Shine like a Diamond by raimanrocks

Shine Like a Diamond Gall & Galit Raiman

All rights reserved to Raiman Rocks Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, copied, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, without a written permission from the authors.

Introduction

p. 08

Gall's Story

p. 12

The History of Diamonds

p. 18

p. 22

p. 32

p. 36

p. 40

Table of Contents

How Do We Do It?

p. 78

p. 82

p. 86

The World Diamond Council

p. 52

Love and Diamonds

p. 74

Rapaport

Natural Fancy Color Diamonds

Synthetic Diamonds

Diamond Cutting and Processing

p. 70

Diamond Grading Labs

The Four C's

10 Diamonds as an Investment

The World’s Largest Diamonds

p. 62

Auction prices

How Diamonds are Created & Mined

p. 90

The Spirit of Diamonds

p. 58

16 Remarkable Facts about Diamonds

p. 96

A Diamond Legend A legend claims the God of Mines called his courtiers to bring together all the world’s known gems: Rubies, Sapphires, Emeralds etc., and he found them to be of all tints and colors and varying hardness. He took one of each and crushed them; he compounded them together, and declared, “Let this be something that will combine the beauty of all.” He spoke, and lo, the Diamond was born… pure as a dewdrop and invincible in hardness. Yet when its ray is resolved in the spectrum, it displays all the colors of the gems from which it was made.

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

Gallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Story In 1984 I was 22 and just finished serving in the Israeli Army. I was ambitious, looking forward to my civilian life. My friend, Doron Izakov was managing his uncle's wholesale diamond office in Honolulu and was very happy to hear from me. I found myself on the 22nd floor of the Century Square in downtown Honolulu being romanced by diamonds. We shook hands and agreed that I would start on Monday. I was eager to get started.

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My training, began from the basics. I started with the

Los Angeles I visited the GIA lab and school in Santa

4 Cs, I took an evening class run by a local gemologist

Monica. I enrolled in the correspondent program and

and found myself going down the rabbit hole into a

read my GIA books in the evenings after work and over

magical world of Gems and Gemology. The hardest

the weekends.

grading to learn was the color; to differentiate between D and E , F and G and so on. I discovered that true grit and practice is the key to mastering anything I wanted,

Within 12 months I had passed the test and with pride accepted my GIA diploma.

even degrees of difference in white.

After 3 years of selling diamonds in Hawaii I decided I

With a black leather pouch and diamonds organized in

was ready for the Mainland. In May 1987 I established

white diamond paper I drove around Honolulu with a list of Jewelers and a map, working up the courage to

my first diamond office, on the 8th floor of a historical building, in the heart of the jewelry district, in

enter the first store.

downtown Los Angeles.

As my eyes became more educated and my authority

Diamonds are my passion to this day. I feel privileged

of the jewels I was selling grew stronger, I began to see the variations in clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aesthetics and desires. There

and proud to have my calling and that it allows me to share what I love and live a life with authentic purpose.

are as many nuances in stones as there are personalities and a match must be made well. I attribute my perceptions to being an immigrant, somewhat on the outside, and therefore able to better observe details, as I looked in. I remember my first large diamond sale to a local

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

jeweler by the name of George Durham in Waikiki. It was a well cut, 5 carat, pear-shape diamond that he then sold to a good customer of his. I was excited

â&#x20AC;?

Diamonds are my passion - I love what I do and I am privileged to share it with others

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and proud and came to realize that I had a passion for marketing and selling these exquisite stones and satisfaction of matching the stone to its right new owner. I grew to love the business more and more every day and decided it was time to take my GIA diamond class and make it an official profession. On my next trip to

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r O n e ANCIENT TIMES

T H E F I R S T C E N T U RY - 327 B . C .

It is believed that the first diamonds were found in the

It was Alexander the Great of Macedonia who first

alluvial deposits of the Golconda River in India. A 3rd century BC Sanskrit manuscript reveals that diamonds were a trading commodity in India at that time. Hindus

The History of Diamonds

in ancient India believed diamonds were sacred, and they were used only for decorating statues and shrines. Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, referred to diamonds as living beings embodying celestial spirits. The Greeks believed that diamonds were the tears of gods that had fallen to Earth. They were possessed only by rulers and noblemen. The ancient Egyptians believed that by wearing

The first time a diamond was recorded in the history of

Zevulun and Israel Valleys, along the Kishon River, and

humans appears in the Bible, in Exodus:28, when God

upon the plateaus of Ramot Menashe. The documentary

gives the Israelites instructions on how to create the breast piece for the great priest Aharon. According to the Hebrew Bible, the Diamond was related to the Tribe of Zebulun, which was one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Although I left Israel more than thirty years ago, I still visit there once or twice a year to spend time with family and friends. Last time I visited, my parents showed me a documentary they had recorded for me about diamonds. It tells the story of Shefa Yamim, a company that was exploring the possibilities of mining

featured an interview with Mrs. Vered Toledo, the project manager, who is an enthusiastic woman and a true believer of the project’s viability and success.

331 B.C, he crossed the Tigris River in battle, and it is said that here he came upon the famed Diamond Valley. This story was recorded early in the ninth century and

“

was mentioned in a book called Stones of Aristotle:

The diamond is produced in a valley in India, which also contains snakes, which no man can

look at without dying as long as they are alive.

Alexander the Great, wanting to see the source

of love” (vena amoris) would lead from the finger straight

of diamonds for himself, had a mirror placed

to the heart.

in the valley. The snakes were then forced to see their own reflections and died. Still, none of Alexander’s men would make the treacherous journey into the valley itself, so Alexander’s

I enjoyed the documentary and the possibility of finding diamonds in the Holy Land. The next morning, my wife, Galit, and I went to visit several diamond dealers and manufactures in the Ramat Gan diamond exchange. Galit spotted a woman who seemed familiar. As she

diamonds in Israel. In particular, they chose to mine

approached her, she recognized her as the woman from

the area mentioned in the Bible as the territory of the

the documentary, Mrs. Vered Toledo. Vered was very

Zebulun tribe.

happy to meet us, and invited us to visit the project’s

The company’s explorations have produced good

digging site. We promised to come and visit the next

results across the Carmel Mountain Range, between the

time we are in Israel.

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diamonds on the fourth finger of the left hand, the “vein

brought diamonds to Europe from India. In September

advisors told him to throw pieces of meat down into the valley, where diamonds would stick to them. Then, when vultures picked up the meat,

”

all his soldiers would have to do is retrieve the diamonds from the carcasses.

As fantastical as this legend sounds, it actually refers to a little-known characteristic of the diamond: its ability to stick to fat or grease.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r O n e

T H E 13 T H A N D 1 4 T H C E N T U R I E S

T H E G E O R G I A N P E R I O D : 1714-1830 By the end of the 18th century the Indian mines were all but exhausted, and new mines began to open in Brazil.

In 1375 the Point Cut was developed, which follows the natural shape of a diamond and reduces diamond waste

T H E 19 T H C E N T U RY

in the cutting process. Before this development, poorly

In the 1870s incredibly rich diamond deposits were discovered in South Africa, transforming a diamond

formed diamonds were discarded because no one knew

from a rare gem - possessed almost exclusively by

how to cut and shape them.

royalty - into something that was available to anyone of

T H E F I R S T D I A M O N D C A RT E L The De Beers brothers, from Kimberley, South Africa, gave permission in 1871 for Dutch diamond hunters to prospect on their small farm. The land was packed with diamonds. The news spread like wildfire and soon the farm was inundated with fortune hunters. The De Beers brothers sold their farm and moved away.

reasonable wealth. The diamond industry grew very quickly after this,

M I D - V I C T O R I A N P E R I O D : 1860-18 85

and diamonds became popular as ornaments in

In 1871, diamond mines â&#x20AC;&#x201C; primarily in South Africa produced over 1 million carats in a single year for the first

jewelry in the 1400s.

In 1888 De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited was established, the forerunner of the firm that still plays a very important role in the diamond world today. The De

time, and from then on, diamonds were produced at a

Beers company is made up of several mutually linked

remarkable rate.

companies, encompassing the entire industry.

1477 was an important year for the industry; it was in this year that Archduke Maximilian of Austria presented Mary of Burgundy with a diamond engagement ring, marking the beginning of a tradition that still exists today. Since then the tradition of diamond engagement rings has

T H E 16 T H , 1 7 T H , A N D 1 8 T H C E N T U R I E S

spread all over the world. Diamonds were, and still are, a

Jean-Baptiste Tavernier was a gem merchant who

symbol of an eternal bond.

traveled between Persia and India between the years 1630 and 1668. He is known for selling the 116 carat Tavernier Blue diamond to Louis XIV of France in 1668 for

In 1498, a diamond trade route was developed between Goa and Antwerp via Lisbon. Antwerp enjoyed a reputation as the most important diamond trade center, and the new route meant diamonds became more easily accessible and popular in Europe.

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the equivalent of 172,000 ounces of pure gold. Five years later the stone was recut into the 68carat French Blue. It was stolen in 1792, once again recut, and re-surfaced thirty years later in London as The Hope Diamond.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d 1902 The Cullinan Diamond, the world’s largest rough gemstone, was discovered in a mine in South Africa. Check out the chapter ‘World’s Most Famous Diamonds’ in this book, to learn more about the Cullinan and other famous and special diamonds.

C h a pte r O n e 1 9 80 - 1 990 S The 1980s saw women gaining equality in the workplace, while Princess Diana’s wedding brought about the emergence of a fashion of grace and refinement. 1996 was an important year for the industry; “Hearts On

A RT N O U V E A U P E R I O D : 1 8 90-1 91 5

Fire” -- the world’s most perfectly cut diamond -- was

The Art Nouveau period saw jewelers begin to

founded by Glenn and Susan Rothman.

incorporate flowing feminine and fantasy figures into their designs. Stylized flowers, vines, leaves, scrolls, birds, serpents, and insects were all characteristics of this time period. A RT D E C O P E R I O D : 1 920-1 93 5 When cubism became popular in the art world, it brought with it the strong geometrical patterns and angular shapes associated with Art Deco jewelry today. Fine diamonds and platinum were used and no expense was spared. R E T R O P E R I O D : 1 93 5-1 949 During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Europe went from the Great Depression directly into WWII. Platinum, gold and silver were needed to fund the war. Jewelry at this time featured gold in many colors. 195 0s – 1970 s Mid-century modernism was the influence at this time, and textured gold, sprays of diamonds, platinum, silver and gemstones dominated designs. In the 70s, women

MILLENNIAL The new millennium ushered in new trends and new designers. Colored diamonds became exceptionally popular and their value soared. Unconventional materials including rubber, plastic and stainless steel started appearing as settings for diamonds and pearls. MODERN TIMES Today, diamonds are mined in about twenty-five countries around the world. New cutting techniques have been adopted as jewelers experiment with ways to enhance a diamond’s visual appeal. Sadly, the world’s diamond deposits are slowly depleting. Less than 20% of diamonds mined these days are of gem quality, and less than 2% can be considered “investment diamonds.” Out of every 250 tons of ore mined, only a single carat of gem-quality stone is typically found.

began buying jewelry for themselves, demanding high

The vast majority of mined diamonds are now used for

quality and unique designs with affordable price tags.

industrial applications.

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THE FUTURE Are diamonds really forever? Will they always represent love, marriage and an eternal bond? Historically, demand for diamonds has increased in line with GDP growth, and while no one can say for certain, from our perspective, we expect this trend to continue long into the future.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r Two T H E C H E M I S T RY O F D I A M O N D S

they tend to be less valuable than other diamonds.

Diamond is the hardest material in the world and it

The majority of diamonds are brought to the Earth’s

is made from carbon - the most common building

surface by volcanoes and dispersed by the movement

block in the world. Crystallization of carbon atoms

of water or glaciers. Every natural diamond is extremely

is a process which occurs only in conditions of

old, formed long before the age of the dinosaurs.

extreme temperature and pressure, found at depths of more than 100 – 200 kilometers under the earth’s surface. It takes a diamond between 900 million and 4 billion years to form, which is 25% to 75% of the age of the Earth.

