MTI

PADMASHREE DR. D. Y. PATIL UNIVERSITY (Estd. u/s 3 of the UGC Act 1956, GOI vide notification No. F.9.21/2000.U.3 dt. 20-06-2002)

D. Y. Patil Vidyanagar, Nerul, Navi Mumbai – 400 706.

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY (M.TECH) INTEGRATED BIOTECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS Plot No. 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai – 400 614.

1

M. Tech Integrated

Sem I Sem II Sem III Sem IV Sem V Sem VI Sem VII

Paper I

Paper II

Paper III

Paper IV

Paper V

Paper VI

Cell Biology Concept of Biotechnolo gy Microbiolog y

Biomathematics

Electronics Engineering Engineering Drawing

Ecology & Biodiversity Engineering Mechanics

Applied physics Developmenta l Biology

Applied chemistry Genetics & Evolution

Mammalian Anatomy

Mammalian physiology

Intermediar y Metabolism I Advanced Analytical Techniques

Enzymology & Enzyme Technology Commercial aspects of Biotechnology

Immunology & Virology Molecular Biology of Prokaryotes

Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes

Biophysics

Biological and Biochemical Techniques BioinformaticsI (Principles)

Molecular Cell Signalling

Medical Microbiology

Down Stream Processing

Plant Biotechnology

Animal Biotechnolo gy

Neurobiology & Behavioral Sciences Environmental Biotechnology

Clinical Biochemistry

Food Science & Technology

Cancer &Stress Biology

Medicinal Chemistry

Nanobiotechnol ogy

Biotechnology Management

Princples of Drug action, Modeling & Design

Sem VIII

Biopharmaccutical Technology

Sem IX

IPR, Biosafety, Bioethics & Enterpreneu rship

Sem X

Biostatistics

Molecules of Life

Bioprocess Technology

Intermediary Metabolism II

Project (6 months)

2

Genetic Engineering I (Principles)

Bioinformatics II (Applications)

Genetic Engineering II (applications) Molecular Pathogenesis

Computational Biology- I ( Basics Databases) Computational Biology- II

Functional genomics / High throughput Research Tools Database Management System

Frontiers in Biotechnology

Research Methodology and Scientific Writing

MTI - 101

CELL BIOLOGY

40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction, History and general concepts -

02

Levels of Organization, Limits & Dimensions,History

UNIT 2: General Structure of Cells

04

Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic , Plant, Animal

UNIT 3: Ultra structure of Cell membrane and Cell wall

04

Chemical Composition, Models, Functions

UNIT 4: Ultra structure of Cytoplasm and Cytoplasmic organelles

18

Cytosol, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic retch, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Nucleus, Cytoskeleton, Cilia, Flagella, Chloroplast

UNIT 5: Cell division

06

Mitosis, Meiosis

UNIT 6: Apoptosis

03

Recommended Books:1.

Cell and Molecular biology, Gerald Karp, John Wiley and sons Inc

2.

Cell Biology by C.B. Powar.

3.

Cell and Molecular Biology; DeRobertis; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 8th Edition (2001)

4.

Molecular Biology of the Cell and the Hypercell with CDROM; Alberts, Bray; Garland Publishing 1st Edition (1999)

5.

Molecular Biology of the Cell with CDROM

Alberts, Bruce; Johnson,

Alexander; Lewis, Julian 4th Edition (2005).

6.

Molecular Cell Biology , H. Lodish, A. Berk, S. L. Zipursky, W. H. Preeman and Company.

3

MTI – 102

BIOMATHEMATICS

40hrs

UNIT 1: Set, Functions and Limit

05

Definition, Types of Set: Null Set, Universal Set. Operations on Set: Union, Intersection,

Complementation,

Relative

Difference,

De-Morgan’s

Law.

Problems of each. Functions – definitions: Types of Functions.Limit of Simple Algebraic Function UNIT 2 Derivative and Integration

10

Derivatives of :Simple Function,Logarithmic Function, Trigonometric Functions, (u +v , u-v, uxv, and u/v).Integration of :Simple Function, Logarithmic Function, Trigonometric Functions, (u +v , u-v, uxv, and u/v)

UNIT 3 :Theory of Probability

10

Definitions of various terms, Mathematical or Classical Probability, Statistical or Empirical Probability, Axiomatic Probability. Problems ; Mathematical Notions of Probability,General Addition Law of Probabilities,General Multiplication Law of Probabilities, Conditional Probability, Theorem of Total Probability with proof, Bayes Theorem with proof.

Proble

UNIT 4:Random Variable and Probability Distribution Frequency

Distribution:

Discrete

Distribution,

10 Continuous

Distribution.

Conversion from discrete to continuous. Random Variable, Probability Mass Function, Probability Density Function.Problems.Definition, Problems

of:

Binomial Distribution,

Situations and

Poisson Distribution,

Normal

Distribution.Recurrence Relations and Fitting of: Binomial Distribution, Poisson Distribution, Normal Distribution, Expectation of R.V, ( expectation of a function of a r.v. should be defined. For all the above distributions using these definitions mean & variance should be obtained).Problems

4

UNIT 5: Curve Fitting

07

Curve Fitting: Discussion,Fitting of straight line, Fitting of second degree parabola, Fitting of kth degree, Change of origin, Conversion of data to Linear Form, Problems wherever required, Fitting of Power Curve, Fitting of Exponential Curve

Recommended Books: 1. Fundamentals of mathematical Statistics.

2. Fundamentals of Applied l Statistics.

3. Statistical Method.

4. Probability and Random Process

5

MTI - 103

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

UNIT 1: Semiconductor Materials and Diodes

40hrs 10

Review of Semiconductor Materials and Properties, The PN Junction, Introduction to Semiconductor Diode Theory Diode Circuits: DC Analysis and Models, AC Equivalent Circuits, other Diode Types – Solar Cell, Photodiode, Light – Emitting Diode, Schottky Barrier Diode, Zener Diode, Temperature Effects, Understanding Manufacturer’s Specifications.

UNIT 2: Diode Circuits

10

Design of Rectifier Circuits, Half Wave Rectification, Full Wave Rectification, Filter, Ripple Voltage and Diode Current, Voltage Doubler Circuit, Zener Diode Circuits, Clipper and Clamper Circuits, Multiple – Diode Circuits, photodiode and LED Circuits.

UNIT 3: The Bipolar Junction Transistor

10

Basic Bipolar Junction Transistor, Transistor Structures, NPN Transistor : Forwardactive mode Operation, PNP Transistor : Forward – active Mode Operation, Circuits Symbols and Conventions, Current – Voltage Characteristics, Non ideal Transistor Leakage Current and Breakdown, DC Analysis of Transistor Circuits, Common- Emitter Circuits, Load Line and Modes Of Operation, Common Bipolar Circuits: DC Analysis, Basic Transistor Applications – Switch, Amplifer, Bipolar Biasing and Bias Stability, Integrated Circuit Biasing, Multistage Circuits.

UNIT 4:The Field Effect Transistor

10

Junction Field- Effect Transistor, MOS Field- Effect Transistor, MOSFET DC Circuit Analysis, Basic MOSFET Applications: Switch, Digital Logic Gate and Amplifier.

Temperature effects in MOSFETs, Input Protection in MOSFET. The power FET (VMOS).

6

Recommended Books: Donald Schilling & Charles Belove, Electronic Circuits Discrete and Integrated, Third edition, McGraw Hill International edition, 1989.

7

MTI - 104

ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY

40hrs

UNIT 1:Introduction and the science of biology

10

Characteristics of living organisms, the biological hierarchy, organizing concepts and common themes in biology, Size and time scales, Evolutionary biology, Darwin and descent with modification- Natural selection, Macro-evolution, the origin of species, The fossil record,. Phylogeny and systematic, tree of life

UNIT 2:The evolution of diversity

12

Prokaryotes - diversity and ecological impact, The origin of eukaryotic diversity – Protists, algae and fungi with emphasis on their evolution and symbiosis, role of fungi in colonization of land by plants, role of soil microbiota in plant protection and ecosystem restoration, Predators-microbial food webs and their interactions with metazoans, Plant evolution- adapting to life on land, Vascular plants with and without flowers, Fungi - diversity and ecological impact, Animal evolutionPhylogeny and diversity, Invertebrates- pathogenicity and drug resistance and evolutionary significance, Vertebrates: Evolution and diversity, The scope of ecology. Energy and nutrients flows. Ecological interactions and biocomplexity.

Communities and ecosystems

UNIT 3: Molecular ecology

10

Molecular markers in population and systematic biology, genetic identity at the molecular

level,

paternity

analysis,

genetic

structure

of

populations,

phylogeography, natural hybridization, conservation genetics

UNIT 4: Evolutionary ecology

8

Planning and conducting of experimental studies, data analysis, writing research report and its, Evaluation: Population ecology, Community ecology, Ecosystem ecology.

8

Recommended Books 1. Environmental Science- Towards a suistanable Future; Richard T. Wright, benard J. Nebel; Prentice, Hall Indi, 9th Edition (2004).

2. Ecology –Principles of Applications; J. L. Chapman, M. J. Reiss, Cambridge Press University, 2nd Edition (1999).

3. Ecology – Theories & Application; Peter Stiling; Prentice, Hall India, 4th Edition (2001) 4. Biological Science; D. J. Taylor, n. P. P. Grcen, G. W. Stout; Cambridge Press University, 3rd Edition (2003).

5. Biology; Neil Campbell & Jane Reece; Benjamin Cummings, 7th Edition (2004).

6. A Textbook on Biotechnology; H. D. Kumar; Affiliated East – West press Private Ltd, 2nd Edition (2003).

7. “From DNA to Diversity”- Sean B. Carroll, Jennifer K. Grenier, Scott D. Weatherbee.

8. Animal diversity by Earl D. Hanson 9. Biodiversity - Kevin J. Gaston, John I. Spicer, Private Ltd, 2nd Edition.

10. Origin of species by means of natural selection - Mark Ridley, Don E. Wilson

9

MTI - 105

APPLIED PHYSICS

UNIT 1: Acoustics and ultrasonics

40hrs

07

Classification of sound, Properties of sound, Factors affecting acoustics of building, Ultrasonic production-Magnetostriction & Piezoelectric methods, Detection of ultrasonic sound, Applications-SONAR, Velocity of blood flow, movement of heart UNIT 2: Oscillations and waves

06

Simple Harmonic motion, Damped and forced oscillations, LCR circuit, Resonance, Superposition UNIT 3: Wave Optics

06

Interference, Diffraction, Polarization UNIT 4: Electrostatics

06

Vector field, Electric flux, Statements of Gauss’s divergence and Stokes theorem UNIT 5: Laser and Fibre optics

07

Laser production-principle and examples, Light emitting diodes, Semiconductors, Optical fibres, Applications UNIT 6: Semiconducting materials

08

Origin of gap bands in solids, n-type and p-type semiconductors, Compound Semiconductors, Light Emitting diodes, Superconductivity

Recommended Books: 1. Waves and Oscillations: A.P.French.

2. Physics of Waves:W.C.Elmore & M.A.Heald.

3. Introduction to Electrodynamics: D.J.Griffith 4. Electrodynamics:Gupta,Kumar & Singh

10

5. Optics by A.K.Ghatak 6. Engineering Physics by Satya Prakash.

11

MTI – 106

APPLIED CHEMISTRY

UNIT 1: Atomic Structure

40hrs

04

Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom, Schrodinger Wave equation for Hydrogen Atom, Atomic orbitals and their energy, Structure of ofMultielectron atoms

UNIT 2: Chemical Bonding

06

Valence Bond Theory, Molecular Orbital Theory, Linear Combination of Atomic orbitals, Comparative study of VB and MOT, Metallic Bond

UNIT 3: Chemical Kinetics

08

Average and instantaneous rate of a reaction, Integrated rate expressions of zero and first order reactions and their derivations, Half life and time constants, Determination of rate constant/ order of reaction (Graphical Method and Ostwald Isolation method), Temperature dependence of rate constant- Arrhenius equation, Mechanism of reaction- Elementary and complex reaction. Effect of solvents (aqueous and nonaqueous), pH, pressure, salts (osmotic) on chemical reactions, Balance of chemical reactions and factors influencing reaction equilibrium.

UNIT 4: Surface Chemistry

06

Adsorption-physical and chemical, Factors affecting adsorption-Pressure and Temperature, Colloids-Definition, types and classification , Applications of surface chemistry-, Enzyme Catalysis-surface reaction kinetics, Multimolecular, macromolecular and associated colloids(micelles)

UNIT 5: Thermodynamics

06

Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, Gibb’s Free Energy, Standard entropies and free energy of formation, Free energy change and chemical equilibrium

12

UNIT 6: Stereochemistry

07

Geometrical isomerism, conformation and configuration, Optical activity and specific

rotation,

Chirality-chiral

centre,

Enantiomers,

Racemisation,

Diastereomers, Importance of Stereochemistry

UNIT 7:Contemporary Chemistry

03

Chemistry and warfare, Chemistry and new materials

Recommended Books: 1.Textbook of Physical Chemistry:P.L.Soni, O.P.Dharmarha,U.N.Dash.Sultan Chand & Sons,First Edition(2006).

2.Adventures

in

Chemistry:Julie

T.Millard.Houghton

Mifflin

Company.First

Edition(2008).

3.Organic Chemistry:R.T.Morrison,R.N.Boyd.Pearson Education.Sixth Edition(2003) 4.Physical Chemistry:Peter Atkins,Julio De Paula.Eighth edition(2006)

13

Practical I: 1. Study of Microscope 2. Mitosis in an onion root tip.

3. Metaphase arrest and chromosome analysis 4. Meiosis in Tradenscantia pollen grains 5. Giemsa staining 6. Histochemical localization of DNA and RNA in onion peel.

7. Histochemical localization of mitochondria - Jannus Green stain.

8. Study of cell inclusion bodies and starch granules 9. Study of plasmodesmata 10. Study of Paramecia /Cyanobacteria cell with heterocyst

14

Practical II: 1. To determine the specific rotation of sugar by Biquartz or Laurent half shade polarimeter 2. To determine the width of a narrow slit using diffraction.

3. To determine the wavelength of sodium light by Newton’s ring method.

4. To determine the value of ‘g’ using bar pendulum.

5. Determinaton of surface tension in Liquid 6. Application of surface tension in mixture analysis 7. Application of distribution law in the determination of equilibrium constant 8. Plant pigment separation by paper chromatography 9. Study of Diode characteristics 10. Study of clipper and clamper circuit 11. Study transistor characteristics (i.e. input, output characteristics of CE configuration

15

MTI - 201

CONCEPTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1: Introduction to biotechnology

40hrs

03

Biotechnology as an interdisciplinary science, Historical developments

UNIT 2: Industrial biotechnology

08

Fermentation techniques (solid state, submerged), Generalized design of Bioreactor (stirred tank), Downstream processing – an over view.

UNIT 3: Enzyme biotechnology

08

Enzymes - an Introduction, Immobilization of enzymes.(methods, effects, advantages and disadvantages), Applications of enzymes. (Analytical uses, industrial uses), Enzyme therapy, Biosensors- an over view, Biochips and bioelectrical devices.

UNIT 4: Fuel and Material biotechnology

05

Biofuels – an introduction, Biogas production, Bioethanol production, Tanning of leather, Biodeterioration and preservation of food and textiles.

UNIT 5: Products and services based on biotechnology

08

Beer production, Citric acid production, Micro propagation – an over view, Protoplast fusion, Somatic cell fusion, Hybridoma technology, Polymerase chain reaction and its applications, Vaccines.

UNIT 6: Environmental biotechnology

08

Biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds, Biosurfactants, Microbial enhanced oil recovery, Soil remediation, Bio control agents.

16

Recommended Books: 1. Biotechnology – expanding horizons; B.D. Singh; Kalyani publishers; 2004.

2. Enzyme biotechnology; G.Tripath; A.B.D. publishers; 2003.

3. Enzymes- Biochemistry, biotechnology, clinical chemistry; Trevor Palmer; Harwood publishing Ltd; 2004.

4. Environmental Biotechnology; M.H. Fulekar; Oxford and I.B.H publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 5. An introduction to gene cloning; T.A.Brown; Oxford publications; third edition.

6. Advances in biotechnology; S.N.Jogdand; Himalaya publishing house.

17

MTI - 202

BIOSTATISTICS

40hrs

UNIT 1: Data Presentation

03

Graphs: Histogram, Bar Charts: Simple and Multiple, Pie Chart , Problems and Interpretations of each.Tables: Simple Table; Two Way and Multiway Table ; Problems elaborating each.

UNIT 2: Measure of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Skewnwss and Kurtosis 06 Measure of Central Tendency: Arithmetic Mean, Median, Mode. Measure of Dispersion:

Variance, standard Deviation, Standard error, Coefficient of

variation. Skewness: Discussion, Karl Pearson’s co-efficient of Skewness.

Kurtosis: Discussion. Note: Discussion of uses and interpretations is expected.

UNIT3: Exact Sampling Distribution I

06

Chi Square Test. Definition: Applications of Chi Square Test. Chi Square Test for population variance. Chi Square Test for Goodness of Fit. Chi Square Test for independence of attributes (2 x 2 contingency table only). Yates Correction method. ( Problems on Chi-Square with Yates correction need to be covered in practical session). Note on degrees of freedom. Problems on each.

UNIT4: Exact Sampling Distribution II

14

Parametric Test: t-test. Definition: Simple t- Test

for mean and variance.

