RDJ Briefing - June 2021 by RDJ Briefing

ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY News & Analysis

JUNE, 2021

The Third Wave

The new Dilemma

The Briefing and Analysis of RDJ Consulting (NAMIBIA) Windhoek, Namibia

MANDATE

MINISTER Hon. Dr. Kalumbi Shangula VISION To be the leading quality health care and social services according to international set standards.

MISSION To provide integrated, affordable, accessible, equitable, quality health and social welfare services, are responsive to the need of the population.

CORE VALUES Professionalism Confidentiality Caring Integrity Accountability

The mandate of the MHSS is derived from the Namibian Constitution Article 95 where the state is required to maintain the welfare of the people by putting in place legislation that seek to provide health care of the people and also to ensure social welfare for the people including the weak vulnerable members of the society.

STRATEGIC PILLARS Talent Management Communication and Stakeholder Engagement Infrustructure and Resource Management Effective Governance People's well-being

CONTACTS Ministerial Building, Harvey Street, Private Bag 13198, Windhoek, Namibia Telephone: +264 61 203 9111 Web: www.mhss.gov.na

News & Analysis

From The Editor Quick Facts Economy at Large Oil & Gas Mining Electricity Water The Environment Roads & Transport ICT & Telecommunications COVID Update Women In Industry Youth In Action Tenders and Careers Contributing Authors

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C O N T EN T S

ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY

JUNE 2021

FROM THE EDITOR RDJ Consulting Services CC is an advisory consultancy to the Energy, Water and Transport Sectors with a focus on sustainable operations and renewable energy.

PO Box 23738 Windhoek, NAMIBIA Telephone +264 61 400 171

EMAIL briefing@rdjconsulting.co.za WEBSITE www.rdjconsulting.co.za

THE THIRD WAVE

The new Dilemma Dear Reader,

Welcome to our June 2021 edition! After more than a year of the world coming to grips and combating against Covid-19, there has been general expectation that things would improve given time and that the enemy was known. However, it is not the case! The variants have come and left scientists with new challenges, such as studying these variants and ensuring that vaccines can combat them. So now Namibia and Southern Africa faces the “Third Wave” which has left us and the world economy in a dilemma, as businesses keep having to adjust with to the changing times with little progress. To contain the further spread of the virus, the government of Namibia has received batches of vaccines for its people since March 2021, just as the rest of the world has been doing. To date, Namibia has administered first dose of Covid immunizations for some 104 530 (as at 21 June, 2021) of which about 19 930 have are fully vaccinated. Namibia has released its latest pipeline of projects through the 6th Annual Public Private Partnership (PPP) conference that now seeks “to engender an economic recovery plan by the

Namibian Government and are thus a key priority under Economic Advancement Pillar of The Harambee Prosperity Plan II”. This however comes at a time when airlines have restricted access and Namibia is now on “red lists” limiting our beneficiation of the northern hemisphere “summer”. So here we are, pushing for a new “new normal”. For more insight on this topic, please continue to enjoy reading this Briefing and do join our conversations on Twitter and Wordpress. If you are new to the RDJ Briefing, subscribe to this FREE Publication at briefing@rdjconsulting.co.za and freely share the link with others that will benefit from its contents. Enjoy, #Stay Safe and note that your comments are always welcome….….

(David A. Jarrett) Editor

Authors RDJ Interns*

This report is a FREE Publication and was prepared by RDJ Consulting Services CC based in Windhoek, Namibia. The content is collected from publicly available information and so its accuracy cannot be guaranteed.

quick facts 2.3M

Population Size

66.6%

LTE

Telecom (sophistication)

2.575

Million Mobile(cell phones) Subscribers

Employment

Tourism, Mining, Fishing Industries

-1.1%

GDP Growth (2019)

7.50%

Prime Interest rate

89%

Literacy Rate

8.8M

Water availability (cubic litres/capita)

484.000

Electricity Gen. in MW (Local)

629.000

Electricity Demand in MW (all)

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3.80%

Inflation (CPI)

3.75% Repo Rate

JUNE, 2021

ECONOMY AT LARGE Namibia’s June 2021 Repurchase Rate Remains Unchanged

Credit: www.bon.com.na

n the 15th of June 2021, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Bank of Namibia (BoN) had their bi-monthly meeting and decided to keep

the Repurchase (Repo) rate at 3.75%. The MPC made this decision after a thorough analysis of the global, regional and local economic and financial conditions. In a statement published on 16 June 2021, it was explained that the current repo rate is working well in supporting the weak economy while maintaining the peg with the South African Rand. During the first five months of 2021, Namibia’s economic activities have remained low. The major economic activity yet seen occurred in the Telecommunications and Retail & Wholesale sector, while major sectors, like Tourism, Agriculture, Mining, Manufacturing, Construction, Transport and Storage have done little or no activities due to the impact of the coronavirus (Covid-19).

Because of an increase in food and housing inflation, the annual average inflation in the first 5 months of 2021 increased from 2.1% (2020 corresponding months) to 3.2% in 2021. The stock of international reserves as at 31st May, 2021 stood at N$39 billion, which is N$4.3 billion higher than the stock of international reserves on the 31st March, 2021 (stood at N$34.7 billion). The increase can somewhat be owed to the SACU receipts and to the funding from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which part of the Rapid financing Instrument (RFI).

Readings: https://www.bon.com.na/CMSTemplates/Bon/Files/bon.com.na/39/ 399c7fee-f20d-46d8-937e-fe3c2e10a307.pdf https://www.nbc.na/news/bon-keeps-repo-rate-unchanged375.46268 https://economist.com.na/62174/markets/repo-rate-keptunchanged-at-3-75/ https://www.namibian.com.na/102609/read/Central-bank-keepsrepo-rate-as-is

GIZ Donates new Trading Stalls to Informal Settlement (Otjomuise) With a zeal to address the pressing issue of increased demand for trading areas in informal settlements by small businesses, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) donated 30 mobile trading stalls to the Windhoek Municipality. The donation which is valued at about N$420,000 has so far been given to venders at Erf 153 Otjomuise, since Erven 153 and 154 are so far the only approved

trading sites at Otjomuise and the adjacent areas where traders are allowed to sell a variety of products. In doing this, GIZ hopes that the donation will help to improve hygiene of the areas and also make it easy for trade to be carried out in a more organized manner.

