ANTIQUES: 20th century anchor lights become table lamps, F7
HOME: Washing machines can clean a lot more than clothes, F5
THE GARDEN:
UMass Amherst researchers work to safely relocate native plants to new environments
If native plants are going to survive climate change, they need our help to move.
UMASS AMHERST researchers are uncovering traits that can help plants succeed in new environments while also guarding against invasiveness.
Many native plants in the U.S. cannot possibly move themselves fast enough to avoid climate-change driven extinction. If these native plants are going to have any chance of surviving into the future, they’ll need human help to move into adjacent areas, a process known as “managed relocation.” And yet there’s no guarantee that a plant will thrive in a new area. Furthermore, movement of introduced plants, albeit over much larger distances, is exactly how the problem of invasive species began — think of kudzu-choked forests, wetlands taken over by purple loosestrife or fields ringed by Japanese honeysuckle. Thanks to new research from a pair of ecologists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, we now have a detailed sense of which plant characteristics will help ensure successful relocation while minimizing the risk that the plant causes unwanted ecological harm.
“We know that, because of climate, native species need to move,” says Thomas Nuhfer, lead author of the paper that appeared recently in Global Change Biology and a graduate student in UMass Amherst’s program in organismic and evolutionary biology. “But many of the people working to manage invasive plant species have real concerns about unwit-
tingly contributing to the problem if we start moving native species around.”
“We’ve made the mistake of introducing invasive species so many times in the past,” says Bethany Bradley, professor of environmental conservation at UMass and the paper’s senior author, “and we don’t want to keep making that mistake. But in a changing climate, doing nothing might do even more harm.”
Bradley’s lab has previously shown that confronting the epidemic of invasive species is one of the best ways to prepare, at the local level, for climate change, that numbers of invasive plants are increasing exponentially and, crucially, that plants and animals need to be shifting their ranges by 3.25 kilometers per year just to keep up with the increasing temperatures and associated climactic shifts.
So how to help plants move successfully without risking them causing harm?
“We often use specific plant characteristics — like how quickly a plant grows,
how long it flowers or whether its seeds can be spread by the wind — to determine its risk of becoming invasive,” says Nuhfer. “But these are also traits that could help a native species to survive in a new environment.”
To disentangle which traits could lead to success and which to ecological disaster, Nuhfer and Bradley surveyed a wide variety of papers from restoration and invasion ecology, as well as the plant risk assessments and frameworks that managers in the field often use. What they found is that the same traits help plants to establish themselves in a new location, whether they are invasive species or relocation candidates. However, as plants try to spread and particularly in the impact they have on their new ecologies, the traits for invasives and successful relocation diverge widely.
What this means is that a specific trait, like a high metabolic rate, is helpful when a plant is trying to establish itself, regardless
of if the species is native or invasive. However, there are certain traits, like having a large size, that predispose a plant not only to establishing successfully but spreading wildly and leaving an outsized impact on its new environment.
Additionally, there are some traits, like toxicity, which can help identify poor native species candidates for relocation — traits that don’t
really help the plants establish but do help them spread or cause harm.
Thomas Nuhfer
This suggests that there are certain traits associated with invasiveness, especially those that aid in establishing a plant in a new place, that we should actually be looking for in native species to ensure their survival.
Instead of filtering out those traits, risk assessments should focus on traits like having water dispersed seeds or toxicity, which don’t help plants establish much but do help them spread and cause harm.
“Many of the current risk assessments that managers are using in the field are so risk averse as to guarantee that managed relocation will fail,” says Bradley.
“And if the relocation fails,” adds Nuhfer, “then we’ve wasted all sorts of resources and haven’t helped native plants persist.”
This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center.
Knapweed is recognized as an invasive in much of the United States. Here, spiraled pink petals on a knapweed flower. (SUBMITTED PHOTO)
Lee Reich | In the Garden
Storage conditions are key to seed maintenance
ANYBODY OUT there now sprinkling seeds into mini-furrows in seed flats, flowerpots or repurposed yogurt cups? How many of us are then disappointed when, a few days later, there’s no sign of green sprouts poking up through the brown soil? Or not enough of them.
A green thumb isn’t a prerequisite for growing seedlings indoors to give plants a head start for earlier ripening of tomatoes and peppers or earlier blooms of zinnias or marigolds. Backing up every seed is 350 million years of trial and error; seeds have evolved to sprout. So why, sometimes, don’t they, and how do you right any wrongs?
Seeds are living, breathing creatures and don’t live forever. How long a seed remains viable depends on the kind of seed. Longevity of vegetable seeds under good storage conditions goes from just a year for onion, parsnip and parsley seed to more than four years for seeds of cucumber, lettuce and cabbage and its kin. Most annual flower seeds are good for one to three years, most perennials two to four years.
But don’t take any reports of seed longevities too much at face value. Storage conditions play an important role, with the best conditions being cold and dry. I store my seeds in an airtight tub along with packets of silica gel that I weigh and refresh, if needed, in a microwave oven. The tub winters in my unheated garage and summers in my cool basement or freezer. Next, turn to the soil or, more correctly, the potting mix or potting soil. Don’t sow seeds in garden soil, even good garden soil. Garden soil becomes too sodden in the confines of a container. Purchase or make your own mix. Gather up some bona fide or makeshift containers, and you’re ready to plant. Any container that’s a couple of inches deep with drainage hole in its bottom is suitable. Fill it with the potting mix and gently firm it.
A guideline that I don’t follow rigorously is to plant seeds at a depth approximately four times their thickness. A lighter, airier mix warrants deeper planting, or seeds will dry out too quickly. Still, bigger seeds do warrant deeper planting than smaller seeds. With really tiny seeds, like foxglove or portulaca, I just sprinkle them on the surface, perhaps with a smidgen of potting mix for a very light cover. Tiny seeds have tiny energy reserves, and if planted too deep, they burn up all their energy before peering aboveground to drink in energy-giving light. No matter the depth, right after sowing I firm the seedbed for good contact between seeds and mix.
And then I water. I could water from above with a gentle “rain” from the fine rose of my watering can or hose wand but prefer to minimize washing around the potting mix and seeds, especially small seeds, by watering from below. I set the seed flat or container in a pan with an inch or so of water and let it sit for a few hours. By then the potting mix is saturated with water; lifting the container out of the water and then tipping it at an angle drains excess (gravitational water) from the mix. A pane of glass over the top of the container prevents evaporation to lock in moisture.
