Cuarto Reporte del RETC - versión en inglés - 2008 by RETC

2008 REPORT ON POLLUTANT RELEASE AND TRANSFER REGISTERS, PRTR ÂŠ 2010 Ministerio del Medio Ambiente (Ministry of the Environment) Teatinos 254/258, Santiago de Chile. Editor: Statistics and Environmental Information Department, Studies Division. Cover design: ____________________ Printing of this report completed in the month of_______________________ Impreso en Chile / Printed in Chile

TEAM Marcos Serrano, Ministry of the Environment Daniel Figueroa, Ministry of the Environment Walter Folch, Ministry of Health Gonzalo Aguilar, Ministry of Health Gabriel Zamorano, Superintendence of Sanitary Services Rubén Triviño, Transport Planning Secretariat Daniela Basaure, General Directorate of Maritime Territory and the Merchant Marine Dharmo Rojas, National Institute of Statistics Jaime Escobar, SISTAM Ingeniería Consultants Hugo García, SISTAM Ingeniería Consultants Lincoln Norambuena, SISTAM Ingeniería Consultants

INTRODUCTION Since the adoption of Agenda 21 at the Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), there has been international recognition of the need for pollutant emission inventories. To this end, the Agenda mandates the improvement of databases and information systems on substances and pollutants. Likewise, the Agenda recognizes the community’s right to information. As a consequence, there has been a change worldwide from command and control policies to policies designed to involve all stakeholders, generating tools such as Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs), which include emissions inventories for multiple media (water, air, soil), providing a broader perspective on the environmental condition of a country and enabling decision-making based on more and better information. The OECD has encouraged this requirement through a specific recommendation to its member countries to implement a PRTR. Thus, the PRTR implemented in Chile has become a national repository for information on pollutant emissions and transfers, the primary objective of which is to reduce the risks posed by these contaminants to the population. The public and private sectors have worked together to improve information collection and dissemination systems. This has created greater awareness among citizens about the risks to which they are exposed and provides regular, updated information to improve environmental management and the design and monitoring of environmental policies. An event of major importance to the country this year was the implementation in October of the new institutional framework for the environment, as established by Law N° 20,417. In this law, the PRTR is stipulated as a permanent function of the Ministry of the Environment, supporting the management of four of the key areas for the institution: air, solid waste, climate change and water. Dissemination of PRTR information by key area With respect to AIR, the PRTR contains an inventory, updated annually, of fixed air sources from more than 7,000 facilitiies. It also generates an annual inventory of mobile sources in the transport sector (more than 2 million vehicles) for the largest cities in the country, where more than 80% of the population lives. This data is used to prepare or revise the emissions standards and to determine latent and saturated zones as well as to design prevention and decontamination plans. Compliance with emissions standards and decontamination plans are then published in the PRTR report, so that the public has access to this information. Regarding SOLID WASTE, Law N° 20,417 stipulates that the PRTR must register and systematize the nature, volume and destination of solid waste which has been generated. With respect to CLIMATE CHANGE, since 2005 the PRTR estimates the emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere at the emitting facility level, using the IPCC’s methodologies. This information, along with data generated by the Ministry's Climate Change Department, enables preparation of GHG inventories, which are the basis for areas of work and actions both domestically and internationally on this subject. Finally, for WATER, the PRTR publishes registries detailing compliance with the three emissions or discharge standards which are currently in force in the country (Supreme Decrees 90, 46 and 609). This information is also used to prepare or revise emissions standards. 3

Dissemination of PRTR information by environmental management instruments With its entrance into the OECD, Chile must now monitor its environmental policies through a questionnaire on the state of the environment. A set of environmental indicators has been established for this purpose. The PRTR is used as an information tool about fixed and mobile sources of emissions for the air component. With the future implementation of its one-stop shop, the PRTR will be the repository of information on emissions into water and the transfer of liquid industrial waste (LIW) and solid waste. The PRTR will also be the source of information on the status of these components. It should also be noted that all OECD countries must report air, water and soil emissions by production sectors to the OECD’s PRTR network data center, a mandate with which Chile has been complying since 2009. Regarding the community’s right to information, in partnership with the NGOs which participate in the PRTR (Fundación Terram and Greenpeace), we have developed a National Strategy for Skills Development in Non-governmental Organizations and Civil Society (Estrategia Nacional para la Generación de Capacidades en Organizaciones no Gubernamentales y en la Sociedad Civil) for managing PRTR information. This has included workshops to publicize and give training in the use of the tool in different regions of the country. As part of the implementation of this strategy, we have published manuals, posters and brochures, and have carried out awareness campaigns in the Metro and on local radio stations in various regions around the country. We have trained monitors whose mission is to disseminate the use of this tool in their communities, with which we have direct communication through the PRTR Citizen Portal (Portal Ciudadano del RETC). In the area of local environmental management, municipalities which belong to the Municipal Environmental Certification System (Sistema de Certificación Ambiental Municipal) are being trained to use the PRTR. We have carried out two training campaigns (2006 and 2009) in all regions of the country with the industrial sectors which report to the PRTR, to support their pollutant emissions and transfer declarations. We will also publish a PRTR user manual for the industrial sector, which is being validated by industry associations through workshops to be held in the northern, central and southern parts of the country. This joint effort is being carried out by the Ministry of the Environment and the Federation of Production and Commerce (Confederación de la Producción y el Comercio) and the Chilean Federation of Industry (SOFOFA). We hope to be able to replicate the experiences of countries which have had a PRTR for more than two decades. They have shown that PRTR information has motivated companies to act by increasing process efficiency, eliminating unnecessary costs and reducing environmental hazards. The industrial sectors of these countries have shown that a PRTR has more impact than many regulatory programs, even when the PRTR does not require environmental improvements. Simply having this information available encourages companies to take pollution prevention actions. Finally, it is important to note that with the debut of the new institutional framework, new organizations have been created, each of which has independent attributes and functions: The Ministry of the Environment, the Environmental Assessment Service (Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental) and the Superintendence of the Environment (Superintendencia del Medio Ambiente). The PRTR resides within the Ministry of the Environment, as has been mentioned, but this tool may be a valuable element enabling these new institutions to fulfill their obligations. The PRTR could support the Environmental Assessment Service’s baseline information on the projects submitted to the Environmental Impact Assessment System (Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental, or SEIA), which is available to the public and 4

georeferenced. For the Superintendent of the Environment, through its one-stop shop, the PRTR could be used to provide information to the National System of Environmental Enforcement Information (Sistema Nacional de Información de Fiscalización Ambiental) with reports from regulated sectors which must comply with emissions standards, decontamination plans, and compliance with the emissions and transfer conditions of Environmental Qualification Resolutions (Resoluciones de Calificación Ambiental, or RCA).

MARÍA IGNACIA BENÍTEZ MINISTER OF THE ENVIRONMENT

LIST OF ACRONYMS AGMTP: ASIQUIM: ASRM: CAS: CAS_Number: ISIC: CNE: CONAF: CONAMA: CONAMA RM: CORFO:

Land Transport Association (Asociación Gremial de Transporte Terrestre) Chemical Industry Association (Asociación de la Industria Química) Metropolitan Region Sanitary Authority (Autoridad Sanitaria Región Metropolitana) Chemical Abstracts Service (Division of the American Chemical Society) Numeric code assigned to chemical substances by the Chemical Abstracts Service International Standard Industrial Classification National Energy Commission (Comisión Nacional de Energía) National Forestry Corporation (Corporación Nacional Forestal) National Environmental Commission (Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente) National Environmental Commission: Metropolitan Region Chilean Economic Development Agency (Corporación de Fomento y de la Producción) DGA: General Water Directorate (Dirección General de Aguas) DIRECTEMAR: General Directorate of Maritime Territory and the Merchant Marine (Dirección General del Territorio Marítimo y de Marina Mercante) ENIA: Annual National Industry Survey (Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual) ENVIRONMENT Ministry of the Environment of Canada CANADA: GNC: National Coordination Group (Grupo Nacional Coordinador) INE: National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas) MIDEPLAN: Ministry of Planning MINSAL: Ministry of Health MTT: Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications MODEM: Mobile Source Emissions Model MOP: Ministry of Public Works MINSEGPRES: Ministry Secretary General of the Presidency OECD: Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development PRTR: Pollutant Release and Transfer Register LIWs: Liquid industrial waste RM: Santiago Metropolitan Region SAG: Agriculture and Livestock Service (Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero) SAIE: Atmospheric Emissions Inventories Management System ODS: Ozone Depleting Substances SEC: Superintendent of Electricity and Fuels (Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles) SECTRA: Interministerial Transport Planning Secretariat (Secretaría Interministerial de Planificación de Transporte) SEIA / EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment System (Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental) SEMAT: Environment and Territory Secretariat, Ministry of Public Works GIS: Geographic Information Systems SIGAA: Georeferenced Environmental Aquatic Information System (Sistema de Información Georreferenciado Ambiental Acuático) SII: Chilean Internal Revenue Service (Servicio de Impuestos Internos) SISS: Superintendent of Sanitary Services (Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios) UNITAR: United Nations Institute for Training and Research USEPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency

Table of Contents 1. SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 8 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION .................................................................................. 8 2.1 General introduction to the PRTR .............................................................................. 8 2.2 International framework ....................................................................................... 9 2.3 Implementation in Chile ............................................................................................ 9 2.4. Benefits of the PRTR ................................................................................................ 11 2.5. Proposed solution .................................................................................................... 14 2.6. Principles of the Plan of Action for implementing the PRTR in Chile ...................... 15 2.7. What INFORMATION is included in the PRTR? ........................................................ 16 2.8. List of substances included in the PRTR .................................................................. 19 2.9. Reporting thresholds and reporting sectors ........................................................... 25 2.10. Validation of information in the PRTR ................................................................... 25 2.11. Legal aspects of the dissemination of information ............................................... 27 3. POLLUTANT RELEASE AND TRANSFER REPORT ....................................................... 28 3.1. Statistics on atmospheric emissions from fixed sources ......................................... 28 3.2. Statistics of mobile sources in the largest cities of Chile ........................................ 45 3.3. Liquid Waste Emission Statistics.............................................................................. 56 3.4. Statistics from the Hazardous Waste Reporting and Monitoring System (Sistema de Declaraciรณn y Seguimiento de Residuos Peligrosos, SIDREP) ......................................... 79 4. REPORT ON COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ....................... 88 4.1 Air Emissions ............................................................................................................. 88 4.2. Liquid Waste ............................................................................................................ 96 4.3. Solid Hazardous Waste .......................................................................................... 104 4.4. The Montreal Protocol (ODS) ................................................................................ 105 5. PRTR Indicators ..................................................................................................... 107 A. Performance or Management Indicators ................................................................. 107 B. Environmental Indicators ......................................................................................... 115 6. UPCOMING STEPS FOR THE PRTR ......................................................................... 126 APPENDIX Nยบ 1 National Coordination Group.............................................................. 128 APPENDIX Nยบ 2 Glossary of Terms................................................................................ 129 APPENDIX 3 LIST OF PRTR POLLUTANTS ...................................................................... 145

1. SCOPE This document is the fourth report on the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) made available to the national and international communities in order to guarantee adequate public access to all the information on release and transfer of pollutants that is available to environmental authorities for the years 2005-2008. By publishing this document, the Ministry of the Environment and the National PRTR Coordinating Group are complying with the obligations undertaken in the context of the Chilean National Proposal for Implementing the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register and its Plan of Action.

2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1 General introduction to the PRTR A Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) is a database or register containing information on the release and transfer of potentially harmful chemicals into the environment. The PRTR includes information on the nature and quantities of releases and transfers. The data for Chile correspond to stationary (industrial) sources and diffuse (transportation) sources. The Register covers chemicals released into air and water, as well as hazardous residues transported for treatment or final disposal.

Key features of the PRTR include the following: Regular collection of information on pollutant releases and transfers, obtained from compliance procedures related to Chilean emissions standards, which make it possible to identify changes over time. The use of estimation methods (for example, use of balances of materials and estimation factors) to generate information on emissions and transfers; The use of common identifiers for chemicals, facilities, and locations, for ease of data comparison, and for expanding the relevant database; Information is stored in a digital format, for ease of analysis; Dissemination of the information for use in environmental management.

Government Organization

Sources

Reports and Estimates

Water Soil

Dissemination to User

Internet (Website) Printed Reports

Air Trans

CD Systematization and Standardization of Data

Telephone Assistance

2.2 International framework Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and the adoption of Agenda 21, interest has grown on the part of the international community and individual governments in establishing and using PRTR as a basic tool of environmental management. There now exists a great deal of relevant experience worldwide, and PRTR programmes have been implemented in most of the member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), such as: The Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) in the United States, the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) in Canada, the National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) in Australia, the RETC in Mexico, etc. In parallel, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) in cooperation with OECD, the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) have coordinated their efforts aimed at helping developing countries adopt PRTR as an efficient tool for environmental management. Along these lines, the Mexican experience is worthy of notice: the Mexican PRTR was implemented as a result of this international cooperation.

2.3 Implementation in Chile Starting in 2002, as part of the agenda of the Canada-Chile Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Chile began the process of assessing the possibility of implementing a PRTR for environmental management. To this end, a workshop was held with the participation of international experts, and the PRTR programmes of Canada, Mexico, and other countries were discussed. This workshop made it evident that Chile would benefit from developing a PRTR. As a result, the study â&#x20AC;&#x153;Situation Analysis and Feasibility of Establishing a Pollutant Release and Transfer Register in Chileâ&#x20AC;? was undertaken from March to May 2003 with the support of Environment Canada, under a Memorandum of Agreement signed by UNITAR as the executive agency and CONAMA. Said Agreement was signed in December 2002.

On the occasion of the above study, the National Coordinating Group (GNC) was created, which is made up of representatives of all competent public agencies, the private sector, civil society organizations, and academia. The results of this study were twofold: identifying the uses of a national PRTR system, and assessing the available national infrastructure for the implementation of a PRTR in Chile. In a workshop held in June 2003, these results were made public along with international technical presentations delivered by representatives of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Environment Canada, and UNITAR. Simultaneously with this process, the Free Trade Agreement with the United States was ratified, which specifically mentioned the implementation of a PRTR in Chile as one of various Chile-US environmental cooperation projects. That same year, USEPA provided the necessary financing for the next design stages of the PRTR in Chile, as a result of which, CONAMA has driven forward the following projects:

“Design of the National System for the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, Stage III”, executed from October 2003 to April 2004. As part of this project, specific work teams were established within the National Coordinating Group (GNC): the technical, legal, and data processing teams, who defined the key parameters for implementing the PRTR. Some of the main results were: a proposal for modifying Law N° 19,300 and a draft of its bylaws; definition of the various chemical substances; sectors to be included in the Register; and the creation of a centralized online database to administer PRTR data. Participation of civil society in the “Design of the National System for the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, Stage III”, from November 2003 to April 2004. This project made it possible for civil society organizations to participate in designing the national PRTR. The main objective of the PRTR is to provide civil society with access to all available information on pollutant release into air, water, and land, as well as transfers for treatment or final disposal. This project opened the way for NGO participation in the design of the PRTR, and made it possible for them to prepare strategies for using PRTR information with a view to protecting public health and the environment. “Execution of a National PRTR Pilot Test”, May - December 2004. The main result of this pilot test was the creation of a database of pollutant emissions and transfers from a representative sample of industrial facilities in the Metropolitan and BioBio Regions, including atmospheric emissions, liquid effluents, generation of hazardous solid wastes and their transfer to final destinations, as well as atmospheric emissions from diffuse sources in Greater Santiago and Greater Concepción. This task involved coordinating and incorporating the available sectoral infrastructure from the following public agencies: General Directorate for the Maritime Territory and for the Merchant Navy (DIRECTEMAR), Superintendence of Sanitary Services (SISS), Regional Ministerial Secretariats of Health (SEREMIS), Ministry of Health (MINSAL), Secretariat for Transportation Planning (SECTRA), Ministry of Public Works’ Secretariat 10

for the Environment and Territory (SEMAT-MOP), National Statistics Institute (INE), Regional Directorates of CONAMA, and the central CONAMA administration. “Developing a National Proposal for a PRTR”, May 2005. This project involved defining the technical, data processing, administrative, institutional, and legal specifications for the implementation of the PRTR, as well as defining a plan of action for its implementation in Chile, and proposing actions in each area (legal, technical, data processing, advertising, and civil society participation) for the short term (2005-2006), medium term (2007-2008), and long term (from 2008 on). Approval for this initiative was granted on the following dates: CONAMA Consultive Panel, 9 July 2005 Inter-Ministerial Committee, 10 June 2005 CONAMA Directive Council, 23 June 2005 Scheme of Integrated Sectoral Systems Ministry of Health

Ministry of Environment

Sectra

PRTR Central Node

File Internal Revenue Service

File

Web Server

National Customs Service

File

SISS Sources File

Directemar

Database

Minsal SIDREP

File Chile Post Office Service

INE File File

File

2.4. Benefits of the PRTR The benefits of the PRTR for Chile are evident, because it provides key information for preventing and controlling pollution, and it provides answers to questions such as the following: What is the origin of the emissions and transfers that are affecting the environment? What chemicals are being emitted and transferred, and in what amounts?. On the basis of this information, government authorities may set priorities for the reduction or elimination of emissions that are potentially hazardous to human health and the environment. Furthermore, Chile’s participation in important international conventions such as the Kyoto Protocol on greenhouse gases, the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, and the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, make it possible for our country to comply with a large number of international obligations, including the creation and 11

regular updating of inventories of emissions, and/or tracking harmful chemicals throughout their life cycle. Moreover, Chile has entered into important free-trade agreements which commit our country to greater transparency regarding emissions from various sectors (industry, transportation, homes, agriculture, etc.), an obligation which is being met thanks to the implementation of the PRTR. The application of economic instruments, such as negotiable emissions permits - both local and global (carbon credits) - will require a great deal of information on emissions and operating conditions of emitting sources, and this data can be generated by the PRTR. In this sense, the PRTR will serve to identify business sectors for the application of said economic instruments. The creation of a national PRTR has made it possible to standardize the different sectoral databases, and this means that this data can now be compared. Moreover, PRTR implementation implies achieving a certain balance in terms of infrastructure available nationwide and standardizing methodologies for estimating emissions, and this in turn will drive the process of creating regulations, setting emissions base lines, generating prevention and decontamination plans, defining latent or saturated zones, and verifying compliance with environmental regulations. Similarly, the creation of integrated emissions databases makes it possible to improve our knowledge of environmental quality in various media. As an example, it is possible that when measuring the quality of a body of water, chemicals might now be identified which have originated in air pollution sources. Formerly this was impossible, because information was traditionally managed by public agencies in a strictly sectoral manner. Implementation of the PRTR involves creating a unified database on the operating conditions of the sources, which will satisfy the various sectoral information requirements. It will then be possible to move towards a one-stop shop for data reporting and input - this being something that has been strongly recommended by the international experts1 who have provided support for the implementation of a PRTR in Chile. Finally, the existence of a PRTR which is accessible to the public will reinforce the process of participation in public decision-making, as well as the public’s “right-to-know”, matters which are becoming ever more relevant worldwide, and which are the subject of different conventions, such as AARHUS2. In short, all sectors and stakeholders will benefit from the PRTR: government, industry, and the public. These benefits may be summarized as follows:

Government Public agencies will have access to updated information for environmental management, including: Creating uniform and comparable inventories of emissions, and determining the degree of magnitude of pollutant emissions into the various media. This makes it possible to rank the emissions sources by the magnitude of the emissions, and so to

USEPA, Environment Canada, and UNITAR,

AARHUS: Convention on access to information, citizens’ participation in public decision-making, and access to the Justice system in environmental matters. Denmark, 25 June 1998, ratified on 29 December 2004.

set priorities in terms of measures aimed at reducing said emissions. Similarly, it will be easier to develop and evaluate prevention and decontamination plans. Comparing the magnitude of emissions during different periods of time, so that the degree of compliance with the various pollution reduction objectives can be measured through the analysis of indicators on emissions trends. Integrating PRTR information with geographical information systems, making it possible to identify areas of environmental interest, since the spatial distribution of emissions can now be known for the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s various territorial divisions. Determining the degree of compliance with existing environmental legislation; supporting the enactment of new regulations; and evaluating the process of enforcement. Simplifying and rationalizing the procedures for requesting and providing information. This has advantages both for the State and for industry. Coordinating environmental management of pollutant emissions and transfer at the different governmental agencies involved, in accordance with the process of modernizing the State administration apparatus to make it more efficient. Facilitating the dissemination of information to various agencies and institutions, including: other State agencies and companies and business associations in the productive sector; promoting the education and participation of civil society; promoting modernization of key sectors of the economy, especially those that rely heavily on environmental goods and services: all of this, in order to improve environmental management. Facilitating the process of evaluating the environmental impact of future industrial and non-industrial activities, because of the existence of integrated emissions databases (base lines), geographical information, and centers for treatment and/or disposal of waste. Improving the performance and the public image of the various governmental agencies. Helping Chile comply with international agreements.

Industry Improving the efficiency of existing productive processes, with the ensuing savings in terms of materials and energy. This is because leaks and other emission creating inefficiencies will have been detected. Supporting the implementation of environmental management systems, and their certification, for example under ISO 14000.

Lowering production costs through the implementation of cleaner alternatives, and the reutilization of materials now viewed as waste. This also results in lower levels of emissions from specific sources, as reported by other countries that have already implemented PRTR. Lowering emissions from specific and diffuse sources through the introduction of changes such as: use of alternative chemicals, better control of the same, and greater efficiency of the equipment used in productive processes. Proposing actions aimed at mitigating environmental impact, or proposing wellplanned compensation actions, both of which improve relations between industry, government, and civil society. Diminishing the number of reports that industry has to submit to government. Improving the flow of new technologies within and between companies.

The Public In principle, people who are potentially exposed to risks due to chemicals, must have unrestricted access to information so that they may take appropriate protective action and make well informed decisions. As a result, the following benefits can be obtained: Making relevant information available to the public for decision-making in environmental matters. Letting civil society play a more active role in environmental management. Improving the quality of life through better understanding of the natural environment. Making reliable information available to the news media (the press, radio, and television), educational institutions, and research centers. Providing this information to social service and security agencies, such as hospitals, fire departments, the police, etc., enabling them to take rapid and adequate action in case of emergencies. Improving the quality of information available to academia, to educators, and to researchers.

2.5. Proposed solution In the majority of countries in which a PRTR has been implemented, the information comes from a specific report usually drawn up by the environmental authorities, and which is used by owners of facilitiies to declare, in a unique format, the emission of pollutants into the various media (air, water, land) as well as the transfer of hazardous residues for treatment in special facilitiies. In the case of the Chilean PRTR, it was decided not to issue a specific reporting form to be completed by owners of industrial facilitiies, because the diagnosis made after evaluating our environmental monitoring system showed that Chile already has an adequate information 14

base for creating a PRTR. This information is generated mostly during the process of applying regulations on the part of government supervisory bodies. Nevertheless, it was found that this information was scattered among different agencies. Therefore, it was decided that efforts should be focused on creating a central PRTR node to be administered by CONAMA. CONAMA coordinates and relays all sectoral information, and it also drafted regulations for those sectors about which there was little information at the national scale, such as atmospheric pollution emitted by industrial facilitiies. In fact, complete data was available only for the Metropolitan Region. In the other Regions, there was only partial information generated by decontamination plans for the mining sector and for specific projects that had been submitted to SEIA (Environmental Impact Assessment System). As a result of this analysis - and as part of PRTR activities - in 2005 a task force directed by MINSAL and CONAMA drafted and published MINSAL Supreme Decree NÂ° 138, which created the National Atmospheric Emissions Reporting System, which applies to Chileâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s major industrial sectors. In relation to hazardous waste release and transfer into water, it was found that adequate legislation for PRTR purposes already existed at the national level. The last step for setting up the PRTR was the creation of a central database (central node) at CONAMA, to which all sectoral agencies must relay their data annually and in predefined formats, in order to consolidate this information in the PRTR and to make it available to civil society through the www.retc.cl website.

2.6. Principles of the Plan of Action for implementing the PRTR in Chile a) As agreed by the National Coordinating Group (GNC), the PRTR will rely, during its initial stages, on existing administrative, legal, and technical infrastructure. b) The objectives of the PRTR must be transversal to the interests of all sectoral agencies involved. c) PRTR information will be administered by sectoral agencies in accordance with their mandates, and this principle will be followed for the duration of the Register. d) In line with the above point, any information classified as confidential must be administered exclusively by the agency having the corresponding mandate. e) In relation to the administration of confidential information, the PRTR central node will control access to such data on a case-by-case basis, in accordance with existing legislation and the guidelines issued by each sectoral agency. f) Notwithstanding the above, government agencies must be guaranteed full access to the information, in order to fulfill the objectives of the PRTR, when such objectives are transversal to the mandates of each agency or institution. g) The technical criteria and the methods used to validate or verify the accuracy of the data, will be defined exclusively by each agency, in accordance with the powers conferred by existing legislation to each agency. Thus, each sectoral agency, within the scope of its mandate, will be responsible for validating the validity or accuracy of the information to be reported to the PRTR. In this regard, the PRTR and its central administration will not question

the technical criteria used by each agency. Therefore, the information submitted to the System by each agency will be considered to be official. h) The information compiled should be available to all stakeholders. This means that the registries must be transparent and easily understandable. In this regard, it is vitally important to define the degree of access to information, for each of the interested or affected parties. i) The terms of the proposal for implementation of the PRTR must be agreed on by all stakeholders. j) Implementation of the system is viewed as a gradual process based on existing legislation, which will respect the specific sectoral mandates of each agency, but which will also ensure the effective and systematic fulfillment of PRTR objectives and requirements. k) In relation to dissemination of the information, it must be kept in mind that the PRTR website will be the principal means of access to the data, on the part of the general public, industry, and government agencies. Nevertheless, a printed version of the main conclusions of the report must be published for persons who do not have Internet access.

2.7. What INFORMATION is included in the PRTR? Air component: fixed sources Emissions data obtained by virtue of the following legal statutes: Statutes applicable throughout Chile: - Supreme Decree Nº 185/1991 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Mining, and Ministry of Health, which regulates the operation of facilitiies that emit sulphur dioxide, particulate material, and/or arsenic throughout the territory of Chile, in quantities equal to or greater than 3 tons/day of sulphur dioxide, or 1 ton/day of particulate material. This Decree will also apply to all sources of emissions of sulphur dioxide or particulate material, located in saturated or latent zones.

- Decontamination plans in force as of the effective date of Supreme Decree Nº 185/1991 from the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Mining, and the Ministry of Health: Supreme Decree Nº 252/1992, Ministry of Mining. “Las Ventanas” Industrial Complex (PM 10 and SO2). Supreme Decree Nº 180/1994, MINSEGPRES. “Hernán Videla Lira” Smelter – Paipote ENAMI (SO2). Supreme Decree Nº 81/1998, MINSEGPRES. Caletones Smelter (PM 10 and SO2). Supreme Decree Nº 164/1999, MINSEGPRES. María Elena and Pedro de Valdivia (PM 10). Supreme Decree Nº 179/1999, MINSEGPRES. Potrerillos Smelter of Codelco North’s Salvador Division (PM 10 and SO2). 16

Supreme Decree Nº 206/2001, MINSEGPRES. Chuquicamata smelter of Codelco North’s Chuquicamata Division (PM 10 and SO2). - Supreme Decree Nº 165/1999, MINSEGPRES. The Decree establishes Emission Standards for the purpose of regulating arsenic pollution discharged into the air. - Supreme Decree Nº 167/1999, MINSEGPRES. The Decree sets out Emission Standards for Nuisance Odours (Hydrogen Sulphide compounds and mercaptans: TRS gases) associated to the production of sulphated pulp. - Supreme Decree Nº 138/2005, MINSAL, applicable throughout the territory of Chile, which establishes the obligation to declare emissions on the part of owners of the following fixed source areas, activities or types of source: Furnaces that produce steam and/or hot water Production of cellulose Primary and secondary smelters Thermoelectric generation plants Production of cement, lime or plaster Production of glass Production of ceramic products Iron and steel industry Petrochemicals Asphalt Mobile generators

Under this regulation, which applies throughout the territory of Chile, the owners of facilitiies must report the emissions covered by the regulations, as well as the operating conditions of the fixed sources. The “calculator of emissions”3 processes this data to estimate emissions of non-regulated pollutants. For the application of this regulation, digital form N° 138 was created so that owners of facilitiies can report the data in a digital format. For further information, this program may be downloaded from the PRTR website (www.retc.cl).

- Ozone depleting substances (ODS): Law Nº 20,096 establishes controls on imports, production, and use of substances covered by the Montreal Protocol. This legal statute enforces compliance with international obligations undertaken by Chile in relation to reducing consumption of substances that deplete the ozone layer, and it also strengthens mechanisms allowing public access to information concerning the environmental effects of said substances and of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

- Other relevant information - Chile:

The “calculator of emissions” is the result of migrating the Emissions Inventories Administration System developed by CONAMA RM in 2002, to an Internet platform. This System is a conceptual embodiment of calculation methodologies used for obtaining the complex inventories of atmospheric and suspended dust from industrial sources.

Organic Law Nº 17,374 of the National Statistics Institute (INE), grants this institution the power to obtain information from both the public and the private sectors. In this regard, the INE implemented the Annual National Industrial Survey (ENIA), which was then transferred to the PRTR. This survey records data on fuel consumption and on production levels at all Chilean manufacturing facilitiies with 10 or more workers. This data allows the Administration System for Inventories of Atmospheric Emissions (SAIE) to make estimates of atmospheric emissions from all facilitiies which are not obliged to submit reports under Supreme Decree Nº 138/2005 MINSAL. It is important to point out that the data in this survey are protected by Statistics secrecy regulations. Therefore, the results published by the PRTR may only be expressed as consolidated totals per economic activity.

- For the Metropolitan Region: - Supreme Decree Nº 4/1992, MINSAL. The Decree enacts Regulations on the Emission of Particulate Matter from fixed point and group sources in the Metropolitan Region. - Supreme Decree Nº 1.583/1992, MINSAL. This statute establishes Particulate Matter Emission Standards for stationary point sources which emit over 1 ton/day of particulate matter in the Metropolitan Region. - Supreme Decree Nº 1.905/1993, MINSAL. The Decree sets out Emission Standards for Particulate Matter from Heating Furnaces. - Supreme Decree Nº 58/2003, MINSEGPRES, which reformulates and updates the Atmospheric Decontamination and Prevention Plan (PPDA) for the Metropolitan Region, and which sets out emission standards and/or the obligation to take measurements of stationary sources of the following pollutants: carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. - Resolution Nº 15,027/1994, Metropolitan Environmental Health Service (SESMA) This Resolution creates the System for Declaring Emissions from Fixed Sources in the Metropolitan Region.

Air component: diffuse sources (mobile) For diffuse sources, SECTRA - an agency of the Ministry of Planning (MIDEPLAN) - developed the MODEM system for estimating vehicle emissions, which has been implemented in Chile’s main cities and whose results have been incorporated into the PRTR. Starting in 2009, an alternative to the MODEM methodology was developed for those cities that do not have a transportation model. As a result, 10 other cities have been included in the PRTR.

Liquid waste component (Emissions) SISS and DIRECTEMAR, by virtue of their mandates, already have adequate bodies of laws that allow them to obtain information on emissions/discharges into marine, continental, surface, and ground waters. This data will make it possible, in the short term, for the PRTR to report inventories of liquid waste at national level. Following is a list of the specific regulations:

Supreme Decree Nยบ 90/2000, MINSEGPRES. The Decree establishes Emissions Regulations for Pollutants associated to the discharge of liquid waste into marine and continental surface waters. Supreme Decree Nยบ 46/2002, MINSEGPRES. The Decree establishes Emissions Regulations for Liquid Waste discharged into groundwater. Supreme Decree Nยบ 80, MINSEGPRES. The Decree establishes Emissions Regulations for molybdenum and for sulphates in effluents discharged from tailings dams into the Caren brook.

Liquid waste component (Transfers) SISS has the necessary legal instruments to obtain information on transfers discharged into the storm-water/sewer systems, and these results will make it possible for the PRTR, in the short term, to report transfer inventories at national level. Following is a list of the specific regulations:

Supreme Decree Nยบ 609/1998, Ministry of Public Works (MOP). The Decree establishes Emissions Regulations for Pollutants associated to the discharge of liquid waste into storm-water/sewer systems.

Solid waste component (Transfers) Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2004, MINSAL which approves the Sanitary Regulations on Handling Hazardous Waste, sets out the minimum sanitary and safety conditions that must exist during the generation, holding, storage, transportation, reutilization, recycling, final disposal, and other forms of elimination of hazardous waste. In Chapter VII concerning the Hazardous Waste Declaration and Monitoring System, this Regulation states that parties owning, holding, or processing hazardous waste are subject to a Declaration and Monitoring System of said waste, which is applicable throughout Chile and whose purpose is to provide the Sanitary Authorities with complete, updated, and timely information on such waste, from the moment it leaves the facility that emits or produces it, until it is received at the final disposal facility. MINSAL, with the assistance of CONAMA, has developed an online System for Declaring and Monitoring Hazardous Waste (SIDREP).

2.8. List of substances included in the PRTR During the design stage of the PRTR, and under conditions defined by the GNC, an initial list was proposed of substances to be included in the system. This list included substances and parameters already specified in existing regulations and in international treaties and conventions signed by Chile. As a result, the list covers a wide range of chemicals and different types of parameters covering substances of various origins and of different kinds. In other words, this basic list includes parameters, substances, families of substances, and also groups of non-specific substances produced by different activities. Also included are physical parameters and parameters of bacteriological importance, which are applied mainly to pollution caused by liquid effluents.

The great variety of possible denominations for a single chemical substance, as well as the many classifications used in the context of different technical or regulatory criteria, mean that in some cases it is impossible in practice to compare the data, or to subject it to similar processing. For this reason, during the PRTR pilot test, a process was begun aimed at standardizing the list of substances, starting with their specific denomination (chemical name), translation (necessary in many cases), and classification or grouping (chemical families). With this in mind, it was necessary in each case to study the technical criteria, or the regulatory intention of said classification and/or denomination. This updating process will be permanently applied, because the PRTR must always be capable of taking account of new regulations and technical criteria, and of new requirements on the part of the Systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s users who, it is hoped, will be actively involved in updating the Register. The following tables set out the list of substances and physical or biological parameters included in the PRTR:

Table 1: Pollutants included in PRTR.