How Diamonds Are Created and Mined

A natural diamond is an octahedron. This is what rough Diamond crystals look like before being faceted. HOW DIAMONDS ARE FORMED AND HOW T H E Y R E AC H T H E E A RT H ’ S S U R FAC E When carbon is exposed to extremely high pressure degrees Celsius), it crystalizes and forms diamond. These conditions only exist in regions of the lithospheric mantle, called cratons, and sometimes at the sites of meteor strikes. The impact of a meteorite can produce

In the early 1990s I was fortunate enough to visit the

from the rest. Rocks that were identified as diamonds

Premier diamond mine in South Africa. It was very

continued their journey into further processing at the

exciting to see first-hand all that I had learned at GIA in regards to diamond mining in real life. As an active mine, the Premier had all the equipment I had learned about. I saw the ore being brought from the mine and collected at the processing plant. From there I saw the conveyer belt climbing up with many different rocks on top of it. As the rocks traveled along the conveyer belt, grease was separating the diamonds

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sorting room to be separated into industrial quality, and

times deeper than other volcanoes. When a volcano erupts and magma passes through diamond deposits within the mantle, diamonds can get caught up in the hot soup of molten rocks, which ascends towards the earth’s surface, often at rapid speeds. If the magma is moving too slowly, and the diamond is exposed to the magma for an extended period of time, its crystalline

(around 50 kilo bars) and high temperatures (900-1300

THE PREMIER MINE – SOUTH AFRICA

Diamond-generating volcanoes originate at least 3

the high temperature and pressure needed for tiny diamonds, known as microdiamonds or nanodiamonds, to form. Some have

structure can change to form graphite instead. A L LU V I A L D E P O S I T When a primary diamond deposit is exposed to surface weathering and erosion over millions of years, the diamonds are transported by rivers and deposited in a new environment such as an ocean floor or riverbed. This is called an alluvial deposit. Diamonds from alluvial mining are usually of the highest quality.

gem quality diamonds.

been known to form

THE MINING PROCESSES

in space and then be

I was impressed by the cleanliness and organization of

deposited on Earth by

Before any mining can take place, prospectors need to

the plant; it was very tidy and professional. In the mine

meteorites. Examples

exhibition room, I read about all the large and famous

of these have been

When the pipes have been located and a profitable

diamonds that were discovered in the Premier/Cullinan

found in Africa and

diamond deposit confirmed, huge amounts of soil are

mine. Some of them are considered to be among the

South America. Due

extracted. A few hundred tons of ore might need to

largest diamonds on Earth.

to their small size

be sieved just to produce a single carat of gem-quality

find the diamond sources first.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r Two CUTTING

rough diamond. The diamond roughs are then sorted into categories, sold, cut and polished before being

During the cutting phase, a rough diamond is

commercialized.

transformed into a faceted gem using specialized tools, and equipment. When deciding how best to cut

ΫΫ OPEN-PIT MINING

a diamond, many factors must be taken into account. Weight retention is one of the most important as the

Loosening and hauling the contents from an open

value increases exponentially as a diamond’s weight

pit is the most commonly used method for the

increases.

extraction of diamond-rich material. B LO C K I N G ΫΫ UNDERGROUND MINING When open pit mining becomes too expensive, an intricate underground tunneling system is created in the rock and into the kimberlite deposit under an open mine.

PLANNING PROCESSING Diamondiferous material is hauled to the modular processing plant in massive loaders and dump trucks. CRUSHING AND MILLING

Ϋ Ϋ A L LU V I A L D I A M O N D M I N I N G Rivers and streams can transport rough diamonds as far out as the ocean. Alluvial mining is a process by

The first step is to separate the diamonds from all other material. A large crushing machine carefully smashes the ore, releasing the crystals.

which the water is diverted away from the mining

WAS H I N G , S C R E E N I N G A N D S E PA R AT I N G

site. Once the water is emptied out and prevented

Next, the material is washed to allow further separation

from flowing into the area of interest, bulldozers can then be used to investigate and exploit the area. Another form of alluvial mining, called artisanal mining, involves the screening and straining of mud. This extraction process involves a lot of manual labor and low-tech equipment, so it generally takes a lot longer.

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of finer diamonds from the mined ore. T H E G R E AS E B E LT

The rough diamond is scanned and analyzed to help manufacturers decide how best to cut the stone. A

Eight pavilion mains, eight crowns, one culet and one table facet are created on a cut stone. These act as a template for the brillianteer.

3D computer image is created of the rough diamond, allowing manufacturers to maximize their investment and sell it for the best price. C L E AV I N G / SAW I N G The process of separating a piece of diamond rough into pieces to be finished as separate gems is called

BRILLIANTEERING The remaining facets are added, bringing the total number to 57. The brillianteer is the diamond cutter who adds the fire and brilliance to each gem in these final stages. The process of blocking and brillianteering is known as polishing.

cleaving. Usually a diamond saw or a laser is used to cut through the rough. BRUTING

INSPECTION The final part of the process; a cut and

Diamonds, unlike other materials, are non-wettable,

After a diamond has been split, a process called bruting

polished diamond is

giving them the ability to stick to grease. The three-

makes the rough pieces of stone round. This process

cleaned in acid and

foot wide grease belt transports thin layers of soaked

is also called girdling. Two diamonds are places on an

examined to ensure it

diamondiferous material, revealing the raw crystals as

axle, spinning in opposite directions, and grinding

meets the standards of

they move.

against each other to create a rough finish.

the manufacturer.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r T h r e e

Francois submitted the diamonds to be certified by the GIA, certain that they would receive a ‘G’ color grading. As it turned out, the GIA graded the two smaller diamonds as ‘G’, but to Francois’ disappointment the huge, 230.17ct. diamond was only given an ‘H’ color grade. As the owner of one of the largest diamonds in the world, the prominent hotelier wanted to set his diamond in a remarkable setting. He approached Cartier and asked them to create an exceptional necklace to accommodate this outstanding diamond. Cartier, who

The World’s Largest Diamonds

only ever use their own diamonds in their designs, needed time to consider the request. Eventually they agreed, and a magnificent necklace was What Francois told me was that in 2002, when the diamond was discovered, he and a friend of his another diamond cutter - had heard about it and went to view the diamond. Upon viewing they knew it was special and that they had to buy it; however, the rough was very expensive due to its size and they didn’t have

In 2010, I was approached by Diane Breitman, whose

I was thrilled at the opportunity to represent one of

nickname is the “Queen of Diamonds”, asking me to

the largest diamonds in the world. I started my research

collaborate in the sale of an important diamond; an amazing 230.17ct. ‘H’ color, VS1 diamond. At that time, it belonged to a prominent hotelier from Las Vegas, and he had asked Diane to help him sell it. Diane lives in close proximity to my office in Calabasas, and she had heard that I specialize in the marketing, buying and selling of large diamonds, so she called me up.

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and found out that the rough diamond was discovered in 2002 in the Amazon River alluvial deposits in Brazil

the funds. They searched for someone who would be interested in financing the deal and eventually found an Arabic businessman who put down the money and purchased the diamond.

created, sporting the diamond as the pendent. When the necklace was completed, the hotelier wanted to share the beauty of this incredible jewel with the world, and the necklace was exhibited in the his Las Vegas hotel lobby, with a private armed guard. People from all over the world came to view this beautiful oversized diamond and were never disappointed. When he decided it was time to sell the diamond necklace, he asked Diane to do that for him and she asked me to help her.

and weighed 580ct. I also learned that the diamond

The diamond was brought to Antwerp, Belgium where

cutter who cut and polished the diamond was a skilled

Francois spent 2 years cutting and polishing it. At the

and talented cutter from Belgium by the name of

end of those 2 years the outcome was one magnificent,

Francois De Fosse. I contacted Francois and told him I

huge pear-shaped diamond weighing 230.17ct, and

was involved in the sale of the diamond and asked him

two additional diamonds, one weighing 6.0ct and the

I can only share that it took some time, but eventually

to tell me everything he knew about it.

other 2.0ct.

the diamond was sold.

I was very excited to be a part of the project to sell such an important and expensive diamond and set about my marketing strategy.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r T h r e e

A few years passed, and then one day I got a call from someone who offered me the opportunity to buy a pearshaped, 228.31ct, ‘G’ color, VS1 diamond. As a diamond dealer that knows the market for large and one-of-a-kind diamonds, and knowing that there are not a lot of diamonds this size in the world, I couldn’t help but think this sounded too similar to the prominent hotelier’s diamond. I did a little research and discovered that the hotelier’s diamond had ended up with a group of diamond investors in NY and was re-cut to a 228.31ct. It had been re-sent to the GIA which gave it the valuable ‘G’ color grading Francois de Fosse had been hoping for. The new diamond may have lost a few carat points but was finally upgraded in color. As far as I know, the diamond was taken off the market and currently is not offered for sale. But you never know when it will re-surface and where. Every diamond has the right buyer, and when the right time comes along, the diamond and the buyer always find each other. There are a number of articles available, ranking the world’s largest diamonds. On the following pages, you will find our list of the top 11 largest diamonds ever discovered.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

THE GOLDEN JUBILEE 545.67 CARATS

C h a pte r T h r e e

THE CULLINAN I 530.20 CARATS

The diamond was presented to the king on his birthday. Cutting it was difficult and risky at that time, without modern technology, but eventually it was divided into nine major stones and ninety-six smaller ones. CULLINAN II AKA the Second Star of Africa, weighs 317.4 carats and is set in the Imperial State Crown.

CULLINAN VII Cullinan VII weighs 11.5 carats and is also marquise-cut. Edward VII gave it to Queen Alexandra originally. After his death, she gave the diamond to Queen Mary. CULLINAN VIII Cullinan VIII Is cushion-cut and weighs 6.8 carats. It is set in the center of a brooch inherited by Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.

CULLINAN III Known as one of the Lesser Stars of Africa, Cullinan III was set in the crown of Queen Mary’s coronation in 1911. First known as the “Unnamed Brown,” the Golden Jubilee

The Cullinan I, nicknamed The Star of Africa, is the largest

was discovered at the Premier Mine in South Africa in

of nine large stones cut from the original 3106 carat

1985. Gabi Tolkowsky cut the 755.5 carat rough diamond

Cullinan Diamond. The most recent estimation of the

in a specially designed underground room free from vibrations. It took two years to transform the fire rose cushion cut diamond, and was unknown to the outside world until 1990. In 1995 the Golden Jubilee received a Papal blessing from Pope John Paul II, after being purchased from De Beers by a group led by Henry Ho. The diamond was then presented to Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej in honor of the 50th anniversary of his coronation. It is now located in the Royal Thai Palace as part of the Crown Jewels. The

obtained from the original Cullinan. The pear-cut gem weighs 4.4 carats and is set in a beautiful platinum ring.

A square-cushion-cut, weighing 63.6 carats, it was also set in the

stone’s value was over $400 million, but if re-evaluated today it would probably be much higher.

Crown of Queen Mary originally,

Thomas Evan Powell, a miner at the Premier No. 2 mine in

1914 and are now worn together as

South Africa, discovered the diamond on 26 January 1905.

a brooch.

however, both were removed in

The discovery became a global sensation. While making plans for the Cullinan’s transportation, authorities faced a huge security problem due to the immense value of the stone. A ceremony was held where a parcel was placed in a guarded safe on a steamboat to London. However, this elaborate plan was

CULLINAN V An 18.8-carat (3.76 g) heart-shaped diamond in the center of a platinum brooch - pavé-set with a border of smaller diamonds - made for Queen Mary in 1911. CULLINAN VI

was $4-$12 million, however, if it was to be re-evaluated

was mailed to England by parcel post in a plain box –

Cullinan VI is a marquise-cut diamond weighing 8.8

today it would be worth significantly more.

registered, of course.

carats. It hangs from the brooch containing Cullinan VIII.

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Cullinan IX is the last of the large diamonds that were

CULLINAN IV

just a diversion; the stone was a fake. The real diamond

last recorded estimate of value for the Golden Jubilee

CULLINAN IX

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r T h r e e

THE INCOMPARABLE 407.48 CARATS

THE SPIRIT OF DE GRISOGONO 312.24 CARATS

Famous black diamonds are rare, and the Spirit of de When it was first discovered in the 1980s, by a young

Grisogono, at 312.24 carats is by far the world’s largest black diamond. Discovered in western Central African

girl playing in her home town of Mbuji Mayi in the

Republic, the stunning gem is now set in a white gold

Democratic Republic of Congo, the rough stone weighed

ring surrounded by 702 white diamonds.

890 carats.

revealed in 1988, which concentrate on maximizing brilliance, color or yield - or a combination of all three from off-color rough diamonds. When he first saw the Centenary, Tolkowsky was astounded by its exceptional purity. "Usually you have to look into a diamond to appreciate its color, but this just expressed itself from its surface. That is very rare,"

The Spirit of de Grisogono – named after the Swiss

Tolkowsky said. "From the moment, I knew I was going to

jeweler - originally had a rough weight of 587 carats

cut it," he said, "I became another man.”

Four years of work went into studying and cutting

and was cut using the Mogul diamond cutting

the stone, the largest part of which produced The

technique. More than a year was spent studying and

When cutting was completed the Centenary weighed

cutting the diamond.

