RDJ Briefing - February 2021 by RDJ Briefing

ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY News & Analysis

FEBRUARY, 2021

TOMORROW IS ALREADY HERE! The Briefing and Analysis of RDJ Consulting (NAMIBIA) Windhoek, Namibia

THE 2020 HIGHLIGHTS WWW.RDJCONSULTING.CO.ZA

News & Analysis

From The Editor Quick Facts Economy at Large Oil & Gas Mining Electricity Renewable Energy Water The Environment Roads & Transport ICT & Telecommunications Youth In Action Tenders and Careers Contributing Authors

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C O N T EN T S

ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY

JAN 2020

FROM THE EDITOR RDJ Consulting Services CC is an advisory consultancy to the Energy, Water and Transport Sectors with a focus on sustainable operations and renewable energy.

PO Box 23738 Windhoek, NAMIBIA Telephone +264 61 400 171

EMAIL briefing@rdjconsulting.co.za WEBSITE www.rdjconsulting.co.za

TOMORROW IS ALREADY HERE! Dear Reader, Welcome to our February 2021 edition. 2020 was without a doubt a challenging year but as we complete the second month, it is with hope and renewed strength that we move forward. Having noted this, the challenges we face, has speeded up innovation and technology disruptors to help economies move forward. This edition brings you highlights of the bilateral discussion and accord between the Head of State’s in Namibia and Botswana that covers a wide range of matters. This has occurred also at a time when Namibia has experienced a great rainy season, along with its commensurate challenges but outweighed by positives such as a great grape harvest and outstanding Dam levels. A look is also taken at several environmental matters focused on Oil & Gas and Phosphate issues. Hydrogen is also examined, and our indications are that we can truly accept that Tomorrow is already here! Once more, I would like to remind our readers that the Briefing is a publication produced by

our hard-working staff and interns for you, we thus welcome all the support possible going forward, especially through placement of adverts, media releases and publicity articles to support our young writers, as we continue to provide you with relevant and well thought news and research items for 2021. To find out more, please continue to enjoy reading this Publication and do join our conversations on Twitter and Wordpress . And, if you are new to the RDJ Briefing, subscribe to this FREE Publication at briefing@rdjconsulting.co.za and freely share the link with others that will benefit from its contents. Enjoy, #StaySafe! and a happy 2021 to you…. Comments are welcome!….

(David A. Jarrett) Editor

Authors RDJ Interns*

This report is a FREE Publication and was prepared by RDJ Consulting Services CC based in Windhoek, Namibia. The content is collected from publicly available information and so its accuracy cannot be guaranteed.

89%

Literacy Rate

-1.1%

GDP Growth (2019)

3.75% Repo Rate

66.6%

Employment

2.3M

7.50%

Interest rate (Prime)

2.7%

Population Size

Inflation (CPI)- July 2020

quick facts

8.8M

LTE

Telecom (sophistication)

Tourism, Mining, Fishing Industries

2.575

Million Mobile(cell phones) Subscribers

Water availability (cubic litres/capita)

484.000

Electricity Gen. in MW (Local)

629.000

Electricity Demand in MW (all)

FEBRUARY, 2021

ECONOMY AT LARGE Namibian Presidential Statement - Communique on the Working Visit to the Republic of Namibia by H.E. Dr Mokgweetsi E. K. Masisi, President of the Republic of Botswana

Image Source: https://www.facebook.com/NamibianPresidency/photos/pcb.3542310822547022/3543924212385683

1. At the invitation of H.E. Dr Hage G. Geingob, President of the Republic of Namibia, H.E. Dr Mokgweetsi E. K. Masisi, President of the Republic of Botswana paid a oneday Working Visit to the Republic of Namibia on 29 January 2021.

2. H.E. President Masisi was accompanied by the Minister of International Affairs and Cooperation, Minister of Investment, Trade and Industry, Minister of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism, Minister of Health and Wellness, Assistant Minister of Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Administration and other Senior Officials.

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FEBRUARY, 2021

3. H.E. President Hage G. Geingob was accompanied by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Minister of Health and Social Services, Minister of Defence and Veterans Affairs, Minister of Presidential Affairs, Minister of Industrialization and Trade and Senior Officials. 4. The working visit preceded the 6th Session of the Namibia-Botswana Permanent Joint Commission of Cooperation was hosted virtually by Namibia from 16-18 February 2021, where the two countries reviewed the implementation of all bilateral agreements, joint projects and programs, and prepare the inaugural session of the Bi-National Commission. 5. During the Working Visit, the two Heads of State witnessed the signing by Hon. Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of International Relations and Cooperation of Namibia and Hon. Dr Lemogang Kwape, Minister of International Affairs and Cooperation of Botswana, of the Agreement establishing the Bi-National Commission (BNC). This agreement will elevate the Joint Commission mechanism to a Bi-National Commission, which will be co-chaired by the respective Heads of State. The elevation signifies the importance that both countries attach to their bilateral relations. 6. Noting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the region, the two countries agreed to work closely and coordinate efforts particularly with regard to procurement and roll out of COVID-19 vaccines. The two countries agreed on a joint approach to vaccine procurement, delivery, regulatory approval, vaccination of citizens in either country as well as addressing community readiness and engagement for vaccine acceptance. The sharing of best practices, collaboration on testing for COVID-19 and harmonisation of COVID-19 test result validity were also agreed to by the two countries. They also re-visited plans to establish a Joint Technical Committee as part of the Memorandum of Understanding in the areas of cooperation in the field of health. 7. In terms of trade and investment, both sides exchanged views on their post-COVID-19 joint economic recoveries. The two countries agreed to leverage on the TransKalahari Corridor to create value chains in agriculture, tourism and trade facilitation. Both sides agreed to continue facilitating cross-border trade including maximising on the export and import benefits at the Dry Port at Walvis Bay. In this regard, both sides agreed on the need to fast-track the conclusion of the One-Stop Border Post concept.

