Biomimicry, Biophilia, and Interior Design by Reem

Biomimicry, Biophilia & Interior Design

Advanced Design Research | ITDS 5114 Reem S. Bukhamseen

TA B L E O F CONTENTS

Biophilia Week 1........................................................................................................................................ 4 - 7 Secrets to Watching Wildlife.................................................................................................. 8 - 9 Biophilic Design Week 2.....................................................................................................................................10 - 13 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design..........................................................................................14 - 15 Gecko’s Foot.......................................................................................................................... 16 - 17 Water, Biophilic Design + the Built Environment Week 3.....................................................................................................................................18 - 21 Bioguide................................................................................................................................. 22 - 23 Neuroscience Week 4.................................................................................................................................... 24 - 26 Biomimetics................................................................................................................................... 27 The Science of Biophilic Design Week 5.................................................................................................................................... 28 - 31 The Shark’s Paintbrush........................................................................................................ 32 - 33 Durkan Carpet Competition............................................................................................... 34 - 39 Nature Contact + Human Health Week 6 + 7.............................................................................................................................. 40 - 43 Well Building Standard........................................................................................................ 44 - 45 Children + Nature Week 8.................................................................................................................................... 46 - 49 Planet Earth Week 9.................................................................................................................................... 50 - 53 The Bios Week 10.................................................................................................................................. 54 - 57 Case Studies.......................................................................................................................... 58 - 69 Biomimicry Global Design Challenge............................................................................... 70 - 77 Sketches................................................................................................................................. 78 - 83 Works Sited.......................................................................................................................... 84 - 86

Week 1

BIOPHILIA

01 What is Biophilia? An innate love for the natural world that is universally felt by all of humankind. What is Biophilic Design?

Biophilia, Biomimicry, and Interior Design Week 1 Bio-philia â&#x20AC;&#x153;The connections that human beings subconsciously seek with the rest of life.â&#x20AC;? - E.O. Wilson Dimensions, Elements, and Attributes - Environmental features - Natural shapes and forms - Natural patterns and processes - Light and space - Place-based relationships - Evolved human-nature relationships Environmental Features - Color - Water - Air - Sunlight - Plants - Animals - Natural materials - Views and vistas - Facade greening - Geology and landscape - Habitats and ecosystems - Fire

An innovative way of designing the places where we live, work, and learn.

Natural Shapes and Forms - Botanical motifs - Tree and columnar shapes - Animal motifs - Shells and spirals - Egg, oval, and tubular - Arches, vaults, and domes - Shapes resisting straight lines and right angles - Simulation of natural features - Biomorphy - Geomorphy - Biomimicry Natural Patterns and Processes - Sensory variability - Information richness - Age, change, and the patina of time - Growth and efflorescence - Central focal point - Patterned wholes - Bounded spaces - Transitional spaces - Linked series and chains - Integration of parts to the whole - Complementary contrasts - Dynamic balance and tension - Fractals - Hierarchy organized around ratios and scales

Light and Space - Natural light - Filtered and diffused light - Light and shadow - Reflected light - Light pools - Warm light - Light as shape and form - Spaciousness - Spatial variability - Space as shape and form - Spatial harmony - Inside-outside spaces Place Based Relationships - Geographic connection to place - Historic connection to place - Ecological connection to place - Cultural connection to place - Indigenous materials - Landscape orientation - Landscape features that define building forms - Landscape ecology - Integration of culture and ecology - Spirit of place - Avoiding placelessness

Evolved Human-Nature Relationships - Prospect and refuge - Order and complexity - Curiosity and enticement - Change and metamorphosis - Security and protection - Mastery and control - Affection and attachment - Attraction and beauty - Exploration and discovery - Information and cognition - Fear and awe - Reverence and spirituality Every Educated Person Should Know - The laws of thermodynamics - The basic principles of ecology - Carrying capacity - Energetics - Least-cost, end-use analysis - Limits of technology - Appropriate scale - Sustainable agriculture and forestry - Steady-state economics - Environmental ethics 7

THE SECRETS TO W AT C H I N G W I L D L I F E When going out to scout wildlife there are a few things observers should know to get the best out of their time. 1. Go to “edge” habitat. Spaces where two habitats blend into one another. These areas are diverse in species and give viewers a sense of the whole food chain. 2. Go at the edge of day, before the sun rises and the species start their day. Another time to catch animal activity is late in the afternoon or early evening. 3. Stay downwind. Be out of the moving wind’s way. Make sure the wind carrying your scent is going the opposite direction to the animal, this will avoid the carrying of the human scent into the animal’s direction that will trigger flight mode. 4. Sit still. Many animals have limited depth perception when it comes to movement. So refraining from motion will allow you to remain undetected. 5. Take advantage of cover and “casual camo.” Animals have become familiar with the human profile and will spot out a human no matter how quiet or still they are if their profile is not concealed. Wear clothes that match the colors of the season to camouflage into the environment much easier. 6. Avoid eye contact. Staring directly at another animal is usually perceived as an aggressive gesture and will most times send the animal running.

Week 2

BIOPHILIC DESIGN

02 Who is E. O. Wilson? Edward Osborne is an American biologist, researcher, theorist, naturalist and author, known for studying ants.

Biophilia, Biomimicry, and Interior Design Week 2 10 Things You Should Know - The laws of thermodynamics - Basic principles of ecology - Carrying capacity - Energetics - Least-cost, end-use analysis - Limits of technology - Appropriate scale - Sustainable agriculture and forestry - Steady state economics - Environmental ethics E.O Wilson - Wrote the book, Consilience, explaining how everything in the world is related to one another. Emphasized that different disciplines need to inform one another to achieve the best results. - Epigenic rules, Social Biology, Evolutionary Biology, how humans have developed (inherently altruistic, patriotism, expanding one’s territory). - Biophilia, humans are attracted to nature and have an affinity to nature. Wilson popularized the idea of biophilia. 12

Janine M. Benyus - Is an American natural sciences writer, innovation consultant, and author who believed that to find a solution to a problem, one must look to nature, and how nature would solve it. - Biomimicry, Innovation inspired by nature. - Process—focus on function - Organic forms and structures - Daylight - Ventilation - Nature’s wisdom

Examples: - Humpback whales and wind turbines (efficient wind). - Termites and skyscraper (inspire sustainable buildings). - Flow without friction (important in a motor to keep functioning). - Trees and bones (how they constantly regenerate and build, optimizing strength). - Prairies (in growing food in a sustainable manner). - Human lungs (how to sequester carbon) - Lotus inspired surface treatments or fabrics (how to clean without cleaners). - Kingfisher bird, and the design of the bullet train (to enhance speed). - Chimpanzee and medication (itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s skin is self healing). - Dolphins detecting tsunamis (much earlier than humans and technology).

Providing Solutions For - Agriculture - Architecture - Climate change - Energy - Energy efficiency - Human safety - Medicine - Industrial design - Natural cleaning - Transportation

1 4 PAT T E R N S O F BIOPHILIC DESIGN

1. Visual Connection with Nature. Physically viewing elements of nature, living systems and natural processes. 2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature. Auditory, haptic, olfactory, or gustatory stimuli that generate a positive reference to nature, living systems or natural processes. 3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli. Stochastic and ephemeral connections with nature that may be studied statistically but may not be predicted exactly. 4. Thermal & Airflow Variability. Mimicking natural environments through subtle changes in air temperature, relative humidity, airflow across the skin, and surface temperatures. 5. Presence of Water. Seeing, hearing or touching water will enhance a userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience of a place. 6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light. Different variations in light levels and shows that change over time to recreate the experience found in nature. 7. Connection with Natural Systems. Awareness of natural processes, especially seasonal and temporal changes characteristic of a healthy ecosystem.

