Burnley ReWeaving
View of Burnley through the Leeds and Liverpool Canal Source-Pixabay.com
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How to make use of current resources? What is the key identity of Burnley? How can we re- programme Burnley?
After reading theoretical texts our group of architecture students came up with artistic responses as a starting point for our research on Burnley. We conducted a site visit and interviews with some local people to understand their thoughts, frustrations, concerns and visions about the city. The city is lacking legibility and the ability to attract to people. The high street is deserted and has had an adverse effect on retail due to the pandemic. The identity of local people and the local artisan’s network is lost. The city fails to provide jobs to people.
In 2013, Burnley was awarded an enterprising Britain Award from the UK Government for being the ‘Most Enterprising Area in the UK’. A series of high-profile regeneration schemes, including direct rail link to Manchester, an aerospace supply village and mul timillion pound investment in the former Victorian industrial heartland through a project called ‘On the Banks ‘are radically transforming the economy of Lancashire town.
Burnley is a town in Lancashire, England, with a population of about 89,000. It is situated north of Manchester and east of Preston at the confluence of the River Calder and River Brun. The town began to develop in the early medieval period as number of farming ham lets surrounded by manor houses and royal forests, and has held a market for more than 700 years. During the Industrial Revolution it became one of Lancashire’s most prominent mill towns, at its peak it was one of the worlds largest producers of cotton cloth and a major center of engineering. The glory of the town, based on the manufacturing of cotton, coal mining and manufacturing declined after the World War II.
Burnley is in need of a re-programme. Therefore, we have come up with the concept of “Reweaving Burnley”. Reweaving the identity, reweaving the economy and reweaving the community. The aim is to make interventions in the certain areas of the city to affect the surrounding spaces which eventually affect the entire city.
The last deep coal mine, Hapton Valley Colliery, closed in February 1981 and the last steam-powered mill, Queen Street Mill, in 1982. Over the next two decades, Burnley’s three largest manufacturers closed their factories: BEP, Prestige and Michelin. The town has struggled to recover: its employment growth between 1995 and 2004 placed it 55th of England’s 56 largest towns and cities. In 2016, a study put Rochdale, Burnley and Bolton at top of a list of the 74 largest UK cities and towns faring worst compared with UK trends.10.1% of its working age population currently claims incapacity benefit and ESA. Burnley has some of the lowest property prices in the country. These streets are con centrated in areas of terrace housing in the poorer neighbourhoods adjacent to the town centre. Approximately 65 million pounds of government funds was invested into these areas. Burnley has also topped the figures for the highest number of burglaries per head in England and Wales.
The Weavers Triangle, Burnley Lancashire, 1910 Source-https://www.reddit.com/r/HistoryPorn/comments/k6n58o/the_weavers_triangle_burnley_lancashire_1910_the/
PROPOSALBACKGROUND
Burnley is a town in Lancashire, England, it is 21 miles north of Manchester and 20 miles tRiver Calder and River Brun. To the west of Burnley lie the towns of Padiham, Accrington and Blackburn, with Nelson and Colne to the north.
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Rail services to and from Burnley are provided by Northern. The town has four railway stations: Burnley Manchester Road, Burnley Central, Burnley Barracks and Rose Grove. People can arrive at Leeds, Liverpool Airport, Manchester Airport by train with 1 hour and arrive at Edinburgh, Glasgow, London with 2 hours. People also can take bus to these places.
LOCATION
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INDUSTRIAL TIMES
With the economic development, there were many new public facilities estab lished.
DEVELOPMENT LAG
After the second World War
The population is decreasing and ageing, the boundary is shrinking.
The First World War heralded the beginning of the collapse of the British textile industry. But the boundary was still extended.
Burnley was known as the weavers’ triangle. The triangular urban form has been formed.
1884 1903 1924
The Weavers Triangle
After the First World War
HISTORIC TIMELINE
1947 1965 2021
The area expanded gradually, the town form tended to be stable.
BURNLEY EXTENSION
Burnley developed into the most important cotton-weaving town in the world. The area developed rapidly and has taken initial shape.