Pollutants included in PRTR

PRTR Nยบ

1.Residual mineral oils unfit for intended use

2.Oils and fats

3.Sulphurated hydrogen / hydrogen sulfide (or TRS)

4.Aldrin

5.Aluminum

6.Arsenic

7.Arsenic, arsenic compounds

8.Benzene

9.Beryllium compounds

10.Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)

11.Boron

12.Bromochloromethane, Appendix C, Group III

13. Methyl bromide, Appendix E, Group I

14.Cadmium

15.Cadmium, Cadmium compounds

16.Fully halogenated CFCs (others), Appendix B, Group I

17.Cyanide

18. Non-organic cyanides

19.Organic cyanides

20.Chlordane

21.Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Appendix A, Group I

22.Chlorides

23.Copper

24.Copper, copper compounds

25.Antimony compounds

26.Hexavalent chromium compounds

27.Mercury compounds

28.Lead compounds

29.Selenium compounds

30.Zinc compounds

31.Non-organic flourine compounds, excluding calcium flourine

32.Phosphorus organic compounds

33.Volatile Organic Compounds

34.Hexavalent chromium

35.Total Chromium

36.Any substance in the polychlorinated dibenzofurans group

37.DDT (1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane)

38.Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF)

39.Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDF)

40.Dieldrin

41.Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

42.Carbon dioxide (CO2)

43.Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

44.Endrin

45.Polluted containers and vessels that have contained one or more compounds listed in Category II 46.Tin

47.Esters

48.Phenols, phenolic compounds, including chlorophenols

49.Fluorides

50.Total Phosphorus

51.Halons, Appendix A, Group II

52.Heptachlor

53.Hexachlorobenzene

54.Sulphur hexaflouride (SF6)

55.Hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFC), Appendix C, Group II

56. Stable hydrocarbons

57.Total hydrocarbons

58.Volatile hydrocarbons

59.Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), Appendix C, Group I

80. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC)

61.Iron / dissolved iron

62.Phenol rate

63.Manganese

64.Mercury

65.Carbonyl metals

66.Methane (CH4)

67.Methylchloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane), Appendix B, Group III

68.Mirex

69.Molybdenum

70.Carbon monoxide

71.PM10

72.Nickel

73.Nitrite plus Nitrate (and Nox)

74. Ammoniacal nitrogen (or NH3)

75. Ozone

76.Total suspended particles (TSP)

77.Pentachlorophenol /PCP

78.Perfluorocarbons (PFC)

79.Lead

80.Asbestos dust and/or fibres, excluding waste from cement-asbestos based construccion materials 81.Tarred waste resulting from refining, distillation or any pyrolytic treatment

82.Explosive waste

83.Waste containing cyanides, resulting from thermal treatment and tempering activities

85.Waste resulting from selective collection or segregation of residential solid waste that has at

least one hazard chracteristic 85.Waste resulting from the manufacturing, preparation and use of chemicals for wood preservation 86.Waste resulting from the manufacturing, preparation and use of biocide products, phitopharmaceutical producs and pesticides 87.Waste resulting from the production and preparation of pharmaceutical products

88.Waste resulting from the production, preparation and use of organic solvents

89.Waste resulting from the manufacturing, preparation and use of chemicals and materials for photography 90.Waste resulting from the production, preparation and use of resins, latex, plasticizer or glues and adhesives 91.Waste resulting from the production, preparation and use of inks, dyes, pigments, paints, lacquers or varnishes 92.Waste resulting from the surface treatment of metals and plastics

93.Selenium

92 93

96 97 98

94.Halogenated organic solvents

102

95.Organic solvents, excluding halogenated solvents

103

96. SOx

104

97. Soils or materials resulting from earthworks in sites contaminated by one of the components listed in Category II 98.Sulphates

105

99.Sulphides

107

100.Active substances in Methylene blue

108

101.Residual chemical substances, non-identified or new, resulting from research and development or teaching activities whose effects for humans or the environement are unknown 102.Substances and waste containing, or contaminated by, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polychlorinated terphenyl (PCT) or polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) 103.Thallium, thallium compounds

109

104.Tellurium, tellurium compounds

112

105.Tetrachloroethene

114

106.Carbon tetrachloride, Appendix B, Group II

115

107.Toluene / methylbenzene / Toluole / Phenylmethane

116

108.Toxaphene

117

109.Trichloromethane

118

110.Xylene

119

111.Zinc

120

112.Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furan (PCDD/F)

121

113.PM 2.5

122

114.NOx

123

115.Hospital waste.

124

116.Discarded medicines, drugs and pharmaceutical products.

125

117.Mixes and emulsions of oil and water or hydrocarbons and water.

126

118.Residues resulting from waste disposal and treatment operations, such as sludges, filters, dust, etc. 119.Acidic solutions or acids in solid form.

127

120.Acidic solutions or acids in solid form.

129

121.Organohalogen compounds, excluding substances already mentioned in this article.

130

106

110 111

128

Table 2: Complementary Physical and Biological Parameters

Physical and biological parameters

PRTR Nº

122.Settling solids

101

123.Total suspended solids

113

124.Temperature

126.DBO5

126.PH

127.Foaming power

128.Used catalysts

129.Fecal or thermotolerant coliforms

130.Total nitrogen by Kjeldahl method

100

Table N°3 shows a summary of the list of substances, in accordance with existing legislation and international conventions, as defined by the PRTR’s GNC. Table 3: Summary of the List of PRTR Substances, according to Standards

Total Substances 1294] International treaties

Solid waste

13 7

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol

S.D. Nº 148/2004

Lists I, II and III Liquid waste

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

MINSAL 29

S.D. Nº 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

S.D. Nº 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

S.D. Nº 609/1998 MOP

S.D. Nº 80/2006 MINSEGPRES

Atmospheric emissions

Res. 15027/1992 MINSAL

S.D. Nº 167/1999 MINSEGPRES

S.D. Nº 185/1991

S.D. Nº 4/1992

MINERIA MINSAL 1

S.D. Nº 165/1998 MINSEGPRES

S.D. Nº 138/2005 MINSAL

Appendix Nº 3 sets out the complete list of substances mentioned above.

Some parameters are included in one or more standards

2.9. Reporting thresholds and reporting sectors Table N° 4 presents the definition of reporting thresholds and the sectors which must report their emissions and releases of substances included in the PRTR. These thresholds are defined in the terms and conditions of existing legislation.

2.10. Validation of information in the PRTR Based on decisions taken by the GNC, each sectoral agency, within the scope of its specific mandate, has been responsible for ascertaining the validity of the information to be reported to the PRTR. In this sense, the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register and its central administration, do not question the technical criteria of each agency nor the information submitted by it. Therefore, said information will be accepted as official information. Furthermore, the technical criteria and the validation methods employed to check the validity of the data are each agency’s exclusive responsibility, in accordance with the legal mandate of each agency.

AIR

Table 4:PRTR Reporting Thresholds

NATIONAL Threshold values

Institution

Source

Amount

MINSAL

SD Nº 138

2005: 968 2006: 2986 2007:3326 2008:4326 Facilitiies

Industries with generating sets over 20KW and industrial boilers and heating with fuel energy consumption greater than 1 Mega Joule per hour

MINSAL

SD Nº 138 and ENIA5

2005: 180 2006: 159 2007: 190 2008:154 Facilitiies

Equivalent to those defined in SD Nº 138

Involved industries Paper and cellulose manufacturing Primary and secondary foundries Thermal power plants Cement, lime and gypsum manufacturing Glass manufacturing Ceramics manufacturing Steel industry Petrochemical industry Asphalt manufacturing Generating sets Boilers Paper and cellulose manufacturing Primary and secondary foundries Thermal power plants Cement, lime and gypsum manufacturing Glass manufacturing Ceramics manufacturing Steel industry Petrochemical industry Asphalt manufacturing Generating sets Boilers

This group corresponds to facilitiies reporting under Supreme Decree Nº 138/2005 MINSAL, whose fuel consumption data was supplemented with data from the ENIA survey in order to estimate their emissions. In general, for the rest of the facilitiies reporting under Supreme Decree Nº 138/2005 MINSAL, fuel consumption were equal to or greater than consumptions reported in the ENIA; therefore, they were not supplemented.

WATER

INE

ENIA

2005: 2396 2006: 2408 2007: 2459 2008: 2438 Facilitiies

Manufacturing industry with over 10 employees

Metropolitan Region Sanitary Authority

SD Nยบ 4 Resolution 15027

2005:4092 2006: 25526 2007: 2627 2008: 4580 Facilitiies

SECTRA

MODEM

SISS

SD Nยบ 46

2005: 1.498.673 2006: 1.705.398 2007: 1.994.743 2008: 2.133.515 Motor vehicles 2005: no data available 2006:19:00 2007: 64 2008: 61 Facilitiies

Industries with generating sets over 20KW, industrial boilers over 200.000 Kg. Joule/ hour and equipment with atmospheric burners over 500.000 Kg. Joule /hour Structuring road urban network (transport modelling)

Facilitiies that qualify as Industrial Facility, according to the guide "Qualification as industrial facility". Technical Administrative procedures", adopted through Resolution Nยบ 2505 of 2003 by Superintendent of Sanitary Services SISS.

Foodstuffs and drinks preparation Tobacco products preparation. Textiles manufacturing. Apparel manufacturing; fur booming and dyeing Leather tanning and booming; manufacture of suitcases, handbags and saddlery and footwear articles. Wood production and manufacturing of wood and cork based products excluding furniture; manufacturing of articles made of straw and plaiting material. Paper and paper products manufacturing. Editing and printing and reproduction of recordings activities. Manufacture of coke, byproducts of oil refining and nuclear fuel. Manufacture of quemical substances and products. Manufacture of rubber and plastic products. Manufacture of other mineral non metallic products. Manufacture of base metals. Manufacture of metallic products, excluding machinery and equipment. Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery. Manufacture of machinery and electronics n.e.c. Manufacture of radio, TV and communication devices and equipment. Manufacture of medical, optical and precision instruments and manufacture of watches. Manufacture of motor vehicules, trailers and semi-trailers. Manufacture of other kind of transport equipment. Manufacture of furniture; manufacturing industries n.e.c. Recycling. Stationary and specific sources within metropolitan region. All sources designed to operate in a fixed place whose emissions are discharged through an exhaust or chimney, including all those sources mounted over portable vehicules to facilitate its transport.

Private vehicles Rent Commercial Light trucks Medium sized trucks Motorbikes Rural and intercity buses Shared taxis Bidding buses Heavy trucks Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishery; Mining explotation; Manufacturing industries; other generating liquid industrial waste

The reduction in the number of facilitiies for the year 2006 compared to 2005 is because a large number of group (small) furnaces were not reported by the Sanitary Authorities from 2006 onwards.

SD Nยบ 90

2005:48:00 2006: 453 2007: 769 2008: 726 Facilitiies

SD Nยบ 609

2005: 1268 2006: 1572 2007: 1794 2008: 1639 Facilitiies 2008:01:00 Facility

SD Nยบ 80

DIRECTEMAR

WASTE

MINSAL

SD Nยบ 90

SIDREP (Information and control system of hazardous waste)

2005: no data available 2006:08:00 2007: 71 2008:50:00 Facilitiies 2005: no data available 2006: 171 2007: 662 2008:1164 Facilitiies

According to MINSAL Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/03 adopting the Sanitary regulation over handling of hazardous waste, Title VII of the Declaration and Control System of Hazardous Waste, Art. 84, the transport of Hazardous Waste over 6 kg of acute toxic waste and 2 tons of Hazardous Waste that presents any other type of hazard should be reported.

Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishery; mine explotation (excluding massive mining waste); Manufacturing industries; Other activities generating hazardous waste as defined in the regulation.

2.11. Legal aspects of the dissemination of information As decided by the GNC, all PRTR data concerning emissions and transfers that is subject to regulations, will be nominative, i.e. the sources of said emissions or transfers will be specifically identified. As for emissions and transfers that are not regulated, these will not be nominative, i.e. the information that is published will be presented as aggregated data.

3. POLLUTANT RELEASE AND TRANSFER REPORT 3.1. Statistics on atmospheric emissions from fixed sources Presented below are the emissions from fixed sources (on-site emissions) for all of Chile and for 2008, classified per industrial sector (ISIC Level 3), and showing emissions from the sectors responsible for the largest emissions. Total Air Pollution Emissions on site, by Industrial Sector Country Total, year 2008 Manufacture of products from milling 3%

Manufacture of paper and paper products 1%

Manufacture of products from petroleum refining 1%

Manufacture of wooden products 4%

Metal foundry 4%

Manufacturing Industries N.E.C. 62%

Electric power generation, collection, and distribution 25%

Figure 1: Total Air Emissions On Site (Fixed Sources) by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), Country Total, 2008

Source: Supreme Decree MINSAL 138/2005 Methodology: : “Guía metodológica para la estimación de emisiones atmosféricas de fuentes fijas y móviles en el Registro de Emisiones y Transferencias de Contaminantes, CONAMA, MINSAL, SECTRA 2009”. (Methodological guide for estimating air emissions from fixed and mobile sources for the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register. CONAMA, MINSAL, SECTRA 2009).

The following Figure shows emissions from fixed sources (on-site emissions) for all of Chile, classified per industrial sector (ISIC Level 3), and showing emissions from the most polluting sectors for the years 2007 and 2008. The largest increases correspond to the industrial sector “Generation, production, and distribution of electric energy”.

Total Air Pollution Emissions on site, by Industrial Sector Country Total, years 2007-2008 50000000

45000000

40000000

35000000

30000000

25000000

20000000

15000000

10000000

5000000

0 Manufacture of products from milling

Manufacture of paper and paper products

Manufacture of products from petroleum refining

Manufacture of wooden products

Metal foundry

Electric power generation, Manufacturing Industries collection, and distribution N.E.C.

Figure 2: Total Air Emissions On Site (Fixed Sources) by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), Country Total, 2008

Source: Supreme Decree MINSAL 138/2005 Methodology: “Methodological guide for estimating atmospheric emissions from fixed and diffuse sources for the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register”.

Shown below is data on emissions per pollutant, from fixed sources (on-site emissions) for all of Chile, classified per industrial sector (ISIC Level 3), and showing emissions from the most polluting sectors for the years 2007 and 2008. TSP: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site, by Industrial Sector Country Total, years 2007-2008 40000 35000

Ton/year

30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0

MINING OF OREBEARING NONFERROUS MINERALS, EXCEPT FOR COPPER, URANIUM, AND THORIUM.

MANUFACTURE OF NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS N.E.C.

MANUFACTURE OF PRIMARY PRECIOUS AND NON-FERROUS METAL PRODUCTS.

METAL FOUNDRY.

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES N.E.C.

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION.

Others

Industrial Sectors TSP_2007

TSP_2008

Figure 3: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site (Fixed Sources), by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), by pollutant, Country Total, 2008

PM 10: Emisiones Totales al Aire en sitio, por Sector Industrial Total País año 2007-2008 30000 25000

Ton/año

20000 15000

10000 5000 0

FABRICACION DE PRODUCTOS MINERALES NO METALICOS N.C.P.

FABRICACION DE FUNDICION DE METALES. INDUSTRIAS GENERACION, CAPTACION PRODUCTOS PRIMARIOS MANUFACTURERAS N.C.P. Y DISTRIBUCION DE DE METALES PRECIOSOS Y ENERGIA ELECTRICA. DE METALES NO FERROSOS.

Otras

Sectores Industriales

PM 10_2007

PM 10_2008

Figure 4: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site (Fixed Sources), by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), by pollutant, Country Total, 2008

PM 2.5: Total Air Pollution Emissions on Site, by Industrial Sector, Country Total, 2007-2008 14000 12000

Ton/year

10000 8000 6000

4000 2000 0

MANUFACTURE OF PRIMARY PRECIOUS AND NON-FERROUS METAL PRODUCTS.

METAL FOUNDRY.

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES N.E.C.

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION.

Others

Industrial Sectors

Figure 5: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site (Fixed Sources), by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), by pollutant, Country Total, 2008

CO: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site, by Industrial Sector Country Total, years 2007-2008 50000 45000 40000 35000

Ton/year

30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 MINING OF COPPER. WOOD SAWING AND MANUFACTURE OF PLANING PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS.

MANUFACTURE OF MANUFACTURE OF PRODUCTS FROM PRIMARY PRECIOUS PETROLEUM AND NON-FERROUS REFINING. METAL PRODUCTS.

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES N.E.C.

ELECTRIC POWER VAPOR AND HOT GENERATION, WATER SUPPLIES. TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION.

Others

Industrial Sectors CO_2007

CO_2008

Figure 6: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site (Fixed Sources), by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), by pollutant, Country Total, 2008

Source: Supreme Decree MINSAL 138/2005 Methodology: “Methodological guidelines for estimating atmospheric emissions from stationary and diffuse sources, for the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, CONAMA, MINSAL, SECTRA 2009” NOx: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site, by Industrial Sector Country Total, years 2007-2008 50000 45000 40000

Ton/year

35000 30000

25000 20000 15000

10000 5000

0 OPERATION OF FISH MINING OF COPPER. MANUFACTURE OF AND MARINE PRODUCTS FROM PRODUCT PETROLEUM HATCHERIES IN REFINING. GENERAL (AQUICULTURE); AND RELATED SERVICES

MANUFACTURE OF MANUFACTURE OF BASIC CHEMICAL NON-METALLIC SUBSTANCES. MINERAL PRODUCTS N.E.C.

MANUFACTURE OF PRIMARY PRECIOUS AND NON-FERROUS METAL PRODUCTS.

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES N.E.C.

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION.

Others

Industrial Sectors NOx_2007

NOx_2008

Figure 7: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site (Fixed Sources), by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), by pollutant, Country Total, 2008

SOx: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site, by Industrial Sector Country Total, years 2007-2008 300000

250000

Ton/year

200000

150000

100000

50000

0 PRODUCTION, MANUFACTURE AND PRESERVATION OF MEAT, FRUITS, LEGUMES, VEGETABLES, OILS AND FATS.

MANUFACTURE OF OTHER FOOD PRODUCTS

MANUFACTURE OF NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS N.E.C.

MANUFACTURE OF PRIMARY PRECIOUS AND NON-FERROUS METAL PRODUCTS.

METAL FOUNDRY.

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES N.E.C.

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION.

Others

Industrial Sectors SOx_2007

SOx_2008

Figure 8: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site (Fixed Sources), by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), by pollutant, Country Total, 2008

Source: Supreme Decree MINSAL 138/2005 Methodology: “Methodological guidelines for estimating atmospheric emissions from stationary and diffuse sources, for the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, CONAMA, MINSAL, SECTRA 2009” As: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site, by Industrial Sector Country Total, years 2007-2008 3500

3000

Ton/year

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 MANUFACTURE OF PRIMARY PRECIOUS AND NON-FERROUS METAL PRODUCTS.

METAL FOUNDRY.

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES N.E.C.

Others

Industrial Sectors As_2007

As_2008

Figure 9: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site (Fixed Sources), by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), by pollutant, Country Total, 2008

Hg: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site, by Industrial Sector Country Total, years 2007-2008 1.6

1.4

1.2

Ton/year

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 MANUFACTURE OF PRIMARY PRECIOUS AND NON-FERROUS METAL PRODUCTS.

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES N.E.C.

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION.