8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns. Symbolic references to contoured, patterned, textured or numerical arrangements that persist in nature. 9. Material Connection with Nature. Reflecting the local ecology or geology through materials and elements from nature to create a distinct sense of place. 10. Complexity & Order. Sensory information that belong to a spatial hierarchy similar to those found in nature. 11. Prospect. An unobstructed view over a distance, for surveillance and planning. 12. Refuge. A place for withdrawal from environmental conditions or the main activity in which one is protected all around. 13. Mystery. Obstructed glimpses that promise more past the obstacles, that encourage a user to explore the environment deeper. 14. Risk/Peril. An identifiable threat paired with a trusted safeguard.

GECKOS FOOT SOMETHING NEW UNDER THE SUN

When we take a look at the difference between manmade technology and nature as a natural means of engineering, we see that there is no comparison between the two. When we think of how we actually live by means of technology in comparison to holistic and natural ways of living we feel unnatural and detached from earth itself. For example, our planes do not fly like birds and insects do. Bio-inspiration is the new science that seeks to use nature’s principles to create things that evolution never achieved. If we take a look at nature’s creatures we see that they possess skills and attributes beyond conventional engineering. Although, if we could find out how they achieve what they do, and learn how to utilize their techniques, it would unimaginably extend our capabilities. Scientists and technologists continue to study and admire nature’s natural engineering skills, primarily focusing on the powers of adhesion, self-cleaning, tough elasticity and aerodynamics shown by these creatures. An example of one of nature’s creatures capabilities are land-based fireflies that produce light without any heat. Using a more detailed lens we can see that nature uses complex substances while the human engineer reaches for metals to heat and beat into share. Nature also goes for proteins that are grown inside living cells at body temperature. One branch of technology that brings together both nature and engineering is nanotechnology, and to achieve bio-inspiration we must unveil nature’s nanoengineering and produce engineered equivalents.

Both nanotechnology and bio-inspiration use hybrid technologies, systems that use both technical nanotechnology and the other part from natural mechanisms. It is only in the last 15 years man has attempted to derive engineering solutions from natural mechanisms, one instance in the examination of the self-cleaning Lotus Effect which is considered the most advanced of techniques. Another example discovered in butterflies and marine creatures in the late 1990s was the photonic crystal, originally predicted as a theoretical possibility by physicists in 1987. In the true spirit of bio-inspiration biological discoveries has led to technical invention. When engineers want to deploy structure (erect something that is usually kept folded) they look at the ways nature uses origami. What was once thought as a fun game, mathematicians examined as a branch of topology, which is the math of shapes. Because engineers make things by shapes and chemists create things by using a series of ingredients, nature also makes things through the DNA in the genes. All living creatures and things are nanostructured, meaning made from atoms that have to be assembled into nanostructures before they can make up anything large enough to be seen. We have always lived in a nanoworld, our bodies and those of all living things are composed of biological nanomachines, the dust in the air, pollen, smoke from all means of combustion contain these nanoparticles.

Week 3

W AT E R , B I O P H I L I C D E S I G N + T H E B U I LT ENVIRONMENT

03 Biophilia, Biomimicry, and Interior Design Week 3 Meaning of Water Significance of water Utilitarian value versus biophilic design tool? 1. Moralistic 2. Scientific 3. Symbolic 4. Utilitarian Water and Buildings Traditionallyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; we keep water out, example: a leaking room can make a building fall down. We benefit from water but try to keep it out. What if we bring it in? Examples - Roof gardens and green roofs. - Indoor plumbing - Interior pools and basins - Recreational sports (swimming, sailing) - Natural function with aesthetic (calming component or active) - Interior ecosystems - Exterior water gardens (process water in that body) - Water fall ---cascade of water - Blurring inside and outside - Water for sound (can be soothing) - Water fountains 20

- Accessible fountains - Water as art, kinetic sculptures, waterscapes - Integration with the earth - Connection with existing features (ex. Falling Water F.L.W.) - Engineered water settings - Hydro-mimicry (mimic water in itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s different states) - Interior water handling - On site storm water routing - Neighborhood scale water handling Storm water - Neighborhood scale - Site scale Biological wastewater treatment Filtering black water without using chemicals. Traversing water How to get over water.

Theories of Biophilic Design - Biomimicry - Cradle to cradle - The Natural Step - The Living Building Challenge Biomimicry - The conscious emulation of nature’s genius - 30 million species - 3.85 billion years Example: Sharks and roaches continuously adapt. One Can Emulate - Mimic form - Mimic process - Mimic system Approach - Scoping : identify the problem. - Creating: ideas, options, prototypes. - Evaluating: determine if goals and metrics are being met. - Discovering: Asking nature “how would you solve this?”

Elements of Biomimicry - Ethos - Emulate - (Re)connect Ethos - Ethics, intentions, and underlying philosophy. - Responsibility to respect and appreciate our fellow species and our home. Emulate - Nature as model, mentor or measure. - Solve problems through bio-inspiration. - Minimize negative impact, at least do no harm. (Re)connect - Identify things to look for in nature. - Discover life’s genius, patterns and deep principles. - We “are” nature. - Discover connection/relationship to nature.

BIO The successful application of biophilic design necessitates consistently adhering to certain basic principles. These principles represent fundamental conditions for the effective practice of biophilic design. They include: 1. Biophilic design requires repeated and sustained engagement with nature. 2. Biophilic design focuses on human adaptations to the natural world that over evolutionary time have advanced peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s health, fitness and wellbeing. 3. Biophilic design encourages an emotional attachment to particular settings and places. 4. Biophilic design promotes positive interactions between people and nature that encourage an expanded sense of relationship and responsibility for the human and natural communities. 5. Biophilic design encourages mutual reinforcing, interconnected, and integrated architectural solutions.

GUIDE Direct Experience of Nature - Light - Air - Water - Plants - Animals - Weather - Natural landscapes and ecosystems - Fires Indirect Experience of Nature - Images of nature - Natural materials - Natural colors - Simulating natural - Light and air - Naturalistic shapes and forms - Evoking nature - Information richness - Age, change, and -The patina of time - Natural geometries - Biomimicry Experience of Space and Place - Prospect and refuge - Organized and complexity - Integration of parts to wholes - Transitional spaces - Mobility and wayfinding - Cultural and ecological attachment to place

Week 4

NEUROSCIENCE

04 Biophilia, Biomimicry, and Interior Design Week 4 Neuroscience - Conceptions of human beings 1.Mechanical 2.Biological 3.Transcendental

Biological human -Sensory system -Geometry of the environment

Healing - Genetic factors for ordered geometry of biological forms that connect with humans and lead to healing.

A Pattern Language - Human-machine - Human animal - Transcendent human - Architecture that transcends - 14 steps to humane architecture

Neurological nourishment Merging of artificial structures with natural Ones Architecture from human nature -E. O. Wilson, On Human Nature -Tactile, perceptual and mental processes for wellbeing Cooperation - Informational connection - Multiple disciplines Abstract human - Lives in a technological world - Formal and abstract - Notions of form and space 26

Biomimicry Life created conditions conducive to life. Ethos, reconnect, emulate. Meme Like a highly adaptive gene, is an idea that propagates and spreads rapidly through a population.

