Graduation Booklet Searching for Identity

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Searching for identity Creating an Alpha campus at the Binnengasthuis

Searching for identity Creating an Alpha campus at the Binnengasthuis

Graduation booklet Rens Matthias van Dijk

Teachers: Wouter Willers, Marie-Therese van Thoor and Frank Koopman Chair: Heritage & Architecture Studio: Cultural identity & Heritage Project: Heritage & Amsterdam: Binnengasthuis

Table of contents 1 Introduction 2 Problem statement 3 Research 4 Urban analysis 5 Master plan 6 Architectural analysis 7 Program 8 Concept 9

Faculty of History, Archaeology and Area Studies 10 Facade panel 11 Building technology 12 Literature

1 Introduction

Img. 1: Amsterdam in 1275

Img. 2: Amsterdam in 1320

Img. 3: Amsterdam in 1450

Img. 4: Amsterdam in 1597

Amsterdam The development of the capital of the Netherlands, Amsterdam, started around a dam at the river Amstel.

Around the year 1000 the swampy area, called Aemestelle, was reclamated by the region of Utrecht. After the cultivation, the land started to settle and floods became a problem. As a solution dikes were built along the Zuiderzee and the IJ. Between 1170 and 1173 the dam was built at the estuary of the river Amstel. It would be this dam where the settlement would start to develop. In this period the harbour of Amsterdam developed at the side of the Damrak.

The estimated date when the settlement at the Amstel was granted town privileges was in 1301 by the bishop Guy van Avesnes. In the fourteenth century the city grew further.

The city expanded along the river Amstel and the harbour expanded at the Rokin. In this century the first monasteries of Amsterdam were founded. Due to the growth of the harbour and the high production of beer, the city became the most important trading town of Holland around the fifteenth century. In this period the development of the first canals around the existing settlement started. At the south-east side of the new developments of Amsterdam, a cluster of monasteries emerged. This area used to be so swampy that the soil had to be raised before it was possible to build on.

Therefore, the monasteries could buy the ground cheaply in this area, resulting in the cluster of religious buildings (Bakker, 2014, p. 3). It is this place where eventually the Binnengasthuis area would develop. During the Eighty Years’ War, Amsterdam changed its reign of power. As protest against the Spanish intruders, the Catholic government was

replaced by a Protestant government. This event is called the Alteration. The change in power resulted in the closing of all the monasteries in Amsterdam. At the time of the Alteration, Amsterdam counted nineteen monasteries. It is this event, which meant the start of the Binnengasthuis.

During the Golden Age the city underwent another significant growth. Between the Alteration and the end of the Golden Age the number of residents grew from 30.000 residents to nearly 200.000. In this period the famous canals of Amsterdam were developed. Through time the city kept expanding in the eventual metropolis we know today. However, the mediaeval part of the city would always stay the center of city.

Binnengasthuis area The Binnengasthuis area is located in this mediaeval part of the city of Amsterdam. Before the Alteration there used to be two monasteries on this location. The Old Nunnery, or Sint MariĂŤnveld ten Nyen Lichte, was founded in 1398 on the north side of the location (Bakker, 2014, p. 6). The New Nunnery, or Sint Dionysius ten Huse ter Lelyen, was founded in 1403 south of the Old Nunnery (Bakker, 2014, p. 14).

After the Alteration, the buildings of the nunneries were donated to the Sint Pietergasthuis. After 1630 the hospital for the sick and elderly became known as the Binnengasthuis.

During this period the Binnengasthuis developed as an enclave from a clustering of buildings in the middle of the city.

Img. 5: Binnengasthuis, era of nunneries from 1400 until 1578

Img. 6: Binnengasthuis, era of gasthuis from 1578 until 1883

Img. 7: Binnengasthuis, era of Academic Hospital from 1883 until 1981

Img. 8: Binnengasthuis, era of University since 1981

In the nineteenth century, plans arose to modernize the hospital. The Binnengasthuis knew virtually no hygienic facilities, patients were never washed and the mortality rate was high (Krabbe, 2004, p. 137). The hospital no longer met the requirements of the time. From 1870 until 1913 the clustered structure of the Binnengasthuis was replaced by a new pavilion structure. However, the characteristic enclave structure with a frame of buildings around the site was preserved (van der Zanden, 2012, p. 2). Already since 1828 the Binnengasthuis was used by the Klinische School and after the modernisation, the Binnengasthuis eventually became an Academic Hospital.

Due to changing requirements of hospitals, it was decided during the twentieth century to create a new Academic Hospital in the newly build neighbourhood Bullewijk. In 1981 the hospital moved from the Binnengasthuis to the AMC hospital. After the departure of the hospital, the University of Amsterdam accommodated several Alpha- and Gamma studies in the former hospital buildings. Now the university has plans to create an Alpha campus at the Binnengasthuis area.

University of Amsterdam The origin of the University of Amsterdam started as the Athenaeum Illustre, or the Doorluchte School, initiated with lectures by the scientists Barlaeus and Vossius in the Agnietenkapel in 1632. In the seventeenth century higher education was still given at the homes of the professors (de Haan & Haagsma, 2000, p. 11). The Agnietenkapel was

therefore only used as an auditorium for public lectures and disputes. After the Alteration, the book collection of the Nieuwe Kerk was moved to the attic of the Agnietenkapel, which functioned as the city library. Until the nineteenth century the Athenaeum Illustre was relatively small with a maximum of eight teachers and 250 students. After the Athenaeum Illustre was recognized as institution of higher education and science, the amount of teachers and student grew. This initiated the process which still continues today, a search for a suitable accommodation (de Haan & Haagsma, 2000, p. 12).

In 1877 it became possible to obtain a doctorate at the Athenaeum Illustre. The Athenaeum Illustre changed into the municipal University of Amsterdam. The University was spread over the city, accommodated at places such as the Binnengasthuis, the Oudemanhuispoort and the Hortus Botanicus. Ever since the nineteenth century the university is searching for a suitable accommodation. However, the growth of the university continued, with 900 student in 1900, 7.500 in 1960 and now the university has more than 31.100 students. After years of planning the University of Amsterdam is working on an accommodation policy, where the faculties are clustered in four separate campuses.

2

Problem statement

An Alpha campus The University of Amsterdam is working on a new accommodation policy which is geared towards a clustering of related scientific disciplines on four open city campuses.

Along with Science Park, the AMC Hospital and Roeterseiland, the Binnengasthuis area will become one of the four open city campuses. According to the University of Amsterdam, there are four vital arguments to create the suggested accommodation policy (Daniëls & de Vries, 2011, p. 3).

1. Clustering stimulates internal and external collaboration 2. Clustering creates possibilities to improve education and research 3. Clustering improves the efficiency and flexibility of the accommodation 4. Clustering increases the attractiveness and recognisability of the University of Amsterdam The related scientific disciplines are sorted under the names: Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Medical (Daniëls & de Vries, 2011, p.

