Portfolio 2020 - Rafael Marengoni

PORTFOLIO “Selected architecture and urbanism designs” Rafael Marengoni tel. +1 857 331 1585 e.mail rafaelmarengoni@gsd.harvard.edu Cambridge, MA

Rafael Marengoni Master in Architecture of Urban Design 2020’ Harvard Graduate School of Design Architect and Urbanist CAU 206557-6 May 2020

INDEX Selected Works

Extrametropolis: GSD Thesis

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Extreme Urbanism VI: Reframing Transitions

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Elements of Urban Design: - South Boston: Gather Disperse - Woburn: at the edge of Suburbia

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Ecological Infrastructures in the Yucatรกn Peninsula

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Brazilian Pavillion, Venice Biennale

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EXTRAMETROPOLIS The city beyond the city

Extrametropolis explores a multiscalar investigation around Train Stations in the Macrometropolitan Area of Sao Paulo, Brazil (TIC). Ir proposes a pilot for Campinas, in which Transit Oriented Development Urban Design techniques are deployed as a framework. The framework addresses Uran Design across two scales, and was devised to be deployable across the similarities of all the Cities along the Train’s network. The application of the framework would be a catalyst to shape urban design beyond the metropolitan scale.

Master in Architecture of Urban Design Thesis Rafael Marengoni Advised by Rahul Mehrotra, Renee Tapp, and Gabriel Kozlowski

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Block Scale

Urban Systems’ Scale

City at Large

The premise in extrametropolis is to reimagine the relationship cities have with the presence of infrastructure, and how we might use urban design as a tool to change that relationship and intertwine metropolitan life to its fabric, to its structures.

There are four scales considered, from left to right: - the scale of the block fabric; - the scale of the larger urban system; - the city itself; - the city within the context of the Macrometropolis system. p.4

Americana Nova Odessa Sumaré Pindamonhagaba

Campinas Vinhedo

Taubaté

Louveira Jundiaí

Sorocaba

B.Tobias

São Roque

São José dos Campos

Barueri

Água Branca Luz Guarulhos

Tamanduateí

São Caetano

Santo André

Mauá

Cubatão Santos

City in Context with the Macrometrpolitan Systems

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The Many Scales of S達o Paulo

The thesis investigates the scales of S達o Paulo and the infrastructures that shape its urban forms.

S達o Paulo: defined by transportation and urban form

The state of S達o Paulo showcases an atypical concentration of urban form around the Macrometropolis; it is within the Macrometropolitan scale that this thesis grapples with - the cities that conform the Macrometropolis.

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The Macrometropolis and the Train (TIC)

At the Macrometropolitan scale, a High Speed Train is being proposed by the state, This is the premise for this thesis’ proposal

Metropolitan Solution Case Study from the City of São Paulo to the Metropolitan Region

By investigating the City of São Paulo’s strategies as a precedent, extrametropolis defines its own set of multiscalar solutions

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The Block Scale: site determination

The Block Scale: identifying main equipments

The site selected in Campinas to pursue an Urban Design investigation is located between the dense downtown area and the historical Vila Industrial. It is currently used for a variety of functions but has not been operational as a passenger terminal for about two decades.

It’s location is privileged, in the sense that it is close to a variety of amenities and services, as well as other infrastructural nodes such as the two bus stations located along the East and West edges of the void.

To begin designing for this site, a tentative coordinate location was selected as a center node - the former center of the deactivated historical passenger station. This was done due to the position it occupies on the site as well as due to its

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The Block Scale: proposing connections; infill and reuse

proportions, design and architectural character, which have provenly functioned well as a station and could easily be adapted to serve that function once again.

Given the scale of the site in Campinas, the 500m baseline radius expanded to the limits of the site, as to include the areas immediately around the entire Fepasa Complex as part of the Analysis and subsequent Micro-Urban Operation Perimeter determination.

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The Block Scale

Connect: The main idea of connecting these facilities would be to further promote ways in which users of this space could easily access the opportunities and services that exist around it. Knowing that as a regional transportation hub this area would attract over 100,000 people per day promoting multimodal and intermodal connections is fundamental; and within the 500m radius, active modes are to be preferred, given the limited capacity downtown Campinas and Vila Industrial would have for any additional autocentric infrastructure.