STRATEGY Burley
Understanding
12 13
MIND MAP
Empire Theater
METHODOLOGY
JAMIE
14 15
Interview with Jimmy and talked about retail,high street and re-use
Route of Site Visit
Church on the Street
Weaver’s Triangle
MANCHESTERBACKBURNLEYARRIVETO
Interview with Kelly and talked about the gap of generations
UClanSecondVisionCampus
Interview with Jimmy and talked about retail,high street and re-use
High Street
Factory Heritage Burnley Market
16 17
INTERVIEW WITH ACTORS
PICTURE OF BURNLEY
18 19 LITERATURE STUDY
20 21 LITERATURE STUDY
In project,
Burnley Job Centre
this
22 23 SITE ANALYSIS FIGURE-GROUND TRAFFIC MAIN ROUTE HIGH STREET LAND USE COMMERCIAL MIX-USE PUBLIC GREEN SPACE CANAL GEOGRAPHY University of Central Lancashire EmpireWeaver’sTheatreTownHallTriangleBurnley Market Hall
we will conduct key research on the town center area, including high street, victorian zone beside high street, Burnley Empire Theatre and historic cotton mills area. and our aim is to design this area as a example which can be implemented in all other area in Burnley Narrow Alley Inner Block street Main Street Footpaths with parking Only Pedestrian Narrow Alley Inner Block street Main Street Footpaths with parking OnlyUnusedPedestrianlandLeft over green ParkingpatchesSpace StoryStoryStoryStorystory Street Analysis Open Space Analysis Building Height Analysis
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USE-CLASS ANALYSIS
26 27 TOWN CENTER SUBURBAN SUBURBAN Terraced Housing KEYGenerallyCHARACTERShighlevelof enclosure 3-6 Averragestoreyprice at 105,000 Suitable for single/ couple/ small family Large plot size and landscape between units 2-3 storey Average price at ￡315,000 Suitable for big family with eldery and children Joined enclosurebuildings-goodofstreet2storeyoccationally 3 storey Average price at ￡135,000 Sutable for couple and smallage 18% 92% 6%2% 22% 60% age United Kingdom ￡67.51K ￡58.1K ￡5.1B ￡73.0B 74.9K 1280KOutsidecontriesthe EU age 16 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 68 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Owned Motage Social rent Private rent Vaccancy 31.5% 33.5% 14.1%17.7% 3% 31.5% 33.5% 14.1%17% 4.6% ENGLANDENGLANDBURNLEYBURNLEY 113,000 ￡5,688 ￡11,964 ￡30,540 0 5 0 0 ￡5,688 ￡113,000 ￡11,964 ￡30,540EnglandEnglandBurnleyBurnley AVERAGE HOUSING PRICE AVERAGE RENT PRICE PROPERTY OWNERSHIP & RENT socoialmotageowned rent private vaccanyrent TYPE OF UNIT PROPORTION OF TOTAL NUMBER OF UNITS CLASS A1 (RETAIL) 43.0 CLASS A1 (SERVICES) 12.1 CLASS A2 14.9 CLASS A3-A5 9.6 MISCELLANEOUS 1.1 VACANT/UNDER CONST. 19.3 TOTAL 100.0 Burnley town centre contains a lower than average proportion class A3/A5 units. This is reflective of the high proportion of vacant units and the overall decline of retail and leisure floorspace in favour of service uses. It is considered that butnley town centre could reasonably accomodate additional class A3/A5 units without prejudicing the retail function of the centre. RETAIL ANALYSISHOUSING ANALYSIS Terrace Housing https://www.webbaviation.co.uk/aerial/picture.php?/28115/category/710 Vacant Shops https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/sep/03/empty-shops-on-uk-high-streets-at-highest-level-in-six-years
-matter-stunt BURNLEY JOB CENTRE PLUS PICTURE