Others

Industrial Sectors Hg_2007

Hg_2008

Figure 10: Total Air Pollution Emissions on site (Fixed Sources), by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), by pollutant, Country Total, 2008

The following Figure shows the percentage of total emissions of PTS pollutants emitted by each company, for the year 2008. The nominative data was obtained from Supreme Decree Nº 4/1992, MINSAL, which establishes Regulations on Emissions of Particulate Matter from stationary point and group sources in the Metropolitan Region. TSP: Percentage Share of the 10 most Emitting Companies in the Metropolitan Region, Year 2008 CIA. MOLINERA SAN CRISTOBAL S.A. (Estación Central Plant) 6%

CIA MOLINERA SAN CRISTOBAL S.A. (Maipú Plant) 6%

NUTRECO CHILE S.A. 6%

CIA. IND. EL VOLCÁN S.A. 6%

CEMENTO POLPAICO S.A. 24%

SOC. ELÉCTRICA SANTIAGO S.A. 18%

FCA. DE LANA DE VIDRIO 7%

PRODUCTOS CHILENOS DE ACERO LIMITADA 7% ASERRADEROS PAILLACO S.A. 8%

PAPELES CORDILLERA S.A. 12%

Figure 11: Percentage Share of the 10 most Emitting Companies of TPS in the Metropolitan Region, 2008

Source: Supreme Decree Nº 4/1992, MINSAL Methodology: Based on measurements reported by companies. Data corresponding to 2007

The following graph shows the quantities of the pollutant emitted by the ten companies responsible for the highest emissions in 2007 and 2008.

TSP: Emissions by the 10 most Emitting Companies in the Metropolitan Region Year 2008 250

Ton/year

200 150 100

NUTRECO CHILE S.A.

CIA. MOLINERA SAN CRISTOBAL S.A. (Estación Central Plant)

CIA. IND. EL VOLCÁN S.A.

CIA MOLINERA SAN CRISTOBAL S.A. (Maipú Plant)

FCA. DE LANA DE VIDRIO

PRODUCTOS CHILENOS DE ACERO LIMITADA

ASERRADEROS PAILLACO S.A.

PAPELES CORDILLERA S.A.

SOC. ELÉCTRICA SANTIAGO S.A.

CEMENTO POLPAICO S.A.

Companies

Figure 12: Emissions by the 10 most Emitting Companies of TSP in the Metropolitan Region, 2008

Source: Supreme Decree Nº 4/1992, MINSAL Methodology: Based on measurements reported by industry Data corresponding to 2007

Shown below are the inventories of emissions of atmospheric pollutants from fixed sources, obtained from the reports of Supreme Decree Nº 138/2005, MINSAL, in addition to estimates of emissions obtained from inventories available to CONAMA; shown are the statistics from the first report in 2005, and up to the report for 2008.

Table 5: National Inventory of Fixed Source Air Pollution Emissions from reports of Supreme Decree 138/2005, MINSAL, estimates from CONAMA inventories and the ENIA Balance, 2005- 2008. Values in Tons/year

Region

PTS (Practical Test Standard)

PM10

PM 2.5

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

629

913

1,412

1,313

505

560

1,036

947

402

218

664

596

14,828

20,558

21,389

23,205

6,609

13,222

13,334

14,090

4,225

10,402

11,270

11,343

4,191

8,108

5,234

5,233

2,313

4,980

3,259

3,247

1,538

2,625

1,920

1,854

263

314

139

166

6,434

5,907

4,793

5,173

4,437

3,532

2,433

2,634

3,611

2,560

1,337

1,498

1,102

1,367

5,706

5,889

642

749

2,999

3,090

508

584

2,159

2,181

1,566

2,035

2,201

2,177

1,340

1,570

1,699

1,674

1,110

1,171

1,290

1,269

Biobío Region

17,808

31,850

26,336

26,586

16,634

23,890

19,457

19,516

6,388

12,363

8,291

8,335

La Araucanía Region Los Ríos Region Los Lagos Region Aisén del Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region Magallanes and Chilean Antartic Region Santiago Metropolitan Region Total Country

1,006

1,079

1,683

1,701

797

903

1,358

1,369

694

728

1,087

1,088

370

241

171

298

187

145

198

228

138

113

138

368

326

508

906

303

245

406

583

230

157

309

349

235

126

331

197

160

320

192

134

317

189

106

1,456

1,927

1,861

1,863

1,216

1,664

1,634

1,863

943

1,449

1,448

1,863

48,784

74,688

71,837

75,000

34,300

51,803

48,118

49,590

19,321

32,648

30,101

30,686

Arica and Parinacota Region Tarapacá Region Antofagasta Region Atacama Region Coquimbo Region Valparaíso Region Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’Higgins Region Maule Region

2008

Table 6: National Inventory of Fixed Source Air Pollution Emissions from reports of Supreme Decree 138/2005, MINSAL, estimates from CONAMA inventories and the ENIA Balance, 2005- 2008. Values in Tons/year Region

CO 2005

Arica and Parinacota

NOx

VOC

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

200 5

2006

200 7

200 8

337

332

368

322

Region Tarapacá Region Antofagasta Region Atacama Region Coquimbo Region Valparaíso Region Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’Higgins Region Maule Region

1,078

387

1,637

1,407

9,699

3,598

12,670

12,395

356

509

502

38,317

5,737

8,285

11,195

5,998

5,956

9,691

11,090

1,127

256

1,128

1,393

3,556

3,640

4,144

4,316

1,901

8,634

12,103

12,467

682

104

605

643

140

184

161

224

508

532

23,968

1,962

2,541

4,092

14,906

7,641

10,964

11,137

1,201

921

1,132

1,267

848

488

754

1,027

1,750

990

1,583

1,582

132

6,508

7,904

8,418

8,356

3,762

4,046

4,493

4,409

154

113

156

158

38,253

40,429

36,246

37,353

6,842

20,167

21,196

21,634

255

763

743

835

La Araucanía Region Los Ríos Region

1,751

2,008

3,380

3,433

1,092

1,157

1,789

1,774

138

122

128

1,247

1,063

977

1,091

306

250

186

232

Los Lagos Region Aisén del Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region Magallanes and Chilean Antartic Region Santiago Metropolitan Region Total Country

726

492

914

1,734

656

709

595

708

127

117

403

124

687

537

344

405

496

229

1,600

505

454

335

7,306

5,347

644

338

120

5,110

5,383

6,410

6,400

8,777

12,765

19,431

19,434

4,110

8,356

1,141

1,143

118,109

70,185

74,514

81,661

55,255

72,161

96,628

98,548

4,100

11,034

5,857

6,928

Biobío Region

Table 7: National Inventory of Fixed Source Air Pollution Emissions from reports of Supreme Decree 138/2005, MINSAL, estimates from CONAMA inventories and the ENIA Balance, 2005- 2008. Values in Tons/year Region

Arica and Parinacota Region Tarapacá Region Antofagasta Region Atacama Region Coquimbo Region Valparaíso Region Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’Higgins Region Maule Region Biobío Region La Araucanía Region Los Ríos Region Los Lagos Region Aisén del Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region Magallanes and Chilean Antartic Region Santiago Metropolitan Region Total Country

SOx

NH3

CO2

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

633

605

722

602

104,285

13,959

129,495

87,795

3,566

9,332

12,725

12,011

312

391

359

1,065,61

236,673

1,767,448

1,520,046

106,2

203,3

211,86

233,16

1,397

1,632

2,425

3,130

54,976,2

439,962

10,091,92

26,312,241

53,54

92,39

73,921

127,42

194

939

1,095

1,926

2,927,46

116,736

4,366,382

7,713,555

768

549

499

652

121,396

96,613

308,175

428,001

167,6

177,7

60,404

61,283

3,809

778

1,107

1,133

7,729,57

189,373

9,351,074

12,114,095

4,244

2,638

119,62

159,59

363

1,361

1,402

1,436

1,084,78

54,992

15,574,43

16,640,520

7,391

7,482

5,735

5,621

1,620

1,721

1,773

1,764

1,870,31

127,815

2,252,605

2,160,598

18,67

41,40

43,870

44,337

1,391

5,241

5,510

5,467

3,673,15

476,721

12,357,13

14,605,029

975

3,052

4,178

4,296

281

304

548

552

454,591

32,355

13,285,59

13,310,859

1,168

1,094

667

1,408

206

174

160

191

283,680

68,860

197,317

573,313

2,561

2,908

3,038

4,695

122

159

195

314,285

74,274

353,650

777,533

113

372

38,986

41,007

169,465

266,089

405

920

112

786,002

117,296

581,783

506,304

16,49

10,16

27,623

27,631

327

383

576

577

8,016,84

5,189,356

8,578,971

8,631,537

367,9

552,7

565,90

683,20

9,473

12,95

15,21

16,78

75,430,3

7,275,992

79,365,45

105,647,514

Note: Values of CO2 for the year 2006 are probably expressed in a different measuring unit

Table 8 : National Inventory of Fixed Source Air Pollution Emissions from reports of Supreme Decree 138/2005, MINSAL, estimates from CONAMA inventories and the ENIA Balance, 2005- 2008. Values in Tons/year

Region

Hg (g) 2005

2006

PCDD/F (mg)

2007

2008

2005

2006 -

2007

2008

Arica and Parinacota Region

1,658

1,418

Tarapacá Region

106,173

104,746

120

4,231

4,082

Antofagasta Region

271

687,329

937,000

170

27,207

27,083

Atacama Region

307,534

427,360

3,864

4,020

Coquimbo Region

1,921

3,835

120

227

179

Valparaíso Region

510,824

526,844

16,782

16,767

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’Higgins Region Maule Region

1,332

407,617

426,676

210

19,501

19,415

10,215

31,147

31,462

200

380

1,737

1,684

Biobío Region

22,793

294,279

308,137

1,150

880

10,856

10,357

La Araucanía Region

1,290

6,678

6,653

12,287

12,275

Los Ríos Region

3,304

3,305

7,309

120

171

Los Lagos Region

3,409

14,073

28,244

120

476

452

Aisén del Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region Magallanes and Chilean Antartic Region Santiago Metropolitan Region

476

2,092

140

136

1,727

188

76,216

171,296

172,234

400

314

392

Total Country

118,995

2,546,03

2,984,10

2,24

98,065

97,019

160 50 -

2,280

Note: Values of Hg for the year 2006, and for PCDD/F, years 2005 and 2006, are probably expressed in a different measuring unit

Table 9: National Inventory of Fixed Source Air Pollution Emissions from reports of Supreme Decree 138/2005, MINSAL, estimates from CONAMA inventories and the ENIA Balance, 2005- 2008. Values in Tons/year. Region

Arsenic (ton) 0

Arica and Parinacota Region

Benzene (gr)

Lead (gr)

3.41

Toluene (gr) 0

1.5

Tarapacá Region

674.75

296.65

Antofagasta Region

464.36

151,852.14

25.96

67612.02

Atacama Region

3,110.58

13,759.79

6049.42

Coquimbo Region

Valparaíso Region

0.7

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’Higgins Region

Maule Region

0.01

Biobío Region

La Araucanía Region

121,535.69

1360.55

27230.21

7,527,543.32

184.8

12066589.16

130,718.46

420740.29

56621.08

67,415.79

693.09

18673.81

8,619,475.25

2929.61

13769451

0.02

230,879.81

391.34

319925.36

Los Ríos Region

0.04

303,693.64

3280.11

68587.61

Los Lagos Region

0.16

860,926.61

2054.36

358571.7

Aisén del Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region Magallanes and Chilean Antartic Region

553,881.01

339.65

236970.69

0.08

843,596.82

1363942.05

Santiago Metropolitan Region

Total Country

3,576.95

19,425,956.50

431,999.75

28,360,522.28

Note: The pollutants Arsenic, Benzene, Lead, and Toluene were not estimated for the Metropolitan Region, because the Sanitary Authority did not report the data. The following Figure shows the evolution of facilitiies taken into account when preparing the inventories of atmospheric emissions from 2005 to 2008. Most of this data corresponds to facilitiies reporting under Supreme Decree N° 138/2005, MINSAL.

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Aysén Region of General Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Regions

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Libertador Bernardo O'higgins Region

2005 2006 2007 2008

Tarapacá Region

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Arica and Parinacota Region

Nº of Establishments

Total Establishments Considered in Emissions Inventories from MINSAL, years 2005-2008

Figure 13 Evolution of Facilities Included in the PRTR Fixed Source Air Pollution Inventories, 2005 to 2008.

Shown below are the comparative graphs for the four years included in the report. It is important to point out, when comparing inventories based on declarations made under Supreme Decree Nº 138/2005, MINSAL for the years 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, that the range of sources covered in 2005 is much more limited than for 2006, 2007, and 2008. Furthermore, the basic information used for estimating emissions in 2006, 2007, and 2008 includes corrections and an adjustment of fuel consumption measuring units, which were not applied to 2005 data.

When making comparisons between different years, it should also be remembered that this survey instrument is still at the trial stage, and therefore any comparisons made can only serve to detect improvements made in the coverage and the quality of the information collected. At present, it is still not possible to have a definitive inventory of emissions. At this point, it should be pointed out that starting last year, declarations can be made through the Internet, and this should improve both the coverage and the quality of data registered in the PRTR. Another point to be stressed is that, starting this year, the “Calculator of Emissions” is in use. This will guarantee the use of a standardized methodology and shorter data processing times, and will also be very useful for reviewing the information declared. It should be mentioned that this new system is also being applied in the Metropolitan Region. PM 10: Total Emissions into the Atmosphere; D.S. MINSAL 138/2005 and CONAMA Release Inventory (Inventario de Emisiones CONAMA) 30000 25000

Ton/year

20000

15000 10000 5000

2006 2007

Metropolitan Region

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Aysén Region of General Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2005

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Regions

2008

Figure 14: National Emissions of PM10 into the Atmosphere from Fixed Sources, 2005 to 2008.

PM 2.5: Total Emissions into the Atmosphere; D.S. MINSAL 138/2005 and CONAMA Release Inventory (Inventario de Emisiones CONAMA)

14000

12000

Ton/year

10000 8000 6000 4000 2000

2006 2007

Regions

Metropolitan Region

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

2005

Aysén Region of General Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

2008

Figure 15: National Emissions of PM2.5 into the Atmosphere from Fixed Sources, 2005 to 2008.

Increases in emissions of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in 2006 compared to 2005 are due to increases from the following sources: In Antofagasta Region, a declaration by the “Alto Norte” copper smelter. In Atacama Region, a declaration by the Potrerillos Smelter. In BioBio Region, declarations from furnaces in the cellulose industry. CO: Total Emissions into the Atmosphere; D.S. MINSAL 138/2005 and CONAMA Release Inventory (Inventario de Emisiones CONAMA)

45000 40000

35000 Ton/year

30000

25000 20000

15000 10000

5000

2006 2007

Regions

Metropolitan Region

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Aysén Region of General Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2005

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

2008

Figure 16: National Emissions of CO into the Atmosphere from Fixed Sources, 2005 to 2008.

The greater amounts of CO emissions in Antofagasta and Valparaíso Regions in 2005 are due to corrections in the measuring unit for the consumption of a certain fuel.

VOC: Total Emissions into the Atmosphere; D.S. MINSAL 138/2005 and CONAMA Release Inventory (Inventario de Emisiones CONAMA)

9000 8000

7000

Ton/year

6000

5000 4000

3000 2000

1000

2005 2006 Regions

2007

Metropolitan Region

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of General Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

2008

Figure 17: National Emissions of VOCs into the Atmosphere from Fixed Sources, 2005 to 2008.

The reduction of VOC emissions in the Antofagasta Region in 2006 is due to corrections in fuel consumption units. For the Metropolitan Region, reductions in VOC emissions starting in 2007 are due to a new solvent-recovery plant inaugurated by the company EDELPA. NOx: Total Emissions into the Atmosphere; D.S. MINSAL 138/2005 and CONAMA Release Inventory (Inventario de Emisiones CONAMA)

25000

Ton/year

20000

15000

10000

5000

2007

Regions

Metropolitan Region

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Aysén Region of General Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2006

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Libertador Bernardo O'higgins Region

2005

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

2008

Figure 18: National Emissions of NOx into the Atmosphere from Fixed Sources, 2005 to 2008.

The increase in NOx emissions in the BioBio Region starting in 2006, is due to a source in the chemical industry that started submitting declarations, and to the greater number of declarations made by facilitiies in the cellulose industry. The reduction reported in Tarapacá Region in 2006 is due to adjustments in the measuring units used by a mining company. The increase in NOx emissions in the Metropolitan Region is due to the greater number of furnaces making declarations, and to higher emissions from steel foundries. In the case of sources in the Metropolitan Region, the number and type of sources has fluctuated over the years.

Increased emissions of NOx in 2008 are due to the fact that, in Antofagasta Region, El Abra mining company began reporting. SOx: Total Emissions into the Atmosphere; D.S. MINSAL 138/2005 and CONAMA Release Inventory (Inventario de Emisiones CONAMA)

250000

Ton/year

200000

150000

100000

50000

2006 2007

Regions

Metropolitan Region

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

2005

Aysén Region of General Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

2008

Figure 19: National Emissions of SOx into the Atmosphere from Fixed Sources, 2005 to 2008.

In Antofagasta Region starting in 2006, the Alto Norte copper smelter started reporting, which led to substantially higher SO2 emission values. NH3: Total Emissions into the Atmosphere; D.S. MINSAL 138/2005 and CONAMA Release Inventory (Inventario de Emisiones CONAMA)

6000 5000

Ton/year

4000

3000 2000 1000

2008

Regions

Metropolitan Region

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

2007

Aysén Region of General Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2006

Libertador Bernardo O'higgins Region

2005

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Figure 20: National Emissions of NH3 into the Atmosphere from Fixed Sources, 2005 to 2008.

The increase in NH3 emissions in Biobio Region for the years 2006 and 2007, corresponds to the greater number of declarations made by companies in the cellulose industry.