All the seeds now need to coax them out of the slumber
GARDEN NOTES
STOCKBRIDGE Upcoming program at Berkshire Botanical Garden
Berkshire Botanical Garden presents the following upcoming programs.
Friday, April 4, “April First Friday Passport Kitchen” with After Hours Kevin Kelly from 5 to 7:30 p.m., is designed to bring excitement and invite curiosity about the culinary world. April’s program will focus on Southeast Asian cuisine with locally sourced ingredients. Cost is $100 members, $120 nonmembers.
is warmth. Each kind of seed has a minimum, a maximum, and an optimum temperature for germination. Unfortunately, it’s not the same for all seeds. Between 70- and 80-degrees Fahrenheit (21-27° C.) strikes a nice balance for all of them. Armed with a thermometer, check out warm spots around your home: perhaps it’s a warm room, the top of a refrigerator, an insulated container along with a periodically refreshed hot water bottle, or near a furnace. Electric seed heating mats are available, some raising the temperature 10° F above ambient, more expensive ones raising the temperature to whatever amount you dial in.
I made my own germination chamber from a Styrofoam cooler along the bottom of which I wired two sockets each with a 15-watt lightbulb. Above the bulbs sits a rack for the seed flats. The bulbs are wired into a thermostat on which I can dial the desired temperature set, always, in my case, set to 80° F. That’s it, except for one final ingredient: patience. Even with ideal conditions, seeds vary in how long they take to germinate.
I check the containers every day and as soon as sprouts appear I uncover and whisk the container to bright light. From then on, lower temperatures — about 10° F. less than germination temperatures — and bright light are ideal.
Fridays, April 4 through 25, 1 to 3 p.m. “Ikebana: A Four Session Series.” Ikebana, the art of Japanese flower arranging, has been practiced for more than 500 years and was originally a part of Buddhist altar decorations. Today, ikebana maintains its connection to traditional arranging but also engages with flowers using modern styles that enable a wide range of expression by the practitioner. This course, led by multimedia artist Brian Mikesell, will explore several modern styles, with historical information provided to contextualize the modern practice within the tradition in this series. In addition, learn about kado, “the way of flowers,” which engages the arranger’s approach, attitudes, and appreciation as part of the practice of ikebana. Apart from the satisfaction of creating a beautiful floral composition that can be shared and appreciated as an artistic expression, Ikebana can contribute to individual wellness through mindfulness, enhanced creativity, connection
to nature, and appreciation for imperfection, minimalism and humanity. The registration fee includes a beginner supply set (kenzan, vase and ikebana scissors), as well as flowers for each class. Cost $285 members, $310 nonmembers;. Saturday, April 5, “Cultivating Mushrooms Outside,” 1 to 3 p.m. Start spring early with a dive into the fungal kingdom on with instructor Willie Crosby. He will teach participants how to inoculate logs, wood chips and stumps for mushroom cultivation in your backyard. Learn the basic information everyone should know about fungi and get hands-on experience doing these easy-to-replicate growing methods. By the end of class, you will be familiar with six different wild mushroom species and three cultivation techniques and have loads of new fungal lore to share with your friends. Cost $45 members, $60 nonmembers, $22.50 Card to Culture. To register or for more information, visit www. berkshirebotanical.org. Berkshire Botanical Garden is located at 5 West Stockbridge Road.
WILBRAHAM Garden Club meeting
The April meeting of the Wilbraham Garden Club will take place Thursday, April 3 at St. Cecelia Parish Center at noon. A sandwich lunch and dessert will be served. The speaker for the meeting will be Tracey Trembley, owner of The Plant Lounge, in Suffield, Connecticut. If you want a plant whose flowers bloom for months?
NOTES, PAGE F10
With water and warmth, this flat of lettuce will germinate quickly. (LEE REICH PHOTO)
Your washing machine can clean a lot more than clothes
By Jolie K err
The Washington Post
LAUNDRY OFTEN ISN’T
what comes to mind when we think of spring cleaning, but it should be — washing machines are deep-cleaning powerhouses that can be used for so much more than just those weekly loads of clothes, sheets and towels. These deep-cleaning tasks needn’t be reserved for springtime — most of these jobs should be performed anywhere from yearly to monthly — but spring is as good a time as any to launder these household objects, many of which get overlooked for cleaning. Before washing anything, check the care tag for guidelines on water temperature, washer cycles and drying recommendations to prevent costly or irreparable damage.
Reusable grocery totes, soft lunch boxes and bags
Reusable bags are great for reducing waste — but they can harbor bacteria that will make you sick if they’re not washed regularly. “Keep your reusable bags fresh by tossing them in the wash,” says Alicia Sokolowski, the president and co-CEO at AspenClean. “It’s an easy way to remove dirt, spills and lingering odors.”
Special instructions: Use the hottest water the item can tolerate, and wash more often than you might think — at least once a month.
Pot holders and oven mitts
“These kitchen essentials handle grease and heat daily,”
Sokolowski says. “Give them a refresh in the washing machine to keep them looking and smelling clean.”
Special instructions: Pretreat set-in stains from grease and food spills before laundering.
Shower curtains and liners
“Toss plastic liners and fabric curtains in the wash to remove soap scum and mildew,”
Sokolowski says. “Add a couple of towels for extra scrubbing power.”
Special instructions: Avoid washing plastic liners in washers with a center agitator, as the fins can tear or shred the material.
Bath mats and bathroom rugs
“Cotton or microfiber mats can usually go in the washer with warm water and a mild detergent,” says Rechelle Balanzat, the founder and CEO of Juliette. “Rubber-backed mats should be air-dried or tumble-dried on low to avoid cracking.”
Bath mitts, loofahs and poufs
When deep cleaning a shower or tub, don’t forget to clean the items that call those places home, like bath mitts, loofahs and poufs. “These can harbor bacteria and mildew if not cleaned regularly,” Balanzat
says. “Toss them into a lingerie bag and wash on a gentle cycle with mild detergent every few weeks. Air dry completely before reusing.”
Winter hats, gloves and scarves
“Machine wash knit and fleece items in cold water with a mild detergent,” Balanzat says, “using a mesh bag to prevent
stretching. Lay flat to dry. For leather or wool gloves, spot clean or dry clean as needed.”
Mattress pads and pillows
“Wash mattress pads every few months using warm water and a gentle cycle to remove dust mites, sweat and allergens. If machine drying, use low heat to prevent shrinkage and keep the padding intact,” Balanzat
says. The same goes for pillows, with the exception of memory foam styles, which should be spot-cleaned instead. “Most synthetic and down pillows can be machine washed using a mild detergent on a gentle cycle. Wash two at a time to balance the machine, and dry thoroughly with dryer balls to prevent clumping.”
