Suzanne O'Donovan & Kostas Ipeirotis - Booklet by Miasto Przemysłowe

SUZANNE O’DONOVAN

KOSTAS IPEIROTIS

PLYMOUTH UNIVERSITY MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE YEAR 2 / ARCH568 > URBAN STRATEGY

URBAN SYNTHESIS M I E J S K A

S Y N T E Z A

URBAN SYNTHESIS / MIEJSKA SYNTEZA ur路ban / miejska

:of, relating to, characteristic of, or constituting a city

syn路the路sis / synteza

:the composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole

:the production of a substance by the union of chemical elements, groups, or simpler compounds

or by the degradation of a complex compound

:the combining of often diverse conceptions into a coherent whole; also : the complex so formed

:the dialectic combination of thesis and antithesis into a higher stage of truth

Introduction [historical and political context] In late October 2012, we visited Ursus, Warsaw at the invitation of Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Rozwoju Ursusa [Association for the Development of Ursus], a consortium of businesses and industrialists located within our site. The association was formed in response to an ongoing threat from an external actor, Celtic Developments, who over the past few years have been buying up vacant land on the site, demolishing buildings and who have developed a masterplan which envisions the site being transformed into a ‘high-end’ residential area. There are a number of problems with Celtic’s proposal - some of the land has been incorrectly designated as non-functional - an error which has now been legally proven in the Polish court of law and consequently negates the basis for their masterplan; secondly, relating to Polish law regarding pollution, housing cannot be located on much of the site due to both contaminated ground and noise pollution. These are practical issues, however what also should be considered is whether [solely] housing is right for this place? Ursus, as a district of Warsaw, has had a colourful journey which at its core, its raison d’etre is production. Before Ursus, this area was made up of three villages - Czechowice, Skorosze and Szamoty. In the late 19th Century, a factory was set up which produced fittings for intially sugar production - this expanded to include central heating, water-supply parts which then led to the establishment of Zaklady Mechaniczne ‘Ursus’ [Ursus Industrial Plant] in the Szamoty Area. Czechowice was designated as a housing estate for the factories, while Skorosze became the seat of municipality for the area. The focus of production evolved over the years from exhaust engines, trucks to [after becoming nationalised] military tractors, tanks and heavy machinery in the 30s. During the second world war and under occupation, the Germans seized the production operations and machinary and exported everything to Germany.

The remaining buildings were vandalised and abandoned until after the war when the factory was rebuilt and production became focused on producing tractorys which led to the Ursus brand. In the 50s, the area which was then known as Czochowice was renamed Ursus. The area became part of Warsaw in 1977, intially as part of the Ochota district [as punishment for the factory’s role in strikes against the communists in 1976], but it wasn’t until 1993, after the fall of communism that Ursus became its own district within the city of Warsaw. The 1976 strikes are an important part of both Ursus’ and Poland’s history in that it led to the birth of the Solidarity movment which ultimately led to the fall of communism. Production of tractors began to decline in the 90s and eventually led to bankruptcy. Assets were sold, however much of the infrastructure from the original operation remains and so today the Tractory Factory site [Tractory], whilst fragmented with differing functions and differing land-owners has a coherance through infrastructure [now managed by Energetyka Ursus] which both relates to the site’s industrial heritage and has also acted as a means by which to unite the fractured site to fight against this new threat to this place of production. So, how did we become involved? To counter Celtic’s shiny masterplan, Plymouth University Master of Architecture programme have been invited to propose an alternative. As a heading, this project as been called Industrial City 2.0 - which challenges us to think about how spaces of industry could co-operate with urban life? Is the notion of post-industrial city simply moving ‘problem’ industrial areas elsewhere? Is there a solution that can unite the fragmented parts of this place into a more coherant and healthy whole? Can we propose a strategy which injects a catalyst to prevent further decay/degradation of this place?

Definitions Tractory

A nickname given to the area which once housed the Ursus Tractor Factory. This area is officially called ZPM Ursus, or The Former Mechanicial Works, Ursus.

Diagnosis

An evaluation and analysis of existing conditions

Intervention

An activity, event, object or structure that attempts to remedy a problem identified in the diagnosis stage. An intervention could also be considered a mechanism which might act as a catalyst for change. It may be a one-off event or a slower process.

Prognosis

A forecast which attempts to suggest how an intervention might have a spatial or social impact. In this context, all prognoses are discussed in terms of spatial consequence and related to the potential socio-cultural, economic and political implications.

Nested Scales & Relatedness

Specifically relates to Henri Lefebvreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s interpretation and adaption of the japanese spatial philosophy of XXXX. Lefebvre suggests that three scales of experiencing the city can only be discussed and explored in how they relate to each other. In this strategy, nested scales are applied and can be considered in a number of ways - spatially, temporally [phasing], and extent of activity. These scales are:

L = Local [private / short term]

Situations, places and spaces that are private, intimate and most connected with the individual. This strategy considers interventions at both spatial and temporal scale - so, meanwhile uses are considered at a local scale - because of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s short term implementation, and because the scale of the activity can to some extent be enacted by the inidivual.

I = Intermediate [semi-public / medium term]

Intermediate interventions are situated in the medium term of this strategy and are potential prognoses from the local/ meanwhile interventions. Intermediate proposals might require considerable more investment from either an internal or an external actor however the impact cuuld be on local/intermediate/global actors/space/society.

G = Global [public / long term]

However each scale might have aspects of the other. For example, with architectural analogies: in a house [local] a reception room = global; hall = intermediate; bedroom = local; or in a public building [global]: foyer/lobby = global; meeting room = intermediate; office = local. Equally, in this strategy, a local proposal might have a long term impact on the global through a chain of events, or a sequence of outcomes. Equally, decisions made at the global level can have a lasting impact on the local. In this strategy, we consider the global issues of climate change [energy, waste, water] and how that the local scale, Ursus can contribute to this.

Introduction [Approach] The Tractory site is 180 hectares, and in our 10 day visit, trying to see as much of this place as possible left little time to fully explore the context of Ursus, and Warsaw. However, one thing that we did realise was how, despite its seemingly fragmented and isolated nature, many of the issues that we are exploring are inter-related at different scales. With this in mind, and taking into account Lefebvres theory of nested scales, our approach has been to consider the issues at these different, inter-related scales, propose a strategy that might cause a long-term socio-spatial impact at, again, these different scales.

Analogy

This strategy discusses the issues, strategy and potential outcomes using the analogy of preventative medicine/dentistry. We consider the analogy preventative, rather than remedial - as this strategy comes at a time where the issues on site are perhaps both cause and symptoms of a problem - thus fixing the symptom might also resolve the root of the problem. Through Diagnosis, we analyse/consider the pertinent issues/ information that have fed into our proposal. What are the symptoms? Is there external contextual socio-cultural attitudes/activities that could have a bearing on the future of Ursus, and the Tractory site? From diagnosis, we propose a number of Interventions which could happen, or begin to happen within the next 3-5 years. We consider the actors and institutions that could make this happen through funding, organisation/implemenation and how this might socio-spatially impact the site/district in the short-medium term. These interventions could simply be meanwhile uses to activate the Tractory site while more long term investment is sought. Or,

L I Gstart a these meanwhile uses could in fact act as a catalyst to kick revolution of new era of creativity, productivity and consumption in L this place. With this in mind, we explore potential outcomes from I some of the interventions, which in particular fit in with our concerns about long-term environmental issues [at the global scale] G and how these might be challenged at the local scale. We call these L explorations: Interventions/Prognosis. I Finally, we consider what the overall Prognosis might be, G and how

L I

it might impact on the human experience of this place. If all, or even some of these interventions were implemented, could these create a Tractory site that is more coherant, holistic, humane? Could we then begin to discuss the possibly of human inhabitation of the Tractory site?

