Facets of an upcuming Industrial hub-A case study of Gurgaon- Manesar

FACETS OF AN UPCOMING URBAN INDUSTRIAL HUB A CASE STUDY OF GURGAON - MANESAR

DISSERTATION 2011- 2012

SUBMITTED BY: RAMAN KUMAR SINGH (URP 2010)

GUIDED BY: PROF. VISHAL DUBEY

FACULTY OF PLANNING AND PUBLIC POLICY, CEPT UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD- 380009

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis titled “Facets of An Upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case Study of Gurgaon-Manesar� has been submitted by Mr. Raman Kumar Singh (URP2010) towards partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Masters Degree in Planning with specialization in Urban and Regional Planning. This is a bonafide work of the student and has not been submitted to any other university for award of any Degree/Diploma.

Dr. C. N. Ray

Prof. Vishal Dubey

Chairperson

Dissertation Guide

Dissertation Committee 2011-2012

Date: 7 May 2012

UNDERTAKING

I, Raman Kumar Singh, the author of the thesis titled “Facets of An Upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case Study of Gurgaon-Manesar�, hereby declare that this is an independent work of mine, carried out towards partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Masters Degree in Planning with specialization in Urban and Regional Planning, at the Faculty of Planning and Public Policy, CEPT University, Ahmedabad. This work has not been submitted to any other institution for the award of any Degree/Diploma.

Raman Kumar Singh (URP2010) Urban and Regional Planning Date: 7 May 2012 Place: Ahmedabad

Disclaimer

This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Faculty of Planning and Public Policy, CEPT University. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hereby acknowledge my deep gratitude to Prof. VISHAL DUBEY, for the kind and keen interest he invoked for the present study through the instructions and discussions and the degree of freedom he accorded to me in shaping the course of this Dissertation report.

I am highly grateful to Dr. C.N. RAY, chairperson, Dissertation Committee 2011-12, for providing necessary facility during my project report work.

My sincere thanks goes to CEPT Library and its Staff, The Ratan Tata Library of Delhi School of Economics and Inflibnet which provided valuable data and information.

Finally I acknowledge my sincere thanks to my parents and friends who gave moral encouragement and emotional support in every possible way.

Raman Kumar Singh URP2010

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

CONTENT Certificate Undertaking Acknowledgement List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………….…………iii List of Figure………………………………………………………………………………………….………iv Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………………………..……..v Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..vi

Table of Contents 1

Introduction 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Conceptual Framework............................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Literature Review........................................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Aim and Objective ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Hypothesis ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Theories supporting the hypothesis ................................................................................ 8 1.6.1 Cumulative Causation Theory.................................................................................... 8 1.6.2 Bid rent theory..................................................................................................................... 8 1.7 Database and Methodology ................................................................................................... 9 1.8 Study area...................................................................................................................................... 10 1.9 Organization of dissertation .............................................................................................. 11

2

Study Area: Gurgaon – Manesar 13 2.1 Description of Study area .................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Demographic Feature............................................................................................................. 14 2.3 Population distribution & density .................................................................................. 15 2.4 Urbanization level .................................................................................................................... 16 2.5 Population Projection by different Agency............................................................... 18 2.6 Landuse Compatibility........................................................................................................... 18 2.6.1 Residential........................................................................................................................... 20 2.6.2 Industrial .............................................................................................................................. 20 2.6.3 Proposals of Additional Road Links between Delhi and Gurgaon .... 21 2.7 Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 22

3

Spatial Growths and Morphology 23 3.1 Urban Morphology of Gurgaon......................................................................................... 23 3.2 Urban Expansion of Gurgaon spatial/ temporal.................................................... 24 3.3 Gurgaon urban Agglomeration......................................................................................... 25 3.4 Functional Perspective and Interdependency ........................................................ 26 3.5 Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 28 i Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

4

Field documentation and analysis 29 4.1 Relation between Field Study and scope of study ................................................ 29 4.2 Correlation between industrial growth and urbanization .............................. 31 4.2.1 Growth trend of industrialization ......................................................................... 31 4.2.2 Land-use pattern in the existing industrial estates ................................... 33 4.3 Urban growth pattern in relation to industrialization ...................................... 36 4.4 Functional dependency......................................................................................................... 37 4.4.1 Change in the Economy of Haryana, Gurgaon and region...................... 37 4.4.2 Transformation from Agricultural to industrial Economy,................... 38 4.4.3 Change in occupational pattern. ............................................................................ 39 4.4.4 Change in working pattern. ...................................................................................... 40 4.5 Migration pattern ..................................................................................................................... 42 4.6 Impact of industrialization on the immediate Neighbourhood. .................. 44 4.6.1 Economic dependency of Villages ....................................................................... 47 4.7 Industrial Housing in Gurgaon ......................................................................................... 48 4.7.1 IMT Manesar Residential Sector-1 ....................................................................... 50 4.7.2 Residential Facilities ..................................................................................................... 50 4.8 Policy Incentives ....................................................................................................................... 51 4.9 Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 52

5

Institutional setup and policy intervention 53 5.1 Existing NCR policies and its Impact ............................................................................ 54 5.2 Review of Industrial Policies in Haryana ................................................................... 55 5.2.1 Industrial and Investment Policy-2011 ............................................................ 55 5.3 Urban development Regulation in Haryana............................................................. 57 5.3.1 Norms and Standards ................................................................................................... 57

6

Finding and Suggestions 60 6.1 Finding............................................................................................................................................. 60 6.2 Suggestive Measures............................................................................................................... 61

Annexure

62

Bibliography

65

ii

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

List of Tables Table 1. Demographic details of Haryana Sub-Region befor creation of Palwal... 15 Table 2. Demographic details of Gurgaon district.................................................................... 15 Table 3. Population Projection ............................................................................................................. 18 Table 4.Landuse Break Up ...................................................................................................................... 19 Table 5. Industrial Development in Gurgaon .............................................................................. 32 Table 6. Landuse Break Up of Industrial Estate ........................................................................ 34 Table 7. Existing Infrastructure........................................................................................................... 35 Table 8. Reasons of Migration .............................................................................................................. 43 Table 9. Place of last Residence ........................................................................................................... 43 Table 10. Existing Infrasturture in Villages.................................................................................. 46 Table 11. Slums Locations in Gurgaon and Manesar.............................................................. 49 Table 12. Land use standards for Industrial Estate ................................................................ 57 Table 13. Size .................................................................................................................................................. 57 Table 14.Minimum size of plot............................................................................................................. 58 Table 15. .Social infrastructure of industrial ............................................................................... 58 Table 16.Commercial Area ..................................................................................................................... 59 Table 17.Social Infrastructure .............................................................................................................. 59 Table 18.Social Building ........................................................................................................................... 59

iii

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

List of Figure Figure 1. Location Map.............................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 2. Population of Gurgaon ......................................................................................................... 14 Figure 3. Population Density ................................................................................................................. 16 Figure 4. Urbanization- Haryana ........................................................................................................ 17 Figure 5. Landuse Break up- 2011- 2021...................................................................................... 19 Figure 6.Map showing New sectors added in Master plan ................................................. 20 Figure 7. Major Roads Connecting Delhi- Gurgaon- Manesar ........................................... 21 Figure 8. Satellite Imagery showing build and Non- build. ................................................ 24 Figure 9. Gurgaon Urban Agglomeration 2001.......................................................................... 25 Figure 10.Growth rate urban population ...................................................................................... 25 Figure 11. Gurgaon- Manesar Urban Complex Boundary 2021 ...................................... 26 Figure 12. Growth Trend of Industries ........................................................................................... 32 Figure 13. Industrial Growth in Gurgaon. .................................................................................... 33 Figure 14. Urban Population Growth Trend ................................................................................ 36 Figure 15. Map showing urban Growth .......................................................................................... 37 Figure 16. Transfortmation of Economy........................................................................................ 38 Figure 17. Occupational Pattern.......................................................................................................... 39 Figure 18. Job Pattern of People working in Manesar but residing in Gurgaon .... 40 Figure 19. Migration Pattern ................................................................................................................. 41 Figure 20. Sample Size for Migration ............................................................................................... 42 Figure 21. Duration of Stay..................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 22. Distance Chart of Villages................................................................................................ 45 Figure 23. Economic dependency Villages ................................................................................... 47 Figure 24. No. of workers........................................................................................................................ 48 Figure 25. Shortage of Housing............................................................................................................ 49 Figure 26.Landuse Distribution of Residential Sector........................................................... 51

iv

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Abbreviations HUDA HSIIDC NCRPB TCPH GUDA CCT CBD NCR IT ITES BPO HPCB GMUC IMT MCI+ OG

v

Haryana urban development authority Haryana state industrial and infrastructure Development Corporation limited National Capital Region Planning Board Town and Country Planning Haryana Gurgaon urban development Authority Cumulative causation theory Central Business District National capital region Information technology Information Technology Enterprise Solutions Business process outsourcing Haryana Pollution control Board Gurgaon _ Manesar Urban complex Integrated Model Township Municipal Corp + Outgrowth

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Abstract Urbanization and economic growth are considered to be the most striking features of the past century. There is currently a radical demographic shift in progress worldwide, wherein people are moving from rural to urban areas at an increasing rate. The UN-Habitat report 2005 indicates that in 2025, 61 per cent of the 5 billion world population will reside in the urban areas with about 85 per cent of the development process taking place in the urban hinterlands widely referred to as ‘peri-urban’, ‘suburbs’, ‘urban fringe’, ‘city edge’, ‘metropolitan shadow’, or ‘urban sprawl’.

In this context the study is broadly concerned with understanding the development of the industrial hub in the Gurgaon and its impact on the immediate neighborhood.

However studies have revealed that with the increase of industrial development the growth pattern changes rapidly, not only the growth of the urban area but the overall economy shifts from more agrarian to non-agrarian, with the change in the occupational pattern of the people. The process is mainly known as Tertiarization, where number of tertiary activities increases in comparison to primary or secondary. The change in the occupational pattern creates a pull factor on its immediate neighborhood, which triggers the in- migrations from the rural areas as people come in the core urban area in search of the better job opportunities and increased standards of living.

But this gives way to the unplanned growth of the urban fringe and the villages which tends accommodate the migrants and in turn the pressure on the socio economical infrastructure increases. so it becomes increasing necessary for the government institution and policy level intervention to provide an overall socio-economical growth along with rapid industrial growth.

vi

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

1

2012

Introduction

1.1 Background Urbanization plays an important role in the whole process of reconstruction of economy, particularly in stimulating the process of industrialization. After various analyses it has been found that both have a direct implication on each other as there are no conclusions been provided regarding whether urbanization leads to industrialization or vice-versa, but it is a proved fact that they are interrelated and they co-exist.

Cities grew by agglomeration during and after the Industrial Revolution, which was initiated by Europe in the mid 80s. One trend occurring in the industrialized core is the development of urban conurbation; large, multi- metropolitan complexes formed by the merging of two or more major urban areas (Bosnywash, the Boston-New YorkWashington D.C.), another trend that is occurring more frequently in the developing world is the rise of megacities; vast metropolitan areas (Paris) 1.

Yet another concept developed during urbanization is Nucleation (agglomeration) resulting from the oil industry has much to do with some of the high levels of urbanization It is observed that industrial development in any region attracts people from the neighboring and remote areas. The push effect of the rural areas forces the people to move towards the towns to avail the better opportunities in terms of economics standard and social well being. Moreover the growth of industries at a particular location generates economies of scale which attracts new entrepreneurs to come and locate their industries. Once the industries gather momentum it leads to regional development and urbanization through the agglomeration of economies.

There are more than 300 cities with populations over 1 million in the world which are designated as the Megacities, which are located in the less prosperous parts of the world. People continue to migrate to cities in response to “pull� factors (e.g., jobs, better life, etc) that are often more imaginary than real. Cities in the periphery generally lack enforceable zoning laws, which are drawn up to ensure that space is used in ways that the society deems to be culturally and environmentally acceptable. The pull effect continuously attracts the people to settle down in the periphery or the urban fringes seeking for better life and job opportunities. The changing pattern of urbanization has made it difficult to place it under certain model.

The city of Gurgaon in Haryana has seen the growth over the years as the expansion of the national capital, Delhi and has been often confused as the part of Delhi. , Gurgaon is one of India’s fastest growing districts, having grown more than 70% since 2001.

1

United Nations (1993) World Urbanization Prospects- The 1992 Revision, United Nations. New Work.

1

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

As any urban fringe grows, Gurgaon had grown without the major infrastructure that is usually required for the urban development, like sewer or drainage system; reliable electricity or water; and public sidewalks, adequate parking, decent roads or any citywide system of public transportation. The government has engaged and has been depended on the private investors to take the initiatives for the development, but the results have not been very positive, there still lies a gap in the infrastructure and the amenities needed.

The real estate prices have been astronomical in Gurgaon region. The global outsourcing demand and its proximity to Delhi have made Gurgaon an ideal location for private business. The rise and success of its private sector has proven Gurgaon to be more efficient than the government itself in filling in civic and infrastructural gaps. But problems like inconstant electricity, pollution, very limited transportation and water scarcity persist.

So, cities like Gurgaon was a small village before becoming part of Delhi’s metropolitan hub is not singular in India; as the boundaries of Indian cities expand, they encroach upon rural areas ill-equipped to handle urban demands. In this dynamic, what has happened is that the disparity between the haves and have-nots is sharper, and the situation obviates the necessity of greater investment and intervention to make Gurgaon and others like it a stronger city.

The out growths of the cities have usually results from the introduction of the industrialization, which though brings about the economic growth of the city but its pull effect calls forth the fringe extension. The industrialization also gives rise to the industrial hub, where the pragmatic industrial policy coupled with land development and a transport allotment process from the backbone of industrial development.