Independent t-Test for Mean and Variance. Paired t- Test for mean and variance.

Problems on each. Z-test. Definition: Z- Test for significance of difference for sample mean and Population Mean. Z- Test for significance of difference for sample variance and Population Variance. Z- Test for significance of difference for sample means of two group. Z- Test for significance of difference for sample

variance

of two group. Problems

on

each. ANOVA, One Way

ANOVA, Two Way ANOVA, Problems on each. Non Parametric Test: Test of Randomness, Median Test, Sign Test, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U Test, Problems

18

UNIT 5: Testing of Hypotheses

05

Introduction: Assumption of Parametric test, General Hypotheses, Statistical Hypotheses, Simple and Composite Hypotheses, Null Hypotheses, Alternative Hypotheses, Critical Region, Two Types of Error, Level of Significance, Steps in Solving Testing of Hypotheses problem.

UNIT 6: Correlation and Regression Definition of Correlation

06

for Bivariate Distribution. Types of Correlations,

Positive Correlation, Negative Correlation, No Correlation. Methods for Identifying Types and Degree of correlation, Scatter Diagram, Karl Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Problems , Interpretations of Results, Rank Correlation, Limitations of correlations, Regression for Bivariate Distribution, Line of regression, Regression Curves, Regression Coefficients, Properties of regression Coefficients.

Recommended Books:

1. Fundamentals of mathematical Statistics.

2. Fundamentals of Applied l Statistics.

3. Statistical Method.

4. Probability and Random Process

19

MTI-203

ENGINEERING DRAWING

Unit 1: Principles Of Graphics

45 hours

10hrs

Two dimensional geometrical construction - Conic sections, involutes and cycloids Representation of three dimensional objects - Principles of projections - standard codes of principles.

Unit 2: Orthographic Projections

26hrs

Projections of points, straight line and planes - ' Auxiliary projections '- Projection and sectioning of solids Intersection of surfaces - Development of surfaces.

Unit 3: Pictorial Projections

5hrs

Isometric projections - ' Perspectives '- Free hand sketching.

Unit 4: Computer Graphics

4hrs

Hardware - Display technology - Software - Introduction to drafting software.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Narayanan, K.L., and Kannaiah, P., " Engineering Graphics ", Tata McGraw-Hill Publishers Co., Ltd., 1992.

REFERENCES: 1. William M. Neumann and Robert F.Sproul, " Principles of Computer Graphics ",McGraw Hill, 1989.

2. Warren J. Luzzadder and John M. Duff, " Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing ",Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd., Eastern Economy Edition, 1995.

3. Natarajan K.V., " A Text Book of Engineering Drawing ", Private Publication, Madras, 1990.

4. Mathur, M.L. and Vaishwanar, R.S., " Engineering Drawing and Graphics ", Jain Brothers,New Delhi, 1993.

20

MTI - 204

ENGINEERING MECHANICS

UNIT 1: Basics

40hrs 03

Introduction - Units and Dimensions - Laws of Mechanics - Vectors - Vectorial representation of forces and moments - Vector operations.

UNIT 2: Statics of particles

06

Coplanar Forces - Resolution and Composition of forces - Equilibrium of a particle - Forces in space - Equilibrium of a particle in space - Equivalent systems of forces - Principle of transmissibility - single equivalent force.

UNIT 3: Equilibrium of rigid bodies

06

Free body diagram - Types of supports and their reactions - requirements of stable equilibrium - Equilibrium of rigid bodies in two dimensions - Equilibrium of rigid bodies in three dimensions.

UNIT 4: Properties of surfaces and solids

08

Determination of Areas and Volumes - First moment of area and the centroid second and product moments of plane area - Parallel axis theorems and perpendicular axis theorems - Polar moment of inertia – Principal moments of inertia of plane areas - Principal axes of inertia - Mass moment of inertia - relation to area moments of inertia.

UNIT 5: Friction

03

Frictional Force - Laws of Coloumb friction - Simple Contact friction - Rolling Resistance - Belt Friction.

UNIT 6: Dynamics of particles

08

Displacement, Velocity and acceleration their relationship - Relative motion Curvilinear motion - Newton's Law - Work Energy Equation of particles Impulse and Momentum - Impact of elastic bodies.

21

UNIT 7: Elements of rigid body dynamics

06

Translation and Rotation of Rigid Bodies - Velocity and acceleration - General Plane motion - Moment of Momentum Equations - Rotation of rigid Body - Work energy equation.

Recommended books: 1. Beer and Johnson, " Vector Mechanics for Engineers ", Vol. 1 " Statics " and 2. Vol. 2 " Dynamics ", McGraw Hill International Edition, 1995.

3. Merriam, " Engineering Mechanics ", Vol.1 " Statics " and Vol.2 " Dynamics 2/e ",Wiley International, 1988.

4. Rajasekaran S. and Sankara Subramanian, G., " Engineering Mechanics - Statics and 5. Dynamics ".

6. Irving, H., Shames, " Engineering Mechanics - Statics and Dynamics ", Thrid Edition, 7. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., 1993.

8. Mokoshi, V.S., " Engineering Mechanics ", Vol.1 " Statics " and Vol.2 " Dynamics ", 9. Tata McGraw Hill Books, 1996.

10. Timoshenko and Young, " Engineering Mechanics ", 4/e, McGraw Hill, 1995.

11. McLean, " Engineering Mechancis ", 3/e, SCHAUM Series, 1995.

22

MTI-205:

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction to the Embryology:

05

Ontogenic development as the subject matter of embryology, Phases of ontogenic development, Trends of embryology: Descriptive, Comparative, Experimental, Analytical

UNIT 2: Frog Embryology

05

Cleavage, Blastula, Gastrula: Dorsal lip of blastopore, Organizer (Chemical composition)

UNIT 3: Mammalian Embrology:

20

Differentiation of Sex, Mechanism of fertilization. Cleavage pattern: Peculiarities of cell division in cleavages, Chemical changes during cleavage, Patterns of cleavage,

Morula

and

Blastula,

Gastrulation.

Implantation:-

Types

of

Implantation, Biochemical and Physical aspects of Implantation, Endocrine Mechanism of Implantation, Relation between the embryo and the maternal body in mammals. Placentation in Mammals:- Development of Placenta, Types of Placenta, Physiology of placenta

UNIT 4:Experimental Embryology

10

Multiple Ovulation, IVF in human, Cryopreservation of Human sperms, ova and embryo.

23

Recommended Books: •

Balinsky, B. I. (1975) An Introduction to Embryology, 4th ed. W. B. Saunders, pub. Philadelphia

•

Browder, L. W., C. Erickson and W.R. Jeffrey (1991) Developmental Biology, 3rd ed. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia.

•

Patten, B. M. and B.M. Carlson (1974) Foundations of Embryology, 3rd ed.

McGraw Hill, pub. New York.

•

Wolpert, L. et al., (2001) Principles of Development 2nd ed., Oxford U. Press.

•

Development Biology, T Subramoniam, Narvosa Publication 1st (2002)

•

Development at Biology, S.F. Gilbert, Sinawer Ass. Inc.

•

Human Embryology , Churchill.

24

Edition

MTI - 206

GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

UNIT 1: History and Disciplines

40hrs

01

A brief overview of the History of Genetics, An outline about the various disciplines in Genetics.

UNIT 2: Classical Genetics

10

Mendelian Genetics: Mendel’s Law of inheritance, Chromosome theory of hereditary, Linkage and crossing over, Allelic variation, Multiple alleles, Gene interaction.---Nonmendelian inheritance: Maternal effects, cytoplasmic inheritance.------------UNIT 3: Population genetics

04

Allelic and genotypic frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, Changes in allelic frequencies, Inbreeding and out breeding.---------------------------------------UNIT 4: Mechanism of Sex determination

04

Factors influencing sex determination, Dosage compensation, Sex limited and Sex influenced traits--------------------------

UNIT 5: Evolution

07

Theories of Origin of life, Classical experiments, Theories of Evolution, Evidences for evolution, Molecular evolution, Evolution and speciation--------------------------------------------------

UNIT 6: Techniques

10

Karyotyping and Banding techniques, Physical and genetic mapping, Tetrad analysis and somatic cell hybridization, Pedigree analysis and genetic counseling, Population statistics.

-----------------------------------------------------

25

UNIT7: Genetics and social Issue

04

Human Genome Project,-Eugenics,-Sociobiology

Recommended books : 1. Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Snustard DP,(2004).Principles of Genetics.8th Ed,John Wily & sons Inc 2. Jain H K, (2004), Genetics: Principles, Concepts & Implications. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.P.Ltd 2.

Robert.R.H,(2002),Principles of Genetics,7th Ed.Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.Ltd

4. Sambamurthy AVSS, (1999).Genetics.Narosa Publishing House 5. Winter P C, Hickey G I, Fletcher H L, (2003).Instant notes of Genetics, 2nd Ed, Viva Books Pvt Ltd 6. Verma PS, Agarwal VK.(2007).Cell Biology,Genetics,Molecular Bioloy,Evolution

and Ecology.S.Chand

26

Practical - I 1.

Dissection of salivary glands

2.

Preparation of polytene chromosomes from salivary glands of Chiromonas/ Drosophila/ Mosquito

3.

Induction of polyploidy in onion root tips

4.

Study of simple and complex tissue by maceration

5.

Abnormal secondary growth in carrot and Bignonia

6.

Study of permanent slides:

7.

-

T. S. of dicot stem

-

T. S. of monocot stem

Study of permanent slides: -

Types of ovule

-

T. S. of anther

-

T. S. of ovule

-

Embryo sac

8.

Pollen viability test

9.

Study of Barr body from buccal epithelium

10.

Exercises on population genetics and linkage

27

Practical - II 1. Creating Charts with Excel and /or SPSS for different types of DATA. 2. Creating Tables with Excel and /or SPSS for different types of DATA. 3. Calculation of Mean, Median and Mode with excel and SPSS. 4. Calculation of Variance, Coefficient of variation and Skewness and Kurtosis with excel and SPSS. 5. Chi Square Test with Excel and/or SPSS 6. Correlation Analysis with Excel and/or SPSS. 7. Regression Analysis with Excel and/or SPSS 8. Fitting of Regression Line with Excel and/or SPSS. 9. Analyzing data for Normality assumption.

10. t- test with Excel and/or SPSS. 11. ANOVA with Excel and/or SPSS .

12. Analysis of Non Parametric data with Non Parametric tests with Excel and/or SPSS. 13. Mechanics

28

MTI - 301

MICROBIOLOGY

40hrs

UNIT 1: History of microbiology :

03

Landmark discoveries in microbiology, Scope of microbiology

UNIT 2: Microscopic observation of micro-organisms

04

Microscopy – Light microscope and its parts, Principle behind staining of microorganisms

UNIT 3: Classification of micro-organisms –

04

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, different methods of classification of micro-organisms

UNIT 4: The morphology and ultra-structure of bacteria:

10

Pure culture techniques. Nutritional requirements of bacteria and methods of cultivation, Growth of bacteria, Growth cycle, Measurement of bacterial growth.

Differentiation pattern among prokaryotes.

UNIT 5: Control of micro-organisms using physical and chemical agents

06

UNIT 6: Microbial diversity

10

Photosynthetic microorganisms, Chemolithotrophs, Gliding bacteria, Budding and appendaged bacteria, Archaebacteria - Archae as earliest life forms, introduction to

thermophiles,

psychrophiles,

halophiles,

alkalophiles,

acidophiles,

hyperthermophiles, Introduction to viruses, fungi and protozoa.

UNIT 7: Microbial Genetics

03

Bacterial transformation, conjugation and transduction.

29

Recommended Books: 1. Microbiology; Michael J. Pelczar, E. C. S. Chan, Noel R. Krieg;;Tata Mc Graw Hills; 5th edition (1993) 2. Microbiology; Lansing M Prescott, John P.Harley, Donald .A.Klein; McGraw Hills 5th edition (2005) 3. General Microbiology; Roger Y. Stanier, John L. Ingraham, Mark L. Wheelis, Page R Painter; MacMillan Press ltd; 5th edition (1986) 4. Microbiology – A.J.Salle 5. Microbiology, Tortora, Funke and Chase, Benzamin & Cummings

30

MTI – 302

MOLECULES OF LIFE

40hrs

UNIT 1: Nature of biological materials

04

Introduction to biochemistry, importance, general properties of organic molecules, functional groups, suitability of organic molecules for generation of structures. Water-Structure, properties and physiological importance.

UNIT 2: Carbohydrates Classification,

structures,

08 properties and

functions of monosaccharides,

disaccharides (lactose, maltose & sucrose) ,polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose, pectin, dextrin, chitin, heparin, cell wall polysaccharides),biological importance of carbohydrates.

UNIT 3: Lipids

08

Classification, nomenclature, structure of fatty acids. Chemical properties of fatssaponification number, iodine number, acid number,rancidity,RM number.Chemical properties and functions of of phospholipids-lecithin,cephalin, phosphotidyl serine, phosphotidyl ethanolamine , glycolipids, isoprenoids and sterols(cholesterol).Biological importance of lipids.

UNIT 4: Proteins

08

Amino acids-classification based on polarity, structure and properties, essential and nonessential. Classification of proteins (ASBC and APS),functional classification, peptide bond. Protein structure-primary, secondary ,tertiary and quaternary, forces stabilizing protein structure, protein denaturation, biological importance.

UNIT 5: Nucleic acids

06

Structure of purines ,pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleoides. Properties of nucleic acids(denaturation, annealing, buoyant density),Structure of DNA, forms of DNA(A,B,Z)Structure and function of different RNAs (m,r,t), biological role.

31

UNIT6: Vitamins and minerals

06

Fat soluble vitamins(A,D,E,K) and water soluble(B complex series and Vit. C)sources, RDA, role, deficiency disorders(no structures). MineralsMacro(Na,P,K,S,Ca,Mg &Cl), Micro(Fe, I, Cu, Zn, Mn,Co, Mo, Se, Cr, F)sources and role.

Recommended Books 1.Practical Biochemistry-Plummer,D,3rd Edn.,Tata McGraw Hill publishing Co.,1988 2.Laboratory Manual of Biochemistry-Jayaraman J,New age international publication,1981.

3. Practical Biochemisty-Swahney, Singh, Narosa Publication,2005.

4. Practical Clinical Biochemistry-Varley;H,CBS publications.

32

MTI - 303

IMMUNOLOGY AND VIROLOGY

UNIT 1: Fundamentals of Immune System

40 hrs 05

Innate and adaptive immunity, Cyokines,Complement system, Organs and Tissues of Immune System- Primary and, Secondary lymphoid organs, Haematopoiesis, Cells of Immune system.

UNIT 2: Antigens and Immunoglobulins

05

Antigens-Definitions, Hapten, . Adjuvant, Chemical Nature, Types of Antigenic determinants. Immunglobulins- General Structure, Classes of Immunoglobulin and Isotypes, Functions, Affinity and Avidity

UNIT 3: Immune Response

08

Lymphocytes: T-Cells- Classes, Structure and organization of TCRs, B-CellsCell surface Receptors. APCs and Interaction and Mounting of Immune Response (Antigen presentation, processing Overview, overview of MHC class)

T and

B cell activation overview. Overview of Auto immunity, Transplantation and Hypersensitivity

UNIT 4: Techniques in Immunology

04

Precipitation Reactions/ Tests, Agglutination Reactions, ELISA, RIA , FAT, Immunoprecipitation, Chemiluminiscence and Elisa spot assay.

UNIT 5: Introduction to virology

05

Distribution, Classification, Morphology and ultra structure of viruses, Cultivation of viruses, Virus purification and assays, Concepts of viroids and prions. Identification tools- Microscopic, Biochemical, CPE, serological test.

33

UNIT 6: Mode of propagation

05

Adsorption and penetration, Viral replication:Nucleic acid synthesis (origin, priming, types of DNA and RNA replication), Protein synthesis, Assembly and release of virion, Life cycle of DNA and RNA Viruses

Recommended Books 1. Immunology; Richard A. Goldsby, Thomas J. Kindt, Barbara A. Osborne, Janis Kuby; W.H. Freeman & Company, 5th edition (2003) 2. Roitt’s Essential Immunology; Ivan M. Roitt, Peter J. Delves Blackwell Science Ltd., 10th Edition (2001) 3. An Introduction to Immunology; C.V. Rao; Narosa Publishing House,1st Edition (2004) 4. 4.Instant Notes in Immunology; P.M. Lydyard, A. Whelan, M.W. Fanger BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd, 1st Edition (2003) 5. Textbook of Microbiology ;R. Ananthnarayan, C. K. J. Panicker, Orient Longman , 6th Edition (2003) 6. Immunology: Introductory textbook;Nandini Shetty, New Age International pvt.

Ltd. 1st Edition (2003) 7. Principles of Virology by SJ Flint, LW Enquist, RM Krug, VR Racaniello, AM Skalka ASM Press Washington 1st edition (2002) 8. An introduction to genetic engineering by ST Desmond and Nicholl Cambridge University Press 2nd edition(2004) 9. General Microbiology Vol. II by Powar and Daginawala Himalaya Publ. House 8th edition (2004)

34

MTI - 304

MAMMALIAN ANATOMY

40Hrs

UNIT 1: Basic Tissues

14

Epithelial Tissue. Connective Tissue: Structural elements: Extracellular components, fundamental cell types and mononuclear wandering cells. Types of connective tissues: Loose connective tissue, Dense connective tissue, Fluid connective tissue: Blood. Supporting connective tissue: Cartilages. Bones: Macroscopic

and

Microscopic

structure,

submicroscopic

structure

and

composition of bone matrix. Muscle tissue: Structural and molecular organization of muscles. Nervous tissue: Neurons, supporting cells, synaptic junction.