Biomimetics - It’s Practice and Theory By Julian F. V. Vincent, Olga A. Bogatyreva, Nikolaj R. Bogatyrev,Adrian Bowyer, Anja-Karina Pahl Otto Schmitt introduced the term biomimetics in the 1950’s referencing the transfer of ideas and analogues from biology into new technologies. Many devices and concepts have risen off the concept of biomimetics. Biomimetics is a study looking to the practical use of mechanisms and functions of biological science in engineering, design, chemistry, electronics, and so forth. People have always looked to nature for inspiration for nearly 3000 years, ever since the Chinese looked into making an artificial silk. Examples of people who studied nature include: Leonardo da Vinci studying birds flying and later designed machines based on his studies, and Clement Ader who designed and built multiple steam powered aircrafts inspired by the design of a bat’s wing. In more modern times people are still looking to nature, as the production of nylon began as biomimetic replacements for silk and cotton, and the story behind the design of Velcro as seeds from the burdock plant clung onto George de Mestral’s dog.

developed around fifty years ago in Russia. TRIZ translates to “Theory of Inventive Problem Solving.” TRIZ is a collection of tools and techniques that guarantee an accurate definition of a problem at a functional level, while also providing strong indicators towards successful and innovative solutions. Though TRIZ was developed as a systems approach for engineering, it is the most promising in allowing transparent access to complex data derived from biology and will allow easier access to technologists. Even though biomimetics’ benefits are not seen so apparently just yet, we know that biological processes and functions do not rely heavily on energy, a feature implemented today that can change the world of technology design once figured out. This approach to technology and engineering could reinforce the dependence on nanotechnology, and exploring it’s expanding capabilities.

There is a need to standardize biomimetics through a set of shared principles, in order to serve the technological society. And here is where TRIZ is introduced. TRIZ is a problem solving system that 27

Week 5

THE SCIENCE OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN

Biophilia, Biomimicry, and Interior Design Week 5 - Roger Erlich—Healthcare Design - Frumpkin—focused on Evidence Based design - Loftness and Snyder—Windows and doors - Hartig et al—Research focused on Restorative design - Moore and Cooper Marcus—child spaces - Orr and Pyle—extinction of the natural experience Subject - Biophilia and Health - In the United States alone, in 2015, the total expenditures on 3.2 trillion dollars, almost 18% of the GDP. Huge part of the economy. - Biophilia has a positive impact on health. Biophilic Theory and Research for Healthcare Design -Roger Urlich -50 rigorous studies, needed to have sound research methods and if they were quantifiable with lots of research samples. (quantitative) -Evidence-Based Design (for healthcare) HERD journal, studies showed impact of nature on healthcare design. 30

Health Outcomes - Observable signs (was there an increase or decrease in pain medication or blood pressure). - Satisfaction (how did staff and patients react). - Safety (to see if infection rate went down, fewer falls, decreased or increased medical errors). - Economic factors (what us the cost per patient to care, how much turnover for the staff). Stress Process of responding to events or environmental features or situations that are challenging and exceed coping abilities or threaten well-being. - Patients - Families - Visitors - Employees Restoration of Nature - Intuitive - Conceptual arguments -“Restoration theory”

Research - Views of nature, notion that pain medication is reduced with this. - Pain mitigation - Art, paintings of nature, etc. - Gardens - Daylighting, host of positive impacts in a healthcare setting. Clinical Epidemiology - Study diseases and what causes diseases over huge samples of people. - Study of distribution and determinants of disease in human populations. - Ex. Proving through epidemiology that smoking causes cancer Health Benefits of Nature - Building the evidence base, we need large scale studies at the scale of clinical epidemiology. - Showing how design can impact health, and improve productivity.

T H E S H A R K ’ S PA I N T BRUSH INTRODUCTION In a time of crisis and doubt, life in all it’s intricacy, The Shark’s Paintbrush is a memo of kindness from the living world that offers untold possibilities for the transformation of civilization. Biomimicry and nature is inspiring innovation. The term biomimicry was first coined in 1997 by Janine Benyus, the gifted naturalist, educator, and author of the landmark book, Biomimicry. One case study in this book examines hippo sweat as a means of sunblock. Studies show that hippo sweat provides a highly effective four-in-one sunblock. These four elements are antiseptic, insect repelling and antifungal. Researchers have studied the combination of mucus and chemicals in hippos and found that two pigments that absorb light across the ultravioletvisible range, with crystalline structures that ensure the material spreads over the entire skin without the need for being rubbed on by hand. The pigments turn white skin a shade darker, while simultaneously slowing the rate of bacteria growth. Because most chemicals applied to the skin can be absorbed straight into the bloodstream, an area of concern in certain sunscreens may prevent sunburn but introduce other toxins that may still cause cancer. Applying lessons learned from nature to solve human problems is the definition of biomimicry or bio-inspiration. If you take a look at the world around us, you will see that we need biomimicry now more than ever. Fuel prices are unstable, global weather is growing rapidly more severe and unpredictable and we are living through a mass extinction of species and in the wake of the worldwide financial meltdown, innovation has slowed down. Although we are living in a period with expert researchers, engineers and doctors, we still see that Alzheimer’s, autism, and diabetes are escalating and the ability of our race to survive is in deep danger. A lot of our environmental and economic problems result from an old-fashioned way of doing business. The industry continues to use methods that were introduced in the Industrial Revolution, but these methods are not long term strategies nor sustainable. Looking at nature, nature constantly evolves, survives, and

thrives while not using up or endangering it’s base resources. Instead, nature reinvents itself adapting and beginning a new cycle with instant optimism. By partnering with nature, industries and individuals are finding profitable solutions to worldwide problems both on a micro and macro scale. This demonstrates that nature can provide man with answers to technological, biological and design challenges we constantly face as humans where nature has naturally thrived through. If we take a look back at history, our early human ancestors borrowed solutions from the animals and plants they saw around them. An example would be seals swimming below arctic ice to create and maintain holes through which they can surface to breathe. Through research, we understand nature’s mandate for survival is to use the least amount of material and energy to get the job done. When we use the term “get the job done” we mean nature naturally recreates itself without damaging it’s foundational ecosystem. In nature, a means of survival for species depends on it’s optimal use of energy, our whole universe and everything in it is made up of energy. Modern biomimicry is far more than just copying nature’s shapes, it includes systematic design and problem-solving processes, which are now being refined by scientists and engineers in universities and institutes worldwide. One of the best-known examples of commercially successful biomimicry is Velcro. Designs based on biomimicry offer a range of economic benefits, nature builds only with locally derived materials so it uses little transport energy. Nature has methods to recycle absolutely everything that it creates. In nature’s closed loop of survival on this planet, everything is a resource and everything is recycled, as one of the most fundamental components of sustainability. By applying nature’s lessons to better design a new golden age for this earth and for humanity, we can collectively create a more abundant, healthy, and satisfying lives for ourselves, our children and our planet.

Opala

OPA L O A Gem Stone Inspired Collection

OPA L O

OPAL IN ROCK

A Gem Stone Inspired Collection

OPAL LAYERS

CO NCE PT Inspired by the room functions, as ballrooms are places different people gather, the design of the carpet will reinforce this gathering mentality. The Gem & Stone Collection is inspired by the microscopic view of the gem stone, opal. Opals, unlike many other stones, contain multiple colors within their structure, creating a kaleidescope affect when viewed from different angles. The stone is unique in itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s never-repeating form and undulating layers that merge ever so slightly. The overlapping layers in both the Gem and Stone patterns reflect the room functions,

as users too will connect in some way or form. The two room carpets coordinate, symbolically and graphically, representing the stone opal is derived from as the prefunction area, and the opal gem as the ballroom area. The two patterns aim to produce bold design features that carry excitement with strong motion, while concealing expected irregularities, as the overlapping linear forms and usage of dark colors adhere to the requirements of the space, understanding the chance of heavy foot traffic and exposure to different pollutants.