Hg: Total Emissions into the Atmosphere; D.S. MINSAL 138/2005 and CONAMA Release Inventory (Inventario de Emisiones CONAMA)

1000000 900000 800000

g/year

700000

600000 500000 400000 300000 200000

100000

2006 2007

Regions

Metropolitan Region

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of General Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Los Ríos Region

Los Lagos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Tarapacá Region

2008

Figure 21: National Emissions of Hg into the Atmosphere from Fixed Sources, 2005 to 2008.

PCDD/F : Total Emissions into the Atmosphere; D.S. MINSAL 138/2005 and CONAMA Release Inventory (Inventario de Emisiones CONAMA) 30000 25000

mg/year

20000 15000 10000 5000

2008

Metropolitan Region

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Ríos Region

Los Lagos Region

Araucanía Region

Aysén Region of General Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2007

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Regions

Figure 22: National Emissions of PCDD/F into the Atmosphere from Fixed Sources, 2005 to 2008.

The increases in mercury pollution in Antofagasta and Valparaíso Regions are due to the greater number of facilitiies reporting.

3.2. Statistics of mobile sources in the largest cities of Chile Following is a summary of the estimated total emissions for 27 Chilean cities, including the following 17 cities7 for which SECTRA has a transport model, and for which it has been possible to create inventories of emissions since the first PRTR report. Furthermore, as of the third report, 10 new cities have been included,8 which are estimated by means of a simplified methodology. As for the methodology used by SECTRA in the 17 cities which have a transportation model, said methodology consists of calculating emissions from vehicle traffic on the basis of models of vehicle traffic flow rates. In other words, the data on the level of activity comes from simulations performed in transportation models which include several variables that affect traffic within a city, for example: land use, population size, types of economic activity, number of vehicles, road grid capacity, etc. These flow scenarios for the different cities are drawn up by SECTRA every five years. Current scenarios are for 2005 and 2010. The simulated vehicle flow scenarios are subsequently supplemented by vehicle counts performed in cities, and by data from various vehicle technologies and specific vehicle numbers by zones. This produces estimates of atmospheric emissions in each city. The vehicular flows for intermediate years are interpolated. Therefore, they are an approximation to the modeled estimates calculated for scenarios every five years. For this reason, emissions reported for intermediate scenarios should be viewed simply as a tendency, and not as an estimate that is directly comparable with the basic scenarios used to create the interpolations. As for the 10 cities estimated with the simplified methodology, the values in the emissions inventories are based on the average kilometers and velocities reported for each type of vehicle in the 17 cities which have transportation models, and these values are used jointly with statistics on each city’s number of vehicles - obtained from the INE and from vehicle technical revision plants - to obtain emission values. In this simplified methodology, just as in the methodology used by SECTRA, vehicles are classified depending on their import classification, making it possible to use the same type of emissions factor in both methodologies. In regard of the results obtained by means of the simplified methodology, these are based on the results of the SECTRA methodology, and therefore can only be taken as reference values. It is important to point out that in the case of the inventories for the years 2005 and 2006, the composition of the vehicle fleets in each of the 17 cities was determined on the basis of information from specific vehicle counts available to SECTRA. Starting with the third report, the compositions of vehicle fleets are determined solely on the basis of data from technical revision plants and vehicle registrations, which are updated annually, unlike the vehicle counts, which correspond to specific campaigns. In general terms, this change in the methodology will affect the tendency when emissions are compared with those of previous years.

Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, Calama, Copiapó, La Serena-Coquimbo, Greater Valparaíso, Greater Santiago, Rancagua, Talca, Chillán, Greater Concepción, Los Angeles, Temuco-Padre las Casas, Valdivia, Osorno, and Puerto Montt 8

Ovalle, San Felipe, Los Andes, San Antonio, San Fernando, Curicó, Linares, Angol, Coihaique, and Punta Arenas

Shown below is the composition of the vehicle fleet per type of vehicle at national level, for each of the 27 cities included in the 2007 study.

Total Vehicles by Vehicle Type Country Total, Year 2008 Buses 2%

Collective taxis 2%

Trucks 4%

Motorcycles 3%

Light vehicles 89%

Figure 23: Total Vehicles in Chile, 2008.

Source: INE

Total Vehicles 2008 100% 90% 80%

60% 50%

Punta Arenas

Metropolitan Region

Valdivia

Coihaique

Osorno

Puerto Montt

Angol

Temuco

Concepción

Chillán

Los Ángeles

Talca

Linares

Curicó

Rancagua

San Fernando

Los Andes

Valparaíso

San Felipe

Ovalle

San Antonio

Light vehicles La Serena

Motorcycles

Calama

Collective taxis

10% Copiapó

Buses

20%

Antofagasta

Trucks

30%

Arica

40%

Iquique

Percentage

70%

Cities

Figure 24: Total Vehicles for 27 cities, 2008.

Source: INE

The following tables show total emissions for the 2005-2008 scenarios for the 27 cities: Table 10: Total Emissions from Mobile Sources, 2005-2008, from 27 cities (17 cities with the Transportation Model and 10 cities Estimated using the Simplified Methodology) tons/year Cities

Arica Iquique Antofagasta Calama Copiapó La SerenaCoquimbo Ovalle Gran Valparaíso San Felipe Los Andes San Antonio Rancagua San Fernando Curicó Talca Linares Chillán Gran Concepción Los Angeles Angol Temuco- PLC Valdivia Osorno Puerto Montt Coyhaique Punta Arenas Gran Santiago Total Country

COV

PM10

PM2.5

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

498

816

637

1,412

1,773

1,543

1,602

480

458

401

414

106

1,634

1,771

1,374

745

2,301

3,179

3,178

351

591

831

780

810

756

637

983

947

953

677

266

258

266

142

614

488

558

672

216

169

158

226

316

479

307

460

188

203

202

1,783

1,880

1,482

722

1,128

822

816

793

312

237

227

151

230

244

3,110

1,864

2,698

2,173

2,287

2,316

2,251

1,060

647

668

608

235

191

205

187

197

173

191

998

553

424

941

3,300

1,634

1,543

216

822

407

380

159

176

313

341

100

617

732

701

1,222

184

203

696

175

180

229

251

594

650

581

413

352

252

250

285

103

2,432

3,221

2,185

2,367

3,798

3,894

3,854

1,552

1,091

1,098

1,057

361

632

370

393

938

359

338

333

152

124

138

938

1,047

784

1,101

399

473

559

765

128

149

163

148

411

296

309

531

223

241

244

194

626

630

640

342

319

325

310

434

106

717

518

561

610

207

327

319

362

172

190

556

572

223

18,173

14,428

11,688

11,193

15,167

19,287

16,857

12,512

4,036

5,478

4,488

2,304

9,417

4,147

34,873

30,000

28,412

28,983

33,183

34,519

34,945

20,626

8,935

9,714

Table 11: Total Emissions from Mobile Sources, 2005-2008, from 27 cities (17 cities with the Transportation Model and 10 cities Estimated using the Simplified Methodology) tons/year Cities

Arica Iquique Antofagasta Calama Copiapó

NOx

SOx

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

785

825

995

1,188

9,016

7,828

8,140

2,288

1,353

2,092

1,600

1,032

11,709

16,093

16,084

1,596

124

1,313

1,314

1,348

1,223

4,883

4,694

4,676

3,259

103

102

848

591

505

583

989

782

731

1,106

507

479

379

462

867

976

968

La SerenaCoquimbo Ovalle

1,704

1,706

1,141

1,180

5,580

3,985

4,011

3,904

265

294

360

Gran Valparaíso San Felipe

4,802

3,958

3,772

3,435

11,130

11,181

11,114

4,979

178

232

202

254

276

213

230

276

Los Andes San Antonio Rancagua San Fernando Curicó Talca Linares Chillán Gran Concepción Los Angeles Angol Temuco- PLC Valdivia Osorno Puerto Montt Coyhaique Punta Arenas Gran Santiago Total Country

363

412

315

1,364

718

542

619

16,958

8,396

7,954

1,050

162

214

231

354

435

446

696

769

672

800

861

935

3,515

822

232

324

318

628

619

540

502

1,697

1,189

1,190

1,393

6,014

6,454

5,110

4,846

18,525

19,104

19,090

7,231

315

371

113

702

310

264

539

1,770

1,694

1,686

733

114

119

236

173

1,154

1,251

1,138

1,286

1,846

2,212

2,697

3,759

563

417

364

489

1,048

1,162

1,180

930

643

696

715

669

1,530

1,506

1,396

2,084

685

620

504

518

961

1,579

1,562

1,811

157

270

259

548

681

1,059

30,310

29,547

19,568

20,454

73,961

94,291

84,167

62,000

133

132

113

124

43,173

163,331

169,212

173,882

100,101

1,379

1,369

498

481

54,071

51,647

41,772

Table 12: Total Emissions from Mobile Sources, 2005-2008, from 27 cities (17 cities with the Transportation Model and 10 cities Estimated using the Simplified Methodology) tons/year

Cities

NH3

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

2008

Arica

2,400

3,299

3,841

3,459

Iquique

10,281

12,245

5,540

3,726

Antofagasta

4,321

4,351

3,577

2,747

Calama

5,880

4,762

4,740

3,208

Copiapó

2,187

3,268

2,017

1,655

La SerenaCoquimbo Ovalle

9,426

10,174

3,885

3,182

867

853

Gran Valparaíso

28,555

14,082

16,004

14,297

116

119

132

San Felipe

665

629

Los Andes

631

602

San Antonio Rancagua San Fernando

577

576

8,358

5,221

2,903

1,850

594

590

Curicó

1,206

1,182

Talca

3,847

5,223

3,081

3,474

Linares

900

924

Chillán

3,068

3,514

2,152

1,854

Gran Concepción

17,445

24,196

10,540

12,421

100

Los Angeles

5,542

1,256

1,054

2,391

Angol

473

482

Temuco- PLC

6,259

6,224

4,138

2,615

Valdivia

2,716

1,307

662

1,188

Osorno

3,110

2,218

1,675

1,217

Puerto Montt

4,946

3,355

2,209

1,434

Coyhaique

566

507

Punta Arenas

2,518

2,280

Gran Santiago

183,093

86,289

63,458

69,552

880

619

632

878

301,433

185,762

140,473

138,896

1,253

1,150

1,438

Total Country

961

Table 13: Total Emissions from Mobile Sources, 2005-2008, from 27 cities (17 cities with the Transportation Model and 10 cities Estimated using the Simplified Methodology)

Cities

PCDD/F (mg/year) 2005 2006

Arica

Iquique

Antofagasta

Calama

Copiapó

La SerenaCoquimbo Ovalle

Gran Valparaíso

San Felipe

Los Andes

San Antonio

Rancagua

San Fernando

Curicó

Talca

Linares

Chillán

Gran Concepción

Los Angeles

Angol

Temuco- PLC

Valdivia

Osorno

Puerto Montt

Coyhaique

Punta Arenas

Gran Santiago

Total Country

Hg (g/year)

2007 2.66

2008 2.67

4.99

4.37

3.82

3.02

1.20 1.01 2.88 0.64

1.21 1.05

1.02 9.76

0.44

0.73 0.90

0.90

1.36

1.69

1.42

0.43 0.86

0.72 1.42

1.86

1.73

0.57

0.98

1.62

1.51

17.96

16.12

0.86

1.18

0.35

0.63

3.32

3.30

0.76

0.84

1.27

1.59

1.61

1.08

0.47

0.66

1.72 61.76 128.04

2006

2.96

11.79

0.59

2005

2.21 63.46 127.90

2007

2008

22.49

25.16

45.14

49.40

47.71

50.16

38.09

34.12

15.39

17.20

37.91

35.87

7.66

11.53

153.97

143.26

6.19

7.97

6.38

8.70

7.93

11.73

23.59

22.09

5.45

7.42

10.45

13.50

24.64

24.98

7.37

9.20

18.72

18.13

155.35

151.59

8.32

16.34

3.50

5.62

34.94

32.41

10.30

14.09

27.29

18.97

22.39

19.97

5.96

7.32

18.51

22.36

784.47

1,096.39

1,550.13

1,875.46

The following Figures compare emissions for the 27 cities that have a transportation model, for the years 2005 to 2008. VOC: Releases from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road Sources) 27 Cities 20,000

18,000 16,000

(Ton/year)

14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000

4,000 2,000

2007

Greater Santiago

Coyhaique

Punta Arenas

Puerto Montt

Osorno

Valdivia

Angol

Temuco- PLC

Los Angeles

Chillán

Linares

Talca

Curicó

Rancagua

San Fernando

Los Andes

San Antonio

San Felipe

Ovalle

Greater Concepción

2006

Greater Valparaíso

2005

La Serena-Coquimbo

Calama

Copiapó

Antofagasta

Arica

Iquique

Cities

2008

Figure 25: Total VOC Emissions from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road), 2005- 2008.

Note: VOC emissions include emissions per exhaust pipe and per type of volatile substance emission. TSP: Releases from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road Sources) 27 Cities

100,000 90,000

80,000

(Ton/year)

70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000

2008

Punta Arenas

Greater Santiago

Coyhaique

Puerto Montt

Osorno

Valdivia

Temuco- PLC

Angol

Los Angeles

Chillán

Linares

Greater Concepción

Cities

Talca

Curicó

Rancagua

San Fernando

San Antonio

Los Andes

San Felipe

Ovalle

Copiapó

Calama

Greater Valparaíso

2007

La Serena-Coquimbo

2006

Antofagasta

Arica 2005

Iquique

Figure 26: Total TSP Emissions from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road), 2005- 2008.

Arica

2007

2008

Chillán

Linares

2,000

1,000

Copiapó

Calama

Antofagasta

Ovalle

Puerto Montt

Osorno

Valdivia

Temuco- PLC

Angol

Los Angeles

Greater Concepción

Chillán

Linares

Talca

Curicó

San Fernando

Rancagua

San Antonio

Los Andes

San Felipe

Punta Arenas

3,000

Greater Santiago

4,000

Punta Arenas

5,000

Greater Santiago

PM 2.5 Releases from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road Sources) 27 Cities Coyhaique

Figure 27: Total PM10 Emissions from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road), 2005- 2008.

Coyhaique

Puerto Montt

Osorno

Valdivia

Temuco- PLC

Angol

Los Angeles

Arica

Iquique

Greater Valparaíso

Cities

Greater Concepción

Cities

Talca

Curicó

San Fernando

Rancagua

San Antonio

Los Andes

San Felipe

Greater Valparaíso

2008

La Serena-Coquimbo

2007

Ovalle

2006

La Serena-Coquimbo

2006

Copiapó

6,000

Calama

2005

Antofagasta

2005

Iquique

(Ton/year) (Ton/year)

PM 10: Releases from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road Sources) 27 Cities

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

Figure 28: Total PM 2.5 Emissions from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road), 2005- 2008.

NOx: Releases from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road Sources) 27 Cities 35,000 30,000

(Ton/year)

25,000 20,000

15,000 10,000 5,000

Coyhaique

Punta Arenas

Greater Santiago

Coyhaique

Punta Arenas

Greater Santiago

Osorno

Puerto Montt

Valdivia

Temuco- PLC

Angol

Los Angeles

Chillán

Talca

Linares

Curicó

Rancagua

San Fernando

San Antonio

Los Andes

San Felipe

Ovalle

Greater Concepción

2007

Greater Valparaíso

Calama

Copiapó

2006

La Serena-Coquimbo

2005

Antofagasta

Arica

Iquique

Cities

2008

Figure 29: Total NOx Emissions from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road), 2005- 2008. SOx: Releases from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road Sources) 27 Cities 400

(Ton/year)

350 300

250 200 150 100 50

2008

Puerto Montt

Osorno

Valdivia

Temuco- PLC

Angol

Los Angeles

Chillán

Greater Concepción

Linares

Talca

Curicó

San Fernando

Rancagua

San Antonio

Los Andes

San Felipe

Ovalle

Copiapó

Calama

Greater Valparaíso

2007

La Serena-Coquimbo

2006

Antofagasta

2005

Iquique

Arica

Cities

Figure 30: Total SOx Emissions from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road), 2005- 2008.

Decreases in emissions are due to modifications made by ENAP (the National Petroleum Company) in terms of the sulphur content of fuel, and also to lower flow rates of buses and/or trucks.

CO: Releases from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road Sources) 27 Cities

200,000 180,000

(Ton/year)

160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000

20,000

2008

Punta Arenas

Greater Santiago

Coyhaique

Osorno

Puerto Montt

Valdivia

Temuco- PLC

Angol

Los Angeles

Chillán

Talca

Linares

Curicó

Rancagua

San Fernando

Los Andes

San Antonio

Ovalle

San Felipe

Cities

Greater Concepción

2007

Greater Valparaíso

Calama

Copiapó

2006

La Serena-Coquimbo

2005

Antofagasta

Arica

Iquique

Figure 31: Total CO Emissions from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road), 2005- 2008.

The decrease in emissions of the pollutant CO starting in 2007, is due to changes in the methodology for defining the composition of the vehicle fleet. For the years 2005 and 2006, compositions were determined on the basis of vehicle counts, while for the years 2007 and 2008 they were determined on the basis of data from the INE and from technical revision plants. NH3: Releases from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road Sources) 27 Cities 1,000

900 800 (Ton/year)

700 600

500 400 300 200

100

2008

Greater Santiago

Punta Arenas

Coyhaique

Puerto Montt

Osorno

Valdivia

Temuco- PLC

Angol

Los Angeles

Chillán

Linares

Greater Concepción

Cities

Talca

Curicó

Rancagua

San Fernando

San Antonio

Los Andes

San Felipe

Ovalle

Copiapó

Calama

Greater Valparaíso

2007

La Serena-Coquimbo

2006

Antofagasta

Arica 2005

Iquique

Figure 32: Total NH3 Emissions from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road), 2005- 2008.

The high level of emissions of the pollutant NH3 in the Metropolitan Region in 2005 are due to the fact that average transportation runs for 2006 and 2007 correspond to intermediate runs that were extrapolated, based on a new run modified for the year 2005.