5). Several buildings at the Binnengasthuis area were already in use by the University of Amsterdam. From 1828 until 1981 the Binnengasthuis area was used by the University of Amsterdam as Academic Hospital. After the opening of the AMC hospital in neighbourhood Bullewijk, the Academic Hospital left the Binnengasthuis area. Since the departure, the buildings are used as several faculty buildings for Alphaand Gamma Studies. Now the Binnengasthuis area will become a campus to accommodate the Alpha department.

The Gamma Studies have recently moved to Roeterseiland.

To create a campus at the Binnengasthuis area, The University of Amsterdam plans to create an University Library. Without a new University Library and central meeting point with sufficient study places and multifunctional spaces the Binnengasthuis area will not become a real campus (Daniëls & de Vries, 2011, p. 5).

Inner city campus Creating a university campus in the centre of the historic city is a challenging assignment. Due to limited space and valuable historical structures the assignment cannot be dealt with lightly. The desired location for the Alpha campus, the Binnengasthuis area, has a rich history. Also important parts of the history of the University of Amsterdam is rooted in this place, as it has been used since 1828 by the Klinische School and the Oudemanhuispoort is used as headquater of the university since 1880. Through history, the Binnengasthuis area has always consisted of a cluster of buildings, together forming an ensemble with one main shared function. In a wider context the terminology of a campus can be defined as an area which consists of several buildings, connected with a public space, together serving a shared function. The cultural historic identity and the historic structure of the Binnengasthuis area could therefore be a vital inspiration and could possibly provide a solution for creating an inner city campus for the University of Amsterdam at this historical significant site.

The necessary functions should be determined for the

inner city campus. As mentioned before, the University of Amsterdam wants to create a University Library as central meeting point in the campus. In the current situation, it is not readable in the buildings which studies are taught. This leads to a lack of identity of the faculty buildings and non representative buildings where students can be proud of.

Therefore each department of the Aplha campus will have to be assigned to a faculty building. This will make it possible for the faculty buildings to resemble the studies which are taught.

Problem statement and research question The problem statement for this assignment is how to create an inner city campus at a historical significant location as the Binnengasthuis area. The historical significance is connected with the historical and existing identity of the location. To find solutions for the problem statement a research has to be done for finding the identity of the Binnengasthuis area.

In the research it has to be considered how the identity can be defined. The historical and existing identity could possibly be a vital inspiration for adding the new layer of the Alpha campus to the existing historical layers. Therefore the following research question is stated: What is the historical and existing identity of the Binnengasthuis area and how can it be implemented in the future design?

However, to answer the research question, it first should be determined what identity is and how it can be defined in

an objective way. After that it is possible to research what the historical and existing identity of the Binnengasthuis is.

Finally while designing, it will be examined how the historical and existing identity can be used in a redesign.

Method The research of this Graduation Project will exist out of three parts. The first part will exist out of a theoretical research to serve as a framework for the main research and eventually the design. The second part will exist out of a historical research for the Binnengasthuis area. The third part will be the eventual design as a result of the research. Besides the research, analysing will be a vital part in the Graduation Project to understand the place and buildings on urban-, architectural- and technological scale.

The theoretical research will focus on why the historical and existing identity should be implemented in a redesign.

This will be done by putting forward several findings from literature. Also important for the theoretical research is to question what identity is and whereby the identity of a place or building is defined. To eventually implement the historical and existing identity, the characteristic that defines the historical and existing identity needs to be formulated.

This leads to the question: ‘How can the existing identity be defined in an objective way?’. Based on literature the theoretical research will result in a suggested approach for defining the identity.

The theoretical research will be followed by a historical

research. By using the approach suggested at theoretical research, the historical and existing identity of the Binnengasthuis area will be searched. The research question: ‘What is the historical and existing identity of the Binnengasthuis area?’ will be answered in the historical research. By formulating the characteristics, which together define the identity, it becomes possible to implement the historical and existing identity into a redesign.

The final product of the research will be a redesign of the Binnengasthuis area in the form of a master plan and eventually the design of one or more buildings at the location. The knowledge gained during the historical research will be implemented into this redesign. Therefore, all the observed characteristics should be valued by its importance for the identity and the quality that it brings. A masterplan will be designed for the Alpha campus of the University of Amsterdam according to this characteristics. Finally one of the buildings of the masterplan will be developed further.

The chosen building will be the one which has the most influence to the masterplan. The redesign of the building will also focus on the historical and existing identity of the place and building.

Relevance Redeveloping or transforming the existing fabric in the city will become increasingly important in the future. Coenen observed that two-thirds of all forthcoming building tasks will consist of transformation, at various scale levels (2006, p.

2). At these type of assignments many different parties are

involved with various wishes, making these highly complex assignments. Furthermore, the possible historical importance of the existing fabric asks for a fitting transformation.

Therefore researching how qualities of the historical and existing identity can be implemented for transformation may result in a fitting approach to transform existing fabrics with important historical and cultural characteristics.

3 Research

Unique in redesigning existing fabrics, in comparison with designing in tabula rasa, is working with given historical precedents. A design starts with several historical layers given through time. The historical layers, each with its own characteristics, together define the place. These cultural historic values roots the location and creates an unique identity for the place. When redesigning existing fabrics, one adds a new layer to the existing historical layers. Therefore, while redesigning the existing identity cannot be ignored.

According to Roos the redesign should give meaning and value to the existing identity (2007, p. 13). However, to give meaning and value to the existing identity, a few things should be considered, such as: What is identity? Why should you give meaning and value to the existing identity? How can you give meaning and value to the existing identity? And how can the existing identity be defined in an objective way?

What is identity The word identity derives from the Latin word identitas, which means sameness, or the relation each thing bears just to itself.

Identity summarizes what defines something. A building, place, settlement or landscape can therefore also be defined with their own identity. According to Bosma identity acts as a concept that consists of a set of peculiarities of a place, landscape, settlement and their spatial patterns, or designed structures (2010a, p. 206). It should be considered that identity is not only defined by physical characteristics, but also the intangible. In the publication Genius Loci, towards a phenomenology of architecture, Christian Norberg-Schuls links the identity of a place directly with its history and

meaning (1980, p. 6).

The identity of a building, place, settlement or landscape can be defined in a set of psychical and intangible characteristics.

The danger of the intangible characteristics is that they cannot be accurately measured. People tend to describe the identity more and more dynamic and variable, provided with meaning, memories and desire. Memories are an important component for formulating the identity. However, memories are subjected to mechanisms such as selection, simplification, dramatization and beautification (Bosma, 2010a, p. 208). It could be said that intangible characteristics are by definition a subjective matter. No wonder the theory of Genius Loci by Norberg-Schuls has never been scientifically proven (Bosma, 2010a, p. 206). However, objectivity no longer seems crucial in defining the identity, but the effect on the physical and social space (Bosma, 2010a, p. 205). While searching for identity of a building, place, settlement or landscape, it should be considered you always have to deal with a degree of subjectivity, since identity is not a solid matter but is largely determined by ideas and interpretations which can differ from person to person.