These DIY air purifiers could make clean air more accessible during wildfires
By A mudalat Ajasa
The Washington Post
AS WILDFIRES RAGE ACROSS the country, smoke plumes from scorched structures pose a major health threat. Sneaky particles can creep through vents and other home openings, but buying high-quality HEPA filters can be costly and inaccessible for many.
That’s why Richard Corsi, the dean of the College of Engineering at the University of California at Davis, and Jim Rosenthal, the chief executive of Tex-Air Filters, created their do-it-yourself filter. Known as the Corsi-Rosenthal Box, the cost-effective air filter was originally created to filter particles containing infectious viruses in indoor spaces.
According to three studies presented by Corsi at the American Chemical Society on Monday, the Corsi-Rosenthal Box fared significantly better than commercial HEPA-based air cleaners at trapping pathogens, and performed better at containing particles generated by wildfires.
“We’re doing this for far less cost, which allows many more people to actually have access to clean air,” Corsi said. The boxes cost roughly $85 for its materials. By contrast, comparable HEPA-based air purifiers can cost hundreds of dollars.
Wildfire smoke contains a slew of harmful fine particulates, known as PM2.5, which are 30 times smaller than a single human hair and can easily infiltrate the heart and lungs. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, PM2.5 “is the air pollutant of greatest concern to public health from wildfire
Washing
Curtains
Many curtains are washable — check the care tag for cleaning instructions — and, if they can be laundered, Balanzat says to use a cold-water delicate cycle, then air dry to prevent shrinking and other damage.
Special instructions: Vacuum or shake curtains before laundering to remove the top
smoke.”
As climate-change-fueled wildfires increase the number of incidents and places that experience low-air-quality days, the box could make cleaner air accessible to vulnerable populations.
“Underserved communities and marginalized communities oftentimes live in housing that tends to be leakier,” Corsi said, “so there’s going to be a higher exposure to wildfire smoke.” He said more than 1,000 boxes with a single filter were given out to shelters, senior homes and schools across Los Angeles after the recent wildfires.
The materials for the box are simple: a 20-inch box fan for the top, four common household filters for the sides, cardboard, scissors and duct tape. The fan pulls in air through the box’s filtered sides and pushes out clear air through the fan on top.
The key to the box’s success are the filters. Boxes with a MERV-13 rating are able to trap a range of particles, but wildfire smoke particles are smaller than virus particles, dust and mold spores, making them a bit harder to catch in the filter. Even so, research shows the Corsi-Rosenthal Box performs better than other, more expensive air purifiers.
MERV-13 filters have a lower filtration efficiency than HEPA filters, but the box makes up for that deficit with its ability to suck in higher rates of air than other air cleaners, trapping more particles and producing cleaner air faster.
In one study published last July, researchers tested the boxes in 53 classrooms across Arizona and Connecticut for six months. They found that
layer of dust, hair and other buildup.
Pet beds
Experts recommend washing pet beds every two to four weeks to keep odors at bay. When cleaning any of your pet’s belongings, avoid the use of scented products, including detergents, stain treatments, and odor-eliminating sprays or powders.
Special instructions: Vacuum the bed before laundering to remove hair and dan-
PM2.5 concentrations decreased over 43 percent on average and that PM10 concentrations were reduced by nearly 31 percent with the airflow setting on low. Corsi hypothesized that with airflow set at high, fine particulate matter concentrations could be reduced by up to 75 percent.
Children who sat in classrooms with the Corsi-Rosenthal Box experienced cleaner indoor air environments, said Megan Jehn, the study’s lead author.
“Adding a filter to the space increased the amount of time that kids spent, over a cumulative amount of time, in good air quality as opposed to moderate or unhealthy air quality,” said Jehn, a professor at Arizona State University’s School of Human Evolution and Social Change. Jehn now has a grant with the Environmental Protection Agency to mitigate indoor air exposure from wildfire smoke using the Corsi-Rosenthal Box.
The boxes do lose some effectiveness over time, with filtering efficiency diminishing over 30 percent for wildfire
der; use unscented detergent and the hottest water the bed can tolerate.
Pet clothing and accessories
Collars, leashes, sweaters, booties, and other pet clothing and accessories can be machine washed in cold water with unscented detergent. Use a mesh washing bag for leashes and collars to keep them from winding around other items in the load.
smoke particles, with slight variation depending on the type of MERV-13 filter used for the box, over 2,500 hours. Even at that point, the researchers say, the box operates better than a HEPA filter, which needs to be replaced every six months to a year.
Marina Creed, a nurse practitioner at the University of Connecticut Health’s Multiple Sclerosis Center, said she became a believer in the Corsi-Rosenthal box after seeing a social media post about it in 2021. She then created a university-wide program to test the efficiency of the boxes.
“Having clean air has long been associated with being expensive,” said Creed, who encouraged an entire school district in Connecticut to use Corsi-Rosenthal boxes and was recently awarded more than $11 million by the state to give filters to classrooms all over. “I felt very strongly about this prototype as a very significant intervention because it lowers the price for access to clean air.”
Special instructions: Bag small items, and always use unscented laundry products for your pet’s belongings.
Hard plastic toys
Yes, small plastic toys like Legos or action figures can be cleaned in the washing machine. It’s important to bag these little guys up in a mesh washing bag and to pad the drum with towels or other bulky items for protection (and soundproofing!).
Stuffed animals
“Most plush toys can handle a gentle cycle,” Sokolowski says. “It’s a quick way to clean away dust and allergens while keeping favorites fresh.” Wash stuffed animals with other lightweight or delicate items, and place them in a wash bag for extra protection.
Special instructions: Before washing a stuffed animal, mend any tears or holes to prevent the stuffing from coming out.
Washington Post health reporter Lena H. Sun shows the steps in making a doit-yourself box fan air filter, also known as the Corsi-Rosenthal Box.
(MICHAEL ROBINSON CHÁVEZ / THE WASHINGTON POST)
Terry & Kim Kovel | Antiques & Collecting
20th-century anchor lights are now table lamps
NAUTICAL ANtiques are popular decorations. Their appeal has many aspects: a call back to another time; a sense of seafaring adventure; even the durability and practicality of something made to survive the high seas. This pair of copper anchor lights from the early 20th century sold for $384 at an auction by Eldred’s.
