www.therefugeevoice.com
Second edition 07.2011
"They don't want anybody to know about it" | No connection is implied between the person depicted and the article
Illustration photograph by Hagai Hirschfeld
â« ×××â¬,⫠ת×ש×× ×× ×â¬,â«"×ª× ×§× ×× ×⬠"Clean for us, cook for us, he told them. Then he locked â« ××× ××× ×ת ××€××××תâ¬,â«××ך ×××⬠ââ« ××× ×¡ ×××ª× ×××ש ש××â¬- â«×××ך⬠them in and raped them" Aid organizations have received more than 10 refugees this year asking for abortions after being sexually assaulted by Israelis promising work
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Clean for us, Cook for us. Continued from page 1 âTwo Ethiopian women came to me one day asking for an abortion. They had arrived in Netanya two months earlier looking for a job. They stood on the roadside and waited for someone to pick them up for a day's work. One man stopped his car and asked them if they were interested in cleaning his house. He took them to an apartment he shared with another man and proposed that they come to live there, "clean for us, cook for us," he told them. Then he locked them in. I had never heard of anything like this before.
"The victims are often taken to apartments that were just built or refurbished, with no residents. Sometimes the men let them clean, sometimes not - they just rape themâ "One day, after the women had been working for a month, the two men came home drunk and raped them. They did so for almost a whole month. Then they brought two other women, Eritrean. The Ethiopian women told the Eritreans what happened and advised them to escape immediately, but the new women didnât believe the story - they thought it couldn't be true. Eventually the two Ethiopians finally felt strong enough to run away. They broke the window in the bathroom and escaped through it. Upon arriving in Tel-Aviv, they came to me asking for help in having an abortion.â Avital Banai, the founder of Hagar and Miriam, an organization aiding female refugees, has heard many stories similar to the one told above. âI asked them if they wanted to go to the police, but they refused," she says. "Like all refugee women I talk with about rape - they donât want anybody to know about it. They also usually donât know the names of the attackers or where their houses are located. All they want is to have the abortion and forget about it.â "Chik Chak" Rape According to the organization, this type of assault has become commonplace among Israeli abusers: âSince January, 16 women have come asking us for an abortion after being raped. A few of them were raped in Egypt and Sudan on their journey to Israel, but the rest, about 13 cases, were attacked in Israel. There are surely more women who were attacked but didnât get pregnant and so never said anything about it.â Most of the sexual assaults seem to occur during the search for a job. Many refugees obtain temporary jobs in cleaning or construction by waiting on the streets for employers to pick them up - âchik chakâ (slang: very quickly), as it is called. âMen come with their cars,â explains Banai, âoffer money for cleaning and then pick them up and do with them whatever they want. In one case a woman was looking for a job at a manpower agency near the Ethiopian embassy. The agent said there were no jobs, but when she left the building, a man who was waiting in his car asked her to clean his house for 20 shekels an hour. "He took her to a house 10 minutes from Azrieli Center, and after three hours of cleaning started hugging her from behind. She resisted him and refused, but he kept at it and eventually raped her. He warned her that if she goes to the police heâll find her. Then he gave her 60 shekels and left her there. This kind of thing happens a lot. The victims are often taken to apartments that were just built or refurbished, with no residents. Sometimes the men let them clean, sometimes not - they just rape them.â
"An Extremely Fragile State" Many women prefer to hide their stories. Pregnancy, however, is not the only possible result of rape; there are also sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and complicated psychological consequences. Keeping the pain inside can only cause more harm. Physicians for Human Rights, who operate the open clinic in Jaffa, confirm that in the in last couple of months a number of women have come into the clinic after having suffered sexual attacks. âThe attackers seem to be Israeli citizens,â they say. âThese women, in addition to the trauma they had experienced, are in an extremely fragile state because they are status-less. Many times they donât have the financial means or a supportive environment and are forced to deal with complex language and cultural difficulties. Despite this they still receive no formal medical or psychological assistance from the state.â
"Many times they donât have the financial means or a supportive environment. Despite this they still receive no formal medical or psychological assistance from the state"
The Tel-Aviv district of the Israeli police said that none of the cases of rape were known to them and advised victims to file a complaint, âin order to open an official police investigation.â Women who are in need of urgent healthcare should feel free to go to one of the nearby hospitals. Urgent treatment is provided regardless of financial status or citizenship. For other kinds of treatment the open clinic in Jaffa is recommended. How to keep safe? 1. When looking for a job, donât go anywhere with men you donât know. Try to find public workplaces like supermarkets, malls, or schools and universities. 2. Donât let people press you into doing things you donât want to do. 3. Donât get into cars with people you donât know. 4. Itâs safer to look for work in couples than to do it alone. 5. Ask your friends for help, they may know of good employers or businesses they can recommend. 6. If youâre having difficulty finding a job, ask one of the refugee organizations for help. 7. Whenever possible, try to help others. For example, if you see a woman who doesnât have a place to stay during her first days in the city, offer her your place. You will protect her from people who might want to take advantage of her situation. 8. You can always say âNo.â Donât ever feel obliged to have sex with someone just because he asked for it or because you âowe himâ a favor. Itâs your body and your right to decide if you want to have sex or not.
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According to the latest data published by the Interior Ministry, out of 3,211 applications submitted by asylum seekers to the government's Advisory Committee on Refugees, only 52 were brought up for deliberation and only three of them were actually discussed. Furthermore, the Ministry admitted that the Committee has only convened six times in the last two years, thus confirming claims that the Committee's functioning is deficient and inadequate. The state was forced to reveal this information following pressure from the Jerusalem district court. Nevertheless, the Committee still refuses to release protocols of the deliberations themselves or to open the meetings to the public.
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The construction of the new fence on the Egypt-Israel border was accelerated following demands of Defense Minister Ehud Barak. According to recent estimates, the construction process will be completed in the beginning of 2012, a year ahead of the scheduled completion date.
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Extreme right-wing activist Baruch Marzel established a civil patrol in HaTikvah neighborhood called the "Neighborhood Watch." According to organizers, the mission of the patrol, which is composed of dozens of neighborhood residents, is to "minimize the emerging threat of illegal invasion." This patrol has already toured the streets of the neighborhood, visiting refugees at their homes and notifying them that they are not wanted.
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A new initiative called "Open Houses" organizes tours of refugee and foreign workersâ houses. Its goal is the sharing of their stories with the Israeli public and the encouragement of direct contact between the latter and the refugee community. For more information or to join a tour: http://www.openhomes.co.il
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Photograph by Adam Oscar
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5
Human rights activist Father Mussie Zerai visits Israel
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ââ Yochai Maital Earlier this month Father Mussie Zerai, a well known refugee rights activist, paid a two week visit to Israel due to the increase in kidnappings of refugees in Sinai. Being a refugee himself, Father Zerai has for the past 20 years been a prominent activist both in Italy and all over the world and is the founder the Agenzia Habeshia Agency in Italy. During his visit he toured both Eilat and Tel-Aviv, where he met with representatives of local aid organizations. Afterwards he found time to visit holy sites in Jerusalem and the Galilee. According to his estimates, there are currently 400 kidnapped refugees scattered across Sinai, most being held by traffickers. Many of them are completely helpless in extricating themselves from this situation. âOne part of the solutionâ, he says, âis having correct information. The other part is that the governments must provide legal alternatives for these refugees. However, because Eritrea has no strategic or energy-relat-
ed importance, its refugees are left alone. They arenât wanted in other countries, yet nobody is willing to help them find a solution in their own country - so what are they supposed to do?" In advice to the refugee community in Israel, Father Zerai states: âThey should all organize themselves into a single group - then they may be better able to talk with the institutions, to get more involved and to provide advocacy for themselves. They must first be accepted as human beings and only after as refugees. âThe refugees need to provide assurances that they are not a danger to Israeli society â not only strategic and political ones, but also in terms of culture." He states. "Itâs the responsibility of every group to create a good connection with the people of the society within which it lives, be it cultural, musical or artistic. Itâs important to get to know them and to let them know us".
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Photograph by Ariel Taubenfeld
Father Mussie attends Mass at St. Anthony Church in Jaffa this month
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6
It's Crowded in the Neighborhood
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The renewal of the infrastructure, plans to attract young people, and the construction of new apartments for families: the municipality means to implement these improvements in Neve Shaanan neighborhood - but rent prices are only on the rise. Will the refugee community be pushed out of this diverse Tel Aviv neighborhood?
