Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis): migration & wintering OR how absurd can humans be? Reuven Yosef (Joseph) Prof. of Ornithology & Wildlife Sciences Eilat, Israel
“… most common eagle species of its size in the world, and is therefore not considered to be threatened.” Del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (1994) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
…..locally not uncommon, even common, but rare and declining in most of range. ……in European Russia where an estimated 20,000 pairs, it is very rare elsewhere. Ferguson-Lees, J., and D. A. Christie. 2001.Raptors of the world. Christopher Helm, London.
.Pp. 733-736
Spring 1984 Eilat, Israel
From: From: Igor Igor Karyakin Karyakin [mailto:ikar_research@mail.ru] [mailto:ikar_research@mail.ru] Sent: Sent:Wednesday, Wednesday,September September16, 16,2009 20094:54 4:54PM PM To: To:'Prof. 'Prof.Reuven ReuvenYosef' Yosef' Subject: Subject:RE: RE:Info Infoon onSteppe SteppeEagles Eagles
Dear Dear Reuven, Reuven, Now Now II with with my my colleagues colleagues prepare prepare the the review review on on the the Steppe Steppe eagle eagle in in Russia Russia which which will will be be possible possible published published in in the the magazine magazine "Raptors "Raptors Conservation" Conservation" at at the the end end of of 2009. 2009. Today Today the the Steppe Steppe Eagle Eagle isis the the most most threatened threatened species species of of genera genera Aquila Aquila in in Russia Russia and and its its number number isis estimated estimated in in 2300-3400 2300-3400 pairs. pairs. Of Of these these near near 1200-1600 1200-1600 pairs pairs breed breed in in Siberia. Siberia. Unfortunately Unfortunately the the modern modern information information almost almost isis not not available. available. IfIf you you have have any any questions questions you you are are welcome. welcome. Best Best wishes, wishes, Igor Igor
Igor Karyakin has made the following contribution (February 2010): According my surveys during last 10 years, Greater Spotted Eagle in Russia is rather successful and the decreasing of its number seems to be unlikely. The Imperial Eagle and especially the Steppe Eagle are in the more threatened situation. The Steppe Eagle has catastrophically decreased in number for last 10 years, more than in 10 times in some territories, and has become extinct in 3 regions
AAtotal totalof of2304 2304––3403 3403pairs pairsare areestimated estimatedto tobreed breedin inRussia Russiain in2009 2009 (data (dataof ofcounts countsin in2002-2009). 2002-2009). European Europeanpart partof ofRussia Russia1071-1745 1071-1745 Rostov Republik Rostovregion region10-30 10-30 Republikof ofKalmykia Kalmykia400-600 400-600 Astrakhan Volgograd Astrakhanregion region50-100 50-100 Volgogradregion region300-500 300-500 Saratov Samara Saratovregion region100-200 100-200 Samararegion region11-15 11-15 Orenburg Republik Orenburgregion region200-300 200-300 Republikof ofBashkortostan Bashkortostanextinct extinct Chelyabinsk Chelyabinskregion regionextinct extinct Asian Asianpart partof ofRussia Russia1233-1658 1233-1658 Altai AltaiKray Kray270-280 270-280 Republic Republicof ofKhakassia Khakassia100-150 100-150 Irkutsk Irkutskregion region5-10 5-10 Chita Chitaregion region100-150 100-150
Republic Republicof ofAltai Altai400-600 400-600 Republic Republicof ofTyva Tyva300-400 300-400 Republic Republicof ofBurjatia Burjatia58-68 58-68
(2009) 2013 IUCN Red List Category (evaluated by BirdLife International - the official Red List Authority for birds for IUCN): Least ConcernIUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <
.www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 12 September 2013
Extinct in Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria Population & trend No. of mature individuals
Estimate 10,000
Data quality Derivation poor estimated
Year of estimate 2009
Justification: This species has extremely large range, hence does not approach thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population is decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion. For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
Movements: entirely migratory on broad front October – N & S • Caspian Sea, cross into Africa @ either end of .Red Sea .Nepal mid-October
Wintering in E & S Africa with fewer in ME; occasionally in SE Europe .& SW Russia
Also in S Asia: Afghanistan, December – May (peak • India, Myanmar, Malaysia ( late January and Vietnam .Ferguson-Lees, J., and D. A. Christie. 2001.Raptors of the world. Christopher Helm, London. Pp. 733-736
?? Porter Porter& &Beaman Beaman1985 1985 Welch Welch& &Welh Welh1991 1991 Frumkin Frumkinetetal. al.1995 1995 Yosef Yosefetetalal1995…….2013 1995…….2013 Leshem Leshemetetal. al.2005… 2005… Meyburg Meyburg2003….2012 2003….2012 Porter Porter2005 2005 Hilgerloh Hilgerloh2009a, 2009a,bb
Ellis Ellisetetal. al.2001 2001 den denBesten Besten2004 2004
Porter , R. F. 2005. Soaring bird migration in the Middle East and North East Africa: the bottleneck sites. BirdLife International, Gebel UK. El Zeit, Egypt Lies on the west side of the Gulf of Suez opposite Ras Mohammad and the soaring bird migration path is integrally linked. Coordinates: 27.40 N, 33.25 E Description An isolated 450 m high mountain that overlooks the southern end of the Gulf of Suez.
EILAT
Feb 2
1st Steppe Eagle observed at Eilat
Dec 20
Spatial[ pattern of precipitation drives convergence of avian migration routes Peter Fehérvári1, Peter Palatitz2, Szabolcs Solt2, Reuven Yosef3 Szent István University, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, István st. 2., 1078 Budapest, Hungary 2 MME/BirdLife Hungary, Red-footed Falcon Conservation Working Group. H-1121, Költő st. 21, Budapest, Hungary 3 Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Dept. Life Sciences, Eilat 88000, Israel
1
Kfar Kassem, Israel September 1982
Figure 1. Spatial pattern of precipitation, the extent of the tropical rainforest biome and mean routes of migrating Red-Footed Falcons in Central Africa. •The red dashed line depicts the extent of tropical rainforests. •White solid line with squares shows mean routes of hobbies (n=6) •black dashed line with circles show mean routes of red-footed falcons (n=5) •black dashed and dotted line with triangles depicts approximate mean routes of eleonora’s falcons entering the rainforests (n=13) •black dashed and dotted line with triangles visualizes the routes of eleonora’s falcons cirumnvaigating the rainforests (n=8). Percipitation distribution as viewed from North to South.
Fluctuations in temperature (blue) and in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (red) over the past 400,000 years as inferred from Antarctic icecore records. The vertical red bar is the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over the past two centuries and before 2006. From A. V. Fedorov et al. Science 312, 1485 (2006)
SUMMARY 1. URGENT & IMMEDIATE national inventories (Russia, Kazakhatan, Mongolia) 2. PRIORTIZE adverse effects incl. Habitat loss, prey populations, poisonings, hunting, electrocution
3. MUST take Climate Change into account - Natural population trends
4. PUBLISH!! PUBLISH!! PUBLISH!!
Winston Churchill. 1945. Confirmed anti-trability of mankind. unfortunate habit of civilized societies to sleep & slumberâ&#x20AC;Ś , until danger nearly overtakes them and the want of foresight the unwillingness to act when action will be simple & , effective , the lack of clear thinking , the confusion of council until the emergency comes â&#x20AC;Śâ&#x20AC;Śuntil self preservation strikes its jarring gong