273.85 carats, and had 247 facets. A record number of

facets ever to be polished onto a diamond. In addition,

Incomparable. At 407.48 carats, it is the third largest diamond ever cut. The Incomparable Diamond

Purchased by a De Beers buyer, and then by the Sale Corporation, the huge stone was unveiled in November

X-ray recovery system at the Premier Mine. More than

Natural History wing of the Smithsonian Institute in Washington DC.

individual gems to be cut from the enormous 3,106

THE CULLINAN II 317.4 CARATS The Cullinan II is the second largest of the

carat Cullinan diamond. All nine of the large Cullinan Fourteen satellite gems were sawn from the rough

stones remain either part of the British Crown Jewels, or

stone, before work began on the largest piece. The

personal possessions of the Royal Family.

largest of the fragments was a kite-shaped diamond weighing 15.66 carats.

a quarter of the world’s diamonds weighing over 400 carats have come from this mine.

The crown boasts an amazing 2868 diamonds, but there is no doubt the 317.4 carat Cullinan II is the main attraction, proudly mounted at the front of

George E. Harlow, various magazine publications, and GIA.

the crown band.

two flawless pear shapes weighing 1.47 and 1.14 carats were cut from the rough. Gabi Tolkowsky has since cut another large gem of note, the Pink Sun Rise, a 29-carat pink diamond with a facet pattern similar to the Centenary's. He also cut the largest faceted diamond in the world - the Golden Jubilee. Sources: Famous Diamonds by Ian Balfour,

In its rough form it weighed 599 carats. The true

The Nature of Diamonds by George E. Harlow, and the

value of the Centenary diamond is unknown, but the

De Beers website.

jewel was insured for around $100 million in 1991. The current owner, location and value of the Centenary diamond is unknown. When the Centenary was found in 1986 only a handful of

Sources: Famous Diamonds by Ian Balfour, The Nature of Diamonds by

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Another De Beers diamond, the Centenary was found on July 17 1986 while being processed by the electric

1984 and shortly afterwards was put on display at the

THE CENTENARY 273.85 CARATS

people knew about it and all were sworn to silence. The man chosen to evaluate and cut the Centenary was Gabi Tolkowsky, one of the most famous and accomplished diamond cutters in the world. Gabi Tolkowsky was the creator of five new diamond cuts,

“

From the moment I knew I was going to cut it," he said, "I became another man.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

THE JUBILEE 245.35 CARATS

Found at the Jagersfontein Mine in South Africa in 1895, the Jubilee is a colorless cushion-shaped diamond with a weight of 245.35 carats, cut from an original rough weighing 650.80 carats. It became clear during the cutting process that this was a diamond of exceptional quality and size. It was named the Jubilee to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee (60th anniversary of the coronation) of Queen Victoria. It also marked the introduction of the Jubilee cut, which has a total of 88 facets. This cut was short-lived and is not often encountered today. Mr. Robert Mouawad has since bought the Jubilee which is now the largest gem in his great collection. It has been graded as E-color, one grade away from completely colorless, and VVS2 clarity. He is quoted as saying: "If we refer to the human contribution brought to a diamond, my favorite would be the Jubilee for its outstanding cut for the period." Source: Famous Diamonds by Ian Balfour, and the Mouawad website, which is where I found the stone's color and clarity grade.

THE DE BEERS 234.65 CARATS

In March 1888, a huge 428.50 carat light-yellow octahedral crystal was found in the De Beers Mine. It was cut and polished into a 234.65 carat diamond, and displayed in Paris where the Maharaja of Patiala purchased it.

C h a pte r T h r e e

including the De Beers, and weighed about 962.25 carats. The piece also contained seven other large diamonds, and a number of Burmese rubies. After the end of the Raj, the spectacular piece of jewelry disappeared. Then in 1998, the remnants of it were discovered in a second-hand shop in London. All of the big stones were missing: the seven stones ranging from 18 to 73 carats, and the 234.69-carat De Beers Diamond pendant. Cartier acquired the remains of the necklace and spent four years attempting to restore it. On May 6th, 1982, the De Beers came up for auction at Sotheby's in Geneva and received a top bid of $3.16 million. Sources: Diamonds - Famous, Notable and Unique by GIA, Famous Diamonds by Ian Balfour, the Cartier website, and numerous articles on the internet.

THE WYNN DIAMOND 230.17 CARAT

It is said that in 2002 a spectacular 581ct. rough diamond was found in the alluvial deposits of the Amazon River in Brazil. Somehow it found its way into Africa and then Antwerp, Belgium, where it was cut into a magnificent 230.17ct ‘H’ color, VS1, pear-shaped diamond. In 2007 Steve Wynn, of the American ‘Wynn’ hotels and casinos, bought the diamond and had it set by Cartier in

The Patiala Necklace was a necklace created by the

a magnificent necklace. The necklace alone is estimated

House of Cartier in 1928. It contained 2,930 diamonds,

to have cost about $1.1 million.

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Gall Raiman is holding the Wynn Diamond

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

The Four C's Cut, Clarity, Color and Carat: The Magic is in the Make In 2005 a jeweler from Carlsbad approached me about

Every diamond is unique; no two diamonds are exactly

a customer who wanted to buy a large fine quality

alike. Just like a person’s fingerprint, each diamond has

marquise-shaped diamond for his wife.

its own characteristics and identity.

The decision was made with a choice of two diamonds.

He presented the two diamonds to his client and

Raiman Rocks presented the jeweler with a top quality

and clarity over the other, while both were very close

8-ct marquise shaped, ‘E’ color, VS1 clarity stone and its GIA report.

stressed the fact that one diamond had superior color in their price. To his surprise, his client studied the two diamonds and chose my diamond without reservation.

clarity, but if the cut is not excellent, a client will choose

Exposure to different minerals and gasses within the

a different stone. Obviously, the client’s choice was cut

earth can affect the color and purity of diamonds while they are being created. In the 1940s, the GIA

He made his choice because, “It has a better shine and

over color and clarity. He recognized the superiority

it sparkles brighter. It’s just prettier.” The customer said.

of the light refraction – in layman’s terms, the sparkle,

After the client left, the jeweler and I had a

shine or bling. You can compromise on color and on

conversation about the client’s choice.

clarity, but never compromise on the cut. It will always

his was superior in color and clarity and I suggested the

“The magic is in the make.” I shared. I saw this happen

sparkle better and make your heart sing every time you

and buyers an international language by which to

client see both.

again and again. A stone can have perfect color and

look at your diamond.

communicate and trade.

The Jeweler had, a D flawless diamond that had been purchased in the same price range on hand. I knew that the diamond I had presented to him was of a superior cut and make regardless of the fact that

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created the International Diamond Grading System – a standardized method for determining a stone’s quality and value by assessing its cut, color, clarity and carat weight. The introduction of this system gave jewelers

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r Fo u r

CUT

Ϋ Ϋ C A R AT W E I G H T A N D D I A M O N D VA LU E :

C O LO R

When talking about the cut of a diamond, we refer to

Since many inclusions and blemishes are too small to

When it comes to color, lack of color is preferable

the craftsmanship of the finished stone. While nature

be seen with the naked eye, it has become industry

in white diamonds. Most have a visible yellow or

dictates the color and clarity – and to some extent,

standard to determine the final clarity grade of a

brown tint, while those that are perfectly colorless

the carat weight - of a diamond, man is responsible

diamond using 10x magnification.

are considered the highest quality and are usually

for the overall finish. It is the cut quality that brings a gem to life. Aspects such as how the facets interact with light,

ΫΫ GRADING AND THE CLARITY SCALE Clarity is graded according to a scale starting at FL (flawless – the highest clarity) to I3 (Included 3 – the

the proportions of the diamond, the brilliance (light

lowest clarity). The system was designed by former

returning to the eye), dispersion or ‘fire’ (spectral

president of GIA, Richard T. Liddicoat, in order to

colors), contrast and scintillation (sparkling with

standardize grading terms. Jewelers had been using

movement) are all maximized in a perfectly cut

a variety of vague descriptions, often leading to

diamond, and are important factors in a diamond’s value and beauty. CLARITY Clarity is considered important in the value of a diamond because diamonds with a higher clarity are rarer in nature. Inclusions (internal flaws) and blemishes (surface flaws) are present in the majority of diamonds to some degree. In the rare cases when neither is present, the diamond is considered ‘flawless’. When grading the clarity of a diamond, a lab will identify the inclusions and blemishes and consider their effect on the overall appearance of the gem. It is usually the size and severity of these imperfections that determine the grade.

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Carat weight is the most objective of the diamond’s 4Cs. A gemological laboratory or appraiser will be able to give an accurate carat weight using a diamond scale.

the most valuable. Color is graded using a master set of diamonds

As carat weight increases, the value of the diamond

specifically chosen based on their range of color.

increases as well. However, because larger diamonds

Diamonds with more than a ‘Z’ color are known

are so much rarer than smaller ones, the price increase

as ‘Fancy Color Diamonds’ and are graded on a separate scale.

exponential.

For example, a

misinterpretation, until Liddicoat’s new terminology

2-carat diamond of

became widely used in the 1950s.

a given quality is

GIA Anatomy of a Diamond

always worth more

The system is still used as a universal standard today:

than two 1-carat

ΫΫ CLARITY GRADES

diamonds of the same quality.

Flawless diamonds have no internal inclusions or blemishes on the surface. On the other end of the scale, Included diamonds (I1, I2 & I3) have obvious inclusions which can sometimes be seen with the naked eye. In some cases, these inclusions can have a negative impact on the durability of the diamond.

C A R AT ( W E I G H T A N D S I Z E )

A large diamond is not always more valuable than

The weight or size of a diamond is measured in carats

a smaller one, however. Other factors such as Cut,

(ct.). One carat weighs 0.2 grams and is divided into 100

Color and Clarity must be taken into account as these

points, so a diamond weighing 1.07 ct. is referred to as

are more subjective and can affect a diamond’s value

"one carat and seven points."

hugely. If a diamond is cut too deep or too shallow, for example, it may look small for its size or lack brilliance. It is important to remember that diamonds of the same

C A R AT W E IGH T

carat weight don't necessarily appear to be the same 0.50 ct.

1.0 ct.

2.0 ct.

3.0 ct.

5.0 ct.

and may not be comparable.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r F i ve

Diamond Cutting and Processing The Diamond Cutter For centuries, a diamondâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future was inside the rough

The manual process he used was fascinating. That man

rock to be discovered by and with the masterful artistry

had a gift that was an art. I watched him evaluate the

of a skilled Planner. There are many advantages to this

diamond from all directions. I saw the look in his eyes

precise process which was once previously achieved

when he saw paths emerge. I saw the concentration

manually. Today, in our modern world, a diamondâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best

it took as he contemplated the myriad of complex

course of action to maximize its yield, is established

options. Just as he decided on the plotting strategy

with the help of modern technology.

to bring forth the diamonds best assets and value, a

When I first visited the diamond exchange building in Ramat-Gan Israel in the eighties, I was sat in front of a large pile of rough diamonds, containing hundreds of carats. The rough stones looked like pieces of a childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s game I played in my youth in Israel. Knowing how much these unpolished gems would change excited me every time I saw them. I was joined by the

calm and happiness would wash over him. Watching his process was captivating and the excitement I felt then is indelible. It is a palpable memory I will never lose even when I know it is a computer making those decisions. Diamonds go through many stages to get to the polished final product and become jewelry.

diamond Planner who, at that time, still did not have

Here the process is described in short, to help

the modern technology of today available. I was about

appreciate the long journey a diamond will travel

to watch him work by hand in front of me.

before they are worn and enjoyed.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d D I A M O N D S O RT I N G ΫΫ After diamond ore is mined it is transported to a processing plant where it is fed into huge crushing machines. ΫΫ The crushed rock is moved on a conveyor belt through a darkened chamber and X-rayed. Photo sensors detect the diamonds’ fluorescence and air jets remove the diamonds. ΫΫ Workers then sort the gem quality stones from the industrial diamonds by hand. ΫΫ Gem quality stones are sorted further in a large sorting room.

C h a pte r F i ve

The actual process of how diamonds are cut and polished can be broken down into five steps: planning, cleaving, bruting, polishing and inspecting ΫΫ PLANNING The planning stage is all about finding the best way to maximize the yield and minimize waste. There are always different options when deciding how to cut a stone, so a Sarin machine is usually used to map the rough diamond, and computer software can then use the data to produce a plan for the optimum cut Ϋ Ϋ C L E AV I N G When the plan has been finalized, the rough stone is then split into individual pieces. Mechanical sawing is sometimes used, but usually this step is done using contactless cutting techniques and equipment

ΫΫ POLISHING

Finally, the diamond must be inspected to ensure it

Once the rounded shape of the rough is formed, the

meets the manufacturers specifications. If it doesn’t

next stage is to create and form the facets of the

pass these quality control inspections, the stone

diamond. Using a rotating arm and a spinning wheel,

will be sent back to the polisher for touch ups

the cutter polishes the rough diamond, creating its smooth, reflective facets. There are two steps to the polishing process; blocking and brillianteering: In the blocking process, a template is created by adding 8 pavilion mains, 8 crowns, 1 culet and 1 table facet to each single cut stone. The brillianteer will then finish the job by adding the remaining facets, bringing it to a total of 57. He holds

and improvements.

