Glimpses of the Konkani Language at the Turn of the 16th Century - Vol 2 by red mackerel

Pr:of. L, .rt. ftodriguee McDbcr, Ilstitut€ Menezcs Bragang.

0ulllP$t$

THE

t(oillfilllt mil0lJA0E

AT TIIE TURI,I OF TllT 16TII

II PROPRIETY AND IDIOSYNCRASY

S.pnat' do Bot€ E do tnn ub !ro!.z!i Ai!gu9r, N,.l2O _ tg?C

Tlp.lr.Ita R.Es.t Bu*ori, co!.

itFhe

world at l3rge, and the life in its multiple functionc have found in the Konkani language ample vncabul.rr), I to express, precisely and characteristically, the minure shades and fiuances of various objects and articies, acts and ideas, The terms and dictions, tecorded io the vocabulaiies of the priests, nafiely in that ,it Jesuit Fr. Diogo Ribeiro, though, oI course, they do not exhaust the Dcatter, provide copious illustrations $'orthy o{ attracting interest and admirf,tio of a student of languages ard linguistics. The priests. who, for the purpose of evangelization, made persisteot efforts to study the vernacular for l*el.l-+ved a centur).. or sey from lj60 to 16g0, tried to traoslate the Konkani vocables into portuguese and vice.versa, and this task proved to bâ&#x201A;Ź quite laborious, not only because in the two civilizations, the European end the Indian, there lvere things and institutions not matching with each other, but the varieties and variations of the same species, with appro. priate words in vetnacu)ar, could find io portuguese just a single generic term to express ambiguously all the modalities, l,eaving to the competent hands the elhaustive and me.

{ 4--.$ri..n\lr!q4.ta!r1'

-;".idic

8--* thodical reseatch in the above vocabularies, a petfunctory rtudy is altempted hereby, trying to bring out tbe propriety and idiosyrcrasy of the Konkani language'

On familt reletiotrs:

of farnily har

institution -The tree with lineal alld collateral

ptoduced a frohdose genealogical brabches, connected with one anottâ&#x201A;Źr by relations of diffelent degrees. The Kcnlani vocabulary is provided enough witb suifrcient terms to distingoish the complex family telations' unlike the European terminology, which is vague.and equivocat' cLnhoilo in Portuguese' and cousin and such as p mo ^nd botherii-law in Eoglish' The following is a nea! erhaustive

iist:

Faroily - huttonb, sornchaL hollotu, vrad, ghofiar' Kinship

sodrih, soesomond, soesomondih'

Relative - soilo Kindr

ed, -,,toshlad

Bridegroom

lPort. I bdrcflla\.,)

- iotul,

noPlo

Brid,e- hohol, xopri Bridge &groom-lror

Husbanci

gloa, banton t, bhata4 dad'lo, poty, anhnao

tnhnni,U4 Qatki, kdnta, "4 rJohol sirtsoht, o sfti Furush, Husband & rvife

I,liIe*bail, oshi,

lVife of prince ot lord -pddd'vonl, Palttteottti Not one's husbahd - Po$lrs, Not one's wifâ&#x201A;Ź -botostt;, botdlti bdil !,lid,owet - tanddgo, dustea souondacho (re'married), men' ddo (pejorative)

_9 Widow

tidono, rakddao,

Second

vife {the first wife being alive)

d.usfztz sortond.achi.

(re-matri.ed)

- sopt Wife loyal and obliging to the hlsband botutd d)

Fathec

Mothet -

bab, bapui, abu.,

Ay, avoi, ,nae, dush, mata, maali, zon,ni

Step-father

babolio

Step-mothet

rnavshi

Nol ane's mother .â&#x201A;Ź)

t'ita, bitt, bapush, al, tdta

Grard tathet

bolwat.t

azo, ab

Grand mother

a7i

Paternal grand lather

- bapazo Ilaternal grand {ather naiazo Paternal grand rnotber - babaji Maternal grand rnother flaiajt ponnzo Great grand lather Creat grand mother - bonnji Great great grand father - sonnzo Gleat great grand mather - son tji Crand father's sister - ajr f) Son * pulr, put, sulutt,len\ flond.ot\, sttt Eldest son - mhalgoddo p tt Middle Y

son

^ mazvo

o[n gest son

nip soh,no

lo_* Beloved. son

alltttto butr

Son of Blahmin ot

king-

Atr,"b&l 0'a

huutor

Son of bhat"or Pftb.uF- cheda Son of brahrnin

c,Lolo

- cheddo, jhil First bolo sar. - ltuhareot bult Adopted. son - dlrottlrPut" Adulrerine son - addbizacho ILlegitimate son - Poltnacho Son

ot chatdo

Dalghter

dhue, duhita, lenhg'

