Vertical Street Research Book
Public Charter
02
Documentation: Public Space
03
Research: 22Bishopsgate
15
Study: Vertical Village
23
Reference
31
Vertical Street Research Book
Public Charter
02
Documentation: Public Space
03
Research: 22Bishopsgate
15
Study: Vertical Village
23
Reference
31
1.Public spaces should be free, accessible for all. 2.It should be open to be used as an urban experimental petri dish. 3.Experiments can be any form of activity that improves civic living. It does not have to be based on function. 4.Every user of public space should be treated equally regardless of gender, race and socio-economic status.
Public Charter
Let Experiments Happen
5.The application and result of using public spaces should be open and transparent.
Public Charter 02
03 Documentation: Public Space
"Some internal or elevated spaces can also be considered as part of the public realm, such as shopping malls, sky gardens, viewing platforms, museums or station concourses. Such forms of public realm are particularly relevant in areas of higher density." ---- Policy D7 Public Realm, Draft New London Plan
Quality of Interior public space is attracting more attention than ever before. In the latest Draft New London Plan, the definition of public realm starts to include interior and elevated public spaces. However, the deficiency of relevant research in both London and other regions hampers the development of better spaces and brings this issue onto the international stage.
Public Space
Route of investigation trip a. Trafalgar Square b. Royal Festival Hall (Southbank Centre) c. Queen Elizabeth Hall (Southbank Centre) d. National Theatre e. OXO Tower Wharf f. Tate Modern g. Shakespeare's Globe h. Borough Market i. Monument to the Great Fire of London j. Leadenhall Market k. The Garden at 120 l. Sky Garden m.City Hall n. Twentytwo Bishopsgate
Documentation: Public Space 04
05 Documentation: Public Space
Trafalgar Square London 31/10/2020
Leadenhall Mardet London 31/10/2020
An exploration was started to address this field by researching various kinds of public spaces in London and Tokyo. In the investigation, human activities were extracted solely to present the user behaviours and experienced journeys. Accordingly, the essence of these spaces is revealed and endows us with a more precise evaluation on them.
Tate Modern London 31/10/2020
Sky Garden London 31/10/2020
Documentation: Public Space 06
07 Documentation: Public Space
Trafalgar Square London 31/10/2020
National Museum of Western Art Tokyo 03/11/2020
More importantly, the relationship between users and the design of public spaces is intensified after dematerialising the surrounding. The pattern of how people behave in the indoor spaces differs from the outdoor one, reflecting the disparate design logic for interior and outdoor public spaces.
Asakusa Shin-Nakamise-Dori Tokyo 03/11/2020
Sky Garden London 31/10/2020
Documentation: Public Space 08
①
plants bar cafe restaurant open-air terrace
09 Documentation: Public Space
②
③
④
The journey: 1. Guard entrance 2. Glass turnstile 3. Safety check 4. Lift
Sky Garden
20 Fenchurch Street Location: London, UK Completed: 2014 Architect: Rafael Vinoly
The onboarding journey of Sky garden has always been compared to those in an airport terminal. One has to go through a series of barriers - security check, longstanding queues and fancy machines - to reach the destination. According to the designer Gillespies, Sky Garden was inspired by the gravity-defying ancient forests. The aim is to create a public garden space housed under a glass vaulted roof overlooking the City of London, and cater service for tourists and private events. However, it is already too late for people to realise the countless restrictions and lies after its debut. Arguably, visitors could rarely have a satisfying experience in Sky Garden. But the true reason behind the complaint attributes to a lack of substitute: the accessible, inclusive, free, elevated interior public space is extremely scarce in London.
Documentation: Public Space 10
11 Documentation: Public Space
Documentation: Public Space 12
①
shop cafe future travel scope viewing deck
13 Documentation: Public Space
②
③
The journey: 1. Guard entrance 2. Safety check 3. Lift
Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building Observatories
Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building Location: Tokyo, Japan Completed: 1991 Architect: Kenzo Tange
The harsh restriction of observatory does not only exist in London. In Tokyo, the viewing deck above TMG building has enjoyed considerable popularity among tourists for more than two decades, while at the same time never lowered its limitation. Albeit without the fig trees and ferns in Sky Garden, TMG building still receives accolade for being a more inclusive, reservation-free elevated public space. The design and management of observatories question the definition of public space. With more skyscrapers rising on the horizon, interior elevated space will bear more weights in the future urban living.
Documentation: Public Space 14
15 Research: 22 Bishopsgate
22 Bishopsgate
22 Bishopsgate, designed by PLP Architecture and planned to be opened in 2020, claims to be the first vertical village in London. In the city lacking of elevated interior public space, the building brings a fresh expectation on expanding the public realm.
Research: 22 Bishopsgate 16
30 St Mary Axe: 180m Heron Tower: 230m Tower 42: 183m
St.Helen's: 118m The Leadenhall Building: 225m The Scalpel: 190m Wills Towers Waston: 125m 10 Fenchurch Ave: 68m
Lloyd's of London: 95m
17 Research: 22 Bishopsgate
Location and Population
"The building is a Vertical Village, built to support and nurture its population of 12,000 inhabitants."
Situating in the the commercial heart, 22 Bishopsgate is surrounded by one of the largest conservation areas in the City of London, as well as crowded among the highrise commercial buildings, an area of historic masonry facades knitted with the glass, steel and concrete. The building acts create not only as the office but also as the community for 12,000 occupants, an amount equivalent to the population of a middle scale town in UK.