Infill: By creating infill two things are to be achieved - the diminishing of the void sensation created by such a large patch of land, and the increased capacity the area has to generate and contain active uses (residential, retail, commercial). This way, more people could have permanent access to the site, contributing to a healthier mix of sporadic and frequent users of the spaces p.10

Reuse: Given the Architectural quality and the aspects pertaining to the heritage of the site, some of the buildings within the Fepasa Complex could be adapted for new uses, fostering a balance between old and new on the site.

This would potentially be a sustainable approach, minimizing the occupation of the site with new constructions while simultaneously maintaining some of the character the site already holds Transforming: The Block Scale Intersection between Urban Form and Infrastructure The goal of applying these sets of strategies is to redefine how the city life can be further enabled by infrastructure, and how urban design can contribute to this to create cohesive and integrated scales of urban fabric. This, should it be successful, would result in a transformation through program, form and uses of the sites included and adjacent. p.11

The Block Scale: section

Along the proposal, densities would adaptive to their surrounding contexts and would programatically bridge the existing voids. By connecting, infilling and reusing the strategy intends to create a more cohesive urban fabric which bridges across the transportation infrastructure. The proposal does so by providing a series of in-between spaces and public amenities, mending and merging the elements proposed.

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The Block Scale: birds-eye view

Across its context, the proposal can become a large scale equipment, offering a myriad of services and amenities, as a seamless part of the urban fabric around the station area.

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Urban systems scale: site determination

To address the urban systems’ scale, the concept of the Reinforced Structuring Axis is developed, in which the main streets and avenues are to be identified, and along them routes for high frequency, high capacity transit are to be studied (potentially BRT), and along those studied routes, existing parcel and block morphologies are to be studied as well. This would allow for future use of parcels to shift, making it possible for them to be combined and recombined enabling different forms and densities. This, associated with the proposed transit lines would allow for these corridors to concentrate not only people and infrastructure but also othe types of activities, amenities and opportunities along the extending lengths of these corridors.

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Mobility: The goal of focusing on a mobility based strategy is to prioritize more efficient, collective and cleaner transportation options, stepping further and further away from autocentric car dependancy, and closer towards a more sustainable, shared urban infrastructure. By doing this on existing axis, it would play into the current transportation networks existing capacity and minimize any adjustments needed to incorportate the proposed new modes (BRT, bike lanes, sidewalks). This could strengthen existing public amenities along the routes and for new ones in the future.

Density: Creating the possibility for more density along these routes aims to do two things. First, it capitalizes on the efforts and resources invested in the development and operation of transportation infrastructure and services. Second, it helps mitigate the dispersal of density in locations that do not dispose of mobility infrastructure, reducing impacts in other areas. Third, it potentializes the consolidation of ridership which further enables the quality of the mobility services offered along the entire corridor. p.17

The Urban Systems’ Scale: birds eye view

The corridors could be seen as long-term development strategies, playing on top of existing infrastructural axis and concentrating efforst towards select locations.

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Beyond the Corridors confined within their 2500m initial radius, there is an possibility for these to be seed projects, allowing for further expansion granted that some of these axis may create nuances and hierarchies. These could become a larger gesture across the urban fabric, and extend to other neighborhoods reproducing this logic sequentially.

Still, even though the 2500m may seem small when compared to the scale of the municipalities, their potential impact is not. If we remember how urbanizaiton within the Sao Paulo Macrometropolis has a tendency to cluster, we will see that Campinas is no exception. Within the 2500m studied in the Pilot for Campinas it was noticed that actually 24% of the city’s population would be within 10min walk of a stop along the proposed BRT corridor system. For this region, this would also represent 10% of the Campinas Metropolitan Area’s population.

In this sense, the framework could be seen not as a definite solution, but as a deployable kit of parts. A series p.20

of solution guidelines to be applied, reiterated and adjusted towards each context necessary within the Paulista Macrometropolis - an adaptive solution to be tweeked with continuosly.

Then, we could imagine the Macrometropolis to become a series of sites along the TIC, to each hold its own solution derived from an initial framework with a simple set of rules and steps and analysis. To become individual proposals that bridge the specific needs each site will require, yet consistently addressing issues of connection, infill, reuse, density and mobility.

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EXTREME URBANISM VI Mahim Koliwada: Reframing Transitions

Extreme Urbanism VI explored how we the practice of urban design could build from sanitation infrastructure in Mumbai’s context. The brief proposed looking into an urban fishing village(also known as a “Koliwada”) in Mahim Bay - the Mahim Koliwada. The community living within the village was facing a series of transitions: dealing with rising sea levels, new generations abandoning the fishing practices and the emergence of other types of economic activities within the village, and a persistent lack of access to sanitation infrastructure.