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JUNE, 2021

Construction Industry Increases Minimum Wage

ith the aim of bettering the livelihoods of their members, the Construction Industries Federation (CIF) and the Metal and Allied Namibian Workers Union (MANWU) in May 2021 agreed on increasing the minimum wage for the construction industry from N$16.94 to N$17.38. A minimum wage can be defined as the amount of remuneration an employer is required to give a wage earner for the work done during a given period which cannot be reduced by collective agreement or an individual contract. According to Justina Jonas-Emvula, the secretary-general of MANWU, the arrangement anticipates declaration by Utoni Nujoma, the Minister of Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Creation. The agreement stipulates the minimum wage requirements and employment conditions in Namibia’s construction industry, once promulgation has taken place. Of relevance to the industry will then be the adjustment to the minimum wages payable, which are to be increased by 2.6% for the first year after promulgation and by a further 2.6% after the second year of promulgation. He also added that the organizations are hoping for the conditions of their area of work to change, with an intense spotlight on getting more work for neighbourhood workers for hire.

Readings: https://economist.com.na/61786/general-news/construction-industrysets-minimum-wage/

Minimum Wage Policy Guide: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/--travail/documents/genericdocument/wcms_508526.pdf

Credit: www.ilo.org

Sustainability Bond Launched for Namibia and Southern Africa

hen we talk of Covid-19, what comes to mind is its negative impacts, however, there is saying that goes 'every cloud has a silver lining', hence the presence of Covid has brought about innovative ideas to existence among societies. On the 2nd of June 2021, Bank Windhoek launched Namibia and Southern Africa’s first ever Sustainability Bond worth of N$227 million through private placewith which the Bank acquired elective wellsprings of subsidizing projects. Sustainability bonds are a mixture of both green and social bonds. They are expected to provide environmental and social benefits for the identified target population, as is the case for green and social bonds. Sustainability bonds can be used to partially or fully (re)finance new and/or existing projects. Education and sustainability research, modernization of education and public health facilities are among the many ways the proceeds are used. Bank Windhoek’s Managing Director, Baronice Hans, said both the Green and Sustainability Bond issuances are milestones, for not only Bank Windhoek and Capricorn Group but also Namibia as a nation. According to Bank Windhoek’s Chief Treasurer, Claire Hobbs along with established Green Bonds, Sustainability Bonds promote positive change in society and the environment, and provide investors with a means of aligning their asset allocations with sustainability objectives in a meaningful way. Projects eligible for funding include those focused on renewable energy, energy efficiency, green buildings, sustainable waste management and a focus on sustainable agriculture and tourism, and investments into quality, accessible and innovative healthcare and education facilities.

Readings: https://economist.com.na/61891/markets/bank-windhoekssustainability-bond-raises-n227-million-through-privateplacement/ https://www.icmagroup.org/sustainable-finance/the-principlesguidelines-and-handbooks/sustainability-bond-guidelines-sbg/ https://www.nnip.com/it-IT/advisor/insights/articles/social-andsustainability-bonds-riding-the-wake-of-the-green-bond-market https://www.namibiansun.com/news/first-sustainability-bondlaunched2021-06-07/

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AUGUST, 2020

OIL & GAS

2021 JUNE FUEL PRICES

N$ 13.15 per litre 95 Octane Unleaded Petrol

N$ 13.18 per litre Diesel 50ppm

JUNE, 2021

MINING Can Vedanta Enable Namibia to Become Africa’s Leading SHG Zinc Exporter?

successful refinery conversion project will turn Namibia into a net exporter of zinc metal. Photo Nampa/Reuters

fter being in under care and maintenance since May 2020, Vedanta Zinc International (VZI) went against the odds in this era by planning to reopen

Skorpion Zinc with an addition of a new technology and potentially make Namibia a Zinc supplier. Vedanta Zinc International (VZI), an auxiliary of Londonrecorded Vedanta Resources and the proprietor of the Skorpion Zinc which is located near to Rosh Pinah, explained that its "sped up center" is as of now on the undertaking, which will empower co-treatment of the two sulfides and oxides to deliver refined metal. The project, which is to cost N$6.5 billion is called Namzinc Refinery Conversion and will bring about Namibia being the only country in Africa to deliver refined Special High Grade (SHG) Zinc, making the country a net exporter of Zinc metal. It was further explained that Namzinc would employ about 2000 people and produce about 150KT per year for now before expanding to 300KT per year upon introduction of the latest technology and required modifications and additions to existing processing plant. Notable work has been placed into the task including the finish of the bankable attainability study.

The statement went on to explain that once the development is done, the Refinery is to process the zinc concentrate from Gamsberg South Africa, which will add value to Namibia, and export the refined product to South Africa, other SADC countries and beyond. This act is expected to potentially benefit other local zinc mines as well. Additionally, Skorpion Zinc also intends to produce sulphuric acid, that may be available for local and export markets. To achieve all this, the project relies mainly on the availability and affordability of power, and hence, VZI is currently in discussions with government and other key stakeholders to ensure the availability of power at affordable rates. Meanwhile, VZI enrolled the administrations of geotechnical specialists, SRK Consultants, to do a feasibility study of mining the remaining ore safely.

Readings: https://economist.com.na/61749/mining-energy/vedanta-zincinternational-to-invest-n6-5-billion-in-local-zinc-refinery-project/ https://www.namibiansun.com/news/billions-to-revive-skorpionzinc2021-05-31/ https://www.vedanta-zincinternational.com/news-andmedia/announcements/2020/176-vedanta-zinc-internationalupdate-on-status-of-skorpion-zinc

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JUNE, 2021

Namibia Diamond Industry Pledge to Support Covid Vaccination Campaign As Diamonds continue to make the world of the elite sparkle, members of the industry behind it continue lending a helping hand to the people of Namibia. On June 4, 2021, the DeBeers Group, Namdeb, Debmarine Namibia and Namibia Diamond Trading Company (NDTC) made a joint pledge of N$26 million

towards the fight against Covid-19. It was explained that the donation, which will be a contribution of N $13 million by De Beers Group and the remaining N $13 by the other three (3) companies, would be made of actual financial support and a variety of incentives to help the roll out of the vaccination campaign.

