J O U R N A L
A D A P TA B L E R AY N A L D O 7 3 9 5 7 2
A L I
ex-lab: digital furniture fabrication semester 1 - 2016 sup ervised b y Jas Jo hnsto n + Adam Mark o witz assisted b y msd Fab Lab + Wo rk sho p
J O U R N AL
CONTENTS Exploration
Furniture Development
Final Proposa l
FOLDING W E E K
1
TWIST W E E K
2
HINGE W E E K
3
JOINT W E E K
4
PIVOTING F U R N I T U R E
P R O P O S AL
1
NESTING BY LIFTING F U R N I T U R E
P R O P O S AL
2
NESTING BY SLIDING F I N AL
F U R N I T U R E
P R O P O S AL
THE TESTING N E S T I N G
B Y
S L I D I N G
P R O P O S AL
THE MAKING N E S T I N G
B Y
S L I D I N G
P R O P O S AL
WEEK 2 T W I S T
RE SEAR C H TWIST I NG T HE CONC RE TE
2
CENTRO ROBERTO GARZA SADA de ARTE ARQUITECTURE Y DISENO
TAD AO AN D O O n e of th e m asters in co nc r e te b o th a r c hi te c tur a l l y a n d stru c turally, Tadao And o , ha s p a te nte d hi s fi r s t p u blic bu ilding design in L a ti n Ame r i c a thr o ug h thi s s c h ool of art at University o f Mo nte r r e y i n Me x i c o .
1 3
O n e th in g b e came t he autho r ’ s fo c us i n thi s p r o j e c t i s th e c rea t ive m assive v o i d und e r ne a th the b ui l d i ng m a ss. S ticking to his “ritu a l ” ma te r i a l , And o e s ta bl i s h ed an uncom mon des i g n o f v o i d und e r ne a th the b u ild in g to allow m ore p er me a b i l i ty i n g r o und l e v e l . H i s “twist” in t he void is a c hi e v e d thr o ug h i ts s ha p e . I n fac t, what makes it m o r e i nte r e s ti ng i s the i nte r g r at i on betwee n the form and the ma te r i a l . H e a c hi e v e d t h e “twist” form b y using c o nc r e te , r e f e r r i ng to i ma g e 4.
1. T h e co n s tr u ctio n d e ta ils . Im a ge b y d e z e e n .co m
H o wever , if we inve st igat e the v o i d i n d e ta i l s , he b r oke down the “tw isting f o r m” , whi c h s ui ts c o nc r e te p r operties, int o layers of c o nc r e te . T hr o ug h thi s l a y e ri ng tec h n ique, an elegant l o o k o f c o nc r e te twi s t i s no t i m possible, ye t re sult ing i n s o p hi s ti c a te d o utc o me .
2 . Ta ctile e xp e r ie n ce fo r m a b o v e . Im a ge b y d e z e e n .co m 3 . Vis u a l e xp e r ie n ce fr o m u n d e r n e a th . Im a ge b y d e z e e n .co m
T h ese “c oncre te layers” a r e b o th e x p e r i e nc e a b l e f r o m un d ern eath and ab ove, v i s ua l l y a nd ta c ti l e l y .
4. “Tw is tin g th e co n cr e te ” v o id . Im a g e b y d e z e e n .co m
4
RE SEAR C H TWIST I NG T HE T W I ST
1
2
3
TYPICAL TWIST DEFINITION
W HAT AR E T H E ME T H O DS?
1. C onsole Mob ius b y Pierre Rena rt. Im a ge b y p ierre-rena rt. com
T h r ou gh a re search of m e r e c o nc r e te a nd wo o d mat e r ials on tw ist, aut hor found the i d e a o f twi s ti ng i s common ly lim it e d to the e x te nt o f a c e r ta i n k i nd o f “ formwork”.
2. Peeling the C oncrete. Im a ge b y a rchda ily.com 3.. T he tw ist of concrete. Im a ge b y eluna m i.info
T h ere is this notion of fix e d s ha p e a nd d i c ta te f o r m, w hic h au thor se e s it as a l i mi ta ti o n o f the twi s t. T h erefor e, author se e k s to d o a fur the r r e s e a r c h a nd i nvestigation to what e xte nd “ twi s t” c a n b e d e f i ne d a s a “ twist”, both conce p tua l l y a nd p r a c ti c a l i ty .