Reframing Transitions Team: Rafael Marengoni Developed with Rahul Mehrotra as part of the Extreme Urbanism VI Studio - Later showcased at the Chigaco Architecture Biennial.

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Mahim Koliwada with the proposed interventions: birds eye view

Mahim Koliwada with the proposed interventions: axonometric p.24

Identifying how to “solve” Mahim’s edge conditions A, B and C

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The Koliwadas in the context of Mumbai This map showcases the urban scale in which the Mumbai fishing villages are set in. We analyze the fishing radii for each fishing village and sought to understand the circulation of the fishermen and women throughout the city, on their fish sales routes. Mahim Koliwada is represented with the stronger Red Cross

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The Koliwadas in the context of Mumbai

Here we see the Mahim Koliwada in its current context: surrounded by a beach, a municipal pumping station, a redeveloped neighborhood and informal settlements - cut off by Swami Vevekanand Road and directly inserted in Mahim Bay.

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Mahim Koliwada:

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Solution A: Mahim Beach Solution B: Mahim Waterfront

Solution C: Mahim Entrance

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From Analysis to Proposal: Part 1

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From Analysis to Proposal: Part 2

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Solution C: More than a bus stop

Flexible uses: Events

Flexible uses: Everyday usage

Solution B integrates program and serves as a platform, from which new activities can emerge. The structure contains small commercial venues, public toiletes and benches. Being the main bus stop in the region, the structure’s shade and benches would attract commuters from other neighborhoods as well.

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Solution A: framing an edge for program

Flexible uses: Sports and Recreation

Flexible uses: Markets and Pop-Up

Solution A faces Mahim Beach a site known for its cricket players and for hosting markets and festivals. In this context, Solution A frames the edge condition and filters the edge of the site - access and space.

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ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN I South Boston: Gather/Disperse

The first exercise of Elements of Urban Design looked into South Boston. A site adjacent to Castle Island and Massport’s Container operations sites. Gather/ Disperse seeked to condition the area as a new neighborhood, capitalizing on the site’s views, it’s size and it’s heritage. Building a cultural center through retrofitting the Edison Power Plant was used as a strategy to create a new centrality for the neighborhood, and the city given how accesible the site is from a public transportation perspective. Mixed-use buildings of homogeneous heights would be distrbuted throughout the area, boasting courtyards and ground-level services and restaurants activating the streets and plazas.

Gather/Disperse Team: Rafael Marengoni, Laura Greenberg, 2018 Developed as the first of three exercises within Elements of Urban Design, at the Harvard Graduate School of Design

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Connectivity and potential for city-wide attraction

SITE

(IN ORIGINAL PRINT SCALE)

Here, we show the mix of public transportation options around the site’s area - which is farily served by hubways (bike shares), bus stops and subway (the “T” stops). Each mode was studied using a different radius, to look into the “coverage” area for each of them. By doing this we are able to visualize different levels of service based on these walksheds in and around the site.

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The proposal at large

Here we see the proposal’s axonometric overview. They are divided into two types of blocks: gather blocks and disperse blocks. The gather blocks would be connected through a pedesetrian route, linking the internal spaces of the courtyards together from one end of the site to the other. They would be connecting amenities and commercial spaces along it. The Disperse blocks, on the other hand, would have less programmed activity and would rest on the tangents of this corridor.At the center of this scheme we see the Turbine Hall Area, a retrofitted solution disposing of several programs.

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A look across the proposals

Here we can see how some of these proposals play out in adjacency to each other. The cultural programs and open spaces as a main attractor to the site in juxtaposition with the Housing units. The main pieces of the site included the “Turbine SESC” an allusion to Lina Bo Bardi’s SESC Pompeia, Turbine Hall, the Boiler Market and the Housing uits.

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Gather and Dispersal as main themes in the project: Gathering spaces

At the West End of the site, we have one of the edges between proposal and waterfront. Here we’d see mild levels of activity, yet a connection between the city, nature and the site. Public amenities would be an attractor for people looking for spots to exercise, walk their pets or simply let be.

Gather and Dispersal as main themes in the project: Dispersal spaces

At the center of the proposal, we see the community center’s gathering spaces taking advantage of the scale of the architecture present in the Edison Power Plant. This area is to be a centerpiece for the entire site area, and would host a series of activities to promote varied users over the course of the day.