29 age 15 18% 92% 6%2% 22% 60% age 68 United Kingdom ￡67.51K ￡58.1K ￡5.1B ￡73.0B 74.9K 1280KEUOutsidecontriesthe EU age 16 67 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 68 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Owned Private rent Vaccancy 31.5% 17.7% 3% ENGLANDENGLANDBURNLEYBURNLEY 113,000 ￡5,688 ￡11,964 ￡30,540 50.1% of Burnley's housing stock consisted of HouseTerraced AVERAGEDEMONGRAPHYHOUSING PRICE HOUSING MARKET IN BURNLEY TOWN IMAGE OF BURNLEY COMMON HOUSING TYPOLOGY IN BURNLEY AVERAGE RENTING PRICE PROPERTY OWNERSHIP & RENTS ECONOMY COMPARE WITH MANCHESTER 91,161 by 1991 and "DROP" to 89,344 by 2020. 1991 to due to youger age as they even higer third as vacanyBasedinratesseals housing, garden Age Coposition in TypicalBurnleyAGING SOCIETY because of people LIVE LONGER LOW BIRTH RATE and OUT-IMMIGRATION Detached and Semi-detached Terraced Housing Terraced HousingFlats Burnley Immigration Statistics Burley Burley BurleyManchester AERIAL VIEW DetachedTerraced & Semi-detached Flats FIGURE GROUND PLAN KEY CHARACTERS Generally high level of enclosure 3-6 Averragestoreyprice at 105,000 Suitable for single/ couple/ small family Large plot size and landscape between units 2-3 Averagestoreyprice at ￡315,000 Suitable for big family with eldery andJoinedchildrenbuildings-good enclosure of street 2 storey occationally 3 storey Average price at ￡135,000 Sutable for couple and small family Manchester Manchester WORKERPERGDP GDPTOTAL DetachedJOBTOTAL and Semi-detached DEMOGRAPHICS91,161 by 1991 and "DROP" to 89,344 by 2020. Age Coposition in Burnley Typical AGING SOCIETY because of people LIVE LONGER, LOW BIRTH RATE and OUT-IMMIGRATION Burnley Immigration Statistics SCHOOLS COLLEGES& (within miles/4.83km) 0% 30%25%20%15%10%5%0%80%60%40%20% ENGLANDENGLAND BURNLEYBURNLEY OFSTED RATING BURNLEY EDUCATION STATISTICS outstanding good require improvment inadequate noqualification level1 level2 shipappenditce level3 level other EMPLOYMENT ANALYSIS EDUCATION ANALYSIS High Street
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/23/racism-is-not-what-burnley-is-about-how-lancashire-town-reacted-to-white-lives
https://www.picfair.com/pics/05032121-the-job-centre-in-burnley-lancashire-uk-a-working-class-town-that-has-high
WEAVER’S TRIANGLE SHOPPING CENTREST. JAMES STREETVICTORIAN CORE
30 31 THE EMPIRE THEATRE
AREAS OF INVESTIGATION
Aerial View of Burnley https://www.webbaviation.co.uk/aerial/picture.php?/28140/category/710
MARKET AND
PROBLEM AREAS
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BURNLEY MARKET HALL
Shop ShopCustomerQuantityStatisticsRentPedestrian Flow and Active Space Ground floor filament line Second floor filament line Ground floor activity degree Second floor activity degree Ground floor filament line Second floor filament line Ground floor activity degree Second floor activity degree Second floor filament line Ground floor activity degree Second floor activity degreeSecond floor filament line Ground floor activity degree Second floor activity degree MARKET AND SHOPPING CENTRE MORNING-Market for the elder NOON-Food court for students GenerationGap Evening-Closed and vacant shopsNotUsedFully 2nd floor 1st EldersfloorTourists Adults Students Kids 47 shops 6% 11% 17% 24% 42% 72 shops BURNLEY MARKET PICTURE https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/18229086.burnleys-weekly-bric-brac-market-return/
Format Analysis Chart
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Old people like to go the market in the morning, while young people eat in the market at noon or go shopping in the shopping center in the afternoon. There is an “GAP” between the two generations in time and activities. The first floor has a well-developed walking system, while the second floor has little space for walking.
