Rural Electric Nebraskan by Nebraska Rural Electric Association

September 2012

Keeping the Lights On

Volume 66, Number 9, September 2012

“The Rural Voice of Nebraska”

Staff Editor Wayne Price Editorial Assistant Kathy Barkmeier

Contents Features

The Speed of Light(ing)

Published by the

Visit us at www.nrea.org General Manager Jay Holmquist President Gary Dill, Roosevelt Public Power District Vice President/Secretary Randy Papenhausen, Cedar-Knox Public Power District

Public power districts and electric cooperatives are working to see if emerging lighting options can curb rising costs. In the race to fill the nation’s growing need for efficient lighting comes a new breed of illuminators, led by light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

Keeping the Lights On Pat Pope, President and CEO of Nebraska Public Power District, explains how Nebraska puts the electric grid to work to bring reliable, affordable electricity to your home, farm or ranch.

Treasurer Ron Jensen, Loup Valleys Rural Public Power District Published monthly by the Nebraska Rural Electric Association, 1244 K Street, Box 82048, Lincoln, Nebraska 68501, (402) 475-4988.

Advertising in the Rural Electric Nebraskan does not imply endorsement for products by the Nebraska Rural Electric Association. Correspondence should be sent to Wayne Price, Editor, Rural Electric Nebraskan, Box 82048, Lincoln, NE 68501. The Rural Electric Nebraskan is printed by Jacob North Companies, Box 82046, Lincoln, NE 68501. Form 3579 should be sent to the Rural Electric Nebraskan, Box 82048, Lincoln, NE 68501. Periodicals postage paid at Lincoln, Neb. POSTMASTER: send address changes to the Rural Electric Nebraskan, 1244 K Street, Box 82048, Lincoln, NE 68501. Publication numbers are USPS 071-630 and ISSN 0193-4937. Rates: $10 for one year; $15 for two years; $20 for three years, plus local and state tax.

September 2012

Departments EDITOR’S PAGE

SAFETY BRIEFS — Murphy

CUT YOUR UTILITY BILLS by James Dulley

RECIPES

ADULT PEN PALS

MARKETPLACE/CLASSIFIEDS

On the cover Nebraska Public Power District’s high-voltage system connects 91 out of 93 counties in its chartered service territory. See the releated story on page 12. Photograph provided by NPPD.

EDITOR’S PAGE

The rising cost of lighting our homes ow that I have replaced just about all attractive” to consumers. The target retail the incandescent light bulbs in my price, which included rebates from electric house with the energy efficient comutilities, was around $22 in the first year, pact fluorescent kind, I’m learning that there $15 in the second, and $8 in the third. is something even better available -- the Unfortunately, even with a $10 in-store light-emitting diode (LED) lamp. But like rebate offered at some retailers, the price is every other form of new technology, it comes likely to scare off most people out shopping with a price. for light bulbs. Especially when some places And let’s face it, the amount I have to like Home Depot and Menards already sell spend for each of these new bulbs will have a other 60-watt equivalent LEDs for under major factor in my decision of replacing the $25. CFLs I have now or from buying something We’ve been spoiled for all these years on different when they burn out. Judging from cheap incandescent bulbs, getting four 75what I’ve seen and heard so far, price might watt bulbs for about $1.75. But I’m afraid be the one area where LED those cheap deals are comtechnology could use the ing to an end. most work. As a result of the federYou might have heard al Energy Independence about the U.S. Department and Security Act of 2007, of Energy’s $10 million Llight bulbs sold in the Prize. The contest was creUnited States must be 28 ated to help motivate lightpercent more efficient than ing manufacturers to come regular incandescent bulbs up with a 60-watt light (which use 90 percent of bulb that would bridge the their energy producing gap as traditional incanheat) starting in 2012, and descent bulbs transition by 2020 they must be 70 out of the market during percent more efficient. As a the next few years. While competing for the L-Prize, result, time-tested 100You might have even LEDs endured 18 months of test- watt incandescent bulbs seen the winning design ing under strenuous circum- will disappear from store from Philips. It has a yel- stances. Photograph provided by shelves this year, with 75low bulb that looks like it is U.S. Department of Energy watt, 60-watt, and 40-watt split into three sections. versions following by 2014. The Philips bulb did everything the DOE Light bulbs are now available in more asked for in terms of efficiency, output, light varieties including CFLs, LEDs or new haloquality and longevity. It emits 910 lumens of gen incandescent models that meet the new light, more than a normal 60-watt incandesfederal standards. CFLs and LEDs both are cent, but consumes less than 10 watts, an 83 about 75 percent more efficient than tradipercent savings in energy. It even features tional incandescents. CFLs also last about 10 the “warm-white” look most people prefer, times longer than standard incandescent along with omnidirectional light distribubulbs, while LEDs last about 25 times tion. The bulb is projected to last more than longer. Redesigned incandescents claim 25,000 hours, while a traditional incandesenergy savings of 25 percent and a lifespan cent lasts about 1,000 hours. up to three times longer than their soon-toHowever, since the bulb has been put on be-extinct predecessors. store shelves in April, it hasn’t “taken off” So for now I will continue to keep an eye on like experts expected. Part of the reason the developments in the world of light bulbs might be the bulb’s $50 price tag. Rules of and hope that the more efficient, longer lasting LEDs will start to come down in price the L-Prize contest strongly encourages parsoon as I enjoy the energy savings from all ticipants to create a product that would be my CFLs. available at a price both “cost effective and