Daughtet of Brahmin ot

kiog-

Daughter of bhat or Ptabo Daughter of brahmin

Daugbter of chatdo

Last child

ihily, 4t to", ot'ftoz hanory, hunttory

aledd

- cloli

cheddut"

,tibsorrrLo

Son & daughter, or sons & daqghters Only-begotten son (unigeniros) C)nly son

yakn

dlruput

ekeol

f!'tr

(for other children were dead or not boin) -lo

Son born on 7lh month

conceplion

s&lallo

Son born on 8!h morith 9l c.rnception -a!thatrlo Fedt*o.n djl.J- - t:hXtutl'b 14+ Husband's or wife's son fdo tt tio (Por\. enteado),lfu

Husband's or wife's daughter

rthuoddi lPott, enleadal l.

_ e)

Gtand

san

4lttu

Grand daughter-zal Grand child

Great gtand

son

nalurxttr

- totu ,.

Great grand d^ughter Great Great

rti -,pon grand chiJd - fon rtiturfl great grand son- shinntu

Great great grand daughter Great great grand n)

Brothet Sistet

sbinnti

child* shinntarum

bhav, bondov, bond,

d.d.d.o,

arr, bhrat, bhrutie

bhoinn, ahoy, haha, solondhru

Brother & sistet

bhanrsddam, bhaantld,nnam

Cousin brothers, sons oI brothers Cousio brothers, sona of slsters

bafolbhao

,nalrshibhag

Cousin sisters, daughters of brothe rs Cousin sisters, daughters of sisters

bapolbhointi

,napshibhninhi

Cousin brothers and sisters i.e. sons and daughters of bro_ thets

bapolbhanpddat

Half brothers,

sons

of different father o!

mother _sor,,

bhav

Half sisters, daughters of dilferent fathe. or mother bhoituti Eld,er brotbet

d.ad, agroz

Legitimate btother

iottiaho bhol)

so!,

t2Legitimate

sistet

Pon';chi bhoi"tt

Brothers with same parents

Twin brothers Twin sisters

bl'abhao' altxozbhav

zonrtlle bhao

zo,e ltio bhoinni

Brother-in_1aw' vife's brother

av"o

Siste.-inlaw, wife's sislet - ttapnni Elder btotlter of husband - 6&avo Younger brother oI husband

der

Wife of elder brother -Doai Wife of younger brother - sunrslli Husband's sisler

- "o"nond Sister's hosband - Dlzzii Brother's wife - 6/zaooz Wiie of husband's brolher - 'de Husband oi wi{e's siste( - s4rt"rr j)

Brclhels

son

bu'ott'tio

Brorher'e drughter Sister's son

dhu'ttld'i' tlhuhit

Dlac'Lo

Sister's daugbtet

biaclri

t atner's btother

bd|olio

Fa'ther's elder broll,er

- rzlratl

navllo, uarn

Molher's brolher

Father's s\stet

ttaallorrrt

Molher's sister Son-in-law

-13 agslri

,fl

zant'oi

Daughter-in.law

Sister's son-in.law

saa

bh.achezaw;oi

Sister's daughter. ;n.Ia

v't

bh ache

sutt

alhet-it'-la\!

- lrran!, sasto Mother'in-law - fiaitu, sasri

- wi Son's or daughter's mother-in.law - oerrrt Father-in.law's lir otl\er /agurntatup Mother-in.la w's Fister fagun taim 2. Oil time: - lhough the broad division of time Son's or daughtcr's iather.in.law

intc

present, past and future is same everywhere, the actual and practical divisioDs aod s!rbdivisions follorved by the Indiac syslem va ry from those of the lvestern calendar. The former system lvas explained and expressed in relevaDt I{onhani term. inology.

