A magazine by electricians, for electricians, produced by Electrical Training Australia
ISSUE THREE
Tesla vs Edison
Is Small Business Admin Giving You A Headache?
SAD Syndrome:
Plug-in Hybrid Cars vs Electric Cars
How It Can Affect Workers
CONTENTS 6
TESLA VERSUS EDISON:TWO GIANTS WHO CHANGED THE WORLD FOREVER
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SAD SYNDROME: HOW IT CAN AFFECT WORKERS
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PLUG-IN HYBRID CARS VS ELECTRIC CARS
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WIRING SYSTEMS NEAR BUILDING SURFACES
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TECH DETOX: THE BEST SPOTS IN AUSTRALIA TO UNPLUG AND UNWIND
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IS SMALL BUSINESS ADMIN GIVING YOU A HEADACHE?
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HOMEMADE HOT LUNCH ON THE GO
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Editor In Chief Advice on the issues surrounding wiring systems near building surfaces, Detoxing from technology in some of Australia’s most beautiful locations, and ,so much more! Whether you are starting out, an experienced electrician or running your own electrical contracting business, we have great info for you, to help you along the road that we’re all on, as highly skilled professionals with a complete focus on safety, getting the job done right and complying with the regulations.
Hi guys! Welcome to the third issue of Today’s Electrician magazine! We began this magazine just for you, as a tool and a resource to help you out on the job, as an employer and in your life in general. There are plenty of interesting articles for you to read in this issue, including: Tesla vs Edison: A look at these two technology giants who changed the world, Hybrid vs electric cars: We examine the pros and cons of the eco-friendly vehicle revolution,
This is really a magazine for electricians, by electricians. Send us your photos and stories and let us know what else you would like to see in our magazine. Go to todayselectricianmagazine.com. au/ shareyourstory and send it all in! We have a new issue every quarter so let’s jam pack it with stories and articles that are completely relevant to you and to all electricians around Australia and NZ. We hope you enjoy reading our magazine! Keep checking in to find out our new and updated information.
Alan and Tanya
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Tesla Edison: VERSUS
TWO GIANTS WHO CHANGED THE WORLD
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During the Industrial Age in the late 1800s two feuding geniuses waged a “War of Currents� over whose electrical system would power the world. Thomas Edison had patented a huge number of designs (more than 1,000), with the most well-known being the invention of the light bulb, the phonograph and the moving picture. Many people only really started learning anything about Nikola Tesla in recent years after Elon Musk named his company, Tesla Motors, after the Serbian-American inventor. In fact, though, Edison and Tesla regularly went head to head and were rivals who both came up with remarkable creations which changed the world forever. Tesla was an electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist and futurist, who made dozens of breakthroughs, particularly with regards to the production, transmission and application of electricity.
He held around 300 patents and worked for Edison’s Continental Edison Company at one point before forming his Tesla Electric Light and Manufacturing firm with two businessmen. Having developed and invented ideas for things like the underlying technology for wireless communication over long distances, the electric motor, x-rays, remote controls, and numerous other things before any other inventor, you’d think Tesla would have gone on to become a revered name in history and one that everyone knew and studied at school. But this was not to be. Many people think the reason why Edison won the longevity war over Tesla all comes down to money. Edison had better results when it came to turning ideas and inventions into moneymaking avenues and making them available to the masses. Edison died a multimillionaire while Tesla went to his grave quite poor. It seems that while Tesla may have been the more brilliant mind on the technical side of things (plus he is said to have spoken eight languages), Edison was a whizz with business. The inventor perfected things like the light bulb and developed the phonograph and the motion picture, which is impressive enough, but in addition, he also developed what is seen as the first industrial research laboratory. Through this endeavour he was able to channel the work of many others, create a type of patent “factory”, and capture royalties on each one to build his fortune. In fact, Edison even demonstrated his hardnosed business tactics to Tesla. The Serbian wished to meet Edison, so immigrated to the United States in 1884. He claimed that Edison offered him US$50,000 at the time to solve a series of engineering problems that Edison’s business faced. When Tesla achieved these
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feats, though, Edison is said to have said that the offer was a joke and that Tesla didn’t understand the humour. Tesla resigned from Edison’s company shortly thereafter. After missing out on the payout he was expecting from Edison, Tesla didn’t fare much better at his own organisation. Being brilliant, he solved a number of technical problems that other inventors hadn’t been able to. This included coming up with the AC induction motor which could transmit power over long distances, something Edison’s direct current couldn’t. Tesla then filed a number of electrical patents which he assigned to the business. However, when his two partners soon decided they wanted to specifically focus on supplying electricity, they took the IP of the firm and founded another business. This left Tesla missing out on future payments for the tech he had invented.