by Wayne Price

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Getting a higher education in dorm room safety our child’s first year away at college is always an exciting time. Living in a dorm room, being away on their own, and of course keeping up with the whirl of studies all adds up to a pretty heady experience for your 18-year-old. Odds are that the last thing on their mind will be following electrical safety precautions in their dorm room. That could be a dangerous oversight. Underwriters Laboratories reports approxiDon’t overload a power strip in the dorm room. mately 1,800 fires a year take Photograph provided by Underwriters place in dormitories and fraterLabratories nity and sorority housing. And staff. In general, try to use common those statistics don’t include off camsense and run as few appliances into pus housing where around 2/3 of stuone outlet as possible. dents reside. • Extension Cords: Like outlets, While they’re home for a long extension cords can easily become weekend, take the time to alert your overloaded. To check that the conchild to the potential dangers in their nected appliances don’t exceed a dorm room. If you’re driving them cord’s rated wattage, add together the back to school afterwards, use this wattage of the appliances (usually list to check for dorm room trouble displayed somewhere on the applispots: ance itself) plugged into the cord and • Cooking Equipment: Almost 41 percent of dorm room fires are caused while cooking, and most of those are due to lack of attention, according to the National Fire Protection Association. Never let anything cook unattended, and always keep hotplates, toasters, microwave ovens, and coffeemakers at a safe distance from flammable materials like bedding, drapes, clothing or paper. It’s a good idea to switch off appliances, or better yet, unplug them when not in use. And remember to check your college’s guidelines on approved equipment for dorm rooms. • Overloaded Circuits: Older dorm rooms weren’t built to supply the power needs of today’s microwaves, laptops, refrigerators, stereos, and other appliances. The result is often overloaded circuits. Test them by touching a plug or outlet to see if it’s hot; if so, unplug it immediately and get help from the campus housing

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compare it to the cord’s rated wattage. If the rating of the appliance is given in amps instead of watts, simply multiply the amps by 125 (as in 125 volts) to calculate the correct wattage. If a cord feels hot to the touch, immediately unplug the appliances and replace the cord. Make sure all extension cords (or anything you plug into the wall) display a UL label, which shows they meet tested and approved standards. Never run extension cords under carpets or doors, where they can ignite and cause a fire, and never connect more than one extension cord together. • Power Strips: These are a necessity in most outlet-deficient dorm rooms, but don’t overload them with too many appliances. Look for one with an over-current protector, which automatically shuts off the strip if too much power is being drawn. Surge protectors guard against power surges and spikes that can damage sensitive electronics like computers and laptops. Be sure these devices are being used.

The Speed of

Light(ing) Blazing a trail for efficient lighting technology by Megan McKoy-Noe

fter maintaining a steady pace for a century, lighting technology has begun to leap forward, fueled by tightening energy efficiency standards and hefty incentives for manufacturers. And despite a bit of price shock on some lighting products, Nebraskans — especially large commercial and industrial accounts — are working with their local, not-for-profit, consumer-owned power providers to see if emerging lighting options can curb rising costs.

Shifting standards Congress first enacted improved energy efficiency standards for incandescent bulbs under the federal Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. But when new lightbulb rules began to take effect in 2012, they were met with confusion. Under the law, by 2014, lightbulbs using between 40-W to 100-W must consume at least 28 percent less energy than traditional incandescents, which will save Americans an estimated $6 billion to $10 billion in lighting costs annually. The measure also mandates that lightbulbs become 70 percent more efficient by 2020. In June of this year, the U.S. House passed an amendment to stop enforcement of these standards, mirroring a funding freeze for

enforcement efforts adopted in late 2011. Yet even if the provision becomes law, very little will change. Congress has not repealed or adjusted existing lightbulb efficiency standards or changed the timeline for implementation. Major lighting manufacturers like General

Electric, Philips, and Osram Sylvania continue working to comply with the 2007 law. As the next wave of standards kicks in, traditional 75-W incandescent lightbulbs will no longer be available as of January 1, 2013, and 40-W and 60-W versions will no longer be available as of January 1, 2014. In the race to fill the nation’s growing need for efficient lighting comes a new breed of illuminators, led by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). ‘Solid’ lighting Incandescent bulbs create light using a thin wire (filament) inside a glass bulb — a delicate connection that can easily be broken, as frustrated homeowners can attest. In contrast, LEDs are at the forefront of solid-state lighting — small, packed electronic chip devices. Two conductive materials are placed together on a chip (a diode). Electricity passes through the diode, releasing energy in the form of light. Invented in 1960 by General Electric, the first LEDs were red —

The T-Bar M Dairy Ranch, outside of Durant, Okla., normally uses 250-W metal halide lights in its barns. CRN exchanged those bulbs in 10 fixtures with 120-W LEDs. After six months, the dairy had cut energy use by 55 percent and boosted brightness by 30 percent. Photograph provided by Cooperative Research Network

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the color depends on materials placed on the diode. Yellow, green, and orange LEDs were created in the 1970s and the recipe for the color blue — the foundation for white LEDs — was unlocked in the mid-1990s. Originally used in remote controls, exit signs, digital watches, alarm clocks, and car signal lights, LEDs quickly gained momentum for large-scale lighting. By 2030, the U.S. Department of Energy estimates solid-state lighting technologies could reduce the amount of electricity used for lighting (currently 13.6 percent of the nation’s total) by half, saving up to $30 billion a year in energy costs. Farming LEDs Public power districts and electric cooperatives are supporting LED study through the Cooperative Research Network (CRN), an arm of the Arlington, Va.-based National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. Recently, CRN worked with Western Farmers Electric Cooperative, a generation and transmission cooperative based in Anadarko, Okla., and the Oklahoma

September 2012

State University Animal Science Department to evaluate LEDs at a farrowing operation and a dairy farm in the Sooner State. The project measured the effectiveness of LEDs in harsh environments and looked for any influence on animal behavior. T-Bar M Dairy Ranch, outside of

At the T-Bar M Dairy Ranch, outside of Durant, Okla., workers installed LEKTRON Corona II 120-W LED fixtures to replace 250-W metal halide lights. Photograph provided by Western Farmers Electric Cooperative

Durant, Okla., normally uses 250-W metal halide lights in its barns. CRN exchanged those bulbs in 10 fixtures with 120-W LEDs. After six months, the dairy had cut energy use by 55 percent and boosted brightness by 30 percent. “Utility costs go up every year — that’s reality,” explains Tami Tollenaar, who manages the dairy. “To move forward in your business, you have to look for ways to be more efficient. LEDs are one of the things we can do to help us move forward.” CRN also worked with Robinson Family Farms, a 380,000-head hog operation in Holdenville, Okla. The farm already used compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) but had problems because those bulbs didn’t work well in harsh conditions. “Lighting for a swine facility is pretty important,” explains owner Rich Robinson. “We try to convince the sows it’s spring year-round to improve their eating habits.” CRN switched 25 fixtures from 26W CFLs to 15-W LEDs. After six months, Robinson slashed his energy Please turn to page 8