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A Strategy for Urban Synthesis > Diagnosis >>

L: Site I: Context G: Situation A Strategy for Urban Synthesis and (L/I/G) Relatedness

Interventions >>

L: #1-5 years: Meanwhile Uses

Interventions/Prognosis >>

I: #3-10+ years: Bioremediation as a Catalyst

Meanwhile Use: The Arts as a Catalyst... Meanwhile Use: Allotments... Meanwhile Use: Enterprise Incubator... Meanwhile Use: Bio-remediation...

Bioremediation as a Catalyst Hemp as Raw Material Bioremediation + Biomass

G: #8+ years: District Symbiosis Waste as Nourishment Energy Production + outputs Byproduct: Clean Water District Symbiosis And the Oligocene Wells?

Prognosis >>

.... >>

(L/I/G): Possible Outcomes Permeability Industrial Heritage Residential? Identity, Diversity + Activity

Summary References

LAND/BUILDING USE/NON-USE

SITE

ABANDONED/DERELICT OPEN SPACE ABANDONED/DERELICT/ VACANT BUILDING OPEN SPACE IN USE BUILDING IN USE

L/I/G: Site> Diagnosis Site

In walking around the tractory site, an immediate observation of symptoms relating to the political situation, the perception of non-use, was more than likely grounded in the apparent lack of inhabitation of some buildings, plots and inbetween spaces. This perception, in some cases, was appropriate, however in other cases was very much an assumption and did not relate to either the activity within or the value of that activity. In the context of the legal arguement which contests this designation of non-functional - the error [assumption] appears to be based on a cursory glance at the external situation, rather than an indepth investigation of use, inhabitation and value.

Symptoms + Diagnosis

Our investigations led us to diagnose two roots in this problem: The first is the blank faรงade > the mega-monolithic and homogenous surface of the inhumane scale that belied what was actually happening inside. On the surface, there is little that makes manifest the richness of productivity inside, not to mention the immaterial stories - hertiage, socio-cultural and economic impact, networks and synergies that contribute to the sense of a place. The second root is the appearance of abandonment resulting in dereliction and decay [= devaluing] The spaces between buildings are those that people most engage with on a level that is perhaps less aware than the sort of engagement within. Thus, any sort of future for the tractory must be based on an engagement, which is likely to be based on a positive valuation which may be social, economic or cultural. This process of valuation could be a manipulation which leads to a sense of responsibility or ownership - a mechanism to provoke an indignation [and potentially a fiercely protection] and/or evoke memory [and again protection?] So, what then can be done to provoke/evoke this?

The varying character of the District of Ursus

L/I/G: Context> Diagnosis Context / Character Ursus has distinctive character areas which surround the Tractory site and two main typologies of residential use - namely: private, single family homes and communal blocks of apartments. Throughout the context, there are numerous individual business and commercial enterprises, however it could be said that the sociocultural centre of Ursus has formed around the primary train station PKP Ursus. However, this isn’t so much a centre [if compared with a typical UK high street] as more concentrated pockets of nonresidential use. In terms of what this might mean for any intervention on the Tractory site - this mapping might potentially identify future uses that are related to where people might currently be and how then this can expand/grow/evolve to take in a wider sphere.

FARMLAND

INDUSTRIAL / COMMERCIAL

SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES

COMMUNAL APARTMENTS

‘CENTRE’

SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES

FARMLAND

COMMUNAL APARTMENTS

Diagnosis: Farmers/Gardeners

Gardeners + Farmers

agriculture/farms

Gardening/Cultivating has been identified as a strong part of Polish leisure culture with a high number of allotments throughout the city. Additionally, and particularly in the case of Ursus, the district is peripheral and peri-urban. In fact, it is almost a peninsula - surrounded on three sides by farmland with a distinctive blurring of boundaries between rural and urban.

allotments gardens

A phenomenon that was observed in the inhabited Ursus surrounding the Tractory site was the number of private, detached single family homes on large plots with large gardens. This was in stark comparison to the areas of communal housing where sense of ownership might be lacking, reducing motivation to cultivate common land.

Cultivation In Ursus, and context

L/I/G: Context> Diagnosis Entrepreneurs

A second observation that has a bearing on this strategy is what seems a high proportion of back-yard or cottage industries in the surrounding context. This is particularly noticeable in the areas that can be characterised as single family homes on large plots, or in other words capacity to build a backyard workplace. And, as is the case with the gardening observation, in the areas characterised by blocks of communal housing, this capacity simply isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t there - so perhaps inhibiting opportunities for backyard entrepreneurialism for these residents.

Approximate concentration and locations of cottage industries Cottage/Backyard Industry

Oligocene Well Gas Power Heating Sewage/Drainage Water Pylons/Power Lines

L/I/G: Situation> Diagnosis

Gdynia

Gdansk

Situation

Elblag

Out of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, in consideration of the general situation in Ursus/ Warsaw/Poland/EU, there have emerged some disturbing issues - mostly related to the environmental context - however which has a serious impacts on everyday life as well as long term consequences relating to health, society, economy and cultural values.

Water/Waste/Energy

Grudziasz

Bydgoszcz

Poland is still emerging from the heritage of the iron curtain and industrialisation. At present, not all citizens have access to clean, potable water and even in Warsaw, the capital city, Varsovians are obliged to either purchase bottled water, or visit an Oligocene well where deep groundwater is drawn that they can then take home to drink/cook. It is almost incomprehensible that a capital city in the EU, in 2012, is in this situation. Moreover, Warsawâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s central position on the Vistula - places it at the mercy of sewage, agricultural and industrial effluent from upstream activities. At present the majority of rivers in Mazovia are categorised as Class III quality, and while the water quality is improving, it may be some time before surface water quality reaches Class I, which is the requirement for human consumption [and probably a healthy ecological habitat]. The Vistula River Basin covers approximately two thirds of Poland so remedial action cannot be limited to places only directly connected to the Vistula. Tied in with this is Polands [currently] poor records on waste recycling. Again, due to EU accession and regulations, this situation is improving and there is lots of investment in waste infrastructure - however there is much to be done in order to reach 50% recycling targets by 2020.

Torun

Wloclawek

Plock

Warsaw

Pulawy

Sandomierz

Warsaw, on the Vistula; and Oligocene Water Shots throughout the city

Krakow

#1 URS.U.S. > INTERVENTIONS

Diagnosis > Interventions >>>

Meanwhile Use: The Arts as a Catalyst... Meanwhile Use: Allotments... Meanwhile Use: Enterprise Incubator... Meanwhile Use: Bio-remediation...

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Ursus Outdoor Gallery: concept plan

#1.1 INTERVENTION >> The Arts as a Catalyst...

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Stowarzyszenie SKORO [Since Association] ROD aims to promote social engagement and active citizenship amongst inhabitants of Ursus with a strong emphasis on local identity. This group were strong supporters and promoters of the recent CULBURB events that took place in Ursus.

SKO

Cultural Institutions such as Biuro Kultury [Culture Office within the City of Warsaw Authorities] who are obliged to co-operate with [and potentially sponsor/fund] local neighbourhood cultural initiatives.

OR G

ET ART A RE

Industrial Sponsorship/Patronage there are many commercial organisations who could benefit from associating with these types of events. Additionally, even actors on site could commision site specific work that could make manifest on the facade/canvas what is happening inside. IAL SP Arsus located on the ‘Tractory Site’ with a cinema, gallery and community space, Arsus [Cultural Centre] organises many events at local, city, regional and national scale. It is possibly the cultural heart of Ursus and has the potential to provide a bridge between artists and residents.