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To make matters worse, when the Westinghouse Company backed his AC device over Edison’s current option, they made arrangements to license the technology for a single lump sum. Tesla agreed to this but this meant he missed out on any royalties over ensuing years, and the fortune that would have come with them. With Edison often hailed as the world’s most remarkable inventor and Tesla regularly spoken about in mad-scientist type tones, it’s clear to see that great ideas don’t always make great investments, and there’s more to creating than solving technical problems. Over time Tesla will be remembered for the ways his inventions shaped the world as we know it, especially with the shift into more sustainable technologies.
SA D SYNDROME HOW IT CAN AFFECT WORKERS Every electrician has to follow a wide variety of health and safety rules to stay safe on the job and there are potential health risks that may not seem as obvious. In particular, as the weather turns colder and less sun is around, it possible for SAD Syndrome to occur. Read on for the lowdown on what this is, how it can affect sparkies, the signs to look out for, and ways to cope. todayselectricianmagazine.com.au
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WHAT IS SAD SYNDROME? Seasonal Affective Syndrome, commonly referred to as SAD Syndrome, is a specific type of depression that comes and goes across seasons with a particular pattern. It typically develops during autumn or winter, but disappears in spring or summer. Sometimes, it may come about in spring, but usually it only occurs when the temperature drops and there is less sunlight.
SYMPTOMS TO BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR Most people find that symptoms of SAD start out mild but get continually worse as the cold weather persists. Most symptoms are ones which make it very hard to be motivated and productive at work, and in other areas of life. Symptoms are usually very akin to depression. Be on the lookout for signs such as: - - - - -
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Feeling hopeless Lacking energy Loss of pleasure in things normally enjoyed Changes to sleeping patterns Changes in eating patterns, particular a prevalence for overeating and craving carbohydrates Weight gain Fatigue, lethargy, a feeling of heavy limbs, and difficulty getting up in the morning Loss of interest in intimacy Mania, anxiety and/or agitation for some people
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CAUSES While more research into Seasonal Affective Disorder needs to be done to truly understand it, so far medical professionals believe it’s caused by changes to the body’s circadian rhythms (what we call our “body clock”) during periods of the year, typically Autumn and Winter, where there is a lack of sunlight due to fewer daylight hours. The hypothalamus in the brain may stop working properly due to this lack of sunlight, effectively throwing out the body clock. SAD may also happen because during the winter months our bodies produce less of two key hormones: melatonin (which tells the body it’s time to sleep) and serotonin (which regulates mood, appetite and sleep). Since these hormones affect our sleep and mood so much, it could be all linked.
Note, too, that some people are more susceptible than others to be affected. This means that one sparky could struggle with SAD while another doesn’t.
TIPS FOR COPING WITH SAD If you or your team of electricians are suffering from seasonal affective disorder, it’s important to take steps to make it easier to cope with the condition. While SAD is rare in this country because Australia receives more sunlight than many other countries, it can still be an issue. Anyone who has symptoms which don’t go away over the colder months should see a health practitioner. However, do note that SAD is often hard to diagnose and may not be obvious until the same symptoms have arisen during winter for a couple of years in a row.
One common treatment said to work well for SAD is bright light therapy. This “phototherapy” involves exposing patients to a bright light from a specially-designed light box daily, for around half an hour. It is also wise to make your house as light during Autumn and Winter, and to get as much sunlight on your body as you can when you’re out and about. While it may be tempting to work through lunch, electricians should make the time to stop work and go sit in the sun to increase their exposure to light. Regular exercise and stress-relieving practices such as meditation, yoga and deep breathing can help to reduce symptoms, plus staying social and planning trips away to sunnier climates can also work wonders. If things really deteriorate, consider treatment options like counselling and/or medication.
