0*(#$1%4$5$4&G% one at the pavement level and another at the pots

level. So we decided to build large gaps in which to place the pots, as if we where in a real garden.

The work to build this was very hard because we )*#% .14;% .1$% !$$7% '.% #.% "'9% :)$% 21*4% "/*0$% !*&% 5$(;%($!*(#"10%*1#%0(*@-;"106%*1#%')$%0*(#$1%/*1*0$#%'.%($/*"1%"1%*%0..#%3.1#"@.1%')(.+0).+'%')$% /.1')<4.10%$O)"?"@.16%*4').+0)%!$%)*#%).'6%(*"1ing and cool days. In the next series of photographs !$% &).!% ')$% 3.1&'(+3@.1% 8(.3$&&% *1#% &./$% "/*0$&%.-%')$%21"&)$#%0*(#$19%i1-.('+1*'$4;6%!$%)*#% to destroy it a month later.

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Landscape Architecture

Lectures (1)

Colegio de Ingenieros Técnicos Agrícolas Valencia. Mayo de 2006

Forum Techline Regaber Valencia. Octubre de 2007

VII Jornadas Nacionales Minería y Medio Ambiente

Curso “Agua, Paisaje y Medio Ambiente” Oviedo. Noviembre de 2008

Curso de la Universidad de Verano Gandía. Valencia. Julio de 2006

II Encuentros Atlántico de Paisaje Gijón. Asturias. 2003

Diseño en Jardinería y Paisajismo UPV. Valencia. Mayo de 2003

Tendencias Actuales en Paisajismo Escuela Taller Carlet. Mayo de 2008

“Soterrar el Tren, ganar un Paisaje” Univ. de la Rioja. Logroño. Julio de 2008

“Teoría del Paisaje”. Master Consultoría Ing. Civil

El Análisis del Paisaje en los proyectos de Infraestructuras

UPV. Valencia. 2005, 2006, 2007 y 2008

Colegio de I. C. C. y P. Valencia. 2007

El Paisaje como constructo Cultural Univ. de la Rioja. Haro. Julio de 2010

Almería. Mayo de 2007

Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

Landscape Architecture

Lectures (2)

Real Academia de Cultura Valenciana Valencia. Enero de 2010

Curso de Arboricultura y Paisajismo Santander. Mayo de 2011

Colegio de Ing. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos Valencia. Marzo de 2011

III Encuentros Atl谩ntico de Paisaje Gij贸n. Asturias. 2004

Congreso Internacional Paisaje y Territorio Valencia. Marzo de 2007

Escuela Superior de Arquitectura. UPV Valencia. Marzo de 2010

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Rafael Narbona www.RafaelNarbona.com info@rafaelnarbona.com )F8GHH!!!9(*-*$41*(?.1*93./H

“Cuadernos de Arquitectura del Paisaje” For almost ten years we published the magazine “Journal of Landscape Architecture”, publishing ten volumes, jointly with the Publisher Ediciones de Horticultura. Unfortunately the tough economic times that Spain is experiencing nowadays forced the closure of the Editorial, which logically ended the print edition of the magazine.

In those years we had the opportunity to review the work and to interview the most interesting European landscape *(3)"'$3'&G% =4*"1% _(.5.&'6% V*5"#% S4*37!..#% Q+((*;6% N.(1$4"*% Müller, Michel Racine, Michel Corajoud, Kathrin Gustafson, Luis Vallejo, Neil Porter, Ximena Nazal, Christine Dalnoky, Daniel Roehr, Cristina Castel-Branco, and many others. Needless to say it was a pleasure talking with all of them, it was also a pleasure to provide a world of new knowledge to our readers.

It should be remembered that at that time L. A. was more a hobby than a profession in Spain. In fact, twelve years later, and in spite of the growth that L.A. has experienced in Spain, we have still only reached the same level as the rest of Europe. We hope to further develop the magazine, even if it is only in an on-line format.

Landscape Architecture

7. Curriculum Vitae

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