4. T he tw ist form w ork f or p la s ter ca sting. Im a ge b y a uthor 5. T he Pla ster Tw ist. Im a ge b y a uthor
H o w to d rift away from t he twi s t tha t i s a s s o c i a te d w i th a fixed form?
6. C om b ina tion b etw een f orm w ork a nd p la ster. Im a ge b y a uthor
4
5
6
RE SEAR C H TWIST I NG T HE T W I ST
1
3
2
4
AUTHOR’S DEFINITION OF TWIST
LAYERS O F S PACE
PERSPECTIVE and FUNCTIONS
Seekin g to b e m ore flexi b l e , no t l i mi te d , i t s p a r k s a ut h o r’ s th inking on how Ja p a ne s e a r c hi te c tur e i s d o ne . T h e idea of lightne ss and f l e x i b l e i s a p p a r e nt thr o ug h t h eir ar c h itect ure. There f o r e , a utho r d e c i d e d to fur the r i nvestigate t he crux or es s e nc e o f i t. J apan ese archit e ct ure so ug ht to uti l i s e l a y e r s o f s ho j i ( s lidin g pa p e r door), t o cr e a te d i ffe r e nt o f s p a c e s . T h e different sp ace s also me a n d i f fe r e nt func ti o ns . T h is c r eation of differe nt func ti o ns a r e a c hi e v ea ble th r ough t he use of the f l e x i b l e s ho j i , i t a l l o ws o ne spac e t o m e rge w it h the o the r s p a c e s a nd s ha l l e s tablish a ne w funct ion / f unc ti o ns twi s t. I n o r d e r to un d erstand the differe nt p o s s i b i l i ti e s o f the s e funct i on s, on e shall t wist the i r p e r s p e c ti v e i nto “ G o d ’ s p er spec tiv e ”, t o ove rlook i t a s a who l e p i e c e . Auth or d efine s tw ist as a n i d e a o f b e i ng a b l e to s e e b ey on d the form , one ha s to und e r s ta nd the c o r e con c ept of it. It is the m a tte r o f ( 1) twi s ti ng o ur p e r s pec tive, the n (2) t he laye r s , s o tha t the p o te nti a l o f d i ff er en t functions can be a c hi e v e d .
1. L a ye r s o f Sp a ce s . Im a ge b y jca s tle .in fo 2 . T h e Sh o ji. Im a ge b y jca s tle .in fo 3 . M im a H o u s in g , h o u s e o f la ye r s . Im a ge b y m im a h o u s in g .co m 4. F le xib ility in ch a n g in g th e la ye r s . Im a ge b y m im a h o u s in g .co m
5
6
5 -6 . T h e a b ility o f la ye r s to a ch ie v e d iffe r e n t fu n ctio n s . Im a ge b y m im a h o u s in g .co m
EXP E R I M E NT TWIST I NG T HE PE RSP EC TI VE
VISION 1 VI S I O N 2
PE
Vision 1 = Ty p ic a l one ’ s pe r s pe ct i v e i n a s pa ce Limited vision. There is no opportunity to further twist the layers.
RS
PE
CT
IV
E
1
PE
RS
P
T EC
IV
E
2
Vision 2 = Twisted Per sp ective Alo w in g to o v e r lo o k th e p ie c e as a w h o le , e n ab lin g o n e to c o n tr o l th e lay e r s an d f u r th e r tw is t it.
