Hazard Communication & The Global Harmonization System
2018
CFR 1910.1200: The Hazard Communication Standard OS HA Developed this regulation due to the dangers pres ented by hazardous chemicals It requires companies to develop a Hazard Communication P rogram for all employees
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Your Organization’s Hazard Communication Program Must Include a Written Plan S pecifies the policies , procedures and es s ential elements of the Hazard Communication P rogram s uch as : Container labeling, The collection, s torage and availability of S afety Data S heets A lis ting of all hazardous chemicals on-s ite as well as their location.
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The Written Plan S pecifies the policies , procedures and es s ential elements of the Hazard Communication P rogram s uch as : Als o details s pecific guidelines for the training of employees . For example, employees will receive s pecific training bas ed on the hazardous chemicals to which they may be expos ed.
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Specific Chemical Training May Include: Methods us ed for monitoring the pres ence of hazardous chemicals Warning s ignals us ed to indicate a leak or s pill P hys ical and health hazards of chemicals us ed in your work area S afe work practices P ers onal protective equipment us ed to prevent expos ure How to read the important information found on chemical labels and S afety Data S heets Locations on-s ite where S afety Data S heets and the Written P lan may be acces s ed.
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All Employees Have the Right to Know The written plan is an important document which all employees have a right to review upon reques t.
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The Global Harmonization System R ecent changes brought the original OS HA regulation in line with international s tandards , the GHS for s hort. The GHS helps ens ure improved quality and cons is tency in the clas s ification and labeling of all chemicals . This in turn improves an employee’s ability to quickly unders tand critical s afety information. The GHS was created by the international community and adopted by the United Nations . A s ingle s et of harmonized criteria for clas s ifying chemicals and mixtures according to their health, phys ical and environmental hazards . Improves hazard communication by s pecifying communication elements , s uch as s ignal words , pictograms , and precautionary s tatements us ed on Container Labels or S afety Data S heets .
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Three Major Components of the GHS Hazard Clas s ification Container Labels S afety Data S heets
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Hazard Classification The proces s of as s igning a chemical or mixture to a hazard or danger category bas ed on its health and phys ical hazards . Health hazards --determined by the properties of a s ubs tance or mixture that can caus e illnes s or injury to the s kin, eyes , lungs or other organs and body parts P hys ical hazards --properties of a gas , liquid or s olid that could advers ely affect you or the workplace in a phys ical way, s uch as a fire or explos ion Becaus e there are s uch a large variety of hazardous chemicals , there are als o a large variety of phys ical and health hazards pres ented by thes e chemicals . The Global Harmonizing S ys tem has created multiple clas s es of hazards . There are 16 clas s es of phys ical hazards and 10 clas s es of health hazards .
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Classes of Physical Hazards The 16 clas s es of phys ical hazards include explos ives , flammable gas es , aeros ols , oxidizing gas es , gas es under pres s ure, flammable liquids , flammable s olids and s elf-reactive s ubs tances and mixtures . Other phys ical hazard clas s es include pyrophoric liquids , pyrophoric s olids , s elf-heating s ubs tances and mixtures , s ubs tances and mixtures emitting flammable gas es when contacting water, oxidizing liquids , oxidizing s olids , organic peroxides and s ubs tances corros ive to metal. The 10 clas s es of health hazards include acute toxicity, s kin corros ion and irritation, s erious eye damage or eye irritation, res piratory or s kin s ens itization and germ cell mutagenicity. Other health hazard clas s es include carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicology, S pecific Target Organ Toxicity from a S ingle Expos ure, S pecific Target Organ Toxicity from R epeated Expos ures and As piration Hazard.
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Familiarity with Terms You may not be familiar with many of thes e terms and you may never work with or handle chemicals in many of thes e hazard clas s es . However, unders tand that the exis tence of the various GHS hazard clas s es makes it eas ier for you to receive the s pecific training and important information you need to work s afely with the chemicals which are located in your workplace.
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Container Labels Container Labels provide information on the relevant hazard clas s ifications of the chemical. The labels which conform to the Global Harmonizing S ys tem may be quite different from the traditional labels you may be accus tomed to s eeing, s o it is important to become familiar with them and the important information they deliver. As part of the GHS , chemical manufacturers and importers are required to provide a label that includes a pictogram, harmonized s ignal word, hazard s tatement and precautionary s tatements for each hazard clas s and category. The GHS s tandardizes all of this information bas ed on hazard category and clas s to ens ure that all workers , worldwide, receive cons is tent chemical s afety information.
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Pictograms P ictograms are s tandardized graphics , s ometimes called harmonized hazard s ymbols , which are as s igned to a s pecific hazard clas s or category. P ictograms on a GHS label may convey health, phys ical or environmental hazard information. There is not a unique pictogram for each individual hazard within each clas s . One pictogram may be us ed to repres ent s everal hazards within a clas s .