UNIT 2: Excretory System

05

Kidneys: Gross anatomy and histology, Blood and nervous supply. Nephron: Parts of a Nephron, Histology of the Nephron and collecting duct.

UNIT 3: Circulatory System

05

External and internal anatomy of: Heart, Blood vessels: Arteries, veins, arterioles, venules and capillaries.

UNIT4: Male reproductive system:

05

Testes, Epididymis, Ductus deferens, Seminal vesicles, Prostate, Bulbo-urethral gland, External genitalia.

UNIT 5: Female reproductive system:

05

Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, Uterus, Vagina, External genitalia.

UNIT 6: Respiratory system

06

External and internal anatomy of: Nose, Pharynx, Trachea, Lungs and pleurae.

35

Recommended Books: 1. Text Book of Medical Physiology; Arthur Guyton and John Hall;; Elsevier, Reed Elsevier, India Pvt. Ltd. 10th Edition (2000).

2. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology; Tortora Gerard J. Grabowski; John Wiley and Sons Incubator. New Jersey,10th Edition; (2003).

3. Human Anatomy and Physiology; Elaine N. Marieb;; Benjamin/ Cummings Science Publishing, California, 4th Edition (2004).

4. Histology; W.A. Ham,Philadelphia& Montream, J.B. Lippincott comp.,5th Edition. (1965) 5. Concise Histology; Bloom and Flawcett, Ronald P. Jensh , Arnold Publication,2nd Edition (2002) 6. Textbook of Histology; Bloom and Flawcett, Chapman & Hall , 12th Edition (1994)

36

MTI - 305

MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY

40hrs

UNIT1: Physiology of muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission

06

UNIT 2: Excretion

08

Types of body fluids and maintenance of osmotic equilibrium between extracellular and intracellular fluids, Formation of urine by kidney: Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion.

UNIT3: Circulation

10

Biophysics of blood flow, haemodynamics, capillary dynamics and exchange of fluid between the blood and interstitial fluid, lymphatic system, Blood pressure, measurement of blood pressure, cardiac output and venous return, Pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation, coronary circulation, blood flow through specific areas of the body.

UNIT 4: Reproduction

08

Spermatogenesis, Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis, Testosterone and its functions, Oogenesis, Menstrual cycle, Hormonal regulation of oogenesis and menstrual cycle, Oestrogen, progesterone and their functions.

UNIT 5: Respiration

08

Pulmonary ventilation: Inspiration and Expiration, Physical principles of gaseous exchange, diffusion of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood, Transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood and body fluids.

37

Recommended Books: 1. Text Book of Medical Physiology; Arthur Guyton and John Hall; Elsevier, Reed Pvt. Ltd. 10th Edition; (2000).

2. Human Physiology Volume Elsevier, India I and II; C.C. Chatterjee; Medical Allied Agency 10th Edition;(2004).

3. Human anatomy and Physiology; Elaine N. Marieb; Pearson, Benzamin cummings,6th edition(2004).

4. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology; Tortora Gerard J. Grabowski; John Wiley and sons .New Jersey, 10th edition (2003).

5. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology; Fredric H. Martini, Prentice Hall international editions, 7th edition (2006).

6. Anatomy and Physiology ,Thibodeau ,Patton ,Mosby publications ,Third edition (1996).

38

MTI – 306

BIOLOGICAL & BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES

UNIT 1: Solutions and buffers

40 hrs

05

Nature and preparation of buffers, Determination of pH, Instrumentation-pH meter, Applications of pH measurement

UNIT 2: Centrifugation

05

Principle and instrumentation, Types of centrifugation, Sedimentation coefficient, Applications

UNIT 3: Chromatography

07

Principles and instrumentation, Types-Paper, Ion-exchange, affinity, Applications

UNIT 4: Electrophoresis

07

Principles and instrumentation, Types of electrophoresis-Free & Zone, Paper and

Gel

electrophoresis,

Immunoelectrophoresis,

Applications

of

electrophoresis technique

UNIT 5: Radioisotope technique

05

Nature of radioactivity, Detection and measurement, Advantages and limitations of radiotracer experiments, Applications of radioisotope in biological sciences, Safety aspects

UNIT 6: Polarimetry

06

Polarization of Light, Plane of polarization, Optical activity, ORD and CD effects, Instrumentation, Applications of CD and ORD

39

UNIT 7: Spectroscopy

05

Region and properties of EM radiations, Principles, photoelectric effect, absorption spectrum, emission spectrum, Instrumentation, Types of absorption spectroscopy (overview), Types of absorption spectroscopy, Applications of absorption spectroscopy.

Recommended books: 1. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis.B.K. Sharma, Goel Publishing House, 25th edition 2. Principles and techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology, Wilson and Walker, Cambridge University Press, 6th edition 3. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, Chatwal and Anand, Himalaya Publishing House, 5th Edition 4. Tools and techniques of biotechnology, Mousumi Debnath, Pointer Publishers, 1st edition 5. Biophysical chemistry-Principles and techniques, Upadhyay; Upadhyay and Nath, H Himalaya Publishing House, 3rd Edition 6. Physical biochemistry- applications to biochemistry and molecular biology, David Freifelder, Freeman and Co., 2nd edition.

40

MTI - 306

BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES

UNIT 1: Solutions and buffers

40hrs

05

Nature and preparation of buffers, Determination of pH, Instrumentation-pH meter, Applications of pH measurement

UNIT 2: Centrifugation

05

Principle and instrumentation, Types of centrifugation, Sedimentation coefficient, Applications

UNIT 3: Chromatography

07

Principles and instrumentation, Types-Paper, Ion-exchange, affinity, Applications

UNIT 4: Electrophoresis

07

Principles and instrumentation, Types of electrophoresis-Free & Zone, Paper and Gel electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis, Applications of electrophoresis technique

UNIT 5: Radioisotope technique

05

Nature of radioactivity, Detection and measurement, Advantages and limitations of radiotracer experiments, Applications of radioisotope in biological sciences, Safety aspects

UNIT 6: Polarimetry

06

Polarization of Light, Plane of polarization, Optical activity, ORD and CD effects, Instrumentation, Applications of CD and ORD

UNIT 7: Spectroscopy

05

Region and properties of EM radiations, Principles, photoelectric effect, absorptionspectrum, emission spectrum, Instrumentation, Types of absorption

41

spectroscopy (overview), Types of absorption spectroscopy, Applications of absorption spectroscopy.

Recommended Books: 1. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis.B.K. Sharma, Goel Publishing House, 25th edition 2. Principles and techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology, Wilson and Walker, Cambridge University Press, 6th edition 3. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, Chatwal and Anand, Himalaya Publishing House, 5th Edition 4. Tools and techniques of biotechnology, Mousumi Debnath, Pointer Publishers, 1st edition 5. Biophysical chemistry-Principles and techniques, Upadhyay; Upadhyay and Nath, H Himalaya Publishing House, 3rd Edition 6. Physical biochemistry- applications to biochemistry and molecular biology, David Freifelder, Freeman and Co., 2nd edition.

42

Practical I 1. Staining Techniquesa) Basic : Monochrome/ negative b) Differential :- Gram stain, Spore, Capsule, Cell Wall 2. Aseptic transfer Techniques a) Flask to flask b) Tube to plate c) Pipetting from Flask to tube/ Tube to tube 3. Preparation of microbial suspension in saline and serial dilution 4. Preparation of nutrient media- broth and agar ( Nutrient and Macconkey’s) 5. Isolation of microorganism by- Streak plate, T method, Pentagonal Streaking 6. viable count of bacteria- Pour plate, Spread plate 7. Isolation of antibiotic producers: crowded plate, wilkins overlay 8. Isolation and enumeration of Bacteriophage from sewage 9. Permanent slides of reproductive system- Spermatozoan, V.S. of testis, T.S. of seminiferous tubeles, ovary, uterus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pineal gland.

10. Observation of chart and models – Respiratory system, Models of lymphatic system

43

Practical II 1. Preparations of solutions –molar,normal,ppm,percent.

2. pH meter and preparation of buffers.

3. Qualitative tests for a) Proteins-ninhydrin,biuret b) Carbohydrates-Molischs, Benedicts, Fehlings, Bials, Barfoeds, Iodine. c) Lipids-solubility tests, Sudan III. 4. Determination of λmax and verification of Beer & Lambert’s law 5. Estimation of maltose by DNSA method 6. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography 7. Separation of lipids by TLC 8. Determination of the ABO blood group of the given sample and Rh typing, cross matching 9. Preparation of O and H antigen from Salmonella.

10. Ag-Ab Interaction: Oudin’s, ouctherlonys and okalayas immunodiffusion, Double Immunodiffusion method.

44

MTI - 401

INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM I

UNIT 1: Introduction to metabolism

40hrs

06

Introduction to intermediary metabolism the basic metabolic pathways: Anabolic, catabolic, amphibolic pathways. Approaches to biochemical investigationsperfusion of isolated organs, slice technique, Tracer techniques and mutant studies for elucidation of metabolic pathways.

UNIT 2: Bioenergetics

08

Study of equilibrium in aqueous solution- concept of free energy, standard free energy, endergonic, exergonic and coupled reactions, steady state and non equilibrium systems. Nature and generation of phosphate bond energy. Energy currencies of the cell. The ATP cycle, other high energy compounds. Redox potentials and redox reactions,. Relation between reduction potentials and frequency change. Donnan Membrane equilibrium Passive, Active and Facilitated Transport. Examples H+, Cl- ,Na+ / K+ gradients, role of energy conversion – Mitchell hypothesis. Transformation of diffrerent energy forms; e.g. chemical and mechanical. Efficiency of interconversion of various forms of energy.

UNIT 3: Biological Oxidation

08

The electron transport chain organization and role in electron capture, electron transport complexes, oxidative phosphorylation, the chemiosmotic theory.

Mechanism of action of ATP Syntheses (FoF1 ATPase). Inhibitors of respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation, uncouplers,ionospheres, mitochondrial transport system, ATP/ ADP exchange malate/ glycerophosphate shuttle.

UNIT 4: Photosynthesis

06

Chloroplast -Pigment Systems, Light harvesting complex, Hill Reaction, light reaction- cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, Dark Reaction-Calvin cycle, Hatch –Slack pathway, CAM pathway, photorespiration.

45

UNIT 5: Carbohydrate metabolism & disorders Glycolysis

–anaerobic,

aerobic,

pyruvate

12 oxidation,TCA

cycle,glycogen

metabolism Cori cycle, HMP Shunt, Gluconeogenesis, Glyoxalate Cycle, Metabolisms of galactose and mannose. Role of Fructose 2,6 biphosphate, regulation of glycolysis, gluconecogenesis and glycogen metabolism, pivotal role of TCA cycle in metabolism. Disorders- Blood Sugar levels, Diabetes mellitus, metabolic complications, glucose tolerance tests, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycogen

storage

diseases,

galactosemia,

fructosemia,

pentosemia,

mucopolysaccharidosis, ketone bodies.

Recommended Books: 1.Biochemistry- Stryer,Berg,6th Edition,W.H.Freeman and Co.,2007.

2.Biochemistry-Metzler;DE,2nd Edn.,Academic press,2001.

3.Lehninger’ Principles of biochemistry-Nelson,Cox,4th Edn., W.H.Freeman and Co.,2005.

4 Biochemistry –Voet;D,Voet;J,3rd Edn.John Wiley and sonsInc.,2004.

5 Outlines of Biochemistry-Conn;E,Stumpf,5th Edn. ,Tata-McGraw Hill,1988.

6 Harper’s Principles of Biochemistry-Murray,Gardener,Mayes,Rodwell,27th Edn.McGraw Hill Education,206 7 Biochemistry- Rawn,D,Pamina publications,2004 8.Textbook of biochemistry-West,Todd,Mason,VanBrergen,4th edn. Oxford&IBH,1966.

9.Biochemistry-Satyanarayan.U,Books &Allied(P) Ltd.,2003.

10. Biochemistry-Champe;P,3rd Edn.,Lippincott Willams&Wilkins,2005.

11.Biochemistry-Zubay;G,3rdEdn.,Pearson Education P.Ltd,2003

46

MTI - 402

ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1: Introduction to enzymes

40hrs 09

Chemical nature, apoenzyme, coenzyme ,cofactor ,prosthetic group.Nomenclature – IUB system of classification -Six main classes with examples. Activation energy, isoenzymes (LDH) Ribozymes, Metalloenzymes, Zymogen, multienzyme Complex (PDH) ,factors affecting enzyme activity

UNIT 2: Mechanism of enzyme action and regulation

09

Specificity, type of enzyme specificity, Active site,Models of enzyme action – Lock and key, induced fit, transition state theory. Mechanism of enzyme action – covalent catalysis, metal ion catalysis, acid base catalysis, proximity & orientation effect.

Regulation – covalent modification, regulatory enzymes ,allosteric

regulation (ATCase), Feedback inhibition ,Zymogen activation.

UNIT 3: Enzyme Kinetics & Inhibition

09

Steady state Kinetics, Derivation and significance of Michaelis Menten equation, Line werver-Burke Plot, Single and double Displacement Reactions, Cooperatively with respect to oxygen binding by hemoglobin. Inhibition – Reversible and Irreversible – Competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive inhibition (characteristics and examples)

UNIT 4: Enzyme purification ,characterization and assay

09

Isolation and purification of enzymes – intracellular localization homogenization techniques,dialysis, salt precipitation, centrifugation, lyophilization, criteria of purity – SDS – PAGE, Zymograph. Characterization of active site- use of substrate analogs, modification by chemical methods, treatment by proteases, site directed mutations, enzyme assay – coupled, continuous, end – point, immuno and kinetic assays. Enzyme units ,specific activity, Katal, International units

47

UNIT 5: Applications of Enzymes –

04

Immobilized enzymes, Biosensors, diagnostic enzymes & enzyme therapy, industrial enzymes,designer enzymes, Abzymes.

Recommended Books: 1. Enzymes-Palmer;T,Affiliated East West Press Pvt.Ltd.,2004.

2. Biochemistry- Stryer,Berg,6th Edition,W.H.Freeman and Co.,2007.

3. Biochemistry-Metzler;DE,2nd Edn.,Academic press,2001.

4. Lehninger’ Principles of biochemistry-Nesson,Cox,4th Edn., W.H.Freeman and Co.,2005.

5. Biochemistry –Voet;D,Voet;J,3rd Edn.John Wiley and sonsInc.,2004.

6. Outlines of Biochemistry-Conn;E,Stumpf,5th Edn. ,Tata-McGraw Hill,1988.

7. Harper’s

Principles

of

Biochemistry-Murray,Gardener,Mayes,Rodwell,27th

Edn.McGraw Hill Education,206 8. Enzyme Biotechnology- Tripathi;G,ABD Publishers,2003.

9

Enzyme Technology, M.F. Chaplin and C. Bucke, Cambridge University Press

10 Industrial Enzymes & their applications, H. Uhlig, John Wiley and Sons Inc

48

MTI - 403

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PROKARYOTES

UNIT 1 :

40 hrs

05

Nucleic acids structure, Identification of DNA as genetic material, Types of DNA (A, B and Z DNA), Types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).

UNIT 2:

04

Structure and organization of prokaryotic genome, Properties of DNA, Chemical and physical properties, Spectroscopic and Thermal properties, DNA supercoiling

UNIT 3:

06

DNA recombination, Molecular mechanism and models of recombination, Homologous recombination, Site-specific recombination, Transposition

UNIT 4:

04

Mutagens and mutagenic agents, DNA damage and repair

UNIT 5:

24

Central dogma of molecular biology: DNA replication, Strategies of replication, Mechanism and the enzymes involved, Lagging and leading strands, Models of replication (Theta, Rolling circle). Transcription: Mechanism and steps involved (Initiation, Elongation and Termination), Regulation of transcription, Lac operonPositive and negative control, Trp operon- Repression, attenuation and antitermination, Regulon, Viral strategies for transcription control. Translation: Cell components involved (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA), Ribosomes (structure and composition), Genetic code and wobble hypothesis, Steps Involved (Initiation,

49

Elongation and Termination), Translational control and post translational modifications.

Recommended Books:

1) Molecular Biology; David Freifelder, Narosa Publishing House,2nd edition (2004) 2) Microbial Genetics; David Freifelder,

Narosa Publishing House, 2nd

edition(2004) 3) Principles of Gene Manipulations; S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman, R. W. old, Blackwell Science,6th Edition (2003).

4) Gene VIII; Benjamin Lewin; Oxford Univ. Press ,8th edition (2004) 5) Advanced Molecular Biology ;R. M. Twyman, 1st Edition , (2003) 6) Instant Notes on Molecular Biology; P.C. Turner, A. G. Mclennan, A. D. Bates & M. R. H. White, 2nd Edition (2002)

50

MTI - 404:

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF EUKARYOTES

UNIT 1: Eukaryotic chromosomes

40hrs

03

Structure, Banding patterns Specialized structures – lampbrush and Polytene chromosomes.

UNIT 2: Concept of chromatin

03

Heterochromatin and Euchromatin - properties and functions, Factors involved in heterochromatin formation.