To talk to someone please call: Beyond Blue: 1300 22 4636, Lifeline: 13 11 14 Mates in Construction: 1300 642 111 todayselectricianmagazine.com.au
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PLUG-IN HYBRID CARS VS ELECTRIC CARS The eco-friendly vehicle revolution
Car models like the Prius and Tesla have become household names thanks to their eco-friendly status. Many people are unsure about the difference between a hybrid and a fully electric car. Let’s look at their main differences and pros and cons of both. Designed in a way to lower gasoline use, electric cars are 100% powered by electricity. These types of cars must be charged up and once the battery runs out of juice they will not move until charged. Hybrid cars are powered by a mix of battery charged and gas. While the primary source of power in a hybrid is the engine with battery, when there’s a need for extra power, the conventional engine provides it. Unlike electric cars, the battery in the hybrid cars not only provides power, but is recharged while it’s being driven.
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Plug-in hybrids are becoming increasingly popular as they have the benefit of both the battery being recharged while driving, as well as the option to plug the car in to charge like an electric car. In Australia, we have the Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV which embraces this technology. The electric motor can stretch to 54 kms, so if your average commute is less than this, you won’t need to rely on petrol at all. If you find yourself going further than this, the conventional engine will kick in and start using petrol. However, you must keep in mind that extra petrol will be consumed as a way to charge the electrical battery up again while driving. There’s also the drawback that the petrol engine and battery pack add extra weight to the car, meaning that more petrol will be used. Fully electric cars are real game changer for the environment, because they take absolutely no petrol, cutting out our reliance on fossil fuels completely. Fossil fuels contribute significantly to air pollution and mining, drilling, and burning dirty energy are harming the environment, making these vehicles such an important advancement in technology.
Technical Information on Electric Vehicle Charging Circuits by Alan Williams, Director and Head Trainer of Electrical Training Australia If your customers have an electric car, they may require you to install an electric vehicle charging station. All the info you will need on the requirements for these charging stations is on pages 568 - 574 of the updated AS 3000, being Appendix P. Appendix P is dedicated to electric vehicle charging circuits and deals with all the Informative only recommendations for electric vehicle charging circuits in Australia, including consideration for maximum demand calculations. Diagrams P1-3 show different charging arrangements for vehicle connectors.
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While the International brand Telsa is well known for its production of full electric cars, companies such as the Volkswagen Group and Mercedes-Benz have jumped on board and confirmed the production of fleets of electric cards over the next decade. Of course, adapting to an electric car is a huge change from the conventional petrol powered cars and may be a habit that some struggle to handle at the beginning. Fully electric cars require remembering to charge the car and to also have access to electrical ports, as well as having a car charger handy.
However, if you’re able to remember to recharge, , you’ll receive more than just environmental benefits from owning an electric car. These cars are also very powerful and accelerate smoothly and quickly. They also have a regenerative braking technology which harvests energy to charge the battery. This means as soon as you hit the accelerator the power will glide up, and as soon as you’re off the accelerator the car will begin to smoothly slow.
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WIRING SYSTEMS NEAR BUILDING SURFACES
Technical article by Alan Williams, Director and Head Trainer of Electrical Training Australia Please seek Professional advice* Since the newest release of AS3000 Wiring Rules became mandatory on the 1st of Jan the most outstanding defect is clearly related to Wiring Systems near building surfaces and clause 3.9.4.2. and specifically related to mains and sub-mains in multi-occupancy situations. Lets look at the issue. • Clause 3.9.4.2. stipulates that there are 3 key things that must all be present to bring clause 3.9.4.4 into play. They are that the wiring system is Fixed, Concealed and within 50mm of the surface weather that is a wall floor ceiling or roof.