Reason to give meaning A redesign does not always engage a dialogue with the existing and historical identity. However, the existing and historical identity is unique and holds vital information about the cultural history of a place, community or even the whole society. Specific cultural historic values are connected with the subject, the context and the history of the historical

development (Roos, 2007, p. 7). The existing identity is something which has grown through time and is interwoven with the location. Therefore, the existing identity should be embraced while redesigning since it holds valuable cultural history and it embeds the location in its context. By embracing the existing identity within a redesign the generalisation of spaces in the modern world can be halted How to give meaning How to give meaning and value to the existing identity with a redesign has to be considered carefully. Creating a redesign has a social importance, since one is working with historical precedents and the cultural history of a place and community. Bygone time can never return, but memories are preserved in our cultural heritage. Longing for the past leads to the tendency to restore monuments to perfection, though we know that this attempted escape from time will never succeed in the long run (Coenen, 2006, p. 13). The danger of commemoration of the past and approaching the historical sensation, is the risk of fetishization which distracts from the initial reasoning, remembering in absence and at a distance from the past (Bosma, 2010b, p. 190). Redesigning should not only be about conservation and restoring towards the historical situation. History and architecture should merge into something new, so the cultural historic significance can be preserved for the future. Therefore, the cultural historic significance and contemporary usefulness have a hold on each other (Roos, 2007, p. 8). Thus giving meaning and value to the existing identity is key. Which characteristics of the existing identity are valuable and which should be

Img. 1: Impression of the Cardenal Belluga Plaza by Rafael Moneo with his addition of the City Hall Murcia.

emphasized in the redesign, is subjected to the objectives for the future.

The existing identity should not only be preserved as a courtesy to the past. To give meaning and value to the existing identity, it should be embraced and connected with the redesign. A successful intervention gives the existing a new boost, without damaging the identity (Roos, 2007, p. 8). Exploiting the existing identity with a redesign can bring the old and new to a higher level. In the publication, united but segregated, Meurs mentions it is possible to provide a detailed history for every square metre, however the structuring framework can become blurred (2004, p. 3).

This can result in an illegibility of the history and identity of the place. Therefore, while redesigning one has to be critical which characteristics are vital for defining the identity and which are not. The past should be serving the present and future, not weakening the present or obstruct a viable future (Provoost, 1995, p. 12). By redefining the existing identity in a more abstract adaption of itself, the cultural history of a place can become more clear. According to Provoost the initial goal of a redesign is to design something that exceeds the old and the new (1995, p. 35).

An interesting example where the existing identity is enhanced and becomes more readable through intervention is the design for the City Hall of Murcia by Moneo. With his interventions, he manages to prevent the damaging of the continuity of the surroundings and its philosophy. Moreover, he embraces the continuity (Coenen, 2010, p. 48). Moneo claims the architect should act with a certain degree of freedom when dealing with the materials offered by the received

heritage of architectural knowledge (2001, p. 15). The design of the City Hall of Murcia is located on the Cardenal Belluga Plaza. The atmosphere of the plaza is defined in a celebratory spirit thanks to the adjacent facades of the late 14th century Murcia Cathedral and the Episcopal Palace, which are created in a baroque style. The plaza contains importance to the city thanks to these historical significant buildings. The City Hall

by Moneo is placed in a void at the opposite of the church, so the plaza regains its character (img. 1). Moving the City Hall from the former location to the historical significant plaza represents the authority of the citizens (Moneo, 2001, p. 16).

The façade facing towards the plaza embraces the existing identity of its surroundings. The City Hall and the Cathedral of Murcia are place opposite to each other. A specific ratio can be found in the façade of the Cathedral of Murcia (img. 2).

To create the façade for the City Hall, Moneo created a series of studies to find a fitting design towards the façade of the Cathedral of Murcia (Coenen, 2010, p. 48). Every dimension of the façade and the specific openings in the façade of the City Hall can be derived entirely from the ratio of the Cathedral of Murcia (img. 3). The different openings are rhythmically placed in the façade, embracing the decorated façade of the Cathedral of Murcia.

At first sight the façade of the City Hall, facing towards the plaza, might not seem to be in dialog with the traditional facades of the Murcia Cathedral and the Episcopal Palace.

However by using classical tools such as scale, ratio, materialization and the use of light, Moneo creates a clearly perceptible continuation with the historical buildings (Coenen, 2010, p. 48). The façade does not try to compete

with the classical order of the historic buildings, nor does it try to copy. Unlike the facades of the historical buildings, the City Hall does not have an entrance on the plaza. In this way the building respects the pre-eminence of those buildings that have occupied the plaza for so long (Moneo, 2001, p.

16). In the design approach of Moneo, he manages one to experience a bygone world while using an architectural language of the present day (Coenen, 2010, p. 48). From the intervention arises a natural transformation of a historical place, which enhances the existing identity.

Img. 2: The facade of the Cathedral of Murcia with the found ratio along with the facade of the City Hall by Moneo

An approach Enhancing the existing identity seems to be a natural, logical and respectful way to give meaning and value to the existing identity. However, in order to do this, it should be determined what the existing identity is. As mentioned before, formulating the existing identity always contains a degree of subjectivity. The existing identity should be defined as objective as possible, so it can be used for the redesign as a legitimate reasoning. The relation between connection and continuity demands a scientific attitude involving constant alternation between design and research at all scale levels from the building to the city and the landscape. Thus the redesign becomes the product of a questioning attitude (Coenen, 2006, p. 5). By defining the existing identity with a scientific attitude, the degree of subjectivity can be limited.

As a solution to research for a redevelopment Roos suggest a matrix, called the spiral, which consists out of six aspects.

For each case an investigation should be done on the scales of environment, building, details, beauty, use and technique (2007, p. 19). Inspired on the spiral of Roos, I suggest an approach to define the existing identity in an objective way by using a matrix. This matrix is specifically meant for the scale of the place. The matrix consists out of four aspects, which are: atmosphere, spatial composition, spatial elements and embedding. The intention of the matrix is to find and describe the vital characteristics, categorized in the four aspects, which together should define the identity. The four aspects will be explained shortly in the next paragraph. • The aspect atmosphere defines the intangible characteristics of identity. Here characteristics are searched for which

Img. 3: The facade of the City Hall can be derived entirely from the ratio found in the facade of the Cathedral of Murcia

describe the ambiance of the place. What is the state of mind that can be experienced? Is it quiet and peaceful, or maybe lively and vibrant. The use and function is influential for the atmosphere since it determines the kind of activities at the place • The aspect, spatial composition, is aimed at finding characteristics which define the composition of place. Which specific concepts, rhythms or typologies are characteristic for the identity? On the scale of a place it could be characteristic for the identity how buildings are situated in relation with each other. • The aspect, spatial elements, is related to the previous aspects. For this aspect it should be determined which elements are characteristic for the place and which helps defining the spatial composition and atmosphere. • The aspect, embedding, is geared towards the connection between the place and its surroundings. For this aspect it should be determined which characteristics physically and visually embeds the place to its location.

Finally all found characteristics in the matrix together should be defining the existing identity. From there on it becomes possible to decide which characteristics should be maintained, strengthened or weakened to implement the historic and the existing identity for the redesign. This will also be influenced by the wanted future use.

Searching for identity The suggested approach of the matrix will be used to define the historical and existing identity of the Binnengasthuis area. This will be done for the scale of the site, since this scale holds the most valuable characteristics for the idententy.