UNIT 3: Nucleosomes and higher order chromatin

03

Types and assembly of histone proteins, Formation of higher order chromatin, Regulation of chromatin structure.

UNIT 4: Eukaryotic genome complexity

09

C value paradox, Cot analysis and coding potential, repetitive/satellite DNA , Gene clusters, pseudogenes, Short and Long Interspersed Elements(SINES & LINES), alu families and their significance, split genes, introns/exons and overlapping genes.

UNIT 5: Modification of DNA

03

Methylation of DNA and its role, Invitro modification of DNA.

UNIT 6: RNA processing

05

Maturation of untranslated RNAs, End-modification and methylation of mRNA, RNA splicing, RNA editing, Post-processing regulation.

51

UNIT 7: Catalytic RNA

04

Group-I Introns, Ribozymes, Group- II Introns, Viroids, RNA editing by guide ………RNAs, Autocatalytic protein splicing

UNIT 8: Homologous recombination in Eukaryotes

03

Homologous recombination during meiosis, Mating type switching, Genetic consequences

UNIT 9: Gene regulation in Eukaryotes

07

Role of Eukaryotic activators, Signal integration and combinatorial control, Transcriptional regulators by signal transduction, Histone modifications and DNA, Post-transcription initiation, Role of RNA

Recommended Books: 1) Molecular Biology; David Freifelder, Narosa Publishing House,2nd edition (2004) 2) Molecular Biology of the Gene; James Watson 5th Edition (2006) Pearsons Education.

3) Gene IX; Benjamin Lewin; Oxford Univ. Press ,9th edition (2008) 4) Advanced Molecular Biology; R. M. Twyman, 1st Edition , (2003) 5) Instant Notes on Molecular Biology; P.C. Turner, A. G. Mclennan, A. D. Bates & M. R. H. White, 2nd Edition (2002) 6) Genetics; P.K.Gupta, Rastogi Publications, 2005.

52

MTI - 405

BIOPHYSICS

40 hrs

UNIT 1: Biophysical Principles

10

Diffusion: Principles and mechanism, Diffusion across membranes. Osmosis: Principles and mechanism, Osmoregulation in plants. surface tension: Principle and mechanism, Biological importance in living cells and human body.

Ultrafiltration: Principle & mechanism, Biological importance in body.

Hydrophobic effect

UNIT 2: Biological Macromolecules

15

General principles: Configuration & Conformation, Interaction of biomolecules with water, Stabilising interaction. The structure of proteins: Helical symmetry, H bonding in secondary structures. Effect of peptide bond on protein conformation, Ramachandran plot. The structure of nucleic acid: Helical structure of Polynucleic acid, Base pairing, base stacking and torsional angles.

UNIT 3: Thermodynamics & Biophysics

10

Laws of thermodynamics and living organisms, Living body as a thermodynamic system, Biosphere as a thermodynamic system, Evolution as a thermodynamic process

UNIT 4: Membrane Biophysics

05

Membrane Structure: Lipid bilayer, Micelle, Physico chemical properties of membrane, Modification of cell membrane and change in biophysical properties, Conformational/Dynamic properties of membranes

Recommended Books: 1.A textbook of biophysics, R.N.Roy, New Central Publication, 1st edition.

2. Elementary biophysics. P.K.Srivastava Narosa Publication, 1st edition.

3. Biophysical Chemistry.Upadhyay & Nath, Himalaya publications 3rd edition.

53

4. Biological thermodynamics.Donald T.Haynie,Cambridge University Press, 1st edition.

5.Principles of Physical Biochemistry.Kensl E.van Holde, W.Curtis Johnson, P.Shing Ho, Pearson Prentice Hall,2nd edition.

6. Biophysical chemistry Part I: The conformation of biological macromolecules.

Biophysical chemistry Part III: The behavior of biological macromolecules.Cantor and Schimmel, W.H.Freeman and Company, 10th edition.

54

MTI - 406

BIOINFORMATICS (I)

40 hrs

UNIT1: Introductions to Biological Databases

03

Introduction- types, Biological databases, Information Retrieval from Biological Databases

UNIT 2: Data management of biological information.

03

Concepts, Data management concepts, Data management techniques, Challenges arising from biological data, Conclusions

UNIT 3: Mining gene expression data.

03

Concepts, Data mining methods for gene expression analysis, Clustering, Classification, Conclusion and future research

UNIT 4: Protein databases

05

Primary structure databases, Functional protein Databases, Composite sequence database, Secondary structure database, Structural classification database

UNIT 5: Analyzing DNA, RNA and protein sequences in databases

07

Introduction to biological databases, Genbank:organisms in Genbank, genomic DNA databases, cDNA databases corresponding to expressed genes, Expressed sequence tags, Sequence tagged sites, Genome survey sequences, High throughput genomic sequence

UNIT 6: NCBI: introduction,

08

Pubmed, Entrez, Blast, OMIM, Books, Taxonomy, Structure, Locuslink

UNIT 7: Protein database

09

Introduction,annotation,pattern ,family, Swissprot, Prodom, Prints, Pfam, SMART, MetaFam, iProClass, Popset

55

UNIT 8: Molecular modelling

03

Protein databank. accessing PDB entries from NCBI, SCOP: taxononomic system for protein structures, FSSP database, CATH database, modelling stimulation of protein structure insilico.

Recommended Books: 1. Introduction to Bioinformatics – Teresa Atwood and David J.Parry, Pearson smith publication (2003) 2. Introduction to Bioinformatics – lesk, Oxford press (2003) 3. Fundamental Concepts of Bioinformatics - Dan E. Krane, Michael L. Raymer, Pearson education (2004) 4. Sequence structure and Database – Des Higgins, Willice Taylor, oxford press (2003) 5. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome analysis by David W. Mount CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2004 reprint 6. Bioinformatics: Sequence, Structure and Databanks A Practical Approach, Higgins, ISBN: 0195667530, I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd 7. Bioinformatics:

Theory and

Practice,

Chikhale NJ and

Gomase VS,

ISBN:978−81−8318−831−9, Himalaya Publication House 8. Proteomics: Theory and Practice, Gomase VS and Chikhale NJ, Himalaya Publication House 9. Discovering

Genomics,

Proteomics

and

Bioinformatics,

Campbell,

ISBN:9788131715598, Pearson Education 10. Bioinformatics: Databases, Tools, and Algorithms, Orpita Bosu, Simminder Kaur, Thukral , ISBN: 9780195676839, Oxford University Press

56

Practical I: 1.

Estimation of glucose by O Toluidine method & Folin Wu method.

2.

Estimation of Calcium by EDTA method.

3.

Estimation of phosphorus by Friske-Subbarao method

4.

Estimation of lactose by Cole’s ferricyanide method.

5.

Tests for the presence of amylase, urease and catalase.

6.

Assay of amylase- Determination of Km and Vmax

7.

Effect of pH, temperature, substrate concentration and inhibitors on amylase enzymes activity.

8.

Immobilization of amylase and its assay

9.

Isolation of starch from potato

10. Isolation of casein from milk

57

Practical II 1.

Normal and Diauxic growth curve of E.coli

2.

Isolation of genomic DNA from onion

3.

Isolation of genomic DNA from cheek

4.

Isolation of genomic DNA from Blood

5.

Isolation of plasmid DNA

6.

Separation of Plasmid DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis

7.

Isolation of total RNA

8.

cDNA synthesis

9.

Isolation of fungal nucleic acid

10. Isolation of mitochondrial DNA

58

MTI - 501

ADVANCED ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

UNIT 1: Atomic absorption spectrometry

40hrs

10

Introduction to Spectrometric Methods, Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectroscopy, Atomic Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Atomic Mass Spectroscopy, Atomic X-Ray

UNIT 2: Molecular absorption spectrometry

12

Introduction to UV/Visible Molecular Spectroscopy with application, Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy, Introduction to Infrared Spectroscopy with application, Raman Spectroscopy, NMR with applications such as MRI, Molecular Mass Spectroscopy and X ray crystallography.

UNIT 3: Separation Techniques: Chromatography

07

Introduction to Chromatographic Separations, Gas Chromatography, HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS, LC-MS with applications

UNIT 4: Separation Techniques: Electrophoresis

06

Introduction to Electrophoretic separations, Acrylamide, Starch, Gelatin, agarose gels, IEF, capillary isoelectrofocussing, 2D electrophoresis, pulse fiend electrophoresis, Capillary Electrophoresis and Capillary Electrochromatography.

UNIT 5: Specialized techniques

05

MALDI-TOF-MS, Alternative methods for ionization such as SELDI, ESI, CI, FAB etc MS-MS analysis( Tandom MS).

Recommended Books 1. Principles of Instrumental Analysis “Skoog, Holler, Nieman” Thomson Brooks/Cole Publication.

59

2. Instrumental Methods Of Analysis “ Willard H. H.” Cbs Publishers & Distributors.

3. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis; “Mendham J” Dorling Kindersley (india) Pvt Ltd. 4. Analytical Chromatography by Chatwal GR, Himalaya Publishing house 5. Principles and techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology by Wilson Keith- walker John, Cambrdge University press 6. Principles and techniques of practical Biochemistry by Wilson Keith- Golding, contemptory Biology 7. Biophysical chemistry by Upadhyaya and Nath

60

MTI – 502

COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1: Food and Beverages

40hrs

10

Dairy products- cheese (Swiss, Cheddar and Camembert), Beverages – Bear & wine, Citric Acid, Mushroom, SCP – Spirulina and Yeast, Glutamic Acid, Acetic Acid, Oriental fermented foods & beverages (Koji, Meso, Soy sauce), Bakery products (Bread), Sweetners, Microbial polysac charides (Xanthon, Gellan).

UNIT 2: Agricultural Biotechnology

08

Biofertilizers: Types, process of manufacture and applications, Biopesticides: Bacterial, fungal and viral- production and applications, Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of agricultural wastes, Composting and Vermicomposting.

UNIT 3: Health related products

12

Vit. B12, Blood products- Factor VIII, Streptokinase, Anticoagulants, therapeutic proteins- Human GH, Interferons, Interleukins, insulin, erythropoietin, Nerve growth factor, synthetic Vaccines.

UNIT 4: Secondary Metabolites

04

Antibiotics:- Penicillin, streptomycin, actinomycin, cephalorphorin

UNIT 5: Biotransformation

04

Basic Concepts, Products , Steroids biotransformation.

UNIT 6: GMP , QC and Marketing aspects of biotechnology

61

02

Recommended Books: 1. Industrial Microbiology; L.M. Prescott, J.P. Harley, D.A. Klein; McGraw Hill Pub. 5th Edition, (2005).

2. Biotechnology; B.D. Singh; Kalyani Pub., 1st Edition (2003).

3. Industrial Microbiology; L.E.Casida; New Age International Pub., 1st Edition, (2004).

4. Principles of Fermentation Technology; P.F. Stanbury, A. Whitaker and S.J. Hall; Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd., 2nd Edition, (1997).

5. Biotechnology: Text Book of Industrial Microbiology; Walf Crueger and A. Crueger;

Panima Publishing Corp. 2nd Edition (2004).

62

MTI - 503

BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1: Introduction to Fermentation process.

40hrs

02

Upstream Process, Downstream Process, Range of fermentation process, Component parts of fermentation process

UNIT 2: Media for Industrial fermentations

07

Medium Sterilization. Batch Sterilization: Continuous sterilization, Fermentor Sterilization, Feed Sterilization, Filter sterilization

UNIT 3: Bioreactor Design

04

Construction material, Aeration and agitation, Sampling/ Feed port, Valves and steam traps

UNIT 4: Growth kinetics and stolchiometry

06

Batch Culture, Continuous culture, Fed Batch Culture Stolchiometric calan: Elemental Balance, Yield coefficient

UNIT 5: Types of Reactor

04

Stirred tank reactor, Acetators and Cavitators, Air Lift Reactor, Bubble Column Reactor, Packed Bed Reactor, Fluidized Bed Reactor, Photobioreactor

UNIT 6: Solid state Fermentation

06

Bioreactors in solid state fermentation.

UNIT 7: Process monitoring and control.

02

Physical and chemical sensors for medium and gases, Online/ Offline sensors

UNIT 8: Microbial interactions

06

Effluent treatment, Process Economics, Scale up procedure from lab scale to pilot scale

63

Recommended Books: 1. Biochemical Engineering (1997) Blanch HW and Clark DS, Marcel Dekker Inc., USA. 2. Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology (2007) Najafpour GD, Elsevier, Netherlands.

3. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals (1986) (2/e) Bailey JE and Ollis DF, McGraw-Hill International Editions CES, Singapore.

4. Bioprocess Engineering Principles (1995) Doran PM, Academic Press Ltd, USA. 5. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts (2002) Shuler ML and Kargi F, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., Singapore.

6. Biotechnology (1993) (2/e) Vols. 3 and 4 Rehm HJ and Reed G, VCH, Germany.

7. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol. 2 (1985) Moo-Young M, Pergamon Press Ltd., UK. 8. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology (1999) El-Mansi EMT and Bryce CFA, Taylor and Francis, USA. 9. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (1999) (2/e) Demain AL and Davies, ASM, USA. 10. Principles of Fermentation Technology (1995) (2/e) Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ, Butterworth-Hienemann Ltd., UK.

64

MTI - 504

INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM II

40hrs

UNIT 1: Lipid metabolism and disorders

14

Oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, β oxidation. role of a carnitine, ketogenesis and utilization. Biosynthesis of fatty acids, Metabolism of Triglycerides

Phospholipids

and

Sphingolipids,

cholesterol

biosynthesis,

regulation, transport, excretion, reverse cholesterol transport, formation of bile acids, lipoprotein metabolism. Disorders of lipid metabolism – plasma lipids and lipoproteins, abnormalities -hypo and hyper cholesterolemia, lipidosis, clinical inter relationship of lipids. Clinical inter-relations ships of lipids (sphigolipidosis, multiple sclerosis) ,lipoproteins and apolipopeoteins, Inherited metabolic lipid disorders – Taysach’s disease, Niemannpick’s disease,ganglisidosis ,hypo and hyper lipo proteinemia.

UNIT 2: Protein Metabolism and disorders

14

General reactions –transamination, deamination, decarboxylation, ammonia formation urea cycle, metabolic breakdown of aminoacids to amphibolic intermediates, conversion of aminoacids to specialized products – serotonin, aminobutyric acid,dopamine, epinephrine ,norepinephnine ,melanin ,creatinine and creatine, biosynthesis of non-essential aminoacids, key role of glutamate dehydrogenase in nitrogen metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism – hperammonemia,

phenylalaninemia,

alkptonuria,

phenylketonuria,

homocystinuria,cysteinemia,tyrosinemia and related disorders of aminoacidurias, Hartnups disease.

UNIT 3: Metabolism of Nucleotides and disorders

06

Purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and catabolism regulation of purine and pyrimidone

nucleotide biosynthesis. Disorders of nucleotide

metabolism

65

UNIT 4: Metabolism of porphyrins

03

Biosynthesis and Degradation of porphyrins, heme , bile pigment formation, transport and excretion.Porphyrias.

UNIT 5: Integration of metabolism

03

Inter-relationship of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism – role of acetyl CoA. and TCA cycle in the inter-relationship, interconversion of major foodstuffs. Regulation of intermediary metabolism .

Recommended Books: 1.Biochemistry- Stryer,Berg,6th Edition,W.H.Freeman and Co.,2007.

2.Biochemistry-Metzler;DE,2nd Edn.,Academic press,2001.

3.Lehninger’ Principles of biochemistry-Nelson,Cox,4th Edn., W.H.Freeman and Co.,2005.

4.Biochemistry –Voet;D,Voet;J,3rd Edn.John Wiley and sonsInc.,2004.

5 Outlines of Biochemistry-Conn;E,Stumpf,5th Edn. ,Tata-McGraw Hill,1988.

6

Harper’s

Principles

of

Biochemistry-Murray,Gardener,Mayes,Rodwell,27th

Edn.McGraw Hill Education,206 7 Biochemistry- Rawn,D,Pamina publications,2004 8.Textbook of biochemistry-West,Todd,Mason,VanBrergen,4th edn. Oxford&IBH,1966.

9.Biochemistry-Satyanarayan.U,Books &Allied(P) Ltd.,2003.

10. Biochemistry-Champe;P,3rd Edn.,Lippincott Willams&Wilkins,2005.

11. Biochemistry-Zubay;G,3rdEdn.,Pearson Education P.Ltd,2003

66

MTI - 505

GENETIC ENGINEERING - I

UNIT 1: Introduction to Genetic Engineering

40hrs

02

Scope and history, Handling of DNA, RNA Restriction Enzymes, radioactive isotopes and other corrosive, carcinogenic and inflammable chemicals/ reagents

UNIT 2: Requirement of genetic engineering

04

Isolation and purification of nucleic acids from living cells. DNA isolation: Preparation of total cell DNA from animal and plant, Preparation of Plasmid DNA, preparation of Bacteriophage DNA. RNA isolation: Total Cellular RNA, Cytoplasmic and NuclearRNA, Poly ( A+) RNA

UNIT 3: Enzymes in recombinant DNA technology

07

Nucleases, Ligases, Poylmerases, DNA modifying enzymes, Topoisomerases, Restriction endonucleases

UNIT 4: Cloning Vectors:

15

Nomenclature, properties of good vector. Vectors for E. coli: Plasmid and plasmid based vectors: BAC, Phagemids, cosmids and expression, Virus based vectors: M-13, Lambda and PAC. Vectors for eukaryotes: Yeast based vectors : 2micro m plasmid, YEp, YAC, Vectors for plants : Ti plasmid and Ri Plasmid Ca MV, vectors for Animals - SV-40, Retrovirus vectors and Vaccinia/ Bacculo virus

UNIT 5: In Vitro construction of recombinant DNA molecules Creation of r-DNA,

05

Gene Libraries – Genomic DNA and c DNA Cloning

techiniques, Selection of clones based on antibiotic, insertional inactivation, hybridization, PCR and antibody.