EXP E R I M E NT TWIST I NG T HE PE RSP EC TI VE L AS ER
CUT
LAY ERS
EXP E R I M E NT TWIST I NG T HE F U NC TI ONS TEST 1 // SQUARE JOINT
ONE LAYER (MODULE ) OF T H E SQUAR E SH AP ED J O I NT
T H E LAY ERS W ITH C ENTRAL S QUARE P IVOT JO I N T
T W IST IN G “T H E F U N CT IO N S”
EXP ER I M E NT TW IST I NG T HE F U NC TI ONS TES T 2 // CIRCULA R JOI N T
ONE LAYER (MODULE ) OF T H E C I R C L E SH AP ED JO I NT
T H E LAY ERS W ITH C ENTRAL C IRC LE P IVOT JO I N T
T W IST IN G “T H E F U N CT IO N S”
WEEK 3 H I N G E
3D-printed + Laser Cut
T W IS T D E VE LO PM E N T TH E C HA NG EA BLE MEC HA NI SM
TEST 1 THE SQUARE JOINT fo r squ ar e-jo in t design ed lay e rs
T he j o i nt i s r e l a ti v e l y s i m pl e a n d s t ra i g h t - fo rw a rd. T h e a utho r , ho we v e r , a tte m pt e d t o n o t m e re l y re l y o n t h e fri c t i o n p r o p e r ti e s o f the j o i n t , bu t t o h a v e t w o c o m po n e n t s t h a t i s a b l e to i nte r l o c k e a ch o t h e r ( m a l e - fe m a l e ) .
T W IS T D E VE LO PM E N T TH E C HA NG EA BLE MEC HA NI SM
TEST 2 THE CIRCLE JOINT - v0 fo r cir cle-jo in t design ed laye rs
Ov e r a l l , the r e i s no s e n s e o f c o n t ro l fo r t h e c u rre n t de s i g n . T h e l a y e r s wi l l b e a b l e to m o v e a rbi t a ri l y , a l t h o u g h w h e n t h i s j o i n t me c ha ni s m i s i ns ta l l e d. H o w e v e r, t h e l a y e rs m i g h t be a bl e t o ho l d the ms e l f p ur e l y du e t o t h e pro pe rt i e s o f f ri c t i o n be t w e e n the j o i nt a nd the l a ye rs .
T W IS T D E VE LO PM E N T TH E C HA NG EA BLE ME C HANI SM
TEST 3 THE CIRCLE JOINT - v1 fo r cir cle-jo in t design ed laye rs
As a r e s ul t fr o m the pre v i o u s i t e ra t i o n , t h e l a t e s t de s i g n s e e k s to a c hi e v e a c o ntr o l l a bl e i n di v i du a l l a y e r. T h e n e w j o i n t m e c h ani s m c o ns i s ts o f two pa rt s , a s s t a t e d i n t h e be g i n n i n g . P a rt 1 ha s a f unc ti o n to ho l d a l l t h e l a y e rs t o g e t h e r, t h e n pa rt 2 a l l o w the j o i nt to l o c k the de s i re d pa t t e rn o f t h e l a y e rs .
T W IS T D E VE LO PM E N T TH E C HA NG EA BLE MEC HA NI SM
THE PO SS I BI L I TY THE CIRCLE JOINT - v1 f or c irc le -join t de s ign e d lay e rs
Pos it ive -Joint (Mal e )
P o s i t i v e - J o i nt (Ma le)
N e g a t i v e -J o i n t ( F e m a l e )
Neg a t ive-J o in t (F ema le)
POSSIBILITY 1
P O SS I B I L I TY 2
P ost -p roduc ti o n o f the v 1 c i r c l e -j o i nt, i t o pe n s u p m o re po ssib ilitie s fo r e a c h l a y e r to b e p l a c e d d i ff e re n t l y . T h e m a l e j o i n t is de signed to ho l d the who l e l a y e r s i n pl a c e . W h i l e t h e f e m a l e joint is not i ns e r te d , e a c h l a y e r c a n b e ro t a t e d a c c o rdi n g l y . Fina l l y , the f e ma l e j o i n s ha l l l o c k a l l t h e l a y e rs .
G iven a n ex t reme po ssibilit y, ea ch la yer ca n be pla ced diffe r en t ly t o every o t h er la yer. E a ch la yer is loca t ed on e h o le di s t an ce a pa rt fro m ea ch o t h er. T h e mech a nism works t h e sa me w h ere t h e ma le join t h o lds t h e la yers in pla ce a n d t h e fema le jo in t will in t erlo ck t h e la yers a lt o g et h er.