OPOLO | GEM COLLECTION Abstracting the movement in the opal gem, the design focuses on the uneven directional form that allows each colored layer to merge when meeting.

GEM

STONE

OPOLO | STONE COLLECTION Abstracting the movement in the stone, the jagged movement is documented with uneven depths of linear patches representing the stoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unexpected textures and patterns.

OPOLO | GEM & STONE COLLECTION PRODUCT TYPE Broadloom FIBER TYPE Colorstrand® SD Nylon BACKING MATERIAL Unibond Plus DYE METHOD Solution Dyed TUFTED PILE WEIGHT 28 oz/yd2 (949 g/m2) CONSTRUCTION Tufted STITCHES PER INCH 10.5 (41.34 per 10 cm)

SURFACE TEXTURE Textured Patterned Cut and Loop GAUGE 1/12 (47.00 rows per 10 cm) FINISHED PILE THICKNESS .145” (3.68 mm) SIZE 12’ (w) X 24’ (l) INSTALLATION METHOD Monolithic, Monolithic Stepping, Plank Half Lap, Basket Weave, Half Lap, Brick Ashlar, Random, Herringbone

OPOLO | GEM COLLECTION

OPOLO - Gem - Lapis

OPOLO - Gem - Quartz

OPOLO - Gem - Jasper

R: 34 G: 165 B: 183

R: 18 G: 100 B: 78

R: 115 G: 191 B: 163

R: 161 G: 125 B: 151

R: 120 G: 67 B: 77

R: 123 G: 110 B: 128

R: 227 G: 210 B: 130

R: 210 G: 216 B: 130

R: 166 G: 105 B: 42

R: 0 G: 17 B: 124

R: 146 G: 159 B: 152

R: 67 G: 120 B: 124

R: 116 G: 100 B: 147

R: 65 G: 70 B: 92

R: 141 G: 134 B: 167

R: 243 G: 222 B: 133

R: 175 G: 196 B: 187

R: 139 G: 109 B: 57

R: 1 G: 111 B: 160

R: 21 G: 101 B: 100

R: 41 G: 115 B: 62

R: 176 G: 125 B: 158

R: 138 G: 127 B: 143

R: 194 G: 188 B: 198

R: 252 G: 222 B: 76

R: 119 G: 108 B: 88

R: 224 G: 175 B: 96

OPOLO | STONE COLLECTION

OPOLO - Stone - Lapis

OPOLO - Stone - Quartz

OPOLO - Stone - Jasper

R: 1 G: 167 B: 217

R: 1 G: 1 B: 0

R: 249 G: 248 B: 244

R: 203 G: 200 B: 149

R: 1 G: 1 B: 0

R: 249 G: 248 B: 244

R: 138 G: 186 B: 198

R: 1 G: 1 B: 0

R: 249 G: 248 B: 244

R: 55 G: 56 B: 60

R: 207 G: 183 B: 179

R: 1 G: 178 B: 198

R: 55 G: 56 B: 60

R: 140 G: 177 B: 203

R: 192 G: 170 B: 193

R: 55 G: 56 B: 60

R: 163 G: 189 B: 152

R: 218 G: 151 B: 142

R: 151 G: 205 B: 191

R: 211 G: 194 B: 176

R: 226 G: 214 B: 200

R: 214 G: 150 B: 164

R: 171 G: 140 B: 172

R: 216 G: 170 B: 137

R: 220 G: 198 B: 149

R: 202 G: 149 B: 177

R: 228 G: 181 B: 173

CARPET OPALO PATTERN STANDARD BALLROOM

PREFUNCTION AREA

CARPET LARGE SCALE PATTERN STANDARD BALLROOM

PREFUNCTION AREA

CARPET SMALL SCALE PATTERN STANDARD BALLROOM

PREFUNCTION AREA

OPOLO | GEM COLLECTION INSTALLATION

OPOLO - Gem - Lapis

OPOLO | STONE COLLECTION INSTALLATION

OPOLO - Stone - Lapis

Week 6 +7

N AT U R E C O N TA C T + H U M A N H E A LT H

06 Who is Howard Frumkin? Howard Frumkin is Dean of the School of Public Health and Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences at the University of Washington.

Biophilia, Biomimicry, and Interior Design Week 6 + 7 Howard Frumkin, found evidence on beneficial effects of nature contact for human health and well-being, showing the direct relationship between medicine, public health and nature. Clinical Epidemiology - Double-blind randomized controlled trials - Reversal of common practices - Focuses on tests, treatments, and outcomes Evaluation of a Clinical Trial - Population - Treatment and measurement - Outcomes - Statistical significance - Potential bias - Validity - Can it be generalized? Health Benefits of Nature Evidence: Shows how the studies were flawed in some cases... Cohort studyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;following people over time 42

Building the Evidence Base - Need to establish a community of scientists interested in nature contact - Two elements of researchâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;exposure and outcomes - In the end, we need more research

Inside & Outside Relationship Windows and doors - Views - Daylight/Sunlight/Circadian Rhythms - Fresh Air / Ventilation - Passive Heating And Cooling - Access To Outdoors - Access To Activity Restorative Design Three perspectives: 1. Stress perspective 2. Coping perspective 3. Restoration perspective Theory of Restorative Environments - Protective (walls, roofs, etc) - Instorative (heat, water, access) - Restorative—goes beyond basic needs to the level of restorative.

Stress reduction for beneficial change (shows up in body measures—heart rate, etc.) Elements of Restorative Design - Include benign - Protect from danger - Have multiple restorative effects happening at once - Have multiple benefits Social Ecology of Stress - People continuously cycle between stress and restoration - These cycles are regulated by routines - Economic and Technological concerns influence activity level - Varies by person (gender, economic status, etc) Implications of Activity Cycles - Need multiple settings - Need connections between settings

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Psychological Theories of Restoration - Attention restoration theory (Kaplan and Kaplan) Restoring attention by getting away to restore fascination - Psychoevolutionary theory (Ulrich and others) 43

WELL BUILDING S TA N D A R D What Is Well-being? According to the World Health Organization (WHO) wellbeing is defined as â&#x20AC;&#x153;a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing.â&#x20AC;? An individual is in a state of well-being when they are healthy, happy, and comfortable in the environment they are in. According to Keon Steemers, there are two key elements to wellbeing: feeling good and functioning well. Why Well-being? The built environment can affect our habits and choices Examples include: regulating our sleep-wake cycle, driving us toward healthy or unhealthy choices, passively influence our health through the quality of our surroundings. Designers need to design to avoid negative affects on occupants habits and life choices because it can affect their overall health and well-being. Well is for people. The Well building standard provides a model for design and construction to integrate human health features in the built environment. It is a performance-based system to measure impact of built environment on human health. We spend 90% of our time indoors. Design for healthy behaviors is ranked number 1 as both most transformative and fastest-moving-sub-trend of the Health and Well Being macro-trend. 90% of employees stated that their attitude about work is hugely affected by the quality of their workplace environment.