The industrial and investment policy of 2011 has been instrumental in creating a global platform for development and growth of industries in Haryana. Excellent law and order situation, cordial labour relations, quality infrastructure facilities, simplified rules and procedures and cosmopolitan ambience has made Haryana a preferred destination for investment by local and multinational companies. Today, Haryana has 1347 large and medium units and about 80000 small scale units. Manufacturing sector occupies the second important place in the state economy after agriculture and allied sectors. The share of secondary sector which also includes manufacturing sector has increased from 28.5 percent during 1999-2000 to 29.7 percent during 2007-08. The exports from Haryana during the year 2007-08 have crossed Rs. 30000 crore of which an investment of Rs. 9000 crore has come up after the implementation of the industrial policy of 2005.

The state has received 98 proposals for the setting up of special economic zones (SEZs) with a projected of more than Rs. 200000 crore and employment potential for more than 21 lakh persons. Of these, 63 proposals have been granted in principles’/formal approval by government of India. During the year 2008-09 (up to December, 2008), 7 SEZ proposals were received with an investment of Rs. 3819.47 crore and employment potential for 100000 persons.

2

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

1.2

2012

Conceptual Framework

Urbanization Urbanization is an index of transformation from traditional rural economies to modern industrial one. It is progressive concentration (Davis, 1965) of population in urban unit.

Quantification of urbanization is very difficult. It is a long term process. Kingsley Davis has explained urbanization as process (Davis, 1962) of switch from spread out pattern of human settlements to one of concentration in urban centers. It is a finite process, a cycle through which a nation passes as they evolve from agrarian to industrial society (Davis and Golden, 1954) 2. He has mentioned three stages in the process of urbanization. Stage one is the initial stage characterized by rural traditional society with predominance in agriculture and dispersed pattern of settlements. Stage two refers to acceleration stage where basic restructuring of the economy and investments in social overhead capitals including transportation, communication take place. Proportion of urban population gradually increases from 25% to 40%, 50%, 60% and so on.

Dependence on primary sector gradually decreases. Third stage is known as terminal stage where urban population exceeds 70% or more. At this stage level of urbanization (Davis, 1965) remains more or less same or constant. Rate of growth of urban population and total population becomes same at this terminal stage.

The onset of modern and universal process of urbanization is relatively a recent phenomenon and is closely related with industrial revolution and associated economic development. As industrial revolution started in Western Europe, United Kingdom was the initiator of Industrial Revolution. Historical evidence suggests that urbanization process is inevitable and universal. Currently developed countries are characterized by high level of urbanization and some of them are in final stage of urbanization process and experiencing slowing down of urbanization due to host of factors (Brockerhoff, 1999; Brockerhoff and Brennam 1998)3. A majority of the developing countries, on the other hand started experiencing urbanization only since the middle of 20th century .

Industrialization Industrialization is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. 4

2

Da vies Kingsley and Golden H.H.(1954) : " Urbanisa tion and devel opment in pre-Indus trialAreas", Economic DevelopmentandCulturalChange , Vol .3 no 1 3 Brockerhoff, M. and Brennam, E (1998) The poverty of ci ties in Developing Regions, Populations andDevelopment Review, Vol 24, No 1, pp 75-114 4 Sulli van, Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Economi cs : Principles in a ction. Upper Saddle Ri ver, New Jersey 07458: Pea rson Prenti ce Hall. p.472.

3

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Industrialization also introduces a form of philosophical change where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalization.

There is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development. 5 Key positive factors identified by researchers have ranged from favorable political-legal environments for industry and commerce, through abundant natural resources of various kinds, to plentiful supplies of relatively low-cost, skilled and adaptable labour.

As industrial workers incomes rise, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tend to expand and provide a further stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth.

Industrial Hub Industrial hub is a tract of area developed according to a plan for group of industrial enterprises and infrastructure.

Industrial hub predominant land use is industrial with supported facilities and services and residential areas for self-sufficiency.

Urban Fringe The term “urban Fringe” is used co terminus to the periphery of town and cities, where the process of sprawling has started or taken place. It refers to an annular belt adjoining a city, which is in the processes of conversion to urban area. 6

SIR SIRs are global investment destinations, with the objective of achieving high economic growth for the country with massive employment generation. SIRs host industries across various sectors supported by modern infrastructure, premium civic amenities, centers of excellence and proactive policy framework.7

SEZ A Special Economic Zone in short SEZ is a geographically bound zones where the economic laws in matters related to export and import are more broadminded and liberal as compared to rest parts of the country. SEZs are projected as duty free area for the purpose of trade, operations, duty and tariffs. SEZ units are self-contained and integrated having their own infrastructure and support services. Within SEZs, a units may be set-up for the manufacture of goods and other activities including processing, assembling, trading, repairing, reconditioning, making of gold/silver, platinum jewellery 5

Lewis F. Abbott, Theories Of Industrial Modernisation & Enterprise Development: A Review, ISM/Google Books , revised 2nd edi tion, 2003.

6 Pa rkhi.S,(2011),the Urban Fringes of Indian Ci ties , The Concept of Urban fringe and the basis for Deina tion,pp55-62 7 GIDC SIR Boucher, vibra nt Guja ra t 2011

4

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

etc. As per law, SEZ units are deemed to be outside the customs territory of India.

Goods and services coming into SEZs from the domestic tariff area or DTA are treated as exports from India and goods and services rendered from the SEZ to the DTA are treated as imports into India. 8

Tertiarization Term used to refer to the development of the tertiary (service) sector and the growing proportion of employment (both of men and, particularly, of women) represented by this sector as compared with the primary and secondary sectors.

1.3 Literature Review 1. As per the vision given by Chief Minister, Bhupinder Singh Hooda, Gurgaon is growing as a preferred global destination for IT/ITES/BPO Units. Beside the availability of land and infrastructure development for IT/ITES/BPO Units has been a major concern for the Gurgaon govt. Dedicated areas for IT has been set up In Gurgaon, However one sector has been exclusively reserved for IT industries in Industrial Model Township, Manesar 9 2. The times of India reports10 that Gurgaon – Manesar witnessed an unprecedented growth in the last 10 years following the IT and ITES revolution in the country. It has become such as important/ popular destination for commercial real estate that the rental have gone up almost three fold in the last three decades.

3. Gurgaon-Manesar Urban complex Plan 2021 will offer another 33,726 hectare of land for development. This will make it a new growth centre for the NCR. According to the Gurgaon-Manesar plan, Singh said 11, 58 more sectors will be developed in addition to the existing 57, taking the number of sectors to 115.

4. Research paper 12 has tried to the understanding of the potentialities of manufacturing industry as an instrument for regional economic balancing policies. The problem of the relationship between the spatial development of industry and the distribution of population, employment and services, as expressed in the pattern of urbanization has been explained.

5. The spatial and gradient analysis carried out in the research article 13 at a local landscape level of Gurgaon to quantify and understand the urban dynamics 8

http://www.eximguru.com/exim/special_economic_zone_sez/ch_1_introducti on.asp Vision 2010,Ha ryana ,”Deprtment of Town And Country Planning” 10 Sinha. Prashaka r, 2007,”Residence to dri ve real ty” Times of India, Aug 18.

11 Ha rinder Singh ,Realisti c Real tor 12 Beckman.G, 1967,” Spatial aspects on the intera ction between Indus trial development and urbani za tion in Ghana ” pp 85.

13 Jain. S et al , 2011,”Spa tial Metri cs to anal yze the Impa ct of Regional Fa ctors on Pa ttern of Urbani zation in Gurgaon”, Indian Ins ti tute of Remote Sensin g, Februa ry, pp-203-212 9

5

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

revealed that the urban development of Gurgaon is taking place in respond to the regional setting and the major transportation corridor. This growth even follows a certain direction, where there is compact and continuous growth along the west, northwest, and southwest direction and fragmented along north, eastern south east, and southern east south direction of the NH-8 from Delhi to Jaipur.

6. In the review14 of the Master Plan of Jaipur, the changing character of the fringe in response to the urban development is seen. Though the rapid urbanization has lead to the spatial growth it engulfs up-on the millions of hectors of agricultural area with the ever increasing demand for the housing and infrastructure development. The industrial development at Sudarshanpur, south Jaipur has also rendered a character to the city’s development. Thus we find a chaotic growth of the Jaipur urban fringe with the un-planned scattered growth.

7. The haphazard growth of the urban fringe is also noticed in the developed cities like Bangalore 15. Thus a co-ordinate approach is needed where the various authorities of the city and the various stakeholders to develop a comprehensive plan for the urban fringe development.

8. Baleshwar Thakur on the other hand in his article16 stresses on the physiographic differences of the urban area which plays a crucial role in the socio-economic and environmental differentiation of the fringe. Though the growth is irregular and non-uniform, it usually takes in to account the corridor for the expansion, as in case of the fringe of Delhi.

9. The Urban local bodies and the authorities become responsible and liable for the adequate and planned growth of the urban fringes as in case of the Vadodara 17, where the rapid urbanization an industrialization have directly shown its effect on the unruly growth and scattering development of the fringe area. The fringe has also been undesired due to the inadequate availability of the public transport, and chaotic transport system, unavailability of portable water, unprecedented growth of informal sectors have all stood in the way of integration and interaction among various functional areas of the city.

14

Sha rma .H.S and Mishra .R.N, 2011 “Evalua tion of Master Plans and Changing Cha ra cter of Fri nge a reas of Jaipur”, pp-143-159 15 Ba rai .D.C, 2011“Integra ted Approach for Cha ra cteri zation of Urban Fringe Area ”, pp 160-170 16 Thakur. B, , “The s tructure and Dynami csof the Urban Fringe of Delhi”,pp -173-189 17 Rangaswami . V, 2011 “ Urban Fringe of Vadoda ra ”, pp -191-200

6

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

1.4 Aim and Objective AIM To understand the development of the industrial hub in Gurgaon Manesar region and to study the impact of industrialization on its immediate neighborhood.

OBJECTIVES:  To assess the influence of industrial growth on urban development of Gurgaon- Manesar region.  To understand the change in the functional dependency of the region.  Assess the Socio-economic Impact on the livelihood transformation of the people in the immediate surroundings.  Policy level intervention by the Government.

Objective

To assess the influence of industrial growth on urban development of GurgaonManesar

Activity

Inference

a.

Whether the planning is appropriate and meets with the norms.

Area delineation-

b.

Correlation between industries urbanization growth pattern. c.

Changing demographic pattern.

and

d.

Landuse Standard for the industrial Estate. e.

Existing social infrastructure.

Functional interdependency on the region.

To understand the change in the functional dependency of the region

Assess the Socio-economic Impact on the livelihood transformation of the people in the immediate Neighborhood Policy level intervention by the different Agency.

a.

Change in economy.

b.

Change in occupational pattern.

c.

Change in working pattern.

a.

Neighborhood Description.

b.

Migration pattern.

Pronounced change in the economy and working pattern

Identification of the type of impact.

c.

Change in village economy and character form. d.

Pressure on the Physical infrastructure due to the migration Review the proposals by different Govt. agencies

Is there any need for reframing the proposals

1.5 Hypothesis The development of an industrial center/hub need not always bring about a Positive effect but adds to the socio-economic pressure on its immediate neighborhood.

7

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

1.6 Theories supporting the hypothesis

1.6.1

Cumulative Causation Theory

CC theory is well known as a typical logic of “positive feedback”, by G. Myrdal (1957) CC theory has a long history and has rather emphasized the circular and cumulative character in the process.

Myrdal’s CC theory is the theory for “development”. By the word of “development”, Myrdal means more than mere increasing production. His CC theory includes institutional and political factors besides the demand and supply.

Concerning institutional factors in the analysis, he insisted that both economic and noneconomic factors should be included in the analysis due to substantial importance equally and the theory allows the possibility and necessity of the social reform by introducing policies.

The theory describes the circle and the relation of the developed and the undeveloped nations. There were mainly four aspects on which the theory was explained. 

“Backwash effects” in order to explain the increasing economic inequality between developed countries and underdeveloped countries.



“spread effects” which describes the potential possibility of a convergent process along with the development and its neighboring areas



Institutional factors, which plays an important role in the defining the role of the institution to shape the development process



Political implications, which implied in policies to turn over the economic forces composing the “vicious” circle. He showed the “equality” as his most important value premise and insisted the policies based on the “equality” will induce higher economic growth

Myrdal’s CC theory can be characterized in three points. The first is that his CC theory is not a simple logic of polarization process, because it includes not only “backwash affects” but also “spread effects”. The second is that his CC theory is supposed to consist of both “economic” and “non-economic” factors. The third is that his CC theory exists as the theoretical foundation of egalitarian policies

1.6.2

Bid rent theory

It is a geographical theory that refers to how the price and demand on land changes with the distance from the CBD (Central Business District) increases.

It states that different land users will compete with one and other for land close to the city centre. This is based upon the idea that retail establishments wish to maximize their profitability, so they are much more willing to pay more for land close to the CBD and 8

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

less for land further away from this area. This theory is based upon the reasoning that the more accessible an area, the more profitable it is going to be.

The different land users all compete with one and other for the more accessible land.

The amount that they are willing to pay is called Bid Rent. As a direct result of this, a pattern of concentric rings of land use develops. It could be assumed that, according to this theory, the poorest houses and buildings will be on the very outskirts of the City (the suburbs), as that is the only place that they can afford to occupy. However, in modern times this is rarely the case, as many people prefer to trade off the accessibility of being close to the CBD, and move to the edges of the settlement, where it is possible to buy more land for the same amount of money (as Bid Rent states). Likewise, lower income housing trades off greater living space for greater accessibility to employment.

For this reason low income housing is found in the inner city, and high income housing is at the edges of the settlement.

1.7 Database and Methodology Based on the literature review on the recent development of the Gurgaon and the Manesar region of the objectives are set, to analyze the impact of the industrial growth on the urban spatial pattern of the region and its immediate neighborhood. The study will revolve around the existing spatial linkages that have lead to the growth factor of the region, the dynamics of the spatial morphology , socio-economic impact and the understand of the institutional set up and policies.