2008

Copiapó

Calama

Antofagasta

Greater Santiago

Punta Arenas

Coyhaique

Puerto Montt

Osorno

Valdivia

Temuco- PLC

Angol

Los Angeles

Ovalle

Greater Santiago

Punta Arenas

Coyhaique

Puerto Montt

Osorno

Valdivia

Temuco- PLC

Angol

Los Angeles

Greater Concepción

Chillán

Linares

Talca

Curicó

San Fernando

Rancagua

San Antonio

Los Andes

San Felipe

Greater Valparaíso

Cities

Greater Concepción

Chillán

Linares

Talca

Curicó

San Fernando

Rancagua

San Antonio

Los Andes

San Felipe

Greater Valparaíso

Copiapó

Calama

La Serena-Coquimbo

2008

Ovalle

Arica Iquique Antofagasta

2007

La Serena-Coquimbo

2007

Iquique

Arica

(mg/year)

(g/year)

Hg: Releases from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road Sources) 27 Cities

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

Figure 33: Total Hg Emissions from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road), 2005- 2008.

PCDD/F: Releases from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road Sources) 27 Cities

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00

Cities

Figure 34: Total PCDD/F Emissions from Diffuse Sources (Mobile On-Road), 2005- 2008.

In general, the fluctuations shown by all emissions graphs reflect the combined effect of changes in the composition of total vehicles, and of growth in the total number of vehicles. In relation to the composition of total vehicles, the entry of new vehicles implies a reduction of emissions, while the greater total number of vehicles implies higher emissions. In the case of Greater Santiago, the database used in 2008 includes new vehicle-count data supplied by SECTRA, based on the study undertaken in order to update the MODEM V 5.0 system, which implied updating vehicle fleet compositions and the temporal profiles of the growth of traffic. In relation to the emissions model, the 2005 to 2007 PRTR scenarios were developed using the MODEM II system, while for 2008, SECTRA’s new MODEM 5.0 system was used. In general, in order to avoid sudden changes in the methodology, the emissions factors were kept unchanged, and the new model was run using velocities taken directly from the transportation model, without using BPR functions (flow delays). Nevertheless, vehicle categories were updated by including light diesel-powered vehicles, and there are also some differences in the method for estimating vehicle flows in non-peak hours, because in the new MODEM version, these are taken directly from the run in the transportation model without using the profiles of temporal growth. Finally, in some extreme cases, there are differences between MODEM II and MODEM 5.0 criteria for assigning directions to the arcs, and this can also introduce variations into flows, and consequently, into emissions.

3.3. Liquid Waste Emission Statistics This section presents data on emissions based on SISS’s application of pollution regulations associated with the discharge of liquid waste in the country. They are derived from Supreme Decree No. 609/1998 of the Ministry of Public Works, which regulates sewer system releases; Supreme Decree No. 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES, which regulates release into ocean and continental surface water; Supreme Decree 46/2002 of MINSEGPRES, which regulates releases into underwater sources; and D.S. No. 80/2006 of MINSEGPRES, which sets out molybdenum and sulfate emissions standards for effluents released from tailings dams into the Carén Estuary. Figures containing emissions reported by DIRECTEMAR are presented below. This is the third year that the entity has provided information in compliance with Supreme Decree No. 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES for sea emissions. The figures below present the fixed source emissions (in situ emissions) of cadmium, nickel, lead and copper for the entire country classified by industrial sector (ISIC Level 3) for each standard reported by SISS (S.D. 90, S.D. 609, S.D. 46) and DIRECTEMAR (S.D. 90), in which one can appreciate the contributions of the entities responsible for the greatest amounts of pollution.

SISS: Discharge to Sea Water and Inland Water on Site by Industrial Sector. Country Total, Year 2008 Manufacturing industries n.e.c. 4%

Other sectors 0%

Not classified 6%

Mining of copper 35% Manufacture of paper and paper products 55%

Figure 35: Total On-Site Emissions to Sea and Land Water (Fixed Sources) by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), from SISS. Country Total, 2008

Source: SISS

SISS: Discharge to Sewage Systems on Site Country Total, Year 2008 Not classified 2%

Other sectors 12%

Growing of crops combined with farming of animals (mixed farming) 2%

Production, manufacture and preservation of meat, fish, fruits, legumes, vegetables, oils and fats. 19%

Manufacture of other fabricated metal products; metalworking service activities 41%

Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics and articles 9% Manufacture of Basic Iron and Steel 15%

Figure 36: Discharges of Liquid Waste by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), from SISS. Country Total, 2008

Source: SISS

SISS: Discharge to Ground Water on Site by Industrial Sector Country Total, Year 2008 Other sectors 0,28%

Manufacture of other textile products 0,18%

Manufacture of primary precious and non-ferrous metal products 99,54%

Figure 37: Discharge to Ground Water by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), from SISS. Country Total, 2008

Source: SISS

SISS: Discharge of Molybdenum and Sulfates to Sea Water and Inland Water on Site by Industrial Sector Country Total, Year 2008

Mining of Copper 100%

Figure 38: Discharge to Ground Water by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), from SISS. Country Total, 2008

Source: SISS

Manufacture of other food products 1%

DIRECTEMAR: DS 90 Country Total, Year 2008 Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities 8% Provision of community services in general 2%

Production, manufacture and preservation of meat, fish, fruits, legumes, vegetables, oils and fats. 2%

Other sectors 2%

Production, transmission and distribution of electricity 85%

Figure 39: Total Emissions to Sea and Land Water on-site (Fixed Sources) by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), from DIRECTEMAR. Country Total, 2008

Figure 38 indicates the number of facilitiies and measurements in ducts reported by SISS for 2005 - 2008: Nยบ of Controlled Establishments and Ducts [SISS]

Nยบ of Registers

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Establishments

Nยบ of Ducts

SISS 2005 SISS 2006 SISS 2007 SISS 2008

Figure 40: Number of records reported by SISS, 2005-2008.

The table below lists emissions from the application by SISS of pollution regulations associated with the discharge of liquid waste in the country given in S.D. No. 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES which regulates ocean water and continental surface water releases and S.D. No. 46/2002 of MINSEGPRES which regulates releases into underground water sources for 2008:

Table 14: Discharge of Liquid Waste to Marine Surface and Groundwater (ton/year).

Region Arica and Parinacota Region Tarapacá Region Antofagasta Region Atacama Region Coquimbo Region Valparaíso Region Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’Higgins Region Maule Region Biobío Region La Araucanía Region Los Ríos Region Los Lagos Region Aisén del Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region Magallanes and Chilean Antartic Region Santiago Metropolitan Region

Total

Cadmium

Mercury

Nickel

4.7318 0.0193 0.279 0.1086 0.0532 0.0895 0.099 0.0018 0.0045 0.0801 5.467

0.3199 0.0004 0.0342 0.0701 0.0071 0 0.0482 0 0.0001 0.0087 0.489

0.0512 0.024 1.3233 0.9045 0.8833 0.8945 0.3378 0.0003 0.0001 0.9523 5.371

Table 15: Discharge of Liquid Waste to Marine Surface and Groundwater (ton/year).

Region

Lead

Ammoniacal nitrogen

Phosphorus Total

Total

9.2609 0.0125 1.3373 2.5523 0.2637 0.0003 0.11 0.0023 0.0331 0.4203 13.993

8.97 1.1715 0.9258 2.7684 3.572 17.408

3.9067 4.2165 25.2013 28.5455 110.1883 241.0412 329.153 481.688 1,279.28 35.2223 0.0582 206.7531 2,745.25

Figures produced through SISS’s application of regulations on pollutants associated with the release of liquid waste in the country for 2005-2008: Total Cadmium Discharge Ton/year

2008

Regions

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

2007

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2006

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2005

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

Figure 41: Total Discharge of Cadmium, by application of the regulations in force, 2005-2008 (SISS)

Source: SISS ENAMI, Fundición Hernán Videla Lira, reported an emission of 1.831 tons/year of cadmium for 2007. This represents 98.5% of the total amount released in Region III and 69% of the total released at national level. The amount for 2008 is 4.73 tons/year, which reflects an increase of 158%, positioning it as the country’s largest source given that it is responsible for 86.6% of the total amount released. A list of the companies that were responsible for the greatest Cd emissions for 2008 is presented below. The entities are grouped by the Supreme Decree that regulates them: Table 16 List of the Companies with the highest Cd Emissons, 2008, S.D. Nº 46/2002 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Cd Company EMPRESA NACIONAL DE MINERIA (Hernán Videla Lira Fundition) CIA MINERA DEL PACIFICO S A (Huasco) CIA MINERA MANTOS DE ORO (La Coipa Minig) RENTAPACK S A (Quilicura) SERVICIOS ACUICOLAS Y DE REDES LA PALOMA LTDA (Aysén) EMPRESA DE TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS COPIULEMU S A (Concepción)

Emission (ton/year) 4.7294 0.001712 0.000726 0.000043 0.000004 0.000003

Table 17 List of the Companies with the highest Cd Emissions, 2008, S.D. Nº 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Cd Company CODELCO CHILE ( Andina Divition) CODELCO CHILE (El Teniente Divition) CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCION S A (Valdivia Plant) CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCION S A (Nueva Aldea Mill) PAPELES CORDILLERA S A (Puente Alto) CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCION S A (Licancel Plant) ENAP REFINERIAS S A (Concón) ESVAL S A (Valparaíso) CMPC TISSUE S A (Talagante) MINERA LOS PELAMBRES (Las Hualtatas)

Emission (ton/year) 0,22325 0,09844 0,09598 0,08944 0,05879 0,04772 0,02581 0,02 0,01428 0,01419

2008

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Bío Bío Region

Regions

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2007

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2006

0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

Total Mercury Discharge Ton/year

Figure 42: Total Mercury Discharge, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2005-2008 (SISS)

Source: SISS Mercury emissions for 2005 are not given because they present a range of elevated values as compared to 2006 and 2007. This situation is probably a result of the reporting of emissions using different units of measure, which was corrected from 2006 onwards. ENAMI, Fundición Hernán Videla Lira, reported emissions of 0.103 tons/year of mercury in 2007, which represents 99% of the total for Region III and 53.6% of the total for the country. The amount for 2008 was 0.319 tons/year, which reflects an increase of 206%, situating it as the country’s largest source with 65.4% of the total. 62

The table below presents a list of the companies that emitted the greatest amounts of Hg for 2008. The entities are grouped by the Supreme Decree that regulates them:

Table 18 List of the Companies with the highest Hg Emissons, 2008, S.D. Nº 46/2002 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Hg Company EMPRESA NACIONAL DE MINERIA (Hernán Videla Lira Fundition) CIA MINERA MANTOS DE ORO (La Coipa Mining) RENTAPACK S A (Lo Echevers) SERVICIOS ACUICOLAS Y DE REDES LA PALOMA LTDA (Aysén) EMPRESA DE TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS COPIULEMU S A (Concepción) MIGUEL BIANCHINI Y CIA LTDA (Los Andes Plant) SOC PUNTA DEL COBRE SA (PUCOBRE Copiapó)

Emission (g/year) 319.597,60 290,3 22,2 1,8 1,4 0,6 0,5

Table 19 List of the Companies with the highest Hg Emissions, 2008, S.D. Nº 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Hg Company CODELCO CHILE (El Teniente Divition) CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCION S A (Valdivia Plant) CODELCO CHILE (Andina Divition) PAPELES CORDILLERA S A (Puente Alto) ENAP REFINERIAS S A (Concón) CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCION S A (Licancel Plant) CIA ELECTRICA SAN ISIDRO S A (Quillota) CARTULINAS CMPC S A ( Maule Plants) ESVAL S A (Valparaíso) CMPC TISSUE S A (Talagante Plant)

Emission (g/year) 69.207,26 47.989,10 22.895,10 5.879,50 5.596,40 4.772,40 3.367,40 2.240,00 2.000,00 1.428,30

Total Nickel Discharge Ton/year 3

2.5 2 Ton/year

1.5 1 0.5 Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Valparaíso Region

Maule Region

Regions

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2008

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

2007

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2006

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Figure 43: Total Nickel Discharge, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2005-2008 (SISS)

Source: SISS Nickel emissions for 2005 are not presented due to the fact that a range of values is elevated compared to 2006 and 2007. This is most likely due to the fact that emissions were reported using different units of measure, a situation that was corrected from 2006 onwards. The greatest amounts of nickel emission for 2008 are reported by CODELCO Chile (Andean Division), with 1.19 tons/year, which represents a 39% decrease compared to the previous year. The table below presents a list of the companies that emitted the greatest amounts of Ni for 2008. The entities are grouped by the Supreme Decree that regulates them: Table 20 List of the Companies with the highest Ni Emissions, 2008, S.D. Nº 46/2002 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Ni Company EMPRESA NACIONAL DE MINERIA ( Hernán Videla Lira Fundition) CIA MINERA MANTOS DE ORO (La Coipa Mining) EMPRESA DE TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS COPIULEMU S A (Concepción) SERVICIOS ACUICOLAS Y DE REDES LA PALOMA LTDA (Aysén)

Emission (ton/year) 0,03446 0,01572 0,00007 0,00001

Table 21 List of the Companies with the highest Ni Emissions, 2008, S.D. Nº 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Ni Company CODELCO CHILE (Andina Divition) CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCION S A ( Nueva Aldea) CODELCO CHILE (El teniente Divition) CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCION S A (Licancel Plant) PAPELES CORDILLERA S A (Puente Alto) CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCION S A (Valdivia Plant) CIA PAPELERA DEL PACIFICO S A (San Francisco de Mostazal) CARTULINAS CMPC S A ( Maule Plant) ESVAL S A (Valparaíso) PAPELES INDUSTRIALES S A (Lampa) CMPC TISSUE S A (Talagante Plant)

Emission (ton/year) 1,1194 0,8944 0,7698 0,7636 0,7481 0,2928 0,1316 0,1172 0,1020 0,0736 0,0714

Total Lead Discharge Ton/year

14 12 10

Ton/year

8 6 4 2 Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Maule Region

Regions

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

2008

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2007

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2006

Tarapacá Region

2005

Arica and Parinacota Region

Figure 44: Total Lead Discharge, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2005-2008 (SISS)

ENAMI, Fundición Hernán Videla Lira, reported 2007 emissions of 2.222 tons/year for lead. This represents 98.8% of the total emitted for Region III and 36.5% of the national total. The emission for 2008 was 9.18 tons/year, which reflects a 313% increase, making it the country’s greatest emitter with 66.18% of the total emitted. 65

Lead emissions for 2005 have a range of elevated values as compared to 2006. This is probably due to the fact that emissions were reported using different units of measure. The situation was corrected in 2006. The table below presents a list of the companies that emitted the greatest amounts of Pb for 2008. The entities are grouped by the Supreme Decree that regulates them: Table 22 List of the Companies with the highest Pb Emissons, 2008, S.D. Nº 46/2002 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Pb Company EMPRESA NACIONAL DE MINERIA (Hernán Videla Lira Fundition) CIA MINERA DEL PACIFICO S A (Huasco) CIA MINERA MANTOS DE ORO (La Coipa Mining) BATERIAS COSMOS LTDA (Lampa) GUACOLDA ELVIRA SILVA MORAGA ( Puerto Montt) EMPRESA DE TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS COPIULEMU S A (Concepción) CRISTALERIAS DE CHILE S A (Padre Hurtado) SERVICIOS ACUICOLAS Y DE REDES LA PALOMA LTDA (Aysén) ROJAS Y SANCHEZ LIMITADA (Chonchi)

Emission (ton/year) 9,1815064 0,069191 0,0101606 0,0016127 0,0005504 0,000058 0,000048 0,000044 0,00000 2

Table 23 List of the Companies with the highest Pb Emissions, 2008, S.D. Nº 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Pb Company CODELCO CHILE (El Teniente Divition) CODELCO CHILE (Andina Divition) PAPELES CORDILLERA S A (Puente Alto) CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCION S A (Licancel Plant) CELULOSA ARAUCO Y CONSTITUCION S A (Valdivia Plant) ESVAL S A (Valparaíso) ENAP REFINERIAS S A (Concón) CMPC TISSUE S A (Talagante Plant) CIA PAPELERA DEL PACIFICO S A (San Francisco de Mostazal) PAPELES INDUSTRIALES S A (Lampa)

Emission (ton/year) 2,501 1,146 0,294 0,259 0,096 0,082 0,077 0,071 0,041 0,037

2005

2006

2008

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Regions

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Regions

Araucanía Region

2008

Bío Bío Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2007

Maule Region

2500

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

2006

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2007

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

2005

Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen Discharge Ton/year

Figure 45: Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen Discharge, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2005-2008 (SISS)

Total Total Phosphorus Discharge Ton/year

2000

1500

1000

500

Figure 46: Total Phosphorus Discharge, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2005-2008 (SISS)

In 2007, Empresa Hugo Najle H. reported emissions of 1,837.103 tons/year of phosphorus in the Biobío Region, which represented 80% of the total emitted in the region and 51% of the total emitted nationally. No information for the company was reported in 2008. Phosphorus emissions for 2005 have higher values as compared to 2006. This is most likely the result of the fact that emissions were reported in different units of measure. This situation was corrected from 2006 onwards.

From this year, releases associated with Ministry of Public Works Supreme Decree No. 609/1998 regulating sewer system releases are being reported as transfers. This is due to the fact that Chile joined the OECD, which mandates that this type of release be reported as transfers. In order to have comparable series over time, the releases reported for 2005 through 2007 were modified in the same way. Transfers of liquid waste are listed below. The data comes from the SISS’s application of pollutant regulations associated with the discharge of liquid waste in the country issued through Ministry of Public Works Supreme Decree No. 609/1998, which regulates releases into the sewer system.

Table 24: Transfers of Liquid Waste to Sewage System (ton/year).

