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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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Abstract Prabal is a Gujarati display typeface. It features heavyweight monolinear geometric style. Prabal is a Gujarati word which means strong, powerful or mighty. This typeface was created as a part of a 10-week design project of the semester 4 of the Master’s program at National Institute of Design. This document shows the detailed process of creating the typeface.
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Design Project 3 Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Process document Typeface: Prabal
Duration: 10 Weeks
Guide: Tarun Deep Girdher Senior Faculty, Graphic Design Student: Rahulkumar Gajjar M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Semester 4 Published: 8th May, 2019
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Acknowledgement It’s crazy to think it’s been two years since I left for the most magnificent adventure of my life! I would like to thank all the faculties who helped me build a strong foundation in design. I would like to thank my faculty and guide for this project Mr. Tarun Deep Girdhar who constantly inspired me towards the world of typography. His enthusiasm towards preserving Indian scripts, calligraphy and creating a type inspired me to take on this project. Throughout the project, he helped me with critical feedback to improve my work. I would also like to thank Ms. Noopur Datye from EkType, we had two days workshop with her, during that workshop I learned a lot about the professional type creation methods. I also would like to thank my anchor for the project and graphic design faculty Dr. Tridha Gajjar and Dr. Subir Day for inspiring me towards better time management and giving critical feedback during the reviews. I would also like to thank my review panel Dr. Nanki Nath, Mr. Jagdish Kumar, and Dr. Shilpa Das for inspiring me for quality work and giving me the necessary feedback. I would also like to thank my family, my parents, my brother, my friends and also fellow designers at NID for the constant support, inspiration and making the experience at NID remarkable.
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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Table of contents Title
Page
Project Proposal
11
Primary Research
13
Environment Study
23
Selection of a style
57
Letter construction
67
First draft
73
Final version
76
Applications
141
Naming a typeface
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Prabal family
155
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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Project Proposal Project background
Scope of the project
There are thousands of typefaces for the Roman script and hundreds more keep adding every year. However, there are very few typefaces available for the Indic scripts like Gujarati. There is a need for new typefaces to diversify the typographic expressions of the language. In designing a Gujarati typeface, I also have the advantage of being a native Gujarati speaker and writer.
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Project context Gujarati is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Gujarat. It is more than 700 years old and is spoken by more than 55 million people worldwide. The Gujarati script is derived from the Devanagari script which has its roots in Brahmi. Over time, the Shirorekha was dropped to adapt to the requirement of writing at rapid speeds for the purpose of accountkeeping and letter-writing. This, later, became the basis for the modern Gujarati script, after which it was adopted by writers of manuscripts and religious hand-written publications. The need for massproduction subsequently gave rise to hot metal type which adjusted the characters of the Gujarati script to fit in the established mechanical typesetting. This resulted in the script losing its original essence and characteristics even after the introduction of digital typesetting.
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Researching contemporary styles in the Gujarati script Taking handwriting samples from educators, calligraphers and painters. Research about these handwritings and the handwriting from manuscripts Developing a common base for the script Defining how much of manipulation of characters is accepted in terms of readability and legibility Developing a display typeface with at least two variations
Objective Developing contemporary Gujarati display typeface with at least two variations which appeal to the young audience. Tentative deliverables
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A document in digital or print format documenting the process of designing a display typeface Gujarati display typeface with the future strategy its applications
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Proposed timeline Week
1
Timeline Problem Identification, Define project brief, Research, Study a system
2
3
Primary research and exploring different contemporary styles
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Defining the base characteristic for the typeface
Developing the character set for vowels, consonants, and conjugations Digitizing a typeface
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User testing, revisions and applications of a typeface Compilation and documentation
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Primary Research Traditional calligraphy practice To make a typeface, the study of the original script was necessary. I started with the traditional calligraphy practice of the Gujarati script. Aksharaya manual helped me in that. It is a small booklet for Calligraphy, it shows how each letter of Gujarati script is written. It also shows how to make a bamboo reed pen and how to calculate the base height. I referenced this booklet to practice the calligraphy as it is necessary to be consciously aware of how each letter is constructed and how it interacts with the negative space. The scanned copy of the calligraphy manual has shown in the picture for the reference.
Calligraphy Manual by Aksharaya Foundation
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Handwriting Samples I took handwriting samples of students and teachers with the help of my parents. My parents are also teachers which made the process straightforward. The students were from 2nd to 7th standard. I also asked to make a large size double letter word or sentence. I have included a few samples which I found interesting. The handwriting sample from the right side image has distinctive features like the straight ending of kana, flat matra, and extra curvy letters.
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
In this handwriting, first one features italic style with straight endings of kana. The second one has a reverse italic angle which features curvy endings of kana.
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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This handwriting is from my mother (She is a teacher in a primary school). In her handwriting, all the letters are straight and have a curvy ending of kana.