THE 7 WELL CONCEPTS Air: Create ideal indoor air quality in order to support the health and well-being of the building users. Water: Advocate clean water through the integration of proper filtration and regular water testing in order to provide users with safe water. Nourishment: Encourage healthy eating habits and make fresh, wholesome foods more available. Light: Provide adequate lighting systems that minimize the disruption of the circadian rhythm, while still enhancing productivity and visual acuity. Fitness: Integrate exercise and fitness into usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lifestyles by providing the physical features within the design to promote active and healthy lifestyles. Comfort: Create distraction-free, productive and enjoyable indoor environments for occupants. Mind: Provide a physical environment that optimizes cognitive and emotional health.

Week 8

CHILDREN + N AT U R E

08 Who is Claire Cooper Marcus? Clare Cooper Marcus is an author and researcher on the psychological and sociological elements of architecture, landscape design, and urban design. She promoted the design of environments for children, emphasizing the benefits of adding gardens and natural elements to outdoor spaces around schools, hospitals, and other public spaces.

Biophilia, Biomimicry, and Interior Design Week 8 Healthy Children Claire Cooper Marcus and Robin C. Moore New Threats to Children - More time indoors - Stranger danger and automobiles Children and Nature - Kahn and Kellert, 2002 - Environments that support childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s activity (outdoor). Health Benefits of Nature for Children - Wells and Evans, 2003 - Wells, 2000 - Kuo, et al, 1998 Majority of people today live in cities, which means their kids have a different lifestyle that those in a suburb. Biophilic Urban Design: In Between Spaces: Biophilic design beyond buildings. Access to nature in the city. Example: shared spaces 48

Childhood Lifestyle Threats - Sedentary behavior - Automobile traffic Impact On Cognitive Development Attention functioning -Outdoor as a protective shield Benefits of Nature - More activity - Boosting the immune system - Play New Cultural Reality - Institutionalized childhood. - We are starting to rethink schools and school sites. Children and the Success of Biophilic Design 1. Village Homes community - Parking in back - Houses face green space - Children involved in food growing and harvesting

2. Exocommunity - Primary type in the US -Eliminates and prohibits play - No tree houses - No basketball hoops - No chalk on the sidewalks Relationship Social obstacles to good community and barriers keeping children from outdoors are related. - More homework. - More pressure for extra curricular activities. - Less natural space. - Traffic. - Crime. Mean World Syndrome - People who watch a lot of TV are more worried about the world— see the world as more dangerous - “Stranger danger” - Believe Nature = doom -View promoted by the way we live and cultural attitudes. Healthy attributes: There is a relationship between nature and well being, as research has shown. 49

Week 9

PLANET EARTH

Biophilia, Biomimicry, and Interior Design Week 9 Some Principles to Consider - Carrying capacity - Thermodynamics - Basic laws of ecology - Energetics - Least-cost, end-use analysis - How to live well in place - Appropriate scale - Limits of technology - Sustainable agriculture and forestry - Steady-state economics - Environmental ethics Typical Day on Planet Earth - We will lose 116 square miles of rain forest (about an acre per second). - Lose another 72 square miles to encroaching deserts. - Lose 40-100 species (and no one knows if the number is 40 or 100). - Human population will increase by 250,000. - We will add 2,700 tons of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere and 15 million tons of carbon. 52

Domains of knowledge - Science - Design Domains/Biomimicry Objects = Form Attributes = Process Relationships = Systems Biologists at the design table... How would nature solve this? - Organisms - Systems - Patterns - Principles - Strategies Form - Whalepower (Dr. Frank Fish) - Flippers of the humpback whale - Tubercle technology - Advancement in understanding of fluid dynamics - Overcomes biggest hurdles in wind powerâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; noise, turbulent air, weak winds

Process - Calera - Conventional cement heated to 2640 Fahrenheit to form “clinker” then ground to a powder—releases co2 (bad for environment). - Calera—new method based on biomimetic process mimics the creation of limestone deposits. - Corals make aragonite in saturated salt water by crystal nucleation—a small crystal acts as a seed to the geochemical second phase. - Calera produces aragonite from co2 in saturated brine-- converts co2 to carbonic and bicarbonate ions. - This process sequesters co2 instead of releasing it. System - Symbiosis (coexistence of diverse organisms which benefit from one another). - Kalunborg Denmark. - Self-organizes symbiotic relationship between companies and services. - The companies exploit each others waste products for their own processes.

Examples - Steam, gas, cooling, water, gypsum all circulated among the partners - Other bi-products such as sulfur, fly ash, and sludge are sold to neighboring companies. Ideas for Reconnecting - Test your skills of observation. - Make a sound map (close your eyes and listen). - Look for patterns in nature. - Sit in front of an organism or natural object (sketch only the shading-draw without lines). - Track change over time. - Translate what you see (diagram energy flows, etc). Life’s Principles Life on earth in interconnected and interdependent - Evolve to survive. - Be resource efficient. - Adapt to changing conditions. - Integrate development with growth. - Be locally attuned and responsive. - Use life-friendly chemistry. 53

Week 10

THE BIOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S

10 Biophilia, Biomimicry, and Interior Design Week 10 The Bios - Bio-utilization - Bio-assisted - Bio-mimicked - Bio-inspired Bio-Inspired - Lots of research, to mimic nature. - U.S. 10-15 years, centers for research - China—lots of papers on it Bio-Utilization - Nature as something to use. - Example: wood flooring Bio-Assisted - Domesticating something to make it useful. - Example: yeast -- to beer - Biologicals to break down waste Differences - Bio-utilized: harvest to use. - Bio-assist: domesticate to use. - Bio-mimic: become. Advice - Go outside, be grateful, and understand you are a part to a whole. - Biomimicry is new. 56

- You can be a leader, at the forefront. The Nature of Innovation - A bumblebee has aerodynamics better than a 747. - A seashell can keep a microchip from overheating. - The colors of a butterfly’s wing can reduce the world’s energy bill by 80%. - A fleas’ knees and a bee’s shoulders could help scientists formulate a near perfect rubber - From, The Shark’s Paintbrush by Jay Harman. Hippopotamus - Highly effective 4 in 1 sunblock. - Produce a non-toxic sunscreen. - Their sweat is antiseptic, insect repelling and antifungal. - Possible solution for skin cancer. Why now? - Half of humans live on less than $2.50/day. - Weather is rapidly growing unstable and severe. - Innovation has slowed. - Alzheimer’s, autism, diabetes are all escalating. - More trained researchers than ever before and yet at the worst risk in human history. Biomimicry - Bios = life - Mimesis = to imitate

Early Humans - Inuits copied polar bears and their breathing holes to catch seals. - Polynesians outrigger canoes echoed the floating seed pods of the region. - Aboriginal Australian mimicked bird wings for boomerangs. “Nature works on an entirely different principle (than the industrial revolution). Its mandate for survival is to use the least amount of material and energy to get the job done—the job being to survive and re-create itself without damaging its foundational ecosystem” -(Harman) Example - Swiss inventor, George de Mestral, annoyed with his dog getting burrs—invented Velcro 1941. - He examined burrs under a microscope. What is the Problem We Wish to Solve? Which is the most appropriate? - Form? - Function? - Ecosystem? Example Camera lens, inspired by the bee’s panoramic eye sight.