Burnley Market is the place to go for great quality local produce, beauty treatments, fashion, technology and an amazing variety of food. The existing Burnley market is now lack of attractions. With fixed shops and simple functions, it cannot meet people’s multiple uses anymore. Markets and shopping centers mainly sell clothes and foods, most stops are general retail. There are more shops on the ground floor than on the second floor, which is mostly used as a warehouse. But rents remain “HIGH” although many space is empty.
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THE EMPIRE TREATRE
THE EMPIRE THEATRE https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/18684932.burnley-empire-final-four-days-theatre-appeal/
The 1,200-seat Burnley Empire was built in 1894, with the auditorium reconstructed in 1911 by Bertie Crewe. It is Burnley’s only Grade II listed purpose-built Victorian theatre. It has a high level of architectural interest, the principal feature being the Crewe interior. At the time of statutory listing, it retained most of the original structure and elaborate detail with robust and richly formed plasterwork in the Classical style. Although in poor condition, the theatre could be restored to use.
Over recent years the number of vacant shops in this area has steadily grown (more than three times higher than the national average), whilst many of the fine historic buildings have fallen into disrepair and lost some important architectural features due to a lack of repairs and maintenance.
38 39 ST. JAMES STREET
High Street
St.james street is the most popular street, people will come here on weekends to enjoy the food in restaurants or come to the coffee shop to enjoy the sunshine. Also, there are lots of fancy shops and some banks on the street.
Office
Most of the upper floor were be in used as residences within the area besides of St James Street, which means people living in this area. Additionally, four important landmarks is located in this area and it also have a canal view and a green park.
MARKET
However, even there are many interesing elements in the area, it was tend to be boring and nearly isolated. Pubs and clubs take a high pro portion which cuase the low flow volum in daytime; Community have no gathering places and site lack of public infrasturcture, the only open space surrounded by jobcentre, church and town hall is used as a private parking; And the canal and green park is blocked by the parking lot.
Burnley
Parking behind the Town Hall and Job Centre
VICTORIAN
No Landscape in Community Flats Not in use & Club & Bank Retail be Parking Lot
Canal
A Community Area With Interesting Element But Losing Interets From People
UnderusedblockedGreen Park Private
Most of the upper floor were be in used as residences within the area besides of St James Street, which means people living in this area. Additionally, four important landmarks is located in this area and it also have a canal view and a green park. However, even there are many interesing elements in the area, it was tend to be boring and nearly isolated. Pubs and clubs take a high proportion which cuase the low flow volum in daytime; Community have no gathering places and site lack of public infrasturcture, the only open space surrounded by jobcentre, church and town hall is used as a private parking; And the canal and green park is blocked by the parking lot.
CORE
THEARTER
HERITAGE
Pub
40 41
MachenicsChurch Footfall & Street
WEAVER'STRIANGLE
Jobcenter Town Hall Burnley
? ? ? ? 5.8M 17.3M ROWJAMESSTMANCHESTERRD
WEAVER’S
42 43
Sidewalks and bridges
The heritage area of the Weavers’ Triangle is defined by an area bounded by Manchester Road, Trafalgar Street, Westgate and Queen’s Lancashire Way. In planning terms the Weavers’ Triangle development area expands further south-west, and along the canal to Finsley Gate bridge
Between 1990 and 1996 extensive refurbishment took place at Trafalgar Mill funded by the ERDF, English Heritage and Burnley Council. The work included re-roofing, repointing, sand blasting the walls and replacing windows.[13] Parts of the building have been let to local businesses..
TRIANGLE
Weaver Triangle Visitor Weaverhttps://www.google.com/CentreTriangleVisitorCentre aemvLw3jiDK79FLy94IIkKUJ2w6nQOHQ:1637876984216&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjAp9Gev7T0AhUB_6QKHT5hBCMQ_https://www.google.com/search?q=weavers+triangle+visitors+centre,+manchester+road,+burnley&rlz=1C1CHWL_zh-CNUS871US871&sxsrf=AO
The Weavers’ Triangle is a modern name for an area on the banks of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal that was once at the heart of Burnley’s textile industry. The name was first used in the 1970s, as in terest developed in preserving Burnley’s industrial heritage, and refers to the roughly triangular shape of the region.