Especially the identity through time will be important to investigate due to the long history of the site. Therefore, the search for identity will be done for several time periods.

The time periods of the Binnengasthuis area are devided as follows: the era of nunneries, the era of gasthuis, the era of academic hospital and the era of university. These periods define the four large changes at the site. For defining the characteristics old pictures, drawings and historic literature will be used.

Era of nonneries Atmosphere

NUNNERIES

TRANQUILITY Z

Characteristics:

Z

Z

Z

Z

Z Z

From 1389 untill 1578 the Binnengasthuis area was occupied by two nunneries. This were the Old Nunnery, or Sint MariĂŤnveld ten Nyen Lichte, founded in 1389 and the New Nunnery, or Sint Dionysius ten Huse ter Lelyen, founded in 1403.

At the time of the Ateration in 1578, the nunneries counted one hundred nuns (Bakker, 2014, p. 7). Life around the nunneries was geared towards leading a secluded life. Besides carrying out the faith, the nuns also brew beer and wove linen to to accumulate income. The small number of residents and way they lived, made the nunneries a place of tranquility.

Spatial composition

CLUSTERED

GARDENS

Characteristics: The Old- and the New Nunnery were separated from each other by the Nonnensloot. This canal used to be an extension of the Oudezijds Burgwal canal. Both nunneries consisted out of a cluster of buildings.

These buildings held functions such as a chapel, a brewery and dwelling for the nuns. Both clusters of buildings were characterized as enclaves in the city.

The nunneries were isolated from the city, only to be entered from a limited number of portals.

The bird’s eye view of Amsterdam in 1544 by Cornelis Anthonisz shows that the Old- and New Nunnery were one of the greenest places inside the city wall.

The Old- and New Nunnery used to have several green gardens. These gardens were characterized like chambers, since they are surrounded by walls from the different buildings. Several parts of the gardens were rented as a city timber yard.

Spatial elements

ORCHARDS

WALLS

Characteristics: The green character of the place was enhanced by the orchards, which were present at the nunneries.

It is not certain where the orchards were used for.

Possibly the orchards were used for food production, but for the use of timber is also possible. In any case, the orchards gave the nunneries an unique spatial quality inside the city which contributed to the formation of an intimate area.

The orchards and gardens of the nunneries were enclosed by a series of low walls. These walls were probably of wood and brick. The use of walls to enclose the garden contributed to the isolation of the nunneries from the city.

Embedding

ENCLAVE

CITY WALL

Characteristics: The nunneries were located at the edge of the city. At the south east side of the area, the city wall was located. The city wall separated the area from the river Amstel and the polders behind the city wall. At the corner of the city wall, the defensive tower Swych Utrecht was located. Later the Kloveniersdoelen would accommodate here. The area was characterized as a place which was closed off from its surroundings. On one side was a high city wall, while the other sides were closed off by walls and buildings.

Era of gasthuis Atmosphere

HOSPITAL

TRANQUILITY Z

Characteristics:

Z

Z

Z

Z

Z Z

After the Alteration, the nunneries were donated to the Sint Pietersgasthuis. The area was marked as the place for taking care of the sick and the elderly. After the transition the area became more crowded with the introduction of care houses for the elderly and the homeless. On the edges the location became more vivid. However, the overall atmosphere at the Binnengasthuis was still relatively quiet to provide rest for the sick.

Spatial composition

LABYRINTH

GARDENS

Characteristics: The composition of the Binnengasthuis consisted out of a labyrinth of buildings, all meant for taking care of the sick and the elderly. Just as in the era of nunneries, is the Binnengasthuis shaped as an enclave in the city. The Binnengasthuis was closed off from the city, because people only came there under specific circumstances.

Thanks to the labyrinth structure of the buildings numerous courtyards developed at the area. In comparison with the gardens in the era of nunneries, the courtyards were smaller and more intimate. The courtyards gave great quality to the Binnengasthuis and would have had a positive effect on the sick.

Several courtyards were also used functionally, such as a herb garden, a timber garden and a bleachfield.

Spatial elements

GALLERY

PORTALS

Characteristics: The different parts of the Binnengasthuis are connected by a centrally situated walking gallery.

The gallery is built next to the Gasthuissloot. The gallery went through several courtyards. Because the different courtyards could be experienced from the gallery, the quality of the gallery was even higher.

The Binnengasthuis was located inside a building block and was therefore not directly connected to the surrounding streets. The streetscape of the surrounding streets consisted of several portals, some of which were richly decorated. The portals led to the world inside the building block. Several of the portals are still present at the location.

Embedding

ENCLAVE

FRAME

Characteristics: The Binnengasthuis was hidden in the centre of the city. The enclave was surrounded by dwelling which bordered the streets. The dwelling functioned as a frame around the area. The only way to enter the area was through a series of portals. The frame only opened up at one place, which is at corner of the Grimburgwal.

Era of academic hospital Atmosphere

HOSPITAL

CROWDED

@#

!

! ? @

Characteristics:

After the modernisation of the Binnengasthuis and the change into an academic hospital, the structure of the hospital changed. The area became more crowded due to the increased capacity of the hospital buildings for the sick. After the modernisation the amount of nurses, who lived at the location, kept growing. A third influence for the busier atmosphere at the area, was the introduction of the medical students who had education at the hospital.

Especially during visiting hours the Binnengasthuis area could become a very turbulent place.

Spatial composition

PAVILIONS

GARDENS

Characteristics: During the modernisation of the Binnengasthuis area the labyrinth structure, which had grown since the mediaeval period, was replaced by structure of pavilions. This change also meant an upscaling of the buildings. The new buildings created were several times larger and higher than the previous buildings.

However several structures, which were not the property of the hospital, were preserved. Therefore, both layers can still be found at the Binnengasthuis area.

The typical garden structure, which had developed since the mediaeval period, was reduced during the modernisation of the Binnengasthuis area.

The pavilion structure did not create the same characteristics as before. However, the garden structure could still be seen at the parts, which have not been changed during the modernisation.

Spatial elements

ENGLISH GARDEN

LAUNDRY CART

Characteristics: The open space created at the core of the building block due to the creation of the pavilion structure, was arranged as a park. The park between the modern hospital buildings was designed in the language of a basic English garden style. Columnar poplars were placed in front of the facades of the hospital buildings. This interpretation of the outside space influenced the change of atmosphere at the area. The new entrance of the hospital was at this English garden.

In the English garden a structure of railroads could be found. The railroads connected the different modern hospital buildings with each other. The exact function of the railroad is not known. But the most likely function of the railroad would be to transport goods between the buildings.

Embedding

ENCLAVE

FRAME

Characteristics: After the modernisation of the Binnengasthuis area, the internal structure changed. However the area remained an enclave, since the area existed of the cluster of buildings with one main function. The frame of buildings around the core of the building block was enhanced compared to the situation before. The inner world of the hospital could only be accessed from the gate at the corner of the Grimburgwal.

Era of university Atmosphere

UNIVERSITY

CROWDED

@#

!

! ? @

Characteristics:

After more than 400 years the hospital would leave the Binnengasthuis area in 1981. New plans were developed to accommodate several Alpha- and Gamma studies from the University of Amsterdam.