UNIT 6: Methods of DNA transformation in bacteria, plants and animal cells 02 Salt based method, Electroporation, Genegun, Liposome mediated, Transfection

67

Recommended Books

1. Genetic Engineering and its applications. (2004) 2/e, Joshi. P: Agrobios, India 2. Gene Cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction, (2006) 5/e . T. A. Brown, Black Well Publishing Company.

3. Principles of Gene Manipulation; S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman & R. W. old; Blackwell Science, 6th Edition (2001).

4. Essential Molecular Biology (volume I) Practical Approach; Edited By T. A. Brown; Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition (2001).

5. Molecular Cloning lab manual; Joseph Sambrook, David W. Russell, cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 3rd Edition (2001)

68

MTI - 506

BIOINFORMATICS (II)

40hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction to Biological Databases

05

Database : Types, Overview of Biological Databases and Information retrieval from biological databases for example (Nucleic acid databases: Genbank, Protein Databases-

Swissprot)

Sequence

Formats,

Sequence

storage,

Sequence

submission to sequence Database.

UNIT 2: Pairwise Sequence Alignment

15

Alignment Types: Local alignment, Global alignment, Scoring matrices- PAM, BLOSUM, Gaps, Types of Gaps. Dot Plots. Dynamic programming Approach: Needleman and Wunsch Algorithm, Smith and waterman Algorithm, Viterbi Algorithm, Heuristic Approach: BLAST, FASTA.

UNIT 3: Multiple Sequence Alignment:

10

Exhaustive Algorithm- Divide and Conquer alignment, Heuristic Algorithm: Progressive Alignment- ClustalW, Tcoffee, Iterative Alignment- PRRN, Block based method- Match-Box, DIALIGN2

UNIT 4: Introduction to Protein Structure Prediction

10

Secondary structure prediction for Globular and Trans-membrane proteins, 3DProtein Structure file format: PDB, mmCIF, MMDB, Methods of Tertiary structure prediction: Threading and fold recognition methods, Homology modeling, Fold recognition databases.

Recommended Books: 1. Introduction to Bioinformatics – Teresa Atwood and David J.Parry, Pearson smith publication 1st edition (2003) 2. Fundamental Concepts of Bioinformatics - Dan E. Krane, Michael L. Raymer, Pearson education First edition (2004)

69

3. Sequence structure and Database – Des Higgins, Willice Taylor, oxford press 1st edition (2003) 4. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins, by Andreas D. Baxevanis, B. F. Francis Ouellette, Wiley-Interscience, 3rd Edition, 2004 5. Sequence and Genome Analysis by David W. Mount - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1st edition ;2004 6. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics;by Jonathan Pevsner;Wiley-Liss 1st edition, 2003 7. Introduction to Bioinformatics; Arthur M. Lesk; Oxford University Press, 2003

70

Practical I 1. Estimation of protein by – Biuret, Folin Lowry method 2. Estimation of RNA – Orcinol method 3. Estimation of DNA – DPA method 4. Electrophoretic separation of proteins from various sources: native PAGE, SDS PAGE. 5. Isolation and separation of chloroplast by sucrose density gradient centrifugation 6. Isolation and seperation of plant pigments by column chromatography 7. Bacterial transformation 8. Bacterial conjugation 9. Restriction digestion of isolated DNA 10. Immuno electrophoresis 11. Serum electrophoresis

71

Practical II 1. Introduction to computer 2. Introduction to MS-Office (MS-WOrd, Excel, PowerPoint), 3. MS-DOS 4. Internet and Web browsing 5. Database Searching using Entrez and SRS search Engine.

6. Study of Databases and Data retrieval: 7. Genome Databases, 8. Sequence Database, 9. Secondary Databases, 10. Taxonomy Databases, 11. Bibliographic Database, 12. Metabolic Pathway Databases

72

MTI - 601

MOLECULAR CELL SIGNALING

UNIT 1 : Overview of cell signaling

40hrs

06

Forms of cell signaling - Autocrine, Juxtacrine, Paracrine, Endocrine, Synaptic.

Signaling machinery and pathways - Concept of signal / ligand (agonist and antagonist), Concept of receptor (extracellular / intracellular), Ligand – Receptor interaction, Pathway operatives / cascades, Signal amplification, Regulation of inter and intra cellular signaling, Membrane anchoring

UNIT 2 : Cell – cell interaction

04

Junctions - Tight, Anchoring, Communicating. Adhesion molecules Cadherins, Integrins, Selectins, Ig superfamily

UNIT 3 : Receptors and characterization

15

G-protein – Structure, Mechanism of activation. Enzyme linked - Receptor Guanylyl Cyclase, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptor, Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatases, Receptor Serine – Threonine Kinase, Hitidine Kinase ( Cell Adaptation). Steroids receptors, Channels and pumps - Na – K ATPase, ABC transporters, Secondary Transporters, ACHR, Sodium, Potassium channel. Techniques of receptor characterization - Patch – Clamp Techniques, Hormone Binding Assay

UNIT 4 : Secondary Messengers

05

cAMP, cGMP, Phosphoinositides, Ca2+ , DAG, Other lipid messengers, Nitric Oxide

UNIT 5 : Kinase Cascades

05

Division (MAPK), Differentiation (BOSS / Drosophila eye), Survival (PI3K), Development (NF-KB)

73

UNIT 6 : Inhibition of signal transduction pathways or targets of drugs

02

Cholera, Whooping Cough, Steroidal and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Sidenafil citrate

UNIT 7: Signaling in plants

03

Ethylene, phytochrome, meristem differentiation.

Recommended Books: 1. Alberts et al. (1994) Molecular Biology of the Cell (3/e) Garland Science Publishing, UK 2. Alberts et al. (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell (4/e) Garland Science Publishing, UK 3. Helmreich (2005) The Biochemistry of cell signaling Oxford University Press, India 4. Lehninger et al. (2004) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4/e) WH Freeman and Co., USA 5. Stryer et al, (2002) Biochemistry (5/e) WH Freeman and Co., USA

74

MTI – 602

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT 1 : Host microbe interaction

40hrs

04

Host parasite relations. Infections: sources, basic types of clinical infections with examples.

UNIT 2 : Clinical infections in host

04

Establishment, spread and pathologic effects, Patterns of Infection, Signs and symptoms- warning signals of disease, Portal of exit, Persistence of Microbe and Pathologic conditions

UNIT 3 : Epidemiology of infectious diseases

06

Terminology – Epidemiology, Virulence and mode of transmission, Microbial virulence factors – Enzymes, Endotoxin, Enterotoxin (Salmonella), Exotoxin

UNIT 4 : Specific infections

26

All diseases of each system with emphasis on: Etiology and transmission, Pathogenesis and clinical Manifestation, Lab diagnosis, treatment and Prevention.

Respiratory tract infections- URT – Candidiasis, Pharyngitis. LRT – Tuberculosis, Influenza. Urinary tract infections - List of organisms related to Pyelonephritis, Concept of Catheterization. Sexually transmitted infections – Syphilis, AIDS. Gastrointestinal tract infections- Bacterial: E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Viral: Rotaviruses, Protozoan: E. histolytica, Food poisoning cases of Staphylococcus and Clostridium.Central nervous system- Bacterial: Meningitidis, Viral: Poliomyelitis / Rabies. Skin infections – Leprosy, Vector borne – Malaria, Fungal infection: Dermatophytosis and Candidiasis

Recommended Books: 1. Anantnarayan, Medical Microbiology, 6th ed. Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd. 2. Brock, Biology of Microorganisms, 11th ed., Pearson Education limited.

75

3. Greenwood, Slack and Peutheren, Medical Microbiology,

1997, 15th ed.

Churchill Livingstone Publication 4. Jawetz et al, Review of Medical Microbiology 5. Mims et al, Medical Microbiology, 3rd ed. Mosby Publication 6. Playfair J., Bancroft G, Infection and Immunity, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press.

7. Talarao and Talarao: Foundations in Microbiology, 2000, 3rd / 4th ed., McGraw Hill publication

76

MTI - 603

DOWN STREAM PROCESSING

40hrs

UNIT 1 : Introduction to down stream processing

03

Role and Importance of downstream processing in Biotechnological processes, Characterization of Fermentation broth

UNIT 2 : Release of Intracellular Components

06

Mechanical Cell Disruption, Cell Disruption by bead Mill, Cell Disruption by Homogenizer, Nonmechanical Cell Disruption, Enzymatic Cell Lysis, Chemical Cell Lysis, Physical Cell Lysis

UNIT 3 : Solid Liquid Separation

06

Filtration, Introduction to filtration, filtermedia, Types of filters, Fundamentals for Pressure Filtration (Darcy Law), Sedimentation - Introduction to Sedimentation,

Fundamentals

of

sedimentation

Rate

(Stokes

Law).

Centrifugation - Introduction to Centrifugation, Types of Centrifuges, Fundamentals of centrifugation (Modified Stokes Law).

UNIT 4 : Concentration of Products I

08

Evaporation – Introduction, Types of evaporators. Extraction - Introduction to Liquid liquid extraction, Extraction Fundamental, Phase Equilibrium and distribution, Aqueous Two Phase extraction, Supercritical fluid extraction.

Membrane Processes - Fundamentals of membrane separation, Ultafiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Cross Flow Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration, Diafiltration.

UNIT 5 : Concentration of Products II

06

Precipitation - Fundamentals of protein precipitation, Precipitation Techniques Isoelectric precipitation, Salting Out/ Salting In, Precipitation with organic solvents, Precipitation with Organic Polymers, Dialysis, Electrodialysis.

77

UNIT 6 : Purification

08

General Chromatographic theory. Zone spreading, resolution, plate height Concept. Adsorption Chromatography, Ion Exchange chromatography, Gel Filtration Chromatography, Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography, Affinity Chromatography.

UNIT 7 :Crystallization

01

UNIT 8 : Drying

01

Lyophilization, Spray drying, Tray Drying.

UNIT 9 : Economics of downstream Processing

01

Recommended Books: 11. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol. 2 (1985) Moo-Young M, Pergamon Press Ltd., UK. 12. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology (1999) El-Mansi EMT and Bryce CFA, Taylor and Francis, USA. 13. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (1999) (2/e) Demain AL and Davies, ASM, USA. 14. Principles of Fermentation Technology (1995) (2/e) Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ, Butterworth-Hienemann Ltd., UK. 15. Biotechnology: Text Book of Industrial Microbiology; Walf Crueger and A. Crueger;

Panima Publishing Corp. 2nd Edition (2004).

16. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts (2002) Shuler ML and Kargi F, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., Singapore.

17. Biotechnology (1993) (2/e) Vols. 3 and 4 Rehm HJ and Reed G, VCH, Germany.

78

MTI - 604

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1 : Plant Tissue Culture

40hrs

04

Introduction, History, Concept of cellular totipotency. Morphogenesis, Culture conditions, medium & its constituents. Method of Sterilization

UNIT 2 : Applications of plant tissue culture- I

06

Callus culture. Cell Suspension culture. Somaclonal variation. Secondary metabolite production from plant cell cultures.

UNIT 3 : Applications of plant tissue culture-II

10

Micropropagation - Pathways and steps, Introduction to commercial micropropagation. Embryo culture, embryo rescue, meristem culture. Anther culture & Ovary culture. Protoplast Culture and Somatic hybridization. Somatic embryogenesis and Synthetic seeds

UNIT 4 : Methods of genetic engineering in plants

03

Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation. Direct methods of gene transfer

UNIT 5 : Genetic manipulation in plants for the following traits

10

Herbicide resistance. Male sterility. Virus resistance, resistance towards fungal pathogens. Insect resistance. Genetic engineering of plants for improvement of crop yield and quality. Genetic engineering for introducing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Genetic engineering of nitrogen fixing bacteria; nif genes and it control.

79

UNIT 6 :

07

Molecular farming - Production of modified carbohydrate, oil and recombinant proteins, vaccines in plants. Molecular markers in crop improvement Detection of genetic diversity, Marker assisted selection and breeding.

Recommended Books :

1. Biotechnology: Fundamentals & Applications by S.S.Purohit, Agrobios Ltd. (2001) 2. Trends in Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology; L K Pareek and P L Swarnkar; Published by AgroBios India (2002).

3. Plant Tissue Culture- Theories and Practices; S. S. Bhojwani and M K Rajdhan; Published by Elsevier, (1996).

4. Methods in Plant Tissue Culture; U Kumar; AgroBios India, (2003) 5. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture Fundamental Methods; O L Gamborge; Published by Narosa, New Delhi (2004) 6. Plant Biotechnology: The genetic manipulation of plants; A. Slater, N. Scott, M. Fowler; Published by Oxford University press, New York (2003) 7. Transgenic Plants; V. Ranjan, Agrobios

80

MTI - 605

GENETIC ENGINEERING- II

UNIT 1: Production of therapeutic agents:

40hrs

12

Engineering human interferon and human growth hormone, r-haematopoeitic growth factors, r-insulin, interleukins, interferon, r-tissue type plsminogen, rhuman deoxyribonuclease, Enzymes – DNAase I and Alginate lyase against cystic fibrosis., Subunit vaccines –Peptide vaccines, , Atteneuated vaccines – Vector vaccines.

UNIT 2: Synthesis of commercial products:

04

Restriction endonucleases, Small biomolecules, Ascorbic acid, Biopolymers.

UNIT 3: Application of plant genetic engineering:

12

Developing insect-resistance, disease-resistance and herbicide resistance in plants and delaying fruit ripening. Developing stress and senescence-tolerance in plants oxidative, salt and submergence stress. Genetic manipulation of flower pigmentation. Developing quality of seed storage. Provitamin A. Modification of food plant taste and appearance, yield increase in plants, Wild plant relatives as a source of novel genes, Plants as bioreactor

- antibodies, polymers, foreign

proteins in seeds. Genome mapping efforts in rice & maize and its potential applications UNIT 4: Forensic medicine

07

Criminal investigation (personal identification), Immigration, Paternity dispute, Identification of missing children, bodies found in plane crash, road accidents etc, Varietal identification of plants

81

UNIT 5: Molecular Diagnostics: Importance

and

advantageous,

07 Hybridization

based

methods,

Reverse

hybridization methods, Diagnostics based on DNA chips and Micro-arrays, PCR based methods, Diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis by multiplex PCR , Detection of Thalassemia mutation using ARMS-PCR, Detection of Fragile X syndrome by FMR-1 gene trinucleotide repeat analysis, To distinguish patient and donor cells as different using hypervariable tandem repeat polymorphic DNA markers, Identification of bacterial species based on the sequences of their 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Nucleic acid amplification-End-point PCR Qualitative. Real time PCR Qualitative and Quantitative. SNP based detection: Ligation assay by probe ligation and amplification (e. g. MLPA). Sequencing based detection

Recommended Books: 1. Comprehensive Biotechnology by Moo-Young, Murray 2. Plant biotechnology In Agriculture : K. Lindsey and M.G.K. Jones (1990), Prentice hall, New Jersey.

3. Agricultural Biotechnology by Arie Altman. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New. York, USA. 1998. 770 pp 4. Transgenic Plants Vol. 1 & 2 : S-d. Kung and R. Wu (1993), Academic Press, San Diego 5. Nano Materials by A k Bandyopadhyay, New age International Publisher 6. Plant Cell Culture, Advances in Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology.

Anderson, L.A., 7. Human Molecular Genetics. Strachan & Read. 3rd Edition.

8. Genetic Engineering and its applications. (2004) 2/e, Joshi. P: Agrobios, India

82

9. Gene Cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction, (2006) 5/e . T. A. Brown, Black Well Publishing Company.

10. Principles of Gene Manipulation; S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman & R. W. old; Blackwell Science, 6th Edition (2001).