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JUNE, 2021

ELECTRICITY Mozambique to Increase its Electricity Sources

Image of a Thermal Power Plant design - for illutration purposes only. Credit:.elgaelectric.net

espite the Covid-19 making it hard for most activities to be carried out globally, Mozambique went against the odds and still took a positive step by starting the construction of the gas-to-power plant and transmission line as planned for the second quarter. The project which is called “Tamene Thermal Power Plant” is situated at Inhambane in the Southern Province of Mozambique, and is expected to cost US$ 1 billion. Funding for this project will come from the World Bank, United States, Norway, African Development Bank (AfDB), Islamic Bank and the OPEC Fund for International Development. When completed, the plant will have a capacity of 450 megawatts. According to H.E. Mr. Filipe Nyusi - the President of Mozambique, this project is in line with the government’s version of more than 10 million Mozambica-

-ns to have electricity in their dwellings by 2024. This means that access to electricity will rise from 34% to 64% of the population.

READINGS: https://www.namibiansun.com/news/mozambique-launchespower-plant-construction-2021-06-02/ https://www.reuters.com/article/mozambique-powerstationidINL5N2NI3US https://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-constructionof-temane-power-plant-to-start-h2-2021-pm-186450/ https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/mozam bique-launches-construction-of-1-bln-power-plant-transmissionline/83134267 https://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/mozambique-launchesconstruction-of-1-billion-power-plant-transmission-line-496f1a1489eb-4b08-924c85cc61d0cf69#:~:text=Maputo%20%2D%20Mozambique%20on%20 Monday%20began,aims%20to%20boost%20energy%20supply.&tex t=Upon%20completion%2C%20the%20gas%2Dto,a%20capacity%2 0of%20450%20megawatts

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Electrici ty can tr ansform people's l ives, not economic just ally but also socially. Piyush G oyal

JUNE, 2021

WATER Namibia Dam Levels Update June 2021

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Graph: Data sourced from the NamWater weekly dam bulletin dated: 21 June 2021 Image of the Goreangab Dam in Windhoek: Credit - RDJ Photo

JUNE, 2021

KFW Funds Gammams Wastewater Treatment Plant Renovation and Upgrade

Credit: RDJ Photo

n May, 2021 the Windhoek Municipality, on behalf of the Namibia government received a grant from Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KFW), a development

Bank based in Germany. The grant which is nonrefundable is worth N$10 million and will be used to renovate and upgrade the Gammams Wastewater Treatment Plant which situated near Goreangab Dam. Constructed in 1961 and operational since 1968, the Gammams Wastewater Treatment Plant was the first in the world to recycle wastewater into potable water, and it has also been the major source of water for the Windhoek population. The plant was originally built to hold around 28,000 cubic meters (of Sewage) but due to an increased demand in

water, it has been holding between 32, 000 to 38, 000 cubic meters and sometimes at peak hours 41,000 cubic meters per day. According to the documents submitted to the municipality council, the funds will be used to hire experts for designing and implementing the work of expanding the plant so it can hold about 50, 000 cubic meters per day.

Readings: https://www.namibian.com.na/102111/read/Windhoek-gets-N$10million-grant-to-upgrade--water-system https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-12-15/recycling-sewagedrinking-water-no-big-deal-theyve-been-doing-it-namibia-50years#:~:text=The%20Goreangab%20water%20treatment%20plant ,such%20plant%20in%20the%20world.&text=On%20the%20outskir ts%20of%20Windhoek,vat%20of%20nasty%20brown%20liquid

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JUNE, 2021

THE ENVIRONMENT One Person’s Waste is Another Person’s Treasure AUTHOR: Monique Jarrett Environmentalist @ RDJ Consulting

olid waste is an unavoidable by-product of most human activity. With our rising global population, increasing rate of urbanisation and our every cities, our rate of production and consumerism is also increasing. Increasing competition between companies is driving down the prices of household appliances, tech devices, making them easily accessible, affordable, and sought after to the average person. Due to the affordability and accessibility of these products, they are also being disposed off more frequently, without even a second thought, breeding our throwaway culture. Solid waste generation is increasing at an even faster rate than the production of greenhouse gases yet there has only been high global focus on tackling plastic pollution, rather than the management of escalating solid waste in general. It is estimated by the World Bank Group that 2.01 Billion tonnes of municipal waste are generated annually globally, and 33% of that waste is often not managed correctly. It is stipulated that the globe’s generation of solid waste will grow to 3.4 billion tonnes by 2050. Of all the solid waste generated in Africa it is estimated that 70– 80% of the waste is recyclable, yet only 4% of MSW is currently recycled. Annually 380 million metric ton is produced globally of which only 20% is recycled and due to poor waste management across many countries has led to major ocean pollution as 3% of the globe’s annual solid waste ends up in the ocean. Managing the solid waste that is disposed of is of utmost importance to be able to have a source of resources that can be recycled or reused to make another product. There are a variety of ways in which solid waste is disposed of and managed. Effective solid waste management is even more enticing now with the increasing number of people looking into solid waste as a resource potential and is an amazing way to execute solid waste recycling management. When implemented correctly by businesses it can result in supply chain efficiency and reduce off-site waste disposal cost. Effective solid waste management can also be an income generation source leading to the creation of more jobs for effective solid waste collection, sorting, and recycling.