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A dark and narrow corridor connects the tiny rooms situated in an industrial building, separated from each other by thin plaster walls. Behind one of the tin doors, in a small oneroom apartment, lives Takala, a refugee from Eritrea. He lives there with five other people, sometimes more. "Sometimes there is hot water," he explains beside the makeshift kitchen and small bathroom hidden behind a screen. On the way down the tenants show us a corner in the stairwell where drug-addicted sex workers meet their clients. They say that every morning tenants discover new traces of these nightly activities. Takala has been living in this apartment for over a year and he is pleased, mainly because of the low rent, 2400 NIS per month, but he worries that the rent will go up soon. In the Neve Shaanan neighborhood of south Tel Aviv there are many such buildings âindustrial spaces divided in a haphazard and unprofessional fashion, housing refugees and foreign workers. The neighborhood is the center of the foreign community in the city: restaurants that offer food from the residents' distant home countries, internet cafes and the offices of aid organizations; all are located one next to the other. Most importantly, however, is the availability of apartments at affordable prices. But the neighborhood is also considered to be a dark corner of the city and a haven for drugs, sex work and violence. Recently there have been rumors of various plans to improve the neighborhood, while the rent that had been affordably low is also starting to rise. The "Daniel Properties" real estate office estimates that rent in the area has gone up by 65% in the last two years, much higher than the average rent increase in the city. The first to be hurt by this rise are, as usual, the economically weak groups. Refugees in the neighborhood are forced to live in more crowded conditions, sometimes having to live with several people in one dilapidated and neglected room. This is the case for Nazaana and her family. The entrance to their building looks great: the lobby is wide, clean and pleasant. But upon entering their apartment, itâs impossible not to notice the total neglect of the building. Hermelia, six years old, holds her 10 month old brother in her arms, while beside her stands four-year-old Narmos. Their mother Nazaana, only 25 years old, enters the small living room which also doubles as a kitchen, a storeroom, a bedroom and a game room. The air barely moves, creating an unbearable and suffocating feeling. Even the apartment's only window provides no relief from the heat. "I asked the landlord for airconditioning, but he refused," she says. "We are trying to get by with the little electric fan we have, but sometimes I really fear that my children will faint because of the heat." She lives in this one-room apartment with her husband and three children for 1,800 NIS per month. "With our three children we are not able to move to another apartment,"
Nazaana explains. "We all sleep together in the same bed. Many times my husband sleeps at work so it's a little easier." Ignoring the existing residents The plans to develop the neighborhood are expected to improve the quality of life of these families and to upgrade the physical infrastructure. According to the municipal zoning plan, which is currently in the process of being completed, the municipality will convert the neighborhood into a residential one for young people and families, while along its outer streets commercial towers and business centers will be constructed. Most of the planâs backers are private entrepreneurs and purchasing groups, all working in cooperation with the municipality utilizing the "vacate and build" methodâmeaning that old buildings are to be replaced with new multi-story apartment buildings. Designs such as these are already in advanced planning phases in Levinsky and Congress Streets. The City of Tel Aviv spokesperson said that the municipality expects that the new initiatives will attract new populations into the area and lead to a renewal. What is clear is that without an affordable housing policy or oversight on the rise of rent, the first to be hurt and expelled from the area will be the economically disempowered groups.
Nazaan: "With our three children we are not able to move to another apartment. We all sleep together in the same bed. Many times my husband sleeps at work so it's a little easier." Together with these plans, the municipality is also encouraging students to move into the neighborhood. By the beginning of the next school year it is estimated that some 600 students will have come to live in the neighborhood as part of a joint plan of the municipality and institutions of higher learning. According to this plan, the students will receive a financial grant for rent, similar to a plan previously put into effect in the Jerusalem city center. Although the plan in Jerusalem succeeded in attracting young people to the city center, it quickly became apparent that the resulting rent increases hurt both the students and local residents. An additional factor that is set to attract young people to Neve Shaanan is the transfer of the Minshar Academy of Arts to the Old Central Bus Station compoundâthe haven of drug addicts in the neighborhood. This educational institute will attempt to promote cooperation with the local population by offering courses to the refugee community on subjects such as language, photography, writing and art. It is important to emphasize that these initiatives, - Continued on page 8
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â«âªFive in a single bed. Nazaana and her three children in their one-room apartment in Neve Shaananâ¬â¬
8 Neve Shaanan. Continued from page 6
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aimed at improving the quality of life in the neighborhood, are being promoted without including or consulting the current residents. Jessie Fox of the organization "Open Tel Aviv" explains that Neve Shaanan is not a typical Tel
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According to estimates, rent prices in the area rose by 65% in the last two years â much higher than the average rent increase in the city.
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Aviv neighborhood, and that while there are instances of neglect that must be addressed, itâs also a fascinating place with unique characteristics that are important to preserve. He sees it as a kind of "Chinatown" in Tel Aviv - the multi-ethnic neighborhood of the city. "Any intervention will cause a disturbance in the equilibrium that has been created," Fox explains. "Therefore the municipality needs to operate with transparency to improve the neighborhood for its residents."
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Doing laundry in the shower. Nazaana's home
A surge in violence against refugees
Photograph by Adam Oscar and Qusai Alfaki
All Germayel Michel and Ali Alhira wanted to do on a Saturday evening was to reach home safely and prepare for another week of work. A group of young Israelis - armed with knives, clubs and hate - had other plans for them
ââ Or Garmolin and Kidane Issac
It was just another quiet Saturday for Germayel Michel, a 29 year old Eritrean living in Pardes Katz, a neighborhood in the North of Bnei Brak. Michel's walk back from church was supposed to end the way it always does - safely, at home, preparing for a new week of strenuous work. Everything seemed perfectly normal: the streets were clear and silent, not showing the slightest hint of what was about to happen. All of a sudden, five men in their midtwenties began attacking Michel in the middle of the quiet street. Throughout the next 10 minutes he was cursed, beaten bloody, and stabbed no less than eight times in his back. People kept passing by, but none dared to stop the violence. After the attackers left the scene, Michel
immediately started running, bleeding down the street. Eventually, a young man noticed Michel and made the first emergency call, staying with him until the ambulance arrived to take him to Tel Hashomer hospital. There, Michel stayed for a couple of days, having to pay out of his own pocket for the days of recuperation forced upon him and for cost of repairing his broken teeth. Two months have passed since the incident. Michel leaves his home only during day time and only accompanied by friends when walking around after dark. "Life becomes completely meaningless when fear follows every step," he says. The Ramat Gan police station told the Refugee Voice that not enough evidence was gath-
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ered in order to identify the attackers responsible for what have since formed into horrible scars. Awful scarring is also apparent on Ali Alhira's face and stomach. Alhira, a 23 year old Sudanese asylum seeker, was also stabbed on a Saturday evening in a street in Pardes Katz. He had come there to visit his brother, who lives nearby, when the two were brutally attacked by a group of eight young men wearing skullcaps and armed with knives and clubs. "They asked us where we're from," recalls Alhira. "I told them we're from Sudan and in response they attacked us. We couldn't understand why. We live with these people, so I never thought a thing like this could happen." The scars clearly visible on Michel's and
Ahira's face serve as more than simply imprints of physical violence - but also as evidence of a life of utter transience, fear, and unrest. Reut Katz, head manager of the open clinic at Physicians for Human rights, confirms that there has been an increase in violence by Israeli citizens against refugees, sometimes even at the hand of the security authorities themselves. "The types of injuries we see here range from simple wounds to harsh stabbing," says Katz. "Now is the time to stop the violence and the malicious incitement which causes it, before lives are lost."
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10
Work Force â Workersâ Rights
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Knowledge Prevents Disaster
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One of the most important things to do when starting a new job is finding out the work procedures. Failing to check these may lead to terrible accidents. A few weeks ago, a group of four upset Sudanese men entered the Kav Laoved offices. They said that a friend of theirs, who was working at a construction site, had an iron rod weighing few tons fall on his legs. While receiving treatment at the hospital the doctors were forced to amputate both his legs. This horrible accident could have been prevented had their friend been aware of the work procedures prohibiting him from stepping into the container where the iron rods were kept. There are also many other such stories: a gardener slipped his hand inside a lawnmower and lost two fingers, a kitchen worker had boiling water spilled on him in one case and in another had wedged his hand in a dough mixer. What all these situations have in common is that the employeesâ managers failed to instruct them on the proper usage of the machines in the workplace and on the procedures designed to minimize the risk of injury. Many employees state they know how to use a machine even if they had never seen one like it before. They do so from fear that admitting otherwise may prevent them from being hired at all. Therefore it is important to stress that this fear is misplaced, since that in the case of a lawnmower, for example, an explanation would have taken a minute at most â a minute that can save a life.