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
This handwriting is from a kid in 3rd standard. It is interesting as the individual letters are looking nice but when he has placed them together in the paragraph, the space between word and letters is too close. It reminded me of the handwriting on manuscripts, it also had the same space between letters and words.
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Calligraphy practice
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After then I started doing the traditional calligraphy practice by referencing the Aksharaya calligraphy manual. After that, I started exploring calligraphy with different tools and techniques. I tried different shapes for the same character and was looking for different possibilities.
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Calligraphy practice and experimentation with different charectors .
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Environment Study
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While I was doing calligraphy practice, I started collecting samples of all forms of Gujarati type. I divided them into this category: Wall text, Signboards, Packaging, Publication, Digital form, and Calligraphy Reference: All the pictures from this page till the end of this section are from various sources. Some of the pictures are taken by me, some are taken by my guide Tarun Deep Girdhar and others are from Instagram. Instagram reference profiles: @tarundg @Signwalker @rocky_sandboa @hindirinny @themightyeyes @typechronicles @letter_it_down @gunjanasdon @titlesintranslation @ajaygajjarindia @ aditipimprikar @vin.ahir @karuna_kreates @matratype
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Wall Text
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Signboards
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Packaging
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Publication
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Digital Form
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Calligraphy
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Selection of a style I have started brief interviewing my batchmates (design students) about what do they think contemporary style is. What comes first in their mind? It could be anything, product, typeface, architecture, fabric, fashion style, book, movie, art style, etc. Microsoft surface products New Apple products Tesla Geometric objects Clean, neat, minimal architectural spaces We always design for future, when researching about futuristic or new typefaces they had these features: Broken letters, Heavily Condensed, Heavily Expended, Geometric, Heavy Weight, Hexagonal, Shifted crossbar, Added extra characteristic or parts, Typeface with only negative space, Chromatic typeface Taking all this into consideration I started exploring the intended style. I made few calligraphic tools from bamboo, other than that I used a flat brush and parallel pen Contemporary living or occurring at the same time. belonging to or occurring in the present. Keywords Clean Geometric Minimal Heavyweight
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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After this exercise monolinear, a heavyweight, geometric style was emerging. That I decided to draw on a bigger paper with a flat brush.
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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After this, I scanned these letters and constructed them digitally. Then I retraced on paper so that I could see how it would look on paper.
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Root letters Root letters are the set of letters which shares the same characteristics as the same type of curves or repeating of the same shape. Here letters are formed in different groups based on the common shapes. The letters which have some common elements are grouped together. After that one or two letters from each group has been selected.
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Comparison chart
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After selecting root letters, it was compared with different typefaces which might have the characteristics of the intended style. I also compared it with the currently selected style and it helped me a lot on constructing a character. Noopur Datye from Ek Type helped me in how the letter is constructed, which letter to start constructing first.
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Features comparison
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Letter construction
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We had two-day type design workshop with Noopur Datye from Ek Type. She suggested that to have consistency across all characters I should have defined rules for the intended style and the stick to it for the rest of the character set. Axes: 90° Modulation: monolinear Terminals: 90° or 180° Aperture: open Joineries: Moderated Tapering Peculiar features: heavyweight After defining those rules I started drawing letters.
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Digital letter construction First, the anchor points are placed on the extremes of the curve. Like in this shape, the anchors are at the extremes. The anchor points have to be as less as possible. On the right side illustration, how to find an extreme point is shown. You have to imagine each curve as eclipse and imagine it is placed in a square, which point would touch the curve? That point becomes the extreme point. In the illustration, the arrow shows the place of the anchor point.
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After placing the anchor pints, the node points are pulled to make a curve, you can stretch it to make the desired curve.
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Noopur suggested to start with ‘Pa’ ‘Va’ ‘Cha’ ‘Sa’ ‘Ka’ ‘Pha’ ‘Gha’ ‘Bha’ ‘Kha’ ‘Ala’ After making these letters I could start with any other character.
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
I went through three versions before I selected the first draft. Here is the example of some of those changes. Changes are shown from right to left.
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
First draft
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Overall texture
કળશ આગમ સરસ. મલય ચણ ચવક ઘનપર વલય ઘડ. ભગ છણ સરસ. ચણતર લગત મયગલ અધમતર ગગનપથ. ગરમર કફન કઠગઢ અડકણ દડકણ ફગહફગહ કદમ. બકદમ રદ ચકમણ કનકમય ઘનપરવલય. કદમબકદમ વલય ષભ. ઘનપરવલય રપટ અડથલ બડથલ અલબત. અડથલગડથલ લચકમચક કથડ ધરપકડ રગર. બડપણ ગઢ રળતખપત મરણભય. શવ નકલહક ગદપદ અછત વરણ. હલનચલન વળતર કવચન નડતર અડચણ અપગત. Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Analysis of the current draft
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There is an uneven texture. Few characters are not going well with others. Characters which have curves are making angled endings, the overall eye movement is not consistent with other characters. So, for the next version, I decided to use the ending perpendicular to the self. This change got rid of the sharp edges which earlier version was created, now it was consistent with other characters. Another change I made is to have a lower part of the character a curvy ending. Which helped me in balancing the overall form of the character.