Research: 22 Bishopsgate 18
58-60
The viewing gallery
57 42-56
The club The office
41 40-26
The retreat The office
25 08-24
The gym The office
07 03-06
The exchange Space on demand
02 00 -01/02
19 Research: 22 Bishopsgate
The market The lobby The bike park Wind mitigation canopies Pedestrian access
Interior Public Space
The plan arrangement is relative traditional in ter ms of layout, although due to the intervening of amenities, the public spaces vary in the tower. From bike park to food market, from gym to pub, 22 Bishopsgate is trying to embrace the city with a positive attitude. Pedestrian could walk through the building from the opening at its base; workers and tourists from other places can share the market at the bottom and observatory on the top.
Research: 22 Bishopsgate 20
21 Research: 22 Bishopsgate
Vertical Transportation
The overflow of people burdens the workload of lifts in office buidling, while there is no convenient solution to this delay. The vertical transportation in 22 Bishopsgate are composed of staircases, escalators and more than 30 lifts to different sections. Even if the core space has been minimised, the lifts still occupy about 30% of the ground floor. The design team tries to reduce the waiting time by raising the amount and speed of the lift, and integrating art works in these commute space. However, substantially, the logic remains the same.
Research: 22 Bishopsgate 22
23 Study: Vertical Village
Vertical village is a growing concept. From the built and unrealised vertical villages, some common features can be extracted to reflect the aspiration towards this new lifestyle. The most significant trend is multifunction. Besides accommodation for the residents, the structure also provides a complete set of utilities for work, study and recreation.
Vertical Village
Feature - Multifunction
Garden in the machine (Studio Gang) Vertical village IBA (MVRDV) 22 Bishopsgate (PLP Architecture)
Study: Vertical Village 24
25 Study: Vertical Village
Feature - Costimised Unit
Vertical village is not merely a certain construction but a new lifestyle, combining the advantages of location and infrastructure in urban area with the freedom of creation in village. Owners could have more opportunities to choose or design their house, and decide when and how to change their space.
Vertical village IBA (MVRDV) The Trampery on the Gantry (Hawkins/Brown)
Study: Vertical Village 26
27 Study: Vertical Village
Feature - Bridge
When transportation network being elevated above the ground, the interior and outdoor public realm interconnects through the sky bridge. Accordingly, it grants more possibilities in new types of garden and recreation space.
The Pinnacle@Duxton (ARC Studio Architecture+Urbanism) Cloud Corridor (MAD) Edificio Mirador (MVRDV)
Study: Vertical Village 28
29 Study: Vertical Village
Feature - Elevated Green
Vertical village also revives the sense of rural living by creating elevated gardens. The screen of vegetation helps to build the environmental sustainability as well as ease the nerve of high rise living. Along these lines, this aggregation of urban desire and village memory is not so much an apathetic structure as a constantly evolving framework.
Bosco Verticale (StefanoBoeri) Cloud Corridor (MAD) Vertical Village (Sou Fujimoto,Nicolas LaisnĂŠ, Dimitri Roussel)
Study: Vertical Village 30
[1]Nethercote, Megan, and Ralph Horne “Ordinary vertical urbanisms: City apartments and the everyday geographies of high-rise families” Environment and Planning, 48 (2016), 1581-1598 [2]Gang, Jeanne. “Three Points of the Residential High-Rise: Designing for Social Connectivity”. International Journal of HighRise Buildings, 5(2016),117-125 [3]Wong, Grace. “Vertical cities as a solution for land scarcity: the tallest public housing development in Singapore.” Urban Des Int9, 17-30(2004). [4]PLP Architecture, "22 Bishopsgate, London, Uk", PLP Architecture, https://www. plparchitecture.com/22-bishopsgate.html. [5]22 Bishopsgate, "22 Bishopsgate",http:// www.twentytwolondon.com/. [ 6 ] “ A l l U K To w n s & C i t i e s i n P o p u l a t i o n Order(2011 Census).”lovemytown, 2011, lovemytown.co.uk/populations/townstable1. asp. [7]“Vertical village by Sou Fujimoto, Nicolas Laisné and Dimitri Roussel to be built in Paris.”, dezeen, 2018, https://www.dezeen. com/2018/04/17/paris-to-get-vertical-villageby-sou-fujimoto-nicolas-laisne-and-dimitriroussel/.
31 Reference
[9]Taylor, Chapman. “Designing for high-rise living.”, 2019, https://www.chapmantaylor. com/insights/designing-for-high-rise-living. [10]“Dutch build ‘vertical forest’ skyscraper a s s o c i a l h o u s i n g . ” , Vo l v o C C C , 2 0 1 8 , https://constructionclimatechallenge. com/2018/02/16/vertical-forest-skyscraperbuilt-social-housing-eindhoven/. [11]McKnight Jenna, “MAD proposes "vertical village" for LA as alternative to sprawl“, dezeen, 2015, https://www.dezeen. com/2015/08/31/mad-skyscraper-conceptvertical-village-los-angeles-alternative-tosprawl/.
Reference
[8]“Can high-rise buildings ever work as cohesive living spaces?.” Financial Times, 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/870e12f81d19-11e6-a7bc-ee846770ec15.
[12]“MVRDV - Vertical Village IBA.”, MVRDV, https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/174/verticalvillage-iba. [13]Mortice, Zach, “The Do-It-Yourself Vertical Village on the Fringes of London.”, Archdaily, 2018, https://www.archdaily.com/906223/ the-do-it-yourself-vertical-village-on-thefringes-of-london.
Reference 32