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Demonstration in Tel-Aviv against the detention center, December 2010
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Photograph by Mulugeta Tuwmzghi
11
OPINIONS | âSex?â Asked the Soldier
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Sexual harassment, rape and the descent into prostitution have become an inseparable part of the lives of many female refugees. An Eritrean woman living in Israel writes about the problems unique to women
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Yesterday I was walking around the Tel Aviv central bus station, as I do every day. I was standing near an elevator when a young Israeli in military uniform addressed me. "Do you work?" he asked. I immediately replied that I do. I naively believed that maybe he intended on offering me a cleaning job. His next question was: "sex?" No, I answered. "Why?" he wondered. I didn't answer. I kept walking without looking back. I didnât feel threatened â I pitied him. I knew that if I had stood my ground and refused he wouldn't have been able to force me to do anything, but sadly I can't say that that's always the situation. I donât know if any other female refugees find this story familiar, but I do think it important to present it from my point of view: an Eritrean refugee living in Israel. It may be that other women have never experienced this themselves, but others have surely undergone experiences that are much worse. Either way, I believe that their legal, occupational and social status as women refugees makes them more exposed than normal to sexual harassment. The necessity of having to leave the house in search of a job is new to most Eritrean women, who in their homeland were mostly used to housework. Those who do depart the house to make a living outside it do not usually take jobs of a harsh, menial nature. In Israel, on the other hand, Eritrean women spend their days doing many physically demanding tasks, such as cleaning, for long hours. Afterward, when they return home exhausted, they are also unable to rest or recuperate â because now come the household and family chores. Another factor hindering many female refugees - which also distinguishes them from their male counterparts - is their inability to speak English or Hebrew. In Eritrea many women are forced to marry at a young age due to pressure from the family, effectively leaving them no opportunity to acquire an education. The result is that many men are able to speak English but their women cannot, a fact which immediately places the women at a disadvantage. My personal story is a little different. When my mother was 15 she was married off despite her will. She would later decide that all her children would receive an education â including her daughters. My mother showed me how to hold my own, treated me equally as she did my brothers and taught me to look at the world in the same light. Her advice remains with me to this day, in Israel. Not all female refugees, however, have been blessed with such an education, and their vulnerability has increased in the past few months with the continuing destruction of our ability to support ourselves with dignity. Refugees in Israel, as is well known, are not entitled to an official status and are not given the work permits necessary to make a living. This difficulty compounds the many others which all women refugees face. The situation is such that many find themselves helpless, prone to stress and fatigue and begin accepting the men's offers of sex for money â something they would never have even considered previously. I donât blame them, but I do think that it's not the right solution to the situation. I believe that any improvement is primarily dependent on communication. If I could give just one piece of advice to a woman in this state of helplessness, I would recommend she take a course in English or Hebrew which would help her in finding a suitable job thatâs not demeaning. I also take on the occasional Chik Chak cleaning jobs and am very familiar with the frustration. Only a few days ago a woman drove up next to me asking if I have any recommendations concerning previous jobs. I replied that I don't. She asked if I have a work visa. I replied that I don't. She said I'm of no use to her and drove off. It can be very depressing. I didnât lose hope and eventually found something. Others maybe have despaired and given up.
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12
ááŽá«á£ á±á³ááá«á Hadera to Pay NIS áµá°á°áá³áµ á¥áááá£á³ 300,000 for Humiliating 300,000 ážášáᣠá«áá³ Sudanese Refugees ááµášáá áµáá°áµ They were kidnapped in the middle of the night by armed city patrolmen and put on a bus to an unknown destination. Hadera mayor ordered to expel a group of refugees to Jerusalem because âHadera is not a garbage canâ â and paid a compensation fee of NIS 300,000
á¥áá ášá£á¢ ááá-ááá²âá©á£ á¥áá¡ááµ ááá ášá°á á°ášáá®á á£á¥ á£áá°á¡áµ ášá ááµáá á°áá©á£ áᥠááá°ááá á£áááµ á°áá²á¶áᢠášáá²á£ ááŽá«á£ âááŽá« áášáá ááá á£áá®ááµáââ á¥áá£áᣠáá á¥áááµ áá á áááœá®á áµá°á°áá³áµ á¥á£áµáá³áµ áᥠášá©á³áá ááµáá á£ááᢠá£á¥ ááá³á¥á³ ááá² ááµáá ášá£á£ ááŽá« 300,000 á«áá³ áá ááá³ áááá£áµ ááµášáá áµáá°áµá¢
ââ Sigal Rozen
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NIS 300,000 â thatâs the compensation that 15 Sudanese refugees were granted for being kidnapped, intimidated and humiliated under the orders of Hadera's mayor Haim Avitan. The refugees were abducted in the middle of the night in July 2007. Armed patrolmen broke into their trailers in an orchard in Hadera and woke up the 20 Sudanese refugees â most of whom are Darfur genocide victims. The patrolmen threatened them and forced them onto a bus waiting by the orchard. The terrified refugees, who were even denied the right of a telephone call, believed the patrolmen were sending them back to Sudan, a country in which they face lifethreatening danger. Throughout the drive they had no clue where they were going and why they were begin taken from the orchard - a place they had been sent to six months previously by the custody courts and with the assistance of the Hotline for Migrant Workers and the Refugee Rights Clinic at Tel Aviv University. After being abandoned by the patrolmen at the Paamon garden lawns in Jerusalem, the refugees were, considering their fears, relieved. They immediately contacted volunteers of the Hotline for Migrant Workers who arrived that very night and helped relocate the confused refugees to Tel Aviv. The volunteers were surprised to find that behind the well-planned kidnapping stood Haim Avitan, mayor of Hadera, who even documented the kidnapping on video and distributed it to the media. âHadera is not the garbage can of Israel,â stated Avitan in subsequent interviews.
