Better Health - November 2021

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| SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 2021

“Alzheimer’s is a specific disease. Dementia is the general term for the set of symptoms including memory loss and changes in thinking and behavior,” Explained Meghan Lemay, regional manager of the Western Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Association.

(ABOVE PHOTO COURTESY OF ISTOCK)

Alzheimer’s is the sixthleading cause of death in the United States. By Cori Urban

Special To The Republican

An estimated 6.2 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease, and more than one in nine people (11.3 percent) age 65 and older has Alzheimer’s dementia. Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer’s is the most common cause of dementia. “Alzheimer’s is a specific disease. Dementia is the general term for the set of symptoms including memory loss and changes in thinking and behavior,” explained Meghan Lemay, regional manager of the Western Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Association. “Many different types of dementia exist, and many conditions cause it. Alzheimer’s is a degenerative brain disease that is caused by complex brain changes following cell damage. It leads to dementia symptoms that gradually worsen over time.” November is National Family Caregivers Month, and the Alzheimer’s Association is hosting a series of virtual education programs to help caregivers navigate the challenges of Alzheimer’s and dementia. The Alzheimer’s Association MA/NH Chapter has planned a special calendar of virtual programs, especially for caregivers. Programs include Dementia Conversations with a Caregiver Panel, Holiday Tips, Managing Dementia-Related Behaviors and Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options. Visit alzprograms.org for a complete listing or call the 24/7 Helpline at 800-272-3900 to

learn more. Alzheimer’s disease can be isolating because a caregiver might think he or she may need to spend most or all of his or her time at home caring for the loved one with the disease and miss out on normal social activities and opportunities for engaging in the community. “It can also be isolating because sometimes families are hesitant to share a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s because of the tremendous stigma that is still associated with this disease; sometimes families try to hide the disease for a long time and therefore don’t reach out to friends/ family/ neighbors,” Lemay said. The disease can also be isolating for those living with a diagnosis because the person may not reach out to friends and social networks like he or she once did, or friends may turn their backs on someone living with dementia. “It is extremely helpful when friends or family put effort into reaching out to someone they know living with dementia and offer to socialize, go out to lunch, visit, etc.,” she said. “Our communities are also often not set up to be inclusive of those living with memory loss in the community, even though we know dementia impacts a significant percent of the population. We must work towards reducing the stigma around dementia and this is why it is encouraging to see that the Dementia Friendly movement has taken off and become more widely known.” According to the Dementia Friendly Massachusetts website: “Dementia-friendly communities address the needs specific to their residents, advocating for dementia awareness and providing services, programs and public spaces that support people with dementia and their care partners. Each dementia-friendly community is different. Some towns organize workplace training so professionals can identify and offer solu-

tions to problems commonly encountered with people living with dementia. Other regions focus on introducing programs like memory cafes or respite programs to directly assist people with memory loss. All dementia-friendly communities share one thing:

mer’s reach out to friends, neighbors and extended family members, talk about the disease, help educate others about it and ask for help. She also recommends that individuals living with dementia and caregivers attend support groups that are available

(PHOTOS COURTESY OF THE ALZHEIMER’S ASSOCIATION)

a mission to make their neighborhood inclusive, welcoming those touched by dementia to continue to be active, contributing citizens.” Lemay recommends that families coping with Alzhei-

online, over the phone and in person. “Caregivers should also not feel guilty about taking some time to themselves or having lunch with a friend,” she said. “There are many

resources and services in the community that can help support a family coping with this disease and may provide home care services or Adult Day programs for those living with a diagnosis.” There are more than 16 million family members and friends providing unpaid care to people with Alzheimer’s and other dementias in the United States, Lemay noted. In Massachusetts alone, there are 130,000 people living with the disease, and 281,000 residents serving as unpaid caregivers. “There is also a significant number of people living with younger-onset dementias, meaning they are diagnosed with some form of dementia in their 40s or 50s,” she added. The most common early symptom of Alzheimer’s is trouble remembering new information because the disease usually first impacts the part of the brain associated with learning. As Alzheimer’s advances, symptoms get more severe and include disorientation, confusion and behavior changes. Eventually, speaking, swallowing and walking become difficult. “Alzheimer’s disease typically progresses slowly in three general stages: early, middle and late. Since Alzheimer’s affects people in different ways, each person may experience symptoms — or progress through the stages — differently,” Lemay said. In the early stage of Alzheimer’s, a person may function independently. He or she may still drive, work and be part of social activities. Despite this, the person may feel as if he or she is having memory lapses, such as forgetting familiar words or the location of everyday objects. Middle-stage Alzheimer’s is typically the longest stage and can last for many years. As the disease progresses, the person with Alzheimer’s will require a greater level of care. During the middle stage of Alzheimer’s, the dementia symptoms are more

pronounced; the person may confuse words, get frustrated or angry, and act in unexpected ways, such as not wanting to get dressed. In the final stage of the disease, dementia symptoms are severe. Individuals lose the ability to respond to their environment, to carry on a conversation and, eventually, to control movement. They may still say words or phrases, but communicating becomes difficult. “As difficult and heartbreaking as this disease can feel, many caregivers and individuals living with Alzheimer’s learn to find joy and use this diagnosis as a reason to prioritize planning activities that they enjoy,” Lemay said. “Often this disease is slow moving and allows for time to spend with family, friends and prioritizing your passions. We also strongly recommend reaching out and calling the Alzheimer’s Association, join a support group, educate yourself and your family about helpful caregiving techniques and disease information.” The Alzheimer’s Association is a leader in providing help and hope for people living with the disease and their families. It works on a national and local level to enhance care and support for all those affected by Alzheimer’s and other dementias, offering a number of resources online, in person and on the phone – wherever caregivers are most comfortable accessing information when they need it most. Education programs for the general public, both online and in person, feature information on topics such as diagnosis, warning signs, communication, living with Alzheimer’s disease and caregiving techniques.

The 24/7 Helpline can be reached at 800-272-3900. For more information go to alz.org/manh or alz.org.


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