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There are a number of EU funded Culture Programmes which aim to enhance the cultural area shared by Europeans, develop cooperation between actors as well as encouraging active citizenship through the engagement and involvement of citizens and civil societys in arts and cultural initiatives.

EU F

The most crucial element of this intervention is the involvement of Ursus residents - particularly, as the transformation of the tractory site into a giant gallery is partly for their benefit and use, but this event is also a mechanism to establish the significance of the tractory site in their hearts as a part of Ursus’ cultural and industrial history. Involvement could simply be through a programme that invites participation through diversity and variety of events [music, performances] as well as the gallery, and the creation of the gallery. However, it would also be a golden opportunity to engage residents in community art - through workshops that culminate in a temporary or semi permanent display of local projects on site. Community Art workshops could potentially make use of the rich supply of waste materials available on site - many of which are uncontaminated and would be safe to handle, for example, in the creation of community art/sculpture, products.

A number of organisations have been identified as having potential to both organise events and engage the community in this intervention, as well as procure funding from local, state and european sources:

CULTUR ND

Community Participation/Engagement

ALLO

SOR ON

A potentially significant impact on the direction of this strategy is in the implementation of this first ‘quick and dirty’ intervention - a festival that invites artists to use the giant facades as a canvas for art. This would effectively transform the tractory into a huge outdoor gallery, providing another layer of use on top of the existing industrial activities. Artists would be invited to use this opportunity to showcase their work, however could also be encouraged to use the spaces [perhaps through commisioning] by business owners to use the facades to advertise/manifest what goes on inside; or alternatively to celebrate the role of the Tractory in history - both in terms of products and political influence - for example, the 1976 protests.

The Who and The How

EN TM T

Giant Facade = Giant Canvas

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Street art is the ability to contribute to: the space, the city and the art. Street art is an extension of natural energy, which gives the city a whole new character. This is a manifestation of constructive dissentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Katowice Street Art Festival Website

Ursus Outdoor Gallery: concept section

Layered Uses Precedents: Precedent #1 - Katowice Street Art Festival

This festival was held in the Selisian city of Katowice in April, 2012. With the support of the City Council, and with a range of both local, national and internation artists, the city became an artistic work in progress. Particular attention was paid to the forgotten parts of the city in an effort bring new life and interest to these places, as well slightly more monumental, showpiece works.

Precedent #2 > See No Evil, Bristol

For the last two years, Bristol’s Nelson Street Area has been transformed, and transformed again by the See No Evil Festival which brings street artists of international standing to Bristol in order to celebrate outdoor art. The festival [which takes place over a weekend] attracted 50,000 people in 2012, and from this, what was once a drab street leading to Bristol’s main shopping area has become a destination for tourists throughout the year. Bristol’s identity is fast becoming synomonous with street art and graffiti culture, and the cities authorities recognise that this gives Bristol a unique place in people’s hearts as a creative, thriving and buzzing city.

Precedent #3 > Platform: Ursus [Cooperativa Studio]

With local partners, Arsus, Raphael and Urząd Dzielnicy Ursus, Culburb project, Platforma: Ursus was a search for the current identity of Ursus was a pretext to talk, with the people of the district. Where is the heart of Ursus? How they would like to see it presented to the outside? How does it feel to live in Ursus? Do people feel connected to this place? Platform:Ursus did not leave any permanent traces in the city - but rather intended to give Ursus a voice and a memory.

Proposed Allotments Proposed Allotments on site Alternative/additional allotment plots on site and in context Existing Allotments

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Institutional Involvement would be beneficial to manage the allocation of plots. Ursus District Council has the potential to connect and engage with residents and potential cultivators, and could effectively noticeboard the plot availability and manage a waiting list for interested residents.

Possible Outcomes ECZE N OL With growing use of the site could come demand for other services - such as catering/social spaces. INSTY cluster These would possibly H around the allotment sites. Additionally,KAlinks could be created M with the market on Kazimierza Gierdziejewskiego where surplus produce could be exchanged or sold. AR E W SA

There may need to be a highlevel, light management of the PARTNER overal allotment programme. Y An organisation that could potentially include this in their remit is Stowarzyszenie IOSEkologiczny Ursus [UrsusPI Ecological Association]. IPS SH

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Zarzad Dzielnicy Ursus [Ursus District Council]

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Arsus and Stowarzyszenie SKORO [Since Association] could promote cultivation events and workshops, with potentially the ability to obtain funding under the EU’s Cultural Programme.

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There is a tradition in warsaw of in-between gardens, called tymczasowy, or temporary. These allotments would be tymczasowy. Offered on the understanding that cultivation is fleeting - and so would perhaps need to be mobile, or moveable.

OMM

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Almost half of the land on the site is currently unbuilt upon and so could be considered as available for meanwhile uses, while owners either decided what to do with the land, or acquire funding for their next step.

S LA

Context With an existing socio-cultural context of allotment tending in the city, and in Ursus - a meanwhile use of allotments on the site has great potential ING CL to bring residents without access to land together in a social atmosphere.

Allotments

PAPE

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piXXE P are an organisation that have a number of projects XE R in Warsaw that have at their heart experimental exploration of the environment [Soil Garden, Railroad Garden, Edible Warsaw]. Through these projects, workshops are run that invite members of the community to engage with food, gardens, growing and each other. Involving piXXE in a community level project in Ursus could be a great way of promoting the project and engaging residents with the tractory site.

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Ursus Incubators: Concept plan

How to Cultivate on contaminated land? Allotments

The plots identified vary in terms of overgrowth and contamination. From the limited testing done, it should be assumed that the soil is heavily contaminated and unsuitable for conventional cultivation in its present state. However, there is nothing to prevent cultivation that is slightly separated from the ground - such as grow beds, hydroponics or aquaponics. The additional advantage of ‘separated’ cultivation is that it would allow the garden/farm to be moved - in keeping with the underyling, inbetween condition of tymczasowy. For example, Grow Beds could be on tracks or wheels so that if a plot becomes no longer vacant, the farm could be wheeled onto a new plot.

FISH REARING TANK

CLARIFICATION

HYDROPONIC BEDS Plants feed on fertilised water [nitrate] while filtering and purifying water

SOLIDS REMOVAL [SEWAGE - to biomass or compost and wetlands]

RECIRCULATION OF PURIFIED WATER

Aquaponics Systems are designed around nature’s natural metabolisms in which there is a symbiosis between plants and fish. It is a closed system in that it can be separated from its environment and the only byproduct is fish waste solids which can be allowed to compost - providing nourishment for conventional cultivation. PHYTODEGRADATION organic pollutants broken down by plant metabolism

Precedent: Sweet Water Organics, Milwaukee

Sweet Water Organics describes itself as an urban farm using re-purposed industrial space for aquaponics which grows fresh and safe produce for local residents. An additional objective is to provide a resource for job creation and to revolutionise the re-use of urban landscapes. In the heart of an urban neighbourhood, Sweet Water Organics provides an excellent precedent for an urban regenertrification through speculative capitalism.

Pollutant accumulates in harvestable parts of plant tissue

PHYTOEXTRACTION Pollutant removed from soil and released into atmosphere in volatile form PHYTOVOLATISATION

PHYTOSTABILISATION pollutant is immobilised but remains in soil

PHYTOSTIMULATION roots enhance microbial activity in rhizosphere leading to degradation of pollutants

â&#x20AC;&#x153;I thought I was beginning to understand how the allotment gardens work here, but now I have discovered a whole new in-between type of garden, called tymczasowy, or temporary.â&#x20AC;? Jodie Baltazar, piXXE 2012

TYMCZASOWY > Meanwhile Community Cultivation Precedents: Precedent #1> Growing PlacE16, Canning Town

The space ... will eventually become the new town centre ... but in the meantime it will provide a space for fruit, vegetables, cultural events and workshops. The project has two parts - firstly, there is a growing space for individual plot holders (a temporary allotment) called greEn16. Secondly, the project is aimed at bringing together a wide range of community groups - for example, a hostel for homeless adults, a residents association, the scouts, and a learning disabilities group.