T W IS T D E VE LO PM E N T TH E C HA NG EA BLE MEC HA NI SM 3D-printed + Laser Cut
WEEK 4 J O I N T
CNC-ed Piece C o n s u l t e d by Ra v i + Jo h n + S i a v a s h
T W IS TI NG t h e RO TAT IO N AL AXIS X/Y to Z A X I S M O D I F I C AT I O N
X / Y AXIS
Z AXI S
Appl i c at i o n t o t he pr e v i o us m o d ul e s
M O D U L E I T E R AT I O N S
1
2
3
4
Z axis MECHANISM
5
6
M e c hani s m H y po t he s i s
FURNITURE PROPOSAL1 PIVOTING I n c onjuc tion with the re s e arc h ag e nd a, author s tarted to design a furniture bas e d on the id e a of s wis s army kniv e s. This idea is inte grate d with the d e s ign of a kitc he n be nc h f or a small living apartme nt s c e nario.
2000
2400
2000
P LAN VI E W
EL EVAT IO N VIEW
1: 25
1 : 25
THE S C ENARI O KITCHEN BENCH f or a s m all liv in g ap artm e n t
E s t a bl i s h i n g a “ c h a n ga bl e ” fu rn i t u re re q u i re s a bo l d fo u n da t i o n t o w hy one w ould m a k e t he e f f ort t o c ha ng e t he f urni t ure ? . T hr o u gh t h o ro u g h re s e a rc h e s , a pi e c e o f c h a n g e a bl e f u rn i t u re i s fa vou red in a limit ed s pa c e , bo t h v o l u m e a n d a re a w i s e . T he a i m i s t o a l l o w o n e m a xi m i s e t h e f u rn i t u re ’ s fu n c t i o n a n d w h ile n o t bein g u sed, t h e f u rn i t u re s h a l l be m o di fi e d t o c re a t e m o re f re e spa ce.
KITCHEN BENCH v e rs ion _ 1 - ov e rall axon om e tric
pivoting joint_1
static table
pivoting joint_1
pivoting joint_2
pivoting table_1
pivoting joint_2
pivoting table_2
KITCHEN BENCH v e rs ion _ 1 - me c h an is m
maximum use
minimum use
3 tables are used static table pivot table_1 pivot table_2
2 tables are used static table pivot table_1
1 table is used static table
KITCHEN BENCH v e rs ion _ 1 - drawin gs
1600 1075 500
495
430
545 970
E .2
900 925
900
875
925
900
150
400
300
875
1570
600
250
E.1
P LAN VIEW
E LE VATI O N 1
EL EVAT IO N 2
1: 3 5
1 :35
1:35
KITCHEN BENCH v e rs ion _ 1 - join t ide a
static table leg
static table
static table leg
pivoting table_1
pivoting table_1 leg
pivoting table_2
pivoting table_2 leg
KITCHEN BENCH v e rs ion _ 2 - e xp lode d axon ome tric
static table
pivoting joint_1
pivoting table_1
pivoting joint_2
pivoting table_2
pivoting joint_3
pivoting table_3
KITCHEN BENCH v e rs ion _ 2 - ov e rall de s ign
KITCHEN BENCH v e rs ion _ 3 - ov e rall de s ign
KITCHEN BENCH v e rs ion _ 3 - drawin gs
500
1000
1500
875
750
1375 1250 1125
950 800 650 500
625
500
500
KITCHEN BENCH v e rs ion _ 4 - ov e rall de s ign
KITCHEN BENCH v e rs ion _ 4 - drawin gs
400
300
350
400
400
750
300
350
300
600
600
400
FURNITURE PROPOSAL2 NESTING by LIFTING Af te r the rotational axis motion, author d e c id e d to fur ther exp lor e othe r pos s ibilitie s of motion to ac hie v e a be tte r m echanism. This time author atte mpte d to c re ate an ad aptable coffee tab le with ne s te d s tools - L I F TI NG motion
R E M O VA B L E C O M P O N E N T INITIAL TESTING
C O M PA C T C O N F I G U R AT I O N
D I S A SS E M B L E D C O N F I G U R AT I O N
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS v e rs ion _ 1 - ov e rall de s ign
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS v e rs ion _ 1 - drawin gs
900 450
900
450 175
625
450 200
200
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS v e rs ion _ 1 - with ou t tab le
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS v e rs ion _ 1 - du p lic ate d modu le s
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS v e rs ion _ 2 - drawin gs
900 450 350
400 175
450
625
200
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS v e rs ion _ 2 + v e rs ion _ 3 - c omp aris on
W I T H O U T S T O R A G E S PA C E
stools are removeable
W I T H S T O R A G E S PA C E
stools are removeable
support and table are fixed support and table are fixed
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS v e rs ion _ 3 - drawin gs
900 450 350
400 175
450
625
200
AUTHOR CREATED 1 TO 1 PROTOTYPE TO TEST THE LIFTING MECHANISM USING CARDBOARD, HOWEVER, THE PROTOTYPE GOT DISCARDED BEFORE DOCUMENTED.