The Speed of Light(ing) From page 7 use by 54 percent. “I was worried because normally when you see an LED it doesn’t seem to put out as much light as a 150watt incandescent bulb — it’s a different type of light,” Robinson admits. “But, after installing the lights, I was surprised at how well they lit up the area. I think the LEDs actually outperformed the CFLs.” “The initial cost of LEDs is significantly higher than conventional lighting,” notes Scott Williams, Western Farmers Electric commercial & industrial marketing manager. “Like all modern technology, you can expect the price to come down as the product develops. However, when you consider all the factors over the life cycle of a light, LEDs have already proved they save money.” Shedding Light on LEDs Curious to know if LEDs are right for you? Homeowners can visit

Western Farmers Electric marketing managers Scott Williams (left) and Kalun Kelley are shown with a Lektron LED light fixture similar to those installed for the T Bar M Ranch dairy project. Photograph provided by Western Farmers Electric Cooperative www.energysavers.gov/lighting to compare LEDs to new energy-efficient incandescent bulbs and CFLs. The Touchstone Energy®

Cooperatives free app, “Save Energy, Save Money” for iPhone, iPad, and Android devices, includes a lighting calculator showing the potential savings from replacing incandescent lamps with either CFLs or LEDs; learn more at www.togetherwesave.com/EnergySaving-App-Smartphones. For more in-depth information about LEDs and other types of solid-state lighting, visit www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl. Sources: U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Research Network, Philips, Energy Star, U.S. Energy Information Administration Megan McKoy-Noe writes on consumer and cooperative affairs for the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, the Arlington, Va.based service organization for the nation’s 900-plus consumerowned, not-for-profit public power districts and electric cooperatives. Rob Holt contributed to this article.

‘China Syndrome’ gives T-8s new lease on life uly 14 came and went without the death knell ringing for 700 series T-8 fluorescent lamps. That’s because the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has postponed by two years — to July 14, 2014 — the phaseout of the ubiquitous glass tubes commonly used in basements, garages, and commercial buildings. DOE responded to three separate requests — by lighting giants GE, Osram Sylvania, and Philips — for an exception from the ban on manufacturing or importing the items. As a result, retailers can continue to sell 1in. thick, 700 series T-8 general-service fluorescent lamps. Gaining a reprieve are 4-ft. medium bi-pin, 2-ft. U-shaped, 8-ft. Slimline, and 8-ft. high-output models produced by the three companies, according to the National Lighting Bureau (NLB), a

trade group based in Silver Spring, Maryland “The basis for the exceptions was the growing scarcity and escalating costs of the rare-earth oxides used to manufacture the phosphors [coatings in fluorescent lightbulbs that make them luminescent] intrinsic to proper functioning of fluorescent lamps,” NLB Executive Director John P. Bachner explains. “That problem was not foreseen when DOE ordered the phaseout, for energy efficiency reasons, in 2009.” If the T-8 phaseout had taken place last month as planned, 800 series T-8s would have been a logical replacement. But because of their significantly higher content of rare earths, these lamps are much more expensive than 700 series T-8s. While world demand for rare

earths could hit 180,000 tons this year, global supplies are pegged at less than 160,000 tons. China — which controls approximately 97 percent of the world’s supply of rareearth elements and rare-earth oxides — has set its export quota at 30,000 tons. “The impact on cost is stunning,” Bachner adds. “The price of some rare-earth oxides has increased 4,500 percent in the past 10 years, and in many cases most of the rise has occurred over the past three years alone. The price of terbium, for example, shot up 400 percent in 2011, while the price on Europium spiked more than 500 percent.” NLB Chairman Howard Lewis applauds DOE for protecting “affordability when it’s needed.” Source: RE Magazine

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DOE urges shift on water heaters he Department of Energy should act quickly so that large-volume electric resistance water heaters can continue providing cost-effective demand response functions, NRECA and other industry stakeholders recommended. They called on DOE to create a new product class of grid-interactive electric water heaters and a new energy efficiency standard. NRECA was joined by the American Public Power Association, Edison Electric Institute, PJM Interconnection and Steffes Corp., an equipment manufacturer, in the July 13 filing. The comments came in response to the department’s request for information on the impact of its amended energy conservation standards for residential electric water heaters on utility demand response and energy storage programs. According to the joint comments, the amended standards’ threat arises from the requirement that electric water heaters with storage capacities above 55 gallons have a 200 percent efficiency factor — which can only be met with heat pump water heaters — by April 2015. Unless the department acts, this requirement will have serious adverse consequences on large capacity, grid-enabled electric resistance water heaters, the comments cautioned. These water heaters can interact with the grid on several fronts, including utility demand response programs, regional grid operators’ frequency response programs, and energy storage programs that integrate renewables in response to grid conditions. Meanwhile, the heat pump water heater, the technology required by the amended standards, is “a poor fit for providing the grid interactive services” available from large-capacity grid-enabled electric resistance water heaters. Should the amended standards go

September 2012

into effect as now constituted, the comments cautioned, “Existing demand response programs involving millions of dollars of value to American consumers … will begin to decline and eventually disappear.” According to Jay Morrison, NRECA vice president, regulatory issues, more than two dozen members filed separate comments, along with some investor-owned utilities and equipment manufacturers. “We’ll collect and review the filings, but it appears there is overwhelming support for relief,” he indicated. The submittal of comments is only the first step in the process, Morrison noted. “To get relief, we’d need a rulemaking, which will be a long and slow process,” he added. “But, I’m hopeful here.” Source: Electric Co-op Today

Photograph provided by Rheem Manufacturing Company

If using drought-damaged corn for forage, make decision carefully rought, along with hail, wind, heat and other factors, has left some corn yields extremely low across the state. However, damaged corn often can be fed to livestock for forage. Silage, green chop hay and grazing all can work to help capture the corn crop’s forage value for livestock, said Bruce Anderson, extension forage specialist in the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of NebraskaLincoln. However, harvest costs can be high, especially when yield per acre is low, so it's important to carefully evaluate the economics of any salvage operation, he said. Anderson and UNL Extension educator Tom Dorn recommend taking these preliminary considerations into account: • If grain prices remain high, grain yield may not need to be very high to justify selecting grain harvest over forage harvest. • Sometimes leaving the corn residue can result in increased yield next year and that increase may provide more value than that resulting from forage use.