Anchor lights, an important safety feature, were made to hang from the top of the highest mast, casting light when the ship was at anchor. Like most models, the lamps shown here have Fresnel lenses, invented in 1822 as a lightweight, efficient way to increase the distance and visibility of the beam cast by a lighthouse.
Many companies manufactured anchor lights, but some, like these, are only marked with the word “Anchor.”
Lamps like these are still made today and still made to burn oil or kerosene. Ships carry them in case they lose electricity. The pair pictured here, however, are electrified and mounted to wooden bases. With their seafaring careers long over, they make an attractive and useful pair of table lamps.
Q. I would like to know the price of some old wooden toys. I have a box of alphabet blocks and a box of Lincoln Logs.
A. Alphabet blocks with carved, molded or painted letters sell for about $15 to $30. Wooden blocks with lithographed paper designs sell for higher prices, especially if they are in their original boxes. Vintage Lincoln Logs sell for similar prices. Like most toys, they are worth more with the original packaging. If you have the packaging for your Lincoln Logs, it may help you determine how old they are. Alphabet blocks and Lincoln Logs are not only classic con-
Nautical-themed decorations are popular. Some examples, like these antique copper anchor lights, were originally made for use at sea. (PHOTO CREDIT: ELDRED’S)
struction toys; they both have connections to a famous family of architects. According to the Strong National Museum of Play in New York, which inducted alphabet blocks into its Toy Hall of Fame in 2003, Frank Lloyd Wright claimed that playing with blocks as a child was what sparked his interest in architecture. His son John, also an architect, invented Lincoln Logs in 1916 and trademarked the name in 1923. He was inspired by the earthquake-resistant construction used in the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, Japan, which his father had designed. Initially, Lincoln Logs were made by John Lloyd Wright’s company, the Red Square Toy Company, and sold through the Montgomery Ward catalog. Playskool bought the company in 1943. The rights to Lincoln Logs went to Milton Bradley in 1968 and Hasbro in 1984. Some sets of plastic logs were made in the 1970s and 1980s, but, other than that, they are always wood.
compatible with other types of records. Edison made disc phonographs and records until 1929.
You can estimate the date of your records by their labels. The earliest Edison discs had the company logo, song title and composer’s name pressed into the disc. The artist’s name was added starting in 1915. The company started using black paper labels in 1921. They changed to white labels in 1923. However, to most collectors, the rarity of a recording is more important than the date of a record.
CURRENT PRICES
Current prices are recorded from antiques shows, flea markets, sales and auctions throughout the United States. Prices vary in different locations because of local economic conditions.
Q. I have an Edison Disc Phonograph made by Thomas A. Edison, Inc. I can’t find any dates on it, but it comes with those heavy, thick records. It needs the cloth for the front where the sound comes out. I would like to know what you think these are worth.
A. Thomas A. Edison, Inc., started selling disc phonographs in 1912. By then, disc records had become much more popular than cylinders. Edison’s early disc records and the phonographs that played them are called Diamond Disc because the phonographs had a hard diamond stylus instead of the steel needle used in most record players.
Edison Diamond Disc records are 10 inches across and 1/4 inch thick, making them much thicker and heavier than other records. They can only be played on Edison Diamond Disc phonographs, and the phonographs are not
Groups of Edison Disc records sell for about $20 to $50. Individual records can be worth anywhere from about $5 to over $150. For more information, look for books like “The Collector’s Guide to Edison Records” by George Copeland and Michael Sherman. Early Edison disc phonographs are worth about $150 to $300, depending on their condition. A collector’s club like the Antique Phonograph Society, antique phono.org, may have more information.
TIP: When rewiring an old lamp, put a dimmer on the cord to turn the lamp on and off. This will protect the original switch and pull chains.
Kovels answers readers’ questions sent to the column. Send a letter with one question describing the size, material (glass, pottery) and what you know about the item. Include only two pictures, the object and a closeup of any marks or damage. Be sure your name and return address are included. By sending a question, you give full permission for use in any Kovel product. Names, addresses or email addresses will not be published. We do not guarantee the return of photographs, but if a stamped envelope is included, we will try. Questions that are answered will appear in Kovels Publications. Write to Kovels, The Republican, King Features Syndicate, 628 Virginia Dr., Orlando, FL 32803 or email us at collectorsgallery@ kovels.com.
Railroad, oil can, Great Northern, cone top, pouring spout, top bail handle, square side handle, marked, the Johnson Mfg. Co., 9 x 8 inches, $50. Meissen, figurine, bird, lark, crested, perching, grasses, round base, Blanc de Chine, crossed swords mark, 19th century, 6 x 4 inches, $65.
Toy, airplane, yellow, pilot figure, felt helmet and jacket, propeller front, wheels, friction, flywheel, Schuco, Germany, 3 x 4 1/2 x 4 inches, $95.
Furniture, cabinet, oak, two short drawers over panel door, molded bracket feet, Germany, 1800s, 40 inches, $125.
Poster, advertising, Les Capitales du Monde, book series, center art nouveau figure, Librarie Hachette, frame, Eugene Grasset, France, c. 1892 50 x 33 inches, $390.
Tiffany silver, demitasse spoons, Audubon pattern, 4 inches, eight pieces, $660.
Pewter, tea set, teapot, coffeepot, sugar and creamer, pitcher, angular wood handles, round tray, handles, wood inset, marked, Royal Holland, six pieces, $865.
Lamp, electric, slag glass, cone shade, panels, caramel slag, metal overlay, pierced flowers, cherubs, blue panels around base, Northwest Aluminum Specialty Co., 23 x 19 1/2 inches, $875.
Pewabic, vase, blue and gold iridescent glaze, shoulders, slightly flared lip, tapered base, 7 3/4 inches, $1,185.
Rug, qum, allover leafy vines, trees, beige field, stylized flower border, Persian, 11 feet 7 inches x 6 feet 6 inches, $1,410.
Average US rate on 30-year mortgage dips to 6.65%
By A lex Veiga Associated Press
The average rate on a 30year mortgage in the U.S. fell slightly this week, a welcome reversal for homebuyers in what’s traditionally the housing market’s busiest time of the year.
The rate fell to 6.65% from 6.67% last week, mortgage buyer Freddie Mac said Thursday. A year ago, the rate averaged 6.79%.
This is the first decline in the average rate after rising two weeks in a row.
The average rate has trended lower since mid-January, when it climbed to just over 7% — a relief for house hunters struggling to afford a home after years of soaring prices.