83

MTI - 606

COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY I

UNIT 1: Molecular basis of evolution

40 hrs

03

Evolutionary tree of life,Mechanism of evolution, Structure and Functions of Genes, Mutational Changes of DNA sequences

UNIT 2: Evolutionary Change of Amino acid Sequences

05

Amino acid Differences and proportion of different Amino acids, Poisson Correlation Gamma Distances, Bootstrap variances and Covariances, Amino acid substitution Matrix, Mutation rate and substitution rate

UNIT 3: Evolutionary change of DNA sequences

05

Nucleotide differences Between sequences, Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions, Sequence alignment and evolutionary distances, Evolutionary significance of genetic polymorphism

UNIT 4: Phylogenetic Trees

03

Types of Phylogenetics trees, Topological differences, Tree building Methods

UNIT 5: Distance based tree building methods

06

UPGMA, Least Squares methods, Minimum evolution methods, Neighbor joining

UNIT 6 : Character based tree building methods

06

Strategies of searching for MP trees, Weighted Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood Methods, Computational procedure of ML methods, Protein likelihood methods, Parameter estimation for a given topology

UNIT7: Phylogenetic information analysis

07

Phylogenetic information and the need for a phylogenetic database, The Tree of Life Web Project, Tree pattern matching in phylogenetic trees, Automatic search

84

for orthologs or paralogs, BranchClust: A phylogenetic algorithm for selecting gene families, Phyutility: a phyloinformatics tool for trees, alignments and molecular data, Phylofinder- A search engine for tree databases

UNIT 8: Statistical analysis and test of phylogenetic trees

05

Topological error and test of topological differences, Interior branch test and Bootstrap analysis, Advantages and disadvantages of tree building methods

Recommended Books: 1. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics, Masatoshi Nei and Sudhir Kumar, ISBN13: 978-0195135855, Oxford University Press India 2. The Phylogenetic Handbook: A Practical Approach to DNA and Protein Phylogeny, Marco Salemi and Anne-Mieke Vandamme, ISBN-13: 9780521803908, Cambridge University Press India Private Limited 3. Proteomics: Theory and Practice, Gomase VS and Chikhale NJ, Himalaya Publication House 4. Phylogenetics: The Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics, E. O. Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-471-05975-2, John Wiley & Sons India Pte. Ltd. 5. Bioinformatics:

Theory and

Practice,

Chikhale NJ and

Gomase VS,

ISBN:978−81−8318−831−9, Himalaya Publication House 6. Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach, Roderick D.M. Page and Edward C. Holmes, ISBN-13: 978-0865428898, John Wiley & Sons India Pte. Ltd. 7. Computational in Phylogenetic Analysis, Arun Jagota and Majid Masso, ISBN13: 978-0970029768, The Bay Press.

8. Biological Sequence Analysis: Probabilistic Models of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Richard Durbin and Sean R. Eddy, ISBN-13: 978-0521629713, Cambridge University Press India Private Limited.

85

Practical I 1. Introduction to plant tissue culture laboratory and equipments 2. Preparation of plant tissue culture media 3. Establish the cultures from suitable explants to demonstrate various pathways of micropropagation: Axillary shoot bud proliferation In vitro adventitious shoot bud differentiation Callus induction and callus organogenesis 4. Inoculate the tissue culture raised shoots on suitable medium for in vitro and ex vitro rooting 5. Hardening and acclimatization of in vitro raised rooted shoots 6. Encapsulate the shoot buds/ seeds to demonstrate the production of synthetic seeds 7. Perform anther culture to demonstrate the production of haploid plants 8. Perform meristem culture to demonstrate the production of virus-free plants 9.

Effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction : effect of harmone variation : effect of charcoals

10. Embryo Culture

86

Practical II 1. DNA amplification using PCR: RAPD, Single locus 2. Ligation of vector and foreign DNA using Kit 3. Cloning of ligated product or PCR product in the host bacterium 4. Separation and isolation of PCR product on/from agarose gel 5. Transfer of DNA fragments from agarose gel to nylon membrane and detection using chemiluminence (Southern blot) 6. Detection of genetic variation among the DNA using RFLP 7. Isolation and identification of microorganisms causing respiratory tract infection 8. Isolation and identification of microorganisms causing gastrointestinal tract infection 9. Isolation and identification of microorganisms causing urinary tract infection 10. Antibiotic Sensitivity tests using disc, cup and ditch method 11. Qualitative / quantitative Widal and VDRL tests

87

MTI - 701

ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1 : Introduction to animal cell culture

40hrs

05

Historical Background. In-vitro and in-vivo cell metabolism. In-vitro growth promoting factors : Physiological and nutritional factors, Growth factors [EGF, FGF, PDGF, NGF, IGF, CSF, Erythropoietin], Hormones

UNIT 2 : Prerequisites of cell culture

05

Balanced salt solution. Media for culturing cells and tissues – Natural, Artificial. Sterilization procedures. Bioethical issues related to animal biotechnology

UNIT 3 : Establishment of Cultures and their maintenance

08

Initiation of primary cultures from anchorage dependant and non- anchorage dependant cells. Routine maintenance of cultured cells. Detection and prevention of contamination. Established cell lines- origin and properties and cell-transformation. Commonly used cell lines- origin and characteristics. Organ Cultures

UNIT 4 : Analysis of cell growth

03

Growth kinetics of primary and established cultures. Characterization of cell lines. Measurement of cell death in-vitro

UNIT 5 : Specialized culture techniques

05

In-vitro generation of lymphocytes from embryonic stem cells. Isolation and culture of skeletal muscle myofibres as means to analyze satellite cells.

Artificial Skin.

Culture of human and rat Schwann cells. Long-term

preservation of animal cells/ cell lines.

88

UNIT 6 : Scaling up of animal cells

02

Bioreactors for monolayer cultures. Bioreactors for suspension cultures.

Immobilized cultures - Immurement cultures, Entrapment cultures

UNIT 7 : Applications of animal biotechnology

06

Use of cell culture for production of a regulatory protein. Use of cell culture for production of a hormone (e.g. Insulin). Use of cell culture for production of vaccines. Cell hybridization and human hybridization. Use of cell culture in drug targeting and drug toxicity analysis. Transplantation of cultured cells

UNIT 8 : Stem cell Biotechnology

03

Types and characteristics of stem cells. Culture conditions/equipments essential for embryonic stem cell cultures. Use of stem cell cultures for treatment of genetic disorders

UNIT 9 : Transgenic animals

03

Methods of transgenesis. Vectors involved. Biopharmaceutical applications of transgenic animals.

Recommended books : 1. C. Helgasson; Basic cell culture protocols, 3rd edition, Human press 2. E. D. Rang, H.P. Dale, M.M. Ritter; Pharmacology, 5th edition 3. J. Mather and d. Barnes; Animal cell culture methods, Elsevier, vol 57 4. J.R.W. Masters; Animal Cell Culture- A practical approach, Oxford university press 5. J. Paul Basic Protocols in cell and tissue culture 6. M. Butler; Animal cell technology-Principles and products, Open University press 7. M. Butler and M. Dawson, Cell culture lab fax, Bios scientific Pvt. Ltd. 8. M. Cylnes; Animal cell culture techniques, Springer Verlag 9. M.M. Young; Animal Biotechnology, Pergamon press, Oxford

89

10. N. Jenkins; Animal cell biotechnology-Methods and protocols, Human Press 11. R.I. Freshney; Culture of animal cells: A manual of basic techniques, John Wiley and sons, 4th edition.

90

MTI - 702

NEUROBIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE

40 hrs

UNIT 1 : Overview of the Nervous system and anatomy of the Nervous system 02

UNIT 2: Introduction to Neurobiology

04

The neuron. Electrophysiology of the Neuron. Electrical signals. Membrane permeability. Channels and pumps. Synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitterneurotransmitter receptors and their effects. Synaptic plasticity.

UNIT 3 : Modulation of movement

02

Construction of Neural Circuits. Modification of Brain Circuits.

UNIT 4 : Electrical Signaling and Neurons communication

06

Electrical Signaling within the Neuron. The chemical senses. Spinal cord circuits and motor control. Descending control of spinal cord circuitry.

Introduction to Synaptic transmission. Synaptic integration & Modulation.

Neurotransmitters and their release.

UNIT 5 : Neurophysiology and Cognition

02

Sensory Systems, Motor Systems

UNIT 6 : Study of Behaviour

02

Various approaches, innate behaviour, learned behaviour UNIT 7 : Core Competency and

Building Positive Attitude

05

Self confidence, Self image. Meaning and nature of attitude. Components and Types of attitude. Importance and relevance of attitude

UNIT 8 :Thinking as a tool for Problem Solving and Plan of Action

05

What is thinking: The Mind/Brain/Behavior. Critical Thinking and Learning.

Making Predictions and Reasoning. Construction of POA. Monitoring.

Reviewing and analyzing the outcome.

91

UNIT 9 : Creative Thinking

03

Definition and meaning of creativity. The nature of creative thinking Convergent and Divergent thinking, Idea generation and evaluation (Brain Storming).

UNIT 10 : Interpersonal Relationship Development

03

Importance of Interpersonal Relationships. Interpersonal Relationships Skills.

Impression Management:Meaning & Components of Impression Management.

Impression Management Techniques(Influencing Skills)

UNIT 11 : Teams

03

Meaning and nature of teams. External and internal factors effecting team.

Leadership- styles in organization, Leadership in Teams

UNIT 12 : Managing Personal Effectiveness

03

Setting goals to maintain focus. Dimensions of personal effectiveness ( self disclosure, openness to feedback and perceptiveness). Time management.

Identifying long-term goals.

Recommended Books: 1. Neurobiology:Molecules,Cell and Systems.(second-edition), GaryG.Matthews,Blackwell Science.

2. Vangelist L. Anita, Mark N. Knapp, Inter Personal Communication and Human Relationships: Third Edition.

3. Bates, A. P. and Julian, J.: Sociology - Understanding Social Behaviour.

4. Phil Lowe Koge Page: Creativity and Problem Solving.

92

5. Dick, Mc Cann & Margerison, Charles: Team Management, 1992 Edition.

6. Geoff Petty: How to be better at creativity?

7. Organizational Behaviour, Davis, K.

93

MTI - 703

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

40 hrs

UNIT 1 : Laboratory principles and instrumentation in clinical biochemisty 02 Automation-instrumental concepts, chemical reaction phase, measurement, approaches, selection of instruments. Quality assurance-control of pre-analytical variables, control of analytical variables, external and internal quality control measurements. Collection and preservation of biological specimen such as blood, urine, CSF, bile, saliva and faeces.

UNIT 2 : Body fluids

10

Blood-composition cells,anticoagulants,blood clotting (extrinsic and intrinsic), disorders

of

blood

–anemias,

haemoglobinopathies,

agranulocytosis,

thrombocytopenia, haemostatis and thrombosis. Total and differential count of WBC’s, RBC counting ,prothrombin time hematocrit. Urine-normal and abnormal constituents. CSF, ascitic fluid, lymph-chemistry, composition, function.

UNIT 3 : Disorders of acid base balance and minerals

05

Acidosis, alkalosis, hyper and hypocalcimeia, hypo and hyper natremia, hypo and hyperkalemia,

UNIT 4 : Hormonal disturbances

08

Protein hormones-anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary hormones, steroid hormones-adrenocortial steroids, reproductive hormones.

UNIT 5 : Organ function tests Assessment

and

15 clinical

manifestations

of

renal,hepatic,thyroid,

pancreatic,gastric and intestinal functions. Bilirubin

metabolism. Clinical

presentation and diagnosis of various organ diseases. Prenatal detection of

94

inborn errors of metabolismin the foetus and and the heterozygous carriers by enzyme assays in amniotic fluid, plasma cells and biopsy specimens.

Recommended Books: 1. Practical Biochemistry-Plummer,D,3rd Edn.,Tata McGraw Hill publishing Co.,1988 2.

Laboratory

Manual

of

Biochemistry-Jayaraman

J,New

publication,1981.

3. Practical Biochemisty-Swahney, Singh, Narosa Publication,2005.

4. Practical Clinical Biochemistry-Varley;H,CBS publications

95

age

international

MTI – 704

FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1 : Introduction to Food Science

40 hrs

02

Dimensions of food science, Food processing Industry, Food Science education

UNIT 2 : Food components

08

Role of carbohydrates in foods, Role of lipids in foods, Role of proteins in foods and food enzymes, Importance of water in food, water activity and shelf-life of food, Food pigments and colours, Vitamins and Minerals in food

UNIT 3 : Microorganisms in foods

09

Microbial growth pattern, physical and chemical factors influencing microbial growth, Types of micro- organisms associated with food- Bacteria, Mold, Yeast.

Biochemical changes caused by micro-organisms,deterioration of various types of food products. Food poisoning and microbial toxins

UNIT 4 : Food Processing

06

Scope and importance of food processing: national and international perspectives.Principles and methods of food preservation - Heat Preservation, Refrigeration & Freezing, Dehydration/ Concentration, Radiation processing, Canning, Fermentation

UNIT 5 : Food Products

08

Milk product processing – cream, butter, cheese, cheese spread, condensed milk, evaporated milk, whole and skimmed milk powder, ice-cream, paneer, dairy based beverages, yoghurt and whey products. Technology of meat, fish and poultry products – aging, pickling and smoking of meat. Canning, smoking freezing and dehydration of fish. Preservation of nutritive value and functional properties of eggs by different methods. Technology of bread, biscuits and cakes. Preparation of fruit and fresh juices, syrups, jams, jellies, pickles and

96

vinegar production. Processing of tea, coffee and cocoa. Process of making protein isolates and concentrates.

UNIT 6 : Food biotechnology

07

Applications of genetics to food production. Methods of molecular cloning.

Immobilization of microbial and cultured plant cells.Industrial production of pectinase, amino acids, vitamins, proteases, amylase, single cell protein.

Production of food flavour and colour. Regulatory and social aspects of biotechnology of foods.

Recommended books : 1. Bender, A.E. 1978. Food Processing and Nutrition. Academic Press, London.

2. Fellow, P. and Ellis H. 1990. Food Processing Technology: Principles and Practice, New York.

3. Jelen, P. 1985. Introduction to Food Processing. Prentice Hall, Reston Virginia, USA. 4. Jay J.M. 1986. Modern Food Microbiology. 3rd Edn. VNR, New York.

5. Birch, G.G., Cameron, A.G. and spencer, M. 1986. Food Science, 3rd Ed. Pergamon Press, New York.

6. Fannema, O.R. Ed. 1976. Principles of Food Science: Part- 1 Food Science.

Marcel Dekker, New York.

7. Meyer, L.H. 1973. Food Chemistry. East- West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

8. Scicharow, S. and Griffin, R.C. 1970. Food Packaging. AI, Westport.

9. Crueger, W. and Crueger A. 1984. Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology. Science Tech. Madison, USA. 10. Knorr, D. 1982. Food Biotechnology. Macel Dekker, New York.

97

11. Early, R. (1998) The Technology of Diary Products. Blackie Academic and Professional, London.

12. Byong H. Lee (1996) Fundamentals of Food Biotechnology, VCH Publishers, NY. 13. Dey, S. (1994) Outline sof Dairy Technology, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

14. Srivastava, R. P. and Kumar, S. (1998) Fruit and Vegetable Preservation: Principles and Practices, 2nd Ed. International Book Distributing Co. Lucknow.

98

MTI – 705

MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS

UNIT 1 : Introduction Introduction to

40 hrs

02 pathogenesis, components of microbial pathogenicity,

epidemiology

UNIT 2 : Host defenses I

02

Host defense against pathogens, clinical importance of understanding host defense, body’s first line of defense like skin and mucosal membranes, special defenses of mucosal membranes, eyes, intestinal tract, urinogenital tract.

UNIT 3 : Host defenses II

03

Defense of tissue and blood, cellular defenses (defensive cells, phagocytes and phagocytosis, inflammation; acute and chronic, repair and regeneration).

UNIT 4 : Host- pathogen interaction

04

Virulence and virulence factors, colonising virulence factors, virulence factors damaging the host tissues, virulence genes and regulation of the virulence genes.

UNIT 5 : Experimental methods

04

Experimental methods to study host-pathogen interaction, selecting the pathogen model, measurement of virulence, identification of potential virulence factors

UNIT 6 : Vaccines and other approaches to modulation of immune response 02 Modulation of immune response by vaccines, properties of vaccines, other immuno modulators, action of

antibiotics and bacterial resistance.

UNIT 7 : Study of pathogenesis at molecular level

14

Diphtheria: virulence factors, regulation of toxin production, treatment and

99

prevention. S aureus and S pyogenes : scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome.

Disease without colonization: Clostridium botulinum, C. perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus. Intestinal infections, Shigella and E. coli infections; Vibrio cholera, Salmonella infections; Whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis), E. coli urinary tract infections, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas fungal

aeruginosa,

UNIT 8 : Future challenges

infections.

11

Gastric and duodenal ulcers - are they due to infections? Lyme disease and Syphilis - unsolved mystery. Legionnaires disease. Tuberculosis, reemergence of resistant strains. Rheumatic fever and glomerulo nephritis - still a question to be solved.

Recommended books: 1. Iglewski B.H and Clark V.L " Molecular basis of Bacterial Pathogenesis ", Academic Press, 1990.

2. Talaro K. and Talaro A. " Foundations in Microbilogy ", W.C Brown Publishers, 1993.

3. Roitt I, “Essentials of Immunology, 8 th edition ", Blackwell Scientific Publishers, 1994.

4. Janeway C.A Jr.and Travers P.T. " Immunobiology ", Blackwell Scientific Publishers, 1994.

5. Austyn J.M and Wood K.J “Principles of Cellular and Molecular Immunology ", Oxford University Press, 1993.

6. Abigail Salyers and Dixie Whitt. “Bacterial Pathogenesis, a molecular approach” 7. Cedric Mims. “Medical Microbiology” 8. Barbara Bannister, “Infectious Disease”

100

MTI - 706

COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY - II

40 hrs

UNIT 1 : Biodiversity I Introduction to biodiversity informatics: concept and the rapid development, biological databases, molecular database, taxonomic databases and biodiversity database.

UNIT 2 : Biodiversity data Forms,, Categories, Usage, Taxonomic Database Working Group (TDWG) standards, compatibility and interpretability, taxonomically intelligent systems.

UNIT 3 : Biodiversity analytical tools Introductory Geographical Information system (GIS), models, bioclimatic and genetic algorithms for rule set production modeling Statistical analyses, Temporal analyses,Spatial analyses, biodiversity hotspot analyses.