The circular economy looks at resource use, production, consumption, and waste on a large scale. This concept aims to close material loops by maintaining the value of products, materials, and resources in the economy for as long as possible. Many of the products disposed of can either be reused or recycled. Resource recovery is the process of using waste as an input material to create a value-added product. Currently the world is facing a shortage of materials and fossil fuels and with the growing environmental pollution concerns and the difficulty in managing the growing levels of solid waste globally, resource recovery is proving beneficial. Resource recovery slows down the need for new materials in the industrial process. Increased rates of reuse and recycling of products will lead to the decreased need for mining of natural resources as waste becomes the new renewable resource. A giant Mount Rushmore-style sculpture “Mount Recyclemore” made out of electronic waste depicting G7 leaders was constructed in Cornwall, UK ahead of the 47th G7 summit. The sculpture was built to raise awareness about the growing problem with electronics waste. Ewaste has become the world’s leading solid waste, growing much faster than other wastes. The metals, plastics, and other materials, recovered, reused, and recycled from E-waste can be used in the place of newly mined raw materials, greatly decreasing the need for the continued plundering of the earth’s non-renewable resources and thus reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The energy used to recover metals and plastics from ewaste is much less than the corresponding energy used for metal mining and refining or the manufacture of plastics. The greatest potential for resource recovery lies in postconsumer solid wastes, particularly municipal solid waste. There is a great goal globally for carbon neutrality also known as net-zero, but in order to achieve this there has to be a greater use of renewable resources for power generation such as solar and wind power plants. The construction of such massive power plants needed to meet our global demand of energy would mean more plundering of nature’s already depleted resources.

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JUNE, 2021

Credit: RDJ Photo

However, a solution to reduce the need for the continued mining and processing of these materials would be to recycle and reuse the materials from the waste around us, already available. A great deal of the responsibility lies with both the producers known as extended producer responsibility and the consumers when it comes to waste reduction, management, and resource recovery. There should be a push to force companies who use and produce a lot of plastic and other recyclable material in their products to have an active campaign to make sure that their products are either returned to them instead of being disposed of or are recycled. These companies should also use mostly recycled material or waste material to manufacture new products. Consumers also have the power and responsibility and should take action into their own hands by choosing more sustainable products. This will persuade companies to implement more sustainable practices and use recycle materials and promote their consumers to recycle. Waste has now become one of our most valuable assets and is one of the many solutions to our dwindling and over exploited natural resources. Waste is now a vital resource as a source of materials. There needs to be a proper cycle of our resources from mining to its value addition and then put back into the cycle to start all over from the beginning. Resource recovery would greatly

reduce the amount of waste that we are globally dealing with and would make it easier for whatever waste is disposed of to be managed. All this can be achieved through modern policies and legislation and a solid waste management plan that is continually updated as new challenges arise and innovative solutions are developed. Thus, reducing the creation of long-term environmental and human health problems.

Readings: https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology2ndedition/chapter/ chapter-20-population-urbanization-and-the-environment/ https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/soli d-waste-management https://datatopics.worldbank.org/what-awaste/trends_in_solid_waste_management.html https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/30975/Afr ica_WMO_Poster.pdf https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution#citation http://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:1217985/FULLTEXT01.pdf https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/waste/intro https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2017.09.002 https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/g7-mountrushmore-cornwall-waste-b1863123.html https://www.icheme.org/media/12311/energy-centre-case-studymaterial-recovery-v60.pdf https://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/2019___wwf__ _epr_legal_framework_analysis_vf.pdf https://hbr.org/2019/07/the-elusive-green-consumer https://www.independent.co.uk/topic/mount-rushmore https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-57234610

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JUNE, 2021

SUSTAINABLE FISHING How can it be Achieved? AUTHOR: Monique Jarrett Environmentalist @ RDJ Consulting

n November 2020, the Namibian hake trawl and longline fishery became the first fishery in Namibia and second in Africa to be certified by the Marine Stewardship Council as a sustainable fishery. This was possible after having met all the global standards of sustainable fishing by rebuilding healthy hake stocks which were previously overfished, managing to minimise its impact on the environment and having an effective environmental management practices in place managed to secure this certification.

The Namibian fishing sector contributes an estimated N$5.2 billion in 2012, 3.5 percent to Namibia’s real GDP annually and is the third largest sector employing around 25 000 people in 2012. Fish ranks as one of the most highly traded food commodities and fuels a $362 billion global industry. Considering how much this sector contributes to the economy and livelihood, it is important to promote sustainable fishing practices, protect fish breeding habitats, maintain healthy stocks, and prevent overfishing.

SOURCE: RDJ Photo

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JUNE, 2021

However, even though as a country we are making strides to promote and practice more forms of sustainable fishing, globally we are facing an overfishing crisis. Overfishing results in the depletion of fishing stocks at a rate faster than they can replenish themselves and leads to a decline in species population and a decrease in the rate of production of that ecosystem. Over a third of global fish stocks are now fished beyond sustainable limits and continues to get worse. In 2018, the total global capture by fisheries reached the highest level ever recorded at 96.4 million tonnes,” an increase of 5.4% from the average between 2014-2017. In the past 40 years marine species have seen a decrease of nearly 50%.

incentivize further investment and lead to increased catches. The result of this is that fishing remaining profitable despite diminishing returns and dwindling fish.

Overfishing has now begun to affect the balance of our marine ecosystems, our oceans and the thousands of people who rely on fishing as a source of income and as a main source of protein in their diet. According to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) over 3.3 billion people globally obtain at least 20% of their daily protein consumption from fish and as the global population continues to rise there is an increasing amount of pressure being placed on our global fishing stocks. Between 1961 and 2016, the average annual increase in global food fish consumption (3.2%) outpaced population growth (1.6%).

As protectors of the environment, it is our responsibility to find a sustainable solution to this ever-growing problem. Effective management of fisheries allowing stocks to recover, removing fishing subsidies, finding innovative ways to decrease the rate of bycatch, and creating more marine protected zones are all vital in increasing population numbers and preserving marine ecosystems. Hopefully with these measures implemented, Namibia will be closer to achieving its goals associated with developing a sustainable and thriving blue economy and more fisheries globally will be able to achieve a sustainable fisheries certification like the one from by Marine Stewardship Council. Allowing us all to preserve this natural resource for current and future generations.