• Check labels of all chemicals applied to be sure they are cleared for forage use and that the minimum harvest interval has been met. • Check with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Farm Service Agency and your crop insurer to maintain compliance with farm programs and crop insurance requirements.

of harvest as fermentation usually (but not always) reduces nitrate levels and risk, Anderson said. While green chop minimizes waste, it may also be the most dangerous way to salvage corn. If present, nitrates will start to change into nitrites (about 10 times as deadly) as green chop begins to heat. Hay may be the most difficult method of mechanical harvest, especially if ears have started to form – the stalk and especially the ears will be slow and difficult to dry. Challenges with grazing include acidosis risk for cattle not accustomed to grain if ears have started to fill (smart cows will selectively graze ears), waste from excessive trampling, availability of drinking water, perimeter fencing and nitrates. Windrow grazing includes cutting as you would for hay and then grazing the windrows rather than baling them. It eliminates the cost of baling, transporting bales or feeding bales. It also eliminates any flexibility in feeding location and may reduce opportunities to sell the corn forage.

For more detailed information about harvest methods, consult CropWatch, UNL Extension's crops production newsletter at http://cropwatch.unl.edu/.

• Nitrate concentrations can reach toxic levels in weather-damaged corn. The harvest method can affect the nitrate, a particular concern when it's being fed to livestock. Leaving a tall stubble (8 or more inches) will reduce nitrate risk but not eliminate it. It’s important to analyze each harvest method accordingly – making silage, green chop, hay, grazing or windrow grazing, Dorn said. When it comes to harvest methods, silage may be the safest method

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Change air filter to save money and energy ere’s a tip that can help your cooling and heating system operate more efficiently — and save you money. Change your air filter regularly. It only takes a couple of minutes to change the air filter in your heating/cooling system. It’s simple and easy. Changing your filter every month can save you $82 a year. But that’s not all you can save. A dirty air filter makes your system work harder to keep you cool, which wastes energy. Changing your air filter regularly helps to ensure efficient operation and keep your electricity bill in check. What’s more, a dirty air filter allows dust and dirt to build up in your system. Changing your air filter regularly can reduce the need for costly maintenance and prevent damage to your system.

FARM SSAFETY FARM AFETY IS AL ALWAYS LLW WAYS IN SE SEASON ASON KǀĞƌŚĞĂĚ ƉŽǁĞƌ ůŝŶĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĨĂƌŵ Žƌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĮĞůĚ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ĨĂŝůƵƌĞ ƚŽ ŶŽƟĐĞ ƚŚĞŵ ĐĂŶ ďĞ Ă ĚĞĂĚůǇ ŽǀĞƌƐŝŐŚƚ͘ >ŽŽŬ ƵƉ ĂŶĚ ůŽŽŬ ŽƵƚ ĨŽƌ ŽǀĞƌŚĞĂĚ ƉŽǁĞƌ ůŝŶĞƐ ǁŚĞŶĞǀĞƌ ǇŽƵ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ ĂƵŐĞƌƐ͕ ŵŽǀĞ ŝƌƌŝŐĂƟŽŶ ƉŝƉĞ Žƌ ĂŶǇ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĨĂƌŵ ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ͘

Scan to learn more about electrical safety ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĨĂƌŵ͘ nppd.com

September 2012

877-275-6773 (ASK-NPPD)

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Keeping the Lights On By Pat Pope, President & CEO of Nebraska Public Power District he high-voltage power lines crisscrossing the Cornhusker state and running parallel to many of its concrete, tar, and gravel byways are a complex configuration of electrical connections. As a whole, the grid receives very little attention, until the lights go out. Then, its importance to our livelihoods stands center stage. We, at the Nebraska Public Power District, actually want you to take the grid for granted because that means you are receiving reliable service. Connected to NPPDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s high-voltage system are thousands of miles of distribution lines that carry electricity to your home or farm. While responsible for the high-voltage system connecting 91 out of 93 counties in its chartered service territory, NPPD also operates and maintains distribution lines in 80 communities, such as Norfolk and Scottsbluff. Other public power utilities in the state, like yours, manage the rest of the infrastructure supporting Nebraskaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s communities and counties. We work together, as an industry, to keep your lights on.

When to build Each year, NPPD collects information from its utility partners to determine how much electricity they think their customers will need in the future. Because we are not-forprofit, we will not build power lines and increase rates unnecessarily. Community expansions or load growth from businesses, irrigation, and increased appliance use dictate where and when we will build, and

NPPD invests millions of dollars each year to refurbish, rebuild, or construct power lines and related equipment, such as substations, to meet customer needs. For instance, NPPD is currently constructing 17 miles of distribution lines in the South Sioux City area to support its commercial and industrial load growth. We are also building 53 miles of high-voltage transmission line in the Axtell area to relieve constraints on other power lines in the area that help deliver the electricity produced at Gerald

Gentleman Station (GGS), our largest and lowest cost, generation resource. Meanwhile, NPPD is in the early stages of planning for the construction of two line segments that will enhance reliability, reduce bottlenecks, and enable further wind development in the state. While we have not determined an exact route for the lines, we know the first segment will run about 220 miles north of GGS into Cherry County and then east to Holt County. A second, approximate 40-mile line will run

NPPD operates and maintains more than 5,000 miles of transmission lines that carry electricity from one side of the state to another. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s about the same distance between Los Angeles and London. Photograph provided by NPPD

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from a substation near Norfolk to a new substation at Neligh, reinforcing power delivery between the west and east sides of the state. Nebraska’s electrical grid ultimately interconnects with eight other transmission grids throughout the United States. This project is part of a 10-year plan to improve transmission reliability in Nebraska and the Midwest. Construction costs will be shared with other utilities that benefit from having a stronger regional grid. NPPD expects the project will take several years to complete and will begin holding open houses this fall to gather public input about possible routes. Challenges and benefits Mother Nature can wreak havoc on a transmission system. She may look like an ice storm, spring tornado, or this year’s high temperatures and drought. In the case of storms, when one line is impacted, NPPD seeks multiple routes to restore service to a community or rural area until the affected line is repaired. This summer’s challenges, however, were different. Historical and unrelenting weather put an extraordinary demand for electricity on our system. Customers ran air conditioners, businesses operated in intense heat, and farmers needed to pump additional water to irrigate crops due to a lack of rainfall. Some transmission facilities, whether due to age, equipment issues, or location within a high-demand area were more vulnerable to overloading. There were several days when we came close to reaching the limits of our transmission system in the north central part of the state. To address the situation, NPPD worked closely with customers to identify solutions that maintained overall reliability. Farmers and the agricultural community took steps to change their watering schedules, and customers across the state made choices to reduce energy usage during peak times. This partnership proved invaluable in helping to maintain system integrity and minimize the challenging load.