8. At the regional and continental level, the two Heads of State welcomed the operationalisation of the SACUM-UK agreement and the coming into force of the Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) on 1 January 2021. Namibia and Botswana also agreed to strengthen their positions by providing success stories on how the trade of ivory benefits the communities at the next CITES Summit. 9. With regard to defence and security cooperation, the two countries reiterated their excellent collaboration and noted the challenges experienced due to COVID-19 pandemic with regard to hosting their Joint Permanent Commission on Defence and Security (JPCDS). They further noted that the signing of the Bi-National Commission agreement would absorb the JPCDS. Botswana also informed that the country does not have a shoot-to-kill policy. The two countries committed to the resumption of joint coordinated patrols and activities, with priority to be given to the areas around the shared river and water ecosystem along the common border. They also committed to hold a bilateral meeting consisting of intelligence, defence and law enforcement. Both sides also agreed to recommend to their trade and economic sectors to accommodate strategic needs of the respective defence and security sectors. 10. H.E. President Masisi extended his appreciation for the warm hospitality extended to his delegation whilst in Windhoek. 11. The Heads of State agreed that the inaugural session of the Bi-National Commission would be held in the Republic of Botswana on a date to be mutually agreed upon. Windhoek, Friday, 29 January 2020

Readings: https://www.facebook.com/NamibianPresidency/photos/pcb.3542 310822547022/3543924212385683 https://m.facebook.com/story.php? story_fbid=3542310822547022&id=778956725549126

29 January 2021 Link: https://op.gov.na/home

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FEBRUARY, 2021

Namibia's Grape Exports Continue to Increase

espite the economic difficulties caused by the novel coronavirus, the agriculture industry seems to be booming due to the significant harvest made

relatively small and 1% of table grapes are consumed in Namibia.

in grapes which led to an increase in exports and revenue. The 2020/21 grape season was estimated to export 34 200 tonnes of grapes but instead exported 38 700 tonnes with an estimated revenue returns of N$1 billion. This surpasses the 2019/20 season which exported 33 000 tonnes of grapes at a return of N$840 million.

According to the Association, despite having a market outside the border of Namibia such as Europe, the United Kingdom, the Middle East, Africa and North America, grapes market in the country is very small as only 1% of locally produced table grapes are consumed in Namibia. In fact, despite being able to export grapes, Namibia lacks much competitiveness in the global market since chinal is more competent than Namibia at exporting grapes.

According to Kobus Bothma, the Vice Chairman of the Namibian Grape Growers Association (NGGA), the association is thankful to the 12% increase in harvest as it means more money for the grape farmers and the Namibian economy at large. He also explained that other than Capespan Namibia, which produces a quarter of Namibian grapes, there are about 10 companies at Aussenkehr, Noordoewer, Naute Dam and Komsberg producing table grapes for export purposes. NGGA represents all table grape growers, who employ up to 12 000 permanent and seasonal workers. He further said that there are several varieties of grapes grown in Namibia, namely white, red and black – mainly seedless for table grape production and exports to destinations like Europe, the United Kingdom, the Middle East, Africa and North America. The local market is

The main challenges in growing this business are difficulty of access to market and lack of adequate infrastructure. A possible solution to this would be the extension of the tarred road between Aussenkehr and Rosh Pinah to facilitate use of country’s ports, as well as upgrading of the Lüderitz harbor.

Readings: https://www.namibian.com.na/98458/read/Namibia-expects-N$1-billionfrom-grapes https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9289608/namibia-expects-n-1-billionof-revenues-from-grape-exports/ https://allafrica.com/stories/202101290631.html https://afro.news/2021/01/29/namibia-expects-n1-billion-from-grapes/ https://www.fructidor.com/newsdetail.aspx? idn=54432&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email

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weblink : info@energyindaba.co.za

10 FEBRUARY, 2021

Gold Reserves and their re-introduction into Zambia's Economy AUTHOR: Misozi Mugala Research Contributor

EDITOR: Priscila Chilombo Economist @ RDJ Consulting

ith the Zambian economy not doing so well, justified by inflation standing at 21.5%, price instability persisting and the continuous depre-

-ciation of the Zambian kwacha, it is inevitable for its economists to revise both its monetary and fiscal policy. For this, the Bank of Zambia has resorted into keeping Gold reserves in order to revive the declining economy. According to the governor of Bank of Zambia who spoke at the signing of this Agreement, the re-introduction of gold as part of the country’s foreign exchange reserves was a meaningful decision, as this is not the first time that the Bank will be acquiring and holding gold as a reserve asset. Before 1995, the Bank procured gold for reserves from Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM) Limited. However, due to the severe foreign exchange liquidity challenges that the country faced during the 1990s, the gold reserve portfolio was liquidated in 1995. Standing at a different time as that of the 90’s, Zambia has resorted into trying this out once again. This time, the gold will be sourced locally, therefore, Kansanshi Mining Plc was identified as a counterparty since it has been producing the commodity on a commercial basis since 2006. Apart from Kansanshi, the Bank has also engaged Zambia Gold Company, a newly established subsidiary of ZCCM–IH as the other counterparty in the purchase agreements given its mandate to oversee mining, processing, refining and marketing of gold in Zambia. The first purchase of Gold which weighed 47 kilograms was made on the 11th December, 2020.

What is a Gold Reserve? britannica.com defines Gold Reserve as a fund of gold bullion or coin held by a government or bank, as distinguished from a private hoard of gold held by an individual or nonfinancial institution.

What are Gold Reserves used for? Gold Reserves are used to hedge against inflation – For instance in situations of high inflation like the current condition in Zambia, when supply for gold reduces, purchasing huge amounts of gold would help stabilize the inflation rate in the long run as the demand for gold increases. This is possible because Gold is an inferior good which maintains its high value unlike other types of currencies.