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS v e rs ion _ 3 - with tab le + s torage s p ac e
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS v e rs ion _ 4 - ov e rall de s ign
stools are removeable
TESTING DIFFERENT SHAPE o ver all design support and table are fixed
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS v e rs ion _ 4 - drawin gs
900 450 350 200
400 175
450
625
0 30
FINAL FURNITURE PROPOSAL NESTING by SLIDING The pre v ious id e a of ne s ting by lifting is que s tione d r egar ding its lifting me c hanis m. I t s e e ms the lif ting motion is not the b est r esolution of un-ne s ting the s tools . The re fore , for the f inal p r op osal, author introd uc e d a S L I D I NG me c hanis m.
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS ite ration s
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS de v e lop m e n t
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS S tool’s Ae s th e tic D e v e lop me n t
T h e id e a is to cre a te a con tra s t b e tw e e n th e e xte rn a l fa ce s a n d i nt e r nal fa ce s . Wh e n u n -u s e d , th e s tool w ill b e n e s te d on to th e ta b le , thus t he in te n tion is to h a v e a s e a m le s s a e s th e tic of n a tu ra l b irch a lon g w i t h t he ta b le . T h e n , on e will d is cov e r a con tra s t colour ( re : im p re s s ion ) w he n th e y d e -n e s t th e s tool from th e ta b le . C on s u lte d b y Adam Markowitz + J as J oh n s ton
iter atio n 1 RED
ite ration 2 BIRCH
iter atio n 5 G REEN
ite ration 6 G R AY
iteration 3 Y E L LO W
iteration 4 W H I TE
ch o s e n co l o u r B L AC K
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS f in al m ate riality p ale tte T h e ov e rall mate riality p ale tte is c on s u lte d b y Adam Markowitz + J as J oh n s ton
F.1 18mm birc h plywood - MaxiPly finished with double c oat of O smo Po ly x O il R aw - Co lo r e x c onsulted with Mark from Colorex + Adam M ar k o w itz
F.2 18mm birc h plywood - MaxiPly finished with British Paint semi-gloss e n am e l b lac k p ain t - B u n n in gs c onsulted with Bunnings’ Paint Shop Sale s + Adam M ar k o w itz
F.3 Tasmanian O ak Dowel - Bunnings finished with double c oat of O smo Po ly x O il R aw - Co lo r e x c onsulted with Mark from Colorex + Adam M ar k o w itz
F.4 Jarrah Wedge - Sc rap from MSD’s Wo r k s h o p finished with double c oat of O smo Po ly x O il R aw - Co lo r e x c onsulted with Mark from Colorex + Adam M ar k o w itz
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS e xp lode d axon om e tric
table top F.1
the nest F.1
table legs F.1
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS th e c on f igu ration
N ested Mode
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS th e c on f igu ration
E xpanded Mode
COFFEE TABLE + STOOLS s tool e xp lode d axon om e tric
stool top F.1
mitre corner joint
inside faces F.2
dowel F.3
wedge joint F.4
THE TESTING NESTING by SLIDING
Prior to making the final pie c e , it is c ruc ial to te s t the featur ed/ mos t promine nt d e tails : s lid ing me c hanis m, mite r joint, and dowel we d g e joint.