Theoretical framework: In this, the definitions, components, classification are looked into various reports, articles, published and unpublished thesis. This stage will provide the definition of industrial hub, components. The concepts described here are the Industrialization, urbanization, industrial hub, urban fringes the new industrial developments like the SIR and SEZ which has found potential in the Gurgaon Manesar region. The concepts that will be explained in the chaps like the Spatial and temporal growth is also explained here.

Data collection: Data is collect on various aspects from primary sources and secondary sources. In this stage data related to population, land use, industrial development and industrial infrastructure are collected from various sources.

The primary data is collected and conceptualized from the survey conducted in the region and the FGD conducted with the people residing in and around the region.

The secondary sources are HSIIDC, GUDA, HPCB, Town and County Planning.

Data analysis: Based on the data collection, analysis is done. Data collection is compare with the norms and standards and the shortage, problem, trend are calculated which shows the industrial development of Gurgaon city.  Changing pattern of commuters  Changes in inherent character of villages  Shifting of Housing demand results shortage 9

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar



2012

Study Growth model

Recommendation: Proposing ways to rectify the negative impact of industrial development on Gurgaon and further giving recommendations for rectify the errors.

1.8 Study area Gurgaon is the second largest city in the state of Haryana. Gurgaon is the industrial and financial center of Haryana and is also the part of the National Capital Region. It was identified as a satellite city in 1962; Gurgaon is within commuting distance of Delhi via an expressway and Delhi MRTS. Manesar is a fast growing industrial town in Gurgaon district of the State of Haryana in India, and is a part of the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi. It is an upcoming area of NCR. Some of the developers have added a new tag to Manesar calling it as "New Gurgaon". Proximity to political nerve center - Delhi has also led the government to establish headquarters of some institutes of national importance here like the National Security Guards (and its training center), National Bomb Data Centre and National Brain Research Centre. More than 100,000 people go to work in Manesar from adjoining places. The Gurgaon-Manesar Master Plan projects the population of 37, 00,000 by 2021. The government has undertaken the project of First Eco City of India in Manesar.

Manesar before Industrialization was a village and people of the Manesar are mainly farmers. On the same side Gurgaon had been growing at an unpredictable speed, however in the past few years its city size and population growth rate had become stagnant, and because of which its economy was deeply affected, so the Planning Board of Haryana decided for the expansion of Gurgaon, which in terms paved the way for Manesar as a Industrial Hub of Gurgaon. But now the Question arises that whether Manesar is growing as a Individual entity or is it an expansion of Gurgaon, which real Estate developer were say as ‘NEW GURGAON’.

Gurgaon is within commuting distance of Delhi via an expressway and Delhi metro.

HSIIDC is the body which looks after the industrial development in the state Haryana.

TCPO is the main nodal department. The basic work of this department is to channelize the development plans for the urban and rural areas. HUDA is the statuary body, which came under the act- Haryana development act, 1977. Residential, commercial developments are being taken up by the HUDA.

10

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

India

Figure 1. Location Map

1.9 Organization of dissertation The purpose of study in this paper is to understand the impact of industrialization on the spatial urban growth Pattern of Gurgaon –Manesar region, to analyze the different proposal put forth by the different agency for the concern area. Critically examine the best possible suited proposal for the future growth of the region with respect to human being.

The first chapter thus basically deals with the introduction to the whole paper, where I have chalked out the structure of the whole paper and each chapter in brief. Here i have defined the conceptual framework which is necessary to comprehend in the study, and then have discussed the various literature works that have been made throughout in context of how the industrialization and urbanization go hand in hand, and how the other developed countries tackle the situation and prepare the best growth model for the future development. Then in extent have explained the aims and objectives of the paper with the data source methodology and discussed about the study area of GurgaonManesar in context of urbanization and Industrial development.

11

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

In the second chapter, I have describe the study area. Demographic feature including population distribution, density, urbanization level and Population projection done by different agency, on the same side describing the existing landuse and proposed landuse, showing the different proposal for the residential area and additional roads links. Lastly describing the existing infrastructure for the industries and Transformation from Agricultural to Industrial Economy.

On the other hand, chapter three have discussed about the spatial growth of the Gurgaon- Manesar and changes in the morphology of the city size followed by showing the population growth trend and urban expansion of Gurgaon as spatial and temporal.

The fourth chapter have consolidated the date and analysis the impact of the activities on the local people and changing pattern of the commuters and shift in the characteristic of the villages and lastly discussing more about the housing requirement and need for the concern area.

Again the Fifth chapter have dealt with Legislation and policies which are implemented on the area, discussing more about the Impact of the existing polices on the growth pattern of the region. The Policies which we have discussed in the chapter are NCR polices, Industrial and investment polices 2011, and urban development regulation in the Haryana.

The last, sixth chapter is basically the finding or conclusion of the paper, where we discuss the conclusion that we have drawn from our study. How the various factors that we have discussed in each of the chapter have in a direct or indirect way influenced the process of industrialization lead to urbanization in Gurgaon and Manesar and how they are correlated in the process of Development.

12

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2

2012

Study Area: Gurgaon – Manesar

2.1 Description of Study area Gurgaon is a city situated in Gurgaon tehsil of Gurgaon district in the north Indian state of Haryana. The origin of the city’s name is rooted in Hindu mythology.

The study area extends between 28 024'N to 28035'N Latitudes and 760 57' to 77008'E Longitudes. Gurgaon is one the four major satellite cities and is about 32 kms away from New Delhi, the National Capital of India. It has a population of about 2, 28,820 according to the 2001 national census with a decadal growth of 68.39 %( 1991-2001) 18.

Gurgaon is a city trying hard to shake off its small-town past and embrace modernity and a globalized economy. In the process of building a world-class city, it has become imperative to address the infrastructure issues that plague it. The sustainability of Gurgaon's growth depends on it. Until very recently, it was a sleepy town on the outskirts of New Delhi. Its potential was quickly recognized after the liberalization of the Indian economy, in the 1990's, because of its proximity to New Delhi, and the smart policy initiatives of the Haryana government. Today, skyscrapers and modern shopping malls dot this suburb, which has seen a major real estate boom since the late 1990s.

Gurgaon has become one of India's major outsourcing hubs, housing major multinationals .The biggest car manufacturer in India, Maruti Udyog, and Hero Honda also have plants in Gurgaon. Thousands of professionals have recently made their home in Gurgaon, living in apartments in newly constructed colonies and condominiums with world-class facilities. The fast growing population, with increasing purchasing power, has created a huge demand for housing, resulting in escalating property prices in recent years.

The physiography of the region is characterized by a plain area with a gentle slope. It also comprises an undulating terrain towards the east. The region is an alluvial plain consisting of sand, silt and gravel. The rocks found in the area are mostly covered by quaternary sediments and are exposed in isolated residual and structural hills and pediments. These hills are found in the eastern part of the study area with some valley fills.

Climate: The year may be broadly divided into four seasons, viz. winter, summer, monsoon and the post monsoon or the transit period. The winter starts late in November and continues up till the beginning of March. The summer is from March till the end of June. The period from July to mid September is the south west monsoon season. Mid September to end of November constitutes the post monsoon or the transition period. The climate, except during the monsoon, is characterized by the dryness in air, a hot summer and a cold winter.

Rainfall: The normal annual rainfall in the district is 553.00 mm. The rainfall in the district increases from the west towards the east. About 77% of the annual rainfall in the district is received during the south-west monsoon months.

18

NCR Regional Plan 2021

13

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Temperature: Month March set off the high temperature records in the region; May and June are the hottest months when the mean daily maximum temperature is about 41째 C. From April onwards, hot dust-laden winds locally known as loo blows and weather is unpleasant. The mean daily maximum temperature in January is about 21째 C and the mean daily minimum temperature about 7째 C.

2.2 Demographic Feature The official Census 2011 detail of Gurgaon, a district of Haryana has been released by Directorate of Census Operations in Haryana.

In 2011, Gurgaon had population of 1,514,085 of which male and female were 817,274 and 696,811 respectively. There was change of 73.93 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Gurgaon District recorded increase of 44.15 percent to its population compared to 1991.

Population of Gurgaon

Population

2,000,000 1,500,000 2011

1,000,000

2001

500,000 0 Actual Population

Male

Female

Figure 2. Population of Gurgaon

The initial provisional data suggest a density of 1,241 in 2011 compared to 717 of 2001.

Total area under Gurgaon district is of about 1, 215 sq.km.

Average literacy rate of Gurgaon in 2011 was 84.40 compared to 78.50 in 2001 and male and female literacy rate were 90.30 and 77.60 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 88.00 and 67.50 for the Gurgaon District. Total literate in Gurgaon District were 1,111,042 of which male and female were 639,969 and 471,073 respectively. In 2001, Gurgaon District had 343,135 in its total region.

The figures of Sex Ratio in Gurgaon stood at 853 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 850 which is not to less as compared to the average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate.

In census enumeration, data regarding children under 0-6 age were also collected for all districts including Gurgaon. There were total 198,299 children under age of 0-6 against 144,640 in 2001. Out of the total figure of 198,299 persons, share of male and female were 108,591 and 89,708 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 826 compared to 806 of census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed 13.10 percent of 14

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Gurgaon District compared to 16.61 percent of 2001. There was net change of -3.51 percent in this compared to previous census of India. Gurgaon District population constituted 5.97 percent of total Haryana population. In 2001 census, this figure for Gurgaon District was at 5.97 percent of Haryana population. 19

2.3 Population distribution & density The Haryana Sub Region comprises of an area of 13428 sq. km. with a total population of 8.7 million. This amounts to 30.4% area & 41.14% Population of Haryana State. The average density of the region (647 person per sq.km.) is more than the state average of 478. The more dense areas within the region are Faridabad, Panipat & Gurgaon. The lowest density in the region is that of Mewat followed by Rohtak. So we find that in 2001, the city of Gurgaon had been increasing at rapid rate. Compared to the area of Gurgaon the population density and the urbanization has been increasing in comparison to the other satellite cities of Haryana.

Table 1. Demographic details of Haryana Sub-Region befor creation of Palwal

Districts

Area KM)

Panipat Sonipat Rohtak Jhajjar Rewari Gurgaon Faridabad Mewat

1268 2122 1745 1834 1594 1254 1752 1859

(Sq Total Population

967449 1279175 940128 880072 765351 870539 1990719 993617

Population density (Persons/Sq Km) 763 603 539 480 480 694 1136 534

Urbanization (%)

Household size

40.5 25.1 35.1 22.2 17.8 35.6 60.8 7.5

5.5 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 6.1 5.6 7.5

Source: Census 2001, Statistical abstract Haryana 2006-07

Now after the division of Mewat from Gurgaon and Palwal from Faridabad we get the following demographic scenario. So the share of the Gurgaon city in comparison to the others still remains high.

Table 2. Demographic details of Gurgaon district

Tehsil Gurgaon Pataudi Sohna Total

Area (Sq.Km) 738.82 177.39 336.86 1253.07

Population Total Male 629508 342527 100957 53193 140074 74784 870539 470504

Literates Female Rural Urban Total 286981 380541 248967 433150 47764 67791 33166 63399 65290 112504 27570 80726 400035 560836 309703 577275

Male 258969 38367 50735 348071

Source: Census 2001, Statistical abstract Haryana 2006-07

19

Census of India 2001,2011. Statistical abstract Haryana 2010-2011

15

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Female 174181 25032 29991 229204

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Figure 3. Population Density

2.4 Urbanization level Haryana is the most urbanized state among the sates surrounding the NCT Delhi having 28.9% average population living in urban area. In the state maximum urban population are concentrated more within the NCR Region of Haryana. The average percentage of people living in the urban areas in the Haryana sub-region is 34% which higher than the states average. The more urbanized districts within the sub-region are Gurgaon, Faridabad and Panipat The power conferred by the “ Punjab Scheduled Roads and Controlled areas Restriction of Unregulated Development Act, 1963” and “The Haryana Development and Regulation of Urban Areas Act, 1975” results to formulation of various master plans for the urban areas for their proper and controlled development. In the Haryana Sub-Region master 16

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

plans are not made only for the urban areas but also for those urban area complex whose surrounding areas are not classified by the census as town but their growth and urbanization potential is very high and form an urban complex with their mother town, like Gurgaon-Manesar Complex, Faridabad- Ballabgarh Complex, Rewari-DharuheraBawel Complex and Sonipat-Kundli Complex

Figure 4. Urbanization- Haryana

17

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

2.5 Population Projection by different Agency Comparison of Population projection of various towns for 2021 done in Master plan and NCR plan Table 3. Population Projection

Districts Gurgaon

Town Names Gurgaon Sohna Farrukhnagar* Pataudi* Dundahera* Haileymandi*

Master plan Population 2021 3,700,000 167,706 13,332 32,719 26,201 28,336

NCR Plan Population 2021 1,650,000

Source: Master plan 2021,NCR Regional plan

If we see the comparative situation of population projections done for various urban centers in NCR Plan and Master plans for the year of 2021, we find that for the urban centers/complex of Rohtak, Gurgaon-Manesr and Rewari-Dharuhera-Bawal master plan has overestimated the population than NCR plan.

2.6 Landuse Compatibility For the study of Gurgaon city, there is need to study the development plan because many aspects are related to the proposals given in development plan. The proposed landuse plan gives the right direction for the new proposals. And it shows the increasing industrialization in Gurgaon city. So we need to study about some aspects given in this.