They determine imports and exports – with all currencies being linked to the value of exports and imports, state investment in gold reserves brings about a more balanced trade. Normally, when imports surpass exports, the value of currency depreciates and vice versa. A country that exports gold and has an excess of gold reserves will experience a strong currency and also a rise in net exports in the long run. They also determine the value of a country’s currency – gold reserves yield a direct relationship between gold production demand and the local currency. Holding all other factors constant, when demand from the manufacturing sector required to process gold increases, the local currency tends to appreciate. Gold reserves can devaluate the trading currency – When Central Banks make many transactions in gold, it affects the demand and supply of the local currency and may cause inflation. This is because banks need to print more cash to be able to buy gold, thereby creating an excess supply of fiat currency. Given the fact that Gold has so many uses, gold never loses its value, and its role shall keep changing with the economies and policies. The relation between gold and banks has also been evolving from time to time. In fact, Policymakers create the political and economic outlook of a country based on how much gold reserves they have, which is not always correct. The reality is that it is not about how much gold is bought and held by the government in the form of the reserve, but rather how much of the gold held shows the government the total receives. As for Zambia, it is good that its economists have realised that gold is the pivot point of the fiscal policy and no change can take place without system revision. Meanwhile the question that remain is: “Is this finally the path to Zambia’s economic recovery?” The conversation continues at briefing@rdjconsulting.co.za

Readings: https://www.boz.zm/press_statement_gold_purchasing_programme.pdf https://www.boz.zm/governors_speech_signing_ceremony_of_gold_purcha se_agreement_with_kansanshi_mining.pdf https://www.britannica.com/topic/gold-reserve

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BoN Contributes Towards the Fight Against Covid-19 In addition to the revision of its monetary policy (reduction of repo and prime rate); the Bank of Namibia (BoN) on the 20th January, 2021 responded to Namibia’s president plea for private and public sectors to join the government in the battle against the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) by donating medical equipment worth N$3 million to the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MHSS). According to the Governor of BoN, the donation made to state hospitals in Erongo, Hardap, Zambezi, Karas and Kavango East regions consisted of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), ECG Machines, CRAP machines and

Equipment (PPE), ECG Machines, CRAP machines and CRAP prongs, high-flaw nasal oxygen machines with accessories, Phototherapy lamps, Electrocardiographs and many more equipment, which will still be useful to state hospitals after the pandemic. Receiving the donation on behalf of the Ministry of Health and Social Services was Dr. Kalumbi Shangula, who expressed his gratitude and stated that the BoN donation came at a perfect time as the country and world are fighting the second wave of the virus, and essential equipment that ensure the safety of health workers and patients are always welcome.

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JANUARY, 2021

OIL & GAS Namibia Oil and Gas Exploration Moves Inland AUTHOR: Monique Jarrett Environmentalist @ RDJ Consulting

DISCLAIMER The Author has related 2018 data and information to give a baseline on the different parameters utilized in the discussion. The reader is advised to update themselves on any and all of the data and information used here.

amibia is home to a population of approximately 2.5 Million based on the 2018 Labour Force Survey. With females making up 51.4 % of the population,

the matter of equity amongst the sexes can be reasonably expected. However, the youth dependency ratio of the country as per the same Report, points to most persons being 14 years of age or younger, thus removing 61.7% of the population from the immediate workforce. Based on the above, the Economy has a dependency on around 30% of the population to provide resources through employed means. Of the 710 000 estimated individuals, some 237 000 are unemployed, adding to the dependent mass of the country. Mining and Quarrying accounts for around 2% of employment bearing in mind that this is dwarfed by Agriculture, Forestry and fishing that contributes 10 times more with 23% of jobs. Mining and Quarrying which contributed N$ 15.9 Billion (or nearly 10%) of GDP, does however fall into the category of inequity where gender is concerned as only 17% of jobs are held by females. The ReconAfrica project given the country’s need to increase employment and productivity especially in the face of COVID-19, will be a God sent at this point in time depending on your sustainable viewpoint. Why a God send? it is clear that with borders closed in most countries, reduced productivity and purchasing, the need to keep economically active individuals, active, is crucial. Recon Africa sees itself as a “junior” player in the Oil and gas space but has however attracted more attention in the marketplace than Exxon Mobil who describes themselves

as “As one of the world's largest publicly traded energy providers and chemical manufacturers”. Exxon Mobil has been conducting oil and gas exploration in Namibia since 2019 and are currently planning on expanding their exploration acreage. Various other companies are also involved in the hunt for oil such as Royal Dutch Shell, working in partnership with American upstream oil company Kosmos Energy and the Namibian state-owned energy specialists, NAMCOR with plans to start drilling in early 2021 after 5 years of completed three seismic surveys, Chevron Corporation and BP PLC off the rich coast of Namibia. Pushing the boundaries to new areas, the Canadian oil and gas company ReconAfrica has started looking inland and identifying the Okavango delta as a possible source of oil and gas due to the formation of the basin. It is believed that the Okavango delta could possibly hold up 31 billion barrels of crude oil, possibly the world’s largest oil discovery in a decade.

Readings: https://d3rp5jatom3eyn.cloudfront.net/cms/assets/documents/Labo ur_Force_Survey_final_-_2018.pdf https://d3rp5jatom3eyn.cloudfront.net/cms/assets/documents/Ann ual_National_Accounts_20181.pdf https://reconafrica.com/about/company-profile/ https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/Locations/Namibia https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/ https://www.shell.com.na/about-us/who-we-are/celebrating-fiveyears-of-shell-exploration-in-namibia.html https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/major-oil-companiesbelieve-namibia-is-africas-next-oil-hot-spot-300973775.html https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2020/10/oil-drillingfracking-planned-okavango-wilderness/

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AUGUST, 2020

2021 FEBRUARY FUEL PRICES

N$ 11.85 per litre 95 Octane Unleaded Petrol

N$ 11.88 per litre Diesel 50ppm

14 FEBRUARY, 2021

National Oil Storage Facility (NOSF) Now in Operation

n 1st December 2020, Namibia received its first vessel to the National Oil Storage Facilities (NOSF) project in Walvis Bay. As part of the final

on completion of the project the vessel is scheduled to offload 35,000 tonnes of diesel. In line with the Namibian government’s vision for economic development the construction of NOSF project began in 2015 under the supervision of the Namibian companies Om'kumoh and AIJ hired A1V2. The project was estimated to cost of $370 million and was finalized by the joint venture between China Harbour Engineering Company, the Roads Contractor Company and Babyface Civils. NOSF which is situated in Walvis Bay consists of a newly built tanker Jetty with 2 berths, with a maximum draft of 16.5m. After its completion, the National Petroleum Corporation of Namibia (NAMCOR) became in charge of managing and operating the facility, which is reported to accommodate vessels with up to 60,000 Deadweight Tons. There are 4 dedicated pipelines for Diesel, ULP, JET and HFO which covers a total distance of 6.43km from the Jetty up to the Terminal tank farm. The newly constructed Jetty allows vessels to offload products for shore tanks, or load products for export onto the vessels. The bulk fuel storage facility in Walvis Bay has a capacity of 75 million litres of fuel in total, with seven storage tanks in total. These are:

One 5 000m³ Diesel tank and two 20 000m³ Diesel tanks; Two 10 000m³ ULP tanks; One 5 000m³ JET-A1 and One 5 000m³ HFO. According to NAMCOR, all terminal operations will include loading and offloading of trucks and rail tankers, intertank transfers, transfers to and from other oil companies. According to statement released by the Ministry of Mines and Energy, this was done as a testing phase, and their technical team will continue testing the facility as part of the final stage of the construction phase of the Project. Meanwhile, the Ministry is expected to keep the public informed of further developments, and the media will be invited to the official inauguration of the project.

Readings: https://www.namcor.com.na/national-oil-storage-facility/ http://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/3c6_Oil%20Storage%20update. pdf https://www.nbc.na/news/national-fuel-storage-facility-receives-firstvessel-discharge-diesel.38406 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2020-12/02/c_139558462.htm https://www.a1v2.pt/en/portfolio/oil-storage-facilities/ https://economist.com.na/57786/mining-energy/national-fuel-storage-inwalvis-bay-receives-first-offload-as-part-of-final-tests/

CREDIT: RDJ Photo

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FEBRUARY, 2021

MINING Phosphate Mining - Are there Cracks in Environmental Protection?

phosphate mine at Boucraa factory - Courtesy REUTERS/Youssef Boudlal

hosphate mining takes place in several locations worldwide to satisfy agricultural and other food production needs of humans. Phosphate rock is a

finite resource but based on latest estimates, these resources still will be available at current use/yield rates for some 200 to 300 years. The phosphate mining production process leaves large quantities of waste and radioactive elements based on water needs for processing at the Pit, Ore transportation, settling ponds and separation in the flotation processing steps. Further complexity arises from the mining location with the method used such as surface, underground or seabed phosphorite mining. It is stated that some “90% of the World’s phosphate rock reserves are located in Morocco, China, South Africa, Jordan and the United States”. It is also widely held that Morocco holds up to 75% of the phosphate reserves but due to the dispute (and we use this term guardedly), around the Western Sahara territory, the ownership of various mines creates legal, moral and other challenges. Namibia also has phosphate resources, and these resources are stated to be primarily offshore for which a mining licence ML 170 has been issued. The Namibian Marine Phosphate Pty Limited (NMP) has publicly expressed optimism once it gets an opportunity in 2020 to commence a sea mining undertaking and demonstrate the benefits of such a venture to all marine stakeholders in Namibia. Legally enforced via the Environmental Management Act of 2007, Namibia through its Environmental Impact Assessm-

-ent (EIA) process will require this project to receive an Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) for which the licence owners have applied for. NMP through its Environmental Assessment Practitioners (EAP) summated their findings and mitigating actions in the 2014 and 2016 Environmental Management Plans (EMP’s) submitted to the then Ministry of Environment and Tourism (now the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism) in defense of their application for the ECC. The Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism has acknowledged that the current Environmental Management Act of 2007 is in need of a overhaul and that amendments are needed. This will be true even after the revamp, overhaul or amendment because as can be expected with all such projects, NMP via its EMP submission’s state clearly that any assumptions used to develop the project will need to be revised appropriate[ly] and that any new data and interpretations [are placed] on an environmental database system. Could this be the Achilles heal of environmental protection that “hindsight” is the only guarantee?

Readings: https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu https://www.thebusinessyear.com https://ifdc.org/2019/10/11/the-history-and-future-of-phosphorus/ https://www.namphos.com

References: Menzel RG. 1968. Uranium, radium, and thorium content in phosphate rocks and their possible radiation hazard. Dept of Agriculture Beltsville Md. Fávaro D. 2005 Natural radioactivity in phosphate rock, phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizers in Brazil. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry.; 264(2):445‒448. Slack A. 1972. Fertilizer products The Fertilizer Handbook. The Fertilizer Institute, Washington, DC.; 47‒65.

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16 FEBRUARY, 2021

ELECTRICITY Covid and Load Shedding

Credit: https://www.eskom.co.za/sites/publicdata/Pages/Lockdown-Demand-Tracking.aspx

nergy demand has always been an issue that energy companies grapple with thus providing impetus for demand-side energy programs and sadly 'rationing'

which is code for load shedding is a consequence. Eskom South Africa, the 100% state owned national electricity utility, is not immune and has to grapple with this challenge frequently and as of 14th January, has implemented Stage 2 load shedding. Load shedding is definitely an action that flies in the face of any business that is restricting supply while consumers are demanding more. Even more astounding is that in all economic theory, when a product is in short supply, the price of the product due to competitive forces in a free market then climb. Eskom however has a price regulated product and a national obligation as a supplier of last resort which makes the challenge even greater. Covid-19 has impacted society in so many ways as well as on the demand of electricity. When lockdowns were initiated in early 2020 in South Africa, forecasted demand (pre-Covid) was way above actual demand especially during May 2020 – September 2020 due to the reduced demand imposed on non-essential activities.

Now in January 2021, that new measures are in place that allow restricted activities and curfews as the “new normal” means that many of the activities restricted under the previous lockdown levels are now back in play. The real question therefore is “did Eskom miss an opportunity to get their house in order or is the demand greater than they can naturally and economically meet”? Eskom South Africa has 44 172 MW of capacity that can be generated through its 30 power stations, but with some 20 000 MW suffering breakdowns or under maintenance, nearly 50% of their capacity is unavailable. Although the presented statistics are harsh to say the least, the intricate understanding is much more complicated and beyond the scope of this article.