Alme

hall,hal, oell, r:ogt ataxcho hall, atahcho sorroi

Ptesent

Past

uagar

FDtute

- /uddar Ancient lirne - lotagt bfag .\\ways - sotlhahall, sod,hahal, Century

thetoh, shitoh

sod.haht

14totush, vorsh

Yeat

This

year

year Lasl Next yeat -

ottpdam botarfu

/udd.an

Leap year (every 12 yea$) Month

Day

dllhodo, a;ldt

dis, din, dia

Today

shirrgest

thoino, ,ndsh

Week-

Yesterday

- lal

Day before yesterday

- roil

Previous to day before yestetday Tomorrow

oed

/alean. fut ttear, /ai Day af ter tomorrow -botdtu, potodt , pon)anche diashirn

Morning

-sola

Evening

sanjehall., sanzvell, sanz r?)

Hoat (of 22 min. 30 se'C.)

-glrortd.i,

ghottha

The solar day, that is, from sunrise to sunset, is divided irto louJ btah6t, btdt ot PLt, ea.ch btd.t covering about three hours, so that the frtst [Mt ends by g a.rn., and the sâ&#x201A;Źcond â&#x201A;Źxactly at mid-day; likewise, the night, i.e. ftom gunset to sunrise, is also divided into fo:ot btat, and so 9 p.m. is

irara rdt.

The natural day (of 24 hours) is divided into 64 ghodd,io,Ct\ and the solar day into 32, so that an hour corresponds to

2$ ghoddio, and, a ghoddi is equivalent to 22 mioutes a.rd 3C seconds. Subsequen:Jy one ghoddi is divided lnto 4 panpollah ooe paneoll into 4 hhintu, and one khinn into 4 ,rinrush, so th.at

etch ghotl,cli bas 4 panaollan

76 hhintt

ot 64 ninush.

Di8'erent hours of the day are designated as follows:

frotoskall, jltinnjhiantem, Jalen fantam Sar tise ud.yan*all

Dawn

Abott 7 a.m.

adam pell

About 9 a,or-- ptara vell, fateha vell lO.JAa,m. Noon

dedd.

far, nod,heanhall

d.o*

Abou! 1.30,p,m. 3

p.m.-

Su'l

Angehs

r i

set

odclech

par

tir. par

Abonl 5 p-fi.

par

odd,

ostot

thall

\,ell

sandahall,

After Angelus

- ,orsarr. ,\ILet l,ovsatz - till s@nd, A[tet t l exnd, ha.tr6 gondoll Fall ot night * dehhn dehlt

IJetween 9 p.m. and 10 p.rk.

Mid,night

t todheafl

jeponn

tatr

tart, ntozott tatr,

Otr modes of speaking: The human speach, as a uteans of erpression, is a short instlument; as such it assume$ different modulations, tones and pitches of voice, and airs, attitud.

I I

i :

16es and gestures to supplement the deficiencies, The Konkani language has coined quite a number of vocables for this Purpose: Speech T

ullovnnen, bolnnem, boli

o speak

Speaket

ulonttk, bolonvh

bolaho

To speak haphazard

stammer

ttanhdclen lenhddent {lo'Leh

grllg ulle"l)h' g tlgulle'J" ulo?toh

To speak s)owly -

hant

soehds ulotteh

To speak fast-sot'tan ulontsh

speak attentively and respectfully

To speak jolliJy

'fo

wispet

kod'rcn uLonz:h, hipao tto oiaehh ghevn ulonvh

lontaso hotn alonr:h

katn matunh

To speak frankly

ltotsoddoll muhhin ulontk

- onotth ulonlth To speak confidentially - nalan ulonolt tto sangunk

To speak with no

sense

To speak bad words - bhotuclddtt ulran'

oo bhontld patann

ulonph

6peak courteously

To speak ceremonio

*ly -

To speak pretentiousty

ilhorn 1)o pod'tan ulonoh' g ow" amth, g ooraPn ul owh

po.to

Jeddfed'danh, Jedcloh vo feddik ulonPh

khotthhottit po sotnsotnit ulontsk

I I I

To speak gracefully

- tlhd

l6vfl, sarlg

rlh, d.lrahh ulonph,

aoza hotn alonvh

To speak a word

To speak rvith gestures 1lo beclron, to nod

goll ulonoh

yeh

hat vagarn ulonah

sogrrealt ulohph

To speak in disgaise * oelbola ulonvh, oirnarinni ulonttk, bltitot kora, ulonph To speak conveniently -tondda burtem dorrrJh, vder1,6 shent sup