G R A D I N G R E P O RT S F O R Q UA L I T Y AS S U R A N C E A cut and polished diamond is usually then sent to a gemological lab, like the GIA, for grading. A grading report allows people to buy with confidence

great responsibility as the fire and brilliance of the

in the stone’s authenticity; it also increases the

diamond is determined at this stage.

value of the diamond.

such as lasers. ΫΫ BRUTING Also known as girdling, bruting is performed on the rough stones after a diamond has been split. The individual pieces are placed on axles which spin in opposite directions, grinding the stones against each other, creating a rough girdle finish. DIAMOND CUTTING Diamond cutting is an important and delicate job. It is the process that changes a rough diamond into a magnificent gem. Every decision made during the process has a huge effect on the value of the final diamond, so only those with expert knowledge and equipment are able to take on the cutting of a rough diamond.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

Natural Fancy Color Diamonds Throughout my career I have sold many natural fancy

she came to visit my factory in LA and saw a picture of

color diamonds; some were pinks, some were yellows

a blue diamond in a magazine on my desk. She couldn’t

and some were blues. But some diamonds I remember better than others because of the personal connection and the story behind a particular interaction.

take her eyes off that diamond. She was compelled to add it to her collection.

In 2004 I was introduced to a jewelry collector through

The diamond that had caught her attention was a part

an established customer. The collector was a wonderful

of the Sotheby’s auction exhibit. I called Sotheby’s in

lady who shared my passion for fine gems and Jewelry. We began working together by designing & producing

NY and was fortunate enough to be introduced to Mr.

I accompanied the gem and flew with it to my

book knowing that at the end of 2017, that particular

customer. As I unveiled the stone we both immediately

diamond had a wholesale value of over $5M. It goes to

fell in love with that radiant large Fancy Intense Blue

show how certain diamonds, especially natural fancy

diamond.

color diamonds have appreciated in value in the last

My client purchased it for $1.1M. We designed and created a beautiful ring to incorporate the jewel, and

10-15 years, due to their rarity and high demand. As each natural fancy color diamond is unique and is

Gary Schuler who was their jewelry manager, and who

she was thrilled with the outcome.

bonded over time and together explored the breadth

was very courteous and accommodating. He sent the

Years went by and natural fancy color diamonds

that are created through each interaction, and I cherish

and depth of the world of colors in the stones. One day

diamond to me on approval.

kept appreciating in value. Today as I’m writing this

those very much.

Natural Fancy Color diamond jewelry pieces for her. We

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not like any other, so are the people and connections

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r Si x

W H AT A R E N AT U R A L FA N C Y C O LO R D I A M O N D S ? Natural fancy color diamonds are known for their magnificent beauty. They can be found in almost every color under the sun, including pinks, champagnes, violet, yellows, greens, blues, oranges and reds. Volcanic eruptions bring these wonderful gems to the surface of the Earth where they are mined, processed, traded and appreciated all over the world. Unlike colorless diamonds, natural fancy color diamonds are extremely rare. It would be virtually impossible to come across two that are identical. Even a matching pair of natural fancy color diamond earrings will usually be comprised of two non-identical stones that simply look alike. H O W D O N AT U R A L FA N C Y C O LO R D I A M O N D S G E T T H E I R C O LO R ? Every diamond is composed of a unique combination of chemical elements, which dictate its color and therefor itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rarity, value and desirability. All fancy colored diamonds follow the same color grading scale: Fancy Light, Fancy, Fancy Intense, and Fancy Vivid. As the intensity of the stoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s color increases, so does its value.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

COLORLESS / WHITE DIAMONDS

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YELLOW DIAMONDS

BLUE DIAMONDS

PINK, RED, & ORANGE DIAMONDS

White diamonds are more common. They are

Yellow diamonds are yellow because their

Diamonds appear blue when their carbon structure

While other fancy color diamonds get their color from

graded on a scale from ‘D’ to ‘Z’. A ‘D’ color white

carbon crystal structure contains nitrogen. When

contains the element boron. Boron is not common in

trace elements inside their carbon structure, pink

diamond has no nitrogen at all. Diamonds with

light travels through the diamond the nitrogen

the earth’s crust, so blue diamonds are rare and often

diamonds are more of a mystery. The pink color is

a D, E or F color grading are more rare.

modifies it by absorbing the blue part of the visible

extremely valuable. Blue diamonds occur in hues

created by disturbances during the growth process,

spectrum, making the stone appear yellow.

ranging from green-blue to gray-blue.

creating a mutation in the stone’s molecular structure.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r Si x

H O W R A R E A R E N AT U R A L FA N C Y C O L O R DIAMONDS?

E VA LUAT I N G N AT U R A L FA N C Y

ΫΫ More than 250 tons of ore needs to be crushed and

Ϋ Ϋ C O LO R

processed to yield just one carat of rough gemquality diamond ΫΫ Only one rough diamond in a million weighs one carat or more ΫΫ Only one in 10,000 diamonds has a fancy color ΫΫ Blue diamonds are exceptionally rare, comprising only around 0.0001% of the world's diamonds,

C O LO R E D D I A M O N D S ( N F C D )

The characteristic of color is the most important of the 4Cs when it comes to evaluating natural fancy colored diamonds. The more visible and vibrant the color of the diamond, the more rare and valuable it usually is. As saturated color creates value, fancy cuts are preferred because they intensify the stone’s

Most diamonds will possess at least one ‘secondary’ color; sometimes even two or three. A diamond categorized as a pink diamond may in fact contain a secondary brownish overtone, for example. ΫΫ CLARITY

important part in determining its value. Naturally, a clear stone will look more magnificent than one with

Ϋ Ϋ C O LO R I N T E N S I T Y

end up as cut and polished colored diamonds.

from the faintest of shades to the most intense.

ΫΫ Less than one tenth of 1% are pink diamonds,

single colors ,these are extremely rare and valuable.

cushion, heart, radiant, emerald and oval.

diamonds mined each year and only 2,000 carats will

per year, and less than 590 are jewelry grade.

color you can imagine, and while some are pure,

As with all diamonds, the clarity of the stone plays an

Each color diamond is graded for its color intensity

ΫΫ The Argyle mine in Australia mines 30 million carats

Diamonds have been discovered in almost every

color. The most popular fancy cuts are: princess, pear,

according to Christie's. ΫΫ There are approximately 110 million carats of

Ϋ Ϋ P R I M A RY A N D S E C O N DA RY D I A M O N D C O LO R S

many blemishes, however when it comes to natural fancy color diamonds, the clarity is not as important as the intensity of the color.

Fancy color diamond intensity levels are as follows, from lowest to highest: Faint, Very Light, Light, Fancy Light, Fancy, Fancy Intense, Fancy Vivid, Fancy Deep, and Fancy Dark.

and out of this tiny amount, only a handful are investment-quality diamonds. ΫΫ The Argyle mine in Australia produces over 90% of the world’s pink diamonds, and out of the 30 million carats of rough diamonds mined there every year, less than 10,000 are pink. The mine is scheduled to close in 2020, giving experts cause to believe prices will skyrocket.

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Image by Niki Jaffe

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d TYPES OF IMPERFECTIONS W I T H I N C O LO R D I A M O N D S White Spots - also known as ’icy inclusions’, can have a negative impact on a color diamond. Black Spots - Black spots are parts of the diamond that never crystallized and unfortunately can be quite noticeable. H O W I N C LU S I O N S A F F E C T A C O LO R D I A M O N D ’ S A P P E A R A N C E A N D VA LU E The impact an inclusion has on a diamond’s appearance and value depends on where it is located. Inclusions in the table are often very noticeable, whereas an inclusion in the lower facets is likely to be less obvious, or even hidden completely by the setting. When buying color diamonds, focus on unique and intense colors. Most inclusions are less of an issue with color diamonds, as these diamonds are already so rarely found, not to mention the fact that a diamond’s natural colors can often mask any blemishes. Written by Benji Margolese Leibish & Co

C h a pte r Si x C O LO R D I A M O N D S AS I N V E S T M E N T S Color diamonds may have only recently entered the investment world but they are taking it by storm. This is because the appreciation this commodity has seen over the past decade is unprecedented. Generally, the stones that fetch the highest and most surprising sums are those of highly rare colors, sizes, and shapes. The size of the diamond is all relative to the color and intensity of the diamond. A Fancy Vivid Blue diamond less than 2 carat in size could run into millions of dollars. On the other hand, a fancy yellow diamond would have to be extremely large and unusual to bring in figures anywhere near that. Regardless of a color diamond’s color, shape, size, or quality, the bottom line is that due to the rarity of these stones, in addition to the high demand, prices are soaring on a yearly, and an even more frequent basis. This makes color diamonds ideal investment opportunities. Though there are some colors that are wiser and more recommended to invest in than others, all color diamonds are wise as far as investments go.

C U T V S C A R AT

Regardless of the purpose of your purchase, and

The cut of a natural color diamond plays an important

especially in the event that the diamond is used for an

role in determining the diamond’s color and brilliance.

investment, be sure to first speak with a professional.

The strength of color in a diamond can drastically

The diamonds that have demonstrated the most

improve by changing angles on the pavilion or crown

impressive numbers and are sought after by investors

of a stone. A diamond will sometimes be cut several

are pink diamonds, top quality yellow diamonds

times, sacrificing the carat weight of the stone, in order

(above 2 carats in size), green and blue diamonds.

to achieve the most vibrant color. Vivid pink and blue

When selecting a color diamond, it is difficult to say

diamonds have been known to sell for more than $1M

without first assessing the stone, but in general go for

per carat, meaning a loss of up to $10,000 for every

the highest intensity your budget will allow, while still

carat point lost during cutting.

maintaining a decent clarity, size, and carat weight.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

“

Diamonds bring a sense of radiance, a loving energy that infuse the wearer with purity and Light. It links with the Divine, and allows the soul’s light to brightly shine.

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”

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r S eve n

Love & Diamonds Galit’s Story Gall and I met when I was five and he was six years

After immigrating to the US at the same time, I found

old. We lived in a small neighborhood, in a suburb of

myself in LA working as a film editor, just as Gall moved

Tel Aviv, Israel. Gall and his family had just moved two

to Hawaii to begin his career in the diamond industry.

doors down. As neighbors we played together, then went to the same school and shared the same teachers. In middle school, Gall kissed me….it was my first kiss and I was in love! The romance was short lived, as we eventually attended different high schools, but the bond endured.

We both found and married our spouses in the same year. I moved back to Israel and Gall moved to LA. We kept in touch and introduced our spouses to each other. We all became friends. Each of us had two children, a girl and a boy, almost in the same times. And as fate had it, after 10 years we moved back to LA and by coincidence found a house very close to Gall and his

In our early 20’s, we rekindled our romance for a short

family. Again, we were neighbors. The families would

time, yet again. Once more and despite moving in

get together once in a while and Gall and I were good

different directions, we maintained our friendship.

friends as if we had never been apart.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r S eve n

Time went by, life happened and our respective marriages unraveled simultaneously. In fifty years our bond had never been severed and finally the timing was right for us to unite. The relationship as we know it was always there, perfect and whole, waiting for us to catch up to it. Our love, like a Diamond, was billions of years old in the making. It was a precious stone waiting patiently to be uncovered. I joined Gall at Raiman Rocks as his partner, marketing developer and operations manager. The place I filled was waiting for me, after all, who could know more about Gall’s long term loyalty, integrity and trust more than I. Our journey has been incredible. I know such a union partnership that the universe has given to us.

T H E H I S T O RY O F T H E D I A M O N D E N G AG E M E N T R I N G

In the last 5 years at Raiman Rocks has developed

Since ancient times, a ring has been given as a symbol

is rare in this world and I am grateful for the love and

the “Rare Diamonds of the World” collection. It is a

of love and commitment. In many cultures, a diamond is

symbol of our love and commitment to each other, our

used because it’s beautiful yet durable qualities signify

company and our family of clients.

an everlasting bond of love and matrimony.

Raiman Rocks offers Rare Diamonds of the world to our

Ϋ Ϋ A N C I E N T R O M E A N D T H E M I D D L E AG E S

clients as well as educational seminars for investors and collectors in the field of natural fancy color diamonds.

In 1215, a waiting period (now known as the

We are very fortunate to meet and become friends

engagement period) was mandated by one of the

with wonderful people through our travels.

most powerful popes of the middle ages. It was

It is a joy and a privilege to be working with the rarest

also declared that metal rings must be worn by the

and finest quality of stones, clients and friends from

betrothed couple, and that all marriage ceremonies

around the world.

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Image by Niki Jaffe

must take place in a church.

Ϋ Ϋ 14 T H – 17 T H C E N T U R I E S Engagement rings became more and more common, but the first time a diamond was used was in 1477 by Archduke Maximilian of Austria when he proposed to Mary of Burgundy. Diamonds were still extremely rare and were only used by royalty and the upper elite. Ϋ Ϋ 17 T H & 18 T H C E N T U R I E S In 1867, a bountiful supply of diamonds was discovered in South Africa, radically changing the world’s perception of diamonds. Supply increased more than tenfold over the next ten years and the precious stones became accessible throughout western society.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d S T Y L E S T H R O U G H T H E AG E S Ϋ Ϋ E A R LY 20 T H C E N T U RY The Edwardian era followed the art and fashions of other European countries. During that time, advances in metal fabrication allowed for the use of platinum in jewelry, enabling designs to become more detailed and intricate than previous eras. Diamond engagement rings were given a small border of platinum beads set around the edges to add a soft, elegant look. During this era, engagement rings became a widely accepted social custom, and, together with the industrial revolution, fine jewelry was within the reach of more people than ever before. Ϋ Ϋ 19 15 -193 0 A RT D E C O The 1920s was a decade of great change for women’s fashion. Modern, Art

C h a pte r S eve n Ϋ Ϋ 1 950 S “ D I A M O N D S A R E F O R E V E R ”

Ϋ Ϋ 1 970

In 1947, with the help of a leading advertising agency,

Styles changed again in the

DeBeers revealed their new slogan; “A diamond is

1970s when square cuts like

forever”. The campaign was a huge success, and was largely responsible for the overwhelming preference for the use of diamonds in engagement and wedding

the princess and radiant cut became the popular choice for engagement

rings today.

rings. This was a generation that left traditions

A new trend for ‘stackable’ rings began when

new and different.

Audrey Hepburn became engaged to actor Mel Ferrer. Inspired by Audrey’s engagement ring, Cartier introduced their popular 3-color-bands design. The three rings, made of rose, yellow and white gold, can be worn separately or together, and remain popular to this day. ΫΫ THE SIXTIES

in the past, showing a love for styles that were

Ϋ Ϋ 1 980 The engagement and wedding of the decade was that of Prince Charles and Princess Diana, and her oval sapphire engagement ring set off a major sapphire trend. Ϋ Ϋ 1 990 - P R E S E N T There has not been a dominant trend over the last few decades. With the invention and rise of the

Deco designs were the

The 1960s were an age of fashion innovation

internet, couples have had access to just about every

preference, and diamonds

for women. Yellow gold, silver and platinum

style and design, allowing them to choose something

were set in platinum, white

were the preferred metals for jewelry-making.

that is a perfect fit for

Cabochon-style gemstones were set in rings,

them personally. There

gold or silver. Ϋ Ϋ 1940 R E T R O R I N G S Hollywood’s Golden Age stars, such as Rita Heyworth

were often mixed with round brilliant cut diamonds

is one constant element to the most sought-after

and other gems.

engagement rings of the

remained the most popular

In 1963, Richard Burton famously gave Elizabeth

centuries, and that is the

gemstones and were set in bold

Taylor a ‘D’ color, VS1, 33-carat diamond ring, cut in a

and dramatic ring designs.

style that was popular before the 1920s.

and Katharine Hepburn, were icons that dictated the fashion of the 40s. Diamonds

Pa g e 5 6

creating big and dramatic designs. Those gemstones

twentieth and twenty-first

Since ancient times, a ring has been given as a symbol of love and commitment.

presence of a prominent, sparkling diamond.

Pa g e 5 7

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d W E S TA RT W I T H T H E D I A M O N D When designing a new exquisite one of a kind ring we always start with purchasing an amaizing polished diamond. Be it a colorless or a natural fancy color diamond we make sure it is of a great quality, has wonderful life and sparkle to it and will make its wearer very happy and proud. Here is a 5.03 carat natural fancy light pink diamond with VVS

How Do We Do It?

clarity and excellent polish. D I A M O N D C E RT I F I C AT E All our diamonds have a GIA certificate and this diamondâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s certificate number is 2203243684.

GIA REPORT

* +*,-+ () *+

FA C S I M I L E This is a digital representation of the original GIA Report. This representation might not be accepted in lieu of the original GIA Report in certain circumstances. The original GIA Report includes certain security features which are not reproducible on this facsimile.

Verif y this repor t at GIA.edu gia.edu

PA RD OD PI TOIRO TNIAOLN SI N F O R M AT I O N

In this chapter we will show you how we take a beautiful diamond and we dress it up in an exquisite special ring that is designed to complement that specific diamond and enhance its beauty. Just like

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The Process of Designing a High-End, One-of-a-Kind Ring

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G I A DN IAT A MU OR NA DL CG OR LAODRI NE GD RD EI APMO OR NT D R E P O R T

GRADING SCALES

CLARITY CHARACTERISTICS

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GIA.edu www.gia.edu

a bride choosing the perfect dress for her wedding night we carefully design and choose the right setting

We start with a computer CAD design. After considering

for our diamonds to make them shine and stand out

a few ideas we choose the one that we like the most and

even more.

create a very detailed CAD drawing of it.

Pa g e 5 8

Pa g e 59

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d C O M P U T E R I Z E D C A D D R AW I N G

SETTING THE CENTER STONE

Once approved by us and our shop, we send the CAD

Once the ring is set with the melee we are ready to set

drawing to be made into a wax model to be able to see it as a 3D product in hand.

the center diamond. It takes a master setter to do this delicate work. The setter needs to make sure he is not going to damage the diamond in anyway. These kinds of diamonds are very expensive and rare and it takes very precise work to make sure that

Q UA L I T Y C O N T R O L Now that the ring is ready it is going to be checked by quality control. Here the controller will check under a microscope each and every stone, melee and center one to make sure non of them is loos or shaking or moving. They will inspect the polish job, the cleanliness and the overall work done. If any flawed found the controller will return it to the setter to repair.

the diamond sits perfectly in the space designed for it, and that it is very secured to make sure it will not pop out of the ring no matter what. T H E WA X M O D E L

POLISHING

Once we like the wax model and we make sure all the

Now that all the stones had been

details about it are to our satisfaction the wax model is

set the ring is ready for polishing.

sent to metal casting. We decide which metal we would

The setter is starting with some

use weather it is 18 Karat yellow gold or white gold or

overall polishing and then going

platinum. In this particular ring,

into the small fine details of

we choose 18K rose gold as it

polishing the finest nooks and

will complement and enhance

cervices.

the beauty of the main pink diamond and the pink melee diamonds in the double halo around the center stone. C AS T I N G T H E R I N G Once the metal stage is done itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time to polish the metal and give it a smoother appearance. It is not the final polish yet but the rough polish state needed to start setting the melee diamonds in the halo and shank.

Pa g e 6 0

PROFESSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY

CLEANING THE WORK

Once passed the quality control we take the ring to a

The final stage is deep cleaning

professional photographer who specialize in diamond

of the work and polish residue.

photography, to make professional photos of it.

The ring is being deepen in the ultrasonic tank to remove all the polishing materials and then

T H E R I N G I S R E A DY

gets steamed with a professional

Now we are ready to find the right home for this

steamer to make sure it is

beautiful creation, a one of a kind labor of love of mother

completely clean.

earth in collaboration with us.

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

Auction Prices My Story - Gall The auction house is an integral part of the life of

catalogue and made available for previewing around

diamondâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life. They are like a family member of

the world by potential buyers specifically in New York,

the stone. An auction house not only serves as a market place but it establishes the market value. The Auctions houses catalogues serve as valuable historical documented such as provenance, past sales and future projections, but also exist as a liaison for a stone through generations. During the life time of Raiman rocks we have experienced many different scenarios other than a sale at the strike of a hammer. Once Raiman rocks placed a spectacular 6.00 carat Natural Fancy Blue Cushion in the care of a New York

Geneva, and Hong Kong. When the Blue Diamond came up for bid at its reserved price, there were no qualified buyers on either the floor or the phone. Months later, a buyer who had missed the auction contacted the house in search of a future auction of Blue diamonds. The Auction house brokered the sale to Raiman Rocks. On another occasion, a client was looking at a collection of past auction catalogue and came across a rare Fancy Intense Blue Diamond that they desired. Raiman Rocks contacted the auction house and together assisted the sourcing and selling of that specific diamond to

Auction house. We sent the diamond to the auction

the buyerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s satisfaction. The Auction house was in the

house in advance, so it would be included in the auction

service of all parties.

Pa g e 6 2

Image by Niki Jaffe

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d FA N C Y C O LO R D I A M O N D A U C T I O N P R I C E S A R E S OA R I N G ! Fancy color diamonds of all shades have been among the hottest items in auction sales in the past few years. How long this trend will continue is anyone’s guess, but Jewelry Directors at auction houses around the world all agree: Fancy Color Diamonds are having a bigger

C h a pte r N i n e

Prices paid for colored diamonds have increased by 142% over the last ten years. Pink diamonds saw the most growth by far, soaring 315%, and blue diamonds gained 154% in that time, according to The Fancy Color

Record Breaking Auction Prices

Research Foundation Report. Larger white diamonds have also risen in value, but much more slowly: 5% a year for the past five years

impact than ever before. DIAMOND NAME

C O LO R

C A R AT

SA L E P R I C E

AUCTION

Fancy Vivid Pink, VVS2, Cushion Cut

16.08ct

$28,523,925

Christie’s

Fancy Vivid Blue, IF, Cushion cut

12.03ct

$48,400,000

Sotheby’s

Fancy Vivid Blue, VVS1, Rectangular cut

14.62ct

$57,000,000

Christie’s

Fancy Vivid Blue, IF, Oval cut

10.10ct

$32,000,000

Sotheby’s

Fancy Vivid Pink, VVS2, Pear Shaped

15.38ct

$31,600,000

Sotheby’s

Fancy Intense Blue, VS2

24.18ct

$25,300,000

Christie’s

The Cartier ‘Sky Blue’

Fancy Vivid Blue, VVS1, Square cut

8.01 carat

$17,100,000

Sotheby’s

on pink diamond prices.

The Pink

Fancy Vivid Pink, VS2, Pear Shape

9.14ct

$18,110,000

Sotheby’s

The GIA Color Grading scale is as follows: Faint, Very

The Pink Star

Fancy Vivid Pink, IF

59.60ct

$71,200,000

Sotheby’s

W H Y A R E N AT U R A L C O LO R DIAMONDS SO POPULAR? The main reason most people buy jewelry is for it to be worn and enjoyed. But, when spending thousands of dollars, it also makes sense to consider the investment value of your purchase. The supply of rare, colored

Sweet Josephine

The Blue Moon

The Oppenheimer Blue

diamonds is very limited. Only a fraction of a percent of diamonds are Natural Fancy Color. This makes them

De-Beers Millennium Blue

good investments. Pink diamonds are by far the rarest. About one in 10,000 carats of diamond is a Fancy Color diamond of gem quality, and of these, only 0.1% are pink. The world’s supply of pink diamond comes almost entirely from the Argyle Mine in Western Australia, which is expected to close in 2020, causing experts to predict a huge impact

The Unique Pink

The Cullinan Dream

Light, Light, Fancy Light, Fancy, Fancy Intense, and Fancy Vivid. The more intense the color, the rarer the diamond, meaning Fancy Vivid colors are the most valuable and sought-after.

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Pa g e 6 5

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r N i n e T H E O P P E N H E I M E R B LU E 1 4 .62 C T FA N CY V I V I D B LU E , V V S 1 , R E C TA N G U L A R C U T May of 2016 - The Oppenheimer Blue diamond made history by selling for a record-breaking $57.7m, becoming one of the world’s most expensive polished diamonds – comfortably beating the previous record set by the Blue Moon diamond the previous year. D E - B E E R S M I L L E N N I U M B LU E 1 0.1 0 C T , FA N CY V I V I D B LU E , I F , OVA L C U T April 2016 - The DeBeers Millennium Jewel 4 was part of the De Beers Millennium Jewels Collection, displayed at London’s Millennium Dome to commemorate the

THE UNIQUE PINK 1 5 .3 8 C T , FA N CY V I V I D P I N K , VVS2, PEAR SHAPED

turn of the century. The Flawless, Fancy Vivid Blue gem

May 2016 - The “Unique Pink,” is another record-

is the largest of its kind ever to appear at auction. It

breaking diamond. The pear-shaped Fancy Vivid pink is

sold for almost $32m at Sotheby’s Hong Kong.

the largest of its type to ever come to auction. It sold for over $31.6 million – more than $2m per carat.

