Rediscovering Rituals by Raymond Sim Jing Ye

REDISCOVERING

RITUALS to be aware of space, so as to be more aware of self

part one: more than just a library part two: the domestic interior

Glasgow School of Art Singapore

Raymond Sim Jing Ye

SG Y4 Interior Design 18/19

rediscovering rituals

what happened to us?

rediscovering rituals

UNIQLO Orchard Central (Global Flagship)

what happened to us?

We are creating a machine in which each of us is a mindless and reflexive cog, relentlessly driven by the competitiveness of the system and the everlasting pursuit of material wealth. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s just a means to an end.

What happened to us? We are currently living in an era of extreme unpredictability and rapid change, fueling our varocious appetite for all things new. In this consumerist culture, our social status, values and activities are defined largely by the goods and services we consume. As we become increasingly driven to earn more and more we forsake our emotions and psychological well-being by throwing ourselves into work, just to be able to acquire the things that we desire.

This distressing phenomenon is most evidently reflected in the spaces that we occupy, and it essentially translates into a continuous cycle of replacing the old with the new. When it comes to our domestic home environment, it is inevitable that we would fill our houses with thousands of personal items , as if to convey our personal status. And depending on the number of members in the house, the amount of items accumulated can be staggering.

And of course, our children are unfortunately not spared from this perpetual cycle to accumulate wealth. From young, we were shown that our life is more often than not defined by what we have. It is so ingrained in us that we should study hard and achieve excellent results so that in the future we would be able to land a high paying job. Eventually we just keep on working and working just because.

On the other hand, personal growth and psychological well-being gave way to pragmatism. It is manifested in places such as educational institues and offices. Schools are where intelligence is measured and workplaces are where productivity is evaluated. They are utilitarian and practical, acting as an environment for the sole purpose of the day to day consumption of knowledge and carrying out of tasks and jobs. As such, since a young age we are unwittingly placed in an environment which ever so subtly expresses and reinforces the expectations and cultures of the society.

rediscovering rituals

what happened to us?

It has become increasingly common for students and workers to experience high levels of stress and anxiety due to our horribly unequal and misplaced priorities. Government bodies have tried to promote worklife balance, reminding us to take time out to concentrate on our psychological and emotional well-being, but to no avail. Like it or not, there is still an deep-seated culture of competitiveness and materialism, further reinforced ever so subtly by the architecture and design of the spaces we work or study in. And so the question now is then how are we able use design to our advantage to create spaces that encourages us, as students and members of the workforce, to look inwards and start to understand our emotional and psychological selves, to realise that although we should strive to be better we must not forsake who we truly are and be controlled by the chase. In this portfolio I will attempt to explore the various methods to help promote a heightened state of awareness, of both the self and the surroundings. Through the utilization of minimalist concepts and also basic design principles, my aim is to allow users to rediscover the significance of the simplicity and at the same time richness of everyday experiences that we so often take for granted.

rediscovering rituals

content page

03 10 18 20

rediscovering rituals meritocracy the case for Minimalism mobili grigi

part one: 24 30 36 44 52 62

more than just a library case studies site analysis exploration and application the whole is greater than the sum of its parts wander/ wonder

part two: 82 - the domestic interior 88 - case studies 90 - site analysis 98 - exploration and application 106 - the whole is greater than the sum of its parts 120 - wander/ wonder 128 - conclusion 130 - references

rediscovering rituals

meritocracy the only way is up

meritocracy

How did we get here? It is a well-known fact that Singapore, despite being one of the youngest nation in the world grew from a third-world country with no natural resources to a thriving global city in just five decades since its independence. It has enjoyed unprecedented economic growth, becoming one of the most competitive country in the world. This was only possible thanks in part to the various policies set in place at that time, with great emphasis placed on improving the living standards of Singapore and at the same time propelling Singapore into becoming a first world country. And so it begins. No effort was spared when it comes to issues such as education, housing and employment. Now Singapore boasts the best education system, the highest rate of home ownership and the lowest rate of unemployment in the world. But this was all built on a meritocratic system, where the ability to get good grades and work hard is valued above all else, because the goal is to get to the top and to always be better than others

rediscovering rituals

No effort was spared when it comes to issues such as education, housing and employment. Now Singapore boasts the best education system, the highest rate of home ownership and the lowest rate of unemployment in the world. But this was all built on a meritocratic system, where the ability to get good grades and work hard is valued above all else, because the goal is to get to the top and to always be better than others. As such, what was once a drive to collectively help Singapore attain a first-world living standard unfortunately turned into an obsession with money and material wealth, the need to be able to prove that we are above the rest.