Borrowing costs on 15-year fixed-rate mortgages, popular with homeowners refinancing their home loans, rose this week, however, pushing the average rate to 5.89% from 5.83% last week.
A year ago, it averaged 6.11%, Freddie Mac said.
Mortgage rates are influenced by factors including bond market investors’ expectations for future inflation, global demand for U.S. Treasurys and the Federal Reserve’s interest rate policy decisions.
The overall decline this year in the average rate on a 30-year mortgage loosely follows moves in the 10-year Treasury yield, which lenders use as a guide to pricing home loans.
The yield, which was nearing 4.8% in mid-January, has mostly fallen since then, reflecting rising unease over the Trump administration’s escalating tariffs on imported goods, which economists warn could drive inflation higher, hurting economic growth. The yield was at 4.37% in midday trading Thursday.
Bond investors demand higher returns as long as inflation remains elevated, so if inflation ticks upward that could translate into
higher yields on the 10-year Treasury note, pushing up mortgage rates.
For now, the economic uncertainty is helping lower mortgage rates, which is encouraging would-be homebuyers just as the spring homebuying season ramps up.
An index tracking applications for loans to buy a home has risen five weeks in a row as of last week, when they climbed 1% from the previous week, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. Home purchase loan applications are 7% higher than they were a year ago.
“Recent mortgage rate stability continues to benefit potential buyers this spring, as reflected in the uptick in purchase applications,” said Sam Khater, Freddie Mac’s chief economist.
The U.S. housing market has been in a sales slump since 2022, when mortgage rates began to climb from pandemic-era lows.
Sales of previously occupied U.S. homes fell last year to their lowest level in nearly 30 years.
Easing mortgage rates and more homes on the market nationally helped drive sales higher in February from the previous month, though they were down year-over-year.
New data suggest sales may increase in coming months. A measure of pending U.S. home sales rose 2% in February from the previous month, though it was down 3.6% from a year earlier, the National Association of Realtors said Thursday.
There’s usually a month or two lag between a contract signing and when the sale is finalized, which makes pending home sales a bellwether for future completed home sales.
“Despite the modest monthly increase, contract signings remain well below normal historical levels,” said Lawrence Yun, NAR’s chief economist.
Deeds
AGAWAM
Daniel J. Isaacson to Alan Lockery and Linda Lockery, 21 Beekman Drive, Unit 21, $260,000.
Hedge Hog Industries Corp., to Stephanie Bowlen, 309 Rowley St., $325,000.
James P. Craven, representative, Kimberly M. Craven, representative, Sara J. Craven, estate, and Sara Jane Craven, estate, to Linda A. Amrich, 99 Hamilton Circle, $350,000.
James St. Peter and Stephanie Bowlen to Michelle LaFleur, 108 Oak Lane, $434,000.
Jeanette D. McDonagh to John Joseph Sullivan and Diane Marie Sullivan, 114 Brookfield Lane, Unit 114, $270,000.
Karen A. Murphy, trustee, John C. Duggan Jr., trustee, and Duggan Irrevocable Trust, trustee of, to Kara M. Ryan and Brandon R. Ryan, 167 Clover Hill Drive, $470,000.
Thomas P. Bennett Jr., and Lindsay M. Bennett to Naf Cash LLC, 18 Patriot Lane, $401,000.
AMHERST
Bernard Kuperwasser, Bridgitte Kuperwasser and Brigitte Kuperwasser to Stephen A. Kelly and Annie B. Kelly, 26 Bedford Court, $225,000.
William J. Cray III, and Sabine H. Cray to Sabine H. Cray, trustee, and Revocable Indenture of Trust of Sabine H. Cray, 34 McIntosh Drive, $100.
Thomas C. Levy, Thomas Charles Levy, Haleya J. Priest and Haleya J.M. Priest to Thomas Charles Levy, trustee, Haleya J.M. Priest, trustee, Thomas Charles Levy Revocable Trust, and Haleya J.M. Priest Revocable Trust, 89 Pulpit Hill Road, $100.
Wendy McDowell and Aaron DeGraff to Nikolai Wright and Hannah Kennedy Wright, 747 South East St., $355,000.
BELCHERTOWN
Todd Kibbe to Todd Kibbe and Marciline Canton, 155 Cold Spring St., $100.
William J. Kennedy and Sandra M. Kennedy to Christopher J. Kennedy and Elizabeth M. Teixeira, 2 Keith Ave., $100.
Gregory C. Titus, trustee, Gail S. Titus, trustee, and Titus Family Trust to Ding Yu and Weihong Fan, 90 Bardwell St., $715,000.
LaFluer & Son Inc., and L.J. Development LLC, to Proform Construction Inc., Franklin Street, $75,000.
Richard S. Zych, Janice M. Zych, Timothy R. Zych and Kristie Zych to Karen R. Mercier, North Washington Street, $2,500.
Joseph A. Moreau to Joshua Moynahan and Chelsea Moynahan, 37 Juckett Hill Drive, $475,000.
JJB Builders Corp., to Bimpe O. Nwabunor, 441 State St., $394,900.
BERNARDSTON
Marsha E. Pratt to William G. Montiglio, trustee of the William G. Montiglio Family Trust, Fox Hill Road, $5,000.
BLANDFORD
Evergrain Orchard LLC, to Deirdre Marie Riordan, 21 Kaolin Road, $265,000.
BRIMFIELD
Alfred Daprato, trustee, and Fredap Realty Trust, trustee of, to Yongqiang Wang, 87 Lyman Barnes Road, $450,000.
CHARLEMONT
E&D Landscaping & Construction Inc., to Robert M. Aguiar, 53 Schaefer Way, $53,000.
CHESTER
Thomas L. Engwer III, and Karalyn Engwer to Gregory John Smith and Stephanie Ann Smith, 166 Bromley Road, $445,000.
CHESTERFIELD
Margaret M. Allard, Margaret Allard, Bryan M. Pringle and Sean J. Pringle to Catherine A. Messick and David P. Heilman, 11 Damon Pond Road, $300,000.
CHICOPEE
Doreen R. Lapan to Lindsay Lapan and Christopher Bergeron, 92 Nelson St., $225,000.
Chicopee Property Management LLC, to Mohammad Waras Mian, Empire St., Lot 2, $110,000.
Mary Ann Lehenry to Shawn Thebodo Jr., 213 Clarendon Ave., $247,500.
