REEEP Annual Report 2013/2014 by REEEP

REEEP Annual Report 2013/2014

INVESTING IN CLEAN ENERGY MARKETS

REEEP is an international non-profit organization that advances markets for clean energy in developing countries. There, we build scale and replication by connecting funding to projects, practice to knowledge and knowledge to policy. REEEP uses donor funding to support a portfolio of high potential ventures that create energy access and combat climate change,

often attracting private finance. REEEP monitors and evaluates projects within their policy, financial and commercial environments to gain insight into opportunities and barriers. REEEP feeds this knowledge back into the project, the portfolio and the policy framework to continuously advance markets for clean energy. This document is printed on paper from sustainable sources.

The text in this document may be reproduced free of charge provided it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. Material must be acknowledged as REEEP copyright and the title of the document specified. Copyright ÂŠ REEEP (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership) 2014

In Kenya, a solar-powered irrigation pump can drastically improve yields and income for smallholder farmers, and, unlike diesel pumps, emits no emissions. (Credit: Futurepump)

REEEP Donors 2013/2014 Government of Austria Government of Norway Government of Great Britain Government of Germany Government of Switzerland The Climate and Development Knowledge Network The OPEC Fund for International Development Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Governing Board REEEP’s Governing Board is responsible for the conduct of business in accordance with REEEP Statutes, and holds office for a period of four years. The Governing Board develops and oversees key strategic direction, targets, timeframes and priorities; prepares financial rules and accounting systems; and guides the operations of REEEP’s International Secretariat. GOVERNING BOARD MEMBERS

Alfred Ofosu-Ahenkorah, Energy Commission, Ghana — Chair Elfriede More, Ministry for Agriculture and Environment, Austria — Deputy Chair & Rapporteur Henry Derwent, International Emissions Trading Association — Treasurer Martin Schöpe, Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy, Germany — Deputy Treasurer Amal Lee Amin1, E3G, United Kingdom Maher Chebbo, SAP AG, France Philip Ischer2, State Secretary for Economic Affairs, Switzerland Mark Fogarty, First Energy Asia, Australia Pradeep Monga, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Rajendra K. Pachauri, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Even Stormoen, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway Piotr Tulej, European Commission — Directorate General Climate Action Martijn Wilder, Baker and McKenzie, Australia

Advisory Board The REEEP Advisory Board comprises eminent experts and thinkers in the clean energy and related fields, who provide the organization with high-level expertise and strategic guidance. Members are invited by the Director General and approved by the Governing Board. ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS

James Cameron, Climate Change Capital — Chair Harish Hande, SELCO Aled Jones, Global Sustainability Institute, Anglia Ruskin University Mark Lambrides, The World Bank Kevin Nassiep, South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI) Leslie Parker, Renewable Energy and International Law Project Paul Savage, Nextek Power Systems / EMerge Alliance Steve Sawyer, Global Wind Energy Council Sven Teske, Greenpeace International Richenda Van Leeuwen, UN Foundation

1. Joined in May 2014 2. Replaced Stefan Denzler in May, 2014

REEEP OVERVIEW 2013/2014 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27

REEEP Portfolio Investment Accelerator Portfolio + Policy Lab: Practice-based Policy Portfolio + Open Knowledge: Monitoring & Evaluation Open Knowledge: Climate Knowledge Brokers Group 2013/2014 REEEP Portfolio Focal Area: The Water-Energy-Food Nexus Focal Area: Sustainable Urban Transport

REEEP ACTIVITIES 2013/2014 32 Activities Highlights 2013/2014 34 Focal Areas 36 Project Selection and Investment Highlights 42 Policy 52 54 Regional Spotlight 58 Data and Knowledge Management 59 Communication and Strategic Projects Events 60

GOVERNANCE AND FINANCIAL 63 Governance 66 Financial

Message from the Director General

REEEP is in the business of driving transitions: from dirty energy to clean energy, from wasteful practices to efficient processes, from data sets to contextualized knowledge and, perhaps most importantly, from donor-funded to market viable. It is thus appropriate that the 2013/2014 year was a year of transition for REEEP itself. Building upon a decade of experience managing donor funds for nearly two hundred clean energy projects in the developing world; upon a portfolio with over 90% success rates in delivering outcomes; upon robust and trusted project and financial oversight processes; upon the world’s most-visited clean energy information portal and unique role at the forefront of the Open Data movement; and together with an international network of clean energy experts, entrepreneurs, policy makers and institutional partners: REEEP was taking the next step. To better direct our efforts toward helping the highest-quality ventures in highpotential markets, we drastically improved our market research and focal area development capabilities. To better understand how our efforts are affecting – and being affected by – conditions on the ground, we developed an enhanced monitoring and evaluation system, which will de-risk new businesses and business models, feed insights from our portfolio into practice-based policy development, and further into targeted policy and outreach efforts. The first of these efforts – in the water-energy-food nexus – is well underway. At the same time REEEP added for the first time its investment accelerator component, which will seek to transition graduates of REEEP’s venture portfolio to private, growth-stage investment. With a core partner organization already on board, all new REEEP enterprise projects will have access to this unique program. Meanwhile, REEEP expanded its role in the global knowledge broker community, developing new products and helping create the new Climate Knowledge Brokers Group, which will expand collaboration and cooperation between knowledge brokers well beyond the climate and development community to new sectors and fields, and help bridge the gaps that exist between them. In 2013/2014, REEEP set the course for the coming decade. In this sense, this Annual Report is not just a look back but also shows what you can expect to come over the following years. Martin Hiller

REEEP Overview 2013/2014

REEEP

Annual Report 2013/2014

REEEP

has four pillars that work in concert to drive clean energy market development in the developing world.

REEEP PORTFOLIO

is REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s family of high-potential clean energy projects in key focal areas, carefully selected and supported to stimulate market growth.

INVESTMENT ACCELERATOR graduates REEEP enterprise projects, helping transitioning from donor funds to private financing.

POLICY LAB

extracts policy insights from REEEP enterprise project experiences, communicates to stakeholders on the ground and further develops through targeted enabling projects.

OPEN KNOWLEDGE

manages REEEP knowledge assets, advocates for Open Data and develops tools and services to help knowledge brokers better collaborate. 13

REEEP

Annual Report 2013/2014

REEEP PORTFOLIO REEEP’s family of high-impact ventures is a catalyst for clean energy market growth in the developing world. REEEP actively scouts and recruits among entrepreneurs, vets entries and performs due diligence, and invests donor grant funding into promising endeavors. We measure ROI not in money, but in markets changed. REEEP holds two portfolios, each playing a crucial role in market development: Enterprise Portfolio — Building Scale

Enabling Portfolio — Replicating Success

The enterprise portfolio directly helps businesses build scale and grow through a seed-level grant funding of up to €350,000 to launch or expand new clean energy technology and services. Selected entrepreneurs receive more than just a grant: through the new investment accelerator component, run in close partnership with CTI PFAN, REEEP provides mentoring to entrepreneurs in developing business plans and improving processes, and facilitates connections to private investors.

REEEP enterprise projects provide critical insights into practical experiences in specific market realities. REEEP translates these insights into knowledge and action, working with policy makers to better understand the practical effects of regulatory and other policy decisions, and design policy tools to create a better enabling environment — the conditions necessary for vibrant energy entrepreneurship. These practice-based policy insights feed back into REEEP’s work, directing investments into the enabling portfolio: non-enterprise policy efforts toward improving enabling environments in specific countries and regions. SEE PAGE 36 FOR MORE

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REP Enabling Portfolio

Practice-based Policyy

SCAL Enterprise Portfolio

REEEP and EDS Sustenergy are helping cassava processors in Brazil use waste for energy, reducing firewood consumption, waste contamination and carbon emissions. (Credit: EDS Sustenergy) 15

REEEP

Annual Report 2013/2014

INVESTMENT ACCELERATOR REEEP is working to address a major gap in market growth for clean energy in the developing world: the transition from public and donor funding to growth stage commercial investment. The biggest hurdle to this transition is not lack of investors, but rather of bankable, investment-worthy projects. REEEP’s new investment accelerator component bridges the gap between early project viability and sustainable market success. Entrepreneurs selected for the REEEP portfolio are brought into a multi-year preparation program, given seed-level grants of up to €300,000 and access to the REEEP network. The accelerator strengthens entrepreneurs through business training, mentoring and best-practice consulting drawn from the portfolio; the accelerator strengthens enterprises through targeted financial injections to “de-risk” projects.

Phased Financing Facility REEEP has teamed up with the Climate Technology Initiative’s Private Finance Advisory Network (CTI PFAN) to develop the Phased Financing Facility, a unique program to involve active investors and commercial specialists from CTI PFAN’s deep network in the REEEP portfolio discovery and management process, preparing REEEP project graduates to transition from donor to private financing. Over the next four years, REEEP seeks to leverage €50 million of donor funding into €1 billion of private investment in clean energy solutions by 2022. SEE PAGE 37 – 38 FOR MORE

€1 billion in private investment by 2022

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3.Co

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The sunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy put to use in processing pink pepper in Brazil, thanks to support from Instituto Ecoengenho and REEEP. (Credit: Ecoengenho) 17

REEEP

Annual Report 2013/2014

PRACTICE-BASED POLICY Portfolio + Policy Lab REEEP follows a push-pull philosophy â&#x20AC;&#x201C; pushing clean energy entrepreneurs and business models up while pulling policy change toward creating a better enabling environment for them to grow and thrive. In 2014, REEEP will for the first time test its practice-based policy program, a service that generates knowledge based on bottom-up insights and information gleaned from market realities to inform top-down policy making processes.