Nature - Closed loop system for survival--recycled Biomimetics Leonardo Da Vinci’s Flying Machine Conclusion - Humans are at a crossroads. - What are you going to do? Designing for Sustainable Behavior - How can we get people to behave in a more sustainable manner? Should we try? - DfSB- Industrial Design in the UK - Deborah Lilley Eco Feed Back - provides tangible aural, visual or tactile signs as reminders to inform users of resource use- guides change. Behavior Steering - encourages users to behave in ways prescribed by the designer through the embedded affordances and constraints - maintains change. Persuasive Technology - employs persuasive methods to change what people think or do, sometimes without their knowledge or consent ensures change. 57

Power point presentations

CASE STUDIES

Ant’s Weight Lifting Ability by Damiana Pacheco

Ants have the ability to lift heavy loads compared to their body mass. Loads are carried with the mouth parts, transferred through the neck joint to the thorax, and distributed over six legs and feet that attach to the underneath surface. Carlos Castro, assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at The Ohio State University has tested that the soft tissue microstructure of bumps and folds of the neck and its connection to the hard exoskeleton of the head and body is what gives the ant it’s ability to carry 5000 times it’s weight. Engineers are studying whether similar joints that combine soft and hard parts might enable future robots to mimic the ant’s weight-lifting ability. Castro suggests that ants are super-strong on a much smaller scale because their bodies are so light. Because of their small size, their muscles are thicker relative to the rest of their body mass. This is where the research was put into use. The development of the A.N.T. system, a solution for 60

disaster relief. Combining aid transport, temporary shelters, and rescue operations into a single system. The main difference between the A.N.T. prototype and most disaster relief solutions is that this concept develops multi-state delivery vehicles to effectively accomplish cargo delivery and return trips. The cargo units can also function as structural features, doubling their purpose. The concept was developed following a biomimicry approach. Ants are models for their capacity to carry cargo many times their size and weight. Ants traverse complex terrain on paths to and from points of delivery/acquisition and the hive. In addition, the form of the ANT vehicle directly mimics the form of the ant, with six wheels, and an abdomen-like cargo attachment. With this solution, Lee has managed relief aid distribution, disaster terrain challenges and emergency housing in one mobile and compact structure that can be adapted to different disaster situations.

Biofilm + DC Memorials by Sydney Miller

Biofilm is community of microorganisms growing together on a substrate. These microorganisms can include: subarial, bacteria, fungus, lichen, algae, autotrophs, heterotrophs, extremophile, and acid as a metabolic byproduct. As a community biofilm builds increased resistance after initial formation, producing extracellular polymeris substance (eps). Removal of biofilm off historical structures becomes very difficult as each community is a different build up of microorganisms and being able to treat the surface without damaging it and spending a huge deal of money is very difficult.

Solutions to removing biofilm today are the following: 1. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (but produce caroteniods). 2. Use power washing (but this can cause surface layer degradation). 3. Laser cleaning (takes an hour to clean one square foot). 4. Zinc Oxide, which is the powder used in sunscreen. 5. Do absolutely nothing, leave the biofilm as a protective layer covering the structures surface.

Right now biofilm can be found on teeth, in the human gut, catacombs, Italian statues, the Arlington National Cemetery, and the International Space Station. The problem is not only getting it off, but also why does it exist? One theory concludes that the biofilm may seal specific types of marble. Another theory may be the location of the structure, and how it occurs on structures that are close to a body of water. Another theory suggested it a byproduct of pollution. 61

Janine Benyus by Emily Borg

Janine Benyus is an American biologist, natural sciences writer and innovation consultant. She is an author of six books, one she is known greatly for is “Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature.” Published in 1997 the book popularized the term biomimicry, as it discusses how science is studying nature to help solve modern day issues. She is the co-founder of Biomimicry 3.8 and The Biomimicry Institute. “Learning about the natural world is one thing. Learning from the world- that’s the switch. That’s the profound switch.” - Janine Janine popularized the term biomimicry. Which is a new discipline that studies nature’s best ideas and then mimics these designs and processes to solve problem faced today. Biomimicry relies on three key principles: 1. Nature as a model. 2. Nature as a measure. 3. Nature as a mentor. 62

E. O. Wilson by Meredith Fraga

Edward Osborne Wilson is an American biologist, researcher, theorist, and author. He is the world’s leading expert on Myrmecology. He is a retired professor from Harvard, and is known as the “father of biodiversity.” He coined the term biophilia, as humanity’s attraction to the natural environment. He labeled biophilia as “the connections that human beings subconsciously seek with the rest of life.” - E. O. Wilson Consilience (the unity of knowledge) refers to the principle that evidence from independent, unrelated sources, can converge to strong conclusions. His book asserted that science and humanities and arts all have a common goal, to give meaning to details. Epigenetic rules are inherited regularities of mental development. Genetic biases in the way our senses perceive the world, it is the preliminary definition of human nature. 63

Environmental Ethics by Karla Sepulveda

Environmental ethics is a branch of environmental philosophy that studies the ethical relationship between human beings and the natural environment. These ethics argue that humans are part of society as well as other living species and organisms. Shallow ecology, is referred to as anthropocentric view point. As humans, we have a duty to ensure that the Earth stays in a good condition that will allow it to support human life in the future. An anthropocentric point of view assigns a greater deal of importance to human beings than to any other living organism. This view allows humans to justify any action to promote or benefit human interests even though it is putting other organismsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lives at risk. These views find it hard to present the problems with the treatment of non-human related topics except to the extent that this treatment could lead to a bad relationship between humans. In 1970 Environmental Ethics began as an opposition to anthropocentric ideas, it questioned the superiority of human being to other living organisms 64

on Earth. It also provided moral grounds for social policies with goals aimed at the protection of the Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s environmental degradation. Deep Ecology on the other hand gives moral standing to animals and plants, arguing that they too should be considered when it comes to caring for the Earth. Designers should implement the following: 1. Prove that the design will not be necessarily more expensive. 2. Explain the benefits that come with sustainable design. 3. Less is more sustainable.

Living Future Institute: Biophilic Design Initiative by Jessica Peterson

The Biophilic Design Initiative was created due to a lack of resources that would make it possible to take biophilic design from theory to reality. The initiative would be a place to file, archive, and offer resources for public and network access, it would also be a resource for ideas, resources, events, and opportunities to collaborate connecting minds around the country and world. The initiative would connect project teams with biophilic design practitioners and resources, scientists, and be able to compile science research in a data bank. The biophilic design transition lab was founded to develop the conditions for biophilic design to shift the built environment towards designs that improve human health and create a living future.

The Natural Step is a framework developed in Sweden in 1989, used by corporations, municipalities, academic institutions, and non-profit organizations to achieve their sustainability goals. The Biophilic Map is a data bank for case studies which have implemented Biophilic Design at the core of their design process. The map recognizes exemplary projects in articulating and applying Biophilic Design principles to the built environment. The map serves as a resource for those looking to adhere to Biophilic Design principles in their own projects.