Michael Placella to JLX 3 Properties LLC, 22-24 Leslie St., $481,000.
Molly E. Kenefick, Mary Kenefick and Robert Levy to Lawrence A. Labrie and Louise A. Labrie, 19 Oakhill Circle, Unit 3, $415,000.
Nicholas Ayala to Nicholas Gray and Paige Nemeth, 46 Rzasa Drive, $329,900.
Norma Hernandez to Gregory Michael Amor and Rebecca Louise Amor, 16 Factory Place, $299,990.
Phantom Holdings LLC, to Eyder S. Lopez and Melia E. Perez, 60-62 Walnut St., $515,000.
Roxanne Furgal to Richard Starsiak, 124 Deslauriers St., $150,000.
Thomas R. Maynard and Donna Maynard to Lachenauer LLC, 12 Leary Ave., $305,000.
CUMMINGTON
Ryan E. Morich and Kirsti A. Morich to Chelsea C. Faria, 18 Plainfield Road, $380,000.
DEERFIELD
Joseph Arshawsky to Jane Serena Mezoff, 5A Adams Court, Unit 25 Commons of Deerfield, $330,000.
Ann E. Thompson to Patrick O. Thompson, 12 Thayer St., $365,000.
EAST LONGMEADOW
Horace Parker and Deborah Parker to Chestnut Hill Homes LLC, 7 Dewey Ave., $200,000.
Michael D. Ketterman and Leila Ketterman to Cameron Ottoson, 142 Gates Ave., $300,000.
EASTHAMPTON
Elizabeth K. Frechette to Jennifer Horne and Ryan Horne, 13 River Valley Way, $655,000.
Tasty Top Development LLC, to Greenfield Savings Bank, 1 Sierra Vista Boulevard, $1,650,000.
Deeds
GOSHEN
Fannie Mae, Federal National Mortgage Association and Boston National Title Agency LLC, attorney-in-fact, to Daniel Knox, 56 Ball Road, $330,000.
GRANBY
Angela Lussier and Thomas Paul Silva to Andre J. Sample and Jenna Lyn Sample, 147 Carver St., $575,000.
GRANVILLE
Lynne A. Thibault to Christopher Robare, 432 Main Road, $395,000.
GREENFIELD
Arthur Morgan and Tammy Sachse to Douglas Ruopp and Sara Ruopp, 100 Fairview St. E, $325,000.
HATFIELD
John F. Langhans and Dereka Smith to John F. Langhans, trustee, Dereka Smith, trustee, John F. Langhans Revocable Trust and Dereka Smith Revocable Trust, 5 The Jog, $100.
HEATH
Erin MacLachlan and Adam Williams to Gregory Landua, 47 Vincent Road. “aka” 4 Vincent Road, $75,000.
HOLLAND
Hope Martel Brothers, trustee, and Hamilton Reservoir Cabin Trust, trustee of, to Tyler S. Martel, 70 Sturbridge Road, $250,000.
HOLYOKE
Ellen Boynton LLC, to Cold Summer LLC, 89 South St., $325,000.
Joshua A. Olmstead, Rylie B. Olmstead and Shay R. Olmstead to John C. Areche, 77-79 Pearl St., $335,000.
Mary E. Wielgosz Sharpe, David Wielgosz, trustee, Kristine Wielgosz, Christine Wielgosz, Stanley Wielgosz and Henry J. Wielgosz Jr., to Kheper LLC, 0 Chestnut Street, $350,000.
Nicholas P. Boccio to Alyson Locke, 8 Maple Crest Circle, $181,900.
Western Mass Demolition Corp., to Its About Time Logistics LLC, 160 Middle Water St., $45,000. William A. Swan, representative,
William Swan, representative, Robert Swan, estate, Susan P. Normandin, Keith A. Swan and Sandra C. Swan to Robert J. Schroeter, 86 Sycamore St., $175,000.
HUNTINGTON
Douglas G. Bliss and Deborah A. Gifford to Daniel Roy and Sandra Roy, 7 Pond Brook Road, $334,000.
LONGMEADOW
Linda C. Amrich to Jonathan Thomas Mancuso and Samantha Lee Carliell, 151 Meadow Road, $307,000.
Matthew Sandler and Catherine Sandler to Zhenyan Chen, 1112 Williams St., $699,900.
LUDLOW
Abel Goncalves to Hedge Hog Industries Corp., 0 Church Street, $125,000.
Dans Construction Service Inc., to Xiao J Liu, 35 Turning Leaf Road, $945,000.
Erika G. Chelkonas to Jorge S. Teixeira and Mackline Bastien, 330 Miller St., $310,000.
Jennifer Perez and William Perez to Michael Zina, 23 Norwich Road, $390,000.
Ronald J. Haber, Sandra Haber Jones, Cindy Sklarski, representative, and Theodore Kwiatkowski, estate, to Joseph M. Ribeiro, Christine Ribeiro and Kara A. Ribeiro, 0 Lyon Street, Par 4, $30,000.
MIDDLEFIELD
Terry A. McCarthy and Michael B. McCarthy to William McCarthy, trustee, and MTM Irrevocable Trust, River Road and 65 East River Road, $100.
MONSON
Silar Distressed Real Estate - I LP, to Roberto G. Botta and Camilla C. Matthieu, 32 Green St., $267,500.
Peter A. Butler and Laurie D. Butler to Marco Cuoco, 16 Paradise Lake Road, $662,000.
Richard L. Turnbull and Michelle A. Turnbull to William Manegre Jr., and Kristal S. Bready, 2 Betty Jean Drive, $404,000.
NORTHAMPTON
Rebecca Carson-Eisenman and Tyler Carson-Eisenman to Tyler Carson-Eisenman, 82 Pines Edge Drive, $176,500.
Suzanne Whitman, trustee, and Richard J. Barrett Revocable Trust to Timothy Michael Gorts and Nichole Michelle Gorts, 231
Brookside Circle, $355,000.
Caroline Kenny to 4050 Old Wilson LLC, 40 Old Wilson Road and 50 Old Wilson Road, $100.
Sarah Zlotnik and Noah T. Winer to Emily Gladstone and Jeremiah Turits, 4 Warfield Place, $660,000.
ORANGE
Brooke Coleman and Patrick Connors to Sidia Maricela Escobar and Carmen Mouzon, 30 Athol Road, $120,000.
Kimberly Hayes Bardsley, “aka” Kimberly Bardsley, “aka” Kimberly Ann Hayes, and Sean T. Bardsley, “aka” Sean Bardsley, to Heather McDaid and Timothy Forrest Richter, 244 East Road, $625,000.