The backbone of the practice-based policy program is REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s redesigned portfolio monitoring and evaluation framework, which gathers more and higher-quality data from the portfolio than ever before, while streamlining a rapid analysis and policy planning process undertaken together with selected partner institutions. SEE PAGE 52 FOR MORE

In Peru, a REEEP-supported green loan model helps finance solar water heaters (above) and improved cooking ovens. 19

REEEP

Annual Report 2013/2014

MONITORING & EVALUATION Portfolio + Open Knowledge REEEP supports entrepreneurs with big ideas to shift markets for clean energy in developing countries, while extracting insights for policy advice to further stimulate growth. Yet how does a non-profit organization with a low-carbon development agenda integrate for-profit market actors as change agents? To meet this challenge, REEEP designed an innovative monitoring and evaluation framework for managing its enterprise portfolio that empowers entrepreneurs to pursue business objectives unhindered, while demonstrating the mechanisms through which those objectives promote REEEP and donor development agendas. The system incorporates key elements from several tried-and-true monitoring & evaluation approaches. The result is a robust and resilient framework for managing a portfolio of enterprise activities working in concert to shape social and environmental change on the ground.

The monitoring & evaluation framework is built into REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proprietary project management software to ensure seamless integration into REEEP operations. This knowledge-driven solution enables ongoing evaluation and response, as well as long-term aggregation and synthesis for input into priorities for the enabling environment portfolio. REEEP is working with the Climate Knowledge Brokers Group to make portfolio data freely available and accessible. SEE PAGE 36 FOR MORE

A SELCO portable solar electricity generation unit on a temporary dwelling in Bangalore (Credit: Mallikarjun Katakol)

REEEP

Annual Report 2013/2014

OPEN KNOWLEDGE Since the launch of reegle.info in 2005, REEEP has been a leader in global efforts to promote and publish Open Data for climate and development data and knowledge. Oceans of Information The picture in 2014 is vastly different from that of 2005, when REEEP first launched reegle.info, and with it the first climate and energy information portal to utilize Linked Open Data.Today we are no longer challenged by a lack of data, but are instead overwhelmed with oceans of information. But how to navigate and make sense of this information? To meet this challenge, REEEP is now focusing not on information pages and portals, but on the architecture underlying global knowledge brokering.

To facilitate use of Open Data among the knowledge broker community – not only in climate and development but across the entire spectrum of relevant sectors – REEEP has developed its Climate Tagger toolkit, a growing suite of tools to help organizations better structure and link their data within and across sectors.

Climate Knowledge Brokers Group

Data and information come in all sizes and shapes from diverse sources around the globe. A new generation of ‘knowledge brokers’ has emerged to help signpost and improve access to knowledge resources for end users.

To help knowledge brokers across various sectors connect and collaborate, REEEP took a lead role in creating the Climate Knowledge Brokers (CKB) Group, and was in 2013/2014 selected by members to host the official CKB Group Coordination Hub. The CKB Group, supported by a three year grant from the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) will lead capacity building, knowledge sharing and coordination efforts between members.

Generating, Enabling and Connecting Knowledge

SEE PAGE 58 FOR MORE

Knowledge Brokers

To improve its own knowledge, REEEP is applying Open Data thinking and instruments to its own portfolio, improving categorization and contextualization of portfolio data and making it freely available to all.

REEEP

Annual Report 2013/2014

2013/2014 REEEP Portfolio In 2013/2014 the REEEP portfolio included 53 ongoing projects with impact across more than 23 countries. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK USED TO STUDY COMPANIES OPERATING IN THE ENERGY ACCESS MARKET In 2012, the International Finance Corporation (IFC)1, in cooperation with the Government of Austria, released a ground breaking report of business models for scaling up energy access in the developing world. The report looked at a number of case studies, drilling down to compare key elements both of commercial business models, as well as of the policy-driven ecosystem conditions in which businesses operate.

FUEL LEGAL & REGULATORY

DESIGN / R&D Development of product or service offerings for the market

PRODUCTION / GENERATION CORPORATE FINANCE Accessing investment and working capital to fund growth and operations

Manufacturing of products or generation of electricity

MARKETING Creating awareness of new offerings

SALES & DISTRIBUTION SUBSIDIES Using public monies to break even or produce profits

CARBON FINANCE Securing income from carbon credit

Finding customers and delivering the product or service

BILLING / PAYMENT Collection of revenues from customers, product payment, or fee for service

CONSUMER FINANCE Providing a means to reduce the up-front cost of purchase

AFTER SALES Service, maintenance, and repairs

VALUE CHAIN

ECOSYSTEM CONDITIONS

Tariffs, legal requirements, and other policy-related factors

Supply of cooking fuels, procurement of fuels / foodstock for mini-utilities or central utilities

REEEP ACTIVE PROJECT PORTFOLIO

ECOSYSTEM CONDITIONS

l l l l

l 46% Value Chain l 43% Ecosystem Conditions l 11% Hybrid

65% Legal & Regulatory 13% Corporate Finance 13% Subsidies 9% Carbon Finance

REEEP analysed its 2013/2014 active project portfolio using the IFC methodology to provide a better understanding of how REEEP projects are using funding to scale up clean energy markets.

The REEEP portfolio included 23 projects funding efforts specifically addressing the ecosystem conditions to facilitate an enabling environment for clean energy markets. The vast majority (65%) used REEEP financing to address legal and regulatory issues.

VALUE CHAIN

LEGAL & REGULATORY

l 28% Sales & Distribution l 24% Fuel l 16% Design / R&D l 12% Production l 8% Consumer Finance l 8% Marketing l 4% Billing / Payment

l 32% Standards and Quality Assurance l 27% Infrastructure l 14% Licensing and Permitting l 14% Taxes, Tarriffs and Duties l 9% Investment and Financial Policy l 4% Legal Frameworks, Contracts

The REEEP portfolio included 25 projects funding efforts specifically addressing commercial processes with the value chain. Of REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s enterprise portfolio 28% used REEEP financing to address sales and distribution of clean energy services, while 24% used REEEP financing on generating or creating awareness of clean energy fuel sources.

Within the legal and regulatory subset, REEEP projects focused greatly (in 59% of projects) on addressing standards and quality assurance regulations, and setting up appropriate information and technical infrastructure to enable clean energy markets to thrive.

REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s active project portfolio included 23 projects focusing on ecosystem conditions and 25 on the business value chain. 6 projects were hybrids.

2013/2014 PROJECTS BY SECTOR

l 24% Solar l 21% Policy Planning l 17% Industrial Energy Efficiency l 7% Open Knowledge l 6% Urban Infrastructure Efficiency l 6% Biomass l 6% Renewable Energy (Other) l 5% Energy Efficient Buildings l 4% Hydro l 4% Financial Transitions

REEEP

Annual Report 2013/2014

FOCAL AREA The WaterEnergy-Food Nexus Water, energy and food systems are inextricably interconnected. Water and energy are needed to produce food; water is needed for almost all forms of power generation; energy is required to treat and transport water. The relationships and trade-offs within this triangle of resources are known collectively as the water-energy-food nexus. Understanding water-energy-food inter-linkages and managing them holistically is critical to sustainability in the sector. But while some private enterprises in the agrifood sector understand the significance of the nexus — and some have already seen competitive advantages in nexus-driven solutions for sustainable crop management, processing, distribution and retailing — most do not. REEEP in 2013/2014 advanced its nexus efforts, focusing in particular on the agrifood sector — the most prominent single subsector within the nexus, accounting for some 80% of total freshwater use2, 30% of total energy demand3, and 12-30% of man-made greenhouse gas emissions worldwide4. With global food production expected to increase 70% by 20505, the agrifood sector is facing unprecedented resource pressures, with more on the horizon. REEEP’s nexus focus began with the nexus portfolio within the 9th Call — nine projects that demonstrated small and medium-sized enterprise approaches to making nexus thinking both profitable and sustainable. Building upon those projects is an in-house study, commissioned by FAO, on nexus-driven business cases within the agrifood sector. The new 10th Call specifically targets clean energy enterprise development in the sector. SEE PAGE 34 FOR MORE

The REEEP-supported Sunflower Solar Pump solar-steam irrigation system in action in Kenya (Credit: Futurepump)

REEEP

Annual Report 2013/2014

FOCAL AREA Sustainable Urban Transport Cities worldwide are seeing an explosion of transport demand. Automobile traffic costs cities billions of dollars per year in lost productivity, pollution, accidents and management, and the transport sector is now the world’s fastest-growing source of greenhouse gas emissions6.

The solution is effective, efficient urban public transport

Demographic and Passenger Movement Data

Current Transport System Data

Urban Development

Economic Data

OPEN TRANSPORT DATA EXCHANGE

REEEP intends to harness the power of open data to accelerate development and increase usage of sustainable transport in large cities in emerging economies. REEEP believes that linking and opening up existing data will improve transport planning and increase passenger access to information.