While the global consumption of fish has increased by 122% in the past 30 years, placing even more pressure on fisheries to keep up with the ever-growing demand, meaning that this industry is more than ever dependent of declining fish stocks. High demand for seafood continues to drive overexploitation and environmental degradation, intensifying the problem. This particular problem can be seen in many low-income countries where lack of regulations and enforcement have produced a massive decline in fish stocks. Without sustainable management, our fisheries face collapse which will inevitably lead to a food crisis. Two major issues that are contributing to the vast levels of overfishing globally are fishing subsidies and bycatch: Governments often subsidize the expenses of many fishing industries in order to promote continued fishing to ensure the continued supply of fish to meet the large demand even though it is unsustainable. These subsidies are used to incentivise fishing companies and fishermen, because without these subsidies the time and expense continue these large volumes of fish would be unprofitable. subsidies artificially increase profits,

Bycatch - the capture of unwanted sea life while fishing for a different species which is then discarded as waste is also a big contributor to the overfishing problem. Bycatch is also a serious environmental problem as it leads to the unnecessary death of billions of fish. 38.5 million tonnes of bycatch results from the practice each year. All of this being made worse by illegal catches and trades, represents 12-28% of fishing worldwide- around 11-26 million tonnes of fish.

Readings: https://www.msc.org/media-centre/press-releases/pressrelease/namibian-fishery-is-second-in-africa-to-be-certified-assustainable https://akademiya2063.org/publications/agrodep/EN/Working%20 papers/An%20Analysis%20of%20the%20Fishing%20Industry%20in %20Namibia%20%20The%20Structure%20Performance%20Challen ges%20and%20Prospects%20for%20Growth%20and%20Diversifica tion_2016_ENG.pdf https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/overfishing#:~:text=Fish%2 0ranks%20as%20one%20of,a%20major%20source%20of%20protei n. https://earth.org/facts-overfishing/ https://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/17/world/oceansreport/index.html http://www.fao.org/state-of-fisheries-aquaculture https://www.asianfisheriessociety.org/publication/downloadfile.p hp? id=1318&file=Y0dSbUx6QTBOREEwTnpNd01ERTJNRGc0T1RJMU9EY3 VjR1Jt#:~:text=Between%201961%20and%202016%2C%20the,in%2 02017%20from%209%20kg. https://www.we.com.na/news/the-heavy-toll-of-overfishing202102 04/#:~:text=Global%20consumption%20of%20seafood%20has,tren d%20continuing%20to%20worsen%20slightly. https://oceana.org/sites/default/files/Bycatch_Report_FINAL.pdf

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JUNE, 2021

ROADS TRANSPORT Kazungula Bridge now a Realty!

President Mnangagwa and his counterparts Presidents Edgar Lungu of Zambia, Felix Tshisekedi (DRC), Mokgweetsi Masisi (Botswana), Filipe Nyusi (Mozambique), Namibian Vice President Dr Nangolo Mbumba and Eswatini acting Prime Minister Senator Themba Masuku pose for a photo at the Kazungula Bridge.-Pictures: Presidential Photographer Joseph Nyadzayo

eeking to ease congestion at border crossings, and to also boost trade between themselves and neighbouring countries, Botswana and Zambia have finally inaugurated the much-awaited Kazungula Bridge on the 10th of May, 2021. Kazungula Bridge is a road and rail bridge over the Zambezi River between Zambia and Botswana at Kazungula. The inauguration was graced by six (6) presidents (Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) and a lot of other important dignitaries from the region. The project, which started in 2014, replaces the ferry and consists of a 923 metre road and a rail which links Mosetse-Kazungula in Botswana and KazungulaLivingstone in Zambia. Overall, a sum of US$259 million was used to complete the project which was funded by the African Development Bank (AFDB) and JICA. The bridge is vital to the whole of the SADC region, Africa and world at large because despite physically linking only Botswana and Zambia; Zimbabwe and Namibia also benefit from its existence due to borders shared with the directly benefiting countries. Additionally, the bridge also links Durban’s ports to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Tanzania through the North and South corridor. According to the President of DRC and the current African Union (AU) chairperson, H.E Felix Tshisekedi the construction of the Kazungula Bridge is in line with the AU’s initiative of regional economic integration to have a single African market as it now turns into a one border stop that will help link international markets through links with major seaports.

H.E Mr. Filipe Nyusi, the President of Mozambique and SADC chairperson also explained that the bridge will not only benefit Botswana and Zambia but the whole of SADC and also remove boundaries and barriers among member countries. He also added that the kazungula Bridge will help reduce the congestion at Beit Bridge (one the busiest borders in Africa) which links South Africa and Zimbabwe. President Mokgweetsi Masisi of Botswana expressed his joy and pride of the completion of the bridge and explained that Botswana from the start saw the Kazungula Bridge as a centre for improved trade, creation of jobs and economic diversification across Africa. He also added that commodities from SADC and all over Africa will use the bridge in the literal ethos of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). He also added that Botswana, Zambia and now Zimbabwe are working on the final completion of the project.

READINGS: https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/kazungula-bridgeproject-expand-regional-integration-and-trade-across-southernafrica-43688 https://news.thevoicebw.com/2021/05/kazungula-bridge-opens/ https://www.namport.com.na/news/924/Kazungula-Bridge-Opens/ https://www.businesslive.co.za/fm/features/africa/2021-03-04kazungula-bridge-a-new-gateway-into-africa/ https://projectsportal.afdb.org/dataportal/VProject/show/P-Z1DB0-031 https://constructionreviewonline.com/projecttimelines/kazungula-bridge-project-timeline-and-all-you-need-toknow/ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/11/botswana-zambiaiconic-bridge-inaugurated-in-boon-for-the-region https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/11/botswana-zambiaiconic-bridge-inaugurated-in-boon-for-the-region

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JUNE, 2021

ICT & TELECOMMUNICATIONS First Capital Bank Launches Chatbot

Zimbabwe

Paying Municipality Bills Via FNB eWallet is now Possible!

he Namibian Business Innovation Institute (NBII) is collaborating with Glowdom and Eduix (Finland) in partnership with National Commission on Research, Science and Technology (NCRST), and the Southern Africa Innovation Support programme, has launched the Edupreneurs project in late March of this year. The project seeks to power EdTech infrastructure and education software development in southern Africa.

OVID-19 has disrupted the lives of the global populations. Many millions had to find new ways to do everyday things. One of those things people nded up doing differently was connecting with their bank.