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We will continue working with our utility partners to determine how much electricity customers need next year and the years after; and we will make what infrastructure or process improvements are necessary to improve system reliability. Meanwhile, all customers are encouraged to continue practicing energy conservation to reduce not only their electric bill, but lessen demand on the system and potentially delay the need for building additional power plants in the

future. The benefits of Nebraska’s transmission system are obvious, yet transparent to the naked eye. Ensuring you have the electricity you need whenever you want to turn on a light or appliance is our responsibility, and we are proud to work with your utility to make sure it is there. That’s why NPPD’s motto is, “Always there when you need us,” and it is our goal to deliver on that assurance each, and every, day.

Geothermal systems use underground coils filled with water or a special solution that work with a heat pump unit to heat and cool a home or business. Photograph provided by DeltaMontrose Electric Association

Picking the right heat pump for your needs by Brian Sloboda

ecause heat pumps are the most efficient electric heating and cooling technology, they are an excellent choice if your home needs a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) upgrade. While electric resistance heaters are about 100 percent efficient — meaning all the electricity that goes into it is used to generate heat — heat pumps can claim efficiency of 200 percent to 400 percent. But the proper heat pump for your home depends on a variety of factors. Following are some tips when considering air-source and groundsource heat pumps.

Air-Source There are two main types of airsource heat pumps: ducted and ductless. Both provide heating and cooling, and they can also create hot water. In cooling mode, these appliances

function similar to an air conditioner by moving heat from inside to outside your dwelling. In heating mode, the refrigerant flow is reversed and delivers warm air indoors. When outdoor temperatures drop, the efficiency of air-source heat

Geothermal heat pumps are estimated to have an investment payback period of two to 10 years, so it’s a good idea to work with your local electric utility and a knowledgeable contractor to choose the unit that’s best for your home. Photograph provided by Hydron Module Geothermal Systems

pumps decrease. As a result, these devices are more commonly used in areas of the country that do not experience extremely cold weather for extended periods. A good rule of thumb for air-source heat pumps is that they are effective until the thermometer hits the 35 F to 42 F range. For residents in Nebraska, dual fuel setups — which combine an airsource heat pump with a natural gas-, propane-, or heating oil-fired furnace — are often employed. During fall and spring months, the heat pump warms the home. When a prolonged cold snap hits, the supplemental furnace takes over. Ducted systems have been the traditional air-source heat pump route, but ductless systems are picking up steam because they require an estimated 50 percent to 60 percent less electricity than electric resistance heating. In addition, air-source heat pumps that achieve Energy Star designation — meaning they meet or exceed federal energy efficiency standards — can be up to nine percent more efficient than standard air-

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source heat pumps. Ground-Source Ground-source heat pumps, also called geothermal heat pumps, use relatively stable underground temperatures to heat and cool a home, and even to supply hot water. They come in two types: A groundwater (open-loop) heat pump uses well water, while an earth-coupled (closedloop) model moves a water-andantifreeze solution through underground pipes to disperse heat. The choice depends on local conditions.

Ground-source heat pumps tend to be the most efficient heating and cooling technology available, but the up-front cost is significantly higher than air-source heat pumps. The final price tag depends on where you live and what kind of system you have. A typical residential consumer selecting a geothermal system will save 30 percent to 60 percent on an average heating and cooling bill, with a payback period varying from two to 10 years, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

How to choose Choosing a heating and cooling system for your home is a big decision with lots of variables. Be sure to call your local public power district or electric cooperative for advice on what type of unit will work best for your area, and ask if there are any incentives for installing a heat pump. Then, contact a reputable and knowledgeable HVAC contractor to discuss your options.

Improve heat pump efficiency eat pumps are potentially the most efficient type of electric heat. When they’re properly installed, heat pumps can deliver 1 1/2 to 3 times more heat energy to a home than the electric energy they consume. Unfortunately, the energy savings produced by the heat pump’s design are often lost to poor installation and neglected maintenance. All heat pumps include two different systems that produce heat. During moderately cool weather, your heat pump engages its first stage to heat your home. In this most-efficient mode, it works like an air conditioner in reverse, using a compressor to circulate refrigerant through the outdoor coil and gathering heat from the outdoor air. The refrigerant then carries heat to the indoor coil and releases it into the home. This first stage works well down to about 35 degrees. Below this temperature, heat pumps don’t work as effectively, and the second stage of heat is activated. This less-effective stage utilizes electric resistance coils to produce heat, but it is the only option during severe weather. Heat pump thermostats usually have a light that alerts you when resistance heat is on. The more your system depends on the resistance coils for heating, the higher your energy bill. Efficiency improvements can reduce your reliance on this second-stage electric resistance heat.

September 2012

For example, duct leakage is the most serious and common cause of high heat pump energy bills. Duct leaks allow your expensive conditioned air to leak to the outdoors. The most important duct air leaks are those nearest the heat pump’s indoor cabinet because the air pressure is greatest there and the temperature of the air is the highest. Sealing these duct leaks can save you a lot of energy and money. Incorrect refrigerant charge is another common performance problem. An incorrectly-charged system must work overtime to deliver heat to the home. A qualified technician can check this charge and add or remove refrigerant as needed. Inadequate airflow also lowers the performance of heat pumps, and under-sized ducts are the most common cause. Proper duct sizing solves this problem. Though many heating and air conditioning companies don’t include testing and adjustment of refrigerant and airflow during their service calls, you should ask to have these important procedures included. Your technician should test and seal duct leaks, check and adjust refrigerant charge, and test and improve airflow. All are worth the expense to be sure that your heat pump is operating at maximum efficiency. Source: John Krigger, Saturn Resource Management