The impact on the ground can be considerable: • Rapid, large-scale sustainable transport implementation suited to the needs of cities and users • High social, economic and environmental return on sustainable transport investments • Increased use of public transport and decreased use of personal motorized vehicles, translating to less congestion and fewer accidents • Reduced fossil fuel consumption, leading to reductions in CO2 and other pollutant emissions • Improved access to affordable and safe mobility, especially for the poor

APP DEVELOPERS

PASSENGERS timetables and route planning via mobile phone

CITY GOVERNMENT TRANSPORT PLANNERS

unlocking investment decisions

TRANSPORT OPERATORS increase and improved services

SEE PAGE 35 FOR MORE

REEEP Convergence

INVESTMENT ACCELERATOR PHASED FINANCING FACILITY

POLICY LAB PRACTICE–BASED POLICY POLICY PLANNING & OUTREACH

REEEP PORTFOLIO ENTERPRISE PORTFOLIO ENABLING PORTFOLIO

WATER–ENERGY–FOOD NEXUS ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT

OPEN KNOWLEDGE MONITORING AND EVALUATION CLIMATE KNOWLEDGE BROKERS GROUP OPEN DATA ADVOCACY REEGLE.INFO

REEEP Activities

2013/2014

The previous 29 pages have given an overview of REEEP in 2013/2014; the following pages provide a more detailed look at the activities, events, efforts and milestones that marked REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s progress over the 2013/2014 period.

2.1

ACTIVITIES HIGHLIGHTS 2013/2014

l REEEP stages exhibition of 30 renewable energy projects at Vienna Energy Forum, holds project implementers meeting l REEEP presents 1 billion mÂ˛ for the first time at the Energy Efficiency Global Forum in Washington D.C.

l l REEEP and CTI PFAN begin collaboration on the Phased Financing Facility l REEEP and CREIA host energy efficient buildings workshop in Beijing and regional preparatory meeting for East Asia

l REEEP organizes Linked Open Data Workshop in Bonn

l REEEP and OAS hold regional preparatory meeting for Latin America & Caribbean in Iguazu Falls, Brazil

l REEEP co-organizes CKB Group annual workshop, leading to agreement on establishing global coordination hub

l REEEP participates in World Bank Climate Smart Planning Platform steering group meeting

l REEEP presents at European Data Forum

2013

l REEEP runs W3C Open Data Workshop, spurs launch of Sustainable Urban Transport focal area

APR

MAY

JUL

JUN

AUG

SEP

l discovering and demonstrating technologies, models, solutions l promoting and expanding open knowledge l pursuing an enabling environment for clean energy markets l moving private investment in clean energy

for scale

l The World Bank commissions REEEP to produce country factsheets for International Renewable Energy Forum Mexico in May 2014

l l REEEP secures Austrian government funding for 10th Project Call

l l REEEP introduces new monitoring & evaluation framework

l REEEP develops practice-based policy concept for 10th Project Call

l REEEP and SANEDI host Johannesburg workshop on energy efficiency in housing sector

l REEEP receives Google grant

l REEEP selected to host CKB Group Coordination Hub ll REEEP presents on Open Data at ICT 2013: Digital Agenda for Europe in Vilnius

ll With the FAO as a partner, REEEP launches water-energy-food nexus business case project based on the REEEP portfolio

l REEEP hosts official side event on the Climate Knowledge Brokers Group at the COP-19 in Warsaw

l REEEP holds first Advisory Board meeting at the World Future Energy Summit

l REEEP launches reegle mobile, a mobile app of the reegle. info knowledge portal

l REEEP and CTCN join to extend reegle thesaurus

2014

l REEEP & SANEDI hold regional preparatory meeting for Southern Africa in Johannesburg

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

2.2

FOCAL AREAS

To best support the growth of clean energy markets in developing countries, REEEP focuses on developing insights, nurturing networks and creating impact in several specific, high-potential areas — REEEP focal areas. REEEP focal areas are sectors, countries or crosscutting themes in which REEEP has developed special experience and expertise through prior project calls, in-house research efforts and network collaboration.

2.2.1

WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS: AGRIFOOD VALUE CHAINS

REEEP financed nine projects focusing on the water-energy-food nexus through its 9th Call (2013–2015) and made the nexus the central focus of the 10th Project Call (2014–2016). In addition, REEEP made significant strides in 2013/2014 in bolstering its experience in translating nexus concepts into market growth on the ground. REEEP built on expertise gathered through 9th Call management, and participating in key nexus-themed conferences, including the SECO (Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs) Sustainable Value Chain Event in Zurich and the Berlin2013 Policy Forum “Realizing the Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus”, co-hosted by the German Cooperation and Development Ministry and Environment Ministry, and organized by German Federal Enterprise for International Cooperation (GIZ). REEEP also conducted an internal market research process to better understand the key subsectors and actors within the nexus that fed into the 10th Call development. The 10th Call will add clean energy entrepreneurs to the REEEP enterprise portfolio and further drive the development of market viable clean energy solutions for the agrifood sector. REEEP was commissioned by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations to conduct a short study on business cases within the water-energy-food nexus, which will focus on entry points, opportunities and constraints for enterprises at all levels within the agrifood (food-producing and processing agricultural) sector. REEEP joined forces with the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) to co-lead a High Impact Initiative (HII) on the nexus as part of the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) nexus High Impact Opportunity (HIO), coordinated by the FAO and the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The HII is designed to push applications of the water-energy-food nexus in the field. The partners, which also include the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the World Bank, met in Abu Dhabi during Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week.

2.2.2

2.2.3

SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT:

ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS:

The REEEP focus on sustainable urban transport is a logical consequence of REEEP’s Open Knowledge efforts, experience gathered through the project selection and finance program, and recognition of specific opportunities in the area gained through exchanges in the first quarter, particularly at the European Data Forum and the W3C Open Data Workshop.

REEEP presented its initiative for positive energy buildings, “1 Billion m2” at the May 2013 EE Global conference. The effort, in collaboration with the Global Buildings Performance Network (GBPN), strives to bring about the creation of 1 billion square meters of positive energy buildings — buildings that produce more energy than they consume — by 2023.

The project “Linking Open Data to Support Urban Transport” (LOD Transport) promotes the operationalization of transport data to increase efficiency, just as REEEP’s knowledge brokering efforts increase efficiency in the knowledge realm. Through this effort, REEEP intends to help booming cities in the developing world open up a wealth of transport data now held in closed silos, helping passengers find the right solutions at the right time, transport operators better understand user needs and movements, and city officials better plan infrastructure and expansion.

The 1 Billion m2 effort focused in 2013/2014 on South Africa and China, two critical areas for urban-built environment growth over the next decade.

LINKED OPEN DATA FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT

1 BILLION SQUARE METERS

REEEP is taking the LOD Transport project forward together with partners such as the World Wide Web Foundation and the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy, and is currently focusing on Latin America, Africa and South Asia. REEEP attended and hosted workshops on General Transit Feed Specifications (GTFS), a key technical element in implementation, in November 2013 and January 2014, respectively. REEEP has also been developing contacts in Africa and Latin America, and has submitted project proposals already for a transport project in Kenya and an EU Horizon 2020 project on open data and transport. The Southern Africa Regional Secretariat also contributed to transport discussions in the region, meeting with the Cape Town Commissioner of Transport, and facilitating cooperation with the ‘Digital Matatus’ team from the University of Nairobi School of Computing, Columbia University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. REEEP is currently in discussions with the Mexican government, GIZ, EMBARQ and the Transit Center on projects in the Sustainable Urban Transport focus area.

REEEP brought the initiative to South Africa, which faces unique challenges in the buildings sector, primarily in low-income housing. In March, REEEP co-hosted the first of a series of high-level working groups on energy efficiency in the housing sector together with the South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI). Over fifty delegates took part in the working group from key international and local hubs, including government representatives, scientists and researchers, financiers and foundation leaders, international organizations and the private sector, among others. In China, REEEP, GBPN and CREIA – the Chinese Renwable Energy Industry Association – teamed up with Swiss-Chinese architecture office X6 Architecture to investigate approaches for the country. This included consultations with the GIZ China office and a community of European Beijing embassies, as well as with the Energy Foundation in Beijing and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Also in 2013, GBPN began development of initial building-blocks for a long-term initiative: baseline scoping and analysis for appropriate regions and sectors, concept-development and definition-setting and fundraising activities.

2.3

PROJECT SELECTION AND INVESTMENT

2.3.1

REEEP portfolio management upgrades The engine behind REEEP’s project portfolio underwent the most expansive behind-the-scenes overhaul since its inception. This included significant investments into intellectual capital to buttress REEEP’s technical and thematic insight, new and improved processes to enhance system resiliency and project outcomes, and innovative solutions to increase chances of successful public-private investment transitions and market growth via REEEP portfolio graduates. In 2013/2014 REEEP invested in process redesign – including monitoring and evaluation strategy and methodologies and technical specifications – and thematic focus research and development to better understand and shape our portfolio management engine, and to better focus our efforts on high-potential business plans, technologies and markets for sustainable impact, the 10th Project Call.