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Physical Hazard Pictograms The exploding bomb pictogram is us ed to s ignify a material as explos ive, uns table explos ive, organic peroxide or a s elf-reactive s ubs tance or mixture. The flame pictogram is us ed for flammable gas es , liquids , s olids , and aeros ols , as well as s elf-reactive s ubs tances . It may als o indicate a material is an organic peroxide, pyrophoric liquid or s olid, a s elf-heating s ubs tance or mixture, or emits flammable gas es when it makes contact with water. The flame over circle or oxidizer pictogram appears on a label when a chemical is an oxidizing gas , liquid, or s olid. The gas cylinder pictogram is exhibited when a s ubs tance is a decompres s ed, liquefied, refrigerated liquefied or dis s olved gas . The corros ion pictogram indicates that a material is corros ive to metal. It is als o us ed to denote the health hazards of s kin corros ion and s erious eye damage.
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Health Hazard Pictograms The s kull and cros s bones is us ed when a chemical is acutely toxic to the s kin, lungs , or diges tive s ys tem. The health hazard pictogram, s ometimes called the chronic health hazard pictogram denotes res piratory s ens itization, germ cell mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity or an as piration hazard. It is als o us ed when a s ubs tance can caus e s pecific target organ toxicity following a s ingle or repeated expos ures . The exclamation point pictogram is us ed for the health hazards of acute toxicity, s kin irritation, eye irritation, s kin s ens itization, and s pecific target organ toxicity following a s ingle expos ure in the form of narcotics effects or a res piratory tract infection.
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Environmental Hazards Pictogram A third type of pictogram is us ed to indicate environmental hazards . This s ingle pictogram is us ed when a s ubs tance pos es acute or chronic hazards to the aquatic environment.
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Transportation Pictograms
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Us ed when chemicals are being trans ported Trans portation pictograms s till feature the harmonized hazard s ymbols . However, the background, border and colors us ed on the trans port pictogram come from the United Nations R ecommendations on the Trans port of Dangerous Goods .
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Signal Words on GHS Container Labels
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The words “Danger” or “Warning” are us ed to emphas ize hazards and indicate the relative level of s everity of the hazard. “Danger” repres ents a more s evere hazard than the s ignal word “Warning.” Only one s ignal word, corres ponding to the clas s of the mos t s evere hazard, s hould be us ed on a Chemical Label.
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Hazard Statements and Precautionary Statements Hazard S tatements are s tandard phras es as s igned to a hazard clas s and category that concis ely des cribe the nature of the hazard. For products which pos e more than one ris k, an appropriate hazard s tatement for each GHS hazard will be included on the chemical label.
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Precautionary Statements P recautionary S tatements are s tandardized explanations of the meas ures to be taken to minimize or prevent advers e effects . There are five types of precautionary s tatements for each hazard clas s : General, P revention, R es pons e, S torage and Dis pos al.
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General Precautionary Statements Two examples of general precautionary s tatements include: “Keep out of reach of children” “R ead label before us e”
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Prevention Precautionary Statements Two examples of “P revention” precautionary s tatements include: “Do not allow contact with water” “Wear P rotective Gloves ”
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Response Precautionary Statements Two examples of “R es pons e” precautionary s tatements include: “If on s kin was h with plenty of water” “If inhaled remove pers on to fres h air”
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Storage Precautionary Statements Two examples of “S torage” precautionary s tatements include: “S tore in a well ventilated place” “P rotect from s unlight”
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Disposal Precautionary Statements “Dis pos al” precautionary s tatements typically s tate to: “Dis pos e in accordance to local regulations …” Dis pos al precautions are an area the United Nations plans to further develop in the future.
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Product Identifiers The label will als o include the product identifier. This is the name or number us ed for a hazardous s ubs tance The label s hould include the chemical identity of the s ubs tance. The product identifier s hould match the s ame identifier of the S afety Data S heets for the product.
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Supplier Identification Als o included on the label will be the s upplier identification The name, addres s and telephone number of the s upplier s hould be provided on the label
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To Review So Far: The pictograms , s ignal words , hazard s tatements and precautionary s tatements are s tandardized bas ed on a chemical or mixture’s hazard category and clas s as defined by the GHS . If needed, a reference guide to the GHS , which includes a detailed explanation of this information has been publis hed by the United Nations . It is titled, “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized S ys tem of Clas s ification and Labeling of Chemicals ;” however, it is commonly called “The P urple Book.” While it is not neces s ary for chemical workers to have complete unders tanding of the entire Global Harmonizing S ys tem, they mus t unders tand the elements of the s ys tem us ed to communicate the hazards pres ented by the chemicals in their workplaces .