The mayorâs actions were harmed the refugees in several ways: they lost their places of residence and work immediately, were severely traumatized by the thought of being sent back to Sudan where they would probably be killed, and were afraid they would be punished for the violation of the court order instructing them to stay on the orchard premises. Despite all of the above, the refugees were fearful of suing the responsible party. âHow can small people like us, with no visa, dare sue the important mayor?â asked one of the refugees. Therefore it was the Hotline that actually filed the complaint against the mayor of Hadera. Over a year later, however, the 15 refugees agreed at last to file a tort claim against mayor Avitan. Attorney Hicham Chabaita of the Tel Aviv University Center for Human Rights prepared and filed the lawsuit, demanding NIS 80,000 in restitution for each refugee. The filing of this lawsuit was not a trivial event; a large number of refugees suffer injustices in Israel but mostly receive no recognition or compensation. On March of this year the city of Hadera agreed to a rare compromise: each refugee would receive compensation of NIS 20,000, for a total compensation of NIS 300,000. Judge Adi Chen-Barak of the Haifa District Court validated the agreement as a court ruling. It was symbolic that the refugees received the money on the eve of Passover, the holiday of freedom. âToday I got my dignity back,â said one of them. âI think that now the Mayor of Hadera understands that he cannot call people garbage.â
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ÙدعÙ٠اÙÙ ØÙاÙ٠ا٠âª30â¬â¬ â«ï¿œØ·ÙÙ ÙÙضÙÙ٠اÙØšÙاء Ù٠اÙØšÙت عÙ٠اÙØ°Ùاؚ اÙ٠ا٠Ùدرسة⬠â«ÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙتâª.â¬â¬ â«Ù٠ا ÙاغÙÙت اØÙÙÙÙ Ø© ؚعض ØضاÙات اÙاÙج؊ÙÙâª" .â¬Ø²ÙجتÙ⬠â«ØªØ¹Ù Ù ÙاÙا Ù٠اÙØšÙت ٠ع اطÙاÙ٠اÙÙ٠ا٠ÙÙجد ØضاÙات"⪠,â¬ÙÙÙÙ⬠â«Ø¹ÙÙ⪠,â¬Ø§ÙÙÙ٠اÙضا اÙ٠اؚÙت٠عÙدÙ٠اؚÙØ© ا٠⪠3â¬Ø§Ø¹Ùا٠Ù٠تعطÙ⬠â«ØŽÙادة ÙاÙدة ٠٠٠ست؎Ù٠اÙاÙت عÙد ÙاÙدتÙا⪠.â¬ØšØ§Ùرغ٠٠Ù⬠â«Ø§Ù ع٠ا٠اÙÙÙاد٠ÙØصÙÙ٠عÙ٠تأ٠Ù٠صØÙ⪠,â¬ÙÙ٠ازÙاجÙÙ⬠â«ÙاطÙاÙÙ٠اÙ⪠,â¬ÙÙذا ÙÙ Øتص٠عÙدÙ٠عÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ ÙاÙÙا ٠عرضة⬠â«ÙاÙ٠راض Ù٠خاطر صØÙØ©âª.â¬â¬ â«ÙضÙØ© اخر٠تÙÙ٠اÙاÙج؊ÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙتÙرÙØ© اÙØšÙرÙÙراطÙØ©âª.â¬â¬ â«Ø¹Ùد٠ا ÙØاÙ٠اÙاÙج؊Ù٠جتدÙد تأ؎ÙرتÙÙ ÙÙ Ùزارة اÙداخÙÙة⬠â«Ù٠اÙاÙت⪠,â¬ÙجؚرÙ٠عÙ٠ااÙÙت؞ار Ùساعات Ø·ÙÙÙة⪠,â¬ÙÙ٠ؚعض⬠â«Ø§Ø§ÙØÙا٠Ùعدة ااÙÙا٠عÙ٠اÙتÙاÙÙ⪠.â¬ÙÙ٠اØÙا٠اخر٠ا٠Ùس٠ØÙÙ⬠â«ÙÙ٠ؚااÙÙت؞ار داخ٠ا٠ÙØšÙÙ ØšÙضطرÙÙ ÙاÙÙت؞ار خارجا Ù٠اØÙر⬠â«âªPhotograph by Boaz Samoraiâ¬â¬
â«âªwant to deal with them. Iâm very concerned aboutâ¬â¬ â«âªthe future of this city. In my neighborhood thereâsâ¬â¬ â«âªnot much contact with them, but in the poorerâ¬â¬ â«âªneighborhoods itâs impossible to tell anymore if itâsâ¬â¬ â«"âªIsrael or Africa.â¬â¬ â«âªA Lesson in Apathyâ¬â¬ â«âªWhile the municipality did not respond to inquiâ¬â¬â«âªries about the campaign, Moti Morel - who hasâ¬â¬ â«âªpreviously represented the convicted former Israeliâ¬â¬ â«âªpresident Moshe Katzav and Prime Minister Benjaâ¬â¬â«âªmin Netanyahu - made clear how he feels about theâ¬â¬ â«âªrefugees. He told The Refugee Voice that Israelâs Deâ¬â¬â«âªpartment of Immigration âexamined in depth howâ¬â¬ â«âªmany refugees there are among the infiltrators andâ¬â¬ â«âªreached the conclusion that only one in every thouâ¬â¬â«ââªsand infiltrators is considered a refugee.â¬â¬ â«âªThough the flags were taken down in April,â¬â¬ â«âªthe municipalityâs discrimination continues. Afriâ¬â¬â«âªcan refugee children and youth are not permitted toâ¬â¬ â«âªstudy in the same schools as the Israeli youth. Theyâ¬â¬ â«âªare bused to Kibbutz Eilot on Eilatâs outskirts, butâ¬â¬ â«âªconditions are far from egalitarian. The children areâ¬â¬ â«âªmainly taught English, Hebrew, and math and workâ¬â¬ â«âªwith used books that they share with each other. Inâ¬â¬ â«âªaddition, the school is only open three hours a day.â¬â¬ ⫠⬠â«âªKier, a mother of five children aged 4-12 whoâ¬â¬ â«âªall attend the school in Eilot, says: âMy kids donâtâ¬â¬ â«"âªfeel like itâs a school. They donât really learn there.â¬â¬ â«âªMore importantly, parents are upset that their chilâ¬â¬â«âªdren are not allowed to study in the better schools,â¬â¬ â«âªthe schools where the Israeli children learn. Memâ¬â¬â«âªbers of the refugee communities claim that up toâ¬â¬ â«âªthirty children stay at home during the day ratherâ¬â¬ â«âªthan attend the school in Nof Eilot.â¬â¬ â«âªThe government also shut down some of theâ¬â¬ â«âªrefugee-run nursery schools. âMy wife works andâ¬â¬ â«âªIâm home with my kid because thereâs no nurseryâ¬â¬ â«âªschool", says Ali, who is also frustrated that Eden,â¬â¬ â«âªhis three year old daughter, was not given any iden-â¬â¬
â«âª- Continued on page 16â¬â¬
â«âªA hot destination for sunny weekend getaways, theâ¬â¬ â«âªcity of Eilat is a popular tourist attraction for manyâ¬â¬ â«âªIsraelis. But while they stay in the cityâs beachfrontâ¬â¬ â«âªhotels, ordering room service and sipping cocktailsâ¬â¬ â«âªon the sand, five thousand African asylum seekersâ¬â¬ â«âª-constituting about one-tenth of the city's populaâ¬â¬â«âªtion - are working hard to keep the machine of theâ¬â¬ â«âªEilat tourism industry running smoothly.â¬â¬ â«âªOnly a few years ago, new refugees wereâ¬â¬ â«âªbrought to Eilat by the hotels themselves, whose staffâ¬â¬ â«âªwould arrive at the border with vans and ask peopleâ¬â¬ â«âªif they were interested in working for them. Manyâ¬â¬ â«âªof the refugees who initially found jobs this way haveâ¬â¬ â«âªstayed in Eilat, where they have had found steadyâ¬â¬ â«âªemployment, established their families and createdâ¬â¬ â«âªsupportive communities. The only thanks they reâ¬â¬â«âªceived for their work were the gifts of exclusion, segâ¬â¬â«âªregation and discrimination both by the municipalâ¬â¬â«âªity and by many residents of this city in the South.â¬â¬ ⫠⬠â«âªEilatâs mayor, Meir Yitzhak Halevi, launchedâ¬â¬ â«âªthe âProtect Our Homesâ campaign in January 2011,â¬â¬ â«âªpaying top public relations agent Moti Morel 12,000â¬â¬ â«âªNIS to hoist 1,500 red flags on poles throughout theâ¬â¬ â«âªmain streets of the city. Red bracelets were distribâ¬â¬â«âªuted in municipal high schools while teachers exâ¬â¬â«âªplained to their students that they symbolize theâ¬â¬ â«âªcollective desire to get the âinfiltratorsâ out of Eilat.â¬â¬ â«âªThe campaign's goal was to increase public awareâ¬â¬â«âªness and to attract government attention, which theâ¬â¬ â«âªEilat municipality feels has been sorely lacking.â¬â¬ â«âª"The refugee issue is becoming dangerous forâ¬â¬ â«âªthe city and for the whole country," says Ran, a 25â¬â¬ â«âªyears old student from Eilat. "There's a constantâ¬â¬ â«âªflow of them crossing the border without any clearâ¬â¬ â«âªpolicy. I'm not sure that I agree with the harsh lanâ¬â¬â«âªguage of the campaign, but I do agree that someâ¬â¬â«âªthing must be done.â¬â¬ â«âª"These people are unable to speak the lanâ¬â¬â«âªguage, are uneducated and unemployed and thereâ¬â¬â«âªfore might be drawn to crime. A friend of mine,â¬â¬ â«âªfor example, has had his clothes stolen from hisâ¬â¬ â«âªclothesline a number of times because the refuâ¬â¬â«âªgees had nothing to wear. The police simply don'tâ¬â¬
â«âª"I don't know what the problem is". Mohammed in his restaurant which was closed by the police without explanationâ¬â¬
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â«âªOn the beach in Eilat: Ali and his daughter Eden (3) who was born in Israel but has not received documents of identificationâ¬â¬
16 And the Forecast is. Continued from page 14
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tification documentation when she was born in the Eilat hospital. Even though hotel workers receive health insurance, their spouses and children do not, which is why Eden is also denied it and is therefore exposed to health risks. Another disturbing issue concerns bureaucratic indifference. When refugees attempt to renew their visas at the Ministry of Interior offices in Eilat, they are forced to wait for hours on end, sometimes returning for many days in a row. Moreover, they also arenât allowed to wait inside the building and must instead stand outside in the sweltering heat for hours, without knowing whether they will be received that day. âWe often take the bus to Beer Sheva or Tel-Aviv to renew our visas there because itâs just easier," says one man from South Sudan.