PROJECT IMPLEMENTERS MEETING The 2013 project implementers meeting took place amid the Vienna Energy Forum, one of Europe’s largest and most influential energy events. REEEP engaged all 27 project implementers from the 9th Call in the conference, facilitating new ideas, knowledge and experience-sharing, and relationship-building. REEEP project implementers showcased their projects as part of a reception co-hosted by REEEP and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

Market Research for High Impact Opportunities The 2013/2014 period saw the launch of REEEP Focal Areas (see 2.2), which concentrated REEEP efforts and portfolios into several high-potential areas and sectors. As part of the REEEP Focal Area on the water-energy-food nexus, REEEP further delved into the sector with an internal market research effort to determine high-potential leverage points within the nexus. REEEP’s market research led to a special focus on the agrifood (food-producing agricultural) sector, and specifically channeling support toward small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Monitoring and Evaluation for Understanding and Accountability REEEP was founded on the understanding that, for the sustainability movement to take hold — and be itself sustainable — it must be rooted in the modern market economy. REEEP was

thus designed as a catalyst for market activity that would shift societies away from hydrocarbon-based energy and toward renewable energy and efficiency solutions, while bringing new energy access to those without. REEEP focuses primarily on entrepreneurs at the SME level using proven and reliable existing technologies. But straddling the private and public sectors in this area comes with challenges: To reconcile profit-seeking business activity with public good-seeking, donor-driven activities, REEEP designed a Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) framework that would allow entrepreneurs to pursue business objectives while clearly demonstrating the mechanisms through which those business activities further REEEP’s and REEEP’s donors’ development agendas, and at the same time working with the entrepreneurs to discover and develop pro-growth policy solutions for governments to maintain market inertia. REEEP began the process with an internal assessment of institutional and donor needs for project-related data and information collection, analysis and processing, including workshops and consultations with external experts. REEEP conducted an extensive review of M&E theories and strategies, and developed a proprietary composite M&E framework with elements of Theory of Change, Logframe Analysis, Outcome Mapping and Most Significant Change to meet the unique requirements of REEEP portfolio management. Through this composite instrument, we can ensure that the methodological weaknesses of one method are offset by the strengths of others. Theory of Change (ToC) is a well-known framework for mapping causal linkages between specific events and outcomes that demonstrates how collections of outcomes form so-called “pathways of change” toward specific goals. A ToC is constructed in reverse, beginning with specific long-term objectives, toward which the constructed pathways of change are directed. Specific indicators are developed to measure progress at each level of the pathway, varying both in type and magnitude to reflect the level of change underway (i.e. from litres of fresh water to tonnes of CO2 emitted to annual investment figures). Private sector actors do not work in ToCs, so REEEP included an enhanced Logframe — which would use inputs similar to those of a typical business plan and corporate review and accounting practices — as well as outcome mapping and Most Significant Change-retrieval to ensure REEEP has information on how external stakeholders are operating, and whether and how significant events are impacting business success. The M&E framework is now being built into REEEP’s proprietary project management software system to ensure seamless interaction between projects and the REEEP project management team, and allow ongoing rapid evaluation and response, as well as long term aggregation and analysis for input in future project calls.

Providing appropriate funding for each part of the business life cycle As indicated in figure 4.4, there are a number of places along the business life cycle where investors can play a role. The early part of the cycle lends itself to impact investors while, as companies mature, they are a more natural fit for commercial investors. What is key is that financing is needed throughout. The early stages of the company life cycle often require concessional finance79 to cover business model conceptualization, piloting, and other activities that get the business to proof of concept.

FINANCING NEEDS AND OBSTACLES EARLY IN THE COMPANY LIFE CYCLE

Investors must address the “missing middle” funding needs of the sector between $50,000–$100,000 and $3–$5 million.

Business Model Development

Proof of Concept

Maturity

Proﬁtability

The provision of mezzanine ﬁnancing can enable banks to lend to projects that would not get debt ﬁnancing otherwise due to high risk.

Breakeven

Technology/business model advancement

Grant funding can support start-ups and build an investment pipeline.

Grant funds can help scale and replicate promising business models, possibly through incubators or by testing high-potential business models.

s "OTH CONCESSIONAL AND commercial debt and equity are required to ﬁnance the start-up and growth capital needs of early-stage energy access businesses. s $ONORS CAN FUND EXPENSIVE R&D that shows sectorwide promise.

Carbon preﬁnancing has potential to generate additional revenue for both cookstoves and some mini-grids, and more structured approaches could help make it more accessible.

Reprinted with permission of the IFC7

Commercial funds Concessional funds

Working capital at commerical rates is required throughout the business cycle. Double bottom line and commercial investors could offer trade ﬁnance to groups of companies in the same or related energy access spaces.

FIGURE 4.4: Financing is needed in three areas: To support companies in their early stages (start-up and growth capital), to support operations (working capital or trade finance), and to strengthen revenue streams Source: IFC analysis.

REEEP focuses on what the IFC calls “The missing middle”

REEEP INVESTMENT ACCELERATOR

Mentoring, De-Risking and Financial Transition for Growth and Sustainability Another key milestone of 2013/2014 was the development of an investment accelerator component to bridge the gap between REEEP’s seed-level grant funding and private financing for growth. The topic is not new; indeed the issue of private investment in clean energy was featured prominently in climate policy discussions even before the Copenhagen Accord in 2009, at which countries agreed to mobilize $100 billion in public and private money for climate change-mitigating efforts in developing countries. But while there is no shortage of private funds for investment per se, there continue to be too few bankable projects in which to invest.

REEEP has taken up this challenge and brought in our first partner, CTI PFAN, a network of private investors active in the clean energy sector. Together we are running the Phased Financing Facility beginning 2014. Entrepreneurs selected for the REEEP portfolio are brought into a multi-year preparation program, given seed-level grants of up to €300,000 and access to the REEEP network. Entrepreneurs are provided with business training and mentoring by CTI PFAN, and best-practice consulting by REEEP drawn from our portfolio. Projects will be vetted by CTI PFAN investment professionals, and receive targeted “de-risking” support to ensure bankability. CTI PFAN will facilitate direct connections to private investors.

INVESTMENT ACCELERATOR

Call REEEP releases a targeted call for proposals to its global network

Grant Selected entrepreneurs receive a seed-level grant of up to €300,000

Coach & Match Entrepreneurs are provided business training, mentoring and best-practice consulting

Due Diligence Targeted financial injections and due diligence procedures “de-risk” projects as necessary

Close Selected enterprises are matched with private investors in the clean energy and impact spaces

DISTRIBUTION OF REEEP PROJECTS BY CALL

3th call l 4th and 5th call l 6th call l 7th call l 8th call l OFID-REEEP call l 9th call l

35 28

REEEP FUNDING / CO-FUNDING BY CALL

€ million 14

2 REEEP funding l Co-funding l

9th call

OFID-REEEP call

8th call

7th call

6th call

4th and 5th call

3th call

2.3.2.

Full Project Porftolio (2004–2014) DISTRIBUTION OF REEEP PROJECTS BY REGION l 0 l 1 – 5 l 6 – 10 l 24 – 30 l 30+

HIGHLIGHTS 2013/2014

INDONESIA

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING Tofu and tempe are soy products that are staples of the Indonesian diet. The majority of producers are micro, small and medium sized enterprises (MSMEs), most of which operate under sub-standard, unhygienic conditions and use mainly firewood as fuel. REEEP supported Mercy Corps in transforming the industry and improving energy efficiency, livelihoods, health outcomes, working conditions and the environment by switching from firewood to Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG). Demonstration factories launched though the project have resulted in significant financial and carbon savings, in addition to sparing workers from the dangers of daily smoke inhalation. In addition, new stainless steel equipment and hygienic practices improve quality, potentially opening up new markets. Waste disposal has been improved, and further efforts are being made to recycle wastewater into biogas, which feeds back into the production process and lowers LPG usage by 35%. A REEEP portfolio effort led by the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology has further driven transformation in the sector, building a pilot biogas plant and exploring ways to replicate success throughout the country.

Credit: Mercy Corps

GLOBAL

SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY REEEP has regularly supported CanmetENERGY throughout the development of RETScreen 4, the RETScreen Performance Analysis module and Benchmark Analysis Tool, as well as the creation of RETScreen Clean Energy Legal & Policy Toolkits. All of these innovative tools are part of a free clean energy project analysis software suite that helps practitioners and decision makers quickly and inexpensively determine the technical and financial viability of potential renewable energy, energy efficiency and cogeneration projects. As of March 2014, the number of RETScreen users has surpassed 400,000 in 222 countries and territories. The software has been used for feasibility analyses of wind farms in Argentina, assessments of wave energy potential in Turkey, solar water heating systems in China, and to improve the energy efficiency of the Empire State Building in New York City, to name but a few. REEEP’s latest grant for the innovative software was to develop RETScreen Expert, a “next generation” version which will expand the software from a decision-making model for specialist engineers to an intelligent decision support tool for a much broader range of stakeholders over the entire project life cycle.

PERU

ENERGY ACCESS Approximately 6 million Peruvians do not have access to electricity. As a result, many suffer needless health and economic hardship and are deprived of basic economic opportunities. PowerMundo is a for-profit company specializing in developing, distributing and selling affordable clean energy products (such as solar lighting) to people in emerging markets. PowerMundo developed a network covering isolated regions of Peru, demonstrating that the business model can be scalable, replicable and self-sustaining. Recently, PowerMundo was selected as a winner out of hundreds of proposals for the Inter-American Development Bank IDEAS Energy Innovation Contest, an award which will enable them to further expand the efforts REEEP financing has helped them achieve.

KENYA

ENERGY ACCESS The high upfront cost of solar products is a major barrier to widespread adoption of decentralized, clean energy solutions in the developing world, and microfinance loans are typically unavailable for assets of this kind. Angaza Design has developed an innovative pay-as-you-go technology that enables off-grid customers to pay for high-quality solar products in small amounts over time, in a rent-to-own fashion. Micro-payments can be made with a mobile phone and this flexibility is well suited to customers’ often erratic cashflow. Since receiving support from REEEP, Angaza Design has attracted further funding from the USAID Development Innovations Venture (DIV). CEO Lesley Silverthorn Marincola was also named as an Echoing Green Fellow in 2013, and the company was recognized as one of Inc.com’s five “women-led start-ups to watch.”