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The Evolution of the Edison Power Plant towards Turbine Hall

Taking a closer look at the site’s center piece: The evolution of the Edison Power Plant (Turbine Hall) and how the changes within its functions affected its form. By understanding this, it becomes possible to visualize the next steps for this building to be reinserted into a prominent role in driving activity within the area. Hosting galleries, gathering spaces, offices, cultural venues and spaces for entertainment, the Turbine Hall is revamped as a social gatherer, expected to attract people from over the city.

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ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN II Woburn: at the edge of Suburbia

Woburn at the edge of Suburbia was a 4 week exercise investigating what could be done in regards to housing in a transitioning industrial site within the Greater Boston Area. Woburn, a traditional commuter city, had industrialized heavily due to the connectivity axis along Route 128, an East Coast tech hub. Most industries within Woburn are still active, and they are surrounded by beautiful natural landscapes. This project seeks to take advantage of housing between the industry and nature - at the edge of Suburbia.

Woburn Team: Rafael Marengoni, Jiawei Dong, 2018 Developed as the first of three exercises within Elements of Urban Design, at the Harvard Graduate School of Design

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SITE SECTION

Proposal in context

Again, we see the main elements structuring the idea behind the proposal: industry; plugin; buffer; housing; public spaces and parklands.

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MACRO ANALYSIS 1:20.000

industry, parklands, and transportation infrastructure superimposed

There are three main issues that make this site unique: - there are two radically different typologies throughout the area: Large scale Industry-like buildings and Suburban Single-family Residential units.

- the area is permeated with continuous natural amenities, cutting across the landscape that surounds the area.

- 3 main transportation infrastructures intersect within this site: the I-93, the I-95 and the MBTA Commuter Rail. This makes this area highly accessible both in terms of public and individual transportation options.

Their intersection creates a rich site with large plots of land with access to nature, transportation and employment.

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SITE STRATEGIES PLAN

Overlayed ystems

The proposal looks into creating a kit of parts to address creating housing within the site without removing existing economic activities. First, we put housing on the fringe between the industrial buildings and the natural landscape, occupying the existing parking lot areas around the industries. Then, we add vertical parking buildings to compensate the former parking and also account for the new parking demands. Attached to the existing industrial buildings we propose “Plug-in� buildings, that would be sleek interventions buffering the back side of the industries - creating a middle scale with stores and services.

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The Woburn Strategy

FULL SITE AXONOMETRIC

Commuter Rail

Access to I-93

Access to I-95

Commuter Rail

Access to I-95

ARCHITYPE SOLUTION

Parklands

Housing

Commercial “plugin�

Main vehicular access Vertical parking

semi-public

Existing Industrial

Existing Industrial

Mixed service access Pedestrian promenade

Here we see the main elements organized on the site (top) and how they are organized diagramatically (bottom).

The main idea is using to create a buffer through program, rendering the infill development as a transition zone: from industry to commericial strip, to housing to parklands.

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INTERNAL PARKLAND VIEW

Here we see a view internal to a network of park areas within the site. The housing units are placed at the edge of the current lots as a form of infill development. The result is the direct access to the natural features of the landscapes, further enabled by a series of small interventions such as pedestrian bridges and plazas suspended slightly above the ground level.

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INNERBLOCK STREET VIEW

Here we see the middle scale: At the back of the industry we “install� this programatic strip of commerce, storage and services behind the housing. The density generated from tshe housing would be able to support those activities. This street is the neighborhood buffer between the industrial areas and the housing complex - an intermediate.

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ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN YUCATÁN Looking beyond traditional forms of infrastructur

Ecological Infrastructures was a project developed looking into new modes, strategies and visions for decentralized rural development within the Yucatán Peninsula, in Mexico.This proposal and analysis emerges from an investigation of alternative forms of development vis-a-vis the development of the “Mayan Train” a regional axis proposed to foster future economic and social development. In light of the train, this research sought to engage with the harsh realities of rural socio-economically excluded and environmentally threatened communities, which are roughly 80% of the municipalities within the State of Yucatán. Ecological infrastructures is an alternative to topdown centralized large scale infrastructure, and proposes a series of systems that build in to local practices and traditions, while addressing social, economic and environmental issues.