Precedent #2> Eco-box, Urban Tactics

A series of self-managed projects in the La Chapelle area of northern Paris which encourage residents to get access to and critically transform temporary misused or underused spaces. These projects initiated in 2001 valorise a flexible and reversible use of space and aim to preserve urban ‘biodiversity’ by encouraging the co-existence of a wide range of life-styles and living practices Urbantactics began this process by establishing a temporary garden constructed out of recycled materials. The garden, called ECObox, has been progressively extended into a platform for urban criticism and creativity, which is curated by the aaa members, residents and external collaborators and which catalyses activities at a local and trans-local level.

Precedent #3> piXXE Projects, Warsaw

piXXE who do ‘projects involving experimental explotration of the environment’ have two current community gardening projects in Warsaw. The first is the Soil Garden which cultivates soil from organic waste. Waste food is collected from markets, supermarket bins, restaurants and households and brought to the piXXE garden where is is composted.

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You need space..... I need people?

Based on diagnosis of the entrepreneurial culture of the district, it is probably a safe assumption that Ursus residents might be interested in starting a business - in particular those who might be limited by either space or funding.

OW ng cultivati ROOM TO GR

From a City/State/Eu perspective, at present, there is great emphasis on enterprise development in Poland, and in Europe as it has been recognised that in comparison to the US, levels of entrepreneurialism in the EU are relatively low. Therefore, it is likely that any initiative that encourages entrepreneurialism would have widespread institutional and financial support. Ursus Incubators: Concept plan

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An example of this [which connects with the Energy/Waste/Water proposal within URthis SUS Urban Strategy] could be a partnership between Warsaw Institute of Technology’s research centres: Institutional Research Centre for Energy and the Environment [IRCEE] and University Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems Research [UCSESR]. These centres could link M.ST up with State institutions such as the Institute of Environmental US Protection - National Research Institute. A potential industry partner, already performing R&D in the area of Biofuels is SGS. With Energetyka Ursus’ involvement, the Tractory site could become an exciting Test Site for emerging technologies in Energy, Waste and water provision. LECZE Y

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Initially, businesses might be varied, ECZE ZAR OL T diverse and relatively unfocused however potentially, particular sectors might be targeted as having synergy with an existing actor/material or general industrial agency on the Tractory site.

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As is already happening with Asmet and Korurs, further links could be developed with the M IOR US I Bvarious Higher Education Institutes within theURScity in the formation_ ofIL an academic/ industrial partnership. This scheme could identify, mentor and support graduates with innovative ideas that could provide a research and development programme within the Incubator facility in Ursus.

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Zloty Srodek is a local Ursus-based agency which focus on supporting entrepreneurship through provision of training ROD workshops, as well as advice on funding from state, EU and also the Swiss-Polish Co-operation Scheme.

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On the Tractory site, there are a number of buildings currently not in use, and SUS WA UR in reasonable condition, that could be quickly, and cheaply Sconverted into A small and medium sized units suitable for small enterprises to get started. RKE A As this is initially a meanwhile use to create inhabitation of the site, there could be a number of incentives to encourage take up: • Incubator Space is rent free for a specified period > 6 - 12 months • Mentoring support from existing actors on site who would sign up to + DEVELO coach new businesses. P CH TMENT O M T S RE E O L S A L

Meanwhile use of Buildings to a more ‘Permanent’ temporary use of Space? ING OR G OMM CL In the first instance, it is proposed the the incubator occupy one of the many buildings available on site which could require consent from land-owners with an agreement on a meanwhile tenancy period.

EU Funding + Institutes There is considerable financial RY support from the EU to Poland in the form of two ERDF Operational Programmes: ‘Human Capital’ and ‘Innovative Economy’. These funds are managed in Poland by the ‘Ministry of Regional Development’ who split the funds amongst a number of Institutions who then act upon and manage specific projects under the banner of these EU funded programmes. The three institutes that are perhaps most relevant in this discussion are PARP [Polish Agency for Enterprise Development], Agencja Rozwoju Przemyslu [Polish Industrial Development Agency] and the Ministry for Science & Higher Education.

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The Incubator

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In the likely event that building owners find a full-paying tenant then an alternative incubator space could take the form of shipping containers [transported by rail] which could be adaptable to the needs of its occupant. Another option would be ET ART A that the containers remain on wheels creating a sort of mobile enterprise park. RE The siting of this incubator could work well with AIG/Lincolns proposed Diamond Business Park in the development of actor-networks and identifying ERS potential synergies.

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incubator containers: concept section

Container Spaces

With the allotment spaces fully occupied throughout the weekend, and growing numbers of business and people on site, there might develop a need for more cafes. A ‘Milk Bar’ container could develop links with the allotments whilst providing nourishment for the Tractory’s growing population

Entrepreneurial Precedents: Precedent #1: Brixton Village, London

Twenty units in this small, local shopping centre stood empty and so three months free rent [over a period of 12 months] motivated a diverse range of entrepreneurs, community groups, artists, volunteers to occupy them with a view to long term tenancy. The project is now finished but all units are now let - many to new, local businesses which emerged from the meanwhile project

Precedent #2: Dekalb Market, Brooklyn, NY

Dekalb Market is a new community destination in Downtown Brooklyn, housed in a collection of salvaged shipping containers, that bring together Brooklynâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s creative entrepreneurs in a community setting that include an incubator farm, events and performance venue, and a collection of eateries and work-sell spaces. Its aim is to provide economic opportunity for [and to connect the community with] independant entrepreneurs and creative people in four broad categories makers, artists, farmers and chefs.

Proposed Bioremediation within the Tractory Site.

sites

primary bioremediation sites alternative bioremediation sites based on current ‘spatial’ availability’

Ursus Bio-remediation Proposal

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Funding PARTNER Y While the cost of bioremediation is considerably less than the cost of removing 3 metres of soil, there would still need to be an outlay to cover costs ofIOexpert S-P I consultation, plants and management. A possible source of funding to supplement the cost to the landowner would be EU ERDF funding - under the European Cohesion programme. The GEF (Global Environmental Facility) could be an alternation, non-EU source of funding also. IPS SH

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In the long term, as existing buildings come into dis-use and are demolished - landowners could be persuaded/coerced [through policy] to allow a period of time for bio-remediation which would ensure that over an extended period of time [century+] the entire Tractory site might eventually be returned to health.

RKE

For example - Industrial Hemp is an effective bioremediator, whilst also a good source of biomass. Is+ DEVEL OP CH is possible for Industrial Hemp crops to be grown on site S R S in order to de-pollute the soil? ACouldE this crop then be harvested and used as biofuel? Could this crop also be explored for its properties as a natural fibre _ MIL such as - leading to manufacturing of products SUS I UR paper, textiles, plastics, construction materials? Is this possible, or could the toxins be released into the atmosphere through bio-mass process or fibre extraction? An actor that potentially could explore these questions is the Institute for Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, based in Poznan. Is there an opportunity for this actor to set up an R&D outpost in Test Site Ursus to explore whether it is possible to safely layer these different uses.

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After the soil has been cleaned potentially the site could stay as it is - an aforestation, or greening. Alternatively, allotments could RY move to the cleaned soil while the remediation process moves to clean the soil where the allotments were.

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Local Agencies ROD The Association for the Development of Ursus, and the Ursus Ecological Association could be driving forces in this project. The former for initiating the project and the later for implemetation.

