Urban – architectural design competition for Savski square area in Belgrade, Serbia

…‘’ so my dear child, you build for today, you build for tomorrow, but you also build for eternity. When it is built for the people, then what is being built must be enduring and as great as the people itself’’…

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a sentence taken from the remark of Stefan Nemanja (Father Simeon 1166-1196) spoken on the death bed, written by his youngest son Rastko, Saint Sava...

TEXTUAL EXPLANATION URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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IDEA / INTENTION Connecting the Sava Amphitheater with the old core of Belgrade by reaffirmation of already existing shape of the square giving it new identity and character through the contents and activities adapted to today's modern society ...

UNIT 1 - SAVSKI SQUARE EXISTING CONTEXT Location for the intended interventions of the square, outlined for this competition is positioned in the central part of the city, in the immediate backside in the costal area of the right bank of the river Sava. This part belongs to Central Belgrade and the Old Belgrade Unit - the oldest preserved part of the capital that reflects the historical development and growth of the city from the Belgrade Fortress as the historical urban nucleus towards the banks of the two rivers Sava and Danube.

Aforementioned part of the city, is crucial for the realization of the vast area affected by Spatial Plan for development of Belgrade costal area of Sava Amphitheater, furthermore in Serbia known as Sava riverside area project ‘’Belgrade Waterfront’’. Additionally, this Spatial Plan document clearly indicates the relocation of Belgrade’s Main Railway Station and Central Bus Station as a precondition for any urban architectural intervention at these locations.

Although located in the old city core of Belgrade, this area together with its immediate environment represents a very significant place for the city in terms of traffic.

Existing situation, with two bridges over the Sava river - (Branko’s bridge and Old Sava Bridge), recently operating Belgrade Main Railway Station and Main Bus Station with Karađorđeva Street, is facing traffic congestions caused by freight transportation due to the lack of the appropriate ring road.

All of these contribute to the really high traffic volumes in this area and a problem that needs to be solved!

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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HISTORICAL CONTEXT This part of Belgrade contains a huge part of city history commencing with early begging of 19th century. Sava Town (Savska varoš) started its development around 1830s when Serbian part of the city began its extension towards the river. Furthermore, throughout the years the Little-Market-on-Sava (Mali Pijac) was established with extremely rapid development in the city, with massive actions of backfilling with sand of the whole part of Sava Amphitheatre including parts such as ‘’Bara Venecija’’ and ‘’Savamala’’. This commenced economic growth soon sparked expansion of the number of traders who were coming regularly to Belgrade. Consequently, the need for construction of Railway infrastructure and station appeared early on and finally happened in 1884.

Furthermore, significant impact was made when tramway tracks were constructed in 1893, which connected West Vračar and Slavija with sava Port (through Karađorđeva Street).

At the beginning of XX century, this part of the city started its urban development and transformation into a new, modern town center with authentic atmosphere and most important public institutional buildings among which the most famous are: At Unit 1 - Railway Station Building, Post Office Building, Saint Sava Hospital, Home for people with disabilities building, Hotel Petrograd building, at Unit 2 - The Belgrade Cooperative building, Hotel Bristol building, Đorđe Vučo’s House and so forth through the whole area.

"Genius Loci" - In Roman mythology it represented the protective spirit of the place, and sometimes the God himself, while in modern use, it most often refers to the recognizable atmosphere of the location, the dominant spirit of the place of the past and its distinctive meaning, which is mostly felt, and not often seen.

Although de facto, ‘’Genius Loci’’ is not directly present, it is carefully sorted and logically and symbolically designed to be very clear and present as an irreplaceable note of the identity of the Serbian people rendered into a visual architectural urbanistic language.