Credit: Angaza Design

WEST AFRICA

EFFICIENCY STANDARDS West Africa, experiencing a boom in both economic development and associated demand for modern energy services, is suffering more and more electricity shortages. To combat the problem, member states of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA per its French name) adopted a regional initiative for sustainable energy development. REEEP supported this initiative through the establishment of a regional energy labelling scheme, implemented by Econoler. The scheme covered household appliances, such as refrigerators and lighting, which is one of the most cost-effective tools governments have for cutting peak loads. Following the completion of REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 8th program cycle, UEMOA has pledged a further â&#x201A;Ź1 million to implement national labelling systems based on the regional directive.

INDONESIA / JAKARTA

SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT Jakarta, like many rapidly-growing urban areas around the world, is facing an explosion in demand for transport solutions. The Institute for Transportation & Development Policy (ITDP) recognized an untapped demand for TransJakarta, Jakarta’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, and aimed to increase ridership from 330,000 passengers per day to 500,000. REEEP supported ITDP in optimizing and improving the BRT system and introducing ‘trunk/feeder’ and feeder services to expand ridership and mitigate nearly 2 million tonnes of CO2 over 10 years. In fact, the project exceeded its targets, introducing more buses and routes than initially projected. The project not only improved Jakarta’s public transport system, it showed BRT to be an affordable and effective alternative to costly subway systems, and demonstrated a vast potential to scale up and improve BRT systems elsewhere in the developing world.

Credit: Mallikarjun Katakol

INDIA

ENERGY ACCESS SELCO is one of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best-known social entreprises, seeking to eradicate poverty by promoting sustainable technologies in rural India. Since 1995 SELCO has expanded to support 38 energy service centres in India, and has installed solar lighting systems in over 160,000 households. SELCO has proven that investing in the poor is a smart move that truly make a difference. REEEP has supported SELCO through several financing rounds, helping develop innovative financing mechanisms and technologies that better meet the needs of the very poor, and in the process represent potential models for projects in other countries. SELCO has won numerous awards to date and has attracted additional funding from many donors, including the Ashden Awards and the Clinton Foundation.

2.4 POLICY

2.4.1.

PRACTICE-BASED POLICY Financial support to clean energy entrepreneurs is in many markets around the world not enough. The conditions in which they operate play a critical role in whether they succeed or fail. Because of this, REEEP has embraced a push-pull philosophy â&#x20AC;&#x201D; pulling clean energy entrepreneurs and business models up while pushing for policy change to create a better enabling environment for them to grow and thrive. A key challenge for many policy makers around the world is in understanding the needs of their specific markets. For the 10th Call, REEEP will for the first time be testing a newly-developed practice-based policy program: a service that informs top-down policy making processes with insights and information gleaned from market realities. The backbone of the practice-based policy program is REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s redesigned project monitoring and evaluation framework, which will gather more, higher-quality data from the project portfolio than ever before, while streamlining a rapid analysis and policy planning process undertaken together with selected partner institutions. REEEP and REEEP partners will translate these insights into knowledge and action, engaging policy makers, helping them better understand the practical effects of regulatory and other policy decisions, and use policy tools to create an enabling environment â&#x20AC;&#x201D; the conditions necessary for vibrant energy entrepreneurship to take off. REEEP will build on the knowledge gleaned from its portfolio through subsequent calls for the Enabling Portfolio, supporting research institutions, civil society organizations and other actors in directly developing and communicating innovative policy solutions to help countries improve their enabling environments.

2.4.2.

2.4.3.

THE RENEWABLE ENERGY INTERNATIONAL LAW (REIL) PROJECT

THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION NETWORK (SERN)

REEEP supports the REIL Project, an international network that brings together agents of change who inform and create energy policy and law, as well as financial frameworks on international, national and subnational levels.

The Sustainable Energy Regulation Network (SERN) facilitates the exchange of experience and knowledge between regulators and government officials on regulatory mechanisms and developments that contribute toward an enabling environment. SERN is the primary author of the reegle.info country policy profiles. SERN is funded by REEEP and co-ordinated by researchers at University College London â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Energy Institute (UK).

REIL creates a space for business leaders, policy makers, scholars, lawyers and science and technology experts to create synergies between industry, government, NGOs, IGOs and experts to identify and evaluate the challenges in moving to a low carbon society and the strategies to address them.

In 2013/2014, SERN maintained updating and referencing activities on the reegle.info policy profile sets, including new profiles for OECD countries.

In 2013/2014 REIL held roundtables and meetings at the Milken Institute, World Future Energy Summit, Cambridge University and Bloomberg Philanthropies, among others. REIL organized the first official REEEP Advisory Board meeting, which took place in Abu Dhabi during Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week.

2.5

REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT

REEEP focuses on advancing clean energy markets in the developing world, with 79 countries represented within our project portfolio, and project partners in many more. To better understand and respond to local needs, REEEP operates a network of regional secretariats, each hosted by an experienced and respected partner organization that shares REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dedication to furthering clean energy. Over the past ten years, REEEP regional secretariats have helped REEEP drive a clean energy agenda and deliver impact far beyond its size. Four country spotlights demonstrate the value of local expertise and networks, of patience and persistence, and of continuity in pursuing clean energy development worldwide. 2.5.1.

EAST ASIA â&#x20AC;&#x201D; SPOTLIGHT CHINA REEEP has been successfully pushing renewable energy and energy efficiency in China since 2005, supporting 37 efforts to date, engaging stakeholders from industry and government to encourage policy and best practices towards a greener future in China. Currently the REEEP East Asia office is hosted within the Chinese Renewable Energy Industry Association (CREIA), based in Beijing, China.

Sharing Knowledge

REEEP has helped Chinese decision makers build the foundation of change through:

REEEP has ensured that up-to-date information on clean energy reaches those who can benefit most by providing workshops and training sessions alongside research activities. This has engaged leaders in industry and government as well as local multipliers in civil society, boosting local expert capacity and potential for further project investment. REEEP has demonstrated in China that there is a future for renewable energy and energy efficiency to improve lives, grow the economy and reduce environmental damage.

Comprehensive Research

Setting Goals

REEEP has financed the drafting of thorough reports to better understand the state of renewables and efficiency in China, identifying roadblocks and high-potential areas for growth. These studies have raised awareness of clean energy and off-grid solutions such as wind power and biomass co-firing. Through this research, REEEP has enabled a broad scope of policy recommendations and contributed to successes of the Chinese government on several energy fronts. For example, the official national target of 5 GW installed wind power generation capacity by 2010 was realized three years ahead of time.

REEEP helps turn knowledge into action, demonstrated by pushing the development of roadmaps and setting targets to improve clean energy uptake in a number of areas in China. These include government procurement practices, increasing the share of renewable energy in total energy production, retrofitting buildings to improve efficiency, pushing forward its national-level carbon trading registry framework scheme, optimizing efficiency in factories and agriculture facilities, and streamlining regulatory processes. Furthermore, REEEP has supported China in unlocking the potential of renewable resources in impoverished areas, creating jobs and improving livelihoods.

The Chinese Renewable Energy Industries Association (CREIA) hosts the REEEP East Asia Regional Secretariat. CREIA, established in 2000, promotes the adoption of advanced technologies among renewable energy enterprises in China and actively develops capacity for the rapid industrialization of the Chinese renewable energy sector. CREIA was established in 2000, and obtained legal status as the Renewable Energy Professional Division of the China Comprehensive Resource Utilization Association from the Ministry of Civil Affairs on March 25, 2002. CREIA has attracted distinguished membership of more than 200 from industry, academics, organizations and individual experts. CREIA serves as a bridge between regulatory authorities, research institutes and industry professionals, providing a forum to discuss renewable energy development and advise the Government of China on strategic policy formulation. CREIA brings together national and international project developers and investors, promotes technology transfer and raises awareness of renewable energy investment opportunities through an online Investment Opportunity Facility, and regional networking and training activities. CREIA provides a network for the Chinese renewable energy business community, and provides a platform to voice their concerns collectively.

2.5.2.

SOUTH ASIA — SPOTLIGHT INDIA REEEP has had a strong track record of scaling up clean energy in India since the earliest projects in 2005. REEEP has invested over €4 million in Indian clean energy market development to date, with an additional €5.6 million in leveraged financing, supporting the development of sustainable energy solutions and innovative financing mechanisms to reach those most in need. Currently the REEEP South Asia office is hosted within the Asia Energy Institute (AEI) of The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), based in New Delhi, India.

Energy as Opportunity REEEP projects have proven that the provision of energy services can be linked to income generation and have made the case to financial institutions that the poor are a smart investment. A notable example is REEEP’s continued support of SELCO, which provides solar-charged LED lighting on the basis of innovative financing schemes in India’s slums and rural areas. These systems are safer and provide more light than typical kerosene lanterns, are often more reliable than on-grid lighting and offer long-term income savings from fuel expenditure. They are also manufactured in-country, and create jobs for entrepreneurs who oversee sales and maintenance within the villages. SELCO has served over 160,000 households to this day, and is currently collaborating with REEEP to establish a women’s energy cooperative that will provide energy services to thousands more households in the state of Bihar.