Depending on the bioremediators that are used, a potential A outcome of this proposal could lead to a number of industrial applications.

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Certain plants have greater capacity than others to cope with a toxic environment, and within these some plants can metabolise particular contaminants. Phytoremediation is an area of science Sstudies have proven that is in its infancy, however certain case IAL P to be successful as a long term, low cost and less destructive means of remediating polluted sites. Depending on the levels and types of contamination, phytoremediation could take anywhere between 6 months to 40 years and might require multiple crops, however in the meantime it can create a parkland, a wetland, a woodland that can be both a visual and physical amenity.

Consent from Land Owners At present, the plots identified as being ING OR G OMM CL ‘spatially available’ for bioremediation are owned by Celtic Properties, therefore consent would need to be gained. Potentially, the cost savings of natural bioremedation versus the expense of land removal could be a motivating factor. UBAT

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And what then?

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Even with some of the plots being used for raised allotments, it is unlikely that there would be demand that would utilise all of the empty space on the tractory site. Therefore, it is proposed that these plots could be planted with a range of phytoremediators that over a period of time would absorb, degrade, or remove the toxins in the soil.

Phytoremediation

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#1.4 INTERVENTION >> Bio-remediation

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Plants feed on fertilised water [nitrate] while filtering and purifying water

SOLIDS REMOVAL [SEWAGE - to biomass or compost and wetlands]

RECIRCULATION OF PURIFIED WATER

Phytoremediators:

PHYTODEGRADATION organic pollutants broken down by plant metabolism

Pollutant accumulates in harvestable parts of plant tissue

PHYTOEXTRACTION

sunflower (helianthus annuus)

mycoremediation

Pollutant removed from soil and released into atmosphere in volatile form PHYTOVOLATISATION

PHYTOSTIMULATION roots enhance microbial activity in rhizosphere leading to degradation of pollutants

PHYTOSTABILISATION pollutant is immobilised but remains in soil

willow (salix viminalis)

industrial hemp (eg. cannabis sativa L)

phytoremediation processes

bioremediation: concept section

Bioremediation Precedents Chernobyl: Phytoremediation of Radioactive toxins

Most of the land within a 10km radius of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant is still heavily contaminated after the 1986 disastor and today Ukranian officials believe it will be about 20,000 years before the area is fit for human inhabitation. In 1998, a consortium began a process of bioremediation through the planing of phytoremediators - sunflowers, willow and Industrial Hemp - for the removal of contaminants in the ground near Chernobyl. So far, the results show a significant decrease in the extent of contamination - bringing the possibility of reinhabitation closer.

Fresh Kills, Staten Island [Field Operations]

Fresh Kills is one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest domestic landfills. Two of four mounds were capped in 1997, but the remaining two were left open for dumping until 2001. Plans to cap the remaining two mounds and turn the entire site into a park and monument for 9/11 are under way. The cap will consist of 5 layers and a landfill gas collection system will be used to generate domestic energy. In this case the use of green remediation will not only prevent the unnecessary expenditure of energy, but will in fact, produce new energy.

Gas Works Park, Seattle [Richard Haag)

Gas Works Park was one of the earliest remediated sites in which materials of environmental concern were kept onsite and incorporated into the design of the project. A gasification plant occupied this space between 1906 and 1956 leaving hydrocarbons and tar. Were it not for the recycling of much of the plant building and surrounding soils, this project could not have been completed because of the great cost of removal. Moreover, the application of green remediation meant that these vast amounts of recycled material were not contributing to secondary environmental issues.

#2 URS.U.S. > INTERVENTION / PROGNOSIS > Bioremediation as Catalyst....

From Bio-remediation +

Bioremediation as Cataylst

Enterprise Incubator >>>> New / Alternative / Renewable Raw Materials Renewable Energy Production

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biomass crops [industrial hemp crops]

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Another, more proximate and resilient alternative, as will be explored later in this strategy, would be to exploit the thousands of cubic metres produced by Ursus District residents every day. This is a source of biomass that will not disappear, and in fact is likely to increase through the forescasted growing population

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Understandably, with any major investment, Energetyka Ursus would require a guarantee sufficient quantities of biomass to justify the capital outlay. It is that the area of land put aside for N Aunlikely TL bio-remediation will provide enough biomass UPsort C for any significant of energy production. Additionally, as Ursus increases in population, wealth and health, land is likely to become for valuable for human activity rather than agricultural use. Biofuel needs could be met through sourcing crops from external sources which would be transported to the CHP plant on the existing railway connections.

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Energetyka Ursus would be a strong partner in testing, and supporting [funding?] research and use of [potentially toxic] industrial hemp as biomass. This is likely to require investment in additional facilities such as pyrolysis.

Any waste materials from ETLAN manufacturing process could form a synergy with Energetyka ETLAN LAN Ursus Tand used as biomass.

IN MP

The Institute for Natural Fibres could be a key actor in initiating and implementing research relating to the safe layering of use of a bioremediation crop for energy or industrial applications. The institute is currently based in Poznan but is involved in a number of EU funded projects with national and international partners that focus on industrial and bio-energy applicatins for renewable, natural fibres, such as the Crops 2 Industry project. T R N A E P Y

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Potential applications for industrial hemp, which PL have been tried, tested and marketed are: paper, SUS WA textiles, plastics and construction material. This raw UR S A material could still be considered an emerging area of research and thus, the Ursus Hemp Research ARKE facility could focus on alternative uses which may link in with existing manufacturing and industrial activities on site, link in with the emerging incubator enterprises, or propose an entirely new industry taking Ursus forward in terms + DEVELO P of innovation and industry. CH AL

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One of the possible outcomes from the proposed ALLO meanwhile uses is the potential for alternative applications for a bioremediation crop. In OR G OMM particular, Industrial hemp is been identified as having multiple uses which, on the Tractory site, could be layered to benefit a number of stakeholders.

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Bioremediation as Catalyst....

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Crop Production - Fibre Extraction - Textile Manufacting - Garmet Production - Retail - Consumption

New/Alternative Renewable Raw Materials Existing and Emerging Uses for Hemp

Limited tests on cannibis demonstrate that marijuana could be an effective treatment for: Pain; Chemotherapy, Hepatitis CAIDS, Cancer, Glaucoma, Spinal Injury, PTSD, MS... Note: This document is printed on hemp paper

Paper

hempcrete thermo-hemp - insulation

Building Materials Fuel

Pharmaceuticals Cosmetics

Plastics / Composites Food

onyx hemp bike prototype

Textiles

hemp seeds

plastic hemp weighing scales Adidas Hemp show

thread, rope, twine > carpet, clothing

Hemp Oil and Hemp Granola....

Hemp as Biomass Proposed biomass fields [based on first phase of bioremediation] Energetyka Ursus Facility Raw Material Flow Energy Flow

Renewable Energy Production Hemp as biomass > Alternative Biofuels

As well as remediating the contaminated soil, industrial hemp is high in biomass and quick growing [from seed to three metres in four months] which means it could be used as biofuel in energy production. On site, Energetyka Ursus could use the existing railway lines to transport harvests from the fields to the energy plant. If the crop grown on site is insufficient, additional biomass can be transported via rail from crops grown elsewhere in Poland. However, it should be recognised that it is unlikely that an area of this size would continue to be used for agriculture - particularly if the population of Ursus, and Warsaw grows as is forecast. In this event, the land is likely to increase in value and become more viable as for human activities - such as commercial or residential. This is explored further in the Prognosis part of this strategy. An obvious question might be - why become reliant on biofuel if the primary source will disapper? This strategy proposes that industrial hemp is not the primary source - rather it is a by-product of another process [bio-remediation]. The use as a bioful could simply be through incineration [which Energetyka Ursus already intend to invest in in order to burn municipal solid waste], however this strategy suggests that there is an alternative source of constantly renewable, reliable and extremely resliant biofuel which is proximate to Tractory - sewage. This rich source of energy could be a motivator for investment in a different type of energy technology - pyrolysis.