Test ing t he SLIDING ME CHANISM Before making the final pieces, there are several testings required in order to prove the design will eventually work. The first test is the sliding mechanism. Author created 1 to 1 stool’s prototype using available 18mm scrap plywood with screw fixings. Consulted by Ross Berryman
FL
Sawstop Tab le Saw
Milwa u ke e Co rd le s s Tool
D rill Bit
C ou n te rs in k D riv e r Bit
S q uar e Driver Bit
ING O AT
F l at he ad S q uar e Screw
S - NE
TED
Te s t i ng t he M I T R E J O I N T Another crucial details in my furniture piece is its joints. All of the stool’s planes will be joined using miter technique, with domino pieces. Prior making the final, it is important to investigate the machine’s capability to create a perfect 45 degree angle cut. Consulted by Jas Johnston + Adam Markowitz + Ross Berryman
S a w s top Ta b le S a w
Ma ggi Ta b le S a w
F e s tool D omin o D rill
D o m i no B i s c ui t s
Te s t i ng t he D ow e l W e d g e J oi nt One of the most featured details in my furniture piece is the dowel joint. With only woodwork, the dowel will be fixed to the plywood. Consulted by Adam Markowitz + Jas Johnston
Lathed + Band Sawed Dowel // Drilled Plywood
Sa ws to p Ta bl e Saw
Mag g i Tab le Saw
Wood La th e
Tria n gle /P yra m id La th e C h is e l
D rill B e nc h P r e s s
B and S aw
D o v e t ai l S aw
Lathe-ing Process Consulted by Adam Markowitz
THE MAKING NESTING by SLIDING
“S tep by S tep” in making the final pie c e. Reflectio n: Po st-mak ing the final p iece, it is arguab le that the sto o ls mitre cut, h o le o n s to o l’ s to p as well as the fillet co rner can b e do ne in CN C. H o wever, I intentio n a lly b a la n ce d my p ro cess b etween CN C, the tab le, and manual wo o dwo rk , th e s to o ls . I have learnt b o th digital and manual realm fro m this ap p ro ach. I u n d e r s ta n d h o w the CN C wo rk s and mo re imp o rtantly ho w it is do ne manually. T he r e fo r e , I fu lly understand the mak ing p ro cess o f o ne furniture. I have learnt a lo t fr o m th e m a n u a l wo o d-mak ing p ro cess and grateful I decided to tak e this ap p ro ach, w h ich w ill b e v e r y useful fo r my future endeavo ur.
The Making Process The Table 1
Preparing the CNC file
2
3
Chisel the round corners
Sand the surfaces for finish ready
4
5
6
Assemble the legs and nest
Apply finish to the legs, nest, and table top
Assemble the table top and sand to finish
Osmo Polyx Oil Raw
400 grit - 800 grit
The Stool
1
Cut the plywood into the designed measurement
2
Cut mitre 45° angle
12
11
Apply glue on the edges and dominos joint
Join 2 stool’s top with the lathed dowel
24mm domino biscuits
13
Mallet the wedge into the dowel’s notch wedges are cut using band-saw
3
Mark every miter joint edges
10
4
5
6
Drill the dominos hole
Fillet the corner detail on stool’s top
Drill holes on the stool’s top for the dowel joint
with festool domino 500
with plunge router
9
8
7
Prepare the dowel
Paint the internal faces
Masking every planes’ edges for paint-ready
Sand the internal faces of stool for paint-ready
lathe process
British Paint black semi-gloss enamel paint
240 grit
14
15
16
17
18
Clamp the stool
Cut the excessive dowel + wedge
Sand the outer faces of the stool for finish ready
Apply the finish product
Sand the surfaces to finish
with dovetail saw
240 grit
Osmo Polyx Oil Raw
400 grit - 800 grit
t he fina le
t he Nest
d e-nest t he St ool
t he Applica t ion
remova ble Ta ble Top
Sha d ow Line La ng ua g e Det a ils
Sha d ow Ga p
E d g e Mit re J oint
T he Nest Det a il
t he Nest w it h it s St ools
Ta ble Top Cross Det a ils
Dow el J oint Det a ils (E x t erna l a nd Int erna l)
Dow el J oint Det a ils (Int erna l)
Perfect Mit re Corner J oint
Dow el W ed g e J oint (Birch - Ta sma nia n O a k - J a rra h)