With internet adoption standing at 26% in Sub-Saharan Africa at the end of 2019. The region accounts for almost half of the global population not covered by a mobile broadband network. Educational technology, both online and offline, is helping fill a need for more personalized, interactive educational experiences for students and teachers alike. The project is a digital business ecosystem that aims at solving challenges that have risen due to the lack of digital infrastructure and personnel with digital competencies, even more exacerbated due to the COVID19 pandemic. Members of the project are in the process of planning to formally launch the digital platform, as well as to host capacity-building workshops for the various stakeholders in the education space locally and regionally. The flexibility of an online program provides individuals with the opportunity to learn who may not have otherwise had the time to attend physical classes. When learning online, the individual can revisit past material and learn at a pace that best suits them. By successfully completing an online education course, the individual demonstrates that they can practice time management and are self-motivated, which are among the top 10 employability skills employers want to see in new hires.

FNB Head of Merchant Services and Fleet, Herman Kruger, announced a new offering that allows customers to pay their water and electricity bills with their FNB eWallet. “FNB Namibia customers can now pay their bills at municipalities and town councils all around the county using an eWallet. All customers have to do is dial *140*392# to access their eWallet, then select ‘Withdraw Cash’. They will then receive a One-Time PIN (OTP) and then give their cellphone number and OTP to the cashier – and the bill is paid” advised Kruger. Additionally, FNB customers can also make use of the many other ways to pay these bills, namely via cellphone banking, online banking, the FNB App and the FNB ATMs. The global pandemic has seen really strong adoption of new technology that normally takes a lot longer to happen. Owing to banks accelerating their plans to roll out new products. In many cases, a new innovation roll out which would have taken 2-years becomes a 6-month plan.

“The developed information systems must help make life easier for end users. New systems must be seen as useful tools rather than an extra burden to carry,” said the Minister of Basic Education, Arts and Culture. Credit: www.itweb.co.za

Readings: https://economist.com.na/61529/technology/edupreneurs-projectpowers-education-software-development/ https://www.gsma.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/MobileInternet-Connectivity-SSA-Fact-Sheet.pdf https://www.northeastern.edu/graduate/blog/benefits-of-onlinelearning/

Readings: https://economist.com.na/61871/technology/customers-can-nowpay-for-water-and-electricity-with-an-ewallet/ https://www.bankrate.com/banking/checking/benefits-of-mobilebanking/

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JUNE, 2021

COVID UPDATE Covid 19 & Vaccination Update for Namibia

Data sourced from the Ministry of Health and Social Sciences

hen Covid-19 was declared a global pandemic on 12 March 2020 by the world health Organization, restrictions whee put into place in order to contain the spread and fight the virus, hence Namibia and the world at large began adhering to the rules applicable to each area. As numbers of cases and Covid-19 related deaths increase, Namibia has gone back into lockdown which implied the closing down of places like schools, work environments and worldwide boundaries to contain the spread of the infection. When it comes to covid in Namibia, it is now quite worrisome, since the country has moved from being considered a “safe” place amidst the pandemic on 11 March 2020, with only 2 cases and Zero (0) deaths, to now being considered a “high risk zone” in June 2021 due to a sudden increase in the number of deaths and overall cases of 1179 and 75 766, respectively. Currently the only hope for things to stabilize seems to be the Covid vaccination. According to the Ministry of Health and Social Sciences, Namibia has so far administered 104 530 of the first dose of COVID immunizations as at 21 June, 2021, and about 19 930 have received both doses.

The vaccination rollout information is accounted for by the quantity of portions of Covid immunizations controlled, and not necessarily the number of individuals who have been inoculated. There are two types of vaccinations available in Namibia namely, Sinopharm (from China) and Astrazeneca (from the United Kingdom), and both doses require taking two portions. Several countries also have various timetables to convey the subsequent portions, and hence, the precise number of individuals that have received the two dosages is unknown for now.

Readings: https://www.medscape.com/answers/2500114-197402/how-did-the-coronavirusoutbreak-start https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/countries-andterritories/namibia/ https://www.afro.who.int/sites/default/files/2020-11/NAMIBIA%20COVID19%20SITREP%20NO.211.pdf https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/covid-4/coronavirus-namibia https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports https://www.afro.who.int/publications/namibia-covid-19-situation-reports-number-1211 https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19 https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance https://www.afro.who.int/sites/default/files/2020-04/SITREP%201.pdf https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-openingremarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 https://web.facebook.com/MoHSSNamibia/photos/pcb.766499450689727/766499354023 070

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JUNE, 2021

WOMEN IN INDUSTRY Women in Computer Science Interview with Ms. Josephina Muntuumo Interviewed by Ms. Kina Indongo (Communications Contributor - RDJ Consulting)

his June as the world’s dependence on Information and communication Technology continues to deepen, we are honoured to speak to Ms. Josephina Muntuumo, a woman on the forefront of the development of Computer Science in Namibia. Ms. Muntuumo is a full time Lecturer at the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST).

Personal Journey Ms. Muntuumo’s passion for her profession is evident in her tone when asked to describe her industry in a nutshell. “It’s like a glass slipper”, she passionately explains, face lighting up with excitement. “ After putting hours of effort and time into a particularly difficult program, to finally see it work! Piercing this field was like putting on a virtual glass slipper”. Among her prestigious and impressive list of accolades, she holds a Master’s Degree in Computer Science from The Namibian University of Science and Technology (NUST), a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science Degree from University of Namibia (UNAM) and is currently enrolling for a PhD in Computer Science. She is one of few certified Oracle trainers in the country. She has a strong background in system analysis and design, database systems, software and interactive video game implementation, cyber safety practices, human-computer interaction methodologies, and design thinking practices. She has also received world class training in Programming and Databases which

she undertook in Germany in 2016, with the aim of enhancing her technical skills. She has also received international scholarships and recognition from renowned bodies such as the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Her vast experience in IT consulting, community service and organising workshops makes her stand out from her peers as a powerful driver of innovation. She is also passionate about skill transfer, community development and technology. On a part time basis Ms. Muntuumo works as the Innovation manager for the development of a digital solution to tackle the issue of homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic. The project is funded by the UNDP Accelerator Lab and the www.rdjconsulting.co.za

data gathered is owned by the Ministry of Health and Social Services. She is also part of the team organising the NUST-MTC High School Game Jam Challenge whereby we are inviting learners to design their own mathematical games based on the Namibian curriculum and culture. This is one of our many initiatives to get learners interested in STEM fields. She has worked on numerous projects such as Africa HCI Education Taskforce, National Taskforce for Child Online Protection, Codebus Namibia, Designing a crime prevention intervention within the informal settlement. All these projects are aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Vision 2030.