Total

Cadmium

Mercury

Nickel

0.0002 1.1424 0.0002 0.0027 0.0007 0.0108 0 0.0364 1.193

0 0.003 0.0003 0 0.0009 0 0.004 0.008

0.0011 0 0.0035 0.0209 0.011 0.0317 0 1.3882 1.456

Table 25: Transfers of Liquid Waste to Sewage System (ton/year). Lead

Region

Ammoniacal nitrogen

Phosphorus Total

0.0011 0.0011 0.0028 0.0151 0.0002 0.0096 0.0008 0.0001 0.3824

56.2738 7.3006 1.1294 36.2289 17.3379 15.6192 61.306 4,060.62 11.5852 6.3926 160.7304 23.9872 476.0913 4,934.61

11.7302 1.9698 0.0087 14.0393 5.2166 18.5433 32.2383 335.4507 5.9237 6.6686 106.5524 0.0042 0.7689 417.6127 956.727

Total

0.413

Cadmium Transfers Ton/year 1.2 1 0.8

Ton/year

0.6 0.4 0.2

2008

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Maule Region

Regions

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

2007

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2006

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2005

Arica and Parinacota Region

Figure 47: Transfers of Cadmium, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2005-2008 (SISS)

A list of the companies that were responsible for the greatest number of Cd transfers for 2008 is presented below:

Table 26 List of the Companies with the Highest Cd Transfers, 2008, S.D. Nº 609/1998 of MOP

Pollutant Cd Company

Emission (ton/year) 1,1424 0,0071 0,0059

CIA PESQUERA CAMANCHACA S A (Caldera) SANTISTA TEXTIL CHILE S A (Chiguayante) FABRICA DE PAPELES CARRASCAL S A (Quinta Normal) COBRE CERRILLOS S A (Cerrillos) CTI COMPANIA TECNO INDUSTRIAL S A (Maipú) FABRICA DE PERNOS Y TORNILLOS AMERICAN SCREW DE CHILE LIMITADA (Maipú) PERSTORP S A (Viña del Mar) CMPC CELULOSA S A (Laja Plant) CROSSVILLE FABRIC CHILE S A (Tomé) VIRUTEX ILKO S A (Cerrillos)

0,0033 0,0027 0,0021 0,0021 0,0018 0,0016 0,0015

Mercury Transfers Ton/year 0.25 0.2

Ton/year

0.15 0.1 0.05

2007

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2006

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2005

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Regions

2008

Figure 48: Transfers of Mercury, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2008 (SISS)

A list of the companies that were responsible for the greatest number of Hg transfers for 2008 is presented below:

Table 27 List of the Companies with the Highest Hg Transfers, 2008, S.D. Nº 609/1998 of MOP

Pollutant Hg Company CIMM TECNOLOGIAS Y SERVICIOS S A (Coquimbo) INESA CHILE SA (Maipú) SANTISTA TEXTIL CHILE S A (Chiguayante) FABRICA DE PAPELES CARRASCAL S A (Quinta Normal) PERSTORP S A (Viña del Mar) CROSSVILLE FABRIC CHILE S A (Tomé) ARJA TEXTIL LIMITADA (Quinta Normal) MANUFACTURAS EBLEN S A (Macul) COMERCIAL ALAMEDA LIMITADA (Macul) QUIMETAL INDUSTRIAL S A (Maipú)

Emission (g/year) 2.898,10 2.121,60 709,5 586,9 210,6 160,3 102,6 100,2 78,4 64,8

Nickel Transfers Ton/year 1.6 1.4

1.2

Ton/year

0.8 0.6

0.4 0.2

2008

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

2007

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2006

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2005

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Regions

Figure 49: Transfers of Nickel, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2008 (SISS)

A list of the companies that were responsible for the greatest number of Ni transfers for 2008 is presented below:

Table 28 List of the Companies with the Highest Ni Transfers, 2008, S.D. Nº 609/1998 of MOP

Pollutant Ni Company

Emission (ton/year) 0,4652 0,1554 0,118 0,0939

PATRICIO LIOI Y CIA LTDA (Santiago) METALURGICA LINO HENRIQUE SA (La Pintana) VIRUTEX ILKO S A (Cerrillos) FABRICA DE PAPELES CARRASCAL S A (Quinta Normal) COBRE CERRILLOS S A (Cerrillos) CTI COMPANIA TECNO INDUSTRIAL S A (Maipú) FABRICA DE PERNOS Y TORNILLOS AMERICAN SCREW DE CHILE LIMITADA (Maipú) INDALUM S A (San Bernardo) IND DE CROMADOS Y GALVANOPLASTIA S A (San Joaquín) MADECO S A (San Miguel)

0,0532 0,0435 0,0341 0,032 0,0287 0,027

Total Lead Discharge Ton/year 0.5 0.45

0.4 0.35

Ton/year

0.3

0.25 0.2 0.15

0.1 0.05

2007 2008

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2006

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2005

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Regions

Figure 50: Transfers of Lead, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2008 (SISS)

A list of the companies that were responsible for the greatest number of Pb transfers for 2008 is presented below:

Table 29 List of Companies with the Highest Pb Transfers, 2008, S.D. Nº 609/1998 of MOP

Pollutant Pb Company FABRICA DE PAPELES CARRASCAL S A (Quinta Normal) COBRE CERRILLOS S A (Cerrillos) CTI COMPANIA TECNO INDUSTRIAL S A (Maipú) CLARIANT COLORQUIMICA CHILE LTDA (Maipú) MADECO S A (San Miguel) MANUFACTURAS METALURGICAS RHEEM CHILENA LIMITADA (Maipú) FABRICA DE PERNOS Y TORNILLOS AMERICAN SCREW DE CHILE LIMITADA (Maipú) PATRICIO LIOI Y CIA LTDA (Santiago) ARJA TEXTIL LIMITADA (Quinta Normal) MANUFACTURAS EBLEN S A (Macul)

Emission (ton/year) 0,0645612 0,0365508 0,0299376 0,0202788 0,01609104 0,0150612 0,0125796 0,0120516 0,011286 0,011022

Ammoniacal Nitrogen Transfers Ton/year 4500 4000

3500 3000

Ton/year

2500 2000

1500 1000

500

2007 2008

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2006

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2005

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Regions

Figure 51: Transfers of Ammoniacal Nitrogen, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2008 (SISS)

Total Phosphorus Transfers Ton/year 450 400

350 300

Ton/year

250 200 150

100 50

2005

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

2006

2007

Regions

2008

Figure 52: Total Transfers of Phosphorus, by application of the Regulations in Force, 2008 (SISS)

In the table below, emissions are reported based on MINSEGPRES Supreme Decree No. 90/2000, which regulates releases into ocean waters and continental surface waters based on data provided by DIRECTEMAR for 2007 and 2008. Table 30: Discharge of Liquid Waste into Ocean Surface Water and Ground Water (ton/year).

Mercury

Cadmium

Copper

2007

2008

2007

2008

2007

2008

0.0104

0.0021

0.124

0.0212

2.298

0.0424

0.05

0.0453

0.47

0.4151

0.76

0.5348

2.6106

11.3005

9.4256

0.0217

0.1694

0.4043

1.6942

1.962

1.733

0.0102

0.0069

0.1014

0.0763

1.2292

0.3273

0.0237

0.0054

0.227

0.05

2.0071

0.1433

0.0346

0.038

0.3373

0.381

2.0103

0.7621

0.0402

0.022

0.4026

0.215

1.2009

0.215

0.0762

0.0042

0.2023

0.0456

13.3641

0.2165

0.0003

0.003

0.0001

0.267

2.904

2.272

14.199

24.835

13.4

Table 31: Discharge of Liquid Waste into Ocean Surface Water and Ground Water (ton/year).

Lead

Total Phosphorus

2007

2008

2007

2008

0.984

0.1061

2.76

2.079

1.53

47.0915

188.4647

1.063

8.469

4.0867

33.8702

0.51

0.384

0.002

7.996

1.1522

0.2497

0.278

0.1252

5.716

1.337

2.0082

1.075

8.5099

6.88

3.8479

0.2071

9.247

2.4528

0.016

0.628

0.0001

14.025

65.377

24.0886

241.319

1.684

A very low number of ducts was reported for 2006. Emissions were very low and the following parameters were reported below the detection level: Cadmium Cyanide Chromium Hexavalent chromium Mercury As a result, it is not possible to compare releases for 2006 given that the releases are not presented in the figures. The figures below present information on emissions into ocean waters and continental surface sources for the parameters for 2007 and 2008:

The figures below show ocean and continental surface emissions for 2007 and 2008:

Cadmium 2008

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Regions

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Cadmium 2007

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

Sea Emissions by Emitting Establishments Years 2007-2008

Mercury 2007

Mercury 2008

Regions

Figure 53: Total Mercury Discharge, 2007-2008 (DIRECTEMAR)

Source: DIRECTEMAR Sea Emissions by Emitting Establishments Years 2007-2008

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

Figure 54: Total Cadmium Discharge, 2007-2008 (DIRECTEMAR)

Source: DIRECTEMAR

Lead 2008

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Regions

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Regions

Bío Bío Region

Copper 2008

Maule Region

Copper 2007

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

16.0

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

Lead 2007

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

Sea Emissions by Emitting Establishments

14.0

Years 2007-200

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

Figure 55: Total Copper Discharge, 2007-2008 (DIRECTEMAR)

Source: DIRECTEMAR Sea Emissions by Emitting Establishments

50.0 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0

Years 2007-200

Figure 56: Total Lead Discharge, 2007-2008 (DIRECTEMAR)

Source: DIRECTEMAR

Ranking of most emitting companies by pollutant: Table 32 List of the Most Emitting Companies, Pollutant Hg, S.D. Nº 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Hg Company GASATACAMA GENERACIÓN S A (Mejillones) ELECTROANDINA S A (Tocopilla) EMPRESA ELÉCTRICA GUACOLDA S A (Huasco) NORGENER S A (Tocopilla) RAUL ANTONIO TORRES GUZMAN (Chillán) LEVADURAS COLLICO S A (Valdivia) CORPESCA S A (Iquique) AGUAS DEL ALTIPLANO S.A. (Iquique) COMPAÑÍA ELÉCTRICA TARAPACÁ S A (Iquique) CORPESCA S.A. (Iquique)

Emission (ton/year) 0,62126 0,188 0,167 0,13 0,038 0,022 0,015 0,0103 0,01 0,01

Table 33 List of Most Emitting Companies, Pollutant Cd, S.D. Nº 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Cd Company GASATACAMA GENERACIÓN S A (Mejillones) ELECTROANDINA S A (Tocopilla) EMPRESA ELECTRICA GUACOLDA S A (Huasco) NORGENER S A (Tocopilla) RAUL ANTONIO TORRES GUZMAN (Chillán) LEVADURAS COLLICO S A (Valdivia) CORPESCA S A (Iquique) AGUAS DEL ALTIPLANO S.A. (Iquique) COMPAÑÍIA ELÉCTRICA TARAPACÁ S A (Iquique) CORPESCA S A (Iquique)

Emission (ton/year) 6,2126 3,762 1,67 1,3208 0,381038 0,215 0,15 0,113 0,0763 0,07576896

Table 34 List of Most Emitting Companies, Pollutant Pb. S.D. Nº 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES

Pollutant Pb Company GASATACAMA GENERACIÓN S A (Mejillones) ELECTROANDINA S A (Tocopilla) EMPRESA ELECTRICA GUACOLDA S A (Huasco) NORGENER S A (Tocopilla) RAUL ANTONIO TORRES GUZMAN (Chillán) LEVADURAS COLLICO S A (Valdivia) CORPESCA S A (Iquique) AGUAS DEL ALTIPLANO S.A. (Iquique) COMPAÑÍA ELÉCTRICA TARAPACÁ S A (Iquique) CORPESCA S A (Iquique)

Emission (ton/year) 31,06296 9,4061 8,349 6,6 5,716 1,075 0,732 0,587 0,38 0,38

3.4. Statistics from the Hazardous Waste Reporting and Monitoring System (Sistema de Declaraci贸n y Seguimiento de Residuos Peligrosos, SIDREP) The section below presents emissions of hazardous waste transfers (off-site emissions) for the entire country classified by industrial sector (ISIC Level 3). The contribution of the most polluting sectors can be appreciated. Waste Transfers Country Total, Year 2008

Mining of coal and lignite and extraction of peat 5%

Mining of ore-bearing nonferrous minerals, except for copper, uranium, and thorium 10%

Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities 3%

Other Sectors 20%

Mining of copper 10%

Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies 4%

Mining and quarrying n.e.c. 6% Reclycling of waste and nonmetallic waste 21% Manufacture of primary precious and non-ferrous metal products 13%

Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c. 8%

Figure 57: Total Waste Transfer Off-Site Emissions, by Industrial Sector (ISIC 3), Country Total, 2008

Source: SIDREP Methodology: SIDREP, based on MINSAL Supreme Decree No. 148/2004, which approves the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management.

No data was obtained from SIDREP in 2005. No data was obtained for La Araucan铆a, Magallanes or the Chilean Antarctic for 2006 and 2007. Data for all regions were obtained for 2008. A total of 171 facilitiies reported through the website in 2006. This number jumped to 662 in 2007 and again to 1,162 in 2008, as shown in the figures below, which are organized by region:

2006

2008

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

2007

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

ton/year

Nº of Establishments

600

Number of Hazardous Waste Generating Establishments

500

400

300

200

100

2006

2007

2008

Regions

Figure 58: Número de Establecimientos Declarados a Través de la Página Web, Años 2006-2008

Source: SIDREP

The figure below presents the total number of hazardous waste transfers produced in the country by region for 2006, 2007 and 2008. Offsite Transfers Years 2006-2007-2008

180000

160000

140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

Regions

Figure 59: Number of Hazardous Waste Transfers Produced by Region, 2006-2008

Source: SIDREP

Percentage of Hazardous Wastes by ISIC Level 1 2% 3% MINING AND QUARRYING.

29% MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.

66% OTHER SOCIAL AND PERSONAL COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES. Others

Figure 60: Percentage of Hazardous Waste by ISIC Level 1, 2006 Percentage of Hazardous Wastes by ISIC Level 1

2% 2%

2% 6% 35% MINING AND QUARRYING. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER SUPPLY. TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS.

53%

SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICE ACTIVITIES. OTHERS

Figure 61: Percentage of Hazardous Waste by ISIC Level 1, 2007

Percentage of Hazardous Wastes by ISIC Level 1

Mining and quarrying

10% Manufacturing industries

10% Transport, storage and communications

68%

Other community, social and personal service activities Others

Figure 62: Percentage of Hazardous Waste by ISIC Level 1, 2008

Hazardous Waste Distributed by Region ISIC Level 1 18000 16000 14000

10000

8000 6000 4000

Others

2000 Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Maule Region

Bío Bío Region

Valparaíso Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

0 Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

12000

OTHER SOCIAL AND PERSONAL COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. MINING AND QUARRYING.

Regions

Figure 63: Quantity of Hazardous Waste Distributed by Region, ISIC Level 1, 2006

OTHERS

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICE ACTIVITIES.

Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

Hazardous Waste Distributed by Region ISIC Level 1 50000 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0

TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS. ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER SUPPLY. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. MINING AND QUARRYING.

Regions

Figure 64: Quantity of Hazardous Waste Distributed by Region, ISICLevel 1, 2007

Hazardous Waste Distributed by Region ISIC Level 1 50000 45000 40000

Ton/year

35000 30000 25000

20000 15000 10000 Others

5000

Other community, social and personal service activities

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Transport, storage and communications Manufacturing industries Mining and quarrying

Regions

Figure 65: Quantity of Hazardous Waste Distributed by Region, ISIC Level 1, 2008

Source: SIDREP

One of the main economic generator activities is the “mining and quarrying,” which is presented at ISIC Level 2 in the activities outlined in the table below: Table 35: “Mining and Quarrying Economic Activity, ISIC Level 2 C10

MINING OF COAL AND LIGNITE, EXTRACTION OF PEAT.

C11

EXTRACTION OF CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS; SERVICE ACTIVITIES INCIDENTAL TO OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION, EXCLUDING SURVEYING

C12 C13

MINING OF URANIUM AND THORIUM ORES. MINING OF METAL ORES.

C14

OTHER MINING AND QUARRYING.

The following figures show the distribution of hazardous waste in regions by ISIC Level 2 for the economic activity “mining and quarrying” for 2006, 2007 and 2008: Distribution of Hazardous Waste by ISIC Level 2 "Mining and Quarrying" 18000

16000 14000

10000 8000 6000 4000

2000 0 Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Maule Region

Bío Bío Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

OTHER MINING AND QUARRYING. Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

12000

MINING OF METAL ORES.

Regions

Figure 66: Distribution of Hazardous Waste by Region, ISIC Level 2, 2006

Distribution of Hazardous Waste by ISIC Level 2 "Mining and Quarrying" 25000

Ton/year

20000 15000 10000 5000

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

OTHER MINING AND QUARRYING. MINING OF METAL ORES.

Regions

Figure 67: Distribution of Hazardous Waste by Region, ISIC Level 2, 2007

Distribution of Hazardous Waste by ISIC Level 2 "Mining and Quarrying" 160000 140000

100000

Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies

80000

Recycling

60000 40000

Manufacture of furniture; manufacturing n.e.c.

20000

Manufacture of basic metals Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Maule Region

Bío Bío Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Ton/year

120000

Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products Other mining and quarrying

Mining of metal ores Mining of coal and lignite; extraction of peat

Regions

Figure 68: Distribution of Hazardous Waste by Region, ISIC Level 2, 2008

The other main generator activity is “manufacturing,” which is presented at ISIC Level 2 in the activities outlined in the table below: Tabla 36: Actividad económica “Industria Manufacturera”, CIIU nivel 2. ISIC 2 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36 D37

Economic Activity MANUFACTURE OF FOOD PRODUCTS AND BEVERAGES. MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS. MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILES. MANUFACTURE OF WEARING APPAREL; DRESSING AND DYEING OF FUR. TANNING AND DRESSING OF LEATHER; MANUFACTURE OF LUGGAGE, HANDBAGS, SADDLERY, HARNESS AND FOOTWEAR. MANUFACTURE OF WOOD AND PRODUCTS OF WOOD AND CORK, EXCEPT FURNITURE; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF STRAW AND PLAITING MATERIALS. MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS. PUBLISHING, PRINTING AND REPRODUCTION OF RECORDED MEDIA. MANUFACTURE OF COKE, REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND NUCLEAR FUEL. MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. MANUFACTURE OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS. MANUFACTURE OF OTHER NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS. MANUFACTURE OF BASIC METALS. MANUFACTURE OF FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS, EXCEPT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. MANUFACTURE OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT N.E.C. MANUFACTURE OF OFFICE, ACCOUNTING AND COMPUTING MACHINERY. MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND APPARATUS N.E.C. MANUFACTURE OF RADIO, TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS. MANUFACTURE OF MEDICAL, PRECISION AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, WATCHES AND CLOCKS. MANUFACTURE OF MOTOR VEHICLES, TRAILERS AND SEMI-TRAILERS. MANUFACTURE OF OTHER TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT. MANUFACTURE OF FURNITURE, MANUFACTURING N.E.C. RECYCLING.