meritocracy

This has led to a large number of Singaporeans experiencing stress and anxiety, especially the students, with a high percentage of them stating that it was due to them worrying about their grades and how well they would perform on tests and exams. Similarly, Singapore also has one of the longest work hours in the world. The result of this is a poor work-life balance and also an unsurprisingly high level of stress and anxiety.

rediscovering rituals

Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Well-being It is widely known that Singapore has one of the best education system in the world, and students here are also lauded for their academic prowess. But underneath all that prestige, there is a distressing trend of students in Singapore experiencing high levels of stress and anxiety. There are plenty of articles written regarding this issue. One of the most prominent cause of this is the amount of importance we put onto grades. In our hyper-competitive culture, doing well and getting good grades in school equates to living a better life in the future, better than our peers. This has in turn led to an increasing number of students seeking help at the Institute of Mental Health (IMH) for school-related stress, as they are unable to cope with them. No matter how many times our government tries to downplay this issue by saying that grades are not the main focus and that all school are equal, the cultural and societal expectation still persists.

meritocracy

rediscovering rituals

meritocracy

So what now? In the following chapter, I would be doing a research on the concept of minimalism, minimalist architects and of course their works. The reason why I decided to use minimalist as a starting point for the conceptualization of my projects is because

In light of all these issues that we face in our everyday lives, it is imperative that we find the time, ability and space for us to engage in quiet reflection and introspection, for us to reconnect with our inner self and listen to our own voice, and to disengage with the overstimulated outside world even if only for awhile.

I feel that in this day and age where we cannot help but to be sucked into a world of distraction and spectacle, the core message that minimalism is trying to convey is a much needed antidote. The goal was not to be distracted by the trivial, but instead to be immersed in the moment, to appreciate the essence and simplicity of existence.

As much as we dislike wasting time and being unproductive, we crave times when we could just be silent and still, to not let the noise and urgency of the world to get into our heads . But the problem now is that we just do not know how, because we are confined in spaces which does just that, spaces that ever so slightly reflect the expectations and culture of a society that prides itself in its rapid economical development but neglected to pay attention to the emotional and psychological aspect of our lives.

rediscovering rituals

the case for Minimalism is Minimalism the antidote?

the case for Minimalism

What is Minimalism? When it comes to the term minimalism, what usually comes to mind first would be a style or a fashionable trend whereby people are encouraged to declutter their living spaces and have as little stuff as possible. This trend was further pushed into the mainstream media by Marie Kondo, a Japanese organising consultant. Although that may be true, Minimalism is so much more than that, especially when it comes to fields such as art and design. Minimal art may look a little too simplistic but they in fact require great skill, for the artists to be able to condense their works down to their essential elements and still possess such a wholesome intent. Minimalism had its beginnings in New York in the 1960s, as an art movement which was a reaction to the abstract expressionism movement born out of the post World-War II period

Donal Judd Untitled (Six Boxes) 1974

rediscovering rituals

Dan Flavin ‘‘monument’’ for V. Tatlin (cool white fluorescent light) 1966

Art As explained is the previous page, minimalist art was a sort of a reaction against the abstract expressionism moviement. Instead of expressing their own emotions through two dimensional paintings, minimal artists sought to allow their work to evoke emotions from the viewers themselves, in relation to the very space that they are located in. Minimal art can be described as a spatial experience. Usually made using generic industrial materials and readily available store-bought objects such as mirrors and fluorescent tubes, to transform a generic space into a unique experience.

the case for Minimalism

Architecture On the other hand, architecture was not really associated with minimal art or minimalism until the 1980s. Although architects such as Adolf Loos and Mies van der Rohe were not minimalists by any degree and neither did they condsider themselves as such, their works and thinkings falls closely in line with the concepts of minimal art. The notion of the removal of ornaments harkens back to Adolf Loos’ text ‘‘Ornament and Crime”. And the leanings towards basic and simple forms and shapes is reminiscent of Mies’ quote ‘‘less is more’’. One example that reflects this unusual relationship would be the Farnsworth House, designed by Mies. The Farnsworth House consists of clean lines and a neutral color palatte. It was constructed mainly with with glass and has a steel frame. This calls back to minimal art and how it favours basic shapes and unassuming materials.