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"Am I not a human being?" Many refugees endure name calling on the streets and are yelled at to go back to their countries of birth. Nazir, a refugee from Darfur, has had rocks repeatedly thrown at his apartment window by a group of Israeli teenagers. Upon calling the police he was told that they were on their way, but eventually realized that they would never show up. âIâm still scared to sit outside my house. If something happens to me, there is no one to help me", says Nazir. Mohammed, another Darfuri refugee, opened up a restaurant business last year only to find that his business would be subjected to frequent and random closures, some of which lasted for months on end. Eilatâs police never gave any valid reason for their decisions. âI still have a problem", says Mohammed, who devoted 60,000 NIS to opening his business in a manner that would ensure everything stayed in line with the law. âI even have an identification card. I donât know what the problem is and they put cameras everywhere outside my shop," he explains. Eilat's police refused to comment on the issue. The discrimination is so unbearable for some refugees that they find themselves quitting their jobs, moving to Tel Aviv or just losing hope. âThey always called me âblackâ and âtrash," recalls Ali, referring to his time working at a major luxury hotel. "When I was sick the doctor ordered me to stay home for three days, but my employers insisted that I come back to work anyway. Then they fired me only because I was sick. I said 'What? Am I not a human being?'", he says. "Without our sweat these hotels wouldn't function at all."
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"Without our sweat these hotels wouldn't function at all" A refugee working in Eilat
The "Protect our Homes" campaign
Photograph by Boaz Samorai
17
The World to Come
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Europe is closing its gates, nationalistic movements are on the rise, and international organizations sometimes do more harm than good. Prof. Galia Sabar, a leading Israeli researcher of Africa, sheds some light on what she calls "a crucial moment in the history of refugees."
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ââ Charles Kiragu and Shai Zamir
This year the world marks the 60th anniversary of the UNHCR (United Nations High Commission for Refugees), a UN agency mandated to protect refugees either by the UN itself or at the request of a state government. Among other things, the UNHCR assists in the refugeesâ repatriation, local integration and resettlement in another country. Many things have changed during the past decades - globalization, the world economic crisis and the appearance of new political powers in Africa have all given rise to new questions that have never been asked before. In order to obtain some possible answers we talked to Prof. Galia Sabar, the Chair of African Studies at Tel-Aviv University. Prof. Sabar has been studying the African continent for almost 30 years. She has conducted extensive research on the issue of HIV in Africa and for the past 15 years has also been examining the situation of African migrant workers and asylum seekers in Israel. We started off by asking Prof. Sabar to define the terms asylum seeker or refugee. "Itâs a very tricky question," says Sabar. "There is
a legal definition which is very clear, and there are also international conventions for deciding who are considered migrant workers, asylum seekers or refugees. "However, for a long time now I personally have been using the term 'people seeking life'. By saying this I relate to all those that come here for various reasons: economic, political, personal and ethnic. There are a lot of differences between these people, even among specific groups, so I try to relate to people on a very individual level." What are the most common reasons that drive people to leave their homes and seek help in a distant country they hardly know? "Poverty is the main issue and most African countries are poor. To be precise: most of the African people are poor, but their leaders are rich, and so they seek opportunities to better their lives. In most countries they are able to survive, but itâs still not a good life.
"Sometimes being poor is just like war". Sabar in a visit to Gahna
- Continued on page 18
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18 The world to come. Continued from page 17
"Itâs important to differentiate between those who had different options and those who were driven by force. That is one difficult task, since when there is war you obviously run away, but sometimes being poor is just like war - itâs a struggle; a struggle to maintain life and to survive". Black Labour The attitudes of the destination countries, most of them in Europe, have changed significantly in the last decade, she says. "We are now at a very crucial moment in the history of refugees," explains Sabar. "Until about five or six years ago, a large number of European countries were willing to open their gates for labor migrants or asylum seekers - particularly Scandinavian countries. They opened their gates, but didnât think much about the long term effects of their actions. Suddenly, when they opened their eyes, they felt as if strangers had conquered their lands." This social reality resulted in the swift and steady rise of resolute right-wing movements, which present a hard line regarding refugees. "Scary xenophobic voices are now calling for their governments to throw out the foreigners and close their gates. They tend to forget the reasons for which they opened them in the first place: the dying local economy, the low fertility rate and the blessings of a mixed population. We've come to the point where countries declare: we can no longer have more people. But it's really a matter of finding a balance and of looking ahead 10 or 20 years." Do you find any of their arguments justified? "I think that all in all it's very good to have a plural and diverse society, to have people of different political orientation or ethnic and racial background. However, I think that this large scale migration has also deepened the economic abuse and the economical-social gap even within those countries. "If you travel around Western Europe you see that the new migrants are doing all the menial labour. And so, instead of looking at migration as an asset, governments and a lot of people â especially the native poor - see it as a threat. Thatâs the danger: when you donât see the blessings but rather the difficulties and the dark side of migration." As part of these anti-immigration efforts, countries are now narrowing the definition of who is considered a refugee. "Of course there is also a lot of racism going on in this debate, as well as many hidden agendas," adds Sabar. "This is a major issue: people losing their jobs and an economic crisis always bring extremists to the forefront."
î 17 â«×××©× ××¢×××â¬
Fish or Fishing Lines Another recent change is that more and more businesses and organizations invest in and encourage investments in Africa. "It's the duty of the West to support the economic structures of third world countries and to stop taking out their diamonds, their minerals and their manpower. Instead, they need to invest in these countries so that they can develop their own stable economies." What is the role of the international organizations in this process? "Over the years the NGOs have assisted millions of people around the world. Thanks to their efforts people were kept alive. However, I think â and what I am about to say is harsh â that these organizations themselves are part of the reason there still are so many refugees and that their basic conditions haven't changed. "In my opinion, they don't do enough to change these conditions, a step that may lessen the number of refugees. Think about it: if they solve even some of the problems and the numbers of refugees will diminish, they will have no reason to maintain such huge organizations with thousands of people on their payroll. In many ways they give the refugees fish, but don't provide them with the mechanism to catch the fish themselves." "They sometimes cultivate the mentality of dependency and neediness. Of course, I'm not talking about all of them - there are wonderful people among them with good hearts, but if you look at the bottom line you see that for the last 60 years the international community has been trying to tackle issues of refugees and we still have people in certain countries that are third and fourth generation refugees." What are some of the possible solutions? "Above all, I think that we all have to realize that itâs not something that will ever be resolved. People are going to move around the globe like theyâve always done. Itâs here to stay, and we have to change our way of thinking and not look at it as a problem but as a challenge, as a window of opportunity. Maybe by changing our attitude we will start thinking about this issue in a different way."
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NGOs sometimes cultivate the mentality of dependency. Sabar in Gahna
The Refugees in Numbers
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At the end of 2010 there are an estimated 43.7 million refugees, a record high in the last 15 years.
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15.4 million people were given official refugee status, 840,000 are in the process of status determination, and 27.5 million people are considered displaced.
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47% of the refugees are women and children.
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80% of the refugees in the world reside in developing countries. Pakistan, Iran and Syria are the countries that have the most refugees within their borders.
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One out of every three refugees is Afghan. The second largest refugee population are the Iraqi refugees, the third- from Somalia.
Data: UNHCR
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Always dreamed of receiving a university degree, learning how to establish a business or acting on stage? A guide to higher education for refugees in Israel
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ââ By Ayelet Desta, Musa Adam and Singeda Jacob, Becca Resnick Various educational opportunities and academic scholarships are available for refugees residing in Israel. In most cases all that are needed and a high school diploma and a conditional release document stating the discharge from detention. Two steps may be required depending on the program: completing a preparation year and taking the psychometric exam. Refugees are eligible to apply to any of the six public universities in Israel. Listed below are some additional educational options available to refugees.
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The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) is an Israeli accredited university that offers a range of degrees including Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science and Law. Acceptance is based on applicants' previous academic record. Refugees are given the same consideration as any other applicant. Financial aid is available and is granted on a case-by-case basis. The IDC does not guarantee that every refugee applying for financial assistance will receive it. However, the institution is very generous in its outlook towards refugees who are accepted.