Chronologically observed the development of Savamala dates back to 1830s, with the initial growth of villages outside the turkish trench area. In the next 50 years the need for the construction of the Main Railway Station emerged in order to connect Belgrade and Serbia with the rest of the world. Furthermore, in 1907, it became essential to connect the station and the port for several reasons such as development of trade and economy, increase in the number of inhabitants and finally the expansion of urban Belgrade towards Slavija and Vracar through Nemanjina street that was both then as it is now one of the main streets in Belgrade - (Stefan Nemanja - Serbian medieval ruler, statesman, venerable, visionary, revolutionary and Saint).

At the beginning of this decade, more precisely in 2012, the Belgrade City Government is implementing an old urbanistic idea, which was planed for decades, of lowering Belgrade to its rivers, the execution of the urbanization of the Sava Amphitheater started through the project "Belgrade Waterfront". This large intervention requires the relocation of both stations (Railway Station and Bus Station) and the preservation of the Railway Station building as Cultural State Property. The station building loses its purpose as such but the initiative is to transform it to the Historical Museum of Serbia.

The logical trail is that with the sublimation of Nemanjina Street and the Historical Museum, Savski Square itself gets a monument in honor of one of our greatest rulers and the creator of the Serbian medieval state.

Following this idea of the formation of the square through generations, the urban architectural concept is being proposed, which in symbolic terms goes a step further as homage to the glorious past, which Belgrade and the state of Serbia deserve.

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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URBANISATIC CONCEPT The urban space is always in the part of its contextual scope, obscure to the analytical human mind, and therefore the act of its transformation (of all its segments, functions, programs, forms etc.) is an inevitable assumption with an unknown outcome. Thus, the entity is a layered ‘’perceptive rebus’’ for the one who uses it as a component for creation. That is why it is considered to be great skill to choose the most authentic challenges, which within the framework of this content are adequate to our abilities of understanding and giving meaningfull solutions.

Through the analysis process, this area of the city square, and its inherited urban structure is divided into layers and smaller parts, with the goal of understanding the unique environment. When the ambient becomes clear in the context of a multitude of different elements, a unique logical system emerges. Consequently, additional possibilities of how to articulate and recast the encountered ambient (the language of this inherited urban structure), arise.

The above-mentioned moment of the awareness of the space contains a specific situation where the space itself is underutilized, but strongly intrigues and inspires with its existence by enabling a person to envision the area, and, with some small interventions, feel comfortable. But further away from this "imaginary polygon", Savamala, Terazije terrace and Savski trg should become program units that, successfully activate and stimulate cultural development as the most important product of their structure.

The major problem of the square is not so much a lack of content, but their affirmation and organization.

Reorganization of the square is achieved by the analytical disarrangement of the complex structure of the given ambient to different segments (urbanistic, traffic, architectural, symbolic, economic, ecological, cultural) of one unique concept as methodology that is reflected in the intervention that organizes the future SQUARE without car traffic, while enabling new views, spacious pedestrian paths adapted to levels of the field morphology, green surfaces and adequate functions that are understood by instinct and intuition. Bearing in mind the position of the Savski Square and its historical significance from the urbanistic point of view, the square has remained within its initial limits. A clearly visible shape of the square is described by a circle of 120m diameter with a center positioned on the entrance portal of the Railway Station. As such, it was designed in the spirit of the classical square by French architect Eduardo Lage more than a century ago.

Today's appearance, function and traffic situation of the square, despite its clear form, makes the Savski Square not a square in its essence, but a plateau in front of the old building of the Main Railway Station. By itself, it is just a transit station where people do not linger.

Given all the odds, destructive processes, contradictions and urban dichotomies, THIS SPACE SURVIVED, and its circular matrix remained respected. Our intention is to reaffirm the already established urban concept of the square through the reorganization of its existing structure, at a time when Belgrade clearly craves a place for gathering and other events.

Belgrade requires a SQUARE, and a SQUARE IS A PRODUCT OF THE CITY, STATE AND ITS SOCIETY. Therefore, the Savski Square in an urbanistic perspective has a dual role. The first is to unite and connect the Old part of Belgrade and the complex of Belgrade Waterfront at the Sava Amphitheater where the square would represent the portal of Belgrade to the rivers, and vice versa. This could result in Savski Square taking over the role of central city square. By this fact, we come to another important role of the square as an archetype of a public space designed and formed in order to attract and concentrate people.