rediscovering rituals

mobili grigi Ettore Scotsassâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Grey Furniture

mobili grigi

Furnishing as Environment Designed by Ettore Scotsass, this series of furniture was not meant to be a collection of objects that is each considered different from the next, but rather they come together to create a complete furnishing system. He prefers to make objects which would not fall prey to consumerism, whereby trends dictate the lifespan of these products. Instead he aims to create items that has the ability to be inserted into any setting without leaving a trace. He feels that furnishings need not provide the house with a specific image, saying that they should be relegated to the background, only fulfilling the basic functions of the house. What this means is that it is precisely the whole system's neutrality that allows for the possibility for the users to projects their own desires and rituals onto the space.

rediscovering rituals

Part 1: more than just a Library 25

rediscovering rituals

more than just a library

A series of integrated shelving units in varying heights strategically placed along a strong horizontal datum creates a space that is at once clear and readable, but at the same time introduces the element of discovery and unpredictability, turning an ordinary school library into a space that stimulates the mind and soul.

more than just a Library In part one of my final year project, I will be working on redesigning a school library. What this project sets out to achieve is to address the core issue that is plagueing the education system in Singapore, and that is the huge emphasis placed on grades, which is affecting the mental health and well-being of students. The goal is to take advantage of the spatial qualities that is commonly associated with a library and utilize it to create a new kind of library, one that provides opportunites and encourages the students to take one step back from theirs books, and allow the space to evoke feelings of calm and restfulness. These emotions are much needed, and especially beneficial to students when they are feeling stressed out. I will start this project off by analysing some newly opened libraries in Singapore, and also works by architect John Pawson. Then I will explore and dive deeper into the inherent spatial qualities of a library and how I can improve on them to create a space that reflect the evolving role it plays in this day and age.

rediscovering rituals

library /ˈlʌɪbrəri,ˈlʌɪbri/ noun a building or room containing collections of books, periodicals, and sometimes films and recorded music for use or borrowing by the public or the members of an institution. "a university library"

more than just a library

Traditionally, the purpose of a school library, an important source of knowledge, was for students and members of the faculty to browse and borrow the collection of reading and video materials for teaching and research purposes. But nowadays, this is not the case. Especially in this digital age where materials could be easily found online. Libraries have become so much more that just a place to browse and borrow materials. People now visit the library for an even wider range of reasons, from meeting with friends, getting some rest, to even utilizing the space as a respite from the hustle and bustle of city life.

rediscovering rituals

case studies National Library Board

case studies

User-centric Design The way we experience libraries today are no longer the same as those of yesteryear. With the advancments in technology, activties that once required personnels to carry out can now be easily be done by ourselves, without even steeping foot in the library. In light of the evolving role of the library, the National Library Board has adopted a moreW user-centric approach towards the design of their libaries. Instead of a one-size-fits-all design that used to be the norm, the aim now was to create spaces that are important and cater to the needs of different users. This will be a short analysis on how this new approach have been executed in newly built libraries, namely the library@orchard and the Tampines Regional Library.

rediscovering rituals

library@orchard More than just a good-looking library, the library@orchard was designed right down to the very last detail. Feedback was gathered from the public with the aim of creating a truly user-friendly design that suits the need as aspirations of would-be library goers. Built on the theme of “Design is for everyone”, various sections are created to cater to the different needs of the users, from communal tables on the first storey for doing work, to a multitude of enclosed spaces on the second storey that fosters quiet reading. But a simple and cohesive aesthetic help to bind all these spaces together. It also succeeds in encouraging civicmindedness through design, with chairs and seating placed in close proximity, which makes people naturally want to ‘behave’.

case studies

On the second level, single-seat cocoons that emerge out of the end of the bookshelves to provide users with a more intimate and quiet space to engage in quiet reading or contemplation.

rediscovering rituals

case studies

Tampines Regional Library Located at Our Tampines Hub, this massive library boasts an unblocked panoramic view of the football stadium down below. It is split into five levels, with each one dedicated to different groups of users. There is an Early Literacy Floor, which was specially designed with parents and children in mind. Instead of the spines, books in this area have their covers facing out so as to allow for easy indentification by the children. #spaceout is targeted towards teenagers, with numerous pocketed spaces where they can enjoy a book or just simply relax. And lastly on the Adultsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Fiction level, it features several lounges that are perfect for quiet reading.