Current forms
Changes
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Final version After a lot of changes, exploration, testings, and revisions, these shapes were selected as the final and I started the further process of creating the marks and conjoint.
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
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Kerning kerning is the process of adjusting the spacing between characters. Kerning adjusts the space between individual letter forms. The blank spaces between each pair of characters should have a visually similar area. Kerning has to be adjusted between all possible pairs of the typeface. Here is the extreme example is shown when ‘Da’ and ‘Pa’ are together what should happen to space in between.
Without kerning
With kerning
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Consonants
Vowels
Diacritic with ‘Ka’
Conjuncts
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Ka
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Kha
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Ga
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Gha
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Cha
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Chha
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Ja
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Za
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Da
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Dha
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NNa
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Ta
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Da
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Dha
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Na
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Pa
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Ba
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Bha
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Ma
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Ya
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Ra
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La
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Va
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Sa
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Sha
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Ha
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Ksha
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A
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Ka + U
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Ka + ChandraE
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Texture
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સબદ લફડફફડ ફદડકફદડક મછ ફલકશયન છણવટ ગરબડસરબડ થડ ઝલર કતર ટપર જલજ છલક કલહમય ભરભર મદનભવન દલપત લકડધકડ ભરતવન સમચરણ ચટચટ નગરજન દડઘલ કદમબકદમ નરમ કજકડ ઘદ હરખચમક લપક ફદડકફદડક કમકદર ખળળખળ સફરજન ઢગર ઘનપરવલય સથર શવ ગડલવણ ઘસ નણદલ તટ કદમબકદમ કદમબકદમ ફરજન ગડબડસડબડ ઘચક હજ સમ ઘનપરવલય ફદડકફદડક હબશણ ધ લફડફફડ ઘચઘચ લદબદ રસભર ચરપણ ઘરડપણ હય કદમબકદમ ડક ન યમસદન ચમરગળ ઘનપરવલય જફતરફત સગણ કફન લસરકલસરક શરભ ચમરધર નળગર કનકમય કમરક લફરફફર ઘબઘબ ઢબઢબ વલન મનસબ લસણ તદન ગરધણ ચકરભમર ન નગરજન બચ લવ નવમ ડચકર ગફ ઘનપદ ગરબડસરબડ મલય ઘનપદ કફજનક કદમબકદમ બળગ કરત કદમબકદમ કદમબકદમ રસધર લપડછપડ જળથળ સણસણ ગરણ છનછન ધગધગ હજરત કડડ કટકદળ કમકદર કળશઘર ખળખળ લચકમચક ધ કસકસ ધર ચમરગળ ઘરડ સમચરણ ખબ કરડકરડ ગડબડસડબડ જમ મદનફલ ચભડચભડ ઘનપરવલય લસરકલસરક રટણપટણ ઘનપરવલય છરછર ખબડખત ખણ વરસણ સમવસરણ ફલકશયન સગડ ધનક લફ બક સન શણગટ કદમબકદમ કદમબકદમ રજતમય મફર ગરબડસરબડ રસભર કમરકશ ગરથ મરણકર ફસફસ સતર ગરબરસરબડ દશરથ રણરણક ડફક ગડબડસડબડ કમળભવ ચરણગત ખડખડ મરણભય નયનપથ યજન ષણ ચણભણ દરજણ સળફ ખડસલ નભછત કમળદળ તરબ ચકરભમર ન ફદડકફદડક ગરબડસરબડ રપટ ડફ મનત વરસ વરસણ ડબકડબક ગયવર ટગ સઘન ગરબરસરબડ દર કફજનક ખખડધજ નરમગરમ કદમબકદમ ગગનપથ ગડબડસડબડ સરડ ગડબડસડબડ હચમચ ડગડગ મદનભવન ખડબચડ ખગ મદકલ ફદડકફદડક કદમબકદમ રગશરગશ ચતબઠ ખટકરમ ઘનપરવલય ળહ રચપચ જલન છનકમનક લગદન છણણ ભયજનક ઘનપરવલય ઘનપરવલય કરજ મદન દતર ચત હરખભર ખરખર રટણપટણ કલખણ જણક ઢપઢપ મલકટ દમ ન કડકડ ઠબ ચમચબઝ ઘનપરવલય નપડ કદમબકદ ફગહફગહ બગ ભભક ભર કનડગત ફદડકફદડક કમળદળ સટ લસરકલસરક કરકમળ બકરમ લબઢબસ તઘલખ રહસરહસ ફરહર નવગઠન લબડ સરઘસ તલખ રથદળ નમલ ગટકમટક હચકડચક કદમબકદમ બણક ઝમ ઝલપ ભલમનત કચરકચર ગરમ ભટવણ ફદડકફદડક ઘરખપત સથર લસરકલસરક લપટઝપટ ગટ રદબદલ મદઝર રમણક કદમબકદમ કમરક ટન બગઠગ નબદતર તરકટ ઘચડ કદમબકદમ ઘસડપસડ ગવન કદમબકદમ ભલપણ બફ લસરકલસરક ન કવન રસઘટક ઝલ કમખરચ મણઝર ગરબડસરબડ કમનજર તડ કનકરસ ઘનપરવલય ખડતળ ધસમસ કદમબકદમ તત જનગણમન ગચપચ કદમબકદમ શષસ બળકટ સરબડ ઢસડ ન ગરડ કવઠ નરતન ગપડસપડ ઘરણ ઘનપરવલય લસરકલસરક મડદ ધરપકડ કમબખત કઠકડ ગરબડસરબડ મયગલ કરકમલ છરછર કદમબકદમ જરવજર લપનછપન. કળવકળ સમપદ ખચ જળ તરમ જગમગ નરમગરમ મગધ બતર ગરડગફ ખણણણ નગરજન વસન કપસટ ઘનપરવલય હચકડચક ચટચટ વયણવય મદનમદ કમર દ શળ વતન સબક ખખ ડપમણ ગરબડસરબડ મદજળ ચકળવકળ લત વમન તડફડ ફદડકફદડક ગળતર બમઠસ હટખટ કડતલ કટ કરબદર રગડદગડ કચડકચડ શર લસરકલસરક મણગઢ ખળર કડડકટ કદમબકદમ ઝણણણણ ઠમકઠમક રચપચ ગમ દચક થ ટશ વડસફર ખણણ લસરકલસરક તલખ ખણસ તડ કદમબકદમ કદમબકદમ કદમબકદમ ગડબડસડબડ ગરબડસરબડ ચકમણ ઘનપરવલય સરરરર કતરવતર કફનદફન ઝળહળ નર કદમબકદમ ફદડકફદડક ધવ દવ ભણ નવરસ ધણબણ ડરકણ હમવતન ડખલ જલકમલ ભરચટ ધસમસ ઘનપરવલય રગત ગરબડસરબડ ગરડ ખળળખળ તરબ ગરડગપ નખ કવન ઝલર ઘનપરવલય કમલવદન ખચક ગડગડ ફગહફગહ નબદતર રવરણ ઘટપટ મગરબ સમથલ ઠઠ ગડલવણ ન ઘરડઘરડ મડતલ ગરબડસરબડ Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
કળશ આગમ સરસ. મલય ચણ ચવક ઘનપર વલય ઘડ. ભગ છણ સરસ. ચણતર લગત મયગલ અધમતર ગગનપથ. ગરમર કફન કઠગઢ અડકણ દડકણ ફગહફગહ કદમ. બકદમ રદ ચકમણ કનકમય ઘનપરવલય. કદમબકદમ વલય ષભ. ઘનપરવલય રપટ અડથલ બડથલ અલબત. અડથલગડથલ લચકમચક કથડ ધરપકડ રગર. બડપણ ગઢ રળતખપત મરણભય. શવ નકલહક ગદપદ અછત વરણ. હલનચલન વળતર કવચન નડતર અડચણ અપગત. Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Applications
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This typeface can be used on signboards, news headlines, magazine, book cover title, t-shirts, advertisements, posters, etc. Because of the heavyweight, it gets the attention of the viewer quickly. Because of its features, it can be used to give a serious message or a warning.
Tractor advertisement
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Newspaper headline (Before)
Newspaper headline (After)
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script
Website (Before)
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Website (After)
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Warning message
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
The typeface with different special effects
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
T-shirts
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Movie poster
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Naming a typeface This typeface features heavyweight monolinear geometric shapes. It gives a strong and bold personality. That’s why ‘Prabal’ has been chosen as the name of a typeface. Prabal is a Gujarati word which means strong, powerful or mighty.
Prabal family
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There would be the italic version of the same typeface and the thinner variations too. The shape of the typeface has been created in a way that if it’s in a lighter weight it would be readable. The lighter versions could be used as the body text. Future versions: Prabal Light Prabal Ragular Prabal Italic Prabal Bold Prabal Bold Italic Prabal ExtraBold Prabal ExtraBold Italic
Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Current glyphs set (WIP)
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
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Rahulkumar Gajjar | M.Des. Graphic Design 2017 Batch
Design Project 3 | Developing Contemporary Display Typeface for Gujarati Script