Image by Niki Jaffe

THE CULLINAN DREAM 24 .1 8 C T , FA N CY I N T E N S E B LU E , V S 2

SW E E T J O S E P H I N E 1 6 .0 8 C A R AT FA N CY V I V I D P I N K , VVS2, CUSHION CUT

T H E B LU E M O O N 1 2 .03 CA R AT , FA N CY V I V I D B LU E , I F , C U S H I O N C U T

In 2014, a 122.52ct blue rough was discovered at the

November 10, 2015 - An exceptionally rare, Fancy

November 11, 2015 – This 12.03ct flawless Fancy Vivid

being the largest. The 24.18 carat Cullinan Dream

Vivid Pink diamond of 16.08 carats sold at the Christie’s

blue diamond became a worldwide sensation when

made the history books in June 2016 as the largest

Geneva sale of Magnificent Jewels for a record

unveiled at Sotheby’s London. It sold for an astounding

Fancy Intense Blue ever to be offered at auction. It

$28,523,925. Its new owner, Joseph Lau, named it

$48.5m and set the record for the most expensive

sold for more than $25.3 million at Christie’s New York

‘Sweet Josephine’ after his daughter.

diamond ever sold at auction at that time.

Magnificent Jewels sale.

Pa g e 6 6

Cullinan mine in South Africa. Four large diamonds were cut from the original, with the Cullinan Dream

Pa g e 6 7

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

T H E C A RT I E R ‘ S K Y B LU E ’ 8 .0 1 C T , FA N CY V I V I D B LU E , VVS1, SQUARE CUT This fascinating Cartier ring, showcasing an 8.01 carat Fancy Vivid blue diamond, sold for more than $17.1 million at a 2016 Sotheby’s Geneva auction. As well as

C h a pte r N i n e

T H E P I N K S TA R 59. 60 C T , FA N CY V I V I D P I N K , I F On 4 April 2017, a new world record was set in Hong Kong. The Pink Star, a 59.60 carat oval mixed-cut, Fancy Vivid Pink, Internally Flawless diamond, sold

receiving the highest possible color grading, it also has

at Sotheby’s for HK$553 million/US$71.2 million. The

a type IIb status which makes it extremely rare.

winning bid was placed by the chairman of renowned jeweler Chow Tai Fook, who renamed it the CTF Pink

THE PINK 9. 1 4 C T , FA N CY V I V I D P I N K , VS2, PEAR SHAPE

Star to commemorate the company’s 88th anniversary.

The Pink diamond was bought by an Asian collector, for

Fancy Vivid Pink diamond that the GIA has ever graded.

The CTF PINK STAR wis the largest Internally Flawless

$18.11m. This was the second highest price ever paid at

Not only has it been awarded the highest possible

auction for a pink pear-shaped diamond.

grades for color and clarity, it is also part of a rare sub-group known as Type IIa, meaning it is comprised of the purest diamond crystals, making it even more extraordinary. It took two years for the 132.5ct rough stone mined in Africa in 1999 - to be transformed into this stunning gemstone.

New World Auction Record for Any Diamond or Jewel!

Most of the images in this chapter are only representations of pink and blue diamonds and not the actual mentioned diamonds.

Pa g e 6 8

Pa g e 6 9

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r Te n

As a diamond purchase becomes more of a financial decision than an emotional one, buyers are not spending money on a gift, but on a family asset with the potential to serve the purpose of wealth

Diamonds as an Investment

preservation. S H O U L D YO U A D D D I A M O N D S T O YO U R P O RT F O L I O ? Diamonds are becoming hard asset alternatives, maximizing profits and liquidity. What if you could store your wealth in a hard asset that not only offers strong price growth, but easy portability? Over the years we have specialized in a certain class of diamonds called Investment Grade diamonds,

The Diamond Industry is Changing

comprising of mainly large and natural fancy color

Over the past 10 years, diamonds have become a

products. However, from a consumer’s perspective,

wealth preservation asset.

buying diamonds is not equivalent to buying a pair of

WHY IS THIS HAPPENING?

pants or shoes. Diamonds are very different. Diamonds are rare in nature and they have limited availability.

In the past, marketing campaigns for the diamond

For this reason, diamonds become part of the market

industry were fully focused on diamond jewelry igniting

of rarities, just like art pieces and other collectibles.

the emotional drive of the consumer to purchase

Therefore, diamonds have been turned into an asset

a diamond. In 1947, De Beers’ famous marketing campaign slogan, ‘A diamond is forever’, associated the gifting of diamond jewelry with an emotional, life event, such as falling in love, anniversaries, and the birth of a child.

that can be purchased as part of a financial decision. Times are changing and social norms are transforming as well. As a new generation becomes the main consumer - a generation that doesn’t buy diamonds

diamonds. We collect one-of-a-kind gems that are special due to their rarity, and we have become known as the source of these kind of jewels. Today, as investors are looking to diversify their portfolio, they tend to purchase rare jewels as hard asset investments. Most of those jewels stay in the family for generations and are handed down as heirlooms. Diamonds are a portable, alternative store of savings and wealth that are being increasingly utilized for diversification. In uncertain times, portability should be a part of an investor’s diversification. Diamonds are the densest and most portable form of savings and wealth

This kind of marketing approach is not unusual

as a status symbol, nor as a symbol of love - sellers

and many industries were successful in creating an

have to shift their focus to promote diamonds as an

a handful of investment-grade diamonds can be worth

emotional demand among consumers to help sell their

investment; a rare collectible.

millions and fit in a pocket.

Pa g e 7 0

in existence. Real estate is fixed, and gold is heavy, but

Pa g e 7 1

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

“

Here is a quote from Miri Chen, the CEO of FCDR :

“Over the last 13 years, the Pink fancy color price index has increased by approximately 450%, with the most significant increase occurring in the years 2009–2014. Although

”

there is a shared supply of Pink fancy color diamond, the increasing demand from Asian customers maintains stability in price with minor volatility since 2014”.

During the last few years, many wealth managers have

of personal collectibles. Over the last few years, auction

begun making real assets available to their high-net-

prices for rare color diamonds have soared, sparking a

worth and affluent clients and the asset management industry is catering to this growing demand. The long-term, buy-and-hold investment time line is very attractive for families preparing for future generations. Others find that a short-term spin of purchasing and selling the right diamond yields high lucrative returns. Investors are exploring the advantages that investing in diamonds can offer, such as tax advantages relating to long-term capital gains and tax breaks on inheritance

Pa g e 7 2

huge increase in demand from investors. It is forecasted that by the year 2020, demand for these gems will surpass supply, driving the value of these rare gems even higher. For further reading about diamonds as investments please take a look at the chapter in this book about Auction Record Prices for Natural Fancy Color Diamonds.

Pa g e 7 3

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r El eve n

Diamond Grading Labs In 2013 I went to visit the GIA laboratory in Carlsbad.

the GIA staff and were invited for a short orientation

GIA's system is to send every large (2ct and up)

its way through the grading process until it leaves the

The visit was organized by the West Coast Diamond

on how the lab worked, and then we went in. The tour

diamond to be graded only in NYC or Carlsbad, CA.

laboratory and is sent back to its owner. The diamond

Club, of which I am a member, and I was very excited about the visit as we were going to tour the actual laboratory where they grade the diamonds.

was very impressive. The GIA lab had the most cuttingedge technology including every grading machine ever invented to grade and measure diamonds. New

It was not my first time at the Carlsbad facility - I had

electronic high-tech microscopes were used by each

graduated from this establishment back in 1987 -

and every one of the graders to accurately grade the

however, not a single visitor was ever allowed in the

diamonds that came in. But it wasn’t the new high-

laboratory so I’d never had a chance to see inside. As soon as we arrived I was struck by how good the

tech equipment that impressed me; it was the actual systems the GIA had put in place to ensure fair and

campus looked and how it had grown and expanded

accurate, unbiased grading that really got my attention

since the last time I was there. We were greeted by

and respect.

Pa g e 74

Since the GIA has locations all over the world many diamonds were being sent for grading to laboratories such as Israel, HK and India. By sending the large diamonds out of their locality this system was designed to prevent local connections between graders and manufactures in order to eliminate any kind of biased grading locally. Diamonds are now assigned their own internal tracking

cannot be associated with its owner while being graded, and throughout the entire system is referred to only by its internal tracking number. This makes it almost impossible for graders to show favoritism, and ensures an objective grade. Every diamond is graded by not one, but three graders – including at least one senior – who must reach a

number and placed into a transparent storage case.

consensus about the grade, adding another measure of

The tracking number identifies the diamond as it makes

security and credibility to the grading process.

Pa g e 7 5

S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r El eve n

W H Y I S A G R A D I N G R E P O RT I M P O RTA N T ?

diamond, including measurements, weight, color,

A grading report, or certificate, will document all

clarity, inclusions and blemishes, as well as whether any

the physical properties of a diamond such as color, clarity, weight and cut grading, and it will also identify any imperfections in the stone. It is now possible

enhancement or treatments were detected. An appraisal is an assessment of the diamondâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s current

for gemologists to detect the presence of artificial

market value. Appraisal value of a diamond will

treatments and/or enhancements, so a certificate

fluctuate with the market, while the information in

from a reputable lab will also act as insurance against

its grading report will remain the same. All insurance

synthetic gems, guaranteeing that yours is an authentic, natural diamond.

companies require a certificate or appraisal before insuring diamonds.

N O T A L L G R A D I N G L A B O R AT O R I E S A R E C R E AT E D E Q UA L

THE GRADING PROCESS

Each lab uses its own grading system and as a result,

First, carat weight and proportions of the diamond are

a report from one institute may show different results

identified using an electronic micro-balance and an

from a report issued by another lab for the same diamond. The most well-known grading lab is GIA (Gemological Institute of America). They have been serving for over 75 years and have many labs, research and education centers. GIA labs are considered the godfathers of diamond certification.

optical scanning device. At this stage, a diamond is also reviewed to determine whether the gem is synthetic or natural. Next, the diamondâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s clarity and finish are graded under 10x magnification. Here the grader can detect

Other major gemological labs are AGS, EGL and IGI.

any evidence of treatments such as fracture filling

These are reputable labs offering similar services at

or laser drilling. Color and fluorescence are then

comparable prices. AGS (American Gem Society) was

compared against the set of master stones, and given

actually formed by the same man who founded GIA,

a grade from D to Z. A UV light is used to detect

Robert Shipley.

signs of fluorescence.

D O N O T C O N F U S E C E RT I F I C AT I O N W I T H A P P R A I SA L

Finally, the cut of the diamond is assessed. The cut

A diamond certificate (grading report) gives detailed

fire and scintillation, while taking into account aspects

information about the physical properties of the

such as symmetry, facet angles, proportions and polish.

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grade represents the diamondâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s degree of brightness,

Image by Niki Jaffe

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

Synthetic Diamonds Synthetic diamonds (also known as artificial, cultured,

demand for synthetic diamonds is slowly increasing, as

or cultivated diamonds) are created through an artificial

customers look for stones which are both more ethical

process, as opposed to the natural, geological process.

and more affordable.

Synthetic diamonds are also known as HPHT or CVD diamonds after the two common production methods

HPHT diamonds are less expensive than their natural

- the high-pressure, high-temperature method and the

counterparts and the process improves their color

chemical vapor deposition crystal formation method. A

significantly. Companies purchase cheaper, less

third method, known as detonation synthesis, became

desirable diamonds, put them through the HPHT

available in the late 1990s.

process, and sell the resulting, better looking, gems at a much higher price. Essentially, the process

In 2006, the Hollywood movie, Blood Diamond, brought

allows companies to select flawed or discolored

attention to the human-rights abuse in Africa that is

diamonds and transform them into diamonds of a

associated with traditional diamond mining. Consumer

more desirable color.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d T Y P E S O F T R E AT M E N T S ΫΫ LASER DRILLING Since the introduction of laser drilling, it has become possible to target, and remove or significantly reduce microscopic black carbon inclusions. The laser burns a narrow tube or channel to the inclusion. The diamond is then soaked in sulfuric acid which dissolves the black carbon making the inclusion transparent. RESPONSES FROM THE GIA It is difficult to distinguish natural diamonds from HPHT stones, so some consumers inadvertently purchase enhanced diamonds thinking they are real. The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) wanted to remedy this situation to help prospective buyers to know for certain whether they were looking at a natural or enhanced stone. The GIA now uses advanced spectroscopic techniques to distinguish between synthetic diamonds and real diamonds. D I A M O N D T R E AT M E N T S Specific treatments, known as enhancements, can be carried out on natural diamonds in order to improve the visual characteristics of the stone. Clarity and color enhanced diamonds sell at lower prices when compared to similar, untreated diamonds, but these are

Ϋ Ϋ F R AC T U R E F I L L I N G Fracture filling is usually the last step in the process

lab grown diamonds will endanger the future of fancy color diamond sales. I see lab grown goods as a minor handicap only. True love and appreciation call for genuine gifts of everlasting value.