'Io

To speak roughly

supdsttbJras po suglolt bhas ulokl)k

- antti bhqs uloot:b, obh.oC ulonth

ctubcltabot ulontLh

To speak in sain

speak elegantly

To nonble

sot_

dint*

sobsobo

tlonpk, paibottd ulonoh

speak as appropriately as a gem on a ring tthih zoddilemslpm korunh

nudieh

To speak sonorously -- golnbsra sobd.h,an ulonph To speak smilingJy hanstemuhhim ulonph

To speak irlterrupte

To speak sincerejy

artrtoi uddoi tlonoh

tthaprt

sacldhallmonim ulonph

.ltulnotoso ulonl)k

To speak from ""d: \fr^:lz U,i.l1:&angun4, ontoskatntchcln ulonvh|(porr. Jalt kceiad o) _ d hurhan vo

ltlonpk

To speak reservedly

dJy

To speak rvirh an air o[ importtnce- golleadde

t I I

tlhurhbhaslten ulonoh

'to 3

ch^uer

zha/thunp, bojboj horua ulonvh

18-To

speak

io dift'ereot ways

To speak in^-weak

voice

pototttpotinint ulonvh

kanshire*b, hanshitel utrowk

To speak loudly - vhoddatt tto tthoddlean ulonn'tk To speak in a gtoup - r&andd d'hot" ttloiah To speak in geneta!

sonlrdshi ttlotulh

speak rnoderately

moriaden ulonvk

To speak with measured language - tohradin ulonph To speak face to face- ltujira hujit ulowft To speak to the pulpose

g'oddteah Poddte'n ulo"vk

To speak without rhyme or reason - szhsadench tlon'lk To speak gently-- zr antkuleta tlonph To speak plainly - bbitorsudiatn *lontth To speak joyfully halallit muhhitn ulomh

1(onkani nomenclature of the livesiock is well systematized, and provides words for minute difer' toce6:

On cattle:

Cattle

- The

d.honn, ghodhon

Ox or cow

gotun

He bufialo or she buflalo He goat or she goal Ranr or sheeP

- tt'osl"t'

bohcl'latu'n

flrcnddtu"t

He goat

- boftodrJ She goat * bo,td.ti Ram

tnenddo, bokrc, logot

Sheep

Old and unserviceable 77ed cattle

White .attle

.tdho|)ll.o

i4bto, shirl'o

Black cattie

hario

Bdl-fighr

dd)riray, d.d.hiti

-.boil

gay, dhenu, kamd,henu,

Yo\ng oz

olrget

gaitti

b6dAo

Young cow, heifet Y

bhod,.long

lahho

Spotted cattie

Cow

c ttle -

hendo

LalLcolour cattle

mend.di, shelli

tlTan Padd,o

paddi

lad,d,ho .

Calf (stili suclri ng milk-male or female) vochh

-Paddu,h,sa$

Cail (still in mother's womb or just beiog botd, standing np) MiIU.co'a

Dry co* -

aapetu

dubti ga! ohhuddli gay

Cow yeaniig every ye;,l

Luw of firsr yeaning

'Jotsutri

nor''rufi

- dJlor Wild cow - hamd,henu, kopil gay Calf of worship rrordio l)eird

corv

rnr

before

20c)

Buffalo (male)