The Weavers’ Triangle is modern name for an area on the banks of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal that was once at the heart of Burn ley’s textile industry. The name was first used in the 1970s, as inter est developed in preserving Burnley’s industrial heritage, and refers to the roughly triangular shape of the region.
Main and secondary lanes Existing buildings Key planning area
With the collapse of the British textile industry, the canal is no longer used for industry, but used as a tourist attraction. Small boats drifted through the canal, and the trees on either side rustled with the wind.
The population density Crowd gathering area
KALØ TOWER VISITOR ACCESS Brighton
Urban MétamorphoseBloom de l’insectarium
At the heart of the Leeds retail scene since 1857, Leeds Kirkgate Market is home to some of the most characterful traders in the city, with businesses spanning generations and represent ing a wide range of nationalities, an Asian Bazaar every Wednesday morning and a farmers market held on Briggate every first and third Sunday of the month.
https://www.archdaily.com/891819/ur ban-bloom-aim-architecture-plus-urban-matters
http://www.lacatonvassal.com/index.php?idp=88 Open Air Theatre
The three plates, like lots of our inspiration, came out of a story. We live in communities that are often disconnected. If communities connect together and believe in their potential, people start to do good, kind and loving things in the world around them.
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One of the largest indoor markets in Europe, Kirkgate is a shopper’s paradise from fresh food, drink and fashion to jewellery, flowers, hardware and haberdashery.
At Incredible Edible we believe this starts by agitating three plates. Imagine that you are a plate spinner. There are three plates and if you use your will and passion to spin all three, the energy they create not only puts on a great show but helps everyone who sees think differently about the future. tects?ad_medium=gallerykalo-tower-visitor-access-map-archihttps://www.archdaily.com/802994/ bath/songs-from-the-sea-at-boat-brighton-https://www.folkandhoney.co.uk/bristol-andopen-air-theatre-with-the-salts-n176/
ASIAN BAZAAR FAMILY CHRISMAS SHOWINDOOR MARKET KIRKGATE MARKET INCRIDIBLE EDIBLE CASE STUDY
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STRATEGIC CONNECTIONS
Riviving the high street by mix-use street, open performance in urban stage, pop-up market street and the market. Which will make urban life more active and attract different generations.
STRATEGIC MOVES
Urban farming in a recycle system with public space and empty roof, combined with local sustainable community. The production will be used in workshop mak ing and market selling.
Making in the artisan workshop, showing in the urban stage and selling in the market. Which is highly related to the local hand craft industry and will create more job opportunities and economy development.
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50 51 KEY CONNECTIONS
52 53
CONCEPTUAL
MASTERPLAN
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56 MASTERPLAN
CONNECTION 1 - NEW ARTISAN NETWORK
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STRATEGIC
Making
artisan teaching social space
FORMAT ANALYSIS CHART Planting ANALYSIS CHART
SellingMaking
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WORKSHOP
SellingPlanting
FORMAT
In this keymove, our main strategy is to provide artists with cre ative space, so that they can maximize their value. At the same time, we can teach students the skills of artisans. If visitors visit, they can also know the history and culture of the town, through artisan courses. The products of artisans and tourists can be transported to the stage for exhibition, and then sold in the market, connecting the entire area through artistic activities.
artisan learning
FORMAT ANALYSIS CHART
After research, Burnley needs an urban performance space to re-weave public events and heritage theater. The design strat egy covers inside-out, bottom-top, and connecting more urban spaces, not only from the perspective of route use, such as con necting artisan and the commercial area, but also from the perspective of visual con nection, which will change this area to a new important monu ment for the activities, memory and even Burnley.
STAGE
BOTTOM UP
The site of the design focuses on Empire Theater, as well as the surrounding public space and the combination of spaces with different uses.