Geothermal systems are usually the most efficient type of heat pump, with a higher upfront cost but lower energy bills. Photograph provided by GeoComfort Geothermal Systems

Fund Raising

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SAFETY BRIEFS

Be alert to avoid the dangers of lightning id you know lighting can strike even if it’s not raining? Lightning strikes kill 55 to 60 people every year, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). More than 400 people are hit by a bolt each year. Hundreds of people are permanently injured each year. People struck by lightning suffer from a variety of long-term, debilitating symptoms, including memory loss, attention deficits, sleep disorders, and chronic pain. There are about 25 million lightning flashes in the U.S. every year. Each of those 25 million flashes is a potential killer. Lightning continues to be one of the top three stormrelated killers in the United States. But if you prepare before an outdoor event and know how to protect yourself, you can keep your family safe from lightning. Follow these tips from NOAA: • Plan ahead. Just as you have an emergency plan for fires and weather events like tornadoes, form an action plan for lightning. Choose a safe shelter, and time how long it takes to get there.

Plan ahead to avoid being a victim of a lightning strike. Photograph by Megan McKoy-Noe • Check the weather. A simple forecast can tell you whether you should delay outdoor activities to avoid a dangerous situation. • Look to the sky. Dark skies, whipping winds, and lightning flashes are all signs that you should seek shelter. • Seek shelter. As soon as you

hear a rumble of thunder, head for a safe place — an enclosed structure, one with plumbing and wiring is best, or a car. Open-air shelters, sheds, and covered porches are often not safe places. Avoid tall trees that stand alone, towers, and poles, as well as metal fences and other conductors of electricity. And keep out of open areas, so that you’re not the tallest object in a field. • Wait it out. Leaving safe shelter too quickly makes you vulnerable to lightning strikes. Wait at least 30 minutes after the last rumble of thunder before you head back outdoors. • Avoid corded phones and appliances. If you’re indoors when a storm hits, do not use corded phones or appliances. Lightning can travel through your home’s wiring. Also, water is a great conductor of electricity, so don’t take a bath or shower. If someone near you has been struck by lightning, call 911 immediately. A certified person should begin CPR right away if necessary— the victim will not have an electric charge and is safe to touch. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Rural Electric Nebraskan

Act now to avoid getting â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;buggedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; this winter ow is the best time to prepare homes against invasion of overwintering insects and spiders, a University of Nebraska entomologist said. The pesky creatures could begin seeking refuge from cooler weather by mid-October. Their most sensitive target is the home, but offices, retail stores, warehouses and production facilities also are vulnerable, said James Kalisch, insect diagnostician in the university's Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources. "Usually the scenario is that because of the cooler temperatures, insects around doors and windows are drawn inside for shelter and warmth," Kalisch said. "By midNovember, most insects that are going to winter in the home already are there." Though no single pest is expected to be a threat this season, the typical group of invaders will continue their yearly pattern, Kalisch said. These include crickets, Oriental cockroaches, Asian lady beetles, face and cluster flies, boxelder bugs, ground beetles, spiders and other insects drawn to light at night. Be also on the alert for Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs, which are beginning to invade the Midwest from the East.

September 2012

Though these insects don't cause structural damage or pose a particular hazard to humans, they are a nuisance and may promote unsanitary conditions in the home, Kalisch said. Some, like Oriental cockroaches, reproduce continually and can grow into overwhelming numbers. In addition, boxelder bugs are hardy and therefore difficult to control. Asian lady beetles favor more forested areas, but are particularly attracted to homes with rough-cut cedar shingles, where they take shelter in the gaps between the shingles. To prevent insects and spiders from entering the home, Kalisch recommends using caulking to seal cracks and crevices in doors, windows, vents and openings for outside wires or cables. Residents also should keep screens in good repair, vegetation trimmed and structures' boundaries free from clutter. Insecticides sometimes are necessary around the perimeter of the home, Kalisch said. Granular treatment on the ground and in crevices, especially where the foundation meets the soil and in window wells, keeps away many potential invaders. Products containing bifenthrin, cypermethrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin and esfenvalerate are appropriate

and effective, he said. It is important to select an insecticide labeled for the pest or site, and to follow label directions. After application, residents should water down the area to activate the chemicals, Kalisch said. If a few insects do get inside, the less potent aerosol sprays are an effective control, Kalisch said. Sticky traps inside help pinpoint problem areas and monitor how much impact treatments have had. Spiders in the home often crawl around at night searching for insects. "If they find food, they set up camp for the winter," Kalisch said. Spiders also like to retreat into clothes or other articles left on the floor at night. Brown recluse spiders are the only poisonous spiders occasionally found in Nebraska homes. Bites from other spiders, while not poisonous, may cause redness, swelling and perhaps even nausea or a slight fever. Sometimes people unknowlingly invite insect infestations. When they bring outdoor plants inside for the winter, they often forget to inspect them and remove insects, Kalisch said. Source: University of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources

CUT YOUR UTILITY BILLS

Assessing Home Energy Use by James Dulley

I want to make my house more Q :energy efficient. I am not sure what improvements it needs, and I don’t want to invest in a professional energy audit. What do I need, and how can I do my own energy audit? : Most houses, unless they were

A built with energy efficiency in mind, can benefit from improvements. The older your house is, the more likely you can significantly reduce your utility bills. Compared to the return on most other forms of investments today, efficiency improvements to your home can provide a favorable financial return. First, check with your local public power district or electric cooperative to see if it has a low- or no-cost energy audit program. If your rural electric utility doesn’t offer a program, first do a quick, simple analysis to determine how energy efficient your house is by calculating all the energy your house uses throughout the entire year. Keep in mind, this does not take into account the number of people living in the household or other factors that can significantly affect your energy use. If someone has a small business in a home office as I do, you need to have computers, printers, and other electronics running the majority of the daytime, and unfortunately, most weekends. To determine how much energy your house consumes annually, check your utility bills or other receipts. The calculation will be based on total British thermal units (Btus) of energy used. A Btu is about the amount of heat given off by burning a wooden kitchen match. To convert various amounts of energy consumed into equivalent Btu’s, use the following conversion factors:

• 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity: 3,414 Btu • 1 cubic foot of natural gas: 1,025 Btu • 1 gallon of propane: 91,000 Btu • 1 gallon of fuel oil: 138,700 Btu • 1 cord of wood: 19 million Btu Once you have calculated the total annual Btu, divide this number by the annual sum of the cooling and heating degree days for your area — for the current year, not a historical average — which you can find via your local weather service. Finally, divide this number by the square footage of your house. The number for most houses falls between 10 to 20, which means a variety of energy efficiency improvements will be beneficial. Greater than 20 means your house is very inefficient, and almost any improvement will help a lot. A number lower than 10 means significant improvements will be difficult to achieve without serious investment. Every house is unique, but indoor air leakage typically accounts for 35 percent of annual energy consumption. Check the windows and doors for leaky gaps and joints. Also check for gaps where the walls rest on the top of the foundation, called the sill. Heat loss (or gain during summer) through the walls and ceiling

accounts for about 30 percent more. The remaining energy used is for other things like lighting, water heating, cooking, and electronics. Holding a lighted stick of incense near walls, windows, and doors and observing the smoke trail can identify leaky spots. Move the incense around the edge and any place there is weather stripping or a caulked joint. It’s best to test this on a windy day. Also check for leaks at ductwork seams. If you have an all-electric house, turn on all the vent fans to create negative pressure indoors and then do the incense test. Do not use this method if you have gas, oil, or any combustion appliances because backdrafting, in which depressurization will pull dangerous gases back into the home, can occur. If you want to check for specific hot and cold wall areas, indicating air leaks or lack of insulation, Black & Decker offers a Thermal Leak Detector, shown here, for about $40 online. It uses infrared technology, similar to professional models, to sense cold and warm on areas like walls and windows. The sensor beam turns red on hot spots and blue on cold spots. Check the accuracy of your central furnace/air conditioner thermostat by taping a bulb thermometer next to it on the wall. You may find the thermostat is inaccurate, and you’re actually keeping the house warmer or cooler than you think.

Send inquiries to James Dulley, Rural Electric Nebraskan, 6906 Royalgreen Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45244 or visit www.dulley.com.

Rural Electric Nebraskan

Tackle projects around the home safely o-it-yourself (DIY) offers a great way to save money and learn new skills. But before you tackle that home improvement project you saw online or on cable TV, practice these safety measures to avoid injury while getting gamewinning results.

Score points with safety equipment Just like a helmet and pads are required on a football field, safety items are essential for DIY tasks. Read and follow directions on every power tool you use. Wearing eye and ear protection and gloves, as well as tying back loose hair and securing loose clothing, are all important to keeping you safe. If renting a tool, ask the store for safety tips. Look up, down, and all around For outside projects, first check the area where you will be working. Identify potential hazards and take time to avoid or correct any problems. Don’t forget to look up for

Use power tools with care

power lines, and avoid using long poles or ladders within 10 ft. of overhead wires. Will your project involve any digging? Call 811 before you dig even if you think you know where underground lines may be. The 811 service will mark all underground lines in your area for free before you start work. Avoid the blitz Water and electricity don’t mix, so avoid running cords through wet areas. Inspect cords for fraying or damage before use, and be sure outlets can handle any extra load from power tools. Overloading outlets can lead to more than a shock: Fire hazards may result from demanding too much from an electrical system. Be honest with yourself If a job seems like it might be too much to handle, leave it to a professional. Take into consideration heavy lifting, expensive tools that will only be used once, and whether you really have the time. That way, you won’t be temped to skip safety

Read power tool instructions and adopt safety measures like using equipment guards, wearing eye and ear protection, and securing long hair and loose-fitting clothing. Photograph by Kelly Trapnell measures. For more safety advice around the home, visit www.safetyathome.com. Sources: Safe Electricity, Underwriters Laboratory

efore you fire up that power tool for your next do-it-yourself home project, remember that these electrical devices that must be treated with care. Even though many tools are equipped with safety mechanisms, it’s still important to heed precautions. Keep in mind these tips when using power tools: • Do not carry tools by their cords. • Pull the cord out of the outlet by the plug, not by pulling on the cord. • Do not use in a wet or damp job sites, unless the tool is specifically approved for those conditions. Store them in a dry place when not being used. • While carrying a tool, do not touch the switch or trigger that operates it to avoid accidental starts. Source: U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Administration

September 2012

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Fresh Salsa 4 small tomatoes, peeled & chopped 1/2 cup finely chopped onion 1 Jalapeno, chopped and seeded 1/4 cup chopped green pepper Mix: 2 teaspoon olive oil 1 teaspoon lime juice 1/2 teaspoon oregano 1/2 teaspoon salt Mix and pour over fresh vegetables. Serve fresh, no cooking. Good with any type “scoop” chip.

Joan Kallhoff, O’Neill, Nebraska

Lasagna Toss

Thai Beef Wok ‘n Roll-Ups 1 pound beef flank steak 3 tablespoons teriyaki marinade and sauce 1 red bell pepper, cut into thin strips 1/4 cup reduced fat peanut butter 1/4 cup chopped green onions 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper Salt 8 green or red leaf lettuce leaves Cut beef steak lengthwise in half, then crosswise into 1/8 to 1/4-inch thick strips. Combine beef strips and 2 tablespoons teriyaki marinade in medium bowl; toss to coat. Set aside. Spray large nonstick skillet or wok with cooking spray; heat over mediumhigh heat until hot. Add bell pepper; stir-fry 2 to 3 minutes or until crisp-tender. Remove from skillet. Set aside. Add 1/2 of beef to same skillet or wok over medium-high heat; stir-fry 1 to 3 minutes or until outside surface of beef is no longer pink. (Do not overcook.) Remove from skillet. Repeat with remaining beef. Return beef to skillet. Add peanut butter, green onions, bell pepper and remaining tablespoon teriyaki marinade; cook and stir until beef and vegetables are evenly coated and heated through. Season with black pepper and salt, as desired. Spoon beef mixture evenly onto lettuce leaves and roll up.