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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic December 2020, she worked as Technical Lead for the Design and Development under the High Level and Research Task Force on COVID-19 (Epidemiology, and Forecasting thematic area) which resulted in the implementation of several mobile applications such as the patient diary mobile app, self reporting mobile app? health care workers portal dashboard and the contact tracing app. Last but not least, Ms Muntuumo is a co-founding member of the Namibia Women in Computing (NWiC) where she is currently serving as the WebMaster. Being somewhat of a visionary, she envisions a future where her work has, not only a national, but a global impact reaching across Africa and the world. Ultimately, these innovations can be utilised to address the current and impending crises that arise consequently as the world population grows. It is her hope that these innovations will also contribute to better health and psychosocial care of vulnerable groups. This aligns with targets provided by initiatives such as the ‘Leave No One Behind’ initiative, as well as NDP5 and SDGs. Her goal is to rebrand Africa by creating tech solutions that alter perceptions and create confidence in people upholding them.

Industry challenges Being a male dominated industry, climbing the career ladder for women technologists is a tough feat. Thanks to biases, different standards, and workplace cultures that marginalise women, the path to any significant achievement ( let alone the triumphs Ms. Muntuumo has achieved) is that much more difficult. Women often feel undermined in the workplace with men not having confidence in them till they prove themselves. Women also have to learn to speak up and remind themselves that they

deserve to be in this industry. Being a mother myself, Maternity bias poses a real problem especially in male dominated tech fields. Women often have to work harder to simply reclaim the same position and demand the same respect they had before being away from work. The challenges for working mothers have been exacerbated by the pandemic. The combination of an increase in parenting demands and maternal bias are tragically pushing women out of the workforce. In Namibia, there has been progress in overcoming these challenges. There has been a relative increase in the number of women in tech leadership positions. At NUST, the ratio of male and female graduates continues to equalise with the number of women graduating in Computing and Informatics is very close to their male counterparts. Four years ago, NUST recorded a high number of female graduates at 51% percent. Unfortunately, due to COVID19 crisis, all the progress we’ve seen over the past six years could be erased and the challenges that we face could escalate rapidly, especially for students. During the pandemic, female students in particular have been negatively impacted and are not given an equal opportunity to online learning, they are given so much responsibility at their houses that they cannot compete fairly with the boys. According to one study, 34% of men with children at home say they’ve received a promotion while working remotely during the pandemic while only 9% of women say the same. IT companies need to create a culture that is friendly and accommodating to parents of both genders during these difficult times. Kindly name any tech innovations that have excited you recently? The innovation I am currently in awe about is the Agricultural Drones such www.rdjconsulting.co.za

as the 'Flying Farmer' which is designed for pesticide treatment and weed detection. Since the latest outbreak of the locusts in Namibia, It has been a challenge to contain the situation with aerial spraying. It has been quite a challenge because of how the different communities are set up. The pesticides could be harmful to humans and animals. It would be great to explore what drones can do to fight this predicament. Does Namibia have sufficient targeted investments in women pursuing a qualification in Computer science? There are no women specific scholarships for women in Computer Science. Although there are a few bursaries out there provided mostly by the private sector, they are not targeted investments to women in Computer Science. We do have scholarships from developed countries targeted to women in developing countries, however, we need to provide awareness and support on how women can apply to increase their chances of acquiring such scholarships. I strongly believe by providing funding to women, it could be another way that could drive women to pursue tech careers from their earliest years to later in their careers.

Conclusion As parting words Ms. Muntuumo encourages other women to join the tech innovation societies and organisations. “I would like to encourage all Namibian Women and Girls to join the Women in computing society and become active members. Our idea is to motivate women to enter tech fields before they are starting high school and university. Providing more role models and active participation from mentors, men and women who have valuable lessons and experience to share, creates meaningful change.” Said Ms. Muntuumo

JUNE, 2021

YOUTH IN ACTION Interview with Ms. Charmaine Musheko Interviewed by Ms. Kina Indongo (Communications Contributor - RDJ Consulting)

his June we had the exciting opportunity to speak to Charmaine Musheko, an aspiring youth in the software engineering world.

Personal Journey Ms. Musheko studied with the Google Scholarship Program and Andela, where she did Android Development and is waiting to write her official certification. She had studied up to her third year at the University of Thailand, where she studied Mechatronics Engineering however, due to circumstances out of her control she couldn’t complete it. She does however plan to complete her studies but in Software Engineering this time, starting this June. Ms. Musheko is currently engaged in an internship at Green Enterprise Solutions as a Software Engineer specializing in Mobile App Development using Swift, Java, Python and Kotlin. With a special interest in Robotics(Mechatronics) which she intends to pursue within Green as well.

ICT Industry Some of the tech advancements that excite Ms. Musheko are cryptocurrency, AI and Machine Learning, life-like robots like Sophia, how apps are enhancing administration in occupational places and acting as a liaison just like Taxi Connect, virtual reality and augmented reality. “Honestly, there are quite a few that peak my interest. It'll take a while to mention them all”. Said Ms. Musheko. www.rdjconsulting.co.za

JUNE, 2021

On whether Namibia has targeted investments in youth and Women Ms. Musheko says “Well, I believe that Namibia is trying to get many women interested in tech, with programs like Pyladies, aimed at getting women interested in coding in python and other coding languages, there is definitely an agenda towards achieving this, however I believe that funding aimed for women is more of a global agenda than a local one, Namibia is still growing in terms of tech and innovation so the emphasis is on tech as a whole and not so much on just women.”