-hhollio,

'Buffalo (female)

mhoishu, mhoishashur

mhoish, mhosh

Young male buffalo

Young female buffalo

red'd'o

-recldi

Younger than redclo- tecldho Younger than redd,i

redd'hi

Calf (still sucking milk

male or female)

rcd'du'h

Mil4 buffalo

- d.ubti mhosh Dry buffalo - okhudclli mhosh Wild buffalo - gavo, gor)o 5. On paddy:- Different varieties of paddy arrd phases

of the grorvth of its plant are designated with characteristic vocables:

Paddy-bhat '

Varieties: srtornkod'd'i, pattltnni, hhonchro, bilari, shirttio; babri, hensri, hendall, zollhen,dall', azgo Other variety:

Subvarielies

jirsall sall, chomPsall, holomborsall, somsall

Other varieties of iirsall' resembling coriander

hallaso, hollsuho, hhedclihar, nertnar, h.oflos, d'Tongbilaro, hep, val, valho

Black paddy

Tail paddy

Tailless paddy

vozri doru'ngutt

Country paddy -

li-

m'und'cletn bhat

gilnvgrem bh,tt

,r, Paddy from

Ghats- ganttvol'l bhat

Bastard paddy

ner

Paddy sprouted (for cultivatiorn) Paddy seedlings for transpl Seedlings transplant eA

Paddy sprouts

ront\,onn

thamb

Pregnant rvrth spike s

fioitrelam

Corn with spikes

asambelam

fosoolant., nipus .zalam

Corn with milky spikes

d.ud,gil!

honnos

Little (branch)

spike

Sheaf of spikes

konnshy

gand.d,ri, add,onv

bhat borem qtsTslam

Paddy well developed

Paddy undeveloped

chimbar, soehitnb, d.hod'domb

Corn getting coloured and ripe I I

i i.

ir'

torvo

^^W

Before producing spikes

Spike

torr

-'clhan

Young paddy plants

Corn ripe

amhaddelarn'

piklam

Corn over ripe _- honrelam

Paddy, threshed,

b e f'o r

e being winnowed by

khurann

Paddy, rotten by rain I

ir 1

Crop, beaten down

Ilollow paddy

panem, ghamem bhat

-kapelant

-fio|, kub

ryinfl

rilll,

illf

flll lll'

liri a

*Bad paddy mixed with good gtains

khedd'

Bad paddy with no mixture of good grains

Winter paddy

Summer paddy

nikeild

sorod,bhat

oaingonn

Sweet water paddy field

shet, sotttadd, vaingnodd

Salt water paddy field

sand field Sweet water -

khazon

ker

Paddy field cooled by rain before sowing poddlcm

shet shelly

Festival of new crop -_ novann, flosett Paddy fields allotted collectively

gutok, gutog

On cocoanuts:- The cocoanut and its tree have provided the Konkani language w i t h copious and interesting vocabulary:

Cocoanut

nail,, naroll

Sweet cocoanut

Big

cocoan

at-

Snrall cocoanut

mhovo

nail

ddogoll

kittok

Cocoanuts imperfectly develope d

Defective cocoanut

moddok

t'urttdo

Cocoanut with dried water

gud,d'guddo

Hollow cocoanut ( no kernel ) - Panz Cocoanut sown

Sprouted cocoanut

biod'dok

hirl

natl

-23 Little cocoanut

bonddi

Bigger than bonckli (before formation of kernel)

band,d'o

siallem

T'enrler cocoanut

Af ter siallent'

ottol

Half ripe cocoanut

narl

addsor

Bunch of cocoanuts *- manzor,'pennd' Bunch rvit-hout cocoanuts - shelent Pedunc.le of c,oco4nut -lr'';A; dt'rrkr;';,^,I;' - dent!, deniii h"n& ie.*.l'l; * kollonz Heap or store o{ cocoanuts

Cocoanut husk Cc,ir

soddnn' kaP

kortti

katho

Cr:coanut shell

Cocoanut kernel -" Ctrpra

katlii

khobrem

Crunrbled cocoanut kernel'- b)

Cocoanur tree

so1;

mad'cl, marlclo, kolpovrkir:,

kaPato

Young cocoanut tree

C)ld cocoanut tree

konnok, zorodd madcl

kolplor,na'riall

coco;rnut sapling planted near an old cocoanui tree ito substitute the

latter)'*'

hod'dsor

Flead of the cocoanut tree-_ kollort

Tender petiole of cocoanut tree

Palm or leaf of the cocoanut tree Tender palm

rnu'rittd, murun'd

chudclit

Leaflet of the palm

- c:hudd,ti Leaf-stalk or petiole pid,d,o Net like cover of stalk pisondor Woven frtrr,

-rnorl,

Heap of palrrrs

nach

Petiole of leaflet

moilo

vhir,

kad,d,i

Spathe (bract enveloping flower cluster) Beam of stem of cocoanut tree

Wild palm tree

poim

panso

bherl, bherl mad.d, tollot macld.