Robin Burke and Thomas F. Burke Jr., to Angela M. Verheyen and Charles Verheyen II, 74 Packard Road and Packard Road, $230,000.
Virginia Realty Inc., to Michael A. Candelora and Susan A. Candelora, 288 East Main St., $279,900.
PALMER
Carlie Ferry to Kenneth Burgos and Mckenna Burgos, 16 Holbrook St., $307,000.
Sunshine Apartments Inc., to Tessa Baldracchi, 74A James St., $355,000.
Terry L. Hammerle to Gabriella Potenti and Patrick Wilbur, 58 Water St., $228,000.
PLAINFIELD
Caleb Alvord, Jocelyn Alvord and Jocelyn Walsh to David Alvord and Linda Alvord, Old South Street, $50,000.
SOUTH HADLEY
Leonia S. Todd to Brent Todd, 90 Main St., $100.
Leonia S. Todd to Brent Todd, Main Street and School Street, $100.
SOUTHAMPTON
Christopher Dunham and Leta Dunham to Christopher Dunham and Leta Dunham, 86 Strong Road, $100.
David A. Dilisio and Francine Dilisio to Sean M. Stockler and Robin M. Stockler, 271 College Highway, $560,000.
SPRINGFIELD
Amber Anderson to Rachel L. Christensen, 51 Clough St., $262,000.
Bronze Monkey Enterprises LLC, trustee, and Trust Unit 502
Mulberry Street Realty (TR OF) to Donald F Edwards (JR) and Linda A Edwards, 101 Mulberry St Unit 502, $91,000.
Catherine J. Romanowski and Peter C. Gaffney to Nelson Cabrera, 267-269 Redlands St., $376,000.
Center For Ecotechnology Inc., to Behavioral Health Network Inc., 83-95 Warwick St., $1,675,000.
Christine Surprenant, representative, and Kathleen N. Surprenant, estate, to Mason D. Rock, 35 Sargon St., $210,000.
Cornerstone Homebuying LLC, to Angel N. Torres and Kathleen Martinez, 207 Lamont St., $290,000.
Daniel C. Flechsig and Caroll A. Flechsig to Veteran Stan LLC, 124 Hudson St., $200,000.
Dominic Santaniello, trustee, Lucas Giusto, trustee, and Naples Home Buyers Trust, trustee of, to AJV Investments LLC, 77 Drexel St., $207,000.
Edward Barnett Jr., representative, Mary Louise Barnett, estate, Mary Lou Barnett, estate, and Rex A. Barnett, beneficiary, to Edward Barnett Jr., 32 Amore Road, $50,000.
Emtay Inc., to Alexander Bonilla, 50 Revere St., $295,000.
Erica D. Percy and Christopher J. Charbonneau to Robert Blake, 78 Helberg Road, $279,000.
Family & Developments LLC, to Helen Williams, 1127 Berkshire Ave., $280,000.
Fannie Mae and Federal National Mortgage Association to Nadezda Bondarenko and Tatiana Bondarenko, 69 Chapin Terrace, $269,000.
Fern E. Gibeau to Pah Properties LLC, 48 Lawnwood St., $160,000.
Francheska Deleon and Luis J. Ramos-Cintron to Francheska Deleon, 59 Wrenwood St., $75,000.
Gage B. Terlik to Dwayne Burey, 150 Lang St., $268,500.
Gary A Kelley, representative, and Gary F. Kelley, estate, to David O. Maud and Robert H. Frazier, 43 Jamestown Drive, $224,999.
H P Rum LLC, to 4Spring Investments LLC, 66-68 Fort Pleasant Ave., $1,435,000.
H P Rum LLC, to Blake Hill LLC, 49-51 Fort Pleasant Ave., $2,812,500.
Jahayra Munoz to Oswaldo E. Subillaga and Sarah E. Subillaga, 111 Manchester Terrace, $283,000.
James W. Ebersold and Shannon Ebersold to Round Two LLC, 21-23 Howes St., $223,500.
Juan Carlos Robles-Diaz to Liana Figueroa, 178 Flint St., $352,500.
Krystal Hawkins and Margaret Kennedy to Gillian S. Murphy and Fabio Valenti Possamai, 98 Plum-
tree Road, $325,000.
Laurie Jackson to Jennie Grimaldi-Benoit, 76 Canterbury Road, $265,000.
Laurie L. Dupuis and Matthew J. Dupuis to Janett V. Sergeant, 204 Arthur St., $215,000.
Marcia R. Peterson Radner and Lawrence M. Radner to William O. Torres and Roselys Torres, 122 Spear Road, $285,000.
Maria C. Suarez to Nancy Vandermyn, 1722 Carew St., $271,500.
Moltenbrey Builders LLC, to Jeremy C. Merritt and Anastasia Merritt, 128 Tiffany St., $304,000.
Pah Properties LLC to Iris Velez, 118 Ontario St., $309,000.
Posiadlosc LLC, to Kesean Mason, 237 East St., $230,000.
RBT Enterprise LLC, and H P Rum LLC, to Blake Hill LLC, 0 N S Mill Steet, $2,187,500.
Robert F. Holmes, estate, and Danielle N. Holmes, representative, to Pedro Gonzalez and Adrian Gonzalez, 6 County St., $209,450.
Robert J. Kelly to H&F Properties Inc., 0 Pine Street, $35,000.
WARE
Jesse King Jr., to Jimeana Richardson, 20 Church St., $100.
WENDELL
Lynne C. Davis, Brandon Reed, Cailyn Reed and Douglas B. Tanner to George L. Goodridge III, Jennison Road and Locks Hill Road, $100.
George L. Goodridge III, to Douglas B. Tanner and Lynne C. Davis, Jennison Road and Locks Hill Road, $100.
George L. Goodridge III, to Brandon Reed and Cailyn Reed, Jennison Road and Locks Hill Road, $100.
WEST SPRINGFIELD
Brian P. Despard and Joanne M. Despard to Joseph Knight and Alli Casey Stokowski, 369 Rogers Ave., $465,000.
James M. McNeill and James McNeill to Burhan Holdings One LLC, 43-47 West School St., $350,000. Jennie Grimaldi-Benoit to Kianny Fernandes and Evan James Fernandes, 93 Greystone Ave., $326,000.