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INSIDE OUT URBAN CONNECTIONS
MARKET
stagebarmodules
Plan & Section
Types of modules
stage modulesshop
Goal
stage plant&seat plant&seatplant&seat entertainmentaudienceproduceseatmodules
foodpartitionshelf entrancemeat fresh
We design a new movable unit system which has three kinds of movable modules--shop modules, stage modules and entertainment modules. With wheels and shelves, these modules can be combine in different ways according to these the shop owners and customers' needs. In the mornng, the elders come to buy the fresh vegetables and meat so the units comine as individual shops. For meal times, the units combine into semi-public areas with stages holding performance in the centers. Meanwhile, a delivery area will be combined. Every month, exchange and second hand events will be hold. Art crafts and vintage cothes made in the work shops alongside the river will be transported here to exhbit and sell.
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Design CombinationProcessways of modules
entrepreneurshipencourage achieve sustainability
We design a new movable unit system which has three kinds of movable modules--shop modules, stage modules and entertainment modules. With wheels and shelves, these modules can be combine in different ways according to these the shop owners and customers' needs.
Events-Exhibit, Sell & Performance
Morning-Fresh Produce Market Mealtime-Food court & Delivery
adapt to people's needs
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STRATEGIC UCLAN TO TURF MOOR THROUGH ST JAMES STREET
MOVE 2 - FROM
MARKET STREET
The design aims to open up the ground floor to create a connec tion to the communal green space behind and link to the river and the market street. And divide the existing vacant shops in to a few small shops to make the rent more affordable. Change of use class from class B8 to class C3 dwelling houses, adding more residential units for rent for prospective students of Uclan.
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The design creates pop up shops to bring in footfall to the mar ket street and provides a platform for local artisans and small business owners to showcase their products to the public. Mak ing better use of the air space above the existing structure within GDP’s policy to add addtional floor spaces. The terrace hous es and detached houses fall into the AA and AB categories re spectively and hence are allowed to make the extension to the house. Additional two stories can be added into the aorspace. Also, change of use class from B8 to B1 and D2 of the vacant storage units on the upper level to achieve best utilization of space.
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The design started with the two squares around Empire Thea tre, where will be changed to a public stage and outside exhi bition area. For the facade, designer keep the old wall for the background of the stage and make another one more transpar ent which can let people in the exhibition square easily feel the inside performance. The big stair creates a new route to go to the roof of theatre and also get experience of the chimney and river.
STAGE
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The open cafe has multi level benches and tables which creates an interactive zone for both art installations especially during the red and blue festival.
The circluar frame around the cafe is for local artisans for dis playing their work.
BURNLEY MARKET SQUARE
The square is stragegically planned for maximum user interac tion and social engagement for the market space. The entrance staircase is multiuse stairs which can be used as an amphitheatre and grand entrance for the market from high street area.
MOVE 3 - SUSTAINABLE
STRATEGIC LIFESTYLE
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Sustainable System
GATHERINGstrenghen creatcohersioncommunitynew lifestylesustaianble economiccircular system for landscapesbylandmarksre-connectcommunity REVIVINGPRODUCINGRECYCLING Section
URBAN FARMING
To revitalize the old victorian community,more gathering spaces are required. Our proposal in this area is to transfer the pre vious private parking lot into a public gathering centre with a community farming and some community workshop spaces. Besides,rooftop farmings will be implemented on existing resi dences where inhabitants can plant and pick up their vegetable freely and at the same time the existing Victorian facade won’t be destroyed. Rain water,organic waste and recyclable waste from the community will be collected and reused,the products from farming and community workshop can be sent to market and the earning will pay pack to the community. Our aim is cre ating a sustainable and livable community with a circular eco nomic system where respecting old neighbors and welcoming new inhabitants,where communities living coherently. We are going to turn this area into an new Victorian Zone.
Goals
WORKSHOP
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In this keymove, our strategy is to deliver part of the results of roof planting to the workshop, like some flowers or other plant raw materials, where a gardener can teach you flower arrange ment or how to plant beautiful plants, or teach something about the knowledge of planting. And people of different ages can par ticipate in it. Everyone can exchange topics about plant learn ing here, which alleviates the problem of age stratification to a certain extent.