Readings: https://www.eskom.co.za/OurCompany/CompanyInformation/Pages/Comp any_Information.aspx https://www.eskom.co.za/news/Pages/2021Jan14.aspx https://www.iea.org/reports/covid-19-impact-on-electricity https://www.eskom.co.za/sites/publicdata/Pages/Lockdown-DemandTracking.aspx

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FEBRUARY, 2021

RENEWABLE ENERGY Hydrogen is Coming!

s we have pointed out on many occasions and revisited recently (November 2020), Green Hydrogen and its development globally will impact

availability, cost and usefulness of current energy sources. Think of this, if all vehicle manufacturers were to shift their engines to use Hydrogen, is Namibia ready to acquire new vehicles that use Hydrogen or its derivatives? Germany has indicated in the Hydrogen Strategy that up to 80 TWh of hydrogen would be needed to “clean” their steel production. Leading the energy transition in Africa both in terms of capital investment and plant capacity, Morocco has a large renewable energy potential, particularly in the areas of solar and wind. Due to its geographic proximity and interconnections, market integration could enable a mutual beneficial exchange of sustainable energy supply to Europe in the long term. Morocco, like Namibia, relies heavily on imported fossil fuels and with an estimated population of 37 Million, this must be a lot of fuel. Namibia as we know is an importer of all forms of energy currently.

An agreement between Morocco and Germany to develop “green” hydrogen projects signed in June 2019 will provide the needed impetus for both supply and development. As per a press release, Germany sees a hydrogen strategy as “a giant leap towards carbonneutral fuels and a global energy transition”. This is a response from Germany’s National Hydrogen Council as appointed from the Federal Cabinet that clearly shows the intent of one of the major industrial nations and a major vehicle manufacturer. Thus, a collaboration to develop renewable energies and fuels is a natural alliance of one who needs energy directly, with one having the technology and skills to make it happen. A number of activities have been initiated between Morocco and Germany to achieve various climate and energy needs with highlighted ones such as; German-Moroccan Energy Partnership (BMWi) Support for Morocco’s energy policy (PAPEM II) Establishment of a climate change competence centre (4C Maroc) Improving grid integration of renewable energy Advancing transport strategies Increasing energy efficiency in Morocco Integrated water resources management ‘Green jobs’ for young people in rural areas Employment of young women through applied Gender Diversity Management Promoting youth employment in rural areas Promotion of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises Paramount to this sort of progress in any country or region is the political will to move in this direction and this is then enshrined in the national plans and policies. Hydrogen strategies lead to decarbonization of many sectors of society such as tourism, agriculture and transportation but the question is “are national policies enough”?

Readings:

Image source: nvvn.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/h2-1.png

https://renewablesnow.com/news/morocco-germany-to-jointly-work-ongreen-hydrogen-production-703246/ https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/340.html https://nvvn.nl/hydrogen-a-new-energy-vector-in-morocco-2/ https://www.bmz.de/en/press/aktuelleMeldungen/2020/juni/200610_pm_03 1_Federal-Government-adopts-National-Hydrogen-Strategy-andestablishes-National-Hydrogen-Council/index.html

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18 FEBRUARY, 2021

WATER Namibia Dam Levels Update 15 February 2021

SOURCE: NamWater's weekly dam bulletin - dated 18 January 2021 The graph above compares the current (15February 2021) dam levels to the observations made in the previous year during the same season. Following widespread rains over the catchment areas of most of the country's dams recently, most dams have reached and gone beyond their full capacity this season. With this, local farmers in the country should be happy for their herds and crops as there is enought food and water to last them a while, after long yrears of drought experienced in the past years.

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DID YOU KNOW? The Ruacana Hydropower station is the main core of the Namibian power supply system, generating up to 330 MW of power for the country.

Despite producing so much, Ruacana is only operated as a base load plant during the rainy season and as a peaker for the rest of the year becase it is run-of-river plant and the variations in Southern Angola’s rainfall limit its performances.

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20 FEBRUARY, 2021

THE ENVIRONMENT ReconAfrica - Economy Versus Environment AUTHOR: Monique Jarrett Environmentalist @ RDJ Consulting DISCLAIMER The Author has related 2018 data and information to give a baseline on the different parameters utilized in the discussion. The reader is advised to update themselves on any and all of the data and information used here.

onservation in Namibia is considered globally to be held in the highest regard, enough to be included in the country’s Constitution. As the only country in the world to do so, Article 95 of Namibia's Constitution mandates that the “maintenance of ecosystems, essential ecological processes and biological diversity of Namibia and utilization of living natural resources on a sustainable basis for the benefit of the Namibians, both present and future.” If oil is found, Namibia could become a key player in the global oil industry. This would potentially have major impacts on Namibia’s economy, job creation, rural development but also on the flipside for the relevant ecosystems. ReconAfrica (a Canadian / Namibian company), holds a 90% interest as mandated by Namibian law, in a petroleum exploration licence in the Northeast of Namibia. The proposed exploration drilling sites are in located in blocks 1819 and 1820 in the Kavango basin centred on Ncaute, 55 Km south of Rundu. The exploration license covers the entire Kavango sedimentary basin an area of approximately 25,341.33 sq. km (6.3 million acres). A thorough geological and geophysical data analysis of the area was conducted and concluded that the area reaches depths of up to 30,000 feet, under optimal conditions to preserve a thick interval of organic rich marine source rocks. The company (ReconAfrica) has obtained an Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from the Namibian authorities, thus permitting the company to drill two stratigraphic wells to gather data on the basin’s geology and confirm the presence of oil or gas at a future date. However, the environmental certificate does not allow for extensive mining yet.

ReconAfrica now hope through the exploratory efforts and exploration wells to confirm the presence of an active petroleum system in the Kavango Basin. The well-site for the first well (6-2) in the Kavango basin and the associated camp were completed, mid-December 2019. Drilling of the 6-2 well which should now have taken place since the first part of January 2021. Therefore, these exploration efforts in the currently considered pristine, untouched and highly biologically diverse area has raised many questions about the effects the drilling may have on the Okavango area and thus, are the gains to the country’s economy worth the possible land degradation and pollution to come from the exploration activities?