Thinking Big REEEP has been working with India for many years to integrate clean energy into large-scale infrastructure. For example, REEEP collaborated with key stakeholders to develop, implement and finance municipal energy projects such as energy efficient street lighting in the state of Madhya Pradesh. In the state of Tamil Nadu, 29 towns worked with REEEP to undertake a “bundle” of energy efficiency improvements in water supply and street lighting systems through a streamlined process, for the first time in India. REEEP portfolio project Swajal is now providing clean drinking water, purified using solar energy, to villages in the industrial belts surrounding major cities.

Power Policy REEEP has also taken steps to help Indian policy makers improve energy policy and regulatory systems, supporting these initiatives through risk mitigation workshops and engagement with stakeholders on corporate best practices. REEEP has financed technical support and awareness of efficient labelling of consumer goods, and has supported the empowerment of civil society groups to demand more ambitious clean energy regulations in the country. An example of this work was REEEP’s support for policy development on energy efficient buildings in the city of Bangalore, as well as the acceleration of Gold Standard-certified renewable energy projects throughout the country.

Also part of the REEEP portfolio is India’s Simpa Networks, which has created an innovative pay-as-you-go pricing plan for affordable solar home systems for the unbanked poor in India. Another REEEP venture, Nuru Energy, developed the world’s first commercially-available pedal generator, and is demonstrating commercial viability in off-grid households through a network of entrepreneurs and microfinance partners.

The Asia Energy Institute (AEI) at The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) hosts the REEEP South Asia Regional Secretariat. AEI is a network of 18 Asian institutes and 13 Associate member institutes from across the world. AEI conducts policy research on energy, resources, climate change and sustainable development issues with an Asian region perspective, and facilitates knowledge sharing and dissemination. TERI has provided its institutional strength to host and support AEI activities. TERI, established in 1974, is an independent, not-for-profit research organization deeply committed to energy, environment and sustainable development, and is one of the most reputed such institutions in India. AEI and TERI work together in a number of ways, such as pooling resources on network outreach and project implementation, as well as capacity building and training, among others.

2.5.3.

SOUTHERN AFRICA — SPOTLIGHT SOUTH AFRICA REEEP has been advancing clean energy in southern Africa since the first projects in the region launched in July 2005. Since then, REEEP has supported 22 portfolio projects in southern Africa, and helped shape the region’s clean energy progress over the decade. Currently the REEEP southern Africa office is hosted within the South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI), based in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Knowledge is Power One of the initial hurdles for any country seeking to become sustainable through the application of renewable energy and energy efficiency is having an accurate understanding of the opportunities and constraints involved, in order to develop and apply sound policy and regulation. REEEP has driven the development of various financial models and risk mitigation strategies for projects such as energy upgrades in low-income housing. REEEP continues to play a critical role in knowledge management and information collection, dissemination and sharing. This function allows the region to utilize data as part of energy development in policy formulation, research and development, monitoring and evaluation, as well as more practical implementation of renewable energy and energy efficiency hardware. REEEP works closely with the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Energy Thematic Group, Southern Africa Power Pool (SAPP) and many other organizations and committees in supporting energy development and initiatives and their progress in the sector. REEEP supports and promotes the engagement of industry, civil society and all levels of government to transfer knowledge of industry best practices and raise awareness of the benefits of clean energy. By making useable data and information available, solid business models, and numerous examples of success stories, REEEP has demonstrated that change in the energy sector is possible.

Building a Foundation Being able to pinpoint opportunities attracts further investment and enables market growth for clean energy. REEEP-funded Gold Standard workshops has also helped lead to market development and project launches, with certification enabling the sale of carbon credits and offsetting – key financial schemes for some clean energy business models. REEEP has also worked closely with municipal and provincial governments to help move a legal framework forward to promote large-scale rollout of solar water heaters and map out the road to national legislation.

Moving Forward REEEP recognizes the importance of building local capacity to ensure the sustainability and replication of clean energy markets in southern Africa. REEEP is currently involved in a number of focal areas and projects, including one exploring community-driven energy service delivery, aiming to catalyze long-term support from municipalities and investors and improve local knowledge of the potential of sustainable energy markets. REEEP is also supporting a cooperative venture between India, Indonesia and South Africa aiming to develop “solar cities” through clear, goal-oriented action plans. Focal areas in the region currently include the food-energy-water nexus, quantifying the benefits of energy access and energy efficiency in affordable housing. Each of these initiatives has not only been a step in the right direction for the environment, but also for job creation and poverty alleviation.

The South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI) hosts the REEEP Southern Africa Regional Secretariat. SANEDI was established by the South African Government and is dedicated to energy development and accelerating the awareness and uptake of green energy. Its current portfolios include Energy Data, Energy Efficiency, Advanced Fossil Fuels, Clean Energy Solutions, Green Transport and Smart Grids. SANEDI incorporates two prior entities: the South African National Energy Research Institute; and the National Energy Efficiency Agency, established in 2002, when South Africa was faced with an eroding energy research and development capacity in existing institutions outside of universities. The Institute’s primary mandate was to support and direct renewable energy research in both the private sector and at a tertiary level.

2.5.4.

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN — SPOTLIGHT BRAZIL REEEP in Brazil REEEP has a long history of pushing clean energy market change in Brazil via a broad spectrum of projects, from supporting the ecosystem conditions for clean energy to take off on a large scale, to expanding access to energy little-by-little in underserved communities. An Enabling Environment To support the large scale take-off of clean energy investments in Brazil, rather than having these technologies and solutions lay stagnant as fringe alternatives, REEEP understood that the coordination of all levels of government is necessary. REEEP was an active supporter of legal and regulatory groundwork in Brazil from the earliest days, beginning with a comprehensive treaty implementation database. This database increased the understanding of decision makers about how international agreements are implemented, and how to use law to facilitate market growth for clean energy. REEEP was also involved in the Latin American Regional Sustainable Energy Policy Development Initiative undertaken by the Organization for American States, which established a network within the Americas promoting collaborative work throughout the region to identify objectives and promote energy mix diversification towards sustainable alternatives. At the national level, early REEEP portfolio projects were involved with building government capacity to promote clean solutions in the electricity sector, as well as providing legal support for the implementation of a large-scale grid-connected solar photovoltaic program. Brazil now has a thriving wind industry, and a former REEEP project involved with supporting legislation and a regulatory framework for wind power in the country played an integral part in this. At the local level, REEEP is currently financing a project that will provide 27 small rural municipalities with an Alternative Energy Plan (AEP), based on their own specific potential alternative resources.

Expanding Investment In tandem with laying policy groundwork, REEEP has supported a number of ventures to encourage a strong investment climate for the sector in Brazil. REEEP had early success with supporting the establishment of a dedicated private equity investment fund for RE and EE, which broke new ground in a number of ways. It was the first equity fund of its kind in the country and enabled pension fund investment in the sector, made US$ 350 million in debt financing possible, and decreased the transaction costs involved in project construction. REEEP built on this success with further support for innovative financial mechanisms to accelerate solar water heating, and the development of an Energy Efficiency Fund for Brazil, for the implementation and financing of efficiency projects in the commercial and industrial sectors. More recently, a hybrid international/national financing approach was employed in Brazil to provide renewable energy financing to supplement local financial support for small farmers. On-the-Ground Impact While encouraging the development of a sound policy and financial foundation, REEEP is also active in supporting commercial ventures already making inroads on the ground, promoting inclusive, sustainable development. One such project introduced solar water heaters (SWH) to low income families during the construction of public housing and provided long term financing options, as part of the development of a national plan for SWH and energy efficiency. Installed capacity of SWH in public housing in Brazil is now mandatory and ongoing. Furthermore, REEEP is currently engaged in an initiative to scale up a business model to provide over 100 decentralized renewable energy plants for 60 communities in the Jari region of the Brazilian Amazon. Also, in the state of Minas Gerais, REEEP is supporting a project to replace incandescent light bulbs with efficient LED light bulbs and dimmer technologies, as part of the state’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The Organization of American States (OAS) hosts the REEEP Latin America and Caribbean Regional Secretariat. The OAS is the oldest regional organization in the world, founded in 1948 with its origins in the Pan American Union in order to promote peaceful relations in the Americas. The OAS brings together the 35 independent states of the Americas and is the main political forum of the region, giving space to the countries of North, Central and South America and the Caribbean to discuss common goals, prevent conflicts and contribute to the political stability, social inclusion and prosperity of the region. As expressed in its founding charter, the original concept of the OAS was to collectively form a community of nations in the Western Hemisphere that enjoy “within the framework of democratic institutions, a system of individual liberty and social justice based on respect for the essential rights of man.” Today, the basic principle of the hemispheric agenda is the protection and consolidation of democracy, and respect for the principles of non-intervention and territorial integrity. To achieve its strategic objectives, the OAS is based on four main pillars: the promotion of democracy, human rights, a multidimensional approach to security, and the promotion of development and prosperity.