• Clause 3.9.4.4 outlines the three methods of protecting wiring systems that are Fixed, Concealed and within 50mm. • 3.9.4.4 (a) calls for mechanical protection to the standard of WSX3 which is 2mm sheet steel covering the portion fixed in position until the conductor can freely move again. • 3.9.4.4 (b) calls for earthed mechanical protection. One popular method is to use anaconda earthed with an approved earth clamp. • 3.9.4.4 (c) calls for protection by a 30mA RCD, which is not related to mains and sub-Mains.
Please seek specific professional advice from your regulator or inspector regarding your specific electrical installation. 16
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Here are some examples of where the mechanical protection is required.
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Here are some example with mechanical protection in place.
Please seek specific professional advice from your regulator or inspector regarding your specific electrical installation. 18
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TECH DETOX The best spots in Australia to unplug and unwind When you spend the majority of your waking hours working with electricity, unplugging from technology with a relaxing escape with family or friends is an excellent way to unwind and refuel. Hitching a tent at a campground with no cell service, or finding a remote location with no wifi for miles is often just what the doctor ordered. We’ve put together a list of some of the best getaways where you’ll have to put your mobile phone down and just relax. todayselectricianmagazine.com.au
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CORALIE, NSW
LONGITUDE 131, ULURU
This remote bush land getaway you’ll find a wooden shipping container two hours north of Sydney, set up as a cozy little house is perched at the bottom of a valley. Facing an epic forested mountain with acres and acres of empty scrub, you can enjoy the serenity by roasting marshmallows over a fire pit or exploring the rugged terrain. Lined with plenty of windows you’ll wake up with a stunning view of bush land greenery as far as the eye can see. And, with no cell service you’ll have to put your snapchat down and actually enjoy the natural beauty for what it is.
Uluru is one of Australia’s most famous locations, yet many Australians have never been. If you’re looking for a different and exciting getaway where you can disconnect from the real world, then Longitude 131 could be perfect for you. It’s a luxury wilderness camp located in Australia’s red centre. Forget the smartphone- all you’ll need are good walking shoes and plenty of sunscreen. The stunning views and surroundings will have you forgetting all about technology.
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PREVELLY, MARGARET RIVER If you’re interested in either wine or surfing, then you’ve likely heard of Margaret River. The little town in the South-West is littered with wineries and gorgeous beaches. Located right by the main surf break - where the International WSL surf competitions are held - is the Prevelley camping site for tents, caravans and cabins options. Internet coverage here is sketchy at the best of times and the list of activities is endless, so you’ll be forced to unplug. Explore the nearby natural Injidup spa (a rock pool spa with a mini waterfall), go chocolate tasting at the chocolate factory or enjoy some horse riding with your little ones.
SCENIC RIM, QUEENSLAND While the Scenic Rim may be lacking when it comes to phone reception, it is full of natural beauty. The jungle-esque area is heritage list and home to lush rainforests, spectacular mountain ranges and ancient landforms. With waterfalls and jaw dropping scenery aplenty, you’ll be spoilt with some of the world’s most beautiful hiking trails. Don’t feel like walking? The region has some spectacular rainforest drives too. From glamping and bungalows, to eco hotels and unpowered camp sites, the Scenic Rim has something for everyone.
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CHECK OUT THESE
EPIC FAILS EPIC FAIL 1 Bolts also need to be of a suitable size to carry the same amount of current as the cable. Photo source unknown
EPIC FAIL 2 Using a top entry to any external electrical equipment will inevitably allow water to ingress if the rubber O’ring that is provided is not used or the adapter is not glues in position.
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EPIC FAIL 3
On 25th Nov 2014, I was called out by United Energy to investigate the report of a shock in Bentleigh. The lady told me she was walking her dog along the nature strip when her dog yelped. Then she went over to see what the dog had stood on and she yelped to. Using a 4m hot stick and probe I found the top of a star picket level with the ground measuring 238volts. The only cables in the vicinity was a pole to pit. I isolated the pit by removing the pole fuses. The picket was now dead and so was a 12 unit apartment block. An old guy wanted to separate his grass from the apartment Black’s gravel with a 3x2 timber partition. He drove a 1.2M star picket straight through the pole to pit mains cable. He’s lucky he didn’t get killed.
