Materials to Prevent Avian Electrocution and Collision
James F. Dwyer and Rick E. Harness EDM International, Inc., Fort Collins, CO
reliability & innovation
Outline A. Electrocution 1. Isolation 2. Insulation 1. 2. 3.
Covers Substations Errors
3. Redirection
B. Collision
Outline A. Electrocution 1. Isolation 2. Insulation 1. 2. 3.
Covers Substations Errors
3. Redirection
B. Collision
Electrocution A. Isolation 1. 102 cm x 152 cm North America – wood poles Other locations – steel pylons
28 – 69 cm
46 – 71 cm
Isolation
102 – 124 cm
86 – 152 cm
183 – 229 cm
Isolation
Outline A. Electrocution 1. Isolation 2. Insulation 1. 2. 3.
Covers Substations Errors
3. Redirection
B. Collision
Electrocution A. Insulation 1. Conductor covers 2. Deadend covers 3. Other covers: Jumper covers, Arrester covers, Cutout covers, Bushing covers 4. Substations 5. Errors
Conductor Covers
Conductor Covers Manufacturer TE Connectivity TE Connectivity Kaddas Preformed Hendrix Hendrix Hubbell Preformed
Model BCIC-G-556 BGIC-G-556 KE1164 RPC-810 HRS-42U HRS-67 RG102FK RPC-800
Rank 1 2 3 4 4 6 6 6
Conductor Covers Manufacturer TE Connectivity TE Connectivity Kaddas Preformed Hendrix Hendrix Hubbell Preformed
Model BCIC-G-556 BGIC-G-556 KE1164 RPC-810 HRS-42U HRS-67 RG102FK RPC-800
Rank 1 2 3 4 4 6 6 6
Conductor Covers A. TE Connectivity 1.
Average installation time: 1. 2.
2.
Gloves: 42 sec Hotstick: 130 sec
Coverage 1.
3.
Excellent
Jumper clamp 1.
4.
Allowed
Line Angle 1.
Allowed
Conductor Covers Manufacturer TE Connectivity TE Connectivity Kaddas Preformed Hendrix Hendrix Hubbell Preformed
Model BCIC-G-556 BGIC-G-556 KE1164 RPC-810 HRS-42U HRS-67 RG102FK RPC-800
Rank 1 2 3 4 4 6 6 6
Conductor Covers A. Hendrix 1.
Average installation time: 1. 2.
2.
Gloves: 23 sec Hotstick: Fail
Coverage 1.
3.
Good
Jumper clamp 1.
4.
Allowed
Line Angle 1.
Not allowed
Conductor Covers A. Durability and retention
Conductor Covers A. Durability and retention.
Deadend Covers
Deadend Covers Manufacturer Kaddas Eco Electrical TE Connectivity Preformed Kaddas Kaddas
Model KE1113 EDE-1-24 BCIC-G-DE/CL RPC-850 KE1182 KE1178
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 5
Deadend Covers Manufacturer Kaddas Eco Electrical TE Connectivity Preformed Kaddas Kaddas
Model KE1113 EDE-1-24 BCIC-G-DE/CL RPC-850 KE1182 KE1178
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 5
Deadend Covers A. Kaddas 1.
Average installation time: 1. 2.
2.
Gloves: 9 sec Hotstick: 18 sec
Coverage 1.
3.
Excellent
Jumper clamp 1.
4.
Allowed
Jumper up 1.
Allowed
Deadend Covers Manufacturer Kaddas Eco Electrical TE Connectivity Preformed Kaddas Kaddas
Model KE1113 EDE-1-24 BCIC-G-DE/CL RPC-850 KE1182 KE1178
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 5
Deadend Covers A. Preformed 1.
Average installation time: 1. 2.
2.
Gloves: 36 sec Hotstick: 160 sec
Coverage 1.
3.
Excellent
Jumper clamp 1.
4.
Allowed
Jumper up 1.
Allowed – if hand trimmed
Insulation A. Jumper covers, Arrester covers, Cutout covers, Bushing covers A. Ease of application B. Durability C. Effectiveness
Insulation A. Jumper covers, Arrester covers, Cutout covers, Bushing covers A. Ease of application B. Durability C. Effectiveness
Insulation A. Jumper covers, Arrester covers, Cutout covers, Bushing covers A. Ease of application B. Durability C. Effectiveness
Insulation A. Jumper covers, Arrester covers, Cutout covers, Bushing covers A. Ease of application B. Durability C. Effectiveness
Outline A. Electrocution 1. Isolation 2. Insulation 1. 2. 3.