The Gurgaon-Manesar Urban Complex which is known for Automobile Industries, Modern Commercial Malls, Towers of Cyber Parks and Software Development is situated on prime location on National Highway Number 8, only at a distance of 4 km from the Indra-Gandhi International Air Port and is well linked with all capitals of the world through airways. The name of this town emerged on the world map in 1972, when world fame Maruti Industry was set up in Gurgaon with the collaboration of Suzuki Company of Japan. Now with the coming up of multinational companies like Hero Honda Motor, Honda Motors Limited, Denso etc. in automobile sector and Microsoft, I.B.M. Nokia, Canon, Dupont, Sapient, British Airways, American Express, ABN Amro Bank, Alcatel, Nestle, Convergys, Hewitt, Vertex, Fidlity Investment, E.Vallue, Keine World India, Becton Dickinson India Private Limited in software development sector; the GurgaonManesar Urban Complex has become abode of International Companies. With the result, the biggest cyber city of India spreading in an area of about 90 acres in addition to numerous cyber parks are being developed in Gurgaon itself within a radius of 15 km from the International airport in private sector to accommodate the needs of software development units of multinational companies.

18

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Table 4.Landuse Break Up

Sr.no.

Land use

Area (in ha.) Area (in ha.)

2011 2025

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Residential Commercial Industrial Transport and communication Public utilities Public and semi public Open spaces Special zone Defence zone SEZ Existing town Village abadies Total

6243 220 1349 665 302 363 106 633

15148 1429 5431 4289 609 1775 2688 106 633 4570 406 428 37512

9881

Source: Gurgaon Mas ter plan 2021

Land Use 2011

Land Use 2025 Residential

Residential

Commercial

0%

4% 3%

1%

6%

Transport and communication Public utilities

7% 14%

63%

2%

Public and semi public Open spaces Special zone Defence zone

Commercial

1%

Industrial

12% 1%

2% 7%

Industrial

0% 40%

5% 2%

Public and semi public Open spaces

15%

11% 4%

Figure 5. Landuse Break up- 2011- 2021

Source: Gurgaon Mas ter plan 2021

19

Transport and communication Public utilities

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Special zone

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

Figure 6.Map showing New sectors added in Master plan

2.6.1

2012

Source: Gurgaon Mas ter plan 2021

Residential

In order to cater to the projected population of 40.00 lacs, an area of 15148 hectares has been reserved for residential purpose. The Haryana Urban Development Authority and licensed colonizers have already developed residential area of 8000 hectares in various residential sectors of this Development Plan. The existing town and village population falling within the urbanisable area are also accommodating 2 lacs population.

2.6.2

Industrial

The demand for developed industrial plots / land in Gurgaon-Manesar Urban Complex has been increasing. In order to cope-up with the demand of software industries, Auto Mobile industries and other non-polluting free high-tech industries an area of 5431 hectares has been reserved for industrial use. The Haryana State Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation and Haryana Urban Development Authority have already developed an area of 1246 hectares in this complex. The new industrial areas have been proposed along express highway adjacent to Industrial Modern Township Manesar. This increased rate of the industries is compared due to the landuse 2011 and 2025 development plan.

20

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2.6.3

2012

Proposals of Additional Road Links between Delhi and Gurgaon

Since Gurgaon-Manesar Urban Complex adjoins Delhi Metropolitan City, mobility between these two urban complexes has been increased by proposing following new road links in consultation with National Capital Region Planning Board and Delhi Government.  90 mts wide road link between Vasant Kunj (Delhi Border) in Delhi to Mehrauli road in Gurgaon. 

90 mts wide road link from Andheria Mor in Delhi to Gurgaon - Faridabad road in Gurgaon Through Mandi and Gual Pahari.



150 mts wide road link between Dwarka residential complexes of Delhi to National Highway number 8 before Toll-Plaza towards Gurgaon

Figure 7. Major Roads Connecting Delhi- Gurgaon- Manesar

Industrial Area not Compatible with Residential Area: Industrial area is located in residential area but these industries are non polluting therefore wind direction does not matter. The traffic generated by these industries is of different nature and this creates lot of congestions and delays. More traffic in the junction like hero Honda chowk and IFFCO chowk. The industrial area is 5441 ha, in which 1246 ha area is developed by HSIIDC, and the rest of the area is under acquisition process.

21

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2.7

2012

Summary

Thus it can be summarized that Gurgaon district has shown the highest population growth and density among all the districts of Haryana. The Gurgaon Manesar area is gradually picking up the pace in the urbanization and this is been promoted by the Government and the private developers. The master plan for the development of the region has been developed to take advantage of the location of the region along the major express ways so that it can be developed as the industrial hub. But the plans have been concentrating only on the rapid industrial growth and developing the new road links, but the residential sector lacks behind as the population increases without proper dedicated residential sectors.

22

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

3

2012

Spatial Growths and Morphology

3.1 Urban Morphology of Gurgaon During the late 60’s and 70’s, development authorities in India initiated social housing projects in the mould of the post-War initiatives in Europe. Around the same time, in Delhi, under the recommendations of the 1st Master Plan, the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) acquired land and started delivering ‘housing products’. This led to overwhelming building activities all over the city.

However, the situation in the production of housing has quite changed today.

Cooperative societies and private developers, both small and big, are now important players. Faceless ‘Mass Housing’ is gradually transforming towards consumptionoriented ‘Branded Housing’. On the one hand, provision is being made for exclusiveness in terms of luxurious living style and amenities, while on the other, certain other phenomena are being observed like the formation of gated enclaves, erosion of community places and public places, and the lack of concern for the larger ecological implications of building at this speed and scale.

Gurgaon seems to be a vivid example of this condition.

Gurgaon has evolved in the last two decades from a stretch of agricultural land in the neighboring state of Haryana to a flourishing suburb of Delhi, catering to the ever growing requirements of the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi. Only some parts of the north and north–west regions remain agricultural while most of the other sectors, in their entirety, have evolved as residential sectors interspersed with commercial areas and industrial areas along the main transportation line of NH-8 (National Highway-8) that connects Delhi to Mumbai. The entrepreneur of Delhi discovered Gurgaon as a separate nucleus offering a combination of various inputs of land, material, labor, skill and transport. As transport linkages generally improved, the connections to Delhi gained importance with the NH8, Mehrauli -Gurgaon road and, now, the Metro.

As parcels of land are set apart and put to appropriate use (and made functionally suitable for activities to be performed thereupon), an urban land use pattern begins to emerge. Habitation defines land use. The term ‘Urban Land Use’ refers to spatial distribution of city functions i.e. residential, commercial or industrial areas. Land value, density and ownership status are three intricately woven layers where a variation in any one adversely affects the other. Change becomes the only constant for these three parameters in this ever changing region of Gurgaon.

There are multiple factors that determine the typology of specific buildings in Gurgaon, which have been derived from the analysis of form organization, spatial organization, building height and building permeability. Thus no singular usage can be incorporated in an individual category of typology and no distinct typology emerges that allow us to put a single building in an individual category. The consolidated image of a city is formed by various images conceived in parts, ultimately emerging as a singular identity 23

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

of the place. Elements such as path, edge, node, landmark & district interact with each other based on their user and time of usage reconciling the activity of the place.

3.2 Urban Expansion of Gurgaon spatial/ temporal Urban Expansion, also known as suburban sprawl, is a multifaceted concept, which includes the spreading outwards of a city and its suburbs to its outskirts to low-density and auto-dependent development on rural land, high segregation of and various design features that encourage car dependency.

Source: LISS III – NIC Gurgaon 2011 Figure 8. S atellite Imagery showing build and Non- build.

In the figures the spatial and the temporal changes of the city is being depicted by the satellite imageries over the years from 1999-2001-2004. It is relevant from the images that how the built-up area has changed over the decades along with the direction toward s which it has grown. It is seen that the growth has taken place along the major road network and the highways and has progressively engulfed Manesar. The growth has taken place towards Jaipur and Delhi as the built-up scenario has also increased that way. The growth has led to the further development of Manesar including the neighbouring area and contributing to the urban development.

24

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

3.3

2012

Gurgaon urban Agglomeration

Figure 9. Gurgaon Urban Agglomeration 2001

Since the expansion of Industry in Gurgaon, there has been a large influx of population largely from Delhi and the surrounding states of Uttar Pra desh, Punjab, and Rajasthan. The migration to Gurgaon city has led to rapid urbanization and further growth of urban outgrowths in continuation of the municipal boundaries of the city, better known by the Census of India as the Gurgaon Urban Agglomeration (UA). The total population of Gurgaon UA was 228,820 in 2001. A calculation of population growth reveals that from 1971 to 2001, the growth declined but a projected figure from 2001–11 till 2021 shows that the growth rate is above 300 per cent. The maximum increase in population has occurred in central Gurgaon town, which forms the industrial region, contiguous to Delhi and is therefore the hub of multinational corporations’ expansion.

Growth rate Urban Population 600,000

540015.2

Population

500,000

400,000 300,000 228,820

200,000 100,000 0

37,869 1961

57,161

1971

100,877

1981

135,884

1991

2001

2011

Years Figure 10.Growth rate urban population

25

Source: Census of India 2001,2011

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

The NCR Planning Board as well as the master plans for ur ban areas has incorporated the outgrowth of the Gurgaon and come up with a new concept of the Gurgaon- Manesar urban complex 2021. The population projected for the GM complex 2021 to be above 3.7 million. Based on these figures, the growth rate of the urban population between 1971–2011 is shown in Figure 8, pointing to a massive increase in urban population from 2001 to 2011.

Figure 11. Gurgaon- Manesar Urban Complex Boundary 2021

The above map is showing the Boundary of the New master plan 2021, incorporating all the out growths and with the increase of the urban core area , the municipal corp. boundary has also been extended which is showing in the Figure.11.

Thus we find that the urban agglomeration in the Gurgaon Manesar r egion is having a pseudo urban growth with increasing number of industrial sector and urban outgrowths.

3.4 Functional Perspective and Interdependency Gurgaon-Manesar Urban Complex which is known for Automobile Industries, Modern Commercial Malls, Towers of Cyber Parks and Software Development is situated on National Highway No. 8 only at a distance of 4 Kms. from the Indira Gandhi International Airport and is well linked with all capitals of the world through airways. In order to ensure planned development. Some of the Real Estate developers have added a new tag to Manesar calling it as "New Gurgaon" Gurgaon 1. Gurgaon is the industrial and financial center of Haryana.

2. Gurgaon provide the Basic services and employment to the other nearby region.

3. Because of their strategic location the land market has gone up.

4. Gurgaon is also called as the IT/BPO hub of Haryana. And because of lending of such MNC’s Office in Gurgaon the Urban growth has show with a very un match able way.

26

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Manesar 1. Manesar is come up as relief to Gurgaon in terms of land markets.

2. IMT Manesar provides employment almost to 100000 labour of nearby villages.

3. Boom in real estate market.

4. Manesar is identifying as top Indian future cities.

5. IMT Manesar is the first Industrial Township Model which is to be called an Ecocity.

Gurgaon- Manesar Both has come up as Interdependent town. Before 2001, Manesar was a small village with the Population of approx. 15000 only and now after it converted into town after 2001 and being developed as IMT (Integrated Model Township) its character has totally change to urban. As its population is expected in 2025 Gurgaon-Manesar master plan is about 37 lakh. This is just 2.5 times of current Population.

Some of the functions which Manesar as an Industrial town is sharing with Gurgaon are: 1. Being developed as an Industrial town, Manesar has provided huge employment opportunity to nearby region and villages, especially Gurgaon, Delhi.

2. Large Amount of Upcoming new townships have landed in Manesar Sec 1, which will approx. provide 20000 flats, and some group -housing.

3. This demand and emergence has been noted by whole India and because of which it’s a Boom in the real Estate market.

4. Large Number of MNC’s have landed their offices in Manesar which will be stimulating the overall economic growth of the State as well as Gurgaon District.

Some of the Functions which Gurgaon as a metro city is sharing with Manesar are: 1. Gurgaon as a urban entity providing all basic services to the Manesar such as Local Transportation, Education, Training Institution etc.

2. Gurgaon also provides office premises to be setup by the industrial sector to attract more business opportunity.

3. Gurgaon also works as a Intermittent between Delhi and Manesar and provides communication and media support for the large MNC which wants to establish in Manesar.

27

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

3.5

2012

Summary

Thus here it is clear how the morphology of Gurgaon has changed over the period of time and how Manesar from being a small village has been engulfed by the outgrowth of Gurgaon. The interdependency between the two regions has grown over the time and Manesar being included in the industrial development plan of Gurgaon. Manesar is gradually taking the load of Gurgaon as the industrial sectors are gradually emerging here.

28

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

4

2012

Field documentation and Analysis

The extensive literature studied on the growing industrial development and its impact on the growth of the urban sectors in and around the industrial pockets and its immediate impact on the fringe area and pressure created on the villages could be well documented and studied in the Gurgaon Manesar region Field survey and analysis is conducted to observe the existing scenario of the Gurgaon Manesar region. The secondary data and information needs to back up by the primary data gathered from the field visits and the focus group discussions and direct interviews with the people.

Data compilation and analysis has been done based on the secondary information, survey and evaluation answers, gathering them into a database, and analyzing the results for further suggestions and improvements and analysis of data is a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of highlighting useful information, suggesting conclusions and supporting decision making.

4.1 Relation between Field Study and scope of study The scope of the study is related with the pre-set objectives. The objective of understanding the impact of the industrial development of the Gurgaon Manesar region was assessed by the secondary information available from the various organizations and institutional set up in the region.

The change in the work pattern and the functional dependency of the people along with the socio- economic changes that have occurred in the neighboring region due to the industrialization could only be possible by conducting a field survey, where the picture of the existing scenario could be build up.

The institutional set up and the policy level understanding is done with the secondary and the primary survey where the interaction with the government officials was made possible Thus this reveals that the mere secondary information is not enough to support the objectives and the scope of the study but primary survey is also needed.