The main goal of the new plan was to give the area back to city. New cycling routes were introduced through the former enclave. This resulted in a change of atmosphere. The area became more crowded due to the high amount of bicyclers who used the road as a short cut. The new target for the area also changed the atmosphere. Instead of a place accupied by the sick and elderly, it became a place for vivid students.

Spatial composition

PAVILIONS

GARDENS

Characteristics: The plans to give the area back to the city meant the demolition of several former hospital buildings.

Other buildings were redesigned by creating several additions. In this process the pavilion structure is further emphasized by creating the additions in contrasting materials and shapes. In the centre of the area a new social housing complex is created, which guides the cycling route through the Binnengasthuis area.

The shape of the social housing complex creates a new courtyard. The courtyard was accessible through two portals underneath the building complex. However, these portals are now closed off by gates. As a result, the courtyard is separated from the rest of the Binnengasthuis area. The courtyard of the Oudemanhuispoort remains as one of the oldest historical structures.

Spatial elements

GALLERY

SQUARE

Characteristics: The courtyard of the Oudemanhuispoort is connected with a gallery to the streets. This gallery with little shops was already used since 1757 by traders in gold, silver, books, fancy articles and other goods. However, after the departure of the hospital one of the shop cabinets was demolished to create a connection to the Binnengasthuis area. From this period on the Oudemanhuispoort was finally physically connected with the Binnengasthuis area.

Now the shops are used to sell books.

In the centre of the Binnengasthuis area a new square is created. The square is framed by the social housing complex. Next to the square the cycling routes comes together at an intersection.

Embedding

BROKEN FRAME

Characteristics: To give the area back to the city, several interventions were done. A new social housing complex was created at the centre of the Binnengasthuis area.

Also a thoroughfare for cyclist was built. This led to the disappearance of the typology of an enclave. The Binnengasthuis area no longer exists out of a cluster of building with one main function, which is closed off from the city. The demolition of the hotel Pays Bas created a gap in the frame of building around the area.

Atmosphere TRANQUILITY Z

Z

Z

Z

Z

Spatial composition

NUNNERIES

CLUSTERED

GARDENS

ORCHARDS

WALLS

Z Z

HOSPITAL

GALLERY

LABYRINTH

PAVILIONS

CROWDED

@#!

! ? @ UNIVERSITY

Future

Spatial elements

PORTALS

All the characteristics defined in the historical eras of the Binnengasthuis area are summarized in the following matrix. All the acquired characteristics of the area through time are shown. It can be seen that some characteristics continue to exist today, while other disappeared through time. The eventual goal of the matrix will be to decide which characteristics should be maintained, enhanced, impaired, annulled or reintroduced in the intervention.

Embedding ENCLAVE

CITY WALL

Through time the Binnengasthuis area was characterized as a closed off area. The area was defined as an enclave located in the middle of the city. Even though the function of the area changed several times, the Binnengasthuis area always consisted out of a cluster of buildings with a main shared function. Through time the area changed from a tranquil place to a more and more crowded place.

FRAME

ENGLISH GARDEN

LAUNDRY CART

SQUARE

BROKEN FRAME

The composition of the buildings in the area consisted out a cluster of connected buildings with several gardens. After the Alteration the composition of buildings evolved into a complex labyrinth. This labyrinth of buildings disappeared after the modernisation of the Binnengasthuis. Since then a structure of pavilions was introduced.

The Binnengasthuis area was characterized as an enclave for a long time. The area was bordered by rows of dwelling. Inside this building block was a hidden green world. After the departure of the hospital, the municipality decided to give the hidden world back to the city.

Parts of the green gardens disappeared and made place for brick pavements. The structure of a green enclave disappeared.

The changes in the nineteen-eighties meant a radical change to the identity of the Binnengasthuis area. It should be considered why the identity was changed and to what degree the changes should be implemented in the identity in the future.

4

Urban analysis

Current situation The Binnengasthuis area consists of several types of public spaces. Since the eighties a large portion of the area has been changed into paved streets and a square. These structures gives the location a more urban character. Hidden behind the buildings, several green courtyards can still be found.

Typical of the courtyards is that they can only be entered from a limited amount of accespoints.

At the location a large portion of the buildings are used directly or indirectly by the University of Amsterdam.

However the building do not seem to correlate with each other. Every building is orientated to a different direction and the buildings seem to stand with their backs to each other.

Img. 1: Paved public space versus green courtyards

Img. 2: UvA buildings lost in space

Img. 3: Flood of bicycles on location

Img. 4: Busy cycling route through Binnengasthuis

One of the biggest problems in Amsterdam is dealing with bicycles. Also at the Binnengasthuis area this is not an exception. At the area a lot of spots are assigned for bicycle parking. The spread bicycle parking is effecting the quality of the public space of the Binnengasthuis area.

In the eighties the Binnengasthuis area was opened towards the city. The enclave became a public area. Therefore, two new cycling routes are created through the Binnengasthuis.

This intervention made the area more crowded, since the cycling routes are used as short cut to and from the city center.

The structure of the Binnengasthuis seems to be fractured.

Through time the cohesion of the Binnengasthuis is fading.

The biggest cause of this tendency is the introduction of the

cycling routes. Also the lack of a shared focus point of the buildings used by the University of Amsterdam is stimulating this effect. The structure as an enclave, which was a crucial characteristic of the Binnengasthuis, is disappearing.

Currently the Binnengasthuis has three main entrance points which are accessible by bicycle and by foot. Futhermore, the area is accessible through a series of portals. These portals are only meant for pedestrians. At the Rokin the Noord-Zuid metro will get a new station. In the future this will be one of the most important connections from the Central Station to reach the location.

Img. 5: Fracture of enclave structure

Img. 6: Current primairy and secondary access places in relation with the future Noord-Zuid metro line

University building Museum Dwelling Hotel Commercial use Theater

Img. 7: Functions of buildings at the Binnengasthuis area

Brick Stucco Glass Stone Concrete

Img. 8: Primairy facade materials of buildings at the location

A large portion of the buildings at the Binnengasthuis are in use by the University of Amsterdam. Also the museums at the Oude Turfmarkt are property of the University of Amsterdam.

The building block between the Nieuwe Doelenstraat and the Amstel are primarily used as hotels. Also several buildings are in use as dwelling, whereof one is located in the core of the Binnengasthuis.

The primary material found at the buildings is the use of brick.

Only several buildings are created in a different material. All the additions made in the Eighties and Nineteens are created in contrasting materials.

Changes in the 80’s In 1981 the hospital moved from the Binnengasthuis area to the AMC hospital. For the redevelopment a workgroup was arranged. The workgroup created a redevelopment plan for the Binnengasthuis area for the accommodation of the

University of Amsterdam. The new function at the location was planned to be 60% university function, while 40% was meant for dwelling (Maas, 1981, p. 51). Important in the redevelopment was to give the area, which was described as a hidden messy area in the city centre, back to the city (img. 1).

For the redevelopment of the Binnengasthuis the workgroup inventoried the existing building stock and considered which buildings were suitable to reuse for the accommodation for the University of Amsterdam. This eventually led to the decision to demolish several buildings and gave the workgroup space to create new interventions to give the area back to the city.