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09-9602841
http://portal.idc.ac.il/
University of the People is an online tuitionfree university that's aimed at educating people in the third world. Its mission is to provide universal access to quality, online post-secondary education. It is an American accredited university, which began operating last year and has already enrolled 800 students. The advantage of this institution is that it's possible to complete the degree from any place in the world with internet access. Furthermore, students can move from place to place without disrupting their program of study. The only required payment is a $50 application processing fee. Info@uopeople.org
www.uopeople.org
Tov Laadâat ("Good to know") is a project run by volunteers that aims at enrolling refugees in institutions of higher education. Their belief is that this will help the refugees in becoming less dependent on aid sources and better able at helping themselves. Tov Ladaâat offers refugees a fellowship which fully covers the cost of tuition at any public university in Israel, or an amount that can be applied towards tuition at a private college or university. They are particularly interested in providing fellowships to women refugees, which as of now there are none. office@tov-ladaat.org
www.tov-ladaat.org
09-9602841
http://portal.idc.ac.il/
www.tov-ladaat.org
The Community Education Center (CEC) is a part of Mesila (Aid and Information Center for the Foreign Community) in Tel-Aviv. It offers a number of courses on a variety of subjects, including: computer science, the establishment of businesses, psychology, photography and Hebrew and English studies. The team of lecturers is comprised of professionals and academicians working on a voluntary basis. Each course consists of 10 weekly two-hour meetings over a period of two and half to three months. Meetings generally take place during the evening hours. Lectures are conducted in English, but future courses in Arabic and Tigrina are planned. The tuition fees range from 100 to 150 NIS. Professor Gideon Kunda, CEC founder: kunda@post.tau.ac.il 03-6879727
Business Management course at Mesila Center in Tel Aviv
office@tov-ladaat.org
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â«ï¿œØ¬Ø§Ù عة اÙÙاس Ù٠جا٠عة عؚر ااÙÙترÙت ٠جاÙÙØ© تÙد٠ÙتثÙÙÙ⬠⫠٠Ù٠تÙا تÙÙÙر ا٠ÙاÙÙØ© اÙتعÙÙÙ â¬.â«Ø§ÙÙاس ٠٠اÙعاÙ٠اÙثاÙث⬠⫠اÙت٠ؚدأتâ¬,â« ÙÙ٠جا٠عة ا٠رÙÙÙØ© ٠عت٠دةâ¬.â«Ø§Ø¬ÙÙد ÙÙج٠Ùع⬠⫠اÙضÙÙØ©â¬.⫠طاÙØšâ¬800 â«Ø¹Ù ÙÙا Ù٠اÙعا٠ا٠Ùاض٠ÙاÙتØÙ ØšÙا⬠â«Ùذ٠اجÙا٠عة ؚاÙÙا ٠تÙØ Ø§ÙÙرصة اÙÙÙاء اÙتعÙÙ٠٠٠اÙ⬠⫠ؚااÙضاÙØ© ÙستطÙعâ¬.â«Ù Ùا٠Ù٠اÙعاÙ٠اÙØ°Ù ÙÙجد ؚ٠اÙترÙت⬠.â«Ø§ÙطاÙØš اÙتÙÙÙ Ù Ù Ù Ùا٠آÙخر دÙ٠عرÙÙØ© ع٠ÙÙØ© اÙتعÙÙ٠⬠.$50 â«ï¿œØ±Ø³Ù٠اÙتسجÙÙ Ù٠اÙدÙع اÙÙØÙد ا٠Ù؎رÙØ· ÙÙÙ⬠Info@uopeople.org
www.uopeople.org
:⫠٠؀سس ا٠ÙرÙزâ¬,⫠اÙؚرÙÙÙسÙر جدعÙÙ ÙÙÙداâ¬.â«ØŽÙÙ٠جدÙد⬠6879727-03
kunda@post.tau.ac.il
Professor Gideon Kunda, CEC founder: kunda@post.tau.ac.il 03-6879727
www.uopeople.org
Business Management course at Mesila Center in Tel Aviv
Photograph by Shaul Zorea
22
Zebib: "It felt as if I have already known her for a long time". Zebib and Stav
Photograph by Mulgeta Tuwmzghi
The voice of the Staff Name: Stav Shaffir Home country: Israel Age: 26
Name: Zebib Sultan Country: Eritrea Age: 27
On joining the newspaper: I believe that information should flow freely and therefore see any form of translation from one culture to another as important, especially today, when itâs obvious that knowledge can save lives. On the article: the article on rape which we wrote together is one of the most distressing stories I've encountered as a journalist. I hope that bringing this topic to the awareness of the public will help prevent more harm. On working with Zebib: it was a refreshing experience in general to write an article with another person instead of alone. The best thing about this one was that while working on this article I had the honor of hearing Zebibâs inspiring story. She is a very strong, intelligent and beautiful woman. During my free time: I love music, writing and travelling. I spend most of my free time trying to understand how come I donât have more free time to invest in these things.
Time In Israel: 1 year and 5 months. On joining the newspaper: I felt obligated to join, both as a refugee and as a woman, and to make my own voice heard. By writing I send a message to other women and to Israeli society, making them aware of our situation and hopefully making a change as well. On the article: This is an important issue that was not written about until now. We encountered some problems since many women were afraid and didn't want to be exposed. It was hard for me to see them suffer like that, having to hold everything inside. On working with Stav: I enjoyed it. Even though we only met while working on the article it feels like I have already known her for a long time. During my free time: I like reading but I donât have enough time to do so because I work hard and am very tired. I hope that in the future I can dedicate more time to that.
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23
Police Begin Arbitrary Confiscations of Refugeesâ Bicycles
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Are you a refugee riding a bicycle? The Israeli Police expect you to carry a receipt at all times for your bicycle proving you didnât steal it. An upsetting new trend on the streets of Tel Aviv
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ââ Maya Fennig and Qusai Alfaki
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The Israeli Police have begun arbitrarily confiscating bicycles of riders with African appearance. The police claim that the bicycles are âsuspectedâ of being stolen. In light of the wave of bicycle thefts hitting Tel Aviv, the police initiated this policy a few weeks ago, according to which African asylum seekers in Tel Aviv are to be stopped on the street and asked to present a receipt or any other proof that they have purchased their bicycles and not stolen them. The bicycles are then promptly confiscated even if purchased legally. Attorney Dr. Shachar Eldar, an expert in criminal law, explains that the police have based their actions on the penal code which states that: âanyone who has in his possession an object, money, securities, or any other asset which is reasonably suspected of being stolen, and who is also unable to satisfy the court that this object was purchased legally, will be sentenced to six months in prison.â Still, Eldar stresses that this remains a controversial action. âThe legal community is in agreement that this clause gives the police an excessive ability to arbitrarily violate the basic human rights of anyone it does not wish well. Nobody carries the receipts for his bicycle, mobile phone or watch. If the âreasonable suspicionâ that the bicycle is stolen is the skin color of the person riding it, that is a severe example of improper and racist use of the criminal law." One asylum seeker who experienced this humiliating policy firsthand is Faruk Mussa, a
20 year old refugee from Darfur. Mussa rode his bicycle every morning from his home in south Tel Aviv to his workplace in the city-center. During one of these rides last month he was stopped by two policemen. âSuddenly they blocked me off and asked whether I have a receipt for purchasing the bicycle,â explained Mussa. âI answered that I donât because I lost it. The policemen asked me if I bought the bicycle and I said that I did â at a store on Yarkon Street. I offered to show them the exact location of the store but they wouldnât hear of it, they just told me to get off of it and placed my bicycle in the patrol car.â Mussa explains that beyond the humiliation itself, the confiscation of his bicycle has made it impossible for him to move around town. âMy bicycle was almost like my car, so that now itâs hard for me to get to school and to work. I need to walk because no bus line connects my house to my workplace or school. Believe me,â he adds, âNext time I buy a bicycle Iâll stick the receipt to my forehead.â In response to inquiries, the police stated that the Central Bus Station area is a big center for trade in stolen goods and that arrests are made with no regard to religion, nationality, race or ethnicity: âA person who strays under suspicious circumstances with property he has no satisfactory explanation or evidence of having purchased arouses reasonable suspicion that the property is stolen.â They refused, however, to describe what counts as âsuspicious circumstances."