To attain the objectives of the study and derive at a possible suggestion for the issues that are likely to emerge, an analytical frame work is constructed. The frame work gives a clear view of the steps that are to be followed to analyze the information from the secondary and primary surveys and to attain the objectives.

29

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Analytical Framework

Impact of industries on the immediate neighborhood

Understand the development of industrial hub

Based on Primary/ Secondary Sources

Based on Secondary Sources Assess the influence of the industrial growth on the urban development of Gurgaon – Manesar 11.

6.

1. Area Delineation 12.

7.

2. Correlation between industries and urbanization growth pattern.

13.

8.

3. Changing demographic pattern.

14.

9.

4. Landuse Standard for the industrial Estate.

15.

10.

5. Existing social infrastructure

Functional Dependency 4.

1. Changing Economy 5.

2. Change In Occupational pattern.

6.

3. Change in Working pattern Socio-economic Impact on the livelihood of the people 9.

5.

1. Neighborhood Description.

10.

6.

2. Migration pattern.

11.

7.

3. Change in village economy and character form.

12.

8.

4. Pressure on the Physical infrastructure due to the migration

Review Review the the proposals proposals by by different different Govt.

Govt. agencies agencies

Issues/ Gaps and Suggestion In the above framework, the data is majorly based on the primary and secondary sources and Hypothesis which I have took to prove that the development of a industrial center/hub need not always bring about a Positive effect and adds to the socio-economic pressure on its immediate neighborhood.

The hypothesis that was considered at the beginning of the study where the objective was to proof that along with positive effects, the negative impact of the industrial growth on the neighboring area are greater. The analysis of the primary and the secondary information will thus be help to empirically prove the hypothesis.

The analysis is based on the data and the information derived from the primary and secondary data sources.

The Primary data availed can be classified into three types:30

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012



Reconnaissance Survey: where an examination of all or part of the area accomplished in sufficient detail to create a generalized idea about the historical background and existing scenario of the region. A field survey is conducted to understand the present scenario of the Gurgaon Manesar region and the upcoming industrial area and how it has created an impression on the surrounding area.



Individual Survey: it refers to the face to face interviews and discussions with the persons on an individual level. The individual survey was conducted with the people who were residing in the region. The town planner and the officials of the various Governmental organizations were also interviewed like, HSIIDC, HUDCO, NCR town planning Department.



Target Group & Discussion: also referred as the focus group discussions, where a particular group / category of people are selected to get an overall view of the present scenario. In field documentation the major discussion were held with the farmers and migrants. To understand the changing commuters pattern the survey was also conducted with the target people who commute on the daily basis.

The target groups were the workers and the employers of the industries, the commuters and the residents of the region. The villages which come under the direct influence of the industrialization in the region were also surveyed.

The Secondary survey is related to the information available from the documentations and the institutional records.

The sources of information HSIIDC for the information regarding the industries are availed. The Town And The Country Planning department, for the maps and landuse information. The Gurgaon Urban Development Authority for the master plans of the region. Others are Gurgaon Municipal Corporation.

4.2

Correlation between industrial growth and urbanization

To understand the interdependency of industrial growth and how the growth has trigger the urban development of the area. We have studied the documents and understand this relation in region.

4.2.1

Growth trend of industrialization

The actual industrial growth was started in 1990. Gurgaon considered as a ring town of Delhi. It was proposed to ensure the strengthening of the economic base of the ring towns by planning industrial development and relocating government offices. The industrial development of Gurgaon is divided according to the regional plan wise because whole industrial development has taken place in context of these plans.

Thus, industrial development of the city is divided into two phases:  Industrial development, 1990-2000  Industrial development after 2000 31

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Industrial Development (1990-2000) During 1990-2000 Gurgaon had become industrial town of Haryana state as well as NCR. During this period industry had become the main economic base of the city and the plots were available in plenty for the development, which is shown in the table below.

Table 5. Industrial Development in Gurgaon

Sectors 3 18 36 37 33 34 35

No. of plots year wise 241 240 311 356 418 110 249

Year 1993-1994 1999-2000 1994-1995 1995-1996 1996-1997 1997-1998 1999-2000

Source : HSIIDC,2000

Through this table it reveals how the availability of the plots and space for the industrial development have increased over the years and new sectors have been allotted each year to accommodate the industrial set to be build in.

Industrial Development (After 2000) After the year 2000 Gurgaon had become second largest city in the Indian state of Haryana. Now Gurgaon has become home for multinational companies. In the development plan 2021 Manesar city was included in the development plan as Gurgaon industrial sector lies near to the national highway 8 along with Manesar also linked with the national highway 8. Now HSIIDC 1246 ha area developed. In the case of Manesar HSIIDC has developed the phase 1.

Growth trend of Industries In Gurgaon

No of Units

5000

Udyog Vihar

UV & IMT Manesar

4012 4335

4000 3000

2000 1000

2034 950 944 1070 1198 684 489 418 241 311 356

0

Years Figure 12. Growth Trend of Industries

32

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Thus from the graph its clear how the industrial development has taken place over the years. A quantum growth has been observed with the introduction and the addition of the IMT Manesar along with the Udyog Vihar in terms of the industrial development. The jumps in the last 5years have been extensive, where the numbers of industrial units have grown double in the last few years.

Figure 13. Industrial Growth in Gurgaon.

If we trace the location and the development of the industrial development in the map, we find how the development has taken place; we find how the industrial pockets have developed along the NH 8 and the Kundli Manesar-Parwal express way from Delhi towards Jaipur. The major junctions have also developed along the industrial pockets and the commercial areas too.

4.2.2

Land-use pattern in the existing industrial estates

When we look into the industrial development taken place over the years and compare the landuse pattern with the set norms and standards, we find that at the beginning the development has been haphazard and stress had only been on the industrial area development. But with the time as the industries came in the land allotted for the industrial sectors also increased and gave scope for a more planned development

33

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Table 6. Landuse Break Up of Industrial Estate

Landuse Industrial

Standards% of area 50

Sector 18,19,20 62.6

Sector 34,35 27.12

Sector 36,37 49.2

IMT Manesar 51.62

Residential

10

-

-

-

9.32

Commercial

3

2.8

1.13

7.27

1.95

Roads/open spaces

25

27.6

5.82

19.9

25.23

Public building &utilities

12

1.75

1.83

4

11.88

Source: HSIIDC, 2011

Sector 34,35

Sector 18,19,20 2% 5% 0%

Commercial

Industrial Commercial

28%

Roads/open spaces

27%

Roads/open spaces

62%

Public building &utilities Parking

3%

57% 1% 6% 7% 2%

To be planned Later

Sector 36,37

Industrial

Public building &utilities Land under RR policy Land under Litigation

IMT Manesar

Industrial

Industrial

12% Commercial

20% 4%

49% 20%

7%

Roads/open spaces

Residential

25%

Public building &utilities Land under enchroachement

52% 9%

2%

Commercial Roads/open spaces Public building &utilities

As in the case of the Sector 36, 37 and IMT Manesar we find that emphasis has been on the sectors of industries and housing. The land-use over the years have changed, this is influenced by the trend in the growing of the urbanization in and around the industrial zones and hence trigger the growth of the residential and the commercial sectors.

34

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

In IMT Manesar we find that attempts are being made to build up each sector according to the norms and standards and emphasis is given to the residential sectors along the industrial pockets.

However there are gaps that have been noticed in the each of the sectors in terms of the amenities. There are shortfalls in the available infrastructures as needed according to the norms. The following table lists down the various amenities and infrastructure that exists in the sectors where the industrial development has taken place or is proposed and the gaps that are noticed

Sectors

Udyog Vihar (18,19,20)

34, 35

Existing Activities Post Office Police Station Dispensary CETP Bank ESS 220 kv R & D center ESS 220 KV HSIIDC office Convenient shopping Other land for litigation

Community center Shopping center 36,37

IMT Manesar

Telephone exchange Convenient shopping office complex Dispensary club & Golf course Hotel ESS 220 KV truck parking

Missing Components Proposed activities Club Fire Station Telephone exchange Multi level parking (500 Community center sq km.7 stories) loading/unloading platform parking problems Dispensary Post Office Fire Station Police Station loading/unloading platform parking problems Bank Telephone exchange Dispensary Post Office Police Station Community center Fire Station loading/unloading platform parking problems Ware Housing Godowns cold storage loading/unloading platform scanners Weighbridge Cranes Booking office administration office Fire Station Post Office truck parking

Police Station Dispensary Post Office Cremation ground Fire Station Other public utility

500 beds hospitals

Logistic hub

Table 7. Existing Infrastructure

35

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Thus we find that each of the sectors have shortages of the infrastructure that are needed for the complete development, however attempts are being made by providing proposals for the future developments. Parking space and the truck terminals were the loads are loaded and unloaded are found as the missing component in each of the sectors. As these are the industrial pockets provisions of these amenities are essential but have not come up in the proposals. The Government and the private developers have to taken initiatives to bring in all the amenities to develop it as urban industrial hub

4.3 Urban growth pattern in relation to industrialization The pattern of urbanization triggers the growth and the development of the urbanization in and around the industrial areas. As industrialization triggers the pull effect on the neighborhood, as forced people to migrate in search of the better job opportunities and the raising their living standards and settle down in and around the industrial area

Urban Population Growth Trend 540015

228820

4765 1901

5461

1911

5107

1921

7208

1931

9935

1941

Figure 14. Urban Population Growth Trend

57151 18613 37868

1951

1961

1971

100877

1981

135884

1991

2001

2011

Source: Census of India 2001, 2011

The above graph shows the decadal growth that has taken place in the core of the Gurgaon region over the years. The population growth of Gurgaon has shown fluctuating trends. It was very high during 1941-51 and 1951-61 registering more than 70% growth, however, the decades 1971-81 and 1981-91 experienced slower growth rate of 50.92% and 34.70% respectively while during 1991-2001, the city has witnessed upsurge in the growth. The obvious reasons for fluctuating growth are impact of post partition developments and during 1991-2001, impact of economic liberalization and State Government’s policies on industrial development, which enabled the city to attract large number of multinational companies. It can also be stated that the city took its time to become the leading industrial center in the entire NCR especially after setting of Automobile Industry like Maruti Udyog and Hero Honda. In the census of 2011 the highest urban decadal growth has been recorded in the Gurgaon district i.e. 236.45 % which in terms of Population is 540015.

36

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Figure 15. Map showing urban Growth

If we look at the spatial growth of the urban area in the Gurgaon region we find that they have usually developed along the industrial pockets development.

In the prevesious industrial development the residential pockets had not develped, but as the industrial developed procedded towards Manesar and Jiapur, we fond thatlarhe resisdential pockests have developed, the once hapzard growth of the migratnts gave way to the development of the residentail setors in and around the industrial areas.

4.4 Functional dependency Gurgaon- Manesar Both has come up as Interdependent town. Before 2001, Manesar was a small village with the Population of approx. 15000 only and now after it converted into town after 2001 and being developed as IMT (Integrated Model Township) its character has totally change to urban. As its population is expected in 2025 Gurgaon-Manesar master plan is about 37 lakh. This is just 2.5 times of current Population.

4.4.1

Change in the Economy of Haryana, Gurgaon and region

Pre and post industrial living status In 1960- 70 when whole Indian was facing the crisis and in the year of 1967 the revolution has come where each and every person is practicing agriculture at a very high rate, then those year were called as green revolution, soon after the revolution the US government was looking towards the productivity of the wheat and other cereals in India, and they soon demand for some of the farmers from the Indian Government who can practice and spread the same kind of technique in US, so number of farmers were settled outside India specially in the North province of US. Then after a decade the Government of India realized that the revolution which made the India as golden Bird actually caused the down fall of the Indian economy, so the only 37

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

way out was the industrialization and the development of the industrialization and industrial hub. In this respect the capital cities were not targeted instead the fringe areas along the outskirts of the city were developed. This whole process actually did not only effected the economy of India but also the working pattern of the effected people, people those who were actually engaged in the agriculture were deeply affected in the 90’s when the whole Indian were shifting the economy from agrarian to Industrial, meanwhile the standard of living were also shifting from Indian culture to western culture where people using the more packed, canned food then naturally grown, they believe more job in tertiary and secondary sector then of primary.

4.4.2 Transformation from Agricultural to industrial Economy, State level.

The paradigm shift from the more Agrarian society or Agriculture sector to Industrial or Manufacturing sector is easily seen through the Pie’s where economy is shifted from Agricultural to Service sector and this processes is usually called as Tertiarization.

The Agriculture sector has decreased substantially from 56% to 22%, the manufacturing has increased but not substantially as it remains between 22-33 % over the decades. The Service sector on the other hand has experienced a jump from 23% to 45%.

1966-67 21%

Agriculture & allied

56%

23%

1990-91

24%

45%

Service sector

Agriculture & allied Service sector

31%

manufacturing

manufacturing

2006-07 33%

22%

45%

Agriculture & allied Service sector manufacturing

Figure 16. Transformation of Economy

38

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

In the above figures, the transformation of the economy is depicted were we find how the share of the three sectors namely Agriculture and allied, service sector and manufacturing have changed over the period of time from 1966 to 2007 This shows as how the economy has changed, and how the shift from the agrarian society to the tertiary has taken place and the number of people who have adapted to the changing economy.

4.4.3

Change in occupational pattern.

The change in the economy has its link with the changing work or occupational pattern of the people. As the economy shifted from the agriculture based to the industrial Source: HSIIDC, 2011 activities, people shifted from the agriculture to non-agriculture activities.

Gurgaon Agricultural

Gurgaon (MCI+OG)

Non -agricultural

Agricultural

Non -agricultural 1%

40% 60% 99%

Figure 17. Occupational Pattern

Looking at the graphs, it can be seen that Gurgaon on a whole has 40% people engaged in the agricultural activities and the rest in the non-agricultural like service sectors, construction and other activities.

But when we look into the MCI and out growth region of Gurgaon we find only a mere 1% are in the agriculture nearly 99% have shifted to the other sectors.