"maintenance of ecosystems, essential ecological processes and biological diversity of Namibia and utilization of living natural resources on a sustainable basis for the benefit of the Namibians, both present and future." Readings: http://www.lac.org.na/laws/2017/6344.pdf http://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/cbe_Media%20Release%20Reco n%20PEL%2073_September%202020%20(002).pdf https://reconafrica.com/operations/kavango-basin/ http://theeis.com/elibrary/sites/default/files/downloads/literature/APP_001 6%20EIA%20Report%20Report%20for%20Drilling%20in%20PEL%2073_Copy .pdf http://www.lac.org.na/index.php/projects/land-environment-developmentlead/oil-exploration/ https://www.energy-pedia.com/news/namibia/reconafrica-preparing-todrill-the-deep-kavango-basin-181525

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FEBRUARY, 2021

ROADS & TRANSPORT Namibia Improves Infrastructure of its Logistics Hub

s the years go by and Vision 2030 approaches, all economic sectors strive to ensure that they individually meet the goals stipulated for them by

this national objective. One of the sectors in constant movement is the transport sector – specifically the work towards the coastal Logistics Hub. In fact, Namibia had set to become a Regional Logistic Hub through its long-term Vision 2030, as always reported in the previous RDJ Briefing news & analysis on Namibian Ports Authority (NAMPORT)’s work. With the gradual increase in demand for freight, Namibia envisions its town of Walvis Bay to become a logistics hub for Southern Africa, while promoting new maritime access to serve the landlocked countries SADC, as lined up in the country’s Vision 2030. The recent progress in the sector include: 1. The rehabilitation and upgrading of the railway line between Walvis Bay and Arandis and 2. the new cold chain facility for freezing imported and exported food at the Port of Walvis Bay

Railway Line Rehabilitation and Upgrade With the aim of making the country a transport and logistics hub for Southern Africa, Namibian government, along with a loan from African Development Bank (AfDB), has funded the rehabilitation and upgrading of the railway line between Walvis Bay and Arandis at a rate of 56 and 44 percent each respectively. According to the local Minister of Works and Transport, the project, which will cover a total length of 107.5km, is expected to ease transportation to and from the country’s Atlantic coastal areas. Not being a small project, the construction period of the estimated N$1,029 billion project (about US$69.1 million) is expected to last for about 821 days and is already being executed by the China Gezhouba Group Corporation (CGGC).

Boosted Cold Chain Capacity The Namibian government has a policy to process fish on land which is still not implemented due to the absence of adequate on-site freezing capacity available. According to acting Managing Director of Walvis Bay National Cold Storage - Robert de Villiers, the existing cold storage facilities were not equipped to meet the country’s cold chain objectives, because of their small size which inhibits retrieving products from them much faster, especially after the new port at Walvis was officially inaugurated in August 2019. Another challenge that this poses on the fishing trade is that Namibia has to export fish to Brazil via Spain. To attend to these challenges and enhance its fisheries industry, Namibia is on a drive to boost its frozen food capacity at the Port of Walvis Bay with a new cold chain facility capable of storing 12 500 tonnes of exports and imports at a cost of about R400-million for its first phase. The facility will be cantered on fish at 75% with some potential in dates and meat exports, and chicken imports. The new development that is situated about three kilometres from the international airport west of Walvis Bay will be 54 000 square meters in total and will be focused on “first-world efficiencies”, making Namibia more competent, according to De Villiers. Furthermore, it is anticipated that construction work on the facility’s first phase is expected to take 18 months, and this will be followed by the other phases where the facility capacity would be revamped to a further 15 000 tonnes and then 25 000 tonnes, respectively.

Readings: https://www.namport.com.na/news/900/Walvis-Bay-boosts-cold-chaincapacity-with-new-storage-facility/ https://southerntimesafrica.com/site/news/nam-advances-regionallogistics-hub-dream https://www.freightnews.co.za/article/walvis-bay-boosts-coldchain-capacity-new-storage-facility

Credit: RDJ Photo

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22 FEBRUARY, 2021

Rain in Namibia, a Blessing or not? A Review of the Flood Impact on Local Road Infrastructure

espite being renowned as having the best road infrastructure in Africa, Namibia’s roads often face severe damages during most rainy seasons.

Road Infrastructure With a new score of 5.30 in 2019, which is an increase from the previous score of 5.10 in 2018, the World Economic Forum’s (WEF), though its Quality of Road Infrastructure Report for 2019, has once again recognised Namibia for having the best road infrastructure in the continent. This score, attributed to the continued maintenance of existing roads, completion of new roads and the ongoing execution of major roads projects, puts Namibia in the same category with Finland, Germany, Malaysia and Sweden, while outperforming South Africa, Rwanda and many others.

Heavy Rains and Road Damage In fact, with the absence of heavy rains, as experienced over the past few years, Namibia’s roads continue blameless. However, the presence of rain in Namibia has not always been favourable to many of its road infrastructure. During rainy seasons, many roads become unusable, forcing people to use alternative routes to reach several destinations. This can be observed especially during the current rainy season. After receiving heavy rains that led to flooding, several roads in the Southern part of the country got damaged. The Roads Authority (RA) then had to find alternative routes which would enable residents to move as follows: TRAVELLING FROM

NEW ROUTE

Aroab to Keetmanshoop

Main Road 25 (MR125)/C11 south of Aroab; proceed to Main Road 26 (MR26) and the B1 to Keetmanshoop.

Koës to Keetmanshoop

Koës to Mariental

Other than the tabulated routes, the RA informs that alternative gravel roads are accessible, however motorists using them need to be extra careful as there are washaways under repairs, and hence they need to adhere to warning signs installed on them at all times. RA also reports that an approximate 815 km of roads in the south is either damaged or cordoned off. Due to the ongoing rain and flooding, the RA is unable to determine the extent of the damage, therefore all road users are urged to be extra vigilant as there could be damage to roads which the authority is not aware of yet, and this can only be determined once it stops raining.

Heavy Rains and Railway Roads Damage Apart from the damage caused to road infrastructure, heavy rains have also halted many railway lines especially in the northern part of the country, leaving some unusable for the moment. For this reason, TransNamib, the railway local state-owned enterprise reported to have suspended all its passenger services due to the flooding which halted its ability to transport freight. In records, the heavy rains damaged the railway line that runs from Ariamsvlei to Keetmanshoop, as well as the railway from Keetmanshoop to Mariental. Meanwhile, wash-aways also occurred on the rail between Gawachab and Naute stations; Seeheim and Aus; Goageb and Bucholzbrunn station; and finally, between Brukkaros and Asab. Like the RA, TransNamib is currently unable to estimate the extent of the damage since the rainfall is still ongoing. The railway enterprise reports to be busy inspecting and assessing the extent of the damage and is continuously monitoring the situation, in order to provide a true reflection of the impact to the company's revenue once the rain subsides and all factors have been taken into consideration.