#2 URS.U.S. > INTERVENTION / PROGNOSIS > Waste / Energy / Water

From Enterprise Incubators +

Waste as Nourishment

Bioremediation >>>> Energy Production & Outputs Byproduct: Clean Water District Symbiosis And the Oligocene Wells?

Waste as Nourishment EU/State/City Context

With Polands accession to the EU came a number of environmental targets that would need to be met. Along with this are billions of euros of funding from the EU’s cohesion fund which aims to bring new member states up to Europeam Standards in areas of infrastructure. All countries have energy targets [carbon emissions], and Poland in particular has issues relating to waste and water manegement.

Waste/Water/Energy

Stemming from the bioremediation and entrepreneur initiatives in the early part of this strategy comes a question - is there single way that Ursus, at least, can deal with it’s own energy/waste/water issues - and set a precedent that can ultimately see Poland’s water quality improve, minimise waste and produce clean energy?

ENERGY

The strategy situates a number of players in Ursus that could potentially impact this. At the centre of it is Energetyka Ursus, who is already dealing with Energy, Waste and Water on the Tractory Site. This strategy proposes that Energetyka Ursus tenders or negotiates with Ursus District Council, and Warsaw’s municipal Water and Sewage Body, MPWIK for control of Ursus’ waste sorting [not necessarily collection], and water supply and sewage treatement. This would effectively provide Energetyka Ursus with a completely renewable energy source - municipal solid waste and sewage. However, in order not to demean ongoing efforts to promote minimisation of waste, as well as recycling/upcycling opportunities, waste as nourishment is focused on using only waste which cannot be re-used for any other purpose. In any effect, Poland is still required to meet its recycling targets therefore a waste sorting centre would be a requirement.

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ST ETLAN Connected with the Incubator With waste now being separated at source RIAL S LA ST RIAL ST initiative implemented in the comes an opportunity for recycling and FLUE MET EF ETLAN early / meanwhile stage of this upcycling. Energetyka Ursus, proceeding AN TL PL E LLOan academic/industrial strategy Ais with its intent to harvest energy from AST SOR W SUS WA partnership with a focus on waste opens a Waste Sorting centre TME UR S A LO sustainable renewable energy/ from which recyclables are extracted ING OR G OMM CL waste/water technologies and and onforwarded for re/upcycling. FLUE management. This research EF ETLAN activity would be what gives the Tractory site an edge in terms of taking forward new IN MP [orBexisting] technologies with + DEVELO P U AT CH E M LE N T T a view to testingO and TMputting E S RE LO Through the pyrolysis process, water is L AS CILITY AN in place a district symbiosis FA TL extracted which requires further treatement In compliance with EU targets, dealing with the issues of UPC before being discharged into theFwater SUSA S Ursus District Council has R F LUE U waste, energy and water. ERS _ MIL SUS I TREAT table. A constructed wetlandsE in built BIOR UR E implemented separated new supply of on the Tractory site and handles all at source [home] waste E recycled materials S wastewater produced in the District. collections. For a few on site opens doors for Other sites in Ursus are also identified years this is sent alternative synergies, or new as having potential for wetlands to another waste With Polands acession industries in the tractory construction. The clean effluent can sorting centre in to the EU community Energetyka Ursus invests in sewage site/district be used for grey water in allotments. Warsaw URSU came a number of treatment and pyrolysis facility in S SEW RS environmental targets order to be able to extract energy ROD With the pyrolysis facility in place, Ursus’ that would need to from both biomass and sewage. domestic sewage is now redirected to the M.ST be reached. By 2015, S This is a scaled down model of the U Tractory site. Sludge is separated and separated waste Czajka facility converted to biogas through pyrolysis. collection needs to be This energy is then returned to the implemented with 50% people of Ursus who provided the fuel recycled, a national BIODI in the first place. network of wastewaterT ZAR ECZE LUENT IN OL LECZEN F O T R N A E P R F Y treatment plants completed. By 2030, MPWIK Wodociagi Warszawskie, [Board of Municipal Poland aims to supply Water & Sewage in Warsaw] are responsible for all NSTY I clean water to all of its S IO -PI H water and wastewater treatment and distribution in the citizens. city. In this strategy, MPWIK relinquish control of Ursus’ M With these targets in KA water and sewage treatment to Energetyka Ursus who will place, failure to comply take responsibility for sewers, mains supply, water treatment and results in infringement fines. Thus, wastewater treatement. pressure from the top is filtering down to local municipalities to resolve their water and waste management.

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Waste Input Energy Output

sewage

domestic sewage and wastewater treated. sludge separated, compacted and dried and used as biomass

municipal solid waste

domestic waste sorted. recyclable/ upcycling separated, remainder compacted and used as biomass

Energy Production & Outputs

CLEAN WATER

Capacity + Potential

At present the Pruskow plant handles approximately 38,000m3 of sewage per day from Ursus and 4 other districts. This would convert to approximately 4,000m³ of biogas per day which would power about 80 homes. Obviously this is not enough to power the entire district of Ursus however it is a start. And, ultimately the primary purpose of this type of plant is not energy production, but waste water treatement, the energy produced is a byproduct - a bonus. his means of waste treatement is effectively killing two birds with one stone.

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is the precurser to gasification and takes place as part of both gasification and combustion through thermal decomposition at very high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. A long established example of this process is charcoal burning. The products of pyrolysis are solid [char], liquid [condensate] and gas [syngas]. The Pyrolysis low chart indicates the inputs and processes required in order to produce energy.

CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

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GAS CLEANING

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ELECTRICITY GENERATION

PELLETING

METALS & SLAG [carbon black] can be used in asphalt

RAW MATERIAL

Proposed Waste to Energy Material Flows for Ursus via Pyrolysis process.

Precedent: Czajka Wasterwater Plant, Warsaw

The Czajka Wastewater Plant to the north of Warsaw has been recently upgraded to handle thermal utilisation of sludge in order to produce energy. The plant can handle 435,000m³ of sewage per day, treating all of the wastewater from the Warsaw’s right bank. This produces approximately 46,000m³ of biogas which converts to approximately 57,500kW/h of electricity per day. This is enough electricity to supply approximately 1,000 homes per day. The Czajka plant is Polands first completed effort at modernising its entire wastewater system under EU targets.

Ursus Energy Exchange

Czajka Wastewater Treatment Plant North East Warsaw

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Gradually, through increased and more diligent wastewater treatment, the quality of toxic water being released in the Vistula will be reduced. This will go a long way towards meeting Poland’s target of clean water for all by 2030.

MPWIK With an upturn in the quality of water being discharged into the Vistula through filtration via constructed wetlands and other wastewater treatment, monitoring of water quality will allow river classification to be upgraded enabling more effective water treatment.

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The ultimate aim of this proposal is to improve the health of Poland’s rivers so that the water quality can be increased to Class 1 which would enable potable water to be supplied from IOS-PI over-exploited deepH rivers and reservoirs allowed the currently aquifers to recover. ECZE OL

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This stategy proposes that the Wetlands be sited on the North of the site. While odour is generally not a problem with constructed ENTbeen chosen because it is isolated from wetlands, this site has TM S RE OTME LO L AS residential areas so that on the rare days where there might be odour issues it would be unlikely to cause problems. Additionally, this sitingBIOisR less likely to encounter political opposition in the _ MIL planning stages. A third reason would be the creation of habitat - again in this isolated plot, other than the noise pollution from passing trains, habitate creation could naturally flourish.