Cocoanut tree grove

-maddel, kullagr

7. Seeds:Seed

bim, biz

Seed of mango

- far, koi, katho Seed of caju and other fraits-bi

Seed of tamarind

chincharo

Seed of apple (bor), jambo, erc.

guntthi

Seed of jack fruit --bikond,d

Human or animal

semen mod,honmost, Ied,d

Feels, husks,

Peel

shells:-

sal,linn - aunaafiu"

Peel of bhtrondd

-so/ - sol

Husk of areca nut

-biz,

mod,h,

vrahe,

tnod.hlon, I

Fine husk of

p addy

Thich husk of paddy Dust of paddy

kunddo

tus

ghus

Husk of cocoanut- soddn, kap Peel of jack

fruit

char

Shell of egg, carb, etc.

korl

Shell of moluscs (oyster, cockle, mussel, etc') shimpi

Hopes,

Rope

cords:-

-dor,

charni

Rope of fardel, pack, bundle Rope f.or muzzling cattle

-pentta

-danoli,

hani

Rope used for plucking jack fruits, mangoes, etc. Rope for tying cattle

Coir rope

danoem

vaolli

Rope for drawing water

raza

Rope for tying the hands of prisoner Rope for hanging pots

so?

shinkem

hanso

Cord of viol

tant

Cord of langutti

rnunj

Cord passing througb. the nostrils of or or buffalo Twisted silk cord +

shely

sumb

Rope of tree's bark

Cable

roshimacho dor

vason

Fil .l,rt

String of of bow

gu.nn, sint

String of bow ends

baiew

String -1dori Tape kodd;dor

Thread

sut, sutt

Ends of threads of new cloJh

Thread of

Brahmin-

Clew, ball of thread

bad,i

zanneerrt

satrchi gulli

10.

Colour

rongt vorn,

panddro, dhovo, d, d,hoallo, khiro Cik, uzol

White

* Black

hall,o

Tan, tawny, brownish Green

!,oy

hallsanvl,lo, sgnollo

Pachvo, horianrldo, horno, horpallo

Dark $reen - hallvorn Greenish Blue

Grey *

gharso

nill,, nil,lztorn, htqsttnnvor.ft gobriallo

Yellow

- hollduvo, abol.ivorn., pitvonr, Purple - sotombir Blond * finollo, pingllo, chaohur Gold colour * konnikvorn Red

tambddo,lohit, shatnoorn

pand.drogi

goro, svet

Blood colour

rogtoorn

Colour of face Coloured

-A4

shaia, shiri

rongtto

Well coloured

surong

ll. Smells:Smell

-nas,

pormoll, drut, drupt, ann

- sugond,, dhurt Sweet smell - bogbog, bogbogit, mogmogit pormoll Strong smell - tibrann Bad smell - gond, gh.ann durgond Good smell

Smell of cattle Rancid smell

-potttann khonvttann, hhonvttsann

Smell of verdigris (green rust of copper) Smell of smoke

-hollombttann

d,hunvorsano, d,hunvorttann

Smell of burnt thing

Smelling burnt cloth -

Smell of over cooking

vonl,lttann, vonntrlsanm

surundta

-korpsann,

horPttann

['oul smell o[ wound or rot - kirmttann Smell of cooking in fresh clay pot nopond,ann, sotpanm -