Name of the City/ Town GURGAON GURGAON(MCI+OG)

Service 76% 84%

Business 18% 13%

Industry

Other 2% 2%

Total 4% 1%

100 100

Source: Statistical Abstract 2010, HSIIDC

The sectors into which the people have shifted are mainly shifted are the service related, business and industries. The share of workers in each of these sectors reveals that the maximum number of people are engaged in the service sectors, as more multinational companies settle down in the Gurgaon region opportunities in this sector has given way to people.

39

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

4.4.4

2012

Change in working pattern.

The working pattern of the people has changed over the time as the economy has changed from agrarian to the manufacturing or industrial base. The people who are working and residing has been categorized under the three categories.

Three caterogies of workers 1. Those who are working in Manesar, but residing in Gurgaon.

2. Those who are working in Manesar and also residing in Manesar.

3. Those who are working in Gurgaon, but residing in Manesar.

For this purpose a sample size is selected that will give detailed understanding of the scenario. A minimum of 30 people are selected from each of the categories selected and a random sampling and focus group discussion of the people within the area.

The understanding will not only be restricted to the commuting pattern but also will deal with the white collar jobs commuters and daily service providers.

1. Those who are working in Manesar, but residing in Gurgaon.

Out of the 30 samples taken it revealed that 18 people (60%) are engaged in white collar jobs and they usually commuted on a daily basis from Gurgaon to Manesar, and even some of them have the opinion of not residing within Manesar. The reasons given forth by them are:  Accessibility between Gurgaon – Manesar is good, in terms of facilities, Gurgaon is more developed then Manesar.  Manesar is an industrial hub not a residential Hub, it is in the phase of growth and it will take at least 5 years to grow as a new center The people are the local residents of Haryana and hence they are more attract towards Delhi not Manesar. So they chose Gurgaon as their permanent residential area.

The rest 40% are blue collar people, reside mainly in the fringe areas of the Gurgaon or Delhi. They basically commuted on daily basis not only to the IMT Manesar but also other small jobs like some as shopkeeper in the Manesar village, etc. They earn more money in compared to Delhi or Gurgaon.

Job Pattern 40% 60%

White collar Blue collar

Figure 18. Job Pattern of People working in Manesar but residing in Gurgaon

40

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Thus it is seen that a large number of people are still not attracted to Manesar because of its huge potential to grow as a industrial Hub rather than residential hub.

2. Those who are working in Manesar and also residing in Manesar.

In the second category the people are mainly working as well as residing in Manesar, as in the survey, those who are following in the categories are very less, as they are almost 10-15 % (3- 4 persons out of 30), the rest around and of which 85 % are mainly migrants in this categories (some of them are from intra state and some of them are from interstate). Manesar village and IMT Manesar has a very High Interdependency, as per the survey around 80-85% people are staying in Manesar on rent because it is just 2-3 km apart from the IMT Area, and All of them are mainly Blue collar.

Migration patten 13%

Local 87%

Migrants

Figure 19. Migration Pattern

They are neither ready to take home in IMT Manesar nor they have enough income to buy a home in future. So the income is a main point of concern in terms of housing sector, as few of them are agreeing to buy a home, but the land prices in Manesar are so high that even they cannot think of owning residents in coming 5-10 years also. These situations of high land prices are found not only in Manesar but because of extension of the industrial unit which are creating similar prices in other nearby villages.

Increased number of migrants have increase the rent of the Manesar village and because of which more opportunities for the local people are rising, local resident of the Manesar village are not ready to work because they are getting enough rent to sustain in the current world.

3. Those who are working in Gurgaon, but residing in Manesar.

In the third category of the workers, where those who are working in Gurgaon, but residing in Manesar, this category creates many different forms of character of Manesar village, as 90 % of the people or we can say farmers of Manesar village has lost their land under the land acquisition process in IMT, and even they have been given enough compensation by the govt of Haryana. (1 hact land cost 21 lakh to 72 lakh ). So the money which they got has been put either on interest or some of them has constructed rent houses which they will provide for the migrants workers, and the single room rent varies from RS. 1500- 2500. So with the simple calculation an average monthly income of a farmer increased from 10000 a month to 1 lakhs a month as the minimum build size 41

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

in terms of rooms are 20 rooms to 200 rooms. But the living standard was still as it was earlier.

So, only those who are working as Government employer went daily to Gurgaon or Delhi, other than that they are working as auto drivers, taxi owners as well as drivers.

Thus these are the farmers that reside in the Manesar premises as they have become rich by selling off their land and given rent to their land.

4.5 Migration pattern The change in the working and the occupation pattern has triggered the migration of the people from all the neighboring area and states. To have clear picture a survey was conducted taking into account 30 people each from the categories of workers and employers.

Number of Migrants Workers Employers 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Employers

Workers

sample size

30

30

Migrants

16

23

Local

14

7

35

Figure 20. Sample Size for Migration

It has been noticed that the migrants that have come into the Gurgaon Manesar region from the nearby areas are engaged in job where they are workers and employer .i.e. the blue colour and the white colour jobs, respectively.

From the surveyed sample it was found that there were more workers who were migrants as compared to the workers, on the other hand the number of white coloured are mainly given to the local residents. The migrants are usually non-educated, unskilled labour hence they are engaged in the blue color jobs.

42

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Duration of Stay(Years) 25%

<2 62% 13%

2 to 4 >4

Figure 21. Duration of Stay

The survey revealed that migration of the people has not been long ago; with more than 62% of the migrants have settled in Gurgaon Manesar in the last 2years. Then we have 25 % of the migrants who has settled down long back more than 6 years ago and the rest 2-4 years back. The migrants usually come as individuals and have settled down on the fringe area and live on rented houses, so they do not prefer to bring in their families.

Table 8. Reasons of Migration

Reasons

% of Migrants 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01 Employment 34.48 31.29 37.6 Business 4.07 0.5 Education 3.33 2.28 2.7 Family moved 39.43 41.45 36.8 Marri age 12.63 15.62 13.8 Natural Calami ties 0.13 Others 10.14 5.16 6.3 Moved after Birth 2.4 Source: Statistical abstract of Haryana 2010

2001-11 46.6 0.9 3.1 31.1 15.6 2.7 100

If we look into the overall figure of the migrants to the Gurgaon region we find that the people have migrated for the reasons of employment, business or education. Family movement is some way or the other related to the social and economical reasons of the family. So we find that Gurgaon has given in enough opportunities and reasons for the people nearly 50% to migrate from other regions for employment and the numbers have increased over the years.

Table 9. Place of last Residence

Place of last Residence 1971-81 Uttar Pradesh 50.09 Bihar 5.77 Uttranchal Rajasthan 7.63 Punjab 6.4 West Bengal 2.7 Madhya Pradesh 3.07 Others 11.41 Source: Statistical abstract of Haryana 2010

43

Migrants to Gurgaon (%) 1981-91 1991-01 48.5 40.05 10.69 19.09 5.11 6 4.06 5.28 2.16 2.72 3.88 2.67 1.82 12.91 15.96

2001-11 51.1 20.3 3.4 4.1 1.7 2.9 10.6

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

The migrants usually come in from the neighboring areas and the states. If we trace back over the years we find that Uttar Pradesh have contributed nearly 50 % of the migrating population, followed by Rajasthan, Bihar and West Bengal. All the people migrate in search of better job opportunities and raising their standards of living.

4.6 Impact of industrialization on the immediate Neighbourhood .

The most important and demractical shift can be seen in the nearby villages, or villages adjacent to Manesar and Gurgaon. In the Indian context especially in North India the villages are mainly known for their inherent character, some time they are also know for the specialized activity, and like in few villages in Gurgaon are recently famous for the agricultural activities. Once the Haryana was knows for the main state where the green revolution was started, but now Haryana is mainly called as the states of dry port city, where industrialization has grown the economy of the state, and having a locational benefit as well.

To see impact of the sudden growth of the Gurgaon, and because of which the activities which are earlier playing an important role in the development of the economy has boosted up which the new industrial and investment policy 2006. The major shift which has seen in the recent year is the increased number of population; the reason might be anything but the push effect has been driven by the Gurgaon growth.

The effect of the immediate migration and shortage of housing has created pressure on the surrounding villages and because of which the concern authorities are unable to provide proper infrastructure, to the villages under danger.

Somehow the impact in mainly counted in term of negative but in the village near to Gurgaon and Manesar has also shown up some of the positive effect, by the increased number of population their working pattern as well as occupation pattern has changed, where the human being of the villages earlier engaged in the farming activities now has either started their own business or they have constructed a housed which huge number of rooms which they usually kept them on rent basis, which ultimately shown an positive increase in their income.

To see these changes we have taken 4 types of sample villages with respect to their distance from the Gurgaon city or Manesar.    

44

Urban village –Kanahi Fringe village – Dhanwas Distance of 2 km from IMT Manesar – Manesar Village Transport Hub - Panchgao

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

In the above map we have shown the neighborhood of the Manesar and the important junction from where the people are usually board and deboard, with the increase number of migration the illegal settlement are grown at a very faster and create a pressure on the available infrastructure, on the same side the effect of the increased migration is also seen in the villages adjacent to the Manesar.

Distance Chart

Distance in KM

40 30 20 10

0 Distance form Gurgaon

Kanahi 3

Dhanwas 10

Manesar 24

Panchgao 34

Distance from Manesar

20

7

2

12

Distance from NH8

5

10

0

0

Figure 22. Distance Chart of Villages

45

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

So identify the effected villages we have chosen the 3 criteria, firstly the villages just next to the Manesar at a very short distance, but the distance from the city is bit far, secondly villages which fall in the fringe area of the Gurgaon city they are consider in the master plan of Gurgaon â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Manesar Urban complex 2021, but today they have the character of the villages, but the land prices and amenities are just started grown in such kind of villages, and thirdly villages which are having very good transport facilities but far from the city as well as industrial area.

Existing Infrastructure in Effected villages Table 10. Existing Infrasturture in Villages

State:

Gurgaon

Gurgaon

Gurgaon

Gurgaon

Villages

Kanahi

Dhanawas

Manes ar

Pachgaon

Area of village (in hectares) No. of households

355

Total population - Persons Education facilities

314

1,467

350

991

214

2,831

271

4,771

1,154

15,400

2,119

Available

Available

Available

Available

No. of primary schools

2

1

2

1

No of middle schools

1

0

2

1

No of secondary schools

1

0

1

1

No of senior secondary schools No of colleges

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

College available within range Medical facilities

With in 5 Kms

With in 5 Kms

More than 10 Kms

More than 10 Kms

Available

Not available

Available

Available

No of primary health centre Drinking water facilities

Available

Available

Available

Available

Bus services

No

Yes

Yes

No

Railway service available within range Banking facilities

With in 5 Kms

With in 5 Kms

More than 10 Kms

With in 5 Kms

Not available

Not available

Available

Available

Approach to villages

yes

yes

yes

yes

Power supply facilities

Available

Available

Available

Available

Total irri gated area

1

0

1

1

343

220

633

193

Unirrigated area

4

0

7

21

Culturable waste

8

6

141

12

Area not av ailable for cultivation Total income

0

88

686

124

2602261

117029

5281311

20265

Total expendi ture

1554799

34171

760500

11530

Source: Census of India, Village Directory, 2001

The details of the four villages taken into consideration after we analysis the influence zone of the Gurgaon Manesar growth, has been shown in the above table. The social and the physical infrastructures as stated by the census are well present except for the 46

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

health centers. But if the change in the occupation pattern and the economy plays its role in bringing forth more migrants from the nearby areas, the pressure will be observed and felt on the villages. The migrants will opt to stay within these villages as the land prices is lower as compared to the core area ns as it is near to their working places, people will on obvious reasons try to settle down in these areas.

The pressure of the increasing population will be felt on the existing social and physical infrastructure. The housing sector will face the problem as there will be more migrants with the increase in the industrial development and urbanization.

4.6.1

Economic dependency of Villages

Kanahi Agricultural

Non -agricultural

Dhanawas Agricultural

5%

Non -agricultural

33% 67%

95%

Manesar Agricultural

Non -agricultural

Pachgaon Agricultural

Non -agricultural

7% 42% 58% 93%

Figure 23. Economic dependency Villages

The economic pattern of the villages can noticed through the share of the economy and the workers engaged in the primary and non-primary activities.

The scenario of the Kanahi and the Manesar village is almost similar where the nonagricultural activities have taken the major share of above 93% and only 5-7% in agriculture. Whereas in Dhanawas and Pachgaon vilaages , the agricultural activities are prominent compared to the non-agricultural.

The impact of the industrialization is felt by the nearby villages which has adopted to the changing economy from the primary to tertiary, but as we move away the effect is low, though catching up quickly.

47

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

4.7 Industrial Housing in Gurgaon According to the 2001 census, 13% population of Haryana lives in slums. The heavy industrialization in Gurgaon has attracted a large number of rural people to migrate from the adjacent area to settle down in the fringes of the growing urban area. This has led to the shortage of the housing as the urban area has not been able to provide with sufficient housing area for the migrants and also the workers.

In contrast to this Manesar has provided with the residential area for the workers. But due to the high land price the workers seldom can afford them and these hence lead to the development of the slum area in and around the urban fringe, this will not only save money to own land and also the travelling charges will be reduced.

workers No.of workers

120000 89599

100000 72738

80000

60975

60000 40000

107986 98345101566 95936 91245

31460 32966

41035

16267 20639

20000 0

Years Figure 24. No. of workers

The graph shows that the working population has increased over the period of time from 1993-2011. . In 2011 industrial workers is 107986 of which 65% is from the Manesar region. This revels that the major part of the work force is coming from the Manesar region itself.