The three primary goals are: 1. Provide the Biophilic Design Initiative with the structure it needs to scale. 2. Plant the Natural Step Sustainability Transition Labs in the US as a model for bringing pioneering, innovative ideas and leading them towards adoption. 65

Waterproof Fur by Reem Bukhamseen

Aquatic mammals tend to have waterproof fur that enable them to stay warm while keeping their skin dry even when swimming in cold water. Two animals that demonstrate this quality are the North American Beaver, and the North American River Otter. Both the beaver and the otter have two layers of fur: an outer layer of long straight guard hairs and a dense interwoven inner layer. Because their hairs are naturally oily, this allows most water from reaching their skin. The foundation of waterproofing lies within the structure of the fur. Looking at the hairs under a microscope shows the elements that allow the fur to be waterproof. The hairs of the two animals are very similar. The guard hairs are straight and relatively thick, while the underfur is thinner and is wavy. The wavy hairs interlock easily and can form a dense interwoven mat. The combination of this interwoven mat and natural oil is what gives these animals a waterproof barrier. Nikwax Analogy is a constructed waterproof fabric that mimics the way a mammal’s fur keeps water 66

out. Analogy is a directional fabric made out of two layers. The first layer is called the “Pump Liner” which is composed of asymmetrical filaments that use capillary action to move perspiration away from the body. The second outer layer is a dense microfibre wind proof fabric which deflects wind and rain from penetrating. These two layers combined create a waterproof mechanism that can function in cold, wet, hot or even humid conditions. The base layer is worn next to the skin, drawing water away to keep skin dry. Then the Nikwax Analogy Pump Liner pumps water away from the body. The closely woven microfibre provides wind proofing and Nikwax durable water-repellency. Air is trapped between the Pump Liner and outer layer to give insulation. Wind and rain are detracted away from the body while perspiration and condensation as liquid water or water vapor can escape.

Temperature Regulation in Nature by Taylor Renaud

The lotus flower is found in parts of Asia and Australia. The leaves are self cleaning as the flower has a bumpy and waxy surface. The water remains in a bead and slides off, removing the dirt along with it. Today, self cleaning paint and fabrics have been designed based off the flower. The lotus also has the ability to maintain a stable temperature of about 86-95 degrees Fahrenheit. It is possible as the lotus takes in more oxygen and releases more carbon dioxide, creating more energy, in which the excess energy heats the flower to the temperature needed. The lotus also has more mitrochondria than other plants of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s kind. The flowerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s warmth attracts beetles gathering more pollen, and also keeps the beetle active during the night. The regulation also protects the flower from changes in the air temperature around it.

small pores and the surface. This is possible as the main chimney of the termite mound remains cool, while the smaller chimneys or vents have the ability to open and close to let warm or cool air in as needed. The holes in the mud can also cool incoming air. This technique inspired the East gate Center in Harare, Zimbabwe. The design of the building uses porous concrete walls, where the concrete absorbs the heat from the wind and cools it before entering the pores. Installed fans are used to cool the concrete at night to prepare for the next day. The overall building uses 35% less total energy than the average consumption of other local buildings using HVAC in the area.

Termite mounds also have the natural ability to regulate temperature. The hounds are made of compacted soil with multiple tunnels that transport gases in and out. The gases diffuse through the 67

Nature’s Hydrophobic Surface : The Lotus by Carolyn Hall

The lotus flower scientifically known as the Nelumbo Nucifera, is a flowering plant that grows in muddy water all throughout Asia. It’s ability to stay clean in such muddy environments makes it a symbol of purity. The lotus’ leaves have a rough epidermis that are covered in a waxy substance. These two properties make the plant hydrophobic and self-cleaning. When water falls onto the leaves it forms into beads and rolls of the surface taking dirt along with it. Sto Ltd. has used the lotus flower as inspiration when designing their dirt repellent facade paint, StoColor Lotusan. It contains micro-textures that don’t allow dirt and water to cling to the surface. When it rains outside, the facade is cleaned. Using this self-cleaning paint is not only helpful but also adds to the building’s longevity, since mold and dirt break down building materials. 68

HOK + Terrapin Case Studies by Haley Twillman

HOK is a global design, architecture, engineering, and planning firm. They believe in fully integrated thinking (FIT), which is where they created Biomimicry 3.8. The FIT framework uses the wisdom behind the natural, social and ecological systems of a place to inform design and decision making. All FIT projects include four characteristics: 1. Multiple lenses. (These lenses include: ecostructure, water, atmosphere, materials, energy, food, community, culture, health, education, governance, transport, shelter, commerce and value) 2. Place-based. (Deeply understanding the local ecology and not just studying the site.) 3. Rooted in lifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s principles. (Represent characteristics of organisms, will create a adaptable design.) 4. Accountable. (The importance of being able to quantify the ecological, social, and economic value of completed projects.)

Terrapin Bright Green was founded in 2006 by environmental strategist Bill Browning and architects Rick Cook and Bob Fox. It was an opportunity to develop new approaches to address the critical needs for a sustainable future. Terrapin Bright Green is now a consultant to major corporations and developers as well as outside organizations looking to answer the challenges of high performance design in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s world. Terrapin is looking to improve biodiversity, health and well-being, profitability, systems integration, climate resiliency, energy utilization, indoor environmental quality, and water management.

Janine Benyus is the co-founder of Biomimicry 3.8. She is a biologist, innovation consultant, and author. 69

Collaborative Project

B I O M I M I C RY GLOBAL DESIGN CHALLENGE

redrop ISSUE AT HAND Targeting water waste at Airport Security

WHAT WE KNOW Airport liquids Rule: You are allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes in your carry-on bag and through the checkpoint. These are limited to travel-sized containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. This means passengers carrying reusable water bottles or bottled water are required to toss out the bottle or water inside the bottle before entering security. Passengers still carry liquid products up to airport security even though this law was enforced in 2006. Security liquids surrendered at airports are assumed to be potentially hazardous, and therefore they must be disposed of. This means water is literally, being thrown out.

WHAT WE NEED TO DO Design a receptacle system that collects and re-purposes water while addressing recyclable products (such as paper-based packaging, plastic bottles, and cans) and properly disposing other liquids.

Partner project completed in collaboration with Industrial Design senior, Genesis Solano.

INSPIRATION

Organic. Detachable. Mobile. Fun.

+ =

PRODUCT MATERIAL +COMPONENTS Aluminum can be reclaimed, re purposed, and reshaped endlessly. It is strong, lightweight, fireproof, noncorrosive and non-magnetic.

Recycled Aluminum

Lift-up lock system allows the custodian to change each pod when necessary and then locking the pod back into itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s place.

Aluminum funnel allows poured water to easily seep into the below container.

Installed sensor allows airport custodians to know when to replace the water container with an empty pod.

Water pod has a liftable shell that allows the custodian access to the water container underneath.

Casters allow easy transport of each pod back to the main station, allowing a custodian to fill up the water tank when ready. 75

you drop. we collect. letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s redrop.

Plant Conservatory | Dubai

Volunteer Park Conservatory | Seattle

WORKS SITED + IMAGE SOURCES Power Point Presentations

Page 26 - 27

All weekly notes and information were taken from Dr. Lisa Tucker’s class power points.

1. https://www.wayfair.com/Mohawk-Kearny-Random-Width-Engineered-Maple-Hardwood-Flooring-in-Granite-WAK19-17-L1370-K~MHK4741. html?refid=PINSHOP&MHK4741=&pin_campaign=626737785258&pin_adgroup=2680061657835&pin_ 2. http://oddstuffmagazine.com/breath-taking-microscopic-images.html 3. https://www.flickr.com/photos/pwnell/ with/10655617516/ 4. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/37/08/68/37086803aaac21e5ba6a11c2399f11b7. jpg 5. https://livingalifeinflower.tumblr.com/ post/73380892704/flowersgardenlove-sunflower-beautiful

Page 6 - 7 1. http://lejardindeclaire.blogs.marieclairemaison. com/archives/category/jardin/index-5.html 2. https://www.flickr.com/photos/horticultural_ art/6321694225/ 3. https://www.flickr.com/photos/28225102@ N05/6298435090/ 4. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d6/4a/dd/ d64add5f0fdbe558101098762ede45d7.jpg 5. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ texbuckner/4070521472/ 6. http://libguides.mhs.vic.edu.au/patterns/ patternsnature