To make the area accessible from the city, several new elements were introduced in the master plan by Aldo van Eyck (img. 3). A cycling route was introduced, creating four entrances to the area. The Administration building was to be demolished to create a central square at the location. Finally a new social housing complex was introduced. This building creates a new street and also restores the former courtyard.

Eventually, it was decided to assign the Administration building as a listed monument, causing the master plan to change (img. 4). Instead the square is projected next to the bicycle intersection. In the eventual plan the square no longer is a central point of the area, but it is put to the side.

The social housing complex moved towards the building extension of the Allard Pierson Museum. The two buildings were now placed directly against each other. Also one of the cycling roads was scraped.

Img. 1: Situation 1970, cluster of buildings, no central square, closed courtyard

Img. 2: Situation demolition, one open space

Img. 3: Masterplan Aldo van Eyck, four entrances to the area, central square, courtyard closed

Img. 4: Current situation, three main entrances to area, central square next to routing, passages to courtyard closed

Weaknesses - The cycling routes wihich are introduced in the Eighties.

The public space is interrupted by fast moving cyclists, who are using the area as a short cut. The cycling route is making the Binnengasthuis area unnecessary crowded.

- The small undefined public spaces at the location. These spaces are often difficult to access and quickly become messy corners. One of the spaces is used as parking spaces for the hotel de l’Europe.

- The hole in the streetscape of the Nieuwe Doelenstraat.

This hole originates from the demolition of the Hotel des Pays Bas. The hole is one of the biggest causes of the fading of the enclave structure.

-The location of the social housing complex in respect to the former building part of the Nederlandse Bank. The historical building is hidden behind the building from the Eighties.

- The inaccessibility of the courtyard of the former Binnengasthuishof. In the social housing complex by van Ley, two portals were designed to access the courtyard. However, due to disturbance, the portals are closed off now.

Strengths - The high amount of portals found at the location. The portals are one of the main elements used to enter the Binnengasthuis. The portals are marking the transition from the city to the formerly introverted Binnengasthuis.

- The remaining green courtyards that are still present today. before the amount of courtyards was higher. The remaining green courtyards are referring to the history of the location and give it a tranquil atmosphere.

- The gallery at the Oudemanhuispoort. The gallery has a very intimate atmosphere and gives great quality to the area. The gallery is used as a connecting element between the Oudezijds Achterburgwal, the Kloveniersburgwal, the Oudemanhuispoort and the rest of the Binnengasthuis.

Img. 1: The most important strengths and weaknesses found at the Binnengasthuis area.

- The alignment of the facades of the Tweede Kliniek and the social housing complex. The facades, together, are defining a continues street front, which defines the borders of the square.

5 Master plan

Department Dutch studies, Language and Literature, and Philosophy

Department Art-, Religionand Cultural Sciences

Department Media Studies

Campus library Administration Social housing

Campus restaurant

Allard Pierson Museum Department History, Archaeology & Area Studies

Museum Bijzondere Collecties Social housing

Courtyard

Green street

Green street

Green street Orchard

Urban square

Courtyard

Orchard

Courtyard

Department Dutch studies, Language and Literature, and Philosophy

Department Art-, Religionand Cultural Sciences

Department Media Studies

Campus library Administration Social housing

Campus restaurant

Allard Pierson Museum Department History, Archaeology & Area Studies

Museum Bijzondere Collecties Social housing

6

Architectural analysis

Img. 1: The facade of the Tweede Kliniek has a clear symmetrical front.

Img. 2: The horizontal orientation is very limited in the facade of the Tweede Kliniek.

Img. 3: The facade of the Tweede Kliniek is very vertical orientated.

Img. 4: The facade is highly decorated by brick patterns and reliefs.

Img. 5: The composition of the Tweede Kliniek consists out a base form and several protrusions.

Img. 3: The apartments of the social housing complex are accessible by seven stairwells.

4700

Img. 6: Structural layout of the second floor

5500

5500

4850

7 Program

With the new accommodation policy of the University of Amsterdam, the university tries to decrease the amount of buildings used by the university from sixty-five to thirty-five buildings. Several buildings which are in use now outside the area, such as the P.C. Hoofthuis by Aldo van Eyck at the Spuistraat, will be rejected. All the departments of the scientific disciplines of Alpha Studies will be clustered at the Binnengasthuis area in the existing buildings. The University of Amsterdam aims at a gross floor area of 43.100 square metres at the Binnengasthuis area in 2020 (Demmers, 2014, p.

13). In order to accomplish this, several Gamma studies have to move from the Binnengasthuis towards Roeterseiland, allowing to create plans for a new Alpha campus at the Binnengasthuis.

Literature; and Philosophy. The department of Media Studies along with the Amsterdam Archaeological Centre are already accommodated in the Kraamkliniek. The department of Art, Religion- and Cultural Sciences will be accommodated in the Zusterverband (DaniĂŤls & de Vries, 2011, p. 11). The renovation of this building is currently in process. Between 2009 and 2013 the average amount of students following an Alpha course at the University of Amsterdam were 7.278, while the amount of staff had an average of 664 (fig. 1). As can be seen between 2011 and 2012, the amount of subscribed student can fluctuate dramatically, with a difference of almost 900 students. Also the number of students at the different departments are constantly changing. The University estimates a growth of 33% of the amount of students in 2020, followed by a stabilisation to the amount of 2012 (DaniĂŤls & de Vries, 2011, p. 9). The campus has to provide space for all these students and should be flexible to adopt to the changes in the amount of students and staff.

The University of Amsterdam divides the different studies of the Alpha campus in the following departments: History, Archaeology & Area Studies; Art-, Religion- and Cultural Sciences; Media Studies; Dutch Studies; Language and

History, Archaeology & Area Studies Art-, Religion- and Cultural Sciences Media Studies Dutch Studies Language and Literature Philosophy Total Alpha students Staff Alpha studies

2009 Bsc Msc Total 1509 536 2045 994 578 1572 907 279 1186 423 100 523 1113 213 1326 373 148 521 5319

1854

7173 622

2010 Bsc Msc Total 1498 607 2105 1040 611 1651 1048 307 1355 444 120 564 1088 264 1352 418 180 598 5536

2089

7625 628

2011 Bsc Msc Total 1520 666 2186 1004 665 1669 1175 306 1481 388 117 505 1079 286 1365 384 191 575 5550

2231

7781 673

2012 Bsc Msc Total 1344 611 1955 869 586 1455 1022 284 1306 322 124 446 952 269 1221 347 179 526 4856

2053

6909 702

2013 Bsc Msc Total 1334 643 1977 857 561 1418 1001 300 1301 305 124 429 964 287 1251 336 188 524 4797

2103

6900 694

Average 2054 1553 1326 493 1303 549 7278 664

Fig. 1: The number of staff, bachelor- and master students between 2009 and 2013. Figures retrieved from http://www.uva.nl/feiten-en-cijfers

Urban master plan The master plan for the Alpha campus has been presented in the previous chapter. The alpha campus is to be designed at the Binnengasthuis area, a place with rich historical values.