As we know, with the increasing work force in the Gurgaon â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Manesar Region, the immediate effect is shown on the increasing number of slum development in and around the area

48

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

According to the Census, 2001, there is a shortage of nearly 4538 houses resulting in 16% of the people living in the slum area. With 22 notified and 3 identified slums, the scenario does not seem to change in future and may result in the further increase in number and size.

Table 11. Slums Locations in Gurgaon and Manesar

Source: Municipal Corporation, Gurgaon These slums are due to housing shortage and lack of infrastructure. The main risk in the slum is violation of rule and regulation. Houses are constructed under the high-tension line, congestion, illegal building construction, identify slum area are located in the ammunition depot buffer area. According to the Defense Act 1903, there should be buffer of 900 m and no authorize and unauthorized development should take place in this zone. But these rules are been violated by the slums.

Shortage of Housing No of Housing Units

20000

16774 13750

15000 10000 4538

6138

7998 7110 7335

9238

10540 10945

11778

5000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Years

Figure 25. Shortage of Housing

The figures above revel how the shortage of the housing sector have increased over the time and have been keeping in pace with the increased working population and the slum development, so this situation is directly proportional and dependent on the other factors.

49

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Shortage of Housing

35% Maneser

65%

Gurgaon

Most of the workers work in the firm of Hero Honda, Maruti Suzuki Company, which are situated in the Manesar, where the land prices are high and thus triggers the slum development. The slums are already facing problems regarding the basic infrastructure, sewage system, portable water and has direct effect on the health of the people which is reveled I through diseases and other health issues.

4.7.1

IMT Manesar Residential Sector-1

Manesar is a fast growing industrial town in Gurgaon district of the state Haryana and is part of NCR Delhi. It is 17 km from Gurgaon with more than 70000 people commuting to Manesar from adjoining places on a daily basis. The reasons for Manesar popularity are not hard to find. It is located on the main Jaipur -Delhi highway and is well connected to Delhi. The international airport is just 32 km away.

The total area of Residential sector-1, is 256.48 acres. The total area under residential plots is 56.52 acres. The area under group housing sites is 60 acres. The total residential plots are 544 and total group housing sites plots are 55. Residential area located on the left hand side of N.H. 8. The industrial worker residential complex has been build over an area of five acres at a cost of Rs. 7.6 crore.

4.7.2

Residential Facilities The characteristics of the residential area are given as follows:

 Convenience to shopping, schools and health facilities along with other necessary social infrastructure.  The residential complex is well connected to the industrial sector an over bridge to avoid congestion of the highway.  Residential set with kitchen and toilet facilities.  Provided with 50 meters wide green belt on both sides of N.H. and it will act as the lungs of this industrial city and work as a buffer between industrial and residential complex

50

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Landuse Distribution of Sector -1 3% 32%

47%

Residential Commercial

Public/ semi public

12%

6%

Roads,open spaces To be planned later

Figure 26.Landuse Distribution of Residential Sector

In the residential sector-1 residential is 46.98%, commercial is 5.83%, public/ semi public is 11.60%, parks and open spaces is 32.41 %. These are all the area according to the standards.

4.8 Policy Incentives Industry The demand for developed industrial plots / land in Gurgaon -Manesar urban complex is increasing. In order to cope with the demand of software industries, auto mobile industries and other pollution free high-tech industries; an area of 5441 hectares has been reserved for industrial use. The Haryana state industrial development corporation and Haryana urban development authority have already developed an area of 1246 hectares in the said complex. The new industrial areas have been proposed along express highway adjacent to IMT Manesar. 

The state offers a wide range of fiscal and policy incentives for businesses under the industrial policy, 2011. On additionally the state has sector-specific policies, particularly, on it and tourism.



The state has a large base of skilled labour, making it an ideal destination f or knowledge based and manufacturing sectors. Further, the state has a large pool of semi skilled and unskilled labour for support services.

Haryana state industrial and infrastructure Development Corporation limited (HSIIDC) is the state’s premier industrial promotion agency, responsible for providing reliable and efficient facilities for entrepreneurs investing in the state (i)

A significant percentage the state’s work force is engaged in the automotive industry, important automotive centers are Gurgaon and Faridabad.

51

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

(ii)

Policy incentives and infrastructure in the state support investments in sectors such as automobiles and auto components, IT/ITES, textiles, agro-based industries, business tourism and commerce.

(iii)

Forming industrial clusters and developing infrastructure has been a key strategy of the state to attract investments in various industries.

(iv)

The state has taken a number of initiatives for developing industrial infrastructure to achieve consistent economic growth.

(v)

An industrial model township is coming up at Manesar near Gurgaon. It is being developed as an automotive and engineering hub.

(vi)

Haryana urban development authority (HUDA) is responsible for promoting and securing development of urban areas; responsibilities include land acquisition, development, and sale of property for residential, industrial and commercial purposes

4.9

Summary

The growth of the urban sprawl along with the industrial development has given way to the change in the economic pattern and the occupational pattern of the people. Since 1991, the quantum growth in the population and the introduction of the IMT Manesar along with the Udyog Bhawan as dedicated industrial area, the population has also shown an increase with more and more migrants flowing in from Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan etc. this may seem to give a boost to the economy but the increase in the population has gradually created pressure on the surround villages of Gurgaon Manesar as the land prices within the region is high, thus the people have no other choice but to settle down on the villages close to their working area and commute on a daily basis.

The industrial development had been haphazard with less dedicated residential sector.

So the need for the residential sectors and the other social and physical infrastructure with the industrial area and the urban villages should become the priority sector of the Governmental policy and the private developers as the population as projected will increase in future.

52

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

5

2012

Institutional setup and policy intervention

The institutions which are involved in the development of the Gurgaon Manesar are not only concentrated on the development of the important development nodes but also looking upon the surrounding area. The only problem which is now faced by the all the institution are the excessive flow of the migrants, and all the plans which are made are seems to be consumed in terms of population projection. To understand this success and failure of the multi nodal plan by different agencies, we have to look them very carefully and understand whether they are overlapped or they are just giving boost to the other Local development authorities.

The major institutions which are involved are:NCRPB- National Capital Region Planning Board 1. To co-ordinate the enforcement and implementation of the Regional Plan, Functional Plans, Sub-regional Plans and project Plans through the participating States and the National Capital Territory, Delhi 2. To ensure proper and systematic programming by the participating States and the NCT Delhi in regard to project formulation, determination of priorities in the National Capital Region or Sub-regions.

3. To arrange for, and oversee, the financing of selected development projects in the National Capital Region through Central and State Plan, funds and other sources of revenue.

HSIIDC-Haryana State Industrial & Infrastructure Development 1. Driving all round economic development in the state by providing world class infrastructure and inspiring entrepreneurship, resilience and success through timely provision of support services and facilitations.

2. Set up as a catalyst for promoting and accelerating the pace of industrialization in the State through development of industrial infrastructure in the State and provides a wide spectrum of services under one roof with the concept of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Total Industrial Supportâ&#x20AC;? for its clientele.

HUDA-Haryana Urban Development Authority 1. To promote and secure development of urban areas in a systematic and planned way with the power to acquire sell and dispose of property, both movable and immovable.

2. Use this so acquired land for residential, industrial, recreational and commercial purpose.

3. To make available developed land to Haryana Housing Board and other bodies for providing houses to economically weaker sections of the society, and.

4. To undertake building works.

53

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

5.1 Existing NCR policies and its Impact NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD ACT, 1985 To plan Delhi in the regional context under a suitable legislation which would control and regulate development in the region and finally parliament enacted the national capital region planning board act in 1985 with the concurrence of the constituent states â&#x20AC;&#x153;to provide for the constitution of a planning board for the preparation of a plan for the development of the national capital region and for coordinating and monitoring the implementation of such plan and for evolving harmonized policies for the control of land uses and development of infrastructure in the national capital region so as to avoid any haphazard development of that region and for maters connected there with or incidental there.

Important provisions of the NCRPB act, 1985 Section 10 of the chapter IV of the NCRPB act, 1985 makes the following provisions for the preparation of the regional plan.10(1) the regional plan shall be a written statement and shall be accompanied by such maps, diagrams, illustration and descriptive matter as the board may deem appropriate for the purpose of explaining or illustrating the proposal contained in the regional plan and every such map, diagram, illustration and descriptive matter shall be deemed to be a part of the regional plan. 10(2) the regional plan shall indicate the manner in which the land in the national capital region shall be used, whether by carrying out development thereon or by conservation or otherwise, and such other matters as are likely to have any important influence on the development of the national capital region and every such plan shall include the following elements needed to promote growth and balanced development of the national capital region, namely:1. The policy in relation to land use & the allocation of land for different uses; 2. The proposal for major urban settlement pattern; 3.

The proposal for providing suitable economic base for future growth;

4. The proposal regarding transport and communication including railways and arterial roads serving the national capital region; 5. The proposals for the supply of drinking water and for drainage; 6. Indication of the areas which require immediate development as â&#x20AC;&#x153;priority areasâ&#x20AC;?; and 7. Such other matters as may be included by the board with the concurrence of the participating states and the union territory for the proper planning of the growth and balanced development of the national capital region.

Section 15 of the act, 1985 gives directions regarding the review and how the revision is to be carried out which is as follow: 54

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

15(1) after every five years from the date of coming into operation of the finally prepared regional plan, the board shall review such regional plan in its entirety and may, after such review, substitute it by a fresh regional plan or may make such modification or alteration therein as may be found by it to be necessary.

15(2) where it is proposed to substitute a fresh regional plan in place of the regional plan which was previously finally prepared or where it is proposed to make any modifications or alterations in the finally prepared regional plan , such fresh plan or as the case may be, modifications or alterations shall be published and dealt with in the same manner as if it were the regional plan referred to in section 12 and 13 or as if they were the modifications or alterations in the regional plan made under section 14. For the preparation of the fresh regional plan under section 15(2) of the act, 1985 the following procedure has been laid down in section 12 of the act, 1985.

12(1) before preparing any regional plan finally the board shall prepare with the assistance of the committee a regional plan in draft and publish it by making a copy there of available for inspection and publishing a notice in such form and in such manner as may be prescribed inviting objections and suggestions from any person with respect to the draft regional plan before such date as may be specified in the notice.

12(2) the board shall also give reasonable opportunities to every local authority within whose local limits any land touched by the regional plan is situated, to make any representation with respect to the draft regional plan.

12(3) after considering all objections, suggestions and representations that may have been received by the board, the board shall finally prepare the regional plan.

5.2 Review of Industrial Policies in Haryana 5.2.1

Industrial and Investment Policy-2011

The new industrial policy, taking into account the current economic scenario and prospective developments, lays particular emphasis on further strengthening the base of the manufacturing sector besides knowledge based and high tech industries, efficient use of energy, conservation of resources for sustainable development. Development of well-planned infrastructure holds the key to overall future economic growth and this continues to be focus of the government.

Objectives ď&#x192;ź Higher, sustainable and inclusive economic growth by attracting investments in a focused and structured manner in potential areas ď&#x192;ź Facilitation of spatial dispersal of economic activities particularly in industrially lesser developed regions of the state..

55

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

 Promote private sector investment through public private partnerships.  Employment generation and enhanced employability through skill development.  Continued thrust on manufacturing sector as a key driver of economic growth.  Generation of entrepreneurial opportunities across all sectors of the economy.  Sustainable development by adopting environment friendly technologies.

Derived From Industrial Policy 1. Automobile and automotive components: 

The presence of maruti- suzuki, hero honda, honda motors, escorts which have led to the development of a large number of ancillaries in this sector. GurgaonManesar region has been identified as an auto hub by the government of India. A number of auto and auto component units have already set up base in this hub.



It is proposed to create a railway siding facility in IMT Manesar for smooth transportation of the manufactured goods from out of the IMT area for export and across various destinations in the country.

2. Footwear and accessories: 

The state has many leather product and footwear-making clusters which are actively involved in the process of end to end product marking. The major clusters are at Gurgaon, Manesar, and Faridabad etc.

3. Handloom, hosiery, textile and garments manufacturing: 

Gurgaon- Manesar belt has also emerged as the centre for manufacture and export of ready-made garments. a number of units are engaged in the manufacturing of leather garments and other accessories.

4. IT parks at IMT Manesar; HSIIDC has developed technology parks at IMT Manesar.

56

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

5.3 Urban development Regulation in Haryana

5.3.1

Norms and Standards

For the purpose of ensuring health and safety of the allotters and for proper aesthetics and a desirable street picture, Haryana urban development authority (erection of buildings) regulations, 1979 have been framed, which besides other design/ structural requirements, different standards etc.

(A) Industrial Table 12. Land use standards for Industrial Estate

S. no.

land use

% of area

1 Industrial

50

2 Residential

10

3 Circulation and open spaces

25

4 Public building and utilities

12

5 Commercial

3

Total

100

Source: HSIID C Haryana

ď&#x192;ź Information technology industrial units will be located in industrial areas / industrial zones only. ď&#x192;ź Cyber parks/ information technology parks will be located either in industrial areas or industrial/residential zones abutting on minimum 60 meters row sector roads in the form of integrated development.

Table 13. Size

Sr. no.

type

Size

1 Information technology industrial unit

1 to 5 acres

2 Cyber park/information technology park

5 to 15 acres

3 Cyber city

50 acres

Source: Development plan-2021

57

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Table 14.Minimum size of plot

Sr. no.

Industry plots

Size

1

Local service industry plot

100 sq. meters

2

Light industry plot

250 sq. meters

3

Medium industry plot

8000 Sq. meters

Source: Development plan-2021

Circulation system and other facilities:  The minimum row for the internal circulation roads would be kept at 18 meters; generally, the row at different roads would be 18/ 20 meters, 24/ 30 meters, 45 meters, and 60 meters.  The minimum take off point for the sewerage system will be 10” dia pipes.  The plans would appropriately address the parking requirements and make provision for idle parking and multi- level parking facilities, wherever required.