Page 12 - 13 1. https://thecostaricanews.com/september-brings5th-annual-whale-dolphin-festival/16591/ 2. https://greendiary.com/significant-innovationswind-turbine-designs.html 3. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c9/6b/db/ c96bdbfdfc1c209d9706e3e87e25e076.jpg 4. https://preachrr.wordpress.com/2012/04/03/ kingfishers-bullet-train-birds/ 5. https://500px.com/photo/163451275/ water-drop-by-seong-yeon-kim?utm_ campaign=nativeshare&utm_content=web&utm_ medium=pinterest&utm_source=500px 6. http://www.asrointeriors.com/table-clothrestaurants/

Page 20 - 21 1. https://gearpatrol.com/2015/07/22/best-surfinstagram-accounts/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_ medium=feed&utm_ 2. https://www.shape.com/fitness/training-plans/25tips-top-swim-coaches 3. https://www.archdaily.com/871766/the-gardeneike-becker-architekten/5920df3fe58ecef317000694the-garden-eike-becker-architekten-photo 4. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ cristina_k/15353100145/in/photostream/ 5. http://favimages.net/image/339722/ 6. http://kfighter.com/image/160857982964

Page 30 - 31 1. https://www.dezeen.com/2012/06/13/childrenshospital-zurich-by-herzog-de-meuron/ 2. http://www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/ trends/architecture/first-look-nemoursalfred-idupont-hospital-children-expansion/ 3. http://www.saaarchitects.com.sg/project/ sengkang-general-hospital/ 4. https://www.archdaily.pe/pe/02-313387/hospitalpsiquiatrico-kronstad-origo-arkitektgruppe/528ebe4 5e8e44ece580001da-kronstad-origo-arkitektgruppephoto 5. https://www.archdaily.pe/pe/02-313387/hospitalpsiquiatrico-kronstad-origo-arkitektgruppe/528ebe 67e8e44efc1f000209-kronstad-origo-arkitektgruppephoto

Featured Articles 1. Krautwurst, T. (2006). Secrets of watching wildlife. Topeka: Ogden Publications, Inc. 2. Forbes, P. (2006). The gecko’s foot: Bio-inspiration : Engineering new materials from nature (1st American ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Co 3. Kellert, S. and Calabrese, E. 2015. The Practice of Biophilic Design. www.biophilic-design.com 4. Vincent, J. F. V., Bogatyreva, O. A., Bogatyrev, N. R., Bowyer, A., & Pahl, A. (2006). Biomimetics: Its practice and theory. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 3(9), 471-482. doi:10.1098/rsif.2006.0127 5. THE SHARK’S PAINTBRUSH: Biomimicry and how nature is inspiring innovation (2013). . Austin: Kirkus Media LLC.

WORKS SITED + IMAGE SOURCES Page 42 - 43

Page 56 - 57

1. https://goneoutdoors.com/repel-spidersoutdoors-4469254.html 2. http://annsymes.tumblr.com/post/112684276502/ artpropelled-gingko-by-yumi 3. http://kaleidoscopeblog.net/colour-love-46/ 4. http://www.naturalgardens.es/ 5. http://www.bloodandchampagne.com/ inspiration-337/ 6. https://www.outdoorfederation.com/best-hikingtrails-united-states/

1. https://www.boredpanda.com/20-incredible-eye-macros/ 2. http://wuvely.com/dogs/id-like-to-order-now/ 3. https://78.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m9spgmd65P1r5i7tzo1_500.jpg 4. https://www.pinterest.com/ pin/322359285802972399/ 5. http://keterry.tumblr.com/ 6. https://imgur.com/hyl5061

Page 48 - 49 1. https://www.archdaily.com.br/br/783286/escolainfantil-la-monsina-angel-luis-rocamora-ruiz-plusalexandre-marcos/564d4924e58ece4d730002f7escola-infantil-la-monsina-angel-luis-rocamora-ruizplus-alexandre-marcos-foto 2. https://www.archdaily.com.br/br/798484/ instituicao-rural-chaparral-plan-b-arquitectos/57ffbf 0de58ece518e000075-chaparral-rural-school-plan-barquitectos-photo 3. http://babyology.com.au/parenting/school/ perfectly-designed-polish-kindergarten-packspunch.html?utm_source=Babyology%20 Weekly&utm_campaign=b9635fb5f0-RSS_EMAIL_ CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_ ae2287999e-b9635fb5f0-83073533 4. https://www.designboom.com/ architecture/red-planet-100-architects-03-092018/?utm_source=designboom+daily&utm_ medium=email&utm_campaign=red+planet,+an 5. http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2012/06/ potgieterstraat-by-carve-landscape-architecture/ 6. https://childcarebusinessowner.com/2011/05/24/5steps-to-a-successful-playground-design/

Page 52 - 53 1. http://www.tabirai.net/sightseeing/ tatsujin/0000091.aspx 2. http://shelbyhaustralia2011.blogspot. com/2011/04/protecting-worlds-largest-living.html 3. https://medium.com/five-minutes-a-day/globalamount-of-trees-46-lower-due-to-deforestation-byhuman-beings-261c3649799e 4. http://martinathornhill.tumblr.com/ post/96500393052 5. https://www.wired.com/2015/04/benediktpartenheimer-particulate-matter/ 6. http://www.placesmustvisit.com/10-the-mostpowerful-waterfalls-of-the-world/

Page 60 - 69 1. https://500px.com/photo/6862040/cooperationby-eko-adiyanto 2. http://www.macroworldmania.stfi.re/entry/ view/5876/ngerujak-yuuukkss?sf=keawxll 3. http://psipunk.com/ant-aid-necessitiestransporter-by-bryan-lee/ 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm 5. https://inhabitat.com/washington-dcs-nationalmonuments-are-getting-slimed/biofilm-jeffersonmemorial/ 6. https://www.laboratoryequipment.com/ news/2016/08/black-biofilm-covering-washingtonmonuments-eludes-scientists 7. https://www.ted.com/talks/janine_benyus_ biomimicry_in_action 8. https://www.kobo.com/us/en/ebook/biomimicry 9. https://www.morningagclips. com/a-game-changer-for-cropprotection/?utm_content=articles&utm_ campaign=NLCampaign&utm_ source=Newsletter&utm_ term=newsletteredition&utm_medium=email 10. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ book-review-the-meaning-of-human-existence-byedward-o-wilson/2014/11/14/deffe5bc-548f-11e4809b-8cc0a295c773_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_ term=.38b679e49c21 11. https://www.amazon.com/ConsilienceKnowledge-Edward-Osborne-Wilson/ dp/067976867X 12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._O._Wilson 13. https://www.earthtoyou.co/giving-back/ 14. https://livingbuilding.kendedafund. org/2017/11/13/singapores-khoo-teck-paut-winsfirst-kellert-biophilic-award/biophilic-designinitiative-map/ 15. https://shepleybulfinch.com/creating-joythrough-biophilic-design/ 16. http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/otter

WORKS SITED + IMAGE SOURCES 17. http://www.cioch-direct.co.uk/waterproofs/nikwax.html 18. http://www.africaguide.com/photolibrary/index.php?LocationID=36&CategoryID=2&ItemID=125&page=8 19. https://www.kiva.org/blog/ten-reasons-toinclude-zimbabwe-in-your-next-itinerary 20. https://www.tumblr.com/login_required/lightflows-in/81744921803 21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzGunZ1POw 22. http://www.ecobuildingpulse.com/news/ opportunities-in-biomimicry-await-in-function-notjust-form_o