Matthew Lasonde, representative, Glen P. Boisjolie, estate, Glenn Boisjolie, estate, and Glenn P. Boisjolie, estate, to Robert J. Schroeter, 24 City View Ave., $150,000.
Robert J. Schroeter to Dreamwake Homes Inc., 24 City View Ave., $180,000.
Consider planting an extra row for the hungry in your garden this spring
By Jessica Damiano Associated Press
IF YOU’RE GEARING UP to plant fruits, vegetables or herbs this spring, why not grow some extra to donate to your local soup kitchen or pantry?
The national Plant a Row for the Hungry campaign, launched in 1995, has been encouraging home and community gardeners to do just that every year to help feed neighbors in need of fresh food.
The program was spearheaded in 1995 by Anchorage Daily News garden columnist Jeff Lowenfels, who wrote a column encouraging his readers to plant extra crops and donate their harvests.
After seeing the impact that his column had on local food donations, Lowenfels partnered with GardenComm International, then known as Garden Writers of America, to enlist garden columnists all over the country to promote the cause in their own communities.
Notes
CONTINUES FROM PAGE F4
Then, you will love orchids. Tracey will share her methods for keeping orchids healthy and blooming multiple times. Having problems with an orchid? Bring in your “problem” orchid and you may be one of the lucky ones Tracey selects to demonstrate common orchid problems.
WEST SPRINGFIELD Garden club scholarships
The West Springfield Garden Club is pleased to announce that two $2000 scholarships are available for qualified high school seniors or post-secondary students during the spring of 2025. Applicants must be West Spring-
Since then, more than 20 million pounds of produce, providing more than 80 million meals, have been donated through the campaign by home gardeners.
“All of this has been achieved without government subsidy or bureaucratic red tape — just people helping people,” according to organizers on the campaign’s website. And there’s no big advertising campaign, either — just garden columnists and their readers spreading the word.
If everyone reading this column planted one extra row and donated its harvest, together we could have an impact on hunger.
So, what do you say?
To participate, plant an extra row or container (or, if you’re short on space or resources, even just one additional plant) and donate its harvest to your local food pantry, soup kitchen, house of worship or informally to a neighbor who could use it.
If you’d like to help even
field residents. Scholarships are available for students with a focus of study in one or more of the following areas: Horticulture, Agriculture, Ecology, Botany, Environmental Studies, Landscape Design or Forestry. Applicants must submit a completed application along with a written one-page document which explains their plans for after graduation in any of the above -mentioned fields and how the grant will assist in their career choice. Applications forms are available at the Guidance Offices of Lower Pioneer Valley Educational Collaborative, West Springfield High School, or on the West Springfield Garden Club web site, www. wwsgardenclub.org. Applicants from WSHS or LPVEC will submit their completed application and written entry to their Guid-
If you’d like to help even more, consider starting your own Plant a Row campaign with friends, neighbors or co-workers
more, consider starting your own Plant a Row campaign with friends, neighbors or co-workers and plant individually or at the office, in a community garden, school garden, prison garden — whatever garden you have at your disposal.
If you need help getting started, GardenComm.org has posted steps for running your own campaign and a listing of existing campaigns to
ance Office. Postsecondary student applicants can submit their materials directly to: WSGC Scholarship Committee, c/o West Springfield Park and Recreation, 26 Central St. suite 19, West Springfield, MA 01089.
All applications must be received by the Scholarship Committee by April 11.
The successful candidates will be notified via mail in mid-May.
HAMPDEN Garden club meeting
The Hampden Garden Club April meeting will be held on Thursday, April 17, 7 p.m. at Academy Hall on Main St. The program for the evening “Intro to the Cut Flower Garden.” Becky Sadlowski will speak on growing colorful,
Steven Sands Jr., to Jacqueline R. White and Berlin White, 16 Pine St., $294,845.
WESTFIELD
ARPC LLC, to Robert Greenberg III, 20 South Maple St., $300,000. Cooper Family Trust, trustee of, Valerie L. Cooper, trustee, and Bruce A. Cooper II, trustee, to Walter Stepchuk, 0 Great River Boulevard, $350,000.
Juan Villanueva-Lopez to Madison A. Quinn and Brady J. Maroni, 17 Prospect St., $371,000.
Stephanie A. Smith, Stephanie A. Marsh and Greg Smith to Wojciech Michal Kochanczyk, 15 Sunflower Lane, Unit B, $263,000.
join in your state and town. But it’s not necessary to join a group. To find food drop-off sites near you, visit AmpleHarvest.org and plug in your zip code.
Before dropping off food, call the organization to confirm they accept perishables (soup kitchens are generally more likely to have the refrigeration necessary for storage than pantries or food banks, but there may be exceptions).
home grown cut flowers. Becky and her husband founded “Rooted Flowers,” a specialty cut flower farm in Agawam.
MONSON Garden club scholarship
The Monson Garden Club has announced that two $500 scholarships are available to high school seniors who reside in Monson and plan to continue school at a 2- or 4-year college to study in any branch of the life, natural, or environmental sciences. Applications with instructions may be obtained through their school guidance office and are due by April 29.
Send items for Garden Notes to pmastriano@repub.com two weeks prior to publication.
Theresa Campbell, representative, Jeni Paquette and Joseph P. Paquette, estate, to MVP RE Investments LLC, 29 Fowler St., $175,000.
WESTHAMPTON
Travis J. Garner and Joia P. Garner to Michael Don Abney and Michelle Dawn Abney, 29 Loudville Road, $450,000.
Suzanne M. Krafft and Joseph M. Bykowski to Joia Garner and Travis Garner, 44 Burt Road, $410,000.
WILBRAHAM
Joseph L. Roche and Joan P. Roche to 2632 Boston Road LLC, 2632 Boston Road, $425,000.
Kathleen A. Fuss to Kathleen Ann Fuss and Michael Dean Fuss, 14 Wagon Drive, $100.
Robert Jackson Jr., to Marcin Dawid Marszalek, 9 Butler Road, $290,000.
WORTHINGTON
Timothy A. Day, Timothy A. Day, trustee, and Timothy A. Day Living Trust to Jason P. Tomaskowicz and Kiley A. Tomaskowicz, 199 Old Post Road, $550,000.
Mary Downey Costello, James S. Downey and Kevin R. O’Connor to Mary Downey Costello, Old North Road, $100.
Mary Downey Costello, James S. Downey and Kevin R. O’Connor to James S. Downey and Kevin R. O’Connor, Old North Road, $100.
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PUBLIC AUCTION
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FRI, APRIL 4, AT
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