The goal of the master plan will be to design a new Alpha campus at the place while reacting towards the unique historical context. This is done with the aid of the produced matrix, which has come as a result from the research. In the master plan several functions has to be accommodated in the existing building stock for the Alpha campus.

the departments Dutch studies, Language and Literature, and Philosophy with an average amount of students of 2345 at the Oudemanhuispoort. The gross floor area of the Oudemanhuispoort is approximately 10.700 square metres (UvA, 2010, p. 19). The department History, Archaeology & Area Studies, with 2.050 students on average, will be accommodated in the Tweede Kliniek together with the social housing complex. The faculty building will be approximately 11.400 square metres. This includes a central bicycle parking for the whole campus. By creating a central bicycle parking place, the public space of the campus will be free of bicycles.

According to the University of Amsterdam it will be necessary to create an University Library at the Binnengasthuis area (DaniĂŤls & de Vries, 2011, p. 5). An University Library can function as a central meeting point of the campus.

To stimulate possibilities for students to meet, also a freestanding campus cafeteria is suggested. The University Library for Alpha Studies, the cafeteria along with a main administration building will become the core of the campus.

To place the library at the core of the campus, it is located at the Interne Kliniek in the master plan.

Also located directly around the core of the campus, will be social housing. A vital element of creating a campus is to give space for housing. Residents can keep the campus vivid outside the office hours. The existing museums, Allard Pierson Museum and Bijzondere Collecties, which are both properties of the University of Amsterdam should also be connected with the inner city campus. The public space adjacent to the student- and social housing also has to be used by the residents.

Located directly around the core, the faculty buildings are situated. In the master plan the head offices and specific spaces of the different study departments have to be assigned to the buildings on the site. The buildings which are already renovated and assigned to a department will not be changed. So only the following departments still have to be accommodated: History, Archaeology & Area Studies; Dutch Studies; Language and Literature; and Philosophy. In the master plan it is suggested to locate

The building assignment The eventual assignment will be to design one of the faculty buildings. One of the main problems with the currently used faculty buildings is a lack of recognition in the buildings which courses are given in the different buildings (img. 1).

The buildings are not representing the interesting things that happens behind the classroom doors. Buildings as the Eerste Kliniek, Oudemanhuispoort or the P.C. Hoofthuis are very

Eerste Kliniek

Oudemanhuispoort

uniform and therefore lacks a certain unique identity. This results in several faculty buildings which are not representative towards the work the students and researchers are doing.

The buildings therefore are not symbolizing the pride of the students and researchers and where they are standing for in the world of science. Furthermore, the uniform faculty buildings creates a lack of orientation for the visitors.

The main cause of the uniform atmosphere is the strategy by the University of Amsterdam to separate the researchers and students. The researchers are grouped in departments and

Kraamkliniek

spread over the faculty buildings, while all the students are grouped in several generic education buildings consisting of lecture halls and class rooms. The contact between students and researchers is therefore limited. To create a face of all the faculty buildings for the departments at the Alpha campus, it is suggested to change the strategy of the generic education buildings. Instead every student and researcher of a specific department should be accommodated in a faculty building, specifically designed for the department. This strategy will improve the contact between the students and researchers and enhances the exchange of knowledge. The strategy will

History

also make it able to embed the identity of the department in the building, so the building becomes something which resembles the students and researchers. For the building assignment it is important to embed the identity of the department into the building design.

The chosen faculty building to design further is the Tweede Kliniek together with the social housing complex. This faculty building is chosen because it is located at an important location in the master plan. The master plan aims to restore the structure of the enclave, therefore dwelling has to be moved from the centre to the borders of the Binnengasthuis area. In the building assignment it will be investigated how the identities of the buildings can be implemented in the new design.

The department that will be accommodated in the new faculty building will be the department of History, Archaeology & Area Studies. The amount of students between 2009 and

Archaeology

Area Studies

2013 were 2050 on average. Also a part of the university staff, estimated around 150, has to be accommodated in the building. A part of the space will be used to store the bicycles at the campus. The department of History, Archaeology & Area Studies consists out of a series of bachelor and a master programs. The Bachelor studies are Archaeology and Prehistory; European Studies; and History. Of which History has the largest group of first year students of 203, while Archaeology and Prehistory only has 20 first year students. The Master studies are Archaeology; Archaeology and Prehistory; European Studies; and History. Important needs for the program is a sufficient amount of class rooms and office rooms. Further more, lecture halls should be implemented which can hold the largest group of bachelors present. Also central meeting places are important in the program. Meeting point in the form of an cafeteria, Coffee corner, Exposition space and pantries are implemented in the design

8 Concept

Corner points, connecting lines and endpoints

Corner points Connecting lines End points

Foyer

Teaching spaces

Open workspaces

Offices

Restaurant

Coffee corner

Facility spaces

Exposition space

Bicycle storage

Lecture halls

Foyer & Open workspaces

Restaurant & Exposition

Foyer & Coffee corner

Lecture halls

Fourth floor

Third floor

Second floor

First floor

Ground floor

9

Faculty of History, Archaeology and Area Studies

6

7 3

2

1 4

5 8

9

10

11

1. Foyer 2. Reception 3. Service desk 4. Storage and washroom 5. Seating area 6. Self-service 7. Kitchen 8. Pantry 9. Student association 10. Bookstore 11. Bicycle storage

1

Ground floor

4

5

2 1

3

5

5

6

7

6

1. Coffee corner 2 Computer space 3. Classroom 4. Exposition space 5. Conference room 6. Pantry 7. Offices

6

5

First floor

4

2

3

1. Open workspaces 2. Pantry 3. Offices 4. Lecture hall

1

2

Second floor

4 1

2 3

5

6 5

1. Small workspaces 2 Computer space 3. Classroom 4. Conference room 5. Pantry 6. Offices

5

4

Third floor

4

2

3

1. Open workspaces 2. Pantry 3. Offices 4. Lecture hall

1

2

Fourth floor

4 1

2 3

6

5

1. Small workspaces 2 Computer space 3. Classroom 4. Conference room 5. Pantry 6. Lecture hall

Fifth floor

10 Facade panel

STORIES IN STONE

11 Building technology

Decentralized climate system with countercurrent heat exchanger

Decentralized air inlet, air exhaust through corridor and stairwells. Heat recovery using twin coil system

Construction floor plan

Section 1

Section 2

Section locations

B

A

A

B

Third floor +13600

Third floor +13600

E

E

E’

E’

Second floor +8600

Second floor +8600

First floor +3600

First floor +3600

E’

D

D

D’

Ground floor -350

Ground floor -350

B’

Facade fragment | 1:200

A’

A’

Section CC’ | 1:200

B’

C

Detail 1

C

C

Detail 1

Detail 3

Third floor +13600

Third floor +13600

C

Third floor +13600

Detail 3

Detail 4

Detail 4

Detail 5

Detail 5

Third floor +13600

E

E

Detail 2

E

E’

E

E’

E’

E’

Detail 2

Detail 6

Second floor +8600

Second floor +8600

Second floor +8600

First floor +3600

First floor +3600

First floor +3600

Section DD’ | 1:200

Second floor +8600

First floor +3600

D’