BURNLEY MARKET
SCENE 1: AGRICULTURAL FAIR
The greenhouse on the roof can be used as a garden at ordinary times, where people can plant various flowers and tourists come to take photos. In times of need, the greenhouse also serves as a temporary market where crops brought in from the sustainable community and flowers grown in the greenhouse can be sold.
INCREASE THE GREENING BUILD THE FOUNDATION FRAMING THE FRAMES INSTALL GLASS GROW PLANTS SET UP FAIR
SCENE 2: ROOFTOP GARDEN SCENE 3: PLANTING EXPERIENCE
FORMAT ANALYSIS CHART
SECTION sell crops and vegetables crops from sustainable community winter garden cultivation education tourism picking experience
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At the same time, the design connects the second floor of the shopping mall and the market, which are isolated from each oth er, to activate the second floor space, so that people have more space to walk and find fun. The storehouses or empty rooms on the second floor were converted into retail, viewing platforms and new event spaces. The empty store on the first floor is also hollowed out for entertainment and evacuation.
VIEW
SECTIONAL
84 85
VIEW
86 87
SECTIONAL
88 89
Socio-economic statistics for Burnley, Lancashire (2010) Ilivehere.co.uk. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://www.ilivehere.co.uk/statistics-burnley-lancashire-6137.html.
Centre for cities: Outlook data tool (n.d.) Centreforcities.org. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://www.centreforcities.org/data-tool/.
bid to boost Burnley (n.d.) Gov.uk. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://www.burnley.gov.uk/news/levelling-funding-bid-boost-burnley.
Building, Dwelling, Thinking (2008). Valencia, Spain: IVAM Centre Julio Gonzalez.
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Koolhaas, R. (2014) Delirious New York. Monacelli Press. Koolhaas, R. and Foster, H. (2013) Junkspace/Running Room. London: Notting Hill Editions.
Search for schools and colleges to compare - GOV.UK - Find and compare schools in England (n.d.) Gov.uk. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/.
(N.d.) Moderngov.co.uk. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021a] https://burnley.moderngov.co.uk/documents/s2126/Town%20Centre%20Master%20Plan%20Brief%20APPENDIX.pdf. (N.d.) Gov.uk. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021b] https://www.redbridge.gov.uk/media/3061/lbr-2752-redbridge-characterisation-study-june. Special Thanks • Chruch on the streets- Pastor Mick Home (n.d.) Cots-ministries.com. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://www.cots-ministries.com/. • Second Vision Clothing- Jamie Instagram Handle- secondvisionclothing SECOND VISION (n.d.) Thesecondvision.com. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://thesecondvision.com/password. • Charter Walk Market Stall- Kelly Home charter walk (2016) Charterwalk.com. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] http://www.charterwalk.com/. • The Burnley Civic trust (Edward Walton and Roger) Burnley Civic Trust Heritage Image Collection (n.d.) Bcthic.org. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://www.bcthic.org/. • Peacock and Smith (Planning consultants) Peacock + Smith professional & dynamic planning consultants (2018) Peacockandsmith.co.uk. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://www.peacockandsmith.co.uk/. • Ollie Thomas • Michelle Martin studio (n.d.) Bespoke Architecture. Livesitestudio.co.uk. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://livesitestudio.co.uk/. • Curtis Martyn Local Architect & Design Consultancy (n.d.) Eohma.com. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://www.eohma.com/.
Minton, A. (2012) Ground Control: Fear and happiness in the twenty-first-century city. Harlow: Penguin Books.
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Lancashire County Council (n.d.) Burnley district. Gov.uk. Lancashire County Council. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://www.lancashire.gov.uk/lancashire-insight/area-profiles/local-authority-pro Levellingfiles/burnley-district/.Upfunding
Home.Co.Uk: Burnley market rent summary (n.d.) Home.co.uk. [Online] [Accessed on 25 November 2021] https://www.home.co.uk/for_rent/burnley/current_rents?location=burnley.