1,2. Tastes:Taste

Tasty -

suvad, ruch swroad,ik

T T

28-_ * Bitter *

godd, omrut, omutt

Sweet

Salty

-hharo,

Saltless

hottuh, hottur, kodd'tto

hod,d,u,

hhar, hhollnn

ollnno, ollnni

Briny (bit salty) Sour

chachor

arnbott, anr.b, ambu's

Very sour Pungent

ambott ftochot

tihh, tibir

Taste of pot of oil, butter, etc' - sotpann

13. Moulils (fungi ) : Nlould

bh'ato, bhatso, bhatshi, bh'als,ltt'tl, bellsann,, nwr'

hazlli Mould o[ rotten blood. rneat' etc' Mould of urine

ctnvsann

hharsann

Mould'of a little rotten paddy, pulses Mould of fish

ghamsann

hinosann

Mould of withered leaves Mould of Piclrle

bartttann

fannsanm

\{ould of potatoes' etc. - bal

14.

RiPeness

Green fruit

of fruits: horvo, horian'd'clo

Half ripe - ambutho

-----t-1f-

V t I t I

-2s

Ripe

I I

[:.

r L

ul'

-fiklotro,

Over ripe

zun, zanott

oTtih

Over ripe jack fruit

l:r'

15. On bananas:

r J]

Banana

f F F

ponnos fiihun lot zala, honrela

hellem

Banana fi.go d,e horta

-- rosballem

Banana bugio (wild banana) lokhoncld,ellent

Banana chincapendo

chonchial,lern, sosorballam,

ghoretrletn

Banana for frying or roasting

mhoindd,ellem

- mutthellem, mollvalletn Banana sonelim - sonellent Wild banana - gokornballem, rumbod.d,, sosorballem Banana tree - kell, Shoot of banana tree ! mokho

Banana cadalim

Orchard of banana trees

hellibon

16. Oils:-

i I

il i:

[i'

Oil

tet

Cocoanut oil

narlel

Oil of mustard

seeds

*.a'>al>t*. Oil of bhilondd - bhinrildel

I lr

I I

sanspel

Odorous oil of

mogdm-rtogrel

30Rose oil of

charnPe*;*-yt,

Oil of stramonium (datura\;- yeronddel Oil of sesame seeds - tillel

17.

Bunches, clusters:

Bunch of cocoanu ts - ,nanzor, Pendd Bunch without cocoanuts

shelem

Peduncle of bunch left'after being cut

dand,do

Bunch of cocoanuts (also of areca nuts) plucked - humlli Bunch of areca nuts

Bunch of mangoe

maflzot

gond'd, zhalor, korhol

Bunch of grapes (also other fruits)

Hand of bananas- ghod'd'av, Small hand of bananas Branch of such

zhalo, ghons, zhalor

kell,ao

ghoddarsl,etn, hellartlem

hand' fonno

Spathe of banana hand

Bunch of pepper

bondd

miringondd'o, tnitisang

Cluster of flowers

gondd

18. Flocks: Flock

porivor

Flock of bovine (ox, buffalo) cattle Flock of ovine, caprine cattle

dhonn

hind'd,

Herd of wild boats (alsg other animals) - bhovsoll'

Flock of birds

- bhirem Srvarm of bees - bhirem Shoal of fish * maddvo

Crowd of people hhondo, torp, thoko, porivor, fovz, gol, hhett, oshomshas, att, blrcvsoll Gang of thieves

19.

Fingers:

tancld,i, tanddem, ruand,i

Finger

bott, ungtthi, ahhondcli, angulli

Thumb

ungttho, ahhonddo, angulla

Little finger

kirangulli

Measure of a finger

ongull

Measure from thumb to forefi*ger

crdhenchem, khuttent

Palm ( measure from thumb to little finger) Joint of finger

* \er

20.

Feet,'legs:

Foot

[ao, ohoronn, cl.toronnkomoll

Claw of cat ^* d,d.avkul

Foot ,rf hen * dd,ongullo, d.dongullo Footstep I

pavl, fad

Paw <rf anirnal Lug

[.'