Therefore, the Square needs new purpose, function, content and symbolism, so that it will become a new / old focus and a starting point for urban transformation and reconstruction of the city.

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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TRAFFIC CONCEPT The direct environment, especially around unit 1 - (Savski trg) in the traffic sense, is extremely busy, with a high concentration of different types of traffic. The current situation contains a serious traffic conflict primarily of car, rail and pedestrian traffic through a confused concept of movement and an extremely long distance from one side to the other of Savska Street. The existing square is divided into segments that are totally unrelated to each other and are not harmonized, due to the chaotic crossing of the main traffic routes in the city center.

Road traffic in the current state of the square affects its central zone and occupies a large area of the square which is in direct conflict with modern urban norms.

The proposed planned solution that abolishes the existing route of Savska Street and encourages its repositioning along the circle of the square to Nemanjina Street is clearly a better solution than the current traffic situation. Therewith, as such, this solution has 3 major flaws. First, the peripheral roadway physically separates the square which remains completely cut off and in no way remains connected to the old city core. Therefore, instead of the square, a plateau was formed in front of the former Railway Station. Secondly, the car traffic that we think should be as flow-through and secondary as possible remains very frequent with traffic lights when entering the peripheral road. In this way traffic occupies the surface of an approximate size of a square as is in the present state. The third shortage is the disconnection of objects that physically form the square itself but have no interaction with it.

Consequantly, a modification of a traffic solution is proposed that will directly determine our urbanarchitectural concept.

The traffic solution of the future square can be reflected upon so with a dual positive impact, which results in an even distribution of traffic outside the square, better flow and the existence of a square as pedestrian public space connecting the Sava amphitheater with the old city core.

The functional scheme of the square proposes a traffic solution that was guided by: • • •

the modern principle of non-breaking of pedestrian paths increasing the pedestrian zones hierarchical relocation of road traffic to lower tier, with the improvement of its efficiency, capacity and flow.

These benefits become possible in a way that most of the traffic drops below the ground.

The proposed traffic solution is fully based not only on the currently valid solution, but also on the main boulevard road of the "Belgrade Waterfront" complex (SAO 1, 3 + 3 lanes) planned to be constructed in the near future.

Taking into consideration the time needed for realization of this traffic-urbanistic solution, phase realization is foreseen.

Having in mind the new routes of the first and second tier roads through the Sava Amphitheater, as well as the future tunnel through the Terazije reef, the newly modified traffic solution relies on these future interventions in order to further be improved.

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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New solution proposes dropping under the ground for the 3 main roads that are entering the square, as follows: 1.

2.

3.

The direction from Nemanjina Street towards the square would have an underground tunnel below the square in 2 one-way lanes going towards Karadjordjeva Street,whilst one aboveground lane would have a dir ect connection with Savska Street (Gazela Bridge, Airport).

With this solution all existing directions from Nemanjina Street will be kept.

The direction from Savska Street towards the square would have an above-ground connection with Nemanjina Street in the width of two lanes, while the connection with Savamala (SavskaKaradjordjeva) would be realized by distributing the traffic before the square through the newlybuilt boulevard SAO 1.

The direction from Karadjordjeva Street towards the square would have an underground tunnel below the square in 2 one-way lanes going towards Savska Street, while the connection with Nemanjina street will be realized by distribution of traffic through the street of Gavrila Principa and Balkanska street in the form of 2 one-way lanes,or on the other hand, through the new boulevard SAO 1 to Savska Street.

Tram traffic on the square will be preserved at the place where it used to be and will not interfere with pedestrian ways. Tram stops are located on both sides at the square edges.

Bicycle path is situated behind the monument of Stefan Nemanja as a fast connection (two-way lane) between Savska and Karadjordjeva streets, although the whole area of the square can be used by cyclists.