District Road 614/C11 south of Koës; proceed to Main Road 25, Main Road 26 and B1 to Keetmanshoop. Main Road 30/C17 north of Koës; proceed to Main Road 33/C15 via Gochas up to Stampriet; and proceed to TR 5/1 to Mariental.

Bereba to Keetmanshoop

Main Road 98 east of Berseba; and proceed to the B1 to Keetmanshoop.

Oranjemund and Rosh Pinah to Aussenkehr or Noordoewer

Use the tarred roads via Aus, Keetmanshoop and Grünau.

Readings: www.ra.org.na World Economic Forum 2019 Quality of Road Infrastructure Report https://www.namibiansun.com/news/alternative-routes-announced202101-11

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FEBRUARY, 2021

Air Travel Can We?

s we pointed out in our December 2020 edition, national airlines globally, since March 2020 have seen suppressed or even decimated passenger numbers. It takes no genius or specialist training to understand that if your reason for business is reduced or ceases to exist, then the business follows a similar pattern. Air Namibia as we also indicated in that edition, is not immune from the business phenomena and reality.

Air Namibia has over the years stated that its mandate from its shareholder, the Government of the Republic of Namibia (GRN) got it to be focused on “attracting and promoting” tourism, as well as “promotion and facilitation” of trade. This mandate we agree is clear in intent, but business principles are severely lacking. Evidence of this failure to follow business principles were apparent over the years to make out annual financial statements and to present them before annual general meetings and a failure to utilize professionals in key decision-making positions. Painfully, the government (GRN), has now taken as shareholder, a decision to allow liquidation of the airline as outlined in the Media Statement issued by the Ministry of Finance (11 February 2021).

The history of Air Namibia is well known, and government can no longer carry this burden given Air Namibia’s soaring debts. Ministry of Finance (11 February 2021).

This reminds me of the “Save the Rhino” campaign. Namibia needs to reach a national consensus as to what is important and how can it be supported. Many questions are now swirling around such as: Why the airline could not have been better run? Was a “National Airline” sustainable in any form? Could there have been a better option than liquidation? How much will all this cost? How could national pride mean so little? What now for the employees? (many of whom worked their whole lives for Air Namibia) Aviation Week has quoted U.S. Airline execs to be optimistic that 2021 will be the turning point for air travel but the reality at the time of publication is that a number of countries have blocked international travel. The impacts of these lockdowns are now pinned on an effective vaccine being found and effectively rolled out to all. Can Air Namibia in any form still be saved!

Sand mining in Namibia Credit: RDJ Photo

Credit: RDJ Consulting

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24 FEBRUARY, 2021

ICT & TELECOMMUNICATIONS MTC Opens its Doors to New Shareholders

MTC Boosts Consumer Data Protection

fter so many years of wholly owning the Mobile Telecommunications Company (MTC) through Namibia Post and Telecom Holdings (NPTH) the

Namibian government, with a zeal to broaden the company's shareholder base and enable the Namibian public to participate in the company's equity growth, has decided to sale some of its shares to the public. Plans of listing MTC started in 2019 but were interrupted by the outbreak of the Coronavirus. In fact, the mobile giant’s market share stands around 91% of the Namibian Telecommunication Industry. The Minister of Public Enterprises – Leon Jooste reported that MTC will list part of its shares on the Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) as of October, 2021 although they have been given a grace period till September, 2022. This was also confirmed in MTC’s financial performance report for the year ended 2019/2020. The selling of shares to the public means 2020 was the last year of the government enjoying the significant profits made from MTC, therefore whoever decides to invest in MTC will then finally partake in the revenue directly. Before NPTH took over ownership of MTC between 2017 and 2018, MTC’s profits were shared between the Namibian government and some European investors only. As of September 2020, MTC which has been in existence for 26 years, reached a milestone of 2.6 million active customers with a revenue of N$2.6 billion.

TC Namibia launches the MTC Verifi, a digital registry. Since transactions are more digital now, customers are more susceptible to identity

theft, and other online crimes. MTC has made the decision to use Biometrics and AI Technology to increase the protection of consumer data. Initially MTC would ask customers for identification documents like a Namibian ID, Driver License, or Passport if you are not Namibian, but now, customers can voluntarily provide their other information through the Verifi customer app. Once a customer has provided their information, “they will no longer need to go through the current required identification process of presenting your ID card and police declaration before you do a sim replacement, open a contract with us or any other transaction which requires identification.” Said Melvin Angula MTC’s Chief Commercial Officer. At the moment, customers can sign up for Verifi at the following Mobile Homes: Windhoek at Wernhill, Maerua mall, and Grove mall; Walvis Bay at Dunes mall; and Swakopmund at Platz Am Meer.

Readings: https://www.mtc.com.na/pressreleases/article/377 `https://www.biztechafrica.com/article/mtc-introducesbiometrics-and-ai-protect-consumer-/16382/

Over the last decade MTC has given out an accumulated N$6 345 billion dividends to shareholders. Reaching December, 2019 the mobile company gave out ordinary dividend and special dividend of N$211 million and N$400 respectively. In June 2020 the ordinary dividend paid was N$366.8 million. With the growing demand for data services due to the intense current online working and studying methods, Namibian citizens are highly encouraged to buy shares in the mobile company and improve their livelihoods.

Readings: https://www.namibian.com.na https://www.telecompaper.com

Credit: https://www.precisesystems.com/industries/telecommunications/

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FEBRUARY, 2021

Green Enterprise Solutions Launches Two Weeks Training

reen Enterprise Solutions, a local ICT company has hosted a two-week training session for 25 tertiary institute students, with the aim of giving them real-world experience to add to their theoretical knowledge.