* {at, chobho

d,d,ango

Leg of crab .* ddangutt, drtrang

Leg of table, chair, etc.-hhur

h' I--

aeth

21. Cakes:-

- folli, rontthi, suhlli

Cake

Cooked cake -- sandonn

Fried cake

Roasted cake

kailolli, blnllnni bhahn

Stuffed cake-purn bhahi ll*tbGhj

Cake

Oil

of.

cake

bhhoaddsett

fiendd

Cake of cowdung- shenni

22, Holes:Hole

ild,hornrtllo, chempllo, ckipllo, chimplli,, chiplli, vi,ndo,

pindi Hole of rats, snakes -- bill, binn, bivonn Hole of needle Hole

pudd., fwddem, ghir, ghor

of pot- chil

Hole of clothes Hole of

thovo

tree- fofthor, pokhoil

Hole of wall, groun d Hole of wound Mesh (of net)

-/aild, aishem

gol.,.bhivonn,

rall

--33 23,

Water

Water pot

pots:* hollso, ghodd,

Big water pot

shidi, ghagri

Small water pot

bindul

Pair of water

Dots - dod,il lltn l.rtc/,rr.' - t".'*lt;4 ;;ii;' l,i.t; . il*aj"' l,ilh*to 2+. Prawnr:-'

.4o

Prawn

sunhott

*r;ntr, Big prawn Small prawn

chingull, oagi, dilongi

|ottik

Very fine prawn

galnbo

25. Bottoms:Bottom

toll

Bottom of sea, river

- tthav, khor, khol Bottom of pot frond , 26. Griniling:To grind on stone

vattwnk

To grind on mill-stone

To grind on mortar

rogddunh

To rub on stone

zhoronok, ghansunh

d,ollunk

I ili, ,1iir

i,i . ll, ,,t

:lt:-

iiu

5+-

lil, .rl

Oil mill -. ghonno To grind mill ghanno rnollunh

27. Pigs:PiS

ddukor, sukor

Sow (female of pig)

Young pig

Pigling

ddubachzm

cldukory

solog

Wild boar

fil.

Porcupine -

holl, srnom

28.

Cock

kombo

Hen

sailtr,

gglla!

nom\i

Cock and hen

kunhod,d

Hen qr cock for breed

biallachi kombi

rso

kombo

Brood-hen

- rooannechi hombi Coclr crows - kombo sad ghalta Hen clucks kombi honheta EgS - tantim 29. Master:Master moulding discipie (in bonis moribus) Teacher imparting knowledge shennvoi

guru

-' shennoi, shennui,

shenno,im,

-35 30.

Froctions

One and half (l

l) -

d'edd

Two and half (28) - oddoich, sadde d,on Three and half (3*)

ovtth, saclde tin

Four and half (a*) - chooddam, sadde chear

Five and half (5*) Half

ord, ordek

Half-day

ades

Half.day worker Quarter

Ponchd,dam, sadcle fianch

adeshar

chovanto, chovthoi

Minus one quarter

pavnno

Six and three quarters Buarter.seer

Partnni sat

paosher

One and quarter

sovay

Three and quarter

sovay tin

31. Pregnant:Pregnant woman - garv$t, gorbest, bhoilongachi, don. ;iivanchi Pregnant animal

gabnni

Ginger:Green ginger

Dry ginger

suntl

aletn

3633. Steps:* Stone step

sopann

Ladder step

3+. Lame:

Lame of legs

fanvddo, ddel,lem

fangllo,longddo

(With) crooked legs Lame of hands Hunch back

fdngo

thontto

- Mgo,

pongddo

35. Blinil:Blind

andWo, ondoh

One-eyed, squint

-hnd,&o,

36. Axe:Axe

kurad,d,

Big ate

Small

hurdcldo karacldem

hanfio, hannsa, tirso, malos

--37 The vocabularies of the Jesuit fathers cannot claim to be a perfect work. The padres wer6 not conversant with Indian languages and with devanagari script; their ears and their tongue would not easily be adju,.ted to the Konkani voices, 'and. tbe Roman characters, even with the help of diacritical marksn would s6rve little purpose; then the misunderstandings, mistalres, negligence and igncrance of informants would add to their difficulties. Yet the said vocabularies constitute a rich mioe of precious ore of the Konkani language, providing ample possibility for deeper exploitati,rn ; the deficiencies, either phonetic, orthographic or else, need to be made up by-the help of ctymology.