Table 15. .Social infrastructure of industrial

Sr. no.

Type

Area (in sq.m.)

1 Fire station

10,000

2 Club

40,000

3 Telephone exchange

10,000

4 Post office

2000

5 Police post

12000

6 Electric sub station

20,000

7 Sewerage treatment plant

10,000

8 50 beds hospital

20,000

9 Dispensary

10,000

10 Nursing home

2000

11 Research & development centre

4000

Source: HSIID C Haryana

(B) Components of Industrial housing:  Area under industrial housing= 10% of the whole industrial site  As per population: group housing norms =200-400 ppa (density) for industrial workers housing.

58

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

2012

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

Table 16.Commercial Area

Serial no.

Landuse

Percentage

1 Convenience shopping

1%

2 Community shopping

2%

3 Shopping complex at township level

3-4%

4 Public/community building

2%

5 Site for water scheme

As per requirements

6 Town level park

1-1.5%

Source: HSIIDC Hary ana Table 17.Social Infrastructure

Type

unit

population

Area in acre

Nursery school

1

2500

0.25

Primary school

1

5000

1

Sr secondary school (without hostel)

1

10000-15000

5

Sr. secondary school (with hostel

1

10000-15000

8

Crèche

1

20000-30000

0.25

Technical training centre

1

Township

15

level Religious building

2

15000

-

Source: HSIIDC Hary ana Table 18.Social Building

Building

Unit

Area (in sq. m.)

Level

Dharamsala

2

1000

Township

Religious building

2

1000

Township

Community building

1

10,000

township

Source: HSIIDC Hary ana

Relevance: ď&#x201A;ˇ To maintain the ratio of the industrial components with the site area these standards are very relevant. These are given by HSIIDC which is applicable in Haryana.

59

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

6

2012

Finding and Suggestions

The primary survey and the secondary information of the Gurgaon Manesar region reveal that though the region has been developed by the government initiatives and the private developers, the development has not been satisfactory as there are many loop holes and lags in the physical and the social infrastructures being noticed.

6.1

Finding

The short falls can be discussed under the following heads.



Industrial Infrastructure

The essential infrastructures required in an industrial area are missing in this region.

Components like cold storage, godowns, warehousing, scanners, weighbridges, cranes, booking offices which are essential in the industrial area development and its functioning are not present. Truck terminal and the parking space is of great importance is also not available.



Illegal Construction

Illegal construction has been noticed in the region due to the growth of the unplanned industrial and residential sectors. This creates undue pressure on the land which was previously allotted for the legal construction purpose and hence it becomes difficult met with the required infrastructure need in the region. 

Industrial Housing

The change in the economy has triggered the exceeding number of migrants from the neighboring region. As the price of the land in Gurgaon is high, the working classes of the migrants are unable to afford them and hence they have started filling up the nearby villages around Gurgaon Manesar.

This has created the pressure on the hosing sectors and the formation of slum area in and around the industrial region. Slums areas have shortages of water supply, sewerage and solid waste so they live in the unhygienic condition. 60% populations in slum are affected by the typhoid, which are water born diseases. 

Changing working pattern

The functional dependency of the region has changed over the period of time, where the agricultural activities have given way to the non-agriculture and tertiary activities. This pronounced change in the working pattern of the people and the economy has called forth the migration pattern which eventually creates pressure on the physical and the social infrastructures.

60

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

ď&#x201A;ˇ

2012

Changing inherent character of the villages

The immediate pressure of the migration has been felt on the villages. They have become the transport hubs and preferred residential areas for the migrants and the blue color job holders. Thus it is found that with the increasing population over the years there ought to be shortages in the social and physical infrastructures.

6.2

Suggestive Measures

Thus it can be noticed that the unprecedented growth potential of the Gurgaon Manesar Industrial region will not only increased and change the economic growth of the region but will also call forth for the in-migration from the neighboring areas and will create a pressure on the social and the physical infrastructure.

So there comes the need to provide basic housing facilities to the blue color workers and provide with the social and the physical infrastructure which are needed for the development of urban areas. As seen from above discussion there are illegal construction works being carried out which needs to be eliminated and provisions have to be made for the development in accordance to the planned proposals.

The land available under the illegal construction and left under litigations needs to be considered for the construction of the missing components of the industrial area and proposals needs to be developed to provide economical weaker section housing facilities to the workers and the migrants.

The changing trend of the whole Haryana is now in the hot news as most of the land which was earlier having a very good productivity is now changing to the most un productive land, this is not because of any natural changes but because of the changing nature of the human being, the changing pattern which has been seen in Gurgaon and Manesar is itself showing that in future there will be a sharp shortage in the food production.

Government should make the proper attention on such type of activities which can hamper their economy in the future. The area which is laying near to the most urbanized estate the concept of the urban agriculture should introduction in such type.

61

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Annexure

FOR THE WORKERS: NAME GENDER WHERE DO U WORK

PART A MALE MANESAR

AGE FEMALE GURGAON

DELHI

OTHER

EDUCATIONAL / PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION NAME OF THE INDUSTRY HE/SHE ENGAGED IN DESIGNATION TYPE OF INDUSTRY ENGEGED IN NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBER TYPE OF WORKER TYPE OF WORK YEARS OF STAY HAVE YOU MIGRATED MODE OF TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL RANGE VILLAGE WHERE DO U STAY WHO PROVIDE ACCOMODATION ARE U SATISFIED WITH THE PRESENT ACCOMMODATION SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY OF POWER TELECOMMUNICATION

ADULT PART B .SKILLED / PERMANENT <2 YES/ NO WALK

CHILDREN

<5KM

5-10KM

>10KM

PART C WITH IN .INDUSTRY

OUT SIDE THEMSELVES.

ON RENT

SATISFIED

INDIFFERENT

UNSATISFIED

UNSKILLED CASUAL 2-4 YEARS PLACE OF ORIGIN 2 WHEELERS

CONTRACTUAL >4 HRS BUS

OTHERS

PART D EDUCATION FACILITIES HEALTH FACILITIES DO U FACE ANY ENVIRONMENTAL/HEALTH HAZARDS?

PRIMARY/SECONDARY PHC

COLLEGE DISPENSARY

OTHER HOSPITAL

TECHNICAL INST EMGY WARD

ANY RECOMMENDATIONS OR SUGGESTIONS?

62

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

FOR THE EMPLOYERS:

2012

PART A

NAME GENDER WHERE DO U WORK

MALE MANESAR

AGE FEMALE GURGAON

EDUCATIONAL / PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION NAME OF THE INDUSTRY HE/SHE ENGAGED IN DESIGNATION TYPE OF INDUSTRY ENGEGED IN MEMBER IN THE FAMILY

ADULT

CHILDREN

DELHI

OTHER

PART B YEARS OF SERVICE IN THE PERTICULAR INDUSTRY HAVE U MIGRATED MODE OF TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL RANGE WHERE DO U STAY WHO PROVIDE ACCOMODATION SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY OF POWER TELECOMMUNICATION

>2 YES/NO WALK <5KM PART C WITH IN .INDUSTRY

2-4 YEARS PLACE OF ORIGIN 2 WHEELERS 5-10KM OUT SIDE THEMSELVES.

<4 BUS >10KM

OTHERS

ANYBODY/RENT

PART D EDUCATION FACILITIES HEALTH FACILITIES

PRIMARY/SECONDARY COLLEGE PHC DISPENSARY

OTHER FACILITIES

BANKS

PLAY GROUNDS

OTHER HOSPITAL GROSARY SHOPS

EMGY WARD PARKS

DO U PROVIDE ANY ASSSISTANC FOR ENVI

ANY RECOMMENDATIONS OR SUGGESTIONS?

63

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

FOR THE LOCAL: NAME GENDER WHERE DO U WORK MEMBER IN THE FAMILY DID U LOST LAND UNDER AQUASITION HOW MUCH

2012

PART A MALE MANESAR ADULT

AGE FEMALE GURGAON CHILDREN

YES

NO

DELHI

OTHER

PART B DID U TRAVEL DAILY MODE OF TRANSPORTATION

YES/NO WALK

2 WHEELERS

BUS

OTHERS

ROAD CONNECTIVITY TRANSPORT FACILITIES

VERY GOOD PUBLIC

GOOD PRIVATE

FAIR

BAD

WHERE DO U STAY TYPE OF HOUSE

NEAR INDUSTRY CONCRETE

PART C FAR AWAY WOOD MUD

YES/NO

ROOMS

EDUCATION FACILITIES

PRIMARY/SECONDARY

PART D COLLEGE OTHER

HEALTH FACILITIES OTHER FACILITIES

PHC BANKS

EMGY DISPENSARY HOSPITAL WARD PLAY GROUNDS GROSARY SHOPS PARKS

ROOMS ON RENT/HOW MANY IN NUMBER SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY OF POWER TELECOMMUNICATION

DO U FACE ANY ENVIRONMENTAL/HEALTH HAZARDS?

ANY RECOMMENDATIONS OR SUGGESTIONS?

64

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

Bibliography 1. Sullivan, Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Economics: Principles in action.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. p.472.

2. Lewis F. Abbott, Theories of Industrial Modernisation & Enterprise Development: a Review, ISM/Google Books, revised 2nd edition, 2003.

3. Davies Kingsley and Golden H.H.(1954) : " Urbanisation and development in preIndustrial Areas", EconomicDevelopment and CulturalChange , Vol.3 no 1 4. Brockerhoff, M. and Brennam, E (1998) The poverty of cities in Developing Regions, Populations andDevelopmentReview, Vol 24, No 1, pp 75-114 5. Parkhi.S,(2011),the Urban Fringes of Indian Cities, The Concept of Urban fringe and the basis for Deination,pp-55-62 6. GIDC SIR Boucher, vibrant Gujarat 2011 7. http://www.eximguru.com/exim/special_economic_zone_sez/ch_1_introduction .asp 8. Vision 2010,Haryana,”Deprtment of Town And Country Planning” 9. Sinha. Prashakar, 2007,”Residence to drive realty” Times of India, Aug 18.

10. Harinder Singh ,Realistic Realtor 11. Beckman.G, 1967,” Spatial aspects on the interaction between Industrial development and urbanization in Ghana” pp 85.

12. Jain. S et al, 2011,”Spatial Metrics to analyze the Impact of Regional Factors on Pattern of Urbanization in Gurgaon”, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, February, pp-203-212 13. Pathak, P and Mehta, D. (1995) Recent Trend in Urbanisation and Rural-Urban Migration in India : Some Explanations and Projections , Urban India, vol.15, No.1, pp.1-17.

14. Sharma.H.S and Mishra.R.N, 2011 “Evaluation of Master Plans and Changing Character of Fringe areas of Jaipur”, pp-143-159 15. Barai.D.C et al, 2011“Integrated Approach for Characterization of Urban Fringe Area”, pp 160-170 16. Thakur. B, 2011, “The structure and Dynamics of the Urban Fringe of Delhi”,pp173-189 17. Kundu, A (1983): "Theories of City Size Distribution and Indian Urban Structure – A Reappraisal", Economic and Political weekly, 18(3).

65

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

18. Denis,E and Marius gnanou,K (2011):” Towards a better Appraisal of Urbanization in India” Institute Francais de Pondichery, and ADES, Bordeaux University.

19. Kohli,D, (2006):” Spatio – Temporal Gradients Modeling of Land cover Changes” ITC IIRS,Netherlands.

20. Allen P.M., and Sanglier, M. (1979): A dynamic model of urban growth: II. Journal Social Biol. Struct. 2: 269-278.

21. Rangaswami. V, 2011 “ Urban Fringe of Vadodara”, pp-191-200 22. Census of India 2001, 2011. Statistical abstract Haryana 2010-2011 23. Bhagat, R. B. (1992) “Components of Urban Growth in India with Reference to Haryana: Findings from Recent Censuses “Nagarlok, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 10-14.

24. Kelley, A. C. and William, J. G. ( 1984a ) “ Population Growth, Industrial Revolution, and the Urban Transition “, Population and Development Review, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 419-441 25. Ibrahim M, A. E .S, Mohammad (2000),” Urban and industrial development planning as an approach for Saudi Arabia: the case study of Jubail and Yanbu”, , Habitat International.

26. www.ibef.org/harayan 27. Alagh, Y.k, (1972 )Regional Aspect of Indian Industrialization, Bombay University, XII, pp. 79 28. Mahesh and Puri, 1983, “Regional planning in India” New Delhi, Allied Publisher PP. 541 29. Dikshit.J.K, (2011):” The Urban Fringes of Indian Cities” Rawat Publication, Jaipur 30. Kulshrestha S.K (1998): “Dictionary of Urban and Regional Planning”, Kalpaz Publication, Delhi, 31. Mayhew. S,(2004):, a Dictionary of Geography, Oxford University Press, Delhi.

32. Pandit, M.L,(1995):, “Industrial Development in Punjab and Haryana”, B.R Publishing Corporation, Delhi

66

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY

Facets of an upcoming Urban Industrial Hub: A case study of Gurgaon - Manesar

2012

DOCUMENTS 1) City Development Plan (Gurgaon), published by Town and Country Planning 2025 2) Gurgaon District Gazetteer, Published by Government of Haryana, (2010) 3) Evaluation study of DMA towns in National capital Region (NCR), Published by Ministry of Urban Development. (2007) 4) NCR Policy Zones, Demographic Profile And settlement Pattern, by NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD, NEW DELHI, 2001 5) Statistical Abstract of Haryana, Published by Economic and Statistical Organization, government of Haryana,(2007-2008) 6) Haryana Government Gazette (2011) 7) Industrial Development in Haryana- Prospects ,Policies and Planning (1998) 8) Gurgaon and Faridabad- An Exercise in Contrasts (2009) 9) National Capital Regional Plan 2021

67

Faculty of Planning and Public Policy , CEPT UNIVERSITY