Yucatán Team: Rafael Marengoni, Moira McCrave, Juan David Grisales, Samuel Gilbert 2019 Developed as the first of three exercises within “Beyond the Mayan Train: Housing and Infrastructure in the Yucatán Peninsula” with José Castillo

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The Yucatán Peninsula

The Yucatán peninsula is a region comprised mainly by three States: Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Campeche. This project sought to take a closer look into the State of Yucatán, where there was a larger number of municipalities. The image above shows the municipalities of Yucatán highlighted in the lighter green. The heavier white dashed line was the proposed axis for the so-called “Mayan Train” that would connect the region for touristic purposes. The region, however dependent of tourism, is strongly driven by small scale agricultural practices spread throughout the 106 municipalities of Yucatán. South of the line, we see a fainter white overlay - the municipality of Yaxcabá.

Yaxcabá was chosen for our study given its remarkably representative nature of many of the practices seen in rural Yucatán, while simultaneously bringing elements of starker vulnerabilities. Within Yaxcabáwe chose to understand the village of Tahdzibichén as a way to look into specificities that defined the region.

Municipality of Yaxcabá

Tahdzibichén Village

typical Tahdzibichen Block

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The Yucatán Peninsula

In attempting to draw a picture of the region, we proceeded to single out the issues of highest relevance to address in this context. We came to the conclusion that the most urgent issues were access to sanitation, deforestation and sustaining agricultural practices.

In Yucatán, we saw a disproportional bias towards the capital, Merida, which alone represents more than 30% of the state’s population. Of the 106 municipalities in Yucatán, roughly 80% has a population of less than 15.000 inhabitants.

Many of these cities lack universal access to sanitation infrastructure, and many of them rely on agriculture for subsistence.

The project then took a turn into Yaxcaba specifically: it was to be a pilot for an integrated infrastructure system, branching sanitation, water security and fertilizer production, and reforestation.

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TahdzibichĂŠn would be the site to trial the solutions proposed. The solutions included: - deploying Urine Diverting Dry Toilets (UDDT) as a decentralized sanitation solution; - transforming human waste into a compostable fertilizer; - collecting and storing stormwater with all the new buildings proposed; - demarking a mixed crop production site integrated with the existing landscapes; - mixing the programs of workspaces and social spaces.

Sanitation would address basic public health and comfort issues for the population at a fraction of traditional solutions’ costs. Fertilizers and water security and crop management would allow for an intensive higher-yielding model, which would generate economic resilience and food security. By successfully managing the crops, deforestation would be severely reduced as a consequence of stopping the cyclic fires made to clear forests for new crop areas. p.51

SYSTEM ARTICULATION

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Edge of TahdzibichĂŠn: the new waste collection corridors

At the edge of the village, the market structure captures water, provides shleter and intermediates field and village.

With these diverse systems, the vision would contribute to a Yucatan that is more independent and resilient.

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BRAZILIAN PAVILION, VENICE BIENNALE Walls of Air exhibition in the 16th Venice Architecture Biennale in 2018

Walls of Air was the main contribution done by the Brazilian Pavillon’s curatorial team for the 16th Architecture Biennale in Venice. Walls of Air was based on identifying divisive issues in Brazil, and spanned from topics of natural landscapes, housing, real estate, immigration, commodities exports, to urban graffiti. The projects shown here were a part of a series of 10 critical cartographies that showcased the issues that Walls of Air wanted to debate. To showcase this work 3 scales have been selected: Global, National and Urban.

Brazilian Pavillion Mapping Team: Rafael Marengoni, Chiara Scotoni, Olivia Serra, Barbara Graeff, HeloĂ­sa Escudeiro, Haydar Baydoun, Miguel Darcy and Giusepe Filocomo.

Developed with the Brazilian Pavillion Curatorial Team: Sol Camacho, Laura Gonzalez Fierro, Marcelo Maia Rosa and Gabriel Kozlowski.

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“Crossbreedings� at large Crossbreedings maps the presence of Brazilian architects home and abroad. It illustrates the presence and diffuision of the national architeture and urbanism practice as well as the cultural mix that Brazilian practicioners are bringing in to their work. Here we can see to which countries and institutions they attended, and where they work within Brazil, over the years. Using national registries for licensed architecture and urbanism professionals we pin-point where and how many of them work in Brazil. At the same time, by using federal research agencies’ databases we can cross-reference that with study abroad or research grant programs, and with that identify to which institutions, universities or schools these professionals went to.