Square is designed as people friendly in terms of traffic so pedestrians along with disabled persons can reach every corner of the square.

Public garage for vehicles is proposed to be on the basement floor below the surface of the future museum complex, connected with surface by the system of elevators and stairs. Garage is accessed through ramps with two entrances and two exits from SAO1 boulevard.

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT The next conceptual step is the creation of programme and flowing unit from what was initially the idea / intention of re-affirmation of the Savski Square. These next steps are designed from the synthesis of the spatial, historical, political and cultural profile of the site parallel to the perception of social relations.

The "user" (visitor, pedestrian, tourist) comes to the square where the ambient opens the possibility of intuitional movement and thus entangles it and pulls it into an experience that testifies the playful spatial forms, open ambient subcategories, different contents adepted to the needs of quality and comfortable stay.

The square, with its intense ambient, influences that the whole urban face-front (elevation) that surrounds it remains well-known, although restored with the "old" shine (restored original appearance of the facade of the old Post, as well as the upgrade of one floor of the hotel "Petrograd"), but now able to say, understand and offer much more.

Analyzed relationships in the concept are: old-new public-private individual-collective exterior-interior secular-spiritual physical-immaterial artificial-natural past-future heritage-anticipation passive-active pedestrian-traffic.

Reflecting upon these relationships leads to the creation of a new, inverse state in contrast to the one at hand.

Through a series of spatial sequences, we arrive at the legible and inspirational ambient that is transparent and accessible to the user.

In the ambient of the entire square ‘’we’’, as the users of this square, completely lose our materiality in its physicalness so that this new created ambient can embrace all our senses.

The answer to this conceptual setting "lies" in the square formed through an architectural urbanistic concept based on several different aspects - above mentioned traffic, social spatial, functional, symbolic historical, aspect of spatial sequences and an ecological aspect.

Socio Spatial - Square as a city reflection.

Functional - The square, as a place of gathering and hanging out as well as a new city central ambient which affirms the connection of the Sava amphitheater with the old core of Belgrade.

Symbolic - historical aspect - Represents the idea of transferring the symbolism of the monument of Stefan Nemanja to the area of the whole square. This intention, observed from the point of the monument itself, was achieved through a clear spatial division of the square into two parts. They indicate the two basic identities of his personality during his earthly life - STATESMANLIKE AND SPIRITUAL.

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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The left half of the square symbolizes the attitude of Stefan Nemanja towards the Serbian people, the Serbian tradition and the way of life that is inextricably linked to nature. Those values are expressed in the square through large green areas and the denivelation of the parterre that introduce visitors to the zone of cafe facilities, fostering the cult of Serbian hospitality.

The right half of the square is subordinated to the spiritual sphere of life of Stefan Nemanja (St. Simeon), which stems from the relationship he had with his real-life son Rastko, and the spiritual father Sava. It is precisely from these spiritual relations that some of the greatest cultural achievements originate from among which the most important one is the establishment of the Serbian Orthodox Church and the endowments - the monasteries Hilandar on Sveta Gora and Studenica in Raska. In fact, their spiritual opus and its symbolism in architectural sense is illustrated by a direct relation between the monuments of Stefana Nemanja and the St. Sava Hospital, in the form of PENETRATION through a spatial obstacle. The result of this penetration was the division of the aforementioned physical form into two unequal parts and thus formation of a pedestrian corridor in a functional sense.

Its symbolism clarifies the penetration of wisdom, which is an outcome of the new philosophy on which foundation the entire Serbian state was built over the centuries.

Aspect of Spatial Sequences - In process of design, the focus was at the scale and relations in the space, as well as moving through the space in the spatial chronological sequences divided into 5 phases: • • city • • • •

Square Plateau - the gathering of users in the central position of the square in front of the museum or monument as a reference in space.

Park Zone - the zone of relaxing and pleasant stay in a natural environment implemented in the core Chillout Relax Area - cafe and commercial facilities Open Space Memorial - memorial educational contents Commercial Promenade - moving through urban city landscape enriched by diverse content (amenities) Museum Piazza - a small pizzetta in front of the entrance to the museum, with a spacious visual installation.