D

D’

D D

D

D’

D’

Ground floor -350

Ground floor -350 Ground floor -350

Ground floor -350

Section EE’ | 1:200

C’

C’ C’

Section AA’ | 1:200

C’

Section BB’ | 1:200

Detail 7

Detail 8

1. Climate system | 1:20 Existing masonry 640mm Existing roof construction Insulation 100mm Plasterboard 20mm Plaster 11mm Aluminium frame Airmaster AM 500 V

2. Climate system | 1:20 Existing masonry 640mm Reproduction natural stone ormament ventilation grill air duct 250 Ă˜ Insulation 100mm Plasterboard 20mm Plaster 11mm Aluminium frame Airmaster AM 500 H Troggewelf Floor finish with floor heating 50mm

3. Window frame | 1:10 Existing masonry 640mm Insulation 100mm Plaster 11mm Existing wooden window frame Renovation glass 12mm

3. Window frame | 1:10 Existing wooden window frame Renovation glass 12mm

4. Window frame | 1:10 Existing masonry 640mm Insulation 100mm Plaster 11mm Natural stone window sill Existing wooden window frame Renovation glass 12mm

5. Window frame | 1:10 Existing masonry 640mm Insulation 100mm Plaster 11mm Existing wooden window frame Renovation glass 12mm

6. Window frame | 1:10 Existing wooden window frame Renovation glass 12mm

7. Window frame | 1:10 Existing masonry 640mm Insulation 100mm Plaster 11mm Existing wooden window frame Renovation glass 12mm

A

B

Fourth floor +11775

D

D’

Third floor +8975

Second floor +6175

C

C’

First floor +3375

Ground floor +525

A’

Facade fragment | 1:200

B’

Detail 3

Fourth floor +11775

Fourth floor +11775

Detail 4

Detail 8

D

D’

D

D’

Third floor +8975

Third floor +8975

Detail 1

Detail 9

Section CC’ | 1:200

Second floor +6175

Second floor +6175

Detail 5

Detail 6

Detail 2

C

First floor +3375

C’

C

C’

First floor +3375

Detail 7

Ground floor +525

Ground floor +525

Detail 12

Detail 10

Section DD’ | 1:200

Section AA’ | 1:200

Section BB’ | 1:200

Detail 11

1. Roof construction | 1:10 Prefabricated concrete slab 200mm Insulation 75mm Plasterwork 11mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm Sch端co window aws50

2. Floor construction – Fourth floor | 1:10 Prefabricated concrete slab 200mm Floor finish with floor heating 50mm Insulation 75mm Plasterwork 11mm Kampmann decentralized climate unit Schßco window aws50 Ventilation grill

3. Floor construction – Second floor | 1:10 Prefabricated concrete slab 200mm Floor finish with floor heating 50mm Kampmann decentralized climate unit Insulation 75mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm Schßco window aws50

4.

Floor construction – Second floor | 1:10

Existing in-situ concrete floor 200mm Prefabricated concrete slab 200mm Floor finish with floor heating 50mm Steel L profile

200 x 150 x 14mm Prefabricated concrete wall element 75mm Insulation 75mm Plasterwork 11mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm SchĂźco window aws50

5.

Floor construction – First floor | 1:10

Existing in-situ concrete floor 200mm Floor finish with floor heating 50mm Kampmann decentralized climate unit Prefabricated concrete wall element 75mm Insulation 75mm Plasterwork 11mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm SchĂźco window aws50

6.

Column – Fourth floor | 1:10

Prefabricated concrete column 300 x 300mm Prefabricated concrete slab 200mm Floor finish with floor heating 50mm Insulation 75mm Plasterwork 11mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm

7.

Column – Second floor | 1:10

Prefabricated concrete column 300 x 300mm Prefabricated concrete slab 200mm Floor finish with floor heating 50mm Insulation 75mm Plasterwork 11mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm

8.

Horizontal window detail – Third floor | 1:10

Prefabricated concrete wall element 75mm Insulation 75mm Plasterwork 11mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm Mounting frame 35x100mm SchĂźco window aws50

9.

Column – Third floor | 1:10

Prefabricated concrete column 300 x 300mm Prefabricated concrete wall element 75mm Insulation 75mm Plasterwork 11mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm Mounting frame 35x100mm SchĂźco window aws50

10.

Horizontal wall connection– Third floor | 1:10

Existing in-situ concrete wall 200mm Prefabricated concrete wall element 75mm Insulation 75mm Plasterwork 11mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm Mounting frame 35x100mm SchĂźco window aws50

11.

Horizontal window detail – first floor | 1:10

Prefabricated concrete wall element 75mm Insulation 75mm Plasterwork 11mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm Mounting frame 35x100mm SchĂźco window aws50

12.

Column – First floor | 1:10

Prefabricated concrete column 300 x 300mm Insulation 75mm Beddenhaak system Fiberglass reinforced concrete panel 15mm

12 Literature

Bakker, T. (2014). Middeleeuwse kloosters, begijnenhof en gasthuizen in Amsterdam.

Bosma, K. (2010a). Authenticiteit: van substantie naar beeld en decor. In K. Bosma & J. Kolen (Eds.), Geschiedenis en ontwerp, een handboek voor de omgang met cultureel erfgoed bij transformatieopgaven. Nijmegen: Van Tilt Uitgeverij.

Bosma, K. (2010b). Historisch onderzoek: erfgoed en ruimte.

In K. Bosma & J. Kolen (Eds.), Geschiedenis en ontwerp, een handboek voor de omgang met cultureel erfgoed bij transformatieopgaven. Nijmegen: Van Tilt Uitgeverij.

Meurs, P. (2004). Segregated but united : Memory in the city of tomorrow. In J. Seijdel (Ed.), In (no) memory : Storing and recalling in contemporary art and culture. Rotterdam: 010 Uitgeverij.

Moneo, R. (2001). The freedom of the architect. Paper presented at the Raoul Wallenberg Lecture, Michigan.

Norberg-Schulz, C. (1980). Genius Loci: Towards a phenomenology of architecture. New York: Rizzoli International Publications.

Coenen, J. (2006). The art of blending. Paper presented at the Inaugural lecture, Delft.

Provoost, M. (Ed.). (1995). Re-arch: Nieuwe ontwerpen voor oude gebouwen. Rotterdam: 010 Uitgeverij.

Coenen, J. (2010). Noties: ContinuĂŻteit en vernieuwing. Amsterdam: SUN.

Roos, J. (2007). De ontdekking van de opgave. Delft: DSSV.

DaniĂŤls, J., & de Vries, H. (2011). UvA: naar vier open stadcampussen. Amsterdam: UvA Huisvestingsontwikkeling.

Demmers, D. (2014). Campusontwikkeling UvA. Amsterdam. de Haan, H., & Haagsma, I. (2000). Al de gebouwen van de Universiteit van Amsterdam. Haarlem: Architext Krabbe, C. P. (2004). Monumentaal en schilderachtig. In V. v.

Rossem (Ed.), Amsterdam maakt geschiedenis. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Bas Lubberhuizen.

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