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“Crossbreedings” detail 1. Begin cleaning, testing and adjusting the geodata

using the Brazilian Council of Archictecture’s database, we were able to locate where and how many brazilian architects worked and/or studied abroad

for mapping our data

by creating a sphere, we georeferenced the system with Grasshopper, projecting our points three-dimensionally

3. Render a basemap and quantify visualize quantities in 3D

4. Divide visualization in categories,

we then, add a high resolution raster image as a material, rendering the planet onto the sphere, matching up with our coordinate system. After, we quantify our points as “spikes” and extrude lines to represent quantitites for each point.

Finally, we differentiate brazilian architects working/studying locally from the ones abroad by painting those red. We add the list of institutions as a curved list, offset from the globe. Last, we add an origin-destination arc from where they came from to where they went,

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“Material Flows” at large This map explores the National Scale. Material Flows looks into the production, extraction and circulation of goods that fuel Brazil’s national economy. Brazil is a country primarily reliant on the exportation of commodities, understanding this geography is fundamental in profiling divisions within the country. The layers explored here are: - Land Use at the national scale, mapping deforestation, farming, mining, wood extraction, oil extraction and urban density clusters.

- Main ports, Airports and Dry ports across the country; - The triangulation between Brazil’s micro-regions, one of the main logistic networks for the circulation and distribution of goods; - The production volume and actual flows throughout the national scale.

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“Material Flows” detail 1. Imports and Exports at Brazil’s main cities and ports.

2. Triangulating the logistics networks of distribution and trade within the country

3. Adding information of land use, agrictultural production, mining and oil extraction sites Nationally

This map begins by pin-pointing main locations of interest in regards to Brazil’s main exports.

These are the regional capitals of areas known as “micro-regions”. The bars on the left and right side of the map indicate imports and exports on the map, reading from left to right.

Then, we proceed to overlay the logistical distribution and circulation network that connects all of Brazil’s micro-regions and their capitals

We add current land use data for farming, oil extraction, mining, wood extraction, and gas throughout the entire country. We overlay these bases on top of the network.

material goods from origin to port of destination on the existing network

Performing network analysis, we are able to calculate how much of each type of good is in circulation throughout the network. This extracted, and tracks them until they are exported. The colors indicate types of goods, and the lineweight their mass in tons.

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“The Encryption of Power” at large This map explores the Urban Scale, particulary concerned in understanding the occurrence of graffiti in São Paulo.

This study investigates graffiti as a tool for understanding spatial segregation in the City of São Paulo. Here, we overlay mainly 4 layers: - City of São Paulo’s urban form, as a large scale 3D model; - Value of Real Estate as red crosses for each of the assessed properties; - Amount of online attention each graffiti intervention received (number of likes); - Media and police coverage of these events.

This map illustrates that graffiti indeed correlates spatially with ostentatious properties within the city of São Paulo, and that the closer to the downtown area one gets, the higher this occurrence can be perceived. This also shows us a correlation with urban form, and a preference for this manifestation in taller, more visible and prominent architectures throughout the city. The taller the building, the more it gathered online attention.

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“The Encryption of Power” detail 1. Collecting, handling and visualizing Instagram geodata, news articles and real estate data for the city of São Paulo

2. Using open-data to create a 3D model of the entire city, and adding real-estate property values

3. Juxtaposing real estate markets

4. Adding police reports and media

this map is a combination of Real Estate prices from assessment websites, media and police coverage of

We combine the open-data from the city government to create a highly detailed 3D model of the main neighborhoods of São

Then, we add the instagram posts. These are represented as blue lines: each shade of blue

Finally, we add the media and police coverage of these events, showing how the public reacts

uses to identify their work.

crosses represent each property, and their sizes the market assesed value of each property.

artists use to identify their work. The length and width of the post refer to the number of views and likes each of the posts received.

culminates in a discourse that points to this practice as a strong social movement, reclaiming the central places of the city, a class clash from the peripheries to downtown São Paulo.

newspaper & date n ne

“headline”

“headline” newspaper & date

newspaper per err & da date d te e

“headline “headline”

violations

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PORTFOLIO “Selected architecture and urbanism designs” Rafael Marengoni tel. +1 857 331 1585 e.mail rafaelmarengoni@gsd.harvard.edu Cambridge, MA

Rafael Marengoni Master in Architecture of Urban Design 2020’ Harvard Graduate School of Design Architect and Urbanist CAU 206557-6 May 2020