Ecological aspect - The negative impact of road traffic on any ecological environment or eco system is wellknown, due to the emission of enormous amounts of harmful gases, and additional heat emission. For this reason, by lowering the traffic below the level of the terrain, a large area of free urban space opens up, which is ideal for the formation of the system of urban oasis.

This green belt would have the function of the "lungs" of this part of the city.

Vast amounts of vegetation and greenery would be preserved, and also the number of existing young maple trees, platinum (Platanus) and sofore (Sophora japonica L.) would multiply.

In addition, the already significant importance of the mentioned cultures, which have colossal biological significance, are additionally emphasized so that they ideally fit into the final concept. Their role will be positive in solving problems in the field of ecology, because they would in the first place highlight the purification of already sufficiently polluted air in the city. Also, by arranging the public area in this way, new possibilities and different forms of traffic flows through urban zones open up, which positively effect on the users. In the forefront the possibility of a safer and healthier movement through the urban environment opens up.

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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CONTENT / FUNCTION As already emphasized by the architectural concept, the division of the square into two parts, symbolizes the two phases of life of prominent ruler and priest Stefan Nemanja.

In this way, the symbolism is consciously respected in a functional sense. Namely, the contents are positioned according to the division of the square as a whole and organized into two large zones that are of similar value and correspond with each other.

In the "public zone" located on the left side, looking from the Main Railway Station to Nemanjina Street, there are commercial and cafe facilities that are organized as part of the ground and underground floors of the already existing facilities on the square.

On the periphery of the semicircular square, a spatial curve in the form of a slope is thought to descend from Nemanjina Street as the central point of the frontier.

It provides a glimpse of the entire square and its primary purpose is communicative. Because of its geometry, the possibility of forming commercial content below it has appeared. Also, through this part of the square, the parks with public contents and all the necessary mobiliary are subordinated for pleasant stay in them.

On the other hand, on the "spiritual” or right-hand side, starting from the already defined reference level of observation, there is a postament whose role is primarily of memorial-educational character towards all the visitors and users in the space.

The intention is to incorporate texts and quotations from history that testify to the tradition, religion and culture of the Serbian people.

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There are also already existing facilities of the hospital, while on an empty plot right next to it, it is proposed an object that can functionally be related to culture as well as Old Post building across the Savska street (gallery, bookstore, museum, library, etc.).

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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INFRASTRUCTURE / CONSTRUCTION In the newly designed situation, the problems of the organization of the infrastructure were treated, as well as the adequate implementation of the new into the already existing. In particular, the sewage pumping station, as the competition task emphasizes, remains in the existing building's dimensions through a vertical communication whose entrance is within the right part of the memorial complex.

underground traffic tunnels

Besides the idea that the traffic flows decent to subterranean tunnels, which are parallel in its entirety, another central underground corridor is designed, that with its dimensions and position adequately meets the standards for the implementation of necessary infrastructure.

The proposed infrastructure corridor does not intersect all three peripheral streets.

In this way, the infrastructural node was dispersed, which was one of the priority problems for solving.

Maintenance of the infrastructural corridor of this type is much more gratifying, as the technical services for repairing can easily access the site to solve the problem in several ways, depending on the degree of damage and the type of potential harm that may occur. The primary way is through the openings on the plateau itself, or from the outside by a vertical connection. An alternative way, used in case of major physical damages, is the horizontal link accessed through the tunnel where the technical support with vehicles can approach and solve the problem.

The curved spatial form that performs the function of the promenade, and also represents the ceilings of the cafe facilities and amenities, is structurally resolved as a reinforced concrete skeleton structure.

The dimensions of the cross-sections of the main structural elements represented by the project are approximatively determined by the type of construction and its role.

infrastructural corridor

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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AMBIENCE / MATERIALIZATION Looking from architectural point of view, it was most logical to materialize the whole surface of the square by following the its form and circular shape where all radial lines are confronted in one central point.