2 2 3 1 2

lbs. ground beef green peppers, chopped cloves garlic, minced jar (26 oz.) spaghetti sauce 1/3 cups water

1/2 cup Zesty Italian Dressing 12 oven ready lasagna noodles, broken into quarters 1/2 cups mozzarella cheese

Brown meat in large sauce pan; drain. Stir in peppers, garlic, spaghetti sauce, water and dressing. Bring to boil. Add noodles, stir, and cover. Cook on medium to low heat 15- 20 minutes or until noodles are tender. Stir occasionally. Remove from heat. Sprinkle with cheese. Cover let stand 5 minutes until cheese melts. Enjoy with garlic bread and lettuce salad.

Darlus McWilliams, Norfolk, Nebraska

Apple Raisin Muffins 3/4 cup vegetable oil 1 cup sugar 2 eggs 1 teaspoon vanilla 2 cups flour 1/2 teaspoon salt

3/4 teaspoon soda 3/4 teaspoon cinnamon 1 1/2 cups apples, diced 1/2 cup raisins 1/2 cup walnuts, chopped

In large bowl beat oil and sugar with electric mixer for 2 minutes. Add eggs and vanilla; beat 1 minute. Add flour, soda, salt and cinnamon. Stir just to combine. Stir in apples, raisins and walnuts. Spoon batter into twelve greased 3 x 1 1/4 inch muffin cups. Bake 400 degrees for 20 -25 minutes or until toothpick inserted in center of a muffin comes out clean. Remove from oven; cool 5 minutes, remove. Muffins freeze well.

Delores Hansen, Stanton, Nebraska

Recipe provided by the Nebraska Beef Council 20

Rural Electric Nebraskan

SEP - 1: WCF, Wid, NS, 77, from a small community in south central Nebraska looking for a companion 75-80 that enjoys conversation, movies, good food, the outdoors, western music, short trips, shopping, football, basketball, and baseball. SEP - 2: DWF, NS, social drinker from central Nebraska. Love country life, riding horses, working cattle, camping, traveling, relaxing on the patio, and grilling out. Looking for “country boy” age 35-50 with similar interests to spend time with and have some fun. Photo, phone number, & email please. To appear in print The Rural Electric Nebraskan Adult Pen Pal Service is exclusively for member-readers ages 18 and over. To be considered for use, submissions must: (1) Identify rural electric system providing magazine; (2) Include $6 to cover mail forwarding costs; (3) Be 25 words or fewer; (4) Include full name and mailing address (will not be used in magazine); and (5) Be first person, submitted directly by person to receive responses. Acceptance, editing and issue scheduling is at editor’s discretion. Address all submissions to Rural Electric Nebraskan Adult Pen Pal Service, P.O. Box 82048, Lincoln, NE 68501. All responses received by the Adult Pen Pal Service are routed directly, postage paid, to the response number assigned to each submission.

SEP - 3: Farm-raised, SWF, 33, 5’5”, Christian, NS, from east central Nebraska. Enjoys movies, music, C/W dancing, watching football, & the simple things in life. Seeking Christian, NS, tall, dark & handsome good ol’ boy age 30-38. Photo & email please.

SEP - 4: DWM, 71, 6’2”, NS, social drink only, active and healthy, like C/W & dancing, flexible. Looking for slender to slightly more 60s lady. SEP - 5: Male, N/S, social drinker, 43, farmer from central Nebraska who likes the outdoors, camping, playing cards, football, basketball, the Huskers, deer hunting, dining out, movies, music, slow dancing. Looking for a soul mate. Photo & number. SEP - 6: SWM, 53, N/S, south central Nebraska, enjoy everything in life, have great sense of humor. Tired of the single life, ready for a serious relationship. Send photo and cell number, will answer all. SEP - 7: Lonely mature Wid/W/M, NS/ND enjoys most everything like to meet lonely NS lady from lower south central Nebraska that acts her age, everyday normal living, eating out, rides in the country, etc. Please send picture.

To write To respond to one of the adult pen pal requests, write letter, place in envelope, seal and affix first class postage. Address to full, correct response #, c/o Rural Electric Nebraskan Adult Pen Pal Service, P.O. Box 82048, Lincoln, NE 68501. Your letter will be forwarded unopened. Do not send money or additional postage; forwarding is prepaid. Enclose your full mailing address for return correspondence. Once again . . . it is very important that all responses carry the full response number—both month and number—to be properly forwarded. Abbreviation Code C — Christian; C/W — Country-western; D — Divorced; F — Female; M — Male; NS — Non-Smoker; ND — Non-Drinker; R&R — Rock and roll; S — Single; W — White; Wid — Widowed

September 2012

MARKETPLACE/CLASSIFIEDS

CEO/General Manager KBR Rural Public Power District Ainsworth, Neb. Due to the pending retirement of itsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; CEO/General Manager, the Board of Directors of KBR Rural Public Power District is seeking an experienced leader for his replacement. The Board seeks candidates with electric utility experience including such areas as finance, strategic planning, electric distribution operations, engineering, customer and employee communications, and Board relations. The successful candidate will be a proven leader with excellent people and communication skills with the ability to promote strong teamwork and long-term relationships with community organizations, our power supplier, state and federal legislators, associated state, regional, and national organizations, the employees, and the board. The candidate should also be familiar with the process of creating budgets and electric rates utilizing Microsoft Word and Excel. The new CEO should be able to begin work sometime in the spring of 2013 to provide some overlap with the current CEO who retires on May 31, 2013. KBR Rural Public Power District is headquartered in Ainsworth, with a population of 1,800, in the beautiful sandhills and Niobrara River valley of

north-central Nebraska. KBR serves approximately 4,600 meters located in 5,000 square miles of service territory, including eight small towns in Brown, Rock, Keya Paha, and Cherry counties. KBR has 18 dedicated employees with outposts in Springview and Valentine. KBR offers an excellent NRECA benefit package with an annual salary commensurate with experience and qualifications. Interested applicants with any questions may contact the current CEO/General Manager Rich Walters, at richkbr@threeriver.net, or phone 402387-1120 or cell 402-760-1271. Application packages need to include a cover letter, resume, recent salary history, along with three business and three personal references, either delivered or mailed so it arrives at the KBR office in Ainsworth, no later than 12:00 p.m. on Monday, October 15, 2012. Interested applicants should mail or deliver their application to: Rich Walters KBR Rural Public Power District P.O. Box 187 374 North Pine Street Ainsworth, Nebraska 69210 Please mark your envelope/package â&#x20AC;&#x153;Job Applicationâ&#x20AC;?

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