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Byproduct: Clean Water

Wetlands Precedent: Town of Cobalt, Ontario

Handeloh, Germany

Cobaltâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s constructed wetlands project was undertaken in 1994 and conpleted in 2000, following an environmental assessment for the town which considered alternative wastewater treatments. Since operation, the three cell wetlands has attracted a number of wild species to this new habitat. The wetlands has exceeded forecast expectations - in particular given its location in a cold climate

solids separation

This sewage treatment plant supports 30 permanent residents plus visitors. Situated on a hillside allows for natural gravity flow without need to constant artifical pump.

Distribution manhole #1

Constructed Wetlands Processes Section

biological purification stage #1 [4 cells)

public walkway Distribution manhole #2

biological purification stage #2 [2 cells)

sample collection manhole

to pond or swale

public walkway

Ursus Constructed Wetlands Outline Sizing

Calculations are based on an estimated 50gallons per person per day, and the present population of Ursus [50,000] which amounts to 2,500,000 gallons [9,500m³] of sewage per day. At present, no data is available on non-residential waste]. Assuming a BOD influent of 140mg/l with a desired effluent of 10mg/l and a BOD removal capacity of 2.5kg/m²/year, the following preliminary formula allows for a rough calculation of the area required for this wetlands: {([influent BOD - effluent BOD] x flow rate m³pd/1000) x 365} ÷ removal capacity {([140 - 10] x 9,500/1000) x 365} ÷ 2.5 = 180,310m²

The area to the north of the site is about 61,000m², whereas all of the areas throughout the district make an area of approximately 331,000m² which would be sufficient for the districts current needs as well as a limited growth in population. Having numerous wetlands distributed throughout the district could be more effective, and sustainable, than one giant wetlands - as wastewater can be distributed evenly, with allowance for maintenance and safe management.

Proposed Wetlands Site

61,000m²

capacity to support 25-30% of Ursus’ Wastewater

District Symbiosis ENERGY (POWER)

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District Symbiosis Mutual Benefit

What began as an exercise in seeking improved water quality has led to a more holistic symbiosis between the residents of Ursus and the Tractory Site.

Synergies

Waste from one actor is nourishment for another - Food provides nourishment for humans, who metabolise it and consequently provide fuel for biomass, which is converted into energy and fed to human homes [which is then used to part-metabolise food]. Additionally, rainwater is collected from roofs, treated and circulated through allotments, thus reducing pressure on wastewater systems. A constructed wetlands handles wastewater and biologically filters it before safely discharging clean water into the Vistula River Basin, and into the hydrological cycle which feeds again into the district symbiosis.

Gateway Symbiotic District, Portland, Oregon

As the building blocks of cities, neighbourhoods are the right size to test sustainable technologies - small enough to innovate quickly and large enough to have a meaningful impact. The link at the neighbourhood scale beteween people and space makes these places the most critical intervention points where a feasible sustainability strategy can be developed and implented.

Ursus Wells

Existing Oligocene Wells Community Catchment

And the Oligocene Wells? An Alternative Future?

One of the key aims of this strategy is to contribute to Polandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s effort to bring clean, potable water to all of its citizens by 2030. If... When this happens, what then for the Oligocene Wells that are such a large, part of peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives?

From Drudgery to Play?

One possible future for these wells is that they are transformed into a community space - a play-space - with water at its heart. The wells, which might once have been a place of social gathering can once again bring people together.

Water Squares, Rotterdam. De Urbanisten

The water square combines water storage with the improvement of the quality of urban public space. The watersquare can be understood as a twofold strategy. It makes money invested in water storage facilities visible and enjoyable. It also generates opportunities to create environmental quality and identity to central spaces in neighborhoods. Most of the time the water square will be dry and in use as a recreational space. The design for the watersquare is divided into two main parts: a sports area and a hilly playground. The space is framed by grass and trees. When heavy rains occur, rainwater that is collected from the neighborhood will flow visibly and audibly into the water square. Short cloudbursts will only fill parts of the square. When the rain continues, more and more parts of the water square will gradually be filled with water. The rainwater is filtered before running into the square. The rainwater will be held in the square until the water system in the city has enough capacity again. Then the water can run off to the nearest open water. The water square is therefore also a measure to improve the quality of the open water in urban environments. After it has been in use as buffering space, the water square is cleaned. Therefore the design is made with fluent slopes.

#4 URS.U.S. > PROGNOSIS

Diagnosis > Interventions >>>>

Permeability Industrial Heritage Residential? Identity, Diversity + Activity

URSUS PERMEABILITY Potential movement hierarchy primary routes secondary routes tertiary routes

Ursus Permeability Concept Masterplan

#4.1 URS.U.S. > Prognosis #2 > Permeability Destinations Create Movement

Rather than impose a rigid network of roads and pathways, this strategy proposes putting in place reasons for people to move and then based on informal pathways formed by movement, gradually build a more permeable Tractory. The diagram illustrates potential connections within the site and with its context based on exising informal pathways, and on sites that are currently available and so could be written with a smaller, more humane footprint. The large scale plots to the north of the site, which are currently in use for warehousing etc may become available at a future date - in which case a similar sort of informal approach could be taken.

Moving through the Re-inhabited Tractory Site

#4.2 URS.U.S. > Prognosis > Industrial Heritage A place of Value & Meaning

In a future that forecasts greater activity on the Tractory site in an increasingly vibrant and healthy district, there is likely to be greater viability in restoring some of the rich industrial architectural heritage on the site. These buildings are identified as being of significant cultural and architectural value and should form an important connection between Ursusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; industrial past, present and future as well as creating a cultural link between Ursusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; residents and industrialists.

This strategy proposes that the large [very dilapidated] building, next to Asmet, be conserved and refurbised for use as a cultural building. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s position at the south of the site, close to the main train station, and to the cultural heart of Ursus would invite more people on to the tractory site. On internet forums, Ursus residents have stated a need for a cinema, and bars in the district. This building would be large enough to host an independant cinema, some bars and restaurants as well as potentially a new home for Arsus who would continue their cultural curatorship of site events, such as the street art festival that kickstarted everything, many years ago.

Significant Derelict/Abandoned Buildings

The ‘Hops’ Building This building could also play host to some pop-up / temporary creative enterprises - continuing the entrepreneurial tradition of the district. Based on observations of naturally growing hops [hence the nickname] on this currently derelict building, and with a general, world-wide growing trend for high quality, local beer, part of this building could host an independant brewery pub. Hops could be grown on site in the green space in front of Asmet, and grain transported by train directly into the building on the remaining railway lines.

The ‘Hops’ Building Location and concept proposal

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#4.3 URS.U.S. > Prognosis > Liveable Ursus? A place for human habitation?

So, the question that we posed at the outset of this strategy was: Could this be a place to support everyday human activities and life? Do places of industry/production and the places of consumption have to be separated? Granted, there are certain industrial activities which do not easily lend themselves to integrated occupation, however in the case of the Ursus Tractory site - even current activities are not so difficult to integrate with urban life - We believe it is possible, in this case, to create an urban synthesis, and that with appropriate bio-remediation of ground and water contaminants that this could not only be habitable for humans, but a place within which to further grow a community. However, we will leave this question open-ended by saying that this strategy proposes some meanwhile uses that might kickstart a number of alternate futures. One of these might result in an infiltration of residences that might begin to replicate the housing typologies of Ursus - ie. with backyard industries and cultivation. Could these then replace the large scale industries? Perhaps. Or perhaps not. Maybe, they could find a way to co-exist.

Living on the Tractory Site

proximity

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cultivating

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ALLOTMENTS WASTE TO ENERGY TO WATER habitat

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COMMUNITY GARDENS

#4.4 URS.U.S. > Prognosis > Identity, Diversity + Activity Ursus Identity?