rediscovering rituals

site analysis

Temasek Polytechnic Library Level 7

site analysis

Temasek Polytechnic Library Firstly, the reason I chose to work on the library in Temasek Polytechnic is because there is a clear demographic of users, which is limited to students and staff members, unlike a public library where anyone is able to access. Also, it is situated within an academic environment. This brings about certain expectations on what schools and its facilities should look and function, contributing to an image that is befitting of an educational institution. With that being said I feel strongly that there is so much potential in the redefinition of how a library should function and how it should look like, especially in this day and age where materials can be accessed so easily online and the fact that a library does not just function as a traditional library anymore.

rediscovering rituals

Location A library located in a polytechnic functions differently from a library located in a secondary school. Firstly, because there are only 5 polytechnics in Singapore, facilities like libraries serve an exponentially larger population, making it so much more crowded. Secondly, libraries in polytechnics also acts as a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;third spaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; for the students. Again, because there are only 5 polytechnics in the whole of Singapore, a higher percentage of students would most probably not stay nearby or even in the region where the school is located. Due to this reason, most of them would rather choose to stay in school, especially in the library, in-between periods instead of wandering outside, because of the rather comfortable and quiet atmosphere.

site analysis

rediscovering rituals

Observations The most striking thing that I have observed while working on the site analysis is that majority of the students that are studying in the library do not use the books. All of them are doing their research and assignments in their own personal computer. Secondly, there is an obvious sense of disconnect between the elements in the library. The shelves, desks, chairs and all other furniture in the space appears as though they are only there to serve its own specific purpose, with no regards to the overall aesthetic of the space.

site analysis

rediscovering rituals

Upgrading The library recently went though extensive renovation and upgrading works. With the renovation, the libraryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s facilities and collections were streamlined and re-purposed to create new learning and activity spaces including the Makerspace@TP, the Collaboration Space, Quiet Zone and Learning Pods to provide a richer and more dynamic learning environment for users. As seen in the pictures on the next page, in the pictures on the left column it is evident that plenty of attention has been given to spaces where group and collaborative work are performed. On the other hand self study areas such as the ones shown in the right column, it is clear that spaces like these that cater to individuals are less of a priority. I feel that the self study areas should not be neglected and given less attention than the areas that cater to groups because it is exactly due to the individualistic nature that they are all the more important in providing the students with a quiet and peaceful environment, away from the noise and din of everyday school life.

site analysis

rediscovering rituals

exploration and application Form and Function

exploration and application

Form and Function In this section I will be exploring and applying the themes that I have consolidated through the analysis of the concept of minimalism onto the function and environment of my chosen site, a library located inside Temasek Polytechnic. The themes are ‘the Whole is greater than the sum of its parts’, and ‘wander/ wonder’. Also, I will be starting this section of by talking briefly about the architect John Pawson, and at the same time showing off a few collages that I created based on some of his works. The aim of this is to streamline the forms, funtions and overall experience of the space in relation to the forms and aesthetics of minimalist design.

rediscovering rituals 8

John Pawson John Pawson is a british architectural designer who is known widely as one of the main proponents of minimalist architecture. In spite of that, he does not wish to be labelled a minimalist, instead he prefers to be known for his ability to create spaces and buildings that are on the verge of being too simplistic but yet so intensely rich and so full of vitality There are a series of visibly recurring themes found in his works: mass, light, structure, ritual, landscape, order, containment, repetition, volume, essence and as well as expression. What he aims to achieve is a new way of how we perceive space and the notion of simplicity, not just as a vessel for our endless worldly possessions or a fleeting fashionable statement, but rather a way of life and a new way of thinking: to be able to find beauty and excitement in the simplest of forms.

exploration and application

What he aims to achieve is a new way of how we perceive space and the notion of simplicity, not just as a vessel for our endless worldly possessions or a fleeting fashionable statement, but rather a way of life and a new way of thinking: to be able to find beauty and excitement in the simplest of forms. In the next few pages I will be incorporating the functions of a library into some of Pawsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s built works. This is an attempt at creating a simulated image depicting an environment of a library in a minimalist setting.

rediscovering rituals

exploration and application

Mass and Proportion These two images depict the functions of a library superimposed on top of display plinths in the Japanese flagship store of fashion label Jil Sander. The interior consists of walls and floors covered in pale limestone, punctuated by cherry wood accents. The themes explored here are mass and proportion. Although these are justs plinths rising up from the floor with each no less than 40 centimeters tall, they have a pleasant proportion, especially when viewed up close and with human figures. These monolithic structures also have a satisfying and intense feeling of presence, even more so as it is made of stone. But then the slight offset from the ground gives it an almost mystical feeling of weightlessness.

