“Let every man, every corporation, and especially let every village, town, and city, every county and State, get out of debt and keep out of debt. It is the debtor that is ruined by hard times.” – President Rutherford B. Hayes
• Construction of Cologne Cathedral completed (began in 1248) • Koln cathedral completed, 633 years after it begun • Henry Stanley and Pierre de Brazza quarrel about possession of Congo • 5,000 armed Boers gather in Paardekraal South Africa • Republic of South Africa forms Battle at Bronker’s Spruit,
World events
• Building of Panama Canal, begins • Salvation Army of England sets up U.S. welfare and religious activity • Amateur Athletic Association, governing body for men’s athletics in England and Wales, is founded in Oxford, England • Battle of Maiwand, at which Dr. Watson is wounded, breaks out American Canoe Association founded at Lake George, New York
Curly Bear, Blackfoot
U.S. news
• Record snow cover in Seattle, 120 cm. 6’ (1.8 meters) of snow falls in Seattle in 5 days • 1st U.S. sewage disposal system separate from storm drains in Memphis • Thomas Edison patents electric incandescent lamp • New York Daily Graphic publishes 1st half-tone engraving, by S. H. Horgan • General Wolseley opens new legislative council in Pretoria
Feather In The Ear, Dakota
Rutherford Birchard Hayes was the 19th President of the United States. As president, he oversaw the end of Reconstruction and the United States’ entry into the Second Industrial Revolution. Hayes was a reformer who began the efforts that led to civil service reform and attempted, unsuccessfully, to reconcile the divisions that had led to the American Civil War 15 years earlier. Born in Delaware, Ohio, Hayes practiced law in Lower Sandusky and was city solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861. When the Civil War began, Hayes left a successful political career to join the Union Army. Wounded five times, most seriously at the Battle of South Mountain, he earned a reputation for bravery in combat and was promoted to the rank of major general. After the war, he served in the U.S. Congress from 1865 to 1867 as a Republican. Hayes left Congress to run for Governor of Ohio and was elected to two consecutive terms, serving from 1868 to 1872. After his second term had ended, he resumed the practice of law for a time, but returned to politics in 1876 to serve a third term as governor. • Flour rolling mill patented (John Stevens of Wisconsin) • Tobacco Growers’ Mutual Insurance Company incorporates in Connecticut • 1st town completely illuminated by electric lighting (Wabash, Indiana) • General Wolseley opens new legislative council in Pretoria • 6th Kentucky Derby: George Lewis aboard Fonso wins in 2:37 • League of American Wheelmen (1st U.S. bicycle association),
forms in Newport, Rhode Island • 1st pay telephone installed • U.S. census at 50,155,783 • Charlie Jones becomes 1st to hit 2 home runs in 1 inning • 1st baseball perfect game, John Richmond of Worcester beats Cleveland • John Lee Richmond pitches 1st major league perfect game, Worcester 1, Cleveland’s Forest City 0
Appaloosa, favorite horse of the Native American Indians
Weekly Wages
• San Francisco Public Library starts lending books • 1st commercial hydroelectric power planet begins, Grand Rapids, Michigan • John Philip Sousa becomes new director of U.S. Marine Corps Band • University of California founded in Los Angeles • Theodore Roosevelt marries Alice Hathaway Lee, on his 22nd birthday • James A. Garfield (R) elected president • 1st cash register patented by James and John Ritty of Dayton, Ohio • Southern University forms • NY’s Broadway lit by electricity, becomes known as “Great White Way”
Blacksmith
15.54
Carpenter
16.56
Machinist
13.62
Laborers
18.10
COST OF LIVING
• • • • • • • • • •
6 lbs. flour ....................... 15¢ Round steak 1 lb. ........... 12¢ Pork chops 1 lb. ............. 11¢ Bacon 1 lb. ..................... 13¢ Butter 1 lb. ...................... 26¢ Dozen eggs .................... 21¢ Milk 1/2 gal. .................... 14¢ Potatoes 10 lb. ............... 16¢ Sugar 5 lb. ...................... 35¢ 6 bread rolls ....................... 5¢
Fire Lightning, Oglalla
Eagle Dog, Dakota
“One does not sell the earth upon which the people walk.” – Crazy Horse 16 January 15, 2015 THE MILITARY PRESS
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January 15, 2015 THE MILITARY PRESS 17