Ursus has always been association with productivity - both in a material way [tractors, tanks etc] and an immaterial way [solidarity] and we propose that productivity continue to be at the heart of Ursusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; identity. This strategy aims to put in place a framework for catalysts that might ultimately lead to a more coherant, unified and synergetic Ursus. Where places of production and consumption are integral in everyday life, and where the people of the district can appreciate the rich heritage of the place and begin to form a vision of what the future might be. Perhaps a future where Ursus reverses its bedroom city/commuter town trajectory and focuses more on becoming its own destination place. A place that breeds diversity and activity - in a way that is infectious. This could be a healthy virus.

Occupied, inhabited, diverse, vibrant - a place for everyday life

URS.U.S. > Urban Synthesis > Summary Ursus has always been association with productivity - both in a material way [tractors, tanks etc] and an immaterial way [solidarity] and we propose that productivity continue to be at the heart of Ursusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; identity. This strategy aims to put in place a framework for catalysts that might ultimately lead to a more coherant, unified and synergetic Ursus. Where places of production and consumption are integral in everyday life, and where the people of the district can appreciate the rich heritage of the place and begin to form a vision of what the future might be. Perhaps a future where Ursus reverses its bedroom city/commuter town trajectory and focuses more on becoming its own destination place. A place that breeds diversity and activity - in a way that is infectious. This could be a healthy virus.

URS.U.S. > References Archdaily (2011) Symbiotic Districts: Towards a Balanced City. http://www.archdaily.com/138514/symbiotic-districts-towards-a-balanced-city/ ARP (2012) Agencja Rozwoju Przemysłu. http://www.arp.com.pl/

Association for the Development of Ursus (2012) Industrial City 2.0. http://www.funbec.eu/nowydizajn.php#nowydizajn5587 BBC (2010) Oxfordshire town sees human waste used to heat homes http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11433162

Biomass Energy Centre (2008-2011) Pyrolysis. http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?_pageid=75,17506&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL Braungart, M + McDonough, W (2009) Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way we make things. London: Vintage Campbell, C and Ogden, M (1999) Constructed Wetlands in the Sustainable Landscape. Canada: Wiley

Crops 2 Industry (no date) http://www.crops2industry.eu/Project.htm Culburb (2012) http://www.culburb.eu/acupunctures/platform-ursus/

District Forum Boards. http://www.ursus.warszawa.pl/forum/index.php?sid=6ae16869dc9665ec5f7995fd3ff49b8b

Dzielnica Ursus M.ST. Warszawy (2012) Ursus District Office. http://www.ursus.warszawa.pl/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci Dzielnica Ursus (2012) Ursus NGOs. http://www.ursus.warszawa.pl/informator.php?dzial=organizacje

EEA (2010) Poland: Freshwater. http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/countries/pl/soertopic_view?topic=freshwater

Entrepreneur (2012) Creating Shops from Shipping Containers. http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/224148 EPA (2012) Remediation / Clean up Technologies. http://www.epa.gov/oust/cat/REMEDIAL.HTM

ERDF (2012) Regional Development Programmes 2007-2013: Polska, http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/country/prordn/search.cfm?gv_pay=PL&gv_reg=1511&gv_ obj=ALL&gv_the=ALL&LAN=EN&gv_per=2

eUrsus (2012) eUrsus Public Portal. http://eursus.pl/

Funbec (2012) http://www.funbec.eu/nowydizajn.php#nowydizajn5587

Fundacja Wsparcia Rzedsiębiorców Naukowców Artystów (2012) FWPNA. http://www.fwpna.pl Goodlooking (no date) Fryderykwarszawie. http://www.fryderykwwarszawie.pl/

Greenlight Energy Solutions (2008-2012) Pyrolysis. http://www.glescorp.com/en/energy_dep/what_pyrolysis.html

Guardian (2010) Human Waste turned into Renewable Gas to power homes. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/oct/05/human-waste-turned-renewable-gas IOS-PIB (no date) Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute. http://www.ios.edu.pl/eng/welcome.html Industrius (2012) Industrius. http://industrius.wordpress.com

INFMP (2010) Institute for Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants. http://iwnirz.pl/index.html

URS.U.S. > References Katowice Street Art Festival (2012) Katowice Street Art Festival. http://katowicestreetartfestival.pl/ Lefebvre, H (1991) The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell.

Meanwhile (no date) Meanwhile Project. http://www.meanwhile.org.uk

Ministry of Culture & National Heritage (2012) http://www.mkidn.gov.pl/

Ministery of Environment (2012) EEA Grants. http://www.mos.gov.pl/kategoria/200_wsparcie_z_eog_i_norwegii/ MOS (2010) Poland: The National Waste Management Plan. http://www.mos.gov.pl/g2/big/2009_06/

Ministry of Regional Development (2012) EU Structural Funds Poland. http://www.funduszestrukturalne.gov.pl/English/ MPWIK (2012) MPWIK. http://www.mpwik.com.pl/

MPWIK (2012) Thermal Utilisation of Sludge. http://www.mpwik.com.pl/fundusze-unijne/oczyszczalnia-sciekow-czajka/utylizacja-osadow-sciekowych OECD (2012) Poland and the OECD. http://www.oecd.org/poland/polandandtheoecd.htm OK Arsus (no date) Osrodek Kultury Arsus http://www.arsus.pl/ PARP (2012) PARP. http://www.parp.gov.pl/index/main/

Przedsiębiorcze Mazowsze (no date) Przedsiębiorcze Mazowsze. http://www.przedsiebiorczemazowsze.vizja.pl/pl/o-projekcie/tag/harmonogram piXXE (2012) Projects Involving Experimental Exploration of the Environment. http://pixxe.org/?page_id=2 See no Evil (2012) See No Evil. http://www.seenoevilbristol.co.uk

SGS (2012) Biofuel Research. http://www.sgs.pl/pl-PL/Trade/Commodity-Trading/Oil-Gas-and-Chemicals/Laboratory-Services/Biofuel-Testing.aspx Siskom (2012) Mapa Warsaw. http://www.mapa.siskom.waw.pl e97e2a07ce29b48c19f462f83a6bf1a9.pdf

Social Ecologies (2011) Social Ecologies. http://socialecologies.net/

Spatial Agency (2012) Database. http://www.spatialagency.net/about/

Stowarzyszenie Ekologiczny Ursus (no date) Ecological Association Ursus http://www.ekologicznyursus.republika.pl/ciekawe_linki.html Stowarzyszenie SKORO (2012) Since Association. https://www.facebook.com/skoroursus

Swiss Grant (2012) Swiss Contribution. http://www.swissgrant.pl/en/swiss-block-grant/news Tangient LLC (2012) Bioremediation 123. http://bioremediation123.wikispaces.com/home Templace (no date) Templace, http://www.templace.com

Town of Cobalt (no date) Cobalt Constructed Wetlands. http://www.cobalt.ca/index.php/cobalt-constructed-wetland

URS.U.S. > References TVN Sarszawa (2011) Ursus, Pruszk贸w i okolice: woda zn贸w w kranach. http://tvnwarszawa.tvn24.pl/informacje,news,ursus-pruszkow-i-okolice-woda-znow-wkranach,33205.html

UMP-pcPL+SRTM (2012) Map of Oligocene Wells. http://mapa.ump.waw.pl/ump-www/index_en.html Waldheim, C (ed) (2006) The Landscape Urbanism Reader. Princeton: Architectural Press

Warsaw University of Technology (2012) Research Centres. http://www.pw.edu.pl/pw/Badania-i-nauka/Centra-Badawcze Wikipedia (2012) Phytoremediation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoremediation

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