“

carat fancy intense pink diamond.

Love and diamonds are eternal. When

”

a lady gets married, she wants a real diamond ring – not a substitute. A Quote from LEIBISH

can detect the solution present in a fracture filled diamond, using a microscope. Sometimes bright flashes of color, known as ‘Flash Effect’, can be seen when rotating a diamond. This is an indication that the stone has been fracture filled. Ϋ Ϋ C O LO R E N H A N C E M E N T S Generally, there are three major methods to artificially alter the color of a diamond: - Irradiation with high-energy subatomic particles;

Government agencies, such as the United States

- The combined application of high pressure and high temperature (HPHT).

Some treatments, especially those enhancing the clarity

All those methods are used to modify or enhance

of a stone, are highly controversial within the industry.

a stone’s color.

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I was asked today in a forum if I am concerned that

take the place of a $300,000 per

acid-etching. In most cases a trained gemologist

- The application of thin films or coatings;

disclosure of all diamond treatments at the time of sale.

DIAMOND GROWN IN A LAB?

Lab-grown diamonds will never

of diamond enhancement, after laser drilling and

sometimes hard to detect. Federal Trade Commission, explicitly require the

W O U L D YO U P R O P O S E W I T H A

C h a pte r Twe l ve

The diamond in this picture is a real Natural Fancy Pink Diamond and not a lab-grown diamond.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

Rapaport When I started my career back in 1984, Rapaport was

honest and transparent for the end user. After all,

making his first steps in standardizing prices for the

diamonds are a commodity and they do fluctuate like

diamond industry. In the beginning, we would get an envelope with a printed price sheet that would be mailed to us once a month. Then, in 1987 - I remember we had just got our first fax machine, which was a

any other commodity reacting to supply and demand. So why not have an index; a guideline for dealers to base their prices off?

technological miracle at the time – we subscribed to Rapaport’s first service: a weekly fax of his diamond report sheet. Every Friday we would get that sheet that would reflect diamond prices as per Mr. Rapaport’s

It was amazing to witness Mr. Rapaport growth and

I would read his magazine religiously every month, and

He would fight to educate and establish diamond

development through the years. From a one-page

admired his ability to stand up to industry giants like

cutting facilities in poor African countries where

observation of the NY market. Some dealers didn’t

fax price list, he grew to become the industry price

like Rapaport’s efforts to standardize the industry and

guide that no one could deny. He published the most

create transparency in the diamond market as it took

professional industry magazine, ‘RAPAPORT’, which

away the ambiguity regarding diamond prices.

followed up a few years later with the upload of an

De Beers, when he disagreed with their monopoly and policies over the rough diamond supplies worldwide. I also adored the way he fought for the weak links in

rough diamonds are mined in order to keep employing locals and give them the opportunity to benefit from their countries’ treasures. I support Mr. Rapaport’s fight against blood diamonds; he goes a long way to

impressive internet platform that enabled diamond

the diamond chain - the small diamond dealers working

appreciated Rapaport’s efforts. I felt that if the industry

trading in a secure and controlled space, supplying the

hard to make ends meet - doing his best to level the

organizations to eradicate this ugly and horrific

was held to a common standard it would be more

best trade news to be found.

playing field for everyone in the industry.

aspect of the diamond industry.

Personally, I was amongst the people who liked and

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educate and network with worldwide diamond

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r T h i r te e n

His internet platform RAPNET.com is every diamond

issue, insisting that diamonds are commodities which

dealer’s go-to work tool. There isn’t a day when I don’t

can be bought, sold, traded, analyzed and certified, and

search, buy, or sell a diamond on this platform and my

should be treated as such.

life as a diamond dealer has been dramatically changed by the ability to connect and search a multitude of stones and dealers on this platform. It must also be said that only diamond dealers and professional registered Jewelers can be members of this platform. This distinguishes them from the general public in order to support their livelihood and place in the diamond market chain. Despite his rivals - and perhaps in spite of them - Mr. Rapaport’s belief that the diamond wholesale market should be standardized and transparent to reduce fraud and protect consumers and sellers as one, had materialized into reality. Martin Rapaport had changed the face of the diamond industry forever. Martin Rapaport started out in the industry in Antwerp, Belgium, as a rough sorter and cleaver. He moved on to brokering diamonds in New York City and in 1978 he created the industry-changing Rapaport Price List. Since then he has had more and more impact within the industry, founding and supporting multiple non-profit organizations aimed at creating a more transparent and fair marketplace.

Rapaport has spoken at length on the investment value of diamonds, drawing attention to their ability to retain value even through the brutal 2008 financial crisis. This, he claims, is because "there is so much new wealth around the globe and wives want in on the action.” EUROPEAN COMMISSION In the early 2000s he was a vocal critic of the alleged collusion between De Beers and ALROSA. According to Rapaport, the Russian cartel was selling diamonds to De Beers at 8 to 20 percent below market value. CONFLICT DIAMONDS AND THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS Long before conflict diamonds and the civil war in Sierra Leone were made public knowledge by the media and Hollywood, NGO Global Witness contacted Rapaport and invited him to visit to see the situation first hand. His first trip was made into a 3-hour documentary called ‘Diamond Road’. He was deeply affected by what he learned in Sierra Leone, and dedicated much of his time and money to finding a way to stop the stealing of the

Dubbed a ‘Maverick’ of the diamond world, Rapaport’s

country’s resources. He wrote and published ‘Guilt Trip’

work is viewed as controversial, in part because he

which is quoted in the United States Congressional

makes price manipulation more difficult, as well as

Record, and he is an important member of the

weighing in on issues such as conflict diamonds,

Kimberley Process Plenary, which is a diamond industry

synthetic diamonds, and Fair-Trade. In 1982 he filed a

partnership between the United Nations, dedicated

proposal to create a diamond commodity market. The

to regulating the trading of diamonds and helping

proposal was denied, but he continues to press the

to end the conflict.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r Fo u r te e n

Isaac Joseph entered the diamond industry and, in turn, passed down his expertise to his two sons, Joseph and Abraham, who went on to become two of the 20th century's most prodigious diamond experts. Abraham and his brother Joseph had built the company to international fame. In 1907 the brothers opened a new factory at 127 Tolstraat in Amsterdam and soon they received a request from King Edward VII of Great

The World Diamond Council

Britain to cleave the legendary Cullinan Diamond, the largest rough gem-quality diamond ever found. Since then, the Asscher family has been giving royalty from all over the world the royal treatment, helping them with all their diamond needs. Time passed quickly and we had a wonderful time talking to this incredible man and learning about his involvement with the World Diamond Council.

Edward Asscher was one of the forefathers of the

forget. Edward spent a few hours with us, telling

Kimberley Process; his pioneering work helped

THE WORLD DIAMOND COUNCIL

us about the rich heritage of the Asscher family. He

The WDC was formed in 2000 in response to the situation

showed us around the building which used to be the

in Africa, where civil wars were raging and rough

main manufacturing facility of the Asscher familyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

diamonds were being exploited to finance the rebel

convince mining companies, governments and NonGovernmental Organizations (NGOs) to accept and use the Kimberley process. Edward Asscher received a knighthood for his social and ethical work, becoming an Officer in the Order of Oranje Nassau in 1999. In 2015, my wife and I had the privilege of visiting

diamond business, then he showed us pictures and told us stories about his family history in the business for the past 4 generations. In 1854, Joseph Isaac Asscher, already a famed artisan in the diamond industry,

forces. Its establishment has had an enormous effect on the diamond industry, transforming its perception of responsibility towards society in the way diamonds are traded. As soon as he was elected, WDC chairman, Eli Izhakoff created a strong body of representatives from

Edward at his offices in his home town of Amsterdam.

established the I.J Asscher diamond company, named

within the industry, including jewelry manufacturers,

It was a wonderful visit; the kind that one does not

for his son Isaac Joseph Asscher.

retailers, mining companies, gem labs and banks.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

C h a pte r Fo u r te e n

The WDC lobbied both governments and the United

are required to put in place legislation, controls and a

ΫΫ To ensure that all company employees that buy

Nations to create a system that would prevent

commitment to transparency. They must be willing to

or sell diamonds within the diamond trade are

diamonds from conflict areas from entering the

exchange their statistical data freely, and are legally

well informed regarding trade resolutions and

legitimate trade. The U.S. Congress passed the Clean

only allowed to trade with other participants who are

government regulations restricting the trade in

Diamonds Trade Act by an overwhelming majority, and

also part of the scheme. Additionally, a KP certificate

conflict diamonds.

similar legislation was passed in every country that

must accompany every shipment of rough diamonds,

ultimately joined the Kimberley Process Certification

guaranteeing they are conflict-free.

Scheme, which formally launched on January 1, 2003. THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS

their members have adopted the following principles

The Kimberley Process (KP) is a joint government,

of self-regulation:

industry and civil society initiative focused on

ΫΫ To trade only with companies that include warranty

stemming the flow of conflict diamonds. Governments and the diamond industry met in Kimberley, South Africa, to negotiate a scheme for combating the trade of “blood diamonds”. The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme was established, and governments around the world adopted the process and committed to the scheme. W H O I S I N VO LV E D ? The Kimberley Process (KP) is open to all countries that are willing and able to implement its requirements. The KP has 54 participants, representing 81 countries, accounting for approximately 99.8% of the global production of rough diamonds. HOW DOES THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS WORK? Extensive requirements are imposed by the KPCS in order to ensure all members ship only conflictfree diamonds, preventing conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. All KPCS member states

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In addition, the diamond industry organizations and

declarations on their invoices; ΫΫ To not buy diamonds from suspect sources or unknown suppliers, or which originate in countries that have not implemented the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme; ΫΫ To not buy diamonds from any sources that, after a legally binding due process system, have been found to have violated government regulations restricting the trade in conflict diamonds; ΫΫ To not buy diamonds in or from any region that is subject to an advisory by a governmental authority indicating that conflict diamonds are emanating from or available for sale in such regions, unless diamonds have been exported from such regions in compliance with the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme; ΫΫ To not knowingly buy or sell or assist others to buy or sell conflict diamonds;

Failure to abide by these principles exposes the member to expulsion from industry organizations. CONFLICT-FREE DIAMONDS BENEFIT AFRICAN PEOPLE Diamonds are one of Africa’s major natural resources. The diamond trade contributes approximately US$8.5 billion a year to Africa and is helping the continent in four key ways: ΫΫ FINANCIAL Diamonds provide a significant economic contribution to the countries in which they are found; for example: diamonds represent 33% of the GDP of Botswana [approximately US$3.3 billion] Ϋ Ϋ H E A LT H Diamonds play a significant role in helping tackle the HIV pandemic in southern Africa through the funding of counseling, testing, education, treatment programs, clinics and hospices. Ϋ Ϋ E D U C AT I O N Southern African countries are using the revenue from diamonds to help more children go to school for longer. Ϋ Ϋ E M P LOYM E N T More than 38,000 people in southern Africa are legitimately employed by the diamond industry.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

The Spirit of Diamonds Composed entirely of carbon, the foundation element

Out of the ground, however, a diamond is indeed still

for life on Earth, diamonds are Perfect in structure

“in the rough.” It takes a master craftsman to work at

and the hardest natural substance known to man.

it with great meticulous care and effort, to reveal its

Being revered in history as “the king of gems”, the Ancient Greek called diamonds adamas, which means “invincible” or “indestructible.” In the depths of the planet’s mantle, far beneath many layers of rock and magma, fragments of graphite are subjected to immense pressure and heat. After many millions of years, what was once a dark lump of carbon has completely transformed into a brilliant diamond. Diamonds teach us a valuable lesson: that with time and attention, you can take something that

true beauty and splendor. Here we observe another valuable lesson: that even those who begin life with potential may need many years of molding and hard work in order to become their most successful and actualized selves. Throughout history, many cultures and traditions have made observations like these and have treasured diamonds not only for their physical qualities, but for the lessons they can teach us—what they mean to us metaphorically, philosophically, and spiritually. They’ve told stories and have used diamonds in their imagery, symbolism, and mythology. Here, we’ve collected

seems unremarkable and bring out its extraordinary

some of our favorite beliefs about diamonds from

hidden potential.