The concept of pavement materialization is closely formulated by its direction and symbology behind the whole concept of the square. Subsequently, that main determination is future History Museum building. In other words, that will be above all others, the main reason to visit this new city square. From architectural point of view, it was most logical to follow the square form and its circular shape where all radial rays go in the same central point.

Pavement is predominantly done in granite blocks (type:Jablanica granite stones) known for its endurance in 3 shades of gray varying in texture and size. This granite stone has been already used in Belgrade and it turned out quite outstanding. The whole surface is done in one level and according to international standards for people with difficulties. Tactile routs for blind are integrated in the pavement.

Beside clear manmade pavement and blacktop (asphalt roads) surface treatment, the majority of the square is covered in grass and low overgrowth that gives a natural feeling and ambience.

PHASING / ECONOMICAL ASPECT The entire scope of intervention at the site is planned and organized by levels or phases, where the main reason for such approach is the justification of the economic aspect of the proposed potential investment.

The realization is divided in 5 phases, according to the priority and capacity of their use: ∑ Construction of above-ground traffic connection (Nemanjina street - Savska street) ∑ traffic disposition gradually all around to alternative directions during the whole square reconstruction (Balkanska Street, Gavrila Principa Street, kneza Miloša street) ∑ underground works in the area of the square interventions simultaneously with other 2 previous phases ∑ plantation of trees and vegetation ∑ positioning and equipping of ground square level mobiliary

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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UNIT 2 - Luka Ćelović PLATEAU URBAN INSTALATION The square formed by Travnička and Karađorđeva streets belongs to the area of former Mali pijac (Little Market), the center of the Savska Varoš (Sava Town). Little market took place between today’s hotel ‘’Bristol’’ and the Belgrade Corporative building to the street Svetozara Radića. In the past it had all the features of the square.

Following the further development of Savamala, the surrounding area become home to the estates to the respectable merchants and lawyers, turning it into an elite neighborhood reserved for the riches and the most renewed citizens of Belgrade. There was an initiative, however never realized, of square reconstruction with fountain as its landmark of Savamala called - Nymph of Sava. This was even before the First World War in 1911. Until now nothing happened.

As one of historically most valuable parts of Belgrade, this area is a multiple place of identity in the historical context, comprising a number of cultural monuments with high rank of protection, such as Belgrade Corporative building.

The founder, great benefactor and philanthropist of this architectural gem is Luka Ćelović Trebinjac. He was a wealthy merchant and rentier who left all property to the Belgrade University.

The Square in front of Corporative Belgrade building has been designed as a small piazza for relaxation and quick break while waiting the tram. Since, the surrounding area is a cultural cluster and subcultural hub for creative industries and activities, the piazza can also be the place for meeting or meditation during the time spent in facilities around.

The idea is that this smaller Unit 2 - Square/Plateau will be dedicated to Luka Ćelović, as a homage to his character and work contribution for life, and afterwards.

The design is simple, compressed to a level of urban pocket concentrated on the design suitable for younger population.

Square follows the street line on one side, while on the other it is opened towards the building via street bench in accordance to amorphous shape of the square. The vague shape reflects the heritage environment around it.The mini amphitheater is in the center of piazza.

Two tree trunks are well-known Trebinjski platinum (Platanus) that give a shadow and make the stay more enjoyable. Since, the square is on the pedestrian and bicycle trajectory, the fountain on the highest part of the plateau can provide refreshment to the passers-by.

There is an intention of the proposal of a sitting monument of Luka as a typical Serbian from early 19th century, abstractedly looking over ‘’his’’ neighborhood.

The pavement is the same as at Unit 1 - Savski square, mixture of granite and natural stone blocks.

URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE

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URBAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION FOR SAVSKI SQUARE AREA AND SQUARE AT THE CORNER OF KARAĐORĐEVA AND TRAVNIČKA STREETS, BELGRADE