Covers Substations Errors
3. Redirection
B. Collision
Substations
reliability & innovation
Illustrations ď ś Remove passerine nests
Illustrations ď ś Remove passerine nests
Illustrations High side – replace and reinstall disks High side – reinstall slipping disks High side – cap bus bars
Illustrations ď ś Replace temporary cover
Illustrations Station Transformer: Close gaps Install arrester covers Install jumper covers
Illustrations Regulators Install horizontal bypass arrester covers Ensure full coverage Trim jumpers Install covers
Illustrations Install covered jumpers Install jumper covers on PT/CTs Install bushing covers on PT/CTs Cover buses
Illustrations ď ś Install disks ď ś Avoid disk-to-disk contact
Outline A. Electrocution 1. Isolation 2. Insulation 1. 2. 3.
Covers Substations Errors
3. Redirection
B. Collision
Retrofitting Errors A. We evaluated errors on 52 “retrofitted� poles that electrocuted 56 raptors. B. We identified three broad categories of errors. A. Product design errors B. Mitigation plan errors C. Application errors
Retrofitting Errors ERROR
TYPE
APPLICATION TOTAL
TOTAL
PRODUCT
MITIGATION
DESIGN
PLAN
Bald Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
0
1
0
1
1
Black-billed Magpie, Pica hudsonia
0
2
0
2
2
Unidentified Buteo, Buteo species
0
1
1a
2
3
Chihuahuan Raven, Corvus cryptoleucus
0
1
0
1
1
Common Raven, Corvus corax
0
4
2b
6
7
Great-horned Owl, Buteo viginianus
2
8
3
13
13
Golden Eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
6
6
5
17
17
Harris's Hawk, Parabuteo unicinctus
0
2
1c
3
4
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
0
1
0
1
1
Red-tailed Hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
1
4
1d
6
7
Total poles
9
30
13
52
--
Total electrocutions
9
30
17
--
56
SPECIES
POLES
ELECTROCUTIONS
Retrofitting Errors ERROR
TYPE
PRODUCT
MITIGATION
TOTAL
TOTAL
DESIGN
PLAN
POLES
ELECTROCUTIONS
Cutout horns not fully covered
3
0
0
3
3
Equipment cover dislodged
6
0
0
6
6
Equipment covers missing
0
14
0
14
14
Equipment covers and jumper covers missing
0
9
0
9
9
Equipment covered but jumper covers missing
0
2
0
2
2
Exposed grounding near primary conductor
0
3
0
3
3
Covered jumpers not inserted into equipment covers
0
0
9a
9
11
Gap in jumper coverage; Some not covered
0
0
4b
4
6
Insufficient vertical separation
0
2
0
2
2
Total poles
9
30
13
52
--
Total electrocutions
9
30
17
--
56
ERROR
DETAIL
APPLICATION
Retrofitting Errors Product design errors: A. Covers installed on cutouts but energized tops exposed B. Arrester cap dislodged and locking horns exposed C. Arrester and jumpers covered, but bushing cover dislodged Mitigation plan errors: A. Jumpers covered, but conductor cover (upper arrow) and deadend cover (lower arrow) absent. B. Foot of a Chihuahuan Raven (Corvus cryptoleucus) on an arrester ground resulting from routing the uninsulated ground wire below the exposed primary conductor C. Deadend cover absent, but all other energized equipment covered
Retrofitting Errors Mitigation plan errors A. Jumpers covered, but arrester covers and cutout covers absent B. Jumpers covered, but bushing covers absent C. Jumpers covered between bushings (circles) but exposed above (arrows) D. Insufficient separation between open switch above and grounded arrester connection below Application Errors E. Jumper and arrester covered, but a gap in jumper coverage exists between retrofitting products F. All equipment covered, but gaps in coverage where jumpers connect
Retrofitting Errors Correct retrofitting A. Cutout covers fully covering all energized parts on the upper portion of cutouts B. Cutout cover fully covering all energized parts Perch deterrents C. Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) electrocuted on a pole fitted with early model perch discouragers D. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) perched next to a plastic owl
Electrocution A. Redirection 1. Perch deterrents 2. Supplemental perches 3. Nesting platforms
Outline A. Electrocution 1. Isolation 2. Insulation 1. 2. 3.
Covers Substations Errors
3. Redirection
B. Collision
Collision A. Collision 1. 2.
Avian vision Reflectance of line markers
Questions A. James Dwyer A.
(jdwyer@edmlink.com)
B. Rick Harness A.
C. D. E. F.
(rharness@edmlink.com)
1+(970) 204-4001 https://www.edmlink.com/ EDM International, Inc Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A.
reliability & innovation