rediscovering rituals

exploration and application

Light and Repetition Repetition of forms is characteristic of any library. The rows of neatly placed and evenly spaced shelves filled with books instills users with a sense of order and also provide the space with a strong rhythmic quality. An element of discovery is also present, as these repeated forms provide the library with an explorational aspect similar to walking down the aisles of a supermarket, without really knowing what you minght find or see next. Light provides a space with a warm and enticing glow. When used in conjuction with strategically placed structures or objects, light is able to transform or create entirely new spaces.

rediscovering rituals

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Visual Coherence A consistent color palatte, clean lines and simple geometric forms are key to creating a restful and neutral ambience that is beneficial for either studying or quiet self-reflection. But as shown in the previous section, the condition of the existing library is far from peaceful. All the mismatched elements end up creating a library that does not appear peaceful and harmonious to the users, because every single item is fighting for the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attention. In this section, I plan to streamline all the different functions of the library, from the chairs and tables to the shelves and fixtures. By creating a system of integrated furnitures, I would be able to reduce the number of visually inconsistent elements. The goal here is to create a space that is visually coherent, a seamless system where nothing distracts the eye or the mind.

rediscovering rituals

Simple Geometry Shelves are a quintessential part of any library. These rectangular forms are repeated in neat rows and columns throughout the whole space. They contain thousands of books and article for the browsing pleasure of users. But since now there is no need for so many books, do we still need so many shelves? Although there is no need, I fell that the formal language of these shelves should be retained. It provides users with a sense of familiarity, because without them a library would just be a static and open space. In the next few pages are my exploration of integrating usually disparate functions of a library into the geometrical forms of shelves. Form and function come together as one to create a uniform and balanced environment.

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

booth

integrated seating

bookshelf with seating

corridor between shelves

shelf with passageway

rediscovering rituals

1 3 2

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

1 - shelf & booth seating 2 - shelf & integrated table 3 - shelf & enclosed table

rediscovering rituals

Booth Seating

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Tall Shelf

Low Shelf

rediscovering rituals

wander/ wonder

Discovery Process Part of the appeal of going to a library is to experience the joy of discovery. The endless rows of shelves provide the perfect setting to engage in a process of spontaneous wandering and exploration, whereby we drift from aisle to aisle, touching the spines of the books as we run our hands across every shelf. It does not matter if we leave the library with a book or not, but rather it was the feeling of unpredictability that was so satisfying. To not know what you are going to see or find right around the corner or on the next shelf. With the series of integrated furnitures which I have designed, the next step would be to organize them in a way which emulates the experience of discovery and unexpectedness in a traditional library setting. The only differencce is instead of books, users would be discovering spaces.

rediscovering rituals

Layering As seen in the previous section, I have designed 3 different structures to streamline the forms of a library together with its functions. They are the tall shelf, the low shelf and an integrated booth seating. Now the challenge is to find a way to organize them so that they can provide the users with an environment which feels instinctively familiar but at the same time possess a subtle sense of intrigue and unpredictability, much like how a traditional library is. In these next few explorations, I played around with the idea of layering and using the shelves as a kind of partition, thereby segregating and at the same time creating little pockets of intimate spaces. Users would be able to wander through these seemingly unassuming forms until they stumble into a clearing right in the midst of all the shelves.

wander/ wonder

These process models depict that layering of shelves may look intimidating and impenetrable at first, and only by venturing inside would the users then discover that there are pockets of clearing amidst the mess.

rediscovering rituals

Layering The next step would be the application of the layering of the shelves onto the floorplan. Note that because the plan of the library is curved, I have tried to incorporate the rectilinear forms of the shelves in a way that addresses the unique shape of the library, and at the same time still be able to create the pockets of spaces.. But after much consideration and exploration, I have decided to organize these elements by way of a grid. The grid ensures that all the furnitures and fixtures in the library follow a visible system. The grid also allows for more opportunnities to create spaces that are modular, which in turn would render them easier to read and understand.

wander/ wonder

As shown in the diagramatic plan above, the grid aids me in the space planning. There are 4 obvious different sections, with one just slightly variating from another. There is also a clear circulation path in between the 4 different sections, and also an outer path that connects all the sections together. Next, since I have already decided on the placement of the structures, I will be going more in depth and explaining in detail why did I make these decisions.