2.6

DATA AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

The transformation in REEEP’s Open Knowledge Brokering has been no less dramatic than that of Project Selection and Finance. Since the launch of reegle.info in 2005, REEEP has continually been a leader in global efforts to promote Open Data for climate and development, and Linked Open Data as a technical strategy for managing how that data is expressed. While reegle.info as an information portal remains one of the leading online sources of climate and information, REEEP reached a strategic decision this year to concentrate on the backbone underlying global climate and development knowledge brokering, rather than the development and hosting of content itself. This decision was informed by REEEP’s recognition of a lack of integration of data and information from various otherwise interconnected sectors – a reality well illustrated by the food-water-energy nexus. Even within sectors, the broad lack of collaboration between brokers of knowledge results in significant inefficiencies for practitioners and incomplete information for decision makers. Since its launch in 2011, the Climate Knowledge Brokers (CKB) Group has convened major knowledge brokers in the field to discuss and develop strategies to better integrate data and knowledge portals — the reegle Tagging API was a major outcome of the CKB Group collaboration, among others. The group, now with over 40 member organizations, decided in 2013 to take the next step in its development by formally establishing a global coordination hub to manage joint efforts and drive the CKB Group agenda. Building on its significant contributions to CKB Group activities, including co-hosting a successful official side event at the Warsaw COP-19 in November of 2013, REEEP applied to host the coordination hub. REEEP received official notification of its selection to host the coordination hub in March, and quickly began assembling the necessary pieces to move the CKB Group forward in the coming quarter. Meanwhile, REEEP made significant headway in promoting and facilitating the use of the reegle Tagging API (see insert), Thesaurus and other knowledge tools among key players in the climate and development field, including the World Bank and the Global Green Growth Institute. REEEP highlighted reegle and its services at the European Data Forum, the W3C

Open Data Workshop and other events, including a dedicated “Linked Open Data Workshop” in Bonn, which brought together 11 international organizations seeking to foster innovation in sustainability through the use of linked open data. REEEP also hosted a side-event at the Open Knowledge Conference in Geneva, and shared the book Linked Open Data: The Essentials, co-authored by REEEP’s Florian Bauer, with interested participants. REEEP continued to upgrade and update technical tools, including launching a mobile version of reegle.info and a reegle glossary extension funded by the German Environment Ministry. REEEP further developed the reegle Tagging API to improve usability and expand the potential user base, adding, for instance, an option to tag documents without having to implement the service into a website (“upload and tag”), and extending the underlying thesaurus. REEEP was also engaged by the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) to extend the thesaurus to new sectors, including “the economics of adaptation” and “greenhouse gas emissions in industry”, as well as to create new plugins for well-known content management systems such as Drupal and CKAN. The World Bank is currently implementing the Tagging API into their Climate Smart Planning Platform, Leonardo Energy began using the API services extensively, and REEEP advised the Global Green Growth Institute on developing the new Green Growth Knowledge Platform (GGKP) website to best facilitate efficient incorporation of the Tagging API. The GGKP platform now utilizes the reegle Tagging API for several key features, such as the portal library. REEEP kicked off a compelling new open data project with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Stuttgart, joining a consortium to further develop the Solar-Med Atlas, which is designed to show renewable energy potentials in the Mediterranean region. REEEP will lead the work on opening up relevant socio-economic datasets, which can be integrated into the tool afterwards. In a first phase, REEEP will consult the Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE) and Observatoire Méditerranéen de l’Energie (OME) on how to use Linked Open Data, and will create socio-economic pages for each country covered by the region, which will be populated with data from various data providers.

2.7

COMMUNICATION AND STRATEGIC PROJECTS

REEEP Communication and Strategic Projects is responsible for managing REEEP internal and external communications and strategic projects, as well as the internal communications, media and outreach needs of REEEP programs, projects and partners. REEEP in 2013/2014 focused on continuing and improving baseline institutional communications activities; consulting and advising REEEP Focal Areas, Project Selection and Investment, and Data and Knowledge Management; and designing and implementing a comprehensive process to review and reshape REEEP’s holistic brand identity. REEEP institutional outreach in 2013/2014 began with the Vienna Energy Forum and project implementer meeting in May 2013, and continued with event outreach for the European Data Forum, Open Data W3C, and an official side-event for the Climate Knowledge Brokers at the UNFCCC COP-19 in Warsaw. REEEP presented on Open Data: an opportunity for smarter living, at ICT 2013: Digital Agenda for Europe in Vilnius, Europe’s premiere ICT (information and communication technology) event. REEEP had a strong presence at the World Future Energy Summit and Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week, at which REEEP participated in several events and held its inaugural Advisory Board meeting.

REEEP’s free Tagging APl (application programming interface) is a software tool that automatically tags documents and web content covering renewable energy, energy efficiency and climate-relevant topics. “Tagging” means that when integrated into a website, this API will automatically scan the site’s content and identify specific terms, concepts and geographic mentions and then apply tags to each so all resources connected with the site are searchable online. It can also make suggestions for related reading from other Web resources, enriching the content of any website. The Tagging API project is a collaborative effort with NREL (OpenEI), weADAPT and IDS (eldis), and was made possible by support from the CDKN Innovation Fund.

2.8 EVENTS REEEP works on issues with a global reach, and must also be able to put local needs in dozens of countries into the context of global economic, social and technological trends. REEEP must also continually reach out to, and gain knowledge from, local business and entrepreneurial communities, civil society, academia and government. To ensure we are engaged in regions and sectors relevant to our mission, we rely on the expertise of our regional secretariats and local partners, and actively participate wherever possible in efforts and events on the ground. The following is a brief snapshot of REEEP and REEEP regional secretariat engagement over the 2013/2014 period:

ll Vienna Energy Forum (VEF) 2013 l 2nd Annual Conference of the Green Growth Knowledge Vienna, Austria Platform (GGKP), Paris, France l United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI 38) l European Data Forum 2013 UNFCCC SB38 (CTI PFAN Side Event) Dublin, Ireland Bonn, Germany l LEAD Pakistan Roundtable Discussion l Linked Open Data Workshop 2013 Islamabad, Pakistan (Side event of CKB Workshop) Bonn, Germany l 7th B4E (Business for the Environment) Global Summit New Delhi, India l Climate Knowledge Brokers (CKB) Workshop 2013 Bonn, Germany l W3 (World Wide Web Consortium) Open Data on the Web l Global Green Growth Summit 2013 London, UK Seoul, South Korea l Clean Energy Ministerial 2013 (CEM4) l Making Data Work: Cities & Transpor New Delhi, India 3rd Annual Cities, Transport & Data Conference l Clean Power Asia Manchester, UK Bangkok, Thailand ll Advancing Energy Access in South Asia Patna, l Renewable Energy Finance Forum Bihar, India Latin America and Caribbean (REFF-LAC) Miami, USA l Microgerar: 4o Seminaro e Mostra Latino-Americana de Microgeraรงao Distribuida (IV Latin American l 5th Latin American and Caribbean Seminar Distributed Microgeneration Seminar and Exhibition) Iguaรงu Falls, Argentina on Energy Efficiency Quito, Ecuador l Open Knowledge Conference 2013 Geneva, Switzerland l Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) Advisory Board ll Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Development Copenhagen, Denmark Cooperation Bern, Switzerland l Open Knowledge Finland (OKFN) Energy Hackathon 2013 Helsinki, Finland l Energy Efficiency Asia Bangkok, Thailand l Energy Efficiency (EE) Global 2013 Washington DC, USA l Climate Smart Planning Platform Steering Group Workshop l Global Buildings Performance Network (GBPN) Washington DC, USA Annual Forum Paris, France

l IRENA Expert Meeting on a Global Alliance for Debunking the Renewable Energy Myths Abu Dhabi, UAE

for scale

ll Berlin2013: Realizing the Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus Berlin, Germany

ll Emerging Technology Trends and Innovation Processes for the Low Carbon Economy Workshop Brussels, Belgium

ll World Future Energy Summit 2014 Abu Dhabi, UAE

ll ICT 2013 Vilnius, Lithuania

l DFID and UKTI Clean Energy Event London, UK

l 14th Delhi Sustainable Development Summit ll Zero Emission Cities New Delhi, India Vienna, Austria ll European Data Forum 2014 l UNFCCC 19th Conference of Parties Athens, Greece Warsaw, Poland ll Bloomberg Philanthropies REIL Roundtable New York City, USA l UNFCCC COP-19 Side Event: Climate Knowledge Brokers Group Warsaw, Poland l International Energy Agency â&#x20AC;&#x153;Gaps and strategic opportunities for international collaboration on low-carbon energy technologiesâ&#x20AC;? l UNIDO/ICPE Professional Development Programme Paris, France Ljubljana, Slovenia ll Corporate Activity in Developing Countries Vienna, Austria

l Southern African Association for Energy Efficiency Gauteng, South Africa

l CorporAID Conference Vienna, Austria

l Sustainable Value Chain Event 2013 Zurich, Switzerland

ll GoldStandard 2014 Conference Zurich, Switzerland

ll ESMAP Knowledge Exchange Forum The Hague, Netherlands l Sino-Swiss Working Group on Environmental Cooperation Bern, Switzerland

l Power-Gen Africa 2014 Cape Town, South Africa

l European Venture Philanthropy Association Annual Funders Conference Geneva, Switzerland

l CTCN Advisory Board Meeting Copenhagen, Denmark ll The Tenth International Conference on Green and Energy-Efficient Building & New Technologies and Products Expo China Beijing, China

l European Development Days 2013 Brussels, Belgium

Governance and Financial

REEEP is an international non-profit organization, registered in Austria as a non-profit association. This status, which has been extended until 2018, is subject to only limited taxation, as well as an annual statutory audit in accordance with Austrian law. REEEP qualifies as an international NGO for official development assistance (ODA) contributions according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

GOVERNANCE 3.1 REEEP’s governance structure is comprised of three acting bodies: the Governing Board, the Programme Board and a general assembly of Partners. REEEP’s Meeting of Partners, held at least once every two years, functions as the general assembly of the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (comprising all REEEP Partner organizations). This assembly has ultimate approval of the REEEP Statutes.