UNIT 4 : Applications of Informatics in Biodiversity Systematic, Biogeography and evolution (binomial species naming and classification, description, taxonomy keys and phylogenetics data, sampling and observation data and spices distribution),spatial distribution of organisms (Software applications for the analysis of territoriality, correlations of population and ecological factors, statistical analysis of biocommunities), Behavioral management,

analysis,

management

visualization,

of

knowledge

biological networking,

collections, data

metadata

mining.

The

application of biodiversity data from non-experts: uncertainty analysis, reasoning with incomplete information, automatic summarization.

101

Recommended Books:

1. Atkinson, P.M. and Tate, N.J. (Eds.) 1999 Advances in remote sensing and GIS analysis., Wiley, New York 2. Gunther,O. 1998 Enviornmental Information Systems. Berlin, New York, Springer.

3. Pankhurst, R.J.1981 Practical taxonomic computing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. 4. Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S. Kellogg, E. A., Stevens, P.F. and Donoghue, M. J. (2002) Plant Systematic: A phylogenetic Approach, 2nd., Sinauer Assocuiates, Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, U. S. A. 5. Nordenstam, B, El Gazaly, G. and Kassas, M. 2000 plant systematics for 21st Century. Porltand Press Ltd., London. 13 6. Design for a Global Plant Species Information System (Bisby, F. A., Russel, G. F. Nad Pankhurst, R. J. )1993.

7. Taxonomic Database Working Group Standards (Cook, F.E. M.)1995

102

Practical I 12. Lab design, sterilization procedures, media preparation for ATC and cryopreservation 13. Primacy culture from chick embryo 14. Characterization of cell line 15. Isolation and cultivation of lymphocytes 16. Estimation of microbial load in milk by spc and Dye reduction tests (MBRT, RRT) 17. Isolation and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria from various foods 18. Sugar and alcohol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

19. MIC of antibiotic by tube method and agar dilution method 20. Alcohol estimation by dichromate method 21. Extraction and estimation of pectinases (clarification of fruit juices) 22. Estimation of Vitamin C. by DNPH method

103

Practical II 1. Study of Databases and Data retrieval.

2. Database Similarity Search BLAST AND FASTA PROGRAMS. 3. PSI/ PHI -BLAST 4. Multiple sequences Alignment using ClustalW. 5. Phylogenetic Analysis using Clustalw and Phylip software.

6. Profile Analysis, Motif searching against Motif databases.

7. Rasmol (3D structure visualisation) 8. Protein Manipulation using SPDBV 9. Introduction to modeller 10. Homology modelling using modeller, and swiss model 11. UNIX Commands 12. Different versions of Linux

104

MTI - 801

BIOPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY

40 hrs

UNIT 1 : Absorption and Distribution

09

Absorption of Drugs, Mechanisms of Drug Absorption, Physiochemical Factors of Drug Absorption, Distribution of Drugs, Tissue permeability of Drugs, Protein Binding of Drugs, Tissue Binding, Factor Affecting protein Binding, Drug Interaction.

UNIT 2 : Biotransformation and Elimination

09

Biotransformation of Drugs, Phase I Reaction, Phase II Reaction, Factor Affecting Biotransformation of Drugs, Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity, Prodrugs, Enhancement of Bioavailability, Reduction to Toxicity, Renal Excretion of Drugs, Factor Affecting Renal Excretion of Drugs, Non-renal Routes of Drugs Excretion.

UNIT 3 : Pharmacokinetics Drug Interactions

09

Mechanism of Drug interactions, Plasma Drug Concentrations, Order of Reaction,

Pharmacokinetic

Methods,

Compartment

Modeling,

Multi-

Compartment Modeling, Nonlinear Pharmacokinetic, Estimation of Km and Vmax.

UNIT 4 : Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Measurement

of Bioavailability,

09 Plasma Level Time Studies,

Acute

pharmacologic Response, In Vitro Drug Dissolution Studies, Bioequivalence Studies, Enhancement of Bioavailability, Designing of Dosage Regimens, Monitoring Drug Therapy, Application of Pharmacokinetics,

UNIT 5 : Controlled Release Medication

09

Drug Concentration, Therapeutic Concentration Range, Concentration Response Relationship, Design of Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Drug Release Pattern, Oral Controlled Release Systems, Parenteral Controlled Release

105

Systems, Transdermal Controlled Release Systems, Ophthalmic Controlled Release Systems, Intrauterine and Intravaginal Drug Delivery Systems, Controlled Release Formulation.

Recommended books: 1. Biopharmaceuticals, S.N. Jogdand, ISBN:81-8318-620-3, Himalaya Publication House 2. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, G.R. Chatwal, ISBN:81-7866-631-6, Himalaya Publication House 3. Advanced Technologies in Biopharmaceutical Processing, Roshni Dutton and Jeno Scharer, ISBN: 978-0-8138-0517-7, John Wiley and Sons India Pte. Ltd. 4. Modern Biopharmaceuticals: Design, Development and Optimization, Jörg Knäblein, ISBN: 978-3-527-31184-2, John Wiley and Sons India Pte. Ltd. 5. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: A Treatise, DM Brahmankar and Sunil B Jaiswal, ISBN:818573039, Vallabh Prakashan 6. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, K. Sambamurthy and Ashutosh Kar, ISBN : 97881-224-1911-5, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers 7. Pharmaceutical Engineering, K. Sambamurthy, ISBN : 978-81-224-1169-0, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers 8. Pharmaceutical Drug Analysis, Ashutosh Kar, ISBN : 978-81-224-1674-9, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers 9. Biopharmaceuticals: Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gary Walsh, ISBN: 978-0470-84327-7, John Wiley and Sons India Pte. Ltd.

106

MTI - 802

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1 : Environmental Biotechnology: Vision and Development

40hrs

02

Biodiversity, ecology. Pollution control. Agriculture. Bioenergy

UNIT 2 : Biodiversity and Ecology

05

Biosphere. Ecosystem. Natural cycles (Nitrogen, Carbon, Phosphorus, Sulfur).

Energy flow.

UNIT 3 : Environmental Pollution and Control

16

Water pollution. Sources of pollutants. Waste water processing. Advanced waste water treatment in different industries (Brewery, Petroleum, paper and pulp). Soil pollution. Sources of pollutants. Bioremediation - In-situ (intrinsic, genetically engineered), Ex-situ (solid phase treatment slurry phase treatment, vermicomposting). Air pollution - Sources of pollutants, Removal and control.

Hazardous waste management - Physical treatment, Chemical treatment, Biological treatment. Xenobiotic compounds and their degradation Characteristics of xenobiotic compounds, Examples of xenobiotic compounds, Mechanism of degradation

UNIT 4 : Environmental Impact Assessment

03

Need and objectives of EIA. Factors involved in EIA. Environmental attributes.

Methods of EIA - Ad-hoc, Overlay, Network, Matrix, Checklist, Cost benefit, limitations and problems of EIA

UNIT 5 : Global Warming and Green House Effect

02

Reasons for global warming. Technique of Green house effect. Applications of Green house effect

107

UNIT 6 : Agricultural Biotechnology

08

Pesticides - Insecticides- types, mode of action and applications, Herbicidestypes, mode of action and applications, Fungicides- types, mode of action and applications. Biopesticides - B. thuringensis- mode of action and applications, Viral pesticides- example, mode of action and applications, Neem pesticidesmode of action and applications. Biofertilizers - Nitrogen fixing organismsexample, mode of action and applications, Phosphorus solublising organismsexample, mode of action and applications. Genetically modified organisms – Need, Application, Stress tolerant plants UNIT 7 : Bioenergy

03

Renewable sources of energy. Biomass as a source of energy. Energy crops – Production, Applications

UNIT 8 : Integrated Environmental Management (overview)

01

Recommended Books: 1. Environmental Biotechnology; M. H. Fulekar; Oxford & IBH Publishing Company pvt ltd; 1st edition 2. Environmental Biotechnology; Dilipkumar Markandey; APH Publishing Corporation; 1st Edition 3. Environmental Biotechnology: theory and applications; G. Evans & J. Furlong; Wiley & Sons pvt ltd; 1st edition 4. Textbook of Environmental Engineering; P. Venugopal Rao; PHI pvt ltd; 1st edition 5. Environmental Biotechnology; Alan Sragg; Oxford University Press; 2nd edition 6. Biotechnology; B. D. Singh; Kalyani Publications; 1st edition 7. Water and Waste Water Technology; Hammer & Hammer Jr.; PHI pvt ltd; 4th edition 8. Green House Technology for controlled Environment; G N Tiwary; Narosa Publishing

House; 1stedition

108

MTI - 803

CANCER AND STRESS BIOLOGY

UNIT 1 : Fundamentals of cancer biology

40 hrs

01

Characteristics of cancer cells, different forms of cancers, diet and cancer.

UNIT 2 : Principles of carcinogenesis

02

Environmental factors, Physical (UV and X-Ray radiation) and chemical carcinogens and their mode of action, Role of viruses in cancer.

UNIT 3 :Genetics of cancer

10

Oncogenes: Oncogenes/Proto Oncogene activity, Regulation of Cell cycle, mutations in signalling molecules, effects on cell receptors, signal switches, Identification of Oncogenes, Retroviruses and Oncogenes, Tumor suppressor genes, their role in signal transduction and apoptosis modulation of cell cycle in cancer, oncogene and tumor suppressor models

UNIT 4 : Principles of cancer metastasis

08

Clinical significances of invasion, hetrogeneity of metastatic phenotype, Metastatic cascade, Basement Membrane distruption, Three step theroy of Invasion, Proteinases and tumour cell invasion.

UNIT 5 : New molecules for cancer therapy

08

Different forms of therapy, Chemotherapy, radition Therapy, kinases as targets, GTPases as targets, cdk inhibitors, metabolic inactivation and detoxification of cancer drugs.

109

UNIT 6 :

02 Detection of Cancers, Prediction of aggressiveness of Cancer, Advances in

Cancer detection, RNA expression profiling in cancers, genome wide search for mutation in cancer.

UNIT 7 : Stress and cellular functions

06

Stress definition and terms, Response and adaptation toward stress.

Regulation of the Stress Response from Prokayotic Models to Mammalian Cells, Chaperones and Proteases: Guardians of Protein integrity in Eukaryotic Organelles, Hypoxia and Stress, Endoplasmic reticulum Stress, Variation in Stress Responses within a Bacterial Species and the Indirect cause of Stress resistance.

UNIT 8 : Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer

03

Stress in plants: Different types of stresses, mechanism of stress response, role of phytohormones in plants response to stress.

Recommended Books: 1. Grace, JIO Ford and PG jorvis 1980- plants & their atmospheric environmentBlackwell publishers 2. Jacksen M.B. Black C.R. 1993 interacting stresses in plants in a changing climate.

Springer- Verlag, Berlin- Heidelbery- Newyork, London, Paris, Tokyo.

3. Abiotic stresses – M Asharaf, P.J. C. Harris editor 5. Cell Signalling 2nd Edition- John T. Hancock.

6. The Biochemistry of Cell Signalling-Ernst J. M. Helmreich.

7. The Oncogenomics Handbook- LaRochelle Shimkets.

8. Oncogenomics, Molecular approaches to cancer, Edited by Charles Brenner, David Duggan.

9. Tumor suppressor genes in human cancer-David Fisher.

110

MTI - 804

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

40 hrs

UNIT 1 : Overview of Medicinal Chemistry Drug

Discovery

from

Natural

05 Products.

Pharmacokinetics

and

Pharmacodynamics in Drug Design. Molecular Modeling and Drug Design.

Receptors and Drug Action. Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Properties of Drug.

UNIT 2 : Drugs Affecting Neurotransmission

10

Cholinergic Neurotransmission. Adrenergic Neurotransmission. Serotonin Receptors and its Neurotransmission. Amino Acid Neurotransmitters. Local Anesthetics. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors.

UNIT 3 : Drugs Affecting Central Nervous System

10

General Anesthetics. Sedative-Hypnotics. Antiseizure Drugs. Antidepressants.

Psychotherapeutics Drugs. Opioid Analgesis. Neuromuscular Disorder.

UNIT 4 : Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular System

10

Cardiac Agents. Diuretics. ACE-Inhibitors, Antagonists and Calcium Blockers.

Central and Peripheral Sympatholytics and Vasodilators. Drugs Affecting Hormonal System. Insulin and oral Hypoglycemic Drug. Adrenocorticoids.

Estrogens, Progestins and Androgens. Thyroid Drugs.

UNIT 5 : Chemotherapeutics Agents

10

Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Agents. Antiparasitic Agents. Antifungal Drugs.

Antimycobacterial Agents. Cancer Chemotherapeutics. Antiviral Agents and Protease Inhibitors.

111

Recommended Books: 1. Medicinal Chemistry: An Introduction, Gareth Thomas, ISBN: 978-0-470-025987, John Wiley & Sons India Pte. Ltd. 2. Molecules and Medicine, E. J. Corey, Barbara Czakó, László Kürti, ISBN: 978-0470-22749-7, John Wiley & Sons India Pte. Ltd. 3. Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas L Lemke and David A Williams, ISBN-13: 9780781768795, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 4. Wilson & Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, John Block and John M Beale, ISBN-13: 978-0781734813, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 5. Pharmaceutical Chemistry- II, G.R.Chatwal, ISBN:978-81-8318-786-2, Himalaya Publication House 6. Medicinal Chemistry, Sriram, ISBN:9788131700310, Pearson Education 7. Medicinal Chemistry, Ashutosh Kar, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers 8. Textbook Of Biochemistry And Human Biology, Talwar G.P., Srivastava L.M., ISBN:81-203-1965-6, Prentice-Hall of India 9. Pharmaceutical Drug Analysis, Ashutosh Kar, ISBN:9788122415827, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers

112

MTI - 805

Functional genomics / High throughput Research Tools

UNIT 1 : Genomics

40 hrs

08

History of Genomics. The Genomics project. Biotechnology and Genomics in Medicine. From Recombinant DNA to Molecular Medicine. The Human Genome Project. Genomics and the Challenge of Infectious Disease. Analyzing And Treating Genetic Diseases.

UNIT 2 : Transcriptomics

10

Introduction. History. The Human Transcriptome Project. Transcriptomics Strategies. Transcriptomics Technologies. Applications.

UNIT : 3 Transgenomics

10

Introduction. History. Trans-NIH Mouse Initiatives. Transgenomics Strategies.

Transgenomics Technologies. Applications

UNIT 4 : Toxicogenomics

10

Introduction. History. The Human Toxicogenome Project. Toxicogenome Strategies. Toxicogenome Technologies. Applications.

UNIT 5 : Proteomics

07

Introduction. History. Key Technologies. Prokaryotic Proteomics. Eukaryotic Proteomics. Current Strategies. Applications

Recommended Books: 1. Genomics: Applications in Human Biology, Sandy B. Primrose, Richard Twyman, ISBN: 978-1-4051-0819-5, Wiley-Blackwell.

2. Frontiers in Computational Genomics, Michael Y. Galperin and Eugene V. Koonin, ISBN: 978-0-9542464-4-0, Caister Academic Press.

113

3. The Dictionary of Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics, Guenter Kahl, ISBN: 978-3-527-32073-8, Wiley.

4. Transcriptomics, Somnath Tagore and Virendra S. Gomase, ISBN-10: 1848290217, Anshan Ltd & Ane Books India (April 2009).

5. Omics: An approach for drug targets, Virendra S. Gomase and Somnath Tagore, Himalaya Publication Pvt.Ltd (May 2009).

6. Introduction to Proteomics: Tools for the New Biology, Daniel C. Liebler, ISBN: 0 89603-991-9, Totowa, NJ:Humana Press, Inc. 7. Proteomics- Theory and Practice, Gomase V.S. And Chikhale N.J., Himalaya Publication House, India, 2008 8. An Introduction to Toxicogenomics, Michael E. Burczynski, ISBN: 0-8493-13341, FL:CRC Press.

114

MTI - 806

FRONTIERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1 : Stem cell technology

40hrs

08

Introduction to concepts in stem cell biology (renewal, potency, etc.); definition of terms; adult stem cells, Embryonic stem cells. Representative stem cell types/organ system; Germ line stem cells, Neuronal stem cells, Muscle and bone stem cells, Hematopoietic stem cells, Epithelial stem cells (skin, intestine, breast), Prostate and breast stem cells (segue into cancer). Stem cells and therapeutics. Ethical issues associated with stem cell technology.

UNIT 2 : Gene therapy

08

Overview of Gene Therapy - advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of gene therapy, vectors in gene therapy. Adenovirus and Adeno-associated Virus Mediated Gene Transfer - Herpes Virus-based Vectors, In vivo Gene Delivery using HSV Vectors, Pox Virus-based Vectors, Retrovirus based vectors. Nonviral Approaches to Gene Therapy - Gene therapy and clinical applications e.g. cancer.

UNIT 3 : Design of SiRNA vectors and Gene silencing and Applications

02

UNIT 4 : Bioremediation and Phytoremediation

03

Bioremediation of petroleum. Bioremediation of pesticide contaminated soil.

Bioremediation of explosives. Biological treatment of metaliic pollutants and organic pollutants.

UNIT 5 : Microarray Technology

06

Introduction to DNA microarray technology: design on glass slide, affymetric microarray and detection data acquisition. Protein microarray: protein arrays fabrication, principles and limitation, use and application in antigen-antibody interactions, phage display libraries, etc. In vitro analysis of gene expression: 115

identification of differentially transcribed genes. Microarray technology application in agricultural research.