rediscovering rituals

6 5 7 5

2 4

5 1

wander/ wonder

4 5

Temasek Polytechnic Library 7th Storey Floorplan Self-study Zone 1 - Elevator Lobby 2 - Atrium 3 - Library Search 4 - Reading Booth 5 - Modular Lounge Seats 6 - Toilet 7 - Escape Staircase 0

Tall Shelf 10

Low Shelf

Booth Seating

rediscovering rituals

Nowadays libraries now should not be defined as a space for books anymore. As stated in my site analysis in pages 40 to 43, a library located in a school serves a more varied purpose. Students now use this space as a refuge, a third space, due to the obvious quiet and restful nature of a library. Students who use this space also do not utilize the books on the shelves, preferring instead to work on their own personal computers because the materials they need can be found online. I have decided to reduce the number of books in the library. Then I will orientate the shelves, alternating between inward and outward facing, so that not all the books would be visible at once. This would make for a less visually distracting environment.

rediscovering rituals

Civic-mindedness The different height of the shelves also ensure that the space has a high degree of readability, unlike the walls of shelves that is seen in the current library that immediately blocks the view of the surroundings. This also helps to make users more aware of the space that they are in by maintaining visual connection to the other people that are using the library, therefore signalling that they are not the only ones here. This would in turn help to foster a more civic-minded and gracious generation of Singaporeans.

rediscovering rituals

Walls As shown in the 3D rendering in the previous page, it is clearly shown that the black shelves are the more prominent objects in the space. But their height and dark color serves a purpose. These structures can act as a passageway, their curved edges slowly drawing and enticing passerbys to come discover what is just around the corner. This small design gesture subtly guides users around the space, a forest of rectangular forms, and ultimately to the many quiet and enclosed spaces dotted all around the library.And also their monolithic froms provides users with a sense of security, much like the thick walls of a fortress.

wander/ wonder

rediscovering rituals

Intimate Spaces So it is only natural that I will be using the spaces behind these tall shelves as private areas. To further intensify the feeling of being protected inside a fortress, I have decided to incorporate low modular sofas because that would make users perceive the height of the shelves as even higher. The modular sofas also share the same geometric forms as the shelves, thereby contributing to the overall aesthethic of the space. All of these intimate spaces would be oriented away from the main circulation paths in the library so as to maintain a degree of privacy. The goal here is to help create a sense of belonging and familiarity between the users and the library. After several visits, students would be able to understand the whole space and then gravitate naturally to the spaces that they feel connected to, thereby providing them with a feeling of peacefulness.

rediscovering rituals

wander/ wonder

Study Corner These shelves also provide users with the optimum setting for self-study. They help block noise from the surroundings and also create a semi-private area that does not feel detached from the main space

rediscovering rituals

Part 2: the Domestic Interior 83

rediscovering rituals

the domestic interior

A dark aesthetic and a series of wall-like structures with curved corners transform an ordinary HDB apartment into a space filled with intrigue and fluidity, while the ever-changing play of light and shadow injects a sense of dynamism into an otherwise static environment.

the Domestic Interior The goal of this project is to apply the concepts of minimalism, such as the elimination of surface decorations and the utilization of basic symmetrical compositions, into a domestic interior setting so as to achieve a brand new take on how a home could look like and function. The aim is to provide users with a space where they could discover who they really are, their deepest identity, and also what they truly desire.

In part two of my final year project I will be working on redesigning my own house, a Housing Development Board (HDB) apartment. What this project sets out to do is to address how we as Singaporeans, having grown up in a meritocratic society, occupy spaces. It is ingrained in us since young that our self worth is determined by how well we do in school and what kind of jobs we will get in the future. So in turn, we as adults continuously perpetuate the societal norm whereby we pour ourselves into work just so that we can achieve prestige, leaving us with no time to ourselves. As a result we neglect our emotional and psychological health, while we chase the material and distraction, because they provide us with instant gratification.

I will start this project off by analysing the site, and also works by architect Tadao Ando and designer Ettore Scotsass. Then I will explore how I am able to apply the themes and concepts stated in the previous chapters into my chosen site. The aim is to create a domestic environment that is not defined by how empty it is when stripped of its clutter and frivolity, but by, as John Pawson wrote: ‘‘the rightness of what is there and by the richness with which this is experienced’’.