MEETING OF PARTNERS General Assembly

GOVERNING BOARD Chair: Alfred Ofosu-Ahenkorah

2 AUDITORS

PROGRAMME BOARD Chair: Matthew Kennedy International Steering Committee

INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT Martin Hiller, Director General

FOCAL POINT WEST AFRICA ECOWAS

REEEP USA

RS SOUTH ASIA AEI at TERI

RS EAST ASIA CREIA

RS LAC OAS

RS SOUTHERN AFRICA SANEDI

3.1.1.

3.1.2.

GOVERNING BOARD

ADVISORY BOARD

REEEP’s Governing Board holds office for a period of four years, and is responsible for the conduct of business in accordance with REEEP Statutes. The Governing Board develops and oversees key strategic direction, targets, timeframes and priorities; prepares financial rules and accounting systems; and guides the operations of the International Secretariat.

The REEEP Advisory Board comprises eminent experts and thinkers in the clean energy and related fields, who provide the organization with high-level expertise and strategic guidance. Members are invited by the Director General and approved by the Governing Board.

Governing Board members

Advisory Board members

Alfred Ofosu-Ahenkorah Energy Commission, Ghana Chair

James Cameron Climate Change Capital Chair

Elfriede More Harish Hande Ministry for Agriculture and Environment, Austria SELCO Deputy Chair & Rapporteur Aled Jones Henry Derwent Global Sustainability Institute, Anglia Ruskin University International Emissions Trading Association Treasurer Mark Lambrides The World Bank Martin Schöpe Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy, Germany Kevin Nassiep Deputy Treasurer South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI) Amal Lee Amin E3G, United Kingdom

Leslie Parker Renewable Energy and International Law Project

Maher Chebbo SAP AG, France

Paul Savage Nextek Power Systems / EMerge Alliance

Philip Ischer State Secretary for Economic Affairs, Switzerland

Steve Sawyer Global Wind Energy Council

Mark Fogarty First Energy Asia, Australia

Sven Teske Greenpeace International

Pradeep Monga United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

Richenda Van Leeuwen UN Foundation

Rajendra K. Pachauri The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Even Stormoen Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway Piotr Tulej European Commission — Directorate General Climate Action Martijn Wilder Baker and McKenzie, Australia

3.1.3.

PROGRAMME BOARD The REEEP Programme Board comprises one representative from each regional secretariat area, up to five donor representatives, at least one representative from an international non-governmental organization, and two representatives each representing the private sector and REEEP staff. Representatives of related partnerships are also invited in a consultative capacity.

Programme Board members Matthew Kennedy Programme Donor Representative — Ireland Chair Even Stormoen Programme Donor Representative — Norway Ms Gertrude Wollansky Programme Donor Representative — Austria Shen Longhai Regional Representative — East Asia Debashish Majumdar Regional Representative — South Asia Fabio Rosa Regional Representative — Latin America & Caribbean Antonio Saide Regional Representative — Southern Africa

International Steering Committee

Steve Sawyer NGO Representative Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) Stephan Singer NGO Representative Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) Peter Dickson Business Representative BNP Paribas, Clean Energy Partners Huang Ming Business Representative Himin Solar John Christensen Observer United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Simon Collings Observer Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP)

The Programme Board is supported by an International Steering Committee (ISC), which assesses project proposals for their quality and their fit with REEEP program priorities, and which prepares a final list of short-listed projects for approval by its respective donor members.

3.2 FINANCIAL In March 2014 REEEP appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers to perform the annual audit of its financial statements and perform assurance services – including verification of compliance – in accordance with Austrian Association Act requirements. The audit found REEEP’s accounting system to be fully in accordance with generally accepted accounting procedures and an internal control environment. The audit determined that: • No objections to REEEP financial procedures were found • REEEP financial statements comply with legal requirements and give a true and fair view of its financial position and performance for 2013/2014 • REEEP funds were used in accordance with its statutes • No unusual income or expenses were noted.

REEEP Expenditures 2013/2014

In 2013/2014 REEEP expenditures amounted to €4.49 million, including €2.72m in project grants, which made up 61% of outlays. REEEP portfolio management, including focal area development and regional secretariat costs, made up 17%, while International Secretariat operations were 13% of total outlays. REEEP Open Knowledge efforts, including reegle.info,

as well as strategic projects and networks (including REIL and SERN), made up 7% of the total, while events and outreach represented 2%. At the start of the 2013/2014, REEEP held a total of €8.31m in project funds under management.

61% Projects Grants l 17% Portfolio Managements l 13% International Secretariat Operations l 7% Open Knowledge, Network, Strategic Projects l 2% Outreach and Event l

REEEP funding overview 2011/2014 Over the three-year period from 2011/2012 to 2013/2014, REEEP received €9.42m in donations, including €6.15m for Project Grants, €1.71m for Administration and Operational costs, and €1.57m for Open Knowledge and Strategic Projects.

REEEP FUNDING BY COUNTRY (kEUR)

Administration + Operational

Open Knowledge + Strategic Projects

United Kingdom

899

896

Norway

349

2.341

Austria

180

1.680

Germany

209

Switzerland

190

1.810

European Union

123

(CDKN) UK

154

OFID

306

Private Sector Donations

Project Grants

Overview of Assets and Liabilities The table summarizes REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s consolidated assets and liabilities as of 31 March 2014:

ASSETS

March 14 kEUR

March 13 kEUR

March 12 kEUR

March 11 kEUR

March 10 kEUR

March 9 kEUR

March 8 kEUR

March 7 kEUR

115 9

152 18

65 27

25 17

98 7

189 9

227 13

202 11

8 9,135 13

30 11,998 7

99 11,953 6

91 12,881 1

104 12,546 0

107 12,249 12

184 10,159 12

21 8,401 0

9,281

12,204

12,150

13,015

12,756

12,567

10,594

8,635

1,797

2,249 1,066 8,312

2,341 786 7,946

1,908 628 9,219

1,838 1,028 8,833

1,718 524 9,804

1,610 1,022 6,934

1,330 96 6,438

181 395 0 12,204

282 814 0 12,150

164 1,096 0 13,015

49 987 20 12,756

99 422 0 12,567

299 730 0 10,594

0 771 0 8,635

Fixed Assets

Intangible assets Tangible assets

Current Assets Account receivable

Cash

Differentials carried as assets

LIABILITIES Equity Provisions Liabilities on account of earmarked funds Liabilities

Accounts payable Other liabilities

Differentials carried as liabilities

1,104 5,989 92 299 0 9,281

Financial Assets Liabilities

9,156 7,483

12,035 9,955

12,058 9,809

12,973 11,107

12,65 10,917

12,368 10,849

10,355 8,984

8,422 7,305

Not Financial Assets

1,673

2,080

2,249

1,866

1,733

1,519

1,371

1,117

Overview of Income and Expenses The following table summarizes REEEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s consolidated income and expenses for the years ended 31 March, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, and 2008:

Nonâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;earmarked contributions Eamarked contributions Allocation to liabilities on acc. Other income Expenses for projects Expenses for reg. sec. Cost of staff Depreciation Other operation expenses Subtotal Interest income Operating surplus Taxes from income Annual surplus

2013/14 kEUR

2012/13 kEUR

2011/12 kEUR

70 1,679 2,323 27 -3,083 -288 -763 -54 -381 -471 25 -446 -6 -452

712 3,805 -366 5 -2,734 -630 -720 -47 -450 -154 83 -71 -21 -91

85 2,729 1,273 0 -2,267 -377 -707 -27 -368 341 122 464 -31 433

2010/11 kEUR

2009/10 kEUR

2008/09 kEUR

2007/08 kEUR

105 3,327 971 0 -2,923 -388 -522 -96 -434 41 106 147 -27 12

160 6,304 -2,87 0 -2,272 -449 -477 -96 -435 -133 320 187 -80 107

471 5,211 -496 0 -3,607 -506 -436 -73 -474 90 254 344 -63 280

4,685 -386 0 -3,067 -307 -546 -81 -372 5 86 91 -22 70

Sources 1. IFC (2012). “From Gap to Opportunity: Business Models for Scaling Up Energy Access.” IFC, Washington, D.C., www.ifc.org 2. FAO (2009): Growing more food, using less water, http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ newsroom/docs/water_facts.pdf, accessed 8.5. 2014 3. Hoff, H. (2011): Understanding the Nexus. Background Paper for the Bonn2011 Conference: The Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm. 4. El-Hage Scialabba, N.; FAO (2010): Organic agriculture and climate change, Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems: 25(2); 158–169. 5. KPMG International (2012): Expect the Unexpected: Building business value in a changing world. 6. Transport related GHG emissions are projected to increase by 57% (2005-2030) and by over 80% by 2050 (source LEDS-GP Transportation Assessment Toolkit) 7. IFC (2012). “From Gap to Opportunity: Business Models for Scaling Up Energy Access.” IFC, Washington, D.C., www.ifc.org

Contact REEEP International Secretariat Vienna International Centre D-2170 Wagramerstrasse 5 A-1400 Vienna Phone: +43 1 26026 3425 E-mail: info@reeep.org www.reeep.org

Graphic Design ZAGO

Editor John Tkacik