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24
The Prison Within
Nightmares, constant sadness and skin allergies are only some of the post-traumatic symptoms experienced by refugees confined in detention centers. Professionals explain why imprisonment has such an effect on people and how to escape this paralyzing mental state
ââ Charles Kiragu and Yaniv Fenig John crossed the Israeli border from Egypt two years ago. He was immediately arrested and taken to prison, a place where he would spend the next ten months of his life. In the beginning he believed that he would be able to cope with the rough reality of prison life, but after five months things began to change. It was then that John experienced feelings and thoughts that he had never encountered before: stress, depression and a total loss of hope. "It was horrible. Worse than the living conditions themselves was the knowledge that I was not a criminal and yet had to spend such a prolonged period of time in Jail", says John. "Three of us asylum seekers were kept in a room within a ward that contained 54 people, some of whom were real criminals sentenced to long periods of time in jail. Some of them were even serving life sentences", he recollects. "They scared me. Even the wardens were cautious around them. One time I was threatened that I would be murdered in my sleep." Though stressed and confused, John soon discovered that there were others more urgently in need of help. "My two other friends were more affected by prison life than I was", he says. "They stayed inside their rooms during most of the day and were constantly depressed. More than once they expressed their wish to die. I kept encouraging them to press on." A shred of hope As Western countries increasingly resort to policies aimed at reducing the number of individuals seeking residency, cases like that of John become widespread. Asylum seekers often experience traumatic events in their country of
origin and so are more susceptible to adverse effects on mental health. Mesi Paschia, who works for the "Hotline for Migrant Workers", has for the past three years been visiting Israeli prisoners displaying different levels of stress manifestations. "It doesn't matter how much money the state spends on the living conditions â it makes little difference if they introduce a new and tastier schnitzel to the already diverse menu", says Paschia. "What the non-criminal asylum seekers need is some hope of freedom." Sometimes desperate inmates find refuge in shaping reality according to what they want it to look like. "I recall seeing a unique man who was held in prison while his asylum application was considered", recalls Paschia. "He was dressed in a smart evening jacket; a flower tucked in his front pocket; a constant smile on his face and was very loud and outspoken. When I asked the guard who this guy was, he said I should leave him alone because he's crazy. It's sad that only someone who has taken a step outside himself and of reality can really remain happy in prison." "You're not crazy" According to Ruth Ben-Asher, a clinical psychologist and a member of "Psychoactive - Mental Health Professionals for Human Rights", common symptoms of the post traumatic mental state are a feeling of extreme sadness, fatigue and hopelessness; sudden and upsetting memories of detention; dyspnea - shortness of breath; any form of allergy, including skin afflictions and Asthma; constipation and diarrhea; sudden attacks of anger over inconsequential things; nervousness, sweatiness, shakiness and a rapid heartbeat; nightmares; the avoidance of inter-
action with other people; sleeping disorders; extreme loss or increase in appetite; lack of concentration and difficulty in keeping a job. Ben-Asher stresses that all of these symptoms are "totally normal in an abnormal situation. If you experience any of them, it doesn't mean you're crazy." Isolation following trauma, she says, is the root of these symptoms. Spending quality time with family and friends, participating in voluntary work, taking time to relax and joining a social club will all increase that much needed sense of communion. According to Ben-Asher, a key element is recognizing your resources at your disposal. "The first step in successfully coping with overwhelming stress is finding your resources and reconnecting to them", she explains. "They may qualities which you posses yourself, such as courage, perseverance and intelligence. Also, reestablishing the relationship with your community or loved ones will make you feel strong, balanced and joyful." After taking the first step, you become ready to advance to the next level, which is imagining a different outcome to the occurrence which originally elicited your stress. Ben Asher adds that through meditation it becomes possible to re-live the stressful situation and rewrite it in a fashion that enables a more positive outcome.
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26
"You need to sweat while cooking". Rose in her kitchen
Soul Kitchen Rose, owner of the most famous kitchen in Neve Sha'anan, agreed to let us inside for a crash course. We ended up with two recipes and a bunch of tasty tips on African cuisine ââ Maya Fenig, Qusai Alfaki, Or Garmolin
Rose Adon Aike, who came to Israel from Ivory Coast 10 years ago, is well known in the Ivorian community for her excellent cooking. This is what brings people to her house in Neve Sha'anan in Tel-Aviv 24 hours a day. Upon entering the kitchen a rich assortment of smells and spices fills the air. Children run to and fro, laughing and sneaking a taste as they go. Music plays in the background as Rose tends the steaming pots, wiping her brow occasionally with her apron. "You need to sweat while cooking," Rose says, "it means it's on the right track." When we ask Rose for the recipes for her delicious food, she agrees to disclose them but adds the following warning: "We in Africa donât cook like you - we donât measure in cups how much water or how many teaspoons of salt, we just put things in. We know how much to put from the soul, from the heart."
Aloko: In Israel people eat bananas when they are fresh, but in Ivory Coast they make them into something different by cooking them. Their local name is Plantain and they are firmer and less sweet than bananas. However, for this recipe you may use the kind available in Israel. The fried bananas and the sauce are prepared separately.
Bananas: 1. Prepare a pot filled with oil and boil it. 2. Cut the bananas and put them in. 3. Put some salt and let the bananas deep fry until they become dark brown. The sauce: This is a very spicy sauce that goes perfectly with the sweetness of the bananas. The food is so spicy and hot that it's used in Africa as medicine. Rose says that she uses this instead of antibiotics. 1. Dice 2 tomatoes, 2 onions, 5 hot fresh peppers and some garlic. Blend them all in a food processor. 2. Put the mixture over a fire with a little salt and chicken soup powder.
Soup de Gumbo (okra soup): Another spicy dish is this delicious soup that is served with Foo Foo, an Ivorian version of mashed potatoes, only much more solid in texture. The soup: 1. Heat chicken, fish, some onion and a pinch of salt in a pot without water. 2. When the chicken turns brown add water and "Pam oil" (African oil that has a reddish color and is richer than regular oil, available in most of the stores in Neve Sha'anan). 3. Add fresh pepper (substitute fresh pepper with black pepper to reduce spiciness). 4. At the same time boil the okra (Bamiah) in a separate pan with some water. 5. When the pepper is soft, take it out, grind it in the blender and put it back in. 6. When the chicken and fish are tender add the okra and mix everything together. Foo foo: 1. Mix dry potato mixture with water. 2. Cook the mixture in a pan on low heat until it hardens. ' Serve the two dishes together. Bon appetit! Special thanks to Abiba Koni
All photograph by Adam Oscar and Qusai Alfaki
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Sing it like they used to Founded by four friends from Congo, Bilaka play their own upgraded version of gospel music and dream of international success
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ââ Charles Kiragu, Yaniv Fenig
"At church we couldn't express ourselves freely". Bilaka in concert
Who are you? "We are Bilaka, a gospel group at heart which also sings about many different things besides faith. We were formed in October last year and come from different countries in Africa, primarily Congo. The meaning of our name is 'promise' in our mother tongue Lingala. "All of us used to sing at church in Congo and most of us played in a band there too. Christian, actually, was a soccer player and only started singing here. We met for first time in Israel when we started singing gospel in a church. Later we decided to form a band and began writing our own songs. The problem was that at church we couldnât express ourselves freely. "We wanted to upgrade the level of our music, because we believe music should be diverse and we wanted to sing different kinds of songs: from love songs through world music to political music". Where have you played so far in israel? "In Tel-Aviv - Levontin 7, Ozen bar, Salame 166. We also played in Eilat at a festival hosted by Brussels Airlines". What are the challenges you face as a band? "Our main difficulty is financial. We have to rent instruments because we can't afford to buy them. Recording sessions are also very expensive. So far we've managed to record only one song called 'I Am Not Able'. It's about life. After trying my best, I figured out that I can't make it on my own. Life is disappointing, love is disappointing. I can only trust god to help me". Why music? "Life is not easy for us, but when we play we feel relaxed. Music is in our blood, itâs a char-
acteristic of our culture and comes from our families. We praise god and ask him to help us because we don't know what's going to happen â we live from day to day". How does your music relate to Africa? "We play and sing like they used to before, like our roots. We play gospel music and we feel like we are blending modern and old". What are your dreams for the band? "International success! We want everyone to hear our music. We would love to have a studio where we could record whenever we want to. Most of us play several instruments, so we would love to open a music school where we could teach. We hope to reach a large audience so that we can contribute and benefit people back home, in Israel and basically everywhere". Members: Jack â art director, Congo, 33 Niko â vocals, administrator, Congo, 32 Junior â vocals, Congo, 31 Christian â vocals, PR, Congo, 32 Papi â vocals, Congo, 32 Daniel â bass guitar, Nigeria, 30 David â acoustic guitar, Nigeria, 30 Elisee â drums, Ivory Cost, 33 Bonfis â vocals, Congo, 34
Bilaka can play at churches, weddings and any other event. They play a lot at Salame 166, mostly on Thursdays. For more details: lapromesseg@yahoo.com.