During the week-long induction session, Green Enterprise Solutions’ Managing Director stressed a lot on the importance of the Namibian company to actively participate in this programme, reasoning that if not, the country may lack adequate resources to contribute to the development of Namibia with bespoke ICT solutions. According to him, the realization of this programme is set to greatly contribute to the further development of Namibia as a knowledge-based society.

For over ten years Green Enterprise Solutions has been taking in students from the University of Namibia, The Namibian University of Science and Technology, Lingua College, and International University of Management, for internship programmes. The duration of the internship is normally between three to six months or longer, depending on the internship guide and requirements as well as performance of the interns themselves. This programme usually allow students to put their theoretical knowledge into practice.

Readings: https://economist.com.na/58767/education/green-enterprise-solutionsinducts-25-students-to-build-ict-knowledge-for-the-next-generation-ofprofessionals/

Sand mining in Namibia Credit: RDJ Photo

RDJ Training on Microsoft Excel Credit: RDJ Consulting

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26 FEBRUARY, 2021

YOUTH IN ACTION Interview with Mr. Valde Leonard Interviewed by Ms. Kina Indongo (Communications Contributor - RDJ Consulting)

his month we had the honour of speaking to Mr. Valde Leonard, a young visionary bringing home grown authentic native food to the national spotlight.

Personal Journey Mr. Leonard went to primary school in Aus, a settlement in the ǁKaras Region of southern Namibia. He then went on to complete his secondary school education in Keetmanshoop. Finally completing his tertiary education at the University of Namibia where he studied as a para veterinarian or simply a veterinary nurse. Mr. Leonard is a veterinary nurse/para veterinarian by profession, he spent a year and eight months in the vet industry before turning his focus to VNA Native Foods full time.

VNA Native Foods VNA Native Foods is a business that aims to professionally package and distribute Namibian Native foods. VNA Native Foods first became a concept in 2017, one year after the founder - Mr. Leonard left University. The business was created with the aim of adding value to indigenous Namibian food, and empowering native Namibians. Mr. Leonard was inspired to pursue the business when he noticed that supermarkets in Namibia did not sell indigenous Namibian food. Additionally, his entrepreneurial background helped him realize his dream. He said that "my mother sells traditional brews, and I was involved in her business since childhood.”. Mr. Leonard says his drive is motivated by his strong

desire to help others and himself escape the cycle of poverty as his company employs and empowers rural women. “My company has started a first of its kind project www.rdjconsulting.co.za

whereby we acquire our spinach on a contract harvesting and farming system from rural women all over Namibia” said Mr. Leonard.

FEBRUARY, 2021

Challenges As we know no great journey is without great sacrifice. Some of the challenges Mr. Leonard has faced in his pursuit as a young entrepreneur, was breaking into the industry, as finding the shelf space in established supermarkets was increasingly difficult. Additionally, a lack of financial aid was a great challenge. Mr. Leonard’s desire is that local commercial banks provide more financial support to fund Namibian

start-up entrepreneurs in their pursuit to self-employment and development. Despite his struggles, Mr. Leonard had the opportunity to realize one of his childhood dreams of being his own boss, “and do things according to how I believe they should be done. Therefore I can say that my current position is one of my biggest personal achievements” Said Mr. Leonard. “I believe VNA Native Foods will become the go to brand for all Namibian and African food lovers” He added.

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Conclusion In conclusion Mr. Leonard encourages young entrepreneurs to Believe in Jesus Christ, and to be dedicated to one goal. He adds that youth need to focus and “Stop being a jack of all trade and a master of none.” He advises the youth to work extremely hard, be innovative but above all, let the Holy Spirit be your guide.

28 FEBRUARY, 2021

TENDERS

CAREERS

MEAT CORPORATION OF NAMIBIA Description: Expression of Interest for Consulting Services of the Ohangwena 2 Wellfield Bid Closing Date: 22/ 01/ 2021 @ 11:00 Description: Meat Corporation of Namibia (Meatco) hereby invites suitably qualified and experienced service providers for the following: Suppliers prequalification. Specifications: Goods: - Supply of MDM products (chicken skin, chicken breast, beef body fat and beef hearts); - Supply of animal fodder (maize bran, wheat bran, molasses and beef concentrate) Bid closing date: 05 March 2021 DUNDEE PRECIOUS METALS TSUMEB Description: Dundee Precious Metals Tsumeb hereby invites Expressions of Interest from renewable energy Independent Power Producers (IPPs) for the provision of electricity to our smelting and ancillary plants, to complement supply from NamPower. Bid closing date: 03 March 2021

NAMWATER Description: Namibia Water Corporation Limited (NamWater) is inviting registered and reputable firms to submit bids for the following: Supply and installation of a liner for the Bethanie Pilot Desalination Plant, Brine Evaporation Ponds in the //Karas Region. Bid closing date: 02 March 2021 Description: Namibia Water Corporation Limited (NamWater) is inviting registered and reputable firms to submit bids for the following: Supply and delivery of motor/feeder protection relays for water supply schemes. Closing date: 02 March 2021 NAMPORT Description: Bids are hereby invited for the following: Supply, delivery and commissioning of one (1) Rubber Tyred Gantry (RTG) crane at the Port of Walvis Bay. Bid closing date: 03 March 2021 NAMPOWER Description: NamPower invites you to submit your quotation for the following: Supply, delivery, installation and commissioning of a 675 kg or 9 person passenger lift at Van Eck Power Station. Bid closing date: 04 March 2021

ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENT FUND - EIF Position: Project Accountant Location: Windhoek, Namibia Closing Date: 26/02/2021

NAMPOWER Position: Electricity Market Analyst Location: Windhoek, Namibia Closing Date: 26/02/2021

CORRIDOR LOGISTICS Position: Charcoal Driver Location: Windhoek, Namibia Closing Date: 28/02/2021

FEBRUARY, 2021

CONRIBUTING AUTHORS

David Jarrett (Managing Consultant) RDJ Consulting Services CC Chilombo Olga Priscila (Operations Manager) RDJ Consulting Services CC Misozi Mugala (Research Contributor) RDJ Consulting Services CC Kina Indongo (Communications Contribiutor) RDJ Consulting Services CC Monique Jarrett (Environmental Biology intern) RDJ Consulting Services CC

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