around the world.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d H E A L I N G Q UA L I T I E S O F D I A M O N D S

to determine one’s best course of action. Diamonds are

Diamonds are considered master healers for their

also often used as crystals of protection. It is believed

ability to unify the mind and body. They are believed to

that diamonds can clear negative energy from an area,

strengthen all the energy centers of their wearers. It is

person, or other object. Diamonds bring a sense of

said that diamonds bring energies of longevity, balance,

radiance, a loving energy that clears the aura with purity

clarity, intensity, success, and abundance to their

and light and links us with the divine, allowing the soul’s

owners. Qualities such as eternity and purity are also

light to shine out and be shared with others.

attributed to the high-frequency energy of diamonds. Diamonds are great conductors and amplifiers of

D I A M O N D ’ S E M O T I O N A L Q UA L I T I E S

energy, absorbing thoughts and feelings and then

The Diamond, in its rarity and beauty, is a symbol of love

radiating them outward, attracting whatever their

and fidelity, and embraces strength of character, ethics,

owner is occupied with. As symbols of invincibility,

and faithfulness to oneself and others. In antiquity,

diamonds give courage to their wearers.

diamonds were considered symbols of purity and

While holding or wearing diamonds, one projects empowering thoughts and attracts a positive reaction from others. They are known to expand the field of opportunities in attracting prosperity. The Ancient Hindus considered that the “vibrations” of diamonds

innocence. They also symbolized perfection, invincibility, force and authority. Diamonds are capable of driving away fears and protecting their owner from negative influences. They symbolize the power of love; they are known to bond partners together and bestow trust and

render a positive influence on the various organs of

honesty in relationships. A gift of a diamond to a partner

the body, particularly the heart and the brain. It was

is considered a gift of the utmost love and commitment.

also believed that diamonds protect the owner from

Furthermore, diamonds increase one’s ability to learn

illnesses, ward off bad dreams, fight depression, and

from life lessons; they can help one to overcome fear and

help balance the energy system of the body.

are known to bring courage and hope.

D I A M O N D S A N D S P I R I T UA L I T Y

M AG I C A L P R O P E RT I E S O F D I A M O N D S

Diamonds increase energy in all levels and serve as

Since ancient times, it has been said that diamonds exert

a link to divine energy. It is said that diamonds can

favorable influences on their owners and their owners’

T H E P O W E R O F C O LO R Ϋ Ϋ C O LO R M E A N I N G S A N D S YM B O L I S M

endeavors. Many believe these stones provide strength,

Whether we realize it or not, colors play a very important role in our lives. We are surrounded by colors every day, be it

courage, and even invincibility in fights. Diamonds

the colors of the clothes we wear, the foods we eat, or of the objects that we decorate our homes with. Indeed, colors

align with their higher self and find their personal path.

have always been considered the stone of winners and

are affecting us constantly, and have an ability to affect our emotions and moods in ways that few other things can.

Myth tell us that diamonds can be used to see into the

champions; they were the personal talismans of Julius

unknown, to reach visionary states in meditation, and

Caesar, Louis IV, and Napoleon Bonaparte.

connect to spiritual realms and help their wearers move through the evolution of the soul. They can help one

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Color attributes and healing qualities have been known to mankind since the beginning of time, and many different cultures have used various colors in rituals and medicine.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d C O LO R P O W E R S

ΫΫ THE CHAKRA SYSTEM

C O LO R

CHAKRA

N AT U R E

P H YS I C A L

Q UA L I T I E S

FEELING

Black

Underneath the feet

Cleansing

Underground

Mastery, sophistication, elegance, style, power

Space

Brown

At the feet

Endurance

Earth’s crust

Reliability, stability, natural beauty, earthiness, home

Grounding

Red

1st Chakra

Life flow

The groins

Vitality, power, energy, passion, desire, speed, strength, power, heat, intensity, celebration, luck

Courage

Orange

2nd Chakra

Creativity

Lower stomach

Creative expression, intimacy sexuality, energy, balance, warmth, expansion, flamboyance

Enthusiasm

Yellow

3rd Chakra

Power

Solar plexus center

Self esteem, light, joy, optimism, happiness, idealism, imagination, hope

Happiness

Green

4th Chakra

Love

Heart

Feelings, generosity, good luck, health, renewal, youth, vigor

Love

Pink

Between 4th & 5th chakras

Unconditional love

Thymus gland

Romance, tenderness, love, softness, femininity, sweetness, affection

Romance

Blue

5th chakra

Truth

Throat

Communication, expression, harmony, unity, trust, security, confidence, tranquility

Peacefulness

Purple

6th Chakra

Vision

Between the brows

Clarity, direction, manifestation, spirituality, ceremony, mystery, transformation, wisdom, enlightenment

Magic

White

7th Chakra

Reverence

Just above the head

Faith, innocence, cleanliness, peace, precision, youth, goodness, marriage

Purity

Star light

Few feet above the head

Cosmic intelligence, maturity, soundness, functionality

Celestial Unity

Chakra is a Sanskrit word meaning “wheel.” Ancient Hindu wisdom describes seven main Chakras located along the spine extending out the front and back of the body. These centers exist in our subtle etheric body. Each chakra has specific qualities, attributes and colors that correspond to specific energy. The Chakra system represents the different qualities and spiritual/ physical levels we can express and the more flow one has between the chakras the fuller the self-expression can be. By studying this system, we can learn how to master each chakra’s essence, live to its potential, and unite those energy centers into an integrated field of colors and experiences, living to our full potential. Each Chakra has its own special healing qualities, attributes, and color that it is associated with. In the following table, we have gathered the symbolic meanings behind the various colors, their healing qualities, and their connections to various physical, emotional, and spiritual states. When you wear a piece of jewelry that has a certain color, subconsciously you are enhancing certain qualities and calling forth an archetype of forces to accompany you on your journey at that particular time.

Grey

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

"Diamonds" The word alone conjures up hundreds of images: rare, precious, desirable, beautiful, sparkling tokens of love. Created deep within the core of the earth and brought to the surface by volcanic eruption, most of the

Remarkable Facts About

Diamonds

diamonds sparkling on fingers today are more than 100 million years old! Even before these magnificent creations of nature were mined in profusion towards the end of the 19th century, they were a source of fascination and value to early man. The Romans thought diamonds were splinters from falling stars, while the Greeks regarded the sparkling gems as tears of the gods.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

W H AT M A K E S A D I A M O N D S P E C I A L ?

W H AT A R E D I A M O N D S ?

ΫΫ BEAUTY

Diamonds are made out of carbon — highly organized

The colorless beauty and inner fire of the diamond has made this precious gem prized for centuries. Each stone's complex characteristics cannot be duplicated, and no two diamonds can ever be the same. Each

carbon, that is. Geologists are still speculating how diamonds formed in the Earth from 1 billion to 3 billion years ago. According to a recent study in Nature journal, they think the recipe goes something like this:

stone, like its owner, is endowed with a personality

॰ Bury carbon dioxide 100 miles into Earth.

and character uniquely its own.

॰ Heat to about 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit.

ΫΫ DURABILITY A diamond is the hardest substance known to man, making it resistant to deterioration. When cared for properly, diamond jewelry can be worn every day and

॰ Squeeze under pressure of 725,000 pounds per square inch. ॰ Quickly rush towards Earth’s surface to cool.

passed on as an heirloom to the next generation ΫΫ RARITY Although new resources for diamonds are being explored and discovered, the supply of these natural gems remains limited. Ϋ Ϋ E N D U R I N G VA LU E Although diamond prices fluctuate just as other precious assets, it is important to know that these sparkling gemstones keep increasing in value after years of being worn and enjoyed.

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25 Remarkable Facts About Diamonds

The Cullinan diamond (the largest

Incredibly, the diamond is the

Eighty percent of the world’s

ever discovered, weighing 3,106

only gemstone made of just one

diamonds are not suitable for

carats) was discovered in 1905 in

element – carbon.

jewelry. These are used for

South Africa. The mine’s owner

industrial purposes.

and the South African leaders gave

the diamond to King Edward. The

Diamonds are the very hardest

In one thousand polished diamonds,

During the Middle Ages diamonds

natural substance. The only thing

only one will weigh more than

were believed to have healing

ones. The three largest of these are

that can scratch a diamond is another

one carat.

properties able to cure ailments

diamond.

ranging from fatigue to mental illness.

Cullinan was eventually cut into nine large diamonds and 100 smaller on display in the Tower of London as part of the crown jewels.

The loss of diamond rough during

More than 250 tons of ore need to

the cutting process is substantial.

be blasted, crushed and processed

Most diamonds lose 50% - 60% in

to produce just one carat of

the process from rough to polished.

rough diamond.

Sometimes as much as 70 percent of a diamond is lost during the cutting

Diamonds are hundreds of millions

Many ancient cultures believed that

Diamonds are created at a depth of

of years old, and some diamonds are

diamonds gave the wearer strength

about 100-150 miles below ground

known to be more than three billion

and courage, and some kings wore

and are carried to the Earth’s surface

years old.

diamonds on their armor as they

by deep volcanic eruptions.

and polishing process.

rode into battle.

Many people expect a diamond

The diamond is the most effective

to be unbreakable. This is not true.

heat conducting material, which

A diamond’s crystal structure has

expands very little when subjected

‘hard’ and ‘soft’ directions. A blow

to high temperatures, unlike most

of sufficient force, in a very precise

other conducting materials.

direction can crack, chip, split or even shatter a diamond.

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S h i n e L i ke a D i a m o n d

The word diamond derives from the

America buys more than half of the

The first man to propose with

Diamonds come in a spectrum of

Ancient Romans and Greeks believed

A rough diamond looks so much like

Greek word “ADAMAS,” which means

world’s total gem-quality diamonds,

a diamond ring was Archduke

color. Colored diamonds are called

that diamonds were precious tears

a pebble that most people would

invincible or indestructible.

accounting for the world’s largest

Maximilian of Austria who proposed

“fancies”. Blue and pink diamonds

cried by the gods or splinters from

pass it by without a second glance.

diamond market.

to Mary of Burgundy in 1477 with a

are among the rarest, whereas

falling stars.

ring encrusted with thin, flat pieces

yellow and brown are among the

of diamonds in the shape of an “M”.

most common.

15 The largest Diamond ever found is the Cullinan which weighed 3,106 carats.

16 In order to burn a diamond, it must be heated to more than one thousand degrees Fahrenheit and it will simply vanish, without even ash remaining. Only a little carbon dioxide will have been released.

The Crater of Diamonds State Park in

The largest diamond ever found in

Arkansas is the world’s only diamond

the U.S. was discovered in 1924 in

mine open to the public and is a

the Crater of Diamonds State Park in

dig-for-fee operation for tourists

Arkansas; the “Uncle Sam Diamond”

and rock enthusiasts. An average of

weighs 40.23 carats.

74,000 visitors comes to the park each year. About one out of 100 visitors finds a diamond.

24 Diamonds were first mined in India over 2,800 years ago.

25 The most mind-blowing diamond fact of all: Scientists have discovered a planet that they believe is composed mostly of carbon, and is one-third

pure diamond! Discovered in 2004, the planet orbits a nearby star in the Milky Way, and is named “55 Cancrie”.

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Gall Raiman’s passion for large and exquisite diamonds began over three decades ago, when he first earned his GIA and AGS certifications. Since then, he has mastered the techniques and trends that are driving high-end jewelry design, and has established relationships with the finest diamond suppliers around the world. His skills and expertise are the result of tireless study, hands-on experience in all aspects of the jewelry industry and above all, an insatiable appetite for what’s new in the gemological world. He has an exceptionally keen eye for rare treasures, especially when it comes to the latest trends and the most remarkable designs. Raiman Rocks is a reflection of Gall's core values: delivering flawless integrity, expert knowledge, uncompromised value, and exceptional service. Established in 2006, Raiman Rocks has become a wholesale leader in the Large and Natural Fancy Color Diamond industry, delivering outstanding diamonds at

“Respect is earned. Honesty is appreciated. Trust is gained. Loyalty is returned.”

incomparable values. Gall believes that when you act out of integrity and treat others as you would treat a friend or family member, a web of reciprocation is created that leads to mutual success. That is the spirit behind Raiman Rocks, and Gall delights in seeing each and every one of his clients thrive. Gall lives in Calabasas, CA, where he shares his personal and working life with his wife Galit. The couple enjoys all the best things life has to offer, including beautiful nature, good friends and, of course, some of the world’s most dazzling diamonds.

Shine like a Diamond

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A Diamond Legend