UNIT 6 : SNP’s: Introduction, Features

04

Detection of SNP’s using agarose based and PCR based methods, SNP typing using degenerate oligonucleotide primed – PCR – amplified products (DOP – PCR).

UNIT 7 : Whole genome amplification

04

Introduction, whole genome amplification by primer-extension preamplification PCR,Global amplification using SCOMP: method and approaches Multiple displacement amplification of genomic DNA (MDA).

UNIT 8 : Other Development

06

For Nucleic acid variation detection: GOOD assay, FAFLP genotyping, QADAV analysis. For Nucleic acid Quantization: Real-time – PCR, SAGE, REAPS, Substractive hybridization. For Sequencing: pyrosequencing, octamers primed cycle sequencing. PNA: Introduction, Synthesis, PNA beacons, PNA clamping, production of PNA arrays.

Recommended Books: 1. Gene therapy for cancer-Hunt KK,Vorburger SA,Swisher SG,Humana press,2007 2.

Gene therapy and gene deliverypSchaffer DV,Zhou W,Springer publications

3.

Stem cells Habndbook-Sell S,Humana Press.

4. Applied bioremediation and phytoremediation-Singh A,Ward OP,Springer Publications.

5. Microarray Technology through Applications: Editor, Falcini F,2007, Taylor and Francis group.

6. Protein Microarrays: Mark Schena Jones ad Barlett Publishers 2005

116

7. A Biologists guide to analysis of DNA microarray data: Steek Knudsen, 2002, Wiley-Liss, Wiley and sons, inc, Publication 8. Microarray: Gene Expression data Analysis: 2004, Causton Helen, Quackerbush John, Brazma. Alvis., Blackweel Publishing.

9. Fnctional protein microarray in Drg discovery. 2007 Paul. F. Predki, CRC Press.

10. PCR Technology: Current innovations: 2nd Edition, 2003, Griffin Hugh ad Annette Griffin, CRC press 11. PCR: 2007, Hughes and Moody, The method express series, Scion Publishing Limited 12. Whole genome Amplification: 2005, Hughes and R. Lasken, The Methods Express series, Scion Publishing limited 13. Peptide Nucleic acids: Protocols and amplification: 2nd Edition 2004, Nielson Peter British Library Cataloguing-in Publication

117

Practical I

1. Bioassay of Vitamin B12 - Effect of agar concentration,

culture density,

Diffusion time 2. Bioassay of penicillin - Effect of agar concentration, culture density, Diffusion time 3. Estimation of BOD of effluent water 4. Estimation of COD of effluent water 5. Waste water treatment- Removal of organic amines by peroxidases from germinating soya seed.

6. Estimation of urea and uric acid from serum 7. Estimation of bilirubin and creatinine from serum 8. Estimation of serum cholesterol and glucose by GOD- POD 9. Estimation of SGOT and SGPT 10. Routine analysis of blood - RBC , WBC and Differential Count

118

Practical II 1. Prediction of secondary structure 2. Pair-wise alignment strategies 3. Multiple alignment strategies 4. Phylogenetic Analysis 5. Metabolic pathway analysis

119

MTI - 901

IPR, BIOSAFETY, BIOETHICS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 40hrs

UNIT 1 : IPR

17

General Overview of Intellectual Property Rights, WIPO, WTO, Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights. Patent- Basic requirements of Patentability, Patentable Subject Matter, Procedure For Obtaining Patent, Provisional and Complete Specification. Copyright-Objectives of copyright , Rights conferred by registration of copyright , Infringement of copyright. Trademarks-Basic Principles of Trademark , Rights conferred by Registration of Trademark , Infringement

of

Trademark.

Geographical

Indications-Objectives

of

Geographical Indications , Rights conferred , Infringement of Geographical Indications , International Position , Indian Position, Bioprospecting and Biopiracy.

UNIT 2 : Biosafety and Bioethics

11

Biosafety and Bioethics Management-Key to environmentally responsible use of biotechnology. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, Ethical implications of Biotechnological products and techniques. Contempory ethics of healthcare.

Ethical aspects of hazardous worte and toxic substance. Ethical aspects of scientific publishing. Farmers rights, plant breedeis right.

UNIT 3 : Entrepreneurship

12

Need, scope and characteristics of entrepreneurship management of self and understanding human behaviour, business ethics, performance appraisal, and (SWOT) analysis. Market survey techniques - Criteria for the principles of product selection and development. Elements of Marketing and Sales Management - Nature of product and market strategy, Packaging and advertising, After Sales Service, Pricing techniques. Financial institutions, financial incentives, books of accounts and financial statements. Technical

120

feasibility of the project, plant layout & process planning for the product, Quality Control, Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation Review Techniques (PERT) as planning tools for establishing SSI.

Recommended Books: 1. Entrepreneurship: New Venture Creation, David H. Holt 2. Patterns of Entrepreneurship : Jack M. Kaplan 3. Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management: C.B. Gupta, S.S. Khanka, Sultan Chand

121

MTI – 902

NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

40 hrs

UNIT 1: Bionanotechnology-Introduction

08

Nanoscale, natural nanomachines, tools to make nanostructures.

UNIT 2 : Biomolecular design and biotechnology

04

Bio-molecular structure determination, molecular modeling, docking simulations

UNIT 3 : Structural principles of Bio-nanotechnology

08

Bimolecular structure and stability, protein folding, self-assembly and self organization, molecular recognition and flexibility

UNIT 4 : Functional principles of bionanotechnology

06

Energetics, chemical transformation, biomaterials, bio-molecular motors, Traffic across membrane, bio-molecular sensing, self-replication, ,machine phase bionanotechnology, cell nanostructure interactions.

UNIT 5 : Applications Designing

12

nanomolecules,

artificial

self-assembly,

quantum

dots,

bionanoelectronics, nanocomputing, molecular motors, molecular design using biomaterials,

artificial

life,

hybrid

materials,

biosensors,

nanomedicine,

nanopharmaceuticals, nanosensing.

UNIT 6 : Future prospects of nanotechnology

02

Recommended Books:

1. Bionanotechnology-Lessons from Nature- David S. Goodsell, 2. Nanobiotechnology—Concepts,applications

and

perspectives-Edited

C.M.Niemeyer,C.A. Mirkin,Wiley –VCH Publications 3. Nanobiotechnology protocols-Sandra J .Rosenthal, David W. Wright.

122

by

4. Nanoiotecnology 窶的lan Levy, Oded Shoseyov 5. Nanotechnology-Mark Ratner, Daniel Ratner.

123

MTI - 903

BIOTECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT

40hrs

UNIT 1: Project Management in Biotechnology

23

Basic concepts and definations, steps in hi-tech BT-projects, Goal setting and establishing milestones for BT projects, Network analysis and generic quantitative techniques, Monitoring of project progress through self and peer assessment, Fundamentals of time value of money and cost management, Holistic approach to projects-technical and non technical dimensions, Planning communicationtechnical and non technical in projects management, Organization, coordination, integration of different activities in the project

UNIT 2: Regulatory affairs in Biotechnology

10

US regulatory authority, rules regulations, Europe regulatory authority, rules regulations, Compliance for Export.

UNIT 3: Concept of GLP and GMP

07

Different GLP and GMP practices across US and Europe

Recommended Books:

1. Best Practices in Biotechnology Business Development: Valuation, Licensing, Cash Flow, Pharmacoeconomics, Market Selection, Communication, and Intellectual Property by Yali Friedman 2. Building Biotechnology: Business, Regulations, Patents, Law, Politics, Science

by Yali Friedman 3.

Building

Biotechnology:

Starting,

Managing,

and

Understanding

Biotechnology Companies - Business Development, Entrepreneurship, Careers, Investing, Science, Patents and Regulations by Yali Friedman 4. The Business of Biotechnology by Yali Friedman 5. Best Practices in Biotechnology Education by Yali Friedman

124

6. Pocket Biotech Industry Primer by Yali Friedman 7. Project Management- Managerial approach by Jack R. Merediph, willey India ltd.

125

MTI - 904

PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION, MODELING AND DESIGN 40hrs

UNIT 1 : Principle of Drug Action

07

Basic Principles Drug Action, Drug Interactions. Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics. Drug Metabolism. Drug Evaluation and Regulation.

Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology. Cholinoceptor-Activating and Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs. Cholinoceptor Blockers and Cholinesterase Regenerators. Sympathomimetics, Adrenoceptor Blockers.

UNIT 2 : Cardiovascular and Bronchodilators

07

Cardiovascular Drugs. Diuretic Agents. Histamine, Serotonin, and the Ergot Alkaloids. Vasoactive Peptides. Prostaglandins and Eicosanoids. Nitric Oxide, Donors, and Inhibitors. Bronchodilators

UNIT 3 : CNS

07

Drugs That Act in the Central Nervous System. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs, Alcohols. Antiseizure Drugs. General Anesthetics, Local Anesthetics. Drugs Used in Parkinsonism & Other Movement Disorders. Antipsychotic Drugs & Lithium, Antidepressants. Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists. Drugs of Abuse

UNIT 4 : NSAIDS and Hormones

07

Agents Used in Anemia and Hematopoietic Growth Factors. Drugs Used in Coagulation Disorders. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemias.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones.

Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs. Corticosteroids and Antagonists. Gonadal Hormones and Inhibitors. Pancreatic Hormones, Antidiabetic Agents and Hyperglycemic Drugs. Drugs that Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasis

126

UNIT 5: Chemotherapeutic Agents

07

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors. Aminoglycosides.

Antimycobacterial Drugs, Antifungal Agents. Antiviral Chemotherapy and Prophylaxis. Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, Antiprotozoal Drugs. Anthelmintic Drugs. Cancer Chemotherapy. Immunopharmacology. Vaccines, Immune Globulins, and Complex Biologic Products. Vitamins, Heavy Metals and Chelating Agents

UNIT 6 : Modeling Methods MO Theory.

05

Empirical Methods. Geometric Optimization. Conformational

Space-searching Algorithms and FEP. Global minimum problem. Simulated Annealing. Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation. Docking simulations of hostguest complexes

UNIT 7 : AI-based drug design support system

05

The Castlemaine Project. Role of AI techniques in Castlemaine project. Various Computational methods for drug design. Expert Systems. Computer Languages for AI applications. QSAR and Multivariate QSAR

Recommended books : 1. Medical Pharmacology at a Glance, Michael J. Neal, ISBN: 978-1-4051-3360-9, John Wiley and Sons India Pvt. Ltd. 2. Pharmacology: From Drug Development to Gene Therapy, Robert A. Meyers, ISBN: 978-3-527-32343-2, John Wiley and Sons India Pvt. Ltd. 3. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics, Barar FSK, ISBN: 8121904447, S Chand & Company Ltd 4. Current

Trends

in Pharmacology,

Arunabha Ray and

Kavita Gulati,

ISBN:8188237779, I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd 5. The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine, International (P) Ltd., Publishers

127

John P. Griffin, New Age

6. An Introduction to Drug Design, S.N. Pandeya, ISBN : 978-81-224-0943-7, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers 7. Medical Pharmacology at a Glance, M.J. Neal, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers 8. Katzung and Trevor's Review of Pharmacology, Anthony Trevor, Bertram Katzung, Susan Masters, ISBN13: 9780071488693, McGraw-Hill 9. Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications, Charles R Craig and Robert E Stitzel, ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-3762-3, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, ISBN-10: 0-7817-7155-2, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 11. Molecular Modelling and Drug Design, J. G. Vinter, Mark Gardner, ISBN-13: 978-0849377723, CRC presss.

128

MTI - 905

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

UNIT 1 : Database system concept

40 hrs

08

DBMS, ER Diagram, Types of the Database system, Data Normalization- 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, 5NF . Multi User Environment and Data Security, Levels of authority, Access rights and permission, Service levels, Recovery Concepts, Recovery Techniques, Performance Tuning, Query optimisation, Back-up procedures, Properties of Transactions, Concurrency issues, ACID, Locking.

UNIT 2 : Basic concepts of pl/sql

08

Types of SQL: DDL, DML, DCL. Store Procedures, Triggers Views, Materialized Views in DW, Indexes, Integrity constraints, SQL for Aggregation in Data Warehouses, Case study for database development system, Overview of the query execution and database architecture

UNIT 3 : Data Warehousing

08

Introduction, Meaning and characteristics of Data Warehousing, Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), Data Warehousing Models, Data warehouse architecture & Principles of Data Warehousing, Data warehousing Schemas, Cubes, ROLAP, MOLAP, Dimensions, Data Cleaning, Introduction to Data Mining.

UNIT 4 : Building a data warehouse project

08

Case Study for building the biological/life science Data warehouse using oracle or SQL Server: Structure of the Data warehouse, Data warehousing and Operational Systems, Organizing for building data warehousing. Important considerations: Tighter integration, Empowerment, Willingness. Business

129

Considerations: Return on Investment Design Considerations, Technical Consideration, Implementation Consideration, Benefits of Data warehousing

UNIT 5 : Managing and implementing a data warehouse project

08

Project Management Process, Scope Statement, Work Breakdown Structure and Integration, Initiating a data warehousing project, Project Estimation, Analyzing Probability and Risk, Managing Risk: Internal and External, Critical Path Analysis

Recommended Books: 1. Pieter Adriaans, Dolf Zantinge Data Mining, Pearson Education, 1996 2. George M. Marakas Modern Data Warehousing, Mining, and Visualization: Core Concepts, Prentice Hall, 1st edition, 2002 3. Alex Berson, Stephen J. Smith Data Warehousing, Data Mining, and OLAP (Data Warehousing/Data Management), McGraw-Hill, 1997 4. Margaret H. Dunham Data Mining, Prentice Hall, 1st edition, 2002 5. David J. Hand Principles of Data Mining (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning), Prentice Hall, 1st edition, 2002 6. Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber Data Mining, Prentice Hall, 1st edition, 2002 7. Michael J. Corey, Michael Abbey, Ben Taub, Ian Abramson Oracle 8i Data Warehousing McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, 2nd edition, 2001 8. Elmasri R, Navathe S , Fundamentals of Database Systems, Pearson Education, 2002 9. Cornel R, Database Systems, Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2001 10. Mcfadden F, Hoffer J, Prescot M, Modern Database Management, Pearson Education, 2001

130

11. Date C, Database Systems, Pearson Education, 2002 12. Hansen G, Hansen J, Database Management and Design, Prentice Hall, 2001

131

MTI -906

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC WRITING 40hrs

UNIT 1 : Methodology and Literature collection Introduction to Research Methodology - Meaning of Research, Objective of Research, Significance, Type of Research: Basic, Applied,

Research

Approaches, Research Methods versus Methodology, Research and Scientific method, Criterions of good Research, Problems / Bottlenecks faced by Researchers. Defining the Research Problem. Literature collection - Need of review of literature, Review process and Review Reading, Discriminative Reading, Consulting Source material. Literature citation - Different Systems of citing Reference:- Name – Year System citation in the text, Name – Year System – List of Reference, Citing Reference in the text, Alphabet – Number System, Journal Abbreviation.

UNIT 2 : Research, Data collection and Analysis.

Research Design - Meaning, Need of Design, Feature of good Design, Different Principle of Experimental Design. Sample Collection - Step in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure, Different types of Sample Design, Random Sample, Complex Random Sample. Data Collection - Primary Data Collection, Observation, Interview, Collection through Questionnaires/Schedules, Secondary data collection, Case study method. Processing and Analysis of data Processing operation, Type of Analysis, Simple Regression Analysis, Partial Correlation, etc.

UNIT 3 : Scientific Writing Interpretation and Report Writing. Meaning of Interpretation. Techniques of Interpretation. Precaution of Interpretation. Significance of Report Writing. Step in Report Writing. Types of Report Writing. Component of a Research Report -

132

Title, Authors, Abstract, Summary, Synopsis, Key Words, Introduction, MM, Result, Discussion, Acknowledgements, Appendixes, references, Plagiarism.

Use of Table / Figures in Report Writing - Need, Introduction and Placement of Table / figure, Numbering, Box Heading, Caption photographs. Formatting and Typing – Introduction, Margins, Spacing, Alignment, Fonts, etc., Format of Thesis.

Recommended Books: 1. Research Methodology for Biological Sciences (2006), N. Gurumani MJP Publishers 2. Research Methodology : Methods and Techniques. 2nd Edition C.R.Kothari, New age international Publishers 2004 3. Research methods for the bioscience: 2006 International Student Edition. Oxford University Press, Edition, D. Holmes, P. Moody, D. Dine.

ISBN – 13 : 978-0-19-568631-9

133

Practical I 1. Isolation of amylase from fungal source 2.

Purification methods. a.

Ammonium sulphate precipitation

b. Dialysis c. Gel Filtration 3. Electrophoresis of purified amylase 4. Data analysis and report writing of amylase purification 5. Study of Bioreactor a. Sterilization b. Working c. Preparation of Fermentation medium d. Run of any standard Fermentation

134

Practical

II

1) Database Manipulation using SQL command. DDL, DML 2) Five Small Database designing, normalisation and implementation.

3) One Small Biological database designing, normalisation and implementation.

4) Using PL/SQL 5) Creation of Multimedia Database 6) Web page designing using HTML and XML. 7) Heading, Text: Adding the attributes to the Web pages (Color, font, Style) 8) Format of Web page Data, 9) Inserting Image and URL in the Web page.

10) Interactive and animated Web pages creation.

11) Table Creation and adding text into the table.

135