Inevitably, the spaces that we occupy would bear traces of the items that we have amassed over the years. The more members in a house, the more possessions there will be. There comes a point where it would be too much. Instead of relying on the perpetual cycle of accumulating material goods to satisfy our desires, we should be taking a more nuanced approach and think about what is it that we truly want.

rediscovering rituals

House or Home When we think of the words ‘house’ or ‘home’, what comes to mind first would be a safe heaven where we can escape into. It should be a place without judgement, where one can feel safe and protected. To be able to seek refuge from the outside world. It goes beyond its concrete description and function. Nowadays people are more concrened about boundaries and material wealth. We treat our homes as merely a shelter, populating areas with our personal belongings with the hopes of marking our territory. Houses are always designed with functionality, practicality and cost in mind, which often times result in spaces that are dull and devoid of character.

the domestic interior

The homes that we know of these days are barely a sanctuary for the families and the members that live in it. It does not provide users with a soothing and serene environment so that they may effectively calm themselves down and engage in quiet reflection. We spend at least half of our day at home. It is the first thing we see in the morning when we wake up, and the last thing we see before we fall asleep. The question to ask now is if it is time to reconsider what a home means and how it should look like? Especially in a time where we are so out of tune with our environment, our family and most importantly, ourselves.

rediscovering rituals

site analysis

Rivervale Drive Blk 196 Unit 11-727

site analysis

Personal Project For this project I will be using my own home as the site. The reason I made this decision was firstly because this is called the personal project, and secondly the number of family members involved would make this project a particularly interesting one. It also reflects my desire to design my own house to better suit the needs of my family in the long run. In the next few pages I will be analysing my home according to some key spatial elements that I feel are important in achieving my aim. They include lighting, circulation and visual coherence. I would also like to maintain the openness of the space, while at the same time providing adequate privacy for all the users.

rediscovering rituals

Visual Coherence Due to the fact that there are 6 occupants in the unit, there would naturally be more personal objects and belongings in the space. With objects belonging to 6 different personalities, there is no surprise that the house would look like a mess. The materiality and colour of the houses and the various fixtures and furnitures are also contributing factors to the appearance of the house. With so many mis-matched elements, there is no clear design and organizational language to be found. After spending so much time outside in the hustle and bustle of the city, users are still unable to enjoy a piece of mind at home. The pictures on the right feature a few photos taken in my home depicting, the visual and physical clutter that is experienced everyday.

site analysis

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Sunset

7 6 Sunrise

- Sun Path

1. Bedroom 1 2. Bedroom 2 3. Main Bedroom 4. WC 1 5. WC 2 6. Kitchen 7. Store/ Pantry 8. Living/ Dining

site analysis

Natural Lighting As the unit is located on a high floor, there is no overhead obstructions when it comes to natural lighting. The path of the sun travels from the northeast to the southwest directly above the block, so instead of harsh lighting this unit receives even and diffused illumination throughout the day. There is potential for the natural light to be used to great effect when designing the space.

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4 8 5 6

- Circulation Path

1. Bedroom 1 2. Bedroom 2 3. Main Bedroom 4. WC 1 5. WC 2 6. Kitchen 7. Store/ Pantry 8. Living/ Dining

site analysis

Circulation As evident in the floorplan, the circulation of the occupants is highly dependant on the fixtures and furnitures present in the space. It is essentially dictated by the amount of free space left. In spite of that, the path is still clearly visible. One way to allow more free walking space in the unit is to keep all furnitures and fixtures close to the walls. I would like to also maintain this circulation path as it gives the users a sense of familiarity.

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exploration and application Form and Function

exploration and application

Form and Function In this section I will be exploring and applying the themes that I have consolidated through the analysis of the concept of minimalism onto the function and environment of my chosen site, which is my own house. The themes are ‘the Whole is greater than the sum of its parts’, and ‘wander/ wonder’. Also, I will be starting this section of by talking briefly about the architect Tadao Ando, and at the same time showing off a few collages that I created based on some of his works. The purpose of this is to show how the play of light and shadow is able to create a spatial experience that is even more dynamic and intense.

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Church of the Light Designed by Tadao Ando, the Church of the Light consists of seemingly unassuming forms, no more than six walls and a roof. Concrete and wood is used extensively throughout the space due to the low budget. But all these aspects did not render this space any less interesting. Because of the dark nature of concrete, light that shines through any opening, especially the cruciform cutout, is viewed as even more intense, drawing viewers from the darkness into the bright light. The honest and unassuming materials used lends the entire space a sense of humility In the next 4 pages I would be showing some collages that I have created according to the visuals of this church.

exploration and application

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exploration and application

Light that shines into a dark environment renders the light even more bright, and also entices viewers to walk towards it.

