ABC respiratory system p.1

ABC’S OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Who’s ready to learn all about the respiratory system? I am so excited to tell you all about it!

By: Nicole Wenger, Sydney Hamm, and Kaela Bailey

Join Mr. Lung while he teaches us the ABCs of the Respiratory System!

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ALVEOLI

B is for Bronchioles Bronchioles are the passageways by which air travels to get to the alveoli. First of all, bronchioles are inside our lungs!

The air comes in through the mouth or nose. The air then goes to the alveoli.

Bronchioles divided into even smaller terminal bronchioles. Bronchioles are also the smallest pathway for air in the lungs.

C is for Capillaries

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D is for Diaphragm The diaphragm is pretty much a protective covering of internal skeletal muscle. It separates 2 cavities. The 1 cavity is the thoracic cavity, which contains the heart and lungs. The 2nd cavity is the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm is very important in respiration. When the diaphragm contracts (enlargement of the thoracic cavity), air is drawn into the lungs.

E is for Epiglottis

The epiglottis is pretty much a flap of tissue covered in mucus. It is attached to the larynx. It is one of nine cartilaginous structures that help make up the larynx. The epiglottis is covered with taste buds also! It helps prevent food from going down into the trachea and directs it to the esophagus. So when you say your food went down the wrong pipe and start coughing, your flap most likely didn’t close properly which allowed food to travel down the wrong pipe.

F is for Fine Crackle The popping you hear is caused by alveoli and small airways collapsed by fluid. You are most likely to hear this sound with patients who have pneumonia and bronchitis. The crackles usually can be heard when you inhale then when you exhale. Crackles are usually described as either fine, medium, or coarse. The lower lobes of the lungs are where you can hear the crackles the best.

G is for Gases Oxygen and carbon dioxide are the 2 main gases involved with the respiratory system. The process of oxygen coming into the body and carbon dioxide leaving the body is known as BREATHING!!!

Without oxygen , we wouldn't be able to survive on earth!

The gases are exchanged between the outside environment and the organism! During inhalation, oxygen supplies the body. When you exhale, carbon dioxide leaves the lungs and goes out into the environment.

H is for

This is what a real heart looks like

Heart Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs are transported to a network of capillaries to the pulmonary veins. The left side of the heart then receives the oxygen-rich blood from that vein. From there, the left side of the heart helps pump the blood to the rest of the body.

The lungs wouldn't be able to get deoxygenated blood if the heart didn't work properly. The pulmonary artery is within the heart and thats what allows the lungs to receive blood.

I is for Inhalation Inhalation is also known as inspiration.

Its the flow of air into our body! Without this process, we wouldn't be alive. It is the movement of air from the outside world and into the alveoli. Inhalation begins when the muscles attached to the rib cage contract. This makes the chest expand.

J is for JS Haldane

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K is for Kussmaul Respiration Kussmaul breathing is just a fancy way of saying deep breathing. This breathing pattern reduces the amount of carbon dioxide(gas) in the blood.

People suffering from kussmaul respiration often gasp and struggle to breathe. Kussmaul breathing is usually a symptom of a disease called metabolic acidosis, which just means that the body has too much acid in the blood. Kussmaul respiration was named after a guy named Adolph Kussmaul who discovered this breathing pattern.

L is for

Lungs The lungs are spongy organs that are in charge of providing oxygen to our body while getting rid of the carbon dioxide in our body. What this means is that when you breath in, the lungs take in oxygen from the air, then when you breath out, the lungs release carbon dioxide back into the air. This process is what keeps us alive! Our brain is in control of our lungs, and it tells them when to work. Without our lungs, we wouldn’t be able to speak, laugh, breath, or even live!

M is for Muscles Breathing is a big job, and the body needs a lot of muscles in order to complete the job.

The diaphragm is the most important muscle involved with respiration. When you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts, or squeezes in, in order to allow oxygen into the lungs. By allowing oxygen into the lungs, the diaphragm allows you to breath. There are also smaller muscles used during respiration that make breathing easier.

N is for Nasal Cavity

The nasal cavity is just a fancy way of saying your nose. Your nose is in charge of filtering air and providing it with a path for air on its way to the lungs. The inner lining of the nasal cavity has little tiny hairs that help move the mucus through your throat.

Gross right?! On top of providing air with a passage to your lungs, your nose is also in charge of smell.

O is for The oral cavity is a fancy way of saying your mouth. The mouth contains teeth so that we can chew our food to make it easier to swallow food as well as drink.

Though the oral cavity isn’t a huge part of the respiratory system, it does help with the income of air.

The opening of the mouth allows air to come in and go out of the throat.

The mouth, along with the larynx, use the air that comes from the lungs to form words and allow us to speak.

Oral Cavity

P is for Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a lung infection that is caused by germs called bacteria. It starts when you breathe in bacteria from the air. When you get pneumonia you may cough, run a fever, and have a hard time breathing. It can either go away in a few weeks, or it may last a very long time. In super serious cases, people with pneumonia have to get treated at a hospital.

Q is for

QVAR Inhalation

QVAR is a common drug used by people who have asthma. Asthma occurs in people who have shortness of breath during exercise or physical activity. QVAR works directly with the lungs to make breathing easier by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airway. The medication is used regularly by people with breathing problems, and it can sometimes be used for people with lung disease or bronchitis.

R is for Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells play an important role in the respiratory system. They are in charge of picking up oxygen from the lungs and transporting it through the body. Once they have released the oxygen throughout the body, the red blood cells pick up carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is brought back to the lungs by the red blood cells, and we breathe it out. Without red blood cells, our body wouldn’t get the oxygen it needs to survive.