EPIC FAIL 4
Switchboards must be sealed, including unused conduits. as you can see here rats will travel up conduits just to get to the warmth often provided inside a switchboard. then they will chew their way through cables to get into different areas. this was a death trap ( for people) waiting to happen.
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EPIC FAIL 5 “12 stories high!”
EPIC FAIL 7 “Too high for my liking!”
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EPIC FAIL 6
“Built it below the high water mark”
EPIC FAIL 8 “BOOM!!”
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IS SMALL BUSINESS ADMIN GIVING YOU A HEADACHE?
1. AVOIDANCE NEVER ENDS WELL
Love your business and getting out helping people, but hate coming back to the desk and the admin deadlines? Scratching your head over a hundred acronyms and forms? If business finances and admin make you break out into a sweat, take a deep breath and read our 8 top tips for electricians in business.
We all avoid doing things we don’t enjoy, but when it comes to business admin it’s really not a good idea as you can get fined for late filing of returns even when you don’t owe money. And who does it help in the long run? Keeping on top of your admin actually helps you to keep on top of how well your business is doing financially, and be able to take action before it’s too late.
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2. THE ATO IS NOT (ALWAYS) YOUR ENEMY Unsure about what to file and when and how? The ATO’s website has a whole bunch of information for small business that is written in everyday English. There are articles on common questions, live chat function and even an out of hours tax helpline. And you can apply for extensions and payment plans online too. It’s far better to seek advice than get it wrong and get fined! Here’s an example: https://www.ato.gov.
au/Business/Business-activity-statements(BAS)/Due-dates-for-lodging-and-payingyour-BAS/ 3. COMPANY OR SOLE TRADER? It’s probably worth getting advice on how to structure your business as your personal circumstances may dictate which is most appropriate for you, but the key differences are: SOLE TRADER - Income and expenses are assessed against you as an individual - Need a personal ABN - Relatively low set up costs and ongoing paperwork - Can employ other people – must have workers comp and pay tax and super. - Personal liability for all business debt. No separation between private assets and business. (Liability for other matters can be limited through public liability insurance)
COMPANY - Income and expenses are assessed in the company and paid to you either as salary or dividends. - You as director and shareholder of the company are responsible for maintaining company records and filing company returns with ASIC - Need a company ABN and separate bank account - Higher set up costs and ongoing compliance - Can employ other people – directors have legal obligation to meet tax and super obligations. Need workers comp - Limited liability, however as director your personal assets can be at risk. Generally if you are a one person business or have one or two staff a sole trader structure may be appropriate. Regardless of which you choose it’s recommended to have a separate business bank account so that your personal expenses don’t get mixed up with the business, especially if you are paying employee wages. 4. DO I REGISTER FOR GST? In most cases you won’t have a choice – if you are billing your clients $75,000 a year or more, you have to register for GST. This means you charge GST on top of your call our rate, and pass this on to the ATO. Any GST you spend on equipment and other business related expenses can be claimed as a refund. Even if you
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don’t meet the $75k cut off, it can be worth registering if your GST refund would make filing worthwhile. If your bookkeeping is ship shape it’s probably worth it! 5. EMBRACE TECHNOLOGY If you hate bookkeeping, it’s time to make things easy with a cloud based accounting system like Xero, MYOB or QuickBooks. If you’ve set this up but are still in the dark, invest in spending half a day with a bookkeeper or tax agent to help you as it will save you time and money in the future. You can use your phone app to take photos of receipts and allocate them straight into your expenses. Your bank transactions are viewed in Xero and you can allocate amounts to different categories of expense or income. You can create invoices on the go after each client visit so the paperwork doesn’t pile up, and best of all, this all feeds straight into your BAS. 6. WHAT’S A BAS? Your business activity statement is a summary of the income and expenses in your business and the amount of GST you owe or are owed. Most businesses file quarterly. The form can look a bit complicated with a number of boxes to complete. But if you’re using a userfriendly accounting system like Xero to create your invoices, monitor your cash in and log your expenses, you can create your BAS statement with one click. Your BAS covers 3 areas – GST (received and
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paid), PAYG (tax withheld from salaries) and income tax (based on the anticipated business profit). Filing online can give you an extra 2 weeks to pay the tax due. 7. WHAT ABOUT EMPLOYEES? Having employees does create a new level of responsibility and again a system like Xero will help you to make the right payments at the right time. Xero has a payroll function, so you can enter the employee’s hours and rate, and out pops a payslip with the tax to withhold. It also calculates the superannuation due (and can connect with the superannuation clearing account each quarter). The income tax (or PAYG, pay as you go) that you withhold from wages is reported on your BAS, and you will also need to pay this over quarterly. 8. KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE CASH AT ALL TIMES Having a separate bank account for your business is highly recommended, and I’d suggest even having two. You may find your focus is on keeping enough in the bank to pay the wages and suppliers each week, but it’s a good idea to put away at least 10% of cash coming in each month to prepare for quarterly tax bills, which can come as a big surprise (as do super payments, on a different quarterly cycle!). You can have more than one account linked into your accounting software so you’ll still be able to see your overall cash position. And finally, keep an eye on unpaid invoices and chase that cash!