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the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

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the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Out of sight/ Out of mind The most visible issue in my site would be the amount of clutter. And having 6 family members naturally means there are 6 times as many possessions. The most logical thing to do would be to conceal the mess. I will be taking my inspiration from the case study that I did on Ettore Scotsass and his grey furniture. The following pages would be about how I eventually came up with a form that works best in a domestic interior setting.

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In this experiment I am interested in the illusion of visual grounding. This is achieved by placing heavier objects or objects with darker colors on the ground while at the same time placing lighter objects above. This was done so as to give the space a more peaceful and down-toearth character, which in turn would create a more safe and protected atmosphere. Horizontal lines are also used to make the space appear wider and longer. Apart from that I also played with the idea of integrated furnitures. When not in use they can be placed back into their respective slots located at the bottom of the built-in structure, thus freeing up space on the ground and giving the space a neat and uncluttered appearance.

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1 - Kitchen 2 - Bomb Shelter 3 - Dining Area 4 - Living Area 5 - Storage System 6 - Bedroom 7 - Guest Room 8 - Toilet 110

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Wood and fabric are used to punctuate the space, providing users with a sense of warmth and intimacy. The strategically placed lighting also helps to create cozy settings with the space by placing focus on soft furnishings such as the bench and various chairs.

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the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Sectional Elevation B-B

Sectional Elevation A-A

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A muted color palette and matching furnitures help create a neutral ambience, so that the eyes focus on the depth of space and variation of light.

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the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Sectional A-A

Sectional B-B

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wander/ wonder

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wander/ wonder

As seen in the Church of the Light in the previous sections, the careful manipulation of light is able to transform spaces. Here I attempt to achieve the same result by using the structures that I have designed.

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wander/ wonder

With these tall structures obscuring the view in some areas, it injects into the space a sense of discovery and intrigue. Not everything is shown all at once, users will get glimpses of the space depending on where they are standing. The light shining through the space and being casted on the floor provides a sense of dynamism and ensures that the space is not static, gently nudging the users to explore the space. What this means for the users is that navigating through the space everyday would feel like an adventure, a process of discovery. To discover the space and also the self.

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Similarly on the other side the black doors and walls contain a hidden surprise behind. The light color scheme of the room contrasts with the dark outside, creating a sense of intrigue, tempting users to navigate through the space and discovering what it has to offer.

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On the other hand the rooms are designed in a light color palatte, with the focus put on the act of sleeping.

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The guest room at the back of the house has been removed and replaced with a semi private room instead, because that is an under-utilized room. The murphy bed can be opened or closed to maintain the overall aesthetic of the house. The rotating doors also has the same effect of manipulating light, therefore creating a feeling that is similar to the one in the living room, thereby extending the user experience throughout the length of the house.

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wander/ wonder

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conclusion

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conclusion

to be aware of space, so as to be more aware of self.

As seen in these projects, there is great importance placed on the realm of the inner self, and also about the potential of the built environment to be a catalyst for this particularly internal endeavour.

In the school library, basic geometric shapes transform a once convoluted and pragmatic library into a space that is peaceful and comfortable for both the eyes and the mind. Repeated rectilinear forms arranged in an orderly manner conceals intimate hidden spaces, bringing users on a journey of discovery of the space and of the self. It is akin to the experience of feeling lost and then found upon finding a clearing in the middle of the forest.

In a world taken over by distraction and overstimulation, we are at risk of losing our inner selfs. The reason being we just do not have the time nor the attention to do that. There is difficulty in pulling ourselves out from a world that we are so numbingly accustomed to, a world that does not value who or what we are on the inside.

For the domestic interior, strategically placed storage structures hides clutter and minimizes visual distractions, allowing users to be engaged in a more meditative state. These functional walls also play a part in the manipulation of natural light, bringing about subtle changes to the lighting and shadows of the interior, thereby injecting dynamism into a static space. All these elements form an environment that is neutral but at the same time filled with so much energy, allowing users to project their own rituals and desires onto the space, so that they are able to discover what truly matters.

In conclusion, I feel that I have achieved my goal of creating spaces that encourages users to be more aware of their surroundings and their environment, to experience the richness and intensity of the present moment and not be distracted by the outside world, as a way for them to be able to start being more aware and take stock of their emotional and psychological self.

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