Photograph by Tamuz Rachman
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"At church we couldn't express ourselves freely". Bilaka
Photograph by Tamuz Rachman
30
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Essential Information Mesila - Individual assistance: Provides information and explanations, assistance in dealing with employers and with the establishment, assistance in dealing with short-term problems, involvement in times of crises. Services regarding children: registration for school and kindergarten, health insurance for children. Address: 3 Rishon Lezion st. Next to the CBS. Phone: 03-6879727 / 03-6877796 Sun: 9:00-18:00, Mon: 9:00-15:00, Tues: 10:0016:00, Wed: 11:00-18:00, Thursday: 8:30-15:30 Kav LaOved - Kav LaOved provides low wage earners with legal information and representation. Legal information is available for issues of labor rights, social security, work related accidents, workers' legal status and work permits. Office hours: Tuesday 16:00-18:30 Address: Tel-Aviv Nahlat Binyamin st. 75 Phone: 03-6883766 / Fax: 03-6883766 The Hotline for Migrant Workers (HMW) is the primary NGO assisting detained refugees. Our staff and volunteers will provide our clients with humanitarian aid and paralegal representation while working to secure their release. We provide: 1. Direct information and assistance. 2. Para-legal representation to refugees (release procedures, The Ministry of Interior etc.). 3. Our legal department will file precedent-setting suits on topics such as detention conditions, illegal detention, deportation to Egypt, judicial review and more. Office hours: Sun thru Thursday - 09:00 - 17:00. The Hotline for Migrant Workers 75 Nahalat Binyamin Street, Tel Aviv, 65154, Israel Tel: 972.3.560-2530 / Fax: 972.3.560-5175 www.hotline.org.il / info@hotline.org.il ARDC â African Refugee Development Center - is a non-profit organization founded in 2004 by refugees and Israeli citizens to assist, support and empower refugees and asylum seekers in Israel. Office hours: Sunday to Thursday 12-6pm. To register for legal aid, opening hours are Sunday to Thursday 3-5pm. To register for English & Hebrew lessons, opening hours are Tuesdays 6-8pm (for the months of February and March). Address: Golomb 52 / Telephone: 03-6391416 Phisicans for Human Rights - clinic opening hours: ï· General/Family Physician - Sunday, Tuesday, Wednesday at 16:00. ï· Specialist Doctors (including Gynecologists, Orthopedists, Psychiatrists, and others): by appointment only. ï· Pediatrician (Children's Doctors) Friday at 9:00 Location: 4 Baruch Sapir St., Jaffa, Ground floor Tel: 03-6873027 / Fax: 03-6873029 Hagar & Miriam - African and Israeli women in Friendship and Motherhood. The project helps pregnant refugee women and women after birth to get the medical help they need, along with information and support (not money) at this special time in the woman's life. 050-2099968 / Hagar.Miriam@gmail.com ASSAF - Aid Organization for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Israel. Support and Legal Center: Open: Sunday, Monday, Wednesday 15:00-18:00. The center provides information, consulting, legal aid and guidance for asylum seekers. Youth club: Open: Monday, Tuesday, Thursday 19:00-20:00. The Youth Club is open to ages 1421. The club introduces the youth to young Israeli volunteers, and provides social activities, movies and more. The club provides a safe and enjoyable surrounding in which the youth can receive help and support.
Psycho-Social guidance for individuals and families: As part of this program, ASSAF provides professional guidance for those in need. for more information turn to the âSupport and Legal Centerâ. Email: assafaid@gmail.com Tel: 072.2513838 / Fax: 072.2513837 Address: Golomb 52, Tel-Aviv, first floor. www.assaf.org.il Levinski Clinic - Medical clinic for diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted disease. The clinic provides free tests for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases such as Gonorrhea, Syphilis and Chlamydia. The free tests are only done in prearrangement - an appointment must be scheduled only after a doctor has decided upon their necessity. The clinic can only accept patients with a Doctors referral, and does not conduct the free tests if only needed for work permits. Refugee Clinic - The Health ministry of health and the Israeli Health Union Refugee Clinic provides initial medical attention for Asylum seekers. Open: Sunday - Thursday, 16:00-19:00. An appointment for the evening physician must be made an evening in advance using a form pinned at the door starting at 19:00. UNHCR - the UN refugee agency The United Nations High Commissioner for refugees (UNHCR) is a UN organization working to protect and aid asylum seekers and Refugees in the world. The organization strives to implement the 1951 Refugee Convention that was written in response to the large waves of refugees following the aftermath of World War 2. Among people seeking refugee status in Israel are citizens of countries from around the globe who claim persecution in their country of origin for: race, religion, ethnicity, belonging to particular social groups or for political opinion. Tel: 03-5167700 / Fax:03-5167800 Address: 119 Ha-hasmonaim st., Tel-Aviv. E-mail: ISRTE@unhcr.org Reception days and hours: Sunday, Monday Tuesday and Thursday â 09:00-12:00a.m On Wednesday UNHCR office will not have reception hours. We Refugees - an N.G.O. that seeks to change government policies concerning the imprisonment of asylum seekers and refugees who arrive in Israel, while focusing on their right for representation. Telephone: 077- 4084413 Location: Shoken 7, Tel-Aviv The clinic for refugee rights in Tel-Aviv University - Represents refugees and asylum seekers in legal and principal matters. Staff includes 2 lawyers and 16 students of law. Meetings have to be scheduled in advance. Faculty of law, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv. Telephone: 03-6408361 E-mail: lawclinic@post.tau.ac.il Amnesty International is a worldwide movement of members and activists who campaign for internationally recognized human rights for all. Amnesty Israel works on a variety of issues including advocating for the rights of refugees and asylum seekers. Our organization works for policy change by offering education courses to refugees across Israel and conducting campaigns on subjects like the detention center and hot returns. If you would like to get involved please contact our Refugee Rights Coordinator, Sara Robinson, at sara@amnesty.org.il. Address: 27 Montefiore Street, Tel Aviv Telephone: 03-5250005 extension 32
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32
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What do you miss the most in your home country?
á«á¥ áááá« á¥ááááá« á¥á² ááááá«á® áá áá°á£áá«á® á£áá© á£áá³á² ááá á¥áá³á á¥á©?
Zakaria Muhamad (24), Darfur: "First of all my family and then my friends and my community. The Janjaweed gunmen destroyed the whole area". Nadak Michel (28), Sudan: "What I miss the most is that in Sudan your family can help you with your children, while here you have to pay for everything". Alpha Boubacar (30), Guinea: "I miss my parents whom I haven't seen for five years. They have never seen my baby, their grandchild, and she's two years old already". Tayeb Adam (17.5) Sudan: "I miss the green scenery and the clean fresh air. Sudan is the best country in the entire world."
The "REFUGEE VOICE" newspaper is a nonprofit initiative aimed at providing information to the refugee community in Israel and enabling it a means of expression and a platform to enhance it's free speech. The paper is produced with the equal collaboration of all the staff members. The staff is divided into several work groups, each including refugees alongside Israelis, whilst the vision is for the paper to be exclusively run by the members of the community themselves. Have any story ideas? Important issues to report? Would you like to be a part of the staff? You are more then welcome to contact us at: therefugeevoice@gmail.com www.therefugeevoice.com
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Bereket Tekle (27), Eritrea: "I miss my culture and everything included in it â my family, my costumes and my religion. It's my identity".
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Taileda Sanyut (20), Eritrea: "I miss my family, my friends and my cousins. I havenât seen them for such a long time".
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Participants: Zebib Sultan, Stav Shaffir, Yochay Maital, Or Garmolin, Kidane Issac, Kesem Adiv, Jamal Bashara, Sigal Rozen, Kab Bony, Ali Hamad, Maya Paley, Charles Kiragu and Shai Zamir, Ayelet Desta, Lior Birger, Musa Adam, Singeda Jacob, Maya Fennig, Qusai Alfaki, Charles Kiragu, Yaniv Fenig, Ido Shlomo, Ariel Taubenfeld, Tamuz Rachman, Lior Patael, Boaz Samorai, Mulgeta Tuwmzghi, Adam Oscar, Lanre Vincint Adeyinka, Shaul Zorea, Roni Wolf, Nof Natanzon, Geyres Moussa, Yonatan Levi, Ben Nathan, Ayala Panievsky, Itamar Haritan, Dolev Rahat, Fesseha Kidane, Hagai Hirshfeld, Maya Paz, Guy Erlich, Roni Henig, Becca Resnick