HOMEMADE H T LUNCH
On The Go After a tough morning of physical work, whipping out a soggy sandwich for lunch is less than enticing. Last nights leftovers can be a much more delicious choice, but when you’re working onsite it can often be hard to find a way to heat it up. Thankfully, someone has gone to the trouble of inventing a way to enjoy hot lunches on the go. Say hello to the electric heater lunch box - a revolutionary lunch idea, which comes in a variety of shapes and sizes with various ways to be powered. Power up via battery, cigarette lighter or electrical plug and dig in to a piping hot lunch! Let’s look at some easy recipes you can enjoy the next day with your electric heater lunch box and ditch those cold lunches for good.
To purchase lunch box visit
www.ebay.com.au
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CHINESE CHICKEN AND BROCCOLI WITH RAMEN • 2/3 cup soy sauce • 200g of ramen noodles • 1/2 cup chicken stock • 1/4 cup honey • 2 tablespoons rice wine vinegar • 2 tablespoons brown sugar, packed • 3 cloves garlic, minced • 1 teaspoon chilli flakes • 1 teaspoon ground ginger • 1 tablespoon olive oil • 500g chicken breast, thinly sliced • 1 head broccoli, cut into florets 1. Place the ramen noodles in a large bowl and pour the boiling water over them. Let sit for 6 minutes, stirring every now and then to break up the noodle blocks. Drain and rinse under cold water. Set aside. 2. In a bowl stir together all ingredients except for broccoli. 3. Cook the chicken over medium heat until cooked. 4. Stir in broccoli and soy mixture until tender and slightly thickened (3-4 mins) 5. Portion ramen into lunch boxes and then top with chicken mixture into lunch boxes.
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REAL MAC AND CHEESE • • • • • • •
450g of macaroni pasta 1/4 cup of pasta 1/4 cup of plain flour 1/2 tsp salt 2 cups of milk 2 cups of grated cheddar cheese Dash of black pepper
1. Bring a pot of water to boil and stir pasta until cooked. 2. In a separate saucepan melt butter over medium heat then stir in flour and cook for about 3-5 minutes. 3. Add salt and pepper 4. Slowly add milk and stir well after each addition 5. Cook until mixture bubbles 6. Stir in cheese slowly and stir well after each addition 7. Drain cooked pasta and add to cheese sauce 8. Portion in lunch boxes.
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EASY CHILE CON CARNE • • • • • •
500g of minced beef 1 small onion diced 3 cans of diced tomatoes 2 cans of kidney beans drained 2 tsps of chilli flakes or fresh chilli chopped 2 cups of rice
1. Prepare rice in rice cooker or cook in pot according to directions
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2. Brown beef over medium high heat and then set aside 3. Sauté onion in large pot for 4-5 minutes with butter 4. Add the rest of the ingredients and the browned beef to the onion mix and bring to boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 10 minutes. 5. Portion rice into lunch boxes and top with Chile Con Carne.
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