S is for Sinusitis This is also known as a sinus infection. A sinus infection happens when the cavities around the nasal passages become inflamed or irritated. When you get Sinusitis, you need to take Ibuprofen or see a doctor for prescription medicine. You can tell you have a Sinus Infection when you feel pain in your face, have headaches, runny noses, congestion and/or sneezing.

Sinusitis does not usually last long, and if it does, talk to your doctor.

T is for Tachypnea This condition is when you breathe rapidly to help your lungs with the gas exchange inside of them. You can get this by straining your lungs with too much exercise and physical activities, lung diseases, heart diseases, anemia and anxiety. If you think you have it, your doctor will do an ultrasound and use chest radiology to diagnose you. If you have Tachypnea, you will probably be taking up to 60 breaths per minute. Treatment would include using a cannula (a small tube inserted into the body) or a face mask to give you more oxygen.

U is for

Uniphyl Theo-Dur Uniphyl Theo-Dur is a brand name medication used to treat asthma and other airway diseases. It is classified as a bronchodilator medication which means it for breathing. You would need this medication if you are experiencing shortness of breath, wheezing, cough, and congestion. Uniphyl also helps people with emphysema and chronic bronchitis when their symptoms are related to asthma. Uniphyl Theo-Dur can also help strengthen right heart function and diaphragm movement.

V is for Ventilator When someone has trouble breathing or cannot breathe on their own, they use a ventilator. A ventilator is a machine that gives you clean oxygen. Without ventilation, the alveoli in the lungs would not exchange the oxygen for carbon dioxide. The machine helps a patient breathe by giving oxygen through a tube.

The tube can be placed in a patient's mouth, nose, or through a hole in the front of the neck. The tube is what connects the patient to the ventilator. Ventilators save many lives every single day!

W is for Windpipe The windpipe is also called the Trachea; it moves the air you breathe in from the throat to the lungs. The air moves from the nose or mouth into the larynx (voice box), and then to the trachea and down into the lungs. If you don’t take care of your trachea and start smoking, then you run the risk of getting Tracheal Cancer. When you start to choke on some food that you swallowed, that means that there is a blockage in your windpipe. If your trachea becomes inflamed, this causes a very dry barking cough.

X X-Ray is for of the Chest Chest X-rays produce images of your heart, lungs, blood vessels, airways, and the bones of your chest and spine.

These images show important information like the size, shape, contour, and anatomic location of the heart, lungs, bronchi, and bones. If there are any changes in the normal structure of the heart, lungs, and/or lung vessels, this may indicate a disease or a harmful condition. Chest x-rays help doctors see if you have heart enlargement, Pneumonia, Bone fracture, Tumors/cancer and other conditions. It is a good idea to get a chest x-ray if you have pain in your chest, persistent coughing or any suspicions, it may just save your life.

Y is for Yawning Yawning is the involuntary opening of the mouth with respiration, breathing first inward, then outward. It is often caused by the power of suggestion. Repeated yawning may be a sign of drowsiness; it can also sometimes be a sign of depression. One theory of why we yawn is that is helps balance our levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide when our breathing has slowed. Another theory is that it helps wake us up by stretching the lungs and lung tissue in order to increase the heart rate.

Z is for Zithromax Zithromax is a medication classified as a macrolide antibiotic. It helps to treat the bacterial infections that can cause pneumonia, infections of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sinus infections, throat or tonsil infections, and skin infections. It is used only to fight off bacteria, it can’t cure you if you contract a virus from a cold or flu. You should not take it if you have pneumonia and have trouble swallowing. You cannot take any antacids while taking zithromax, and report any swelling or itching to your doctor right away as these can be signs of an allergic reaction to the medication.

Quiz Questions 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Which answer best describes what alveoli are a.

A- small cubes b.

B-medium bags c.

C- large sacs d.

D- small air sacs What do capillaries bring from the arteries to your tissues? a.

A- deoxygenated blood b.

B- oxygenated blood c.

C- platelets d.

D- capillaries don’t do anything The diaphragm is a protective covering of what? a.

A- skeletal muscle b.

B- head c.

C- your leg d.

D- all of your tissues in your body Which 2 gases are vital for human survival? a.

A- we don't need gases b.

B- carbon dioxide and nitrogen c.

C- oxygen and carbon dioxide d.

D- carbon and nitrogen What is the proper term for breathing in? a.

A- sucking in b.

B- breathing c.

C- exhalation d.

D- inhalation

11. to 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

What is the most important muscle used in the Respiratory System?

A- lungs B- abdominals C- diaphragm D- heart Besides smell, what else is your nose in charge of?

A- providing air a passage to lungs B- transporting oxygen to the body C- getting rid of carbon dioxide D- sight What gas does the body take in when we breathe?

A- nitrogen B- oxygen C- carbon dioxide D- all of the above What lung infection is caused by bacteria?

A- the flu B- strep throat C- whooping cough D- pneumonia What gas do we breath out?

A- oxygen B- carbon dioxide C- nitrogen D- all of the above

12.

13.

14.

15.

What type of medication is used treat asthma?

A- Ibuprofen B- Zithromax C- Uniphyl Theo-Dur D- Aspirin What is one thing that an x-ray of the chest can tell you?

A- If you have Pneumonia B- If you have cancer C- If you have an enlarged heart D- All of the above What is one theory about why we yawn?

A- We are silently screaming B- To restore proper oxygen and Carbon Dioxide levels C- To get rid of toxins in our lungs D- To help get rid of bad breath What is another name for the Windpipe?

A- Trachea B- Air tube C- Larynx D- Food tube What is the medical name for a sinus infection?

A- Cold B- Sinusitis C- Tachypnea D- Pneumonia