Challenges According to The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), only 19% of women reach executive levels in the ICT sector a statistic Ms. Musheko says she understands “within my studies and not my work environment cause it has been quite great and accommodating to women in ICT, there was prejudice that we as women can’t do a lot of things nor understand the work placed before us, that you would be better suited in a different field and that has put my self-esteem down quite a lot during my studies.” However, when she could no longer pursue her studies, she took every opportunity in the IT field and the most outstanding being the Google Scholarship, out of which she created her first app which made the top 100 in the program. Ms. Musheko says “From that point onwards the future was not as bleak as I thought it would be.”

studied computers and gadgets, and they became quite easy to use eventually.” Said Ms. Musheko. Ms. Musheko says her motivation is more of a passion honestly, “I push myself to achieve because the economy isn’t doing well and you could very easily end up without a job. The things I work on or innovate today, could very easily be someone’s job tomorrow or source of hope. Namibia in itself does not have many things being manufactured, I’d like to change the narrative for that. I also believe that my greatest source of strength is God, because without Him, the ability to believe in myself even when everything around me seems to be falling apart, wouldn’t be this obvious.” On her greatest personal accomplishment Ms. Musheko says creating an app that was chosen to be part of the top 100 in a program where thousands participated all over Africa, this app was an idea to allow the average Namibian to have something like metro card, that way less money exchanges during this pandemic which is also a safer option to carrying cash around, it may also be a means to saving, for those who see it that way.

Motivations and Accomplishment On what motivates her to pursue her goals “I’ve always loved tech, I loved the complexity of understanding gibberish if you could put it that way, since my High school days, I’ve www.rdjconsulting.co.za

Conclusion Drawing from her personal triumph Ms. Musheko relates her personal experience with set backs as her parting advice for other youths. “I really thought that without completing my degree, I wouldn’t get my dream job, I thought that I should just go and do something mediocre because I didn’t have the money to complete my studies nor do anything else, but I took an opportunity that not everyone would take seriously to build a small skill, I studied day in and out for 6 months to achieve this goal. This eventually got me a job where there is integrated learning which I am so thankful for because my skill set has definitely expanded. I believe that if you put your mind to it, you’ll definitely get past the obstacles in life and you won’t need much but God and a zeal for what you love. I also encourage the ladies to innovate, not a lot of people know this but many pioneers of programming are women, it is definitely our forte to push past what we believe to be difficult and try our best to reach the stars.”

JUNE, 2021

TENDERS NAMIBIA AIRPORTS COMPANY Description: Namibia Airports Company (NAC) hereby invites interested, qualified and experienced companies to submit bids for the following: Design, production and printing of the 2019/20, 2020/21 (two years) annual reports. Bid Closing Date: 07 July 2021 NAMIBIA AIRPORTS COMPANY Description: Namibia Airports Company (NAC) hereby invites interested, qualified and experienced companies to submit bids for the following: Cleaning Services at various airports and Head Office. Please confirm the closing date as two were published. Bid Closing Date: 08 July 2021 THE ROAD FUND ADMINISTRATION Description:The Road Fund Administration (RFA) invites suitably qualified, competent and experienced contractors to submit bids for the development of a threeyear communications and marketing strategy for the RFA. Bid closing date: 06 July 2021 OMAHEKE REGIONAL COUNCIL Description:Bids are hereby invited for the following services required by Omaheke Regional Council: Construction of pre-primary classrooms with ablution facility at Mphethuto Primary School. Bid closing date: 09 July 2021 MUNICIPALITY OF OMARURU Description:Supply and delivery of Pre-paid water meters Bid closing date: 29 July 2021 NANCI Description: Call for experts/ team of experts, to assist with Namibian GACP (Good Agricultural and Collection Practices) compilation and implementation Bid Closing Date: 06 Jul 2021

CAREERS NAMPOWER Description: Refurbishment of Acid Plant at Van Eck Power Station Closing date: 28 June 2021 at 11:00 Namibian Time Description: Procurement of a Contractor for the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) of the Anixas II Power Station Bid Closing Date: 31 Jul 2021 Description: Construction NamPower of Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV) at Farm Naris, Vleiveld B and Steynsdraai and Schlip Auction venue in Hardap Bid Closing Date: 03 Sep 2021 Description: Prequalification of Preferred Suppliers for the Transport of Steam Coal for Three (3) Years Bid Closing Date: 09 Jul 2021 Description: Request for Proposal for Consultation Services to facilitate the development of an IT Strategy aligned to NamPower's ISBP (Integrated Strategic Business Plan) Bid Closing Date: 09 Jul 2021 UNESCO Description: Call for Abstracts-Water and Climate change conferenceAccelerating Youth Action on climate change in Namibia Bid Closing Date: 15 Jul 2021 CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL INC. RESILIENT WATERS PROGRAM Description: Call for proposal-KAZA Livelihoods Diversification Strategy Bid Closing Date: 15 Jul 2021 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FORESTRY AND TOURISM Description: The provision of scoping services, environmental impact assessments, and environmental management plans for the nilaleg project Bid Closing Date: 30 June 2021

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PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE SUSTAINING TECHNICAL AND ANALYTIC RESOURCES (STAR) Position: Private Sector and Civil Society Engagement Advisor Closing Date: 31 Jul 2021 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Position: Consultant Closing Date: 7 Jul 2021 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Position: Finance Expert- Namibia Agricultural Development Fund Closing Date: 31 Jul 2021 SANTAM Position: Sales consultant Closing Date: 03 Jul 2021 CRAN Position: Head of Electronic Communications Closing Date: 14 Jul 2021 NAMDIA Position: Procurement Officer Closing Date: 30 June 2021 WESTAIR AVIATION Position 1: Procurement Manager Closing Date: 2 Jul 2021 Position 2: Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Closing Date: 30 Jul 2021 UNITRANS NAMIBIA Reference: Control Room operator Closing Date: 30 Jul 2021 POTENTIA RECRUITMENT AGENCY Position: O&L Leisure Closing Date: 28 June 2021

JUNE, 2021

CONRIBUTING AUTHORS

David Jarrett (Managing Consultant) RDJ Consulting Services CC Chilombo Olga Priscila (Operations Manager / Economist) RDJ Consulting Services CC Misozi Mugala (Research Contributor) RDJ Consulting Services CC Kina Indongo (Communications Contribiutor) RDJ Consulting Services CC Monique Jarrett (Environmental Biology intern) RDJ Consulting Services CC

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