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Safety Data Sheets You may be familiar with Material S afety Data S heets or at leas t have heard of them. R equired by OS HA’s original Hazard Communications S tandard, they have been the comprehens ive s ource of s afety information about s pecific chemicals . Unfortunately, thes e valuable documents came in a wide variety of s tyles and formats , making them hard to read and unders tand quickly. As part of the Globally Harmonized S ys tem, they are now called “S afety Data S heets ” and have a uniform format that allows employees to obtain concis e, relevant and accurate information more eas ily. They all contain the s ame 16 s ections in s pecific order, no matter which chemical.
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Section 1: Product and Company Identification This s ection provides the product name and us e, the manufacturer and a number to call in cas e of an emergency.
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Section 2: Hazards Identification Health, environmental and phys ical hazards are lis ted in this s ection. Als o s hown are the GHS s tandard and trans port pictograms as well as the hazard and precautionary s tatements found on the Container Label.
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Section 3: Composition/Information on Ingredients
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This s ection gives the components of the s ubs tance and their concentration as well as their Chemical Abs tract S ervice numbers , European Commis s ion numbers and European Chemical Agency numbers .
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Section 4: First Aid Measures Treating chemical expos ures s uch as contact with the eyes and s kin, inhalation and inges tion are covered in this s ection.
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Section 5: Firefighting Measures This s ection lis ts : The appropriate and inappropriate fire extinguis her agents to be us ed in the event of a fire and The expos ure hazards , the combus tion products and the pers onal protection to be worn by firefighters .
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Section 6: Accidental Release Measures P ers onal precautions , environmental precautions and methods for clean up in the event of a s pill are explained in this s ection.
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Section 7: Handling and Storage This s ection provides the procedures for s afe handling and s torage of the chemical.
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Section 8: Precautions to Control Exposure/ Personal Protection Expos ure limits and the controls and monitoring required to prevent expos ure above thes e limits are lis ted in this s ection. Als o, the neces s ary pers onal protection needed to prevent expos ure is als o included.
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Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties This s ection contains the various properties of the s ubs tance, s uch as appearance, odor, flas h point, s pecific gravity, flammability limits and vapor dens ity.
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Section 10: Stability and Reactivity S uch is s ues as s tability, hazardous decompos ition products , conditions to avoid and incompatible materials are dis cus s ed in this s ection.
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Section 11: Toxicological Information This s ection explains the routes of entry to the human body as well as the s ymptoms and effects of expos ure to the chemical.
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Section 12: Ecological Information P rovided in this s ection is information on the product's effect on plants or animals and its ultimate environmental dis pos ition.
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Section 13: Waste Disposal Considerations This s ection dis cus s es how to s afely dis pos e of the chemical.
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Section 14: Transport Information The proper s hipping name, hazard clas s , UN Identification Number, Trans port Label required and other information required for trans porting the product are lis ted in this s ection.
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Section 15: Regulatory Information This s ection documents the chemical’s clas s ification under federal regulations s uch as the Toxic S ubs tances Control Act, the Clean Water Act and the S uperfund Amendments and R eauthorization Act, among others . It may als o include applicable s tate and international regulations as well as European Union clas s ification and EU ris k and s afety phras es .
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Section 16: Other Information The final s ection allows chemical manufacturers to provide information not found in the firs t 15 s ections . This may include s uch things as the manufacturer’s email addres s , the intended us e of product, what agency is s ued the data s heet, date of is s ue, or a full explanation of ris k and s afety phras es , jus t to name a few.
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Reviewing Safety Data Sheets Your facility maintains a S afety Data S heet for every chemical in the workplace as part of its Hazard Communication P rogram. You s hould review the S DS before working with any chemical or any time you have concerns about s afety is s ues . Always as k your s upervis or if you have any ques tions about a Chemical Label or S afety Data S heet.
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Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) And of cours e, always wear the proper protective equipment s pecified by the container label or S afety Data S heet. This often includes wearing gloves , protective clothing and goggles with a face s hield. R es piratory protection may als o be required to avoid breathing in hazardous fumes . If you are uns ure about the required P P E for any chemical, s top and as k your s upervis or.
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As a Review
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In this program, we have dis cus s ed the company’s written Hazard Communication program as well as the hazard categories and clas s es of the Global Harmonizing S ys tem. We have als o dis cus s ed the communication elements of the Global Harmonizing S ys tem s uch as pictograms , s ignal words , hazard s tatements and precautionary s tatements found on chemical labels . We examined the 16 s ections of the GHS s afety data s heets and learned the valuable information each s ection contains .
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One Final, Important Point
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None of the information we have pres ented today will keep you s afe unles s you make a commitment to unders tanding and following s afe work practices when us ing, handling or s toring hazardous chemicals . And your organization’s Hazard Communication P rogram is des igned to provide you with the information needed to do jus t that.
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THANK YOU