The following figures show the distribution of hazardous waste in regions by ISIC Level 2 for the economic activity “manufacturing” for 2006, 2007 and 2008: Distribution of Hazardous Waste by ISIC Level 2 "Manufacturing" 4000

3500

D37

3000

D36

2500

D35

2000

D34

1500

D31

1000

D29

500

D28

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

D27 D26 D25 D24 D23 D22

D21 D20

Figure 69: Distribution of Hazardous Waste by Region, ISIC Level 2, 2006

Distribution of Hazardous Waste by ISIC Level 2 "Manufacturing" 40000 35000

Ton/year

30000 OTHERS

25000 20000

RECYCLING.

15000 10000

MANUFACTURE OF FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS, EXCEPT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.

5000

MANUFACTURE OF BASIC METALS.

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Los Lagos Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Maule Region

Bío Bío Region

Valparaíso Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Tarapacá Region

Antofagasta Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.

MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS.

MANUFACTURE OF WOOD AND OF PRODUCTS OF WOOD AND CORK, EXCEPT FURNITURE; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF STRAW AND PLAITING MATERIALS.

Regions

Figure 70: Distribution of Hazardous Waste by Region, ISIC Level 2, 2007 Distribution of Hazardous Waste by ISIC Level 2 "Manufacturing" 160000

140000

D37

120000

D36 D35

100000

D34

80000

D33

60000

D31 D29

40000

D28

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibáñez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O’higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

D26

Tarapacá Region

D27

0 Arica and Parinacota Region

20000

D25 D24

D23 D22

D21 D20 D19 D17 D16

Figure 71: Distribution of Hazardous Waste by Region, ISIC Level 2, 2008

Based on the above figures, one can conclude that there was a significant increase in the amount of hazardous waste reported through SIDREP between 2006 and 2008, which indicates that 2008 statistics are more representative of the reality of the hazardous waste generating sector than those obtained in 2006 and 2007. The results obtained for 2006 through 2008 indicate that the main activities that generated hazardous waste are “mining and quarrying” and “manufacturing,” which represent the greatest transfers of hazardous waste.

4. REPORT ON REGULATIONS

COMPLIANCE

WITH

ENVIRONMENTAL

4.1 Air Emissions The information on emissions recorded is based on the following legal texts and regulations: Table 37: Regulations associated with Fixed Sources.

National Coverage

Metropolitan Region

Supreme Decree No. 185/1991 of the Ministries of Agriculture, Mining and Health that regulates the operation of facilitiies that release anhydride sulfate, particulate matter and arsenic throughout the country that release quantities greater or equal to 3 tons per day of anhydride sulfate or 1 ton per day of particulate matter into the air. In addition, this Decree shall be applicable to all sources that release anhydride sulfate or particulate matter that are located in a saturated or latent area.

Supreme Decree No. 4/1992 of MINSAL, Establishes the Particulate Matter Emissions Standard for Individual and Group Sources in the Metropolitan Region.

Current decontamination plans based on the application of Supreme Decree No. 185/1991 of the Ministries of Agriculture, Mining and Health:

Supreme Decree No. 1,583/1992 of the Ministry of Health, Establishes the Emissions Standard for Particulate Matter from Specific Stationary Sources, which applies to such sources that release over a ton of particulate matter per day in the Metropolitan Region.

a) Supreme Decree 252/1992 of the Ministry of Mining, Las Ventanas Industrial Complex (PM-10 and SO2) b) Supreme Decree 180/1994 of MINSEGPRES, Fundición Hernán Videla Lira – Paipote ENAMI (SO2). c) Supreme Decree 81/1998 of MINSEGPRES, Fundición Caletones (PM-10 and SO2). d) Supreme Decree 164/1999 of MINSEGPRES, María Elena and Pedro de Valdivia (PM-10). e) Supreme Decree 179/1999 of MINSEGPRES, Fundición Potrerillo of the Codelco Norte Salvador Division (PM-10 and SO2). f) Supreme Decree 206/2001 of MINSEGPRES, Fundición Chuquicamata of the Codelco Norte Chuquicamata Division (MP-10 and SO2). Supreme Decree No.165/1999 of MINSEGPRES. Establishes the emissions standard for the regulation of the release of the pollutant arsenic into the air.

Supreme Decree No. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES. Establishes emissions standards for noxious odors (composed of hydrogen sulfide and mercoptanes: TRS gases) associated with the manufacture of pulp.

Table 37 (Continued)

National Coverage

Metropolitan Region

Supreme Decree No. 138/2005 MINSAL, establishes the duty to declare emissions for owners of fixed sources in the following areas, activities or types of sources::

Supreme Decree No. 58/2003 of MINSEGPRES, which reformulates and updates the Air Decontamination and Pollution Prevention Plan for the Metropolitan Region PPDA and establishes emissions standards and/or the duty to measure for stationary sources in the following pollutants:

Vapor and/or hot water generating boilers

Production of pulp Primary and secondary foundries Thermoelectric plants Cement, lime and plaster production Glass production Ceramic production Iron and steel industry Petrochemistry Asphalts Supreme Decree No. 45/ 07 of MINSEGPRES establishes the Emissions Standard for Incineration and Co-incineration (Entered into force on 5 October 2007 for existing facilitiies, which must comply with the emission standards established in this decree in less than 3 years starting from its entry into force).

Carbon monoxide, Standard in force since 1/29/05. Sulfur dioxide, Standard in force since 1/29/05. Nitrogen oxides, the global and individual goal of reducing emissions by 2010 for said sources will be 50% of the total emissions that these sources released in 1997.

Resolution No. 15.027/1994 of SESMA, establishes Fixed Source Emissions Reporting System for the Metropolitan Region.

The report on compliance with Supreme Decree No. 4/1992 of MINSAL, which sets out the Particulate Matter Emission Standard for Specific and Group Stationary Sources in the Metropolitan Region, is presented below. The following table outlines the total number of facilitiies and sources regulated by this Decree in the Metropolitan Region. It also presents the number of facilitiies and sources that failed to comply with the standard between 2005 and 2008.

Table 38: Total Number of Facilitiies Regulated S.D. Nยบ 4/1992 of MINSAL, 2005 to 2008. Year

Total Facilitiies

Number of Facilitiies which do not comply

Total Number of Sources

Number of Sources which do not comply

2005

4092

8358

2006

2552

6257

2007

2627

4495

2008

4580

8767

The figure below presents the number of non-compliant facilitiies for 2005 through 2008:

Number of Non-compliant Establishments 50 45

Nº of Establishments

40 35 30 25

Nº of Non-compliant Establishments

20 15 10 5 0 Years 2005

Years 2006

Years 2007

Years 2008

Figure 72: Number of Non-Compliant Facilitiies, 2005-2008

Below is the report on compliance with Supreme Decree 167/1999 from MINSEGPRES for 2008, which establishes the Emission Standard for Noxious Odors (composed of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, TRS gases) associated with the manufacture of sulphated pulp.

7th Region (Maule) Empresa Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. Licancel Plant Licancel Cellulose Plant does not report compliance because operations ceased from April 2007 through February 2008. Empresa Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. Constitución Plant Table 39: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Recovery boiler Year Measured TRS ppmv of H2S Value Standard ppmv H2S Compliance 2007 Percentile 98: 6.79 ppmv of H2S 5 Non-compliant 2008 Percentile 98: 4.12 ppmv of H2S Compliant

Table 40: Compliance S.D. 167/199 ofl MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Lime kiln Year Measured TRS ppmv of H2S Value Standard ppmv H2S Compliance 2007 Percentile 98: 5.12 ppmv of H2S 20 Compliant 2008 Percentile 98: 7.13 ppmv of H2S Compliant Table 41: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Green liquor dissolving pond Year Measurement Standard value (mg/kg) Compliance 2007 N/D 16.8 N/D 2008 31.7 Non-compliant

8th Region (Biobío) Empresa CMPC Celulosa S.A. Laja Plant Table 42: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Recovery boiler Nº 4 Year Measured TRS ppmv of H2S Value Standard ppmv H2S Compliance 2007 Percentile 98: 289 ppmv of H2S 5 Non-compliant 2008 Percentile 98: 234.3 ppmv of H2S Non-compliant Table 43: Compliance S.D. 167/199 ofl MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Recovery boiler Nº 5 Year Measured TRS ppmv of H2S Value Standard ppmv H2S Compliance 2007 Percentile 98: 2.2 ppmv of H2S 5 Compliant 2008 Percentile 98: 0.33 ppmv of H2S Compliant Table 44: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Lime kiln Nº 1 Year Measured TRS ppmv of H2S Value Standard ppmv H2S Compliance 2007 Percentile 98: 5.0 ppmv of H2S 20 Compliant 2008 Percentile 98: 2.9 ppmv of H2S Compliant

Table 45: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Lime kiln Nº 2 Year Measured TRS ppmv of H2S Value Standard ppmv H2S Compliance 2007 Percentile 98: 5.0 ppmv of H2S 20 Compliant 2008 Percentile 98: 2.9 ppmv of H2S Compliant Table 46: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Green liquor dissolving pond Nº1 Year Percentile 95 measurement (mg/kg) Dry solid waste 2007 2008

Standard value (mg/kg)

Compliance

16.8

Compliant Non-compliant

8.6 19.6

Table 47: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Green liquor dissolving pond nº2 Year Percentile 95 measurement (mg/kg) Dry solid waste 2007 5.6 2008 9,5

Standard value (mg/kg) 16.8

Compliance Compliant Compliant

8th Region (Biobío) Empresa CMPC Celulosa S.A. Santa Fe Plant The Santa Fe Plant is not required to comply until 2012.

8th Region (Biobío) Empresa Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. Nueva Aldea Plant The Nueva Aldea plants are not required to comply until 2012.

9th Region (Araucanía) Empresa CMPC Celulosa S.A. Pacífico Plant Table 48: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Recovery boiler Year Measured TRS ppmv of H2S Value Standard ppmv H2S Compliance 2007 Percentile 98: 1.1 ppmv of H2S 5 Compliant 2008 Percentile 98: 1.2 ppmv of H2S Compliant Table 49: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Lime kiln Year Measured TRS ppmv of H2S Value Standard ppmv H2S Compliance 2007 Percentile 98: 12.5 ppmv of H2S 20 Compliant 2008 Percentile 98: 8.1 ppmv of H2S Compliant Table 50: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Green liquor dissolving pond Year Percentile 95 measurement (mg/kg) Dry solid waste

2007 2008

Standard value (mg/kg)

Compliance

16.8

Compliant Compliant

16.7 16.4

14th Region (Los Ríos) Empresa Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. Valdivia Plant No data for 2007. Table 51: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N°167/1999 MINSEGPRES Recovery boiler Year Measured TRS ppmv of H2S Value Standard ppmv H2S Compliance 2008 Percentile 98: 0.79 ppmv of H2S 5 Compliant

Table 52: Compliance S.D. 167/199 of MINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N째167/1999 MINSEGPRES Lime kiln Year Measured TRS ppmv of H2S Value Standard ppmv H2S Compliance 2008 Percentile 98: 4.73 ppmv of H2S 20 Compliant

Decontamination Plans Beginning in 2007, compliance with Regional Decontamination Plans was incorporated in order to monitor complaince with current regulations. Compliance with Supreme Decree No. 185/1991 of the Ministries of Agriculture, Mining and Health is presented below. This national decree regulates the operation of facilitiies that emit sulphorous anhydride, particulate matter and arsenic. Specifically, it applies to those that release 3 or more tons per day of sulphorous anhydride or 1 ton per day of particulate matter into the atmosphere. This decree is also applicable to all sources that emit sulphorous anhydride or particulate matter that are located in a saturated or latent zone.

Table 53: Compliance S.D. Nº 185/1991 Ministries of Agriculture, Mining and Health, 2007 and 2008

Compliance under S.D.N° 185/1991 Ministries of Agriculture, Mining and Health Zone

Caletones

Year

2007

Decontamination plan

Follow-up report Decontamination plan for Caletones foundry surrounding area

Maximum Annual Emission (ton/year) S02 PM 230,000

1,98 7

2008 Chuquicamata

2008

María Elena y Pedro de Valdivia

2006 2007

2008

Paipote

2007

2008

Potrerillos

2007

Decontamination plan for Chuquicamata surrounding area Follow-up report Decontamination Plan for María Elena and Pedro de Valdivia districts April 2006March 2007 Follow-up report Decontamination Plan for María Elena and Pedro de Valdivia districts Results of Decontamination Plan of Hérnan Videla Lira Foundry Results of Decontamination Plan of Hérnan Videla Lira Foundry Current state of Potrerillos Decontamination Plan Report

Complies with Maximum Emission S02 PM

S02

155,056

754

Yes

10,142

Yes

56,600

154

60,574

Yes

Not applicable

180

Not applicabl e

193

Not applicable

Not applicabl e

615

Not applicable

80,274

517

Yes

86,886

Yes

YES

80 µg/m3N

100,000

600

5,50 0

2008 Ventanas (CODELCOAESGENER)

Annual emission (ton/year)

2008

Follow-up report of Ventanas Decontamination Plan Ventanas, related to Ventana Foundry

90,000

1,00 0

21,344

682. 9 532

2008

Follow-up report of Ventanas Decontamination Plan Ventanas, related to AESGENER thermoelectric plant

1.13 kgSO2 by millions of BTU

3,00 0

0.47

605

The section below presents the report on compliance with Supreme Decree No. 165 of 1999 of MINSEGPRES, which establishes Air Emissions Standards for the Regulation of the Pollutant Arsenic between 2005 and 2007. Table 54: Compliance S.D. Nº 165 of 1999 of MINMINSEGPRES, 2007 and 2008.

Compliance under S.D. N° 165 of1999 MINESEGPRES Emission source

Year

Annual Emission ton/year

Standard value Ton/year

Compliance

Chuquicamata Foundry

2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007

389 642 125.7 102 604 257.5 25

400

Compliant Non-compliant Compliant Compliant Compliant Compliant Compliant

2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008

20.6 72 79.7 47 8.9 85 138

Alto Norte foundry Potrerillos foundry Hernán Videla Lira foundry Ventanas foundry Chagres foundry Teniente foundry

126 800 34

120 95 375

Compliant Compliant Compliant Compliant Compliant Compliant Compliant

4.2. Liquid Waste SISS and DIRECTEMAR have respective powers to obtain information on the emissions from discharges to ocean and continental surface, underground and sewers, so they can be incorporated into the RETC. The area of competence of SISS (the regulatory and oversight agency) is geared towards two large sectors: The sanitation sector, which is composed of a set of entities whose functions are related to the services of protection, distribution of potable water, collection and disposal of waste water. The industrial sector, specifically regarding release of liquid waste into bodies and masses of water and underground water courses. In regard to release of liquid waste into sewer networks (compliance with Supreme Decree No. 609/98 of the Ministry of Public Works), oversight is performed directly by sanitation companies, by area, under the supervision of SISS. DIRECTEMAR’s role is to oversee compliance with Supreme Decree 90/2000 MINSEGPRES for all land sources that release into the water in its jurisdiction. To that end, they have environmental management tools that allow them to select for oversight those land sources that release into the waters in their jurisdiction considering: 96

a) Companies with self-control monitoring resolutions b) The Coastal Environment Observation Program (Programa de Observación del Ambiente Litoral, POAL) c) Untreated liquid waste releases The specific regulations associated with liquid waste are listed below: Supreme Decree No. 609/1998 of the Ministry of Public Works establishes emissions regulations for oversight of pollutants associated with releases of liquid waste into sewer systems. Modified by Supreme Decree No. 3.592/00 of the Ministry of Public Works and Supreme Decree No. 601/2004 of the Ministry of Public Works. The main benchmarks of the legislation since its entry into force are presented below. Table 55: Evolution of S.D. MOP N° 609/1998 over time. DATE

August 19,1998

August 19,1999

August 19, 2006

MILESTONE

S.D. 609 entered into force, applied to all new sources

Compliance by existing sources that discharge to the network with treatment plant

Full Compliance with S.D. 609

Beginning on August 19, 2006, all sources that did not have a waste water treatment plant and that released into a sewer network had to comply with said Decree. As such, the reports from 2005 and part of 2006 did not apply to 100% of the existing sources that released into the sewer system. The parameters that are required in order to comply with this norm will be dependent on economic activity. The following is controlled through the decree: Table 56: Parameters considered in S.D. MOP Nº 609/1998. 9

Oils and Fats Aluminium Arsenic Boron Cadmium Cyanide Copper Total chromium Hexavalent chromium BDO5 Phosphyorus Hydrocarbons Manganese

Parameters Mercury Nickel Ammoniacal Nitrogen PH Lead Foaming power Settling solids Total suspended solids Dissolved sulfates Sulfur Temperature Zinc

For more information on the parameters associated with economic activitiy, see Ministry of Public Works Supreme Decree No. 609/1998.

The report on compliance with emissions standards for industrial liquid waste evaluated by SISS is presented below. The percentage of ducts that are not compliant as compared to the total number of monitored ducts is presented in the following figures.

Average Compliance Percentage D.S. 609/1998 Year 2008 100 90 80

Percentage

70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

2008

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Regions

Figure 73: Average Compliance Percentage of Ducts, 2008

Source: SISS

Supreme Decree 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES. Establishes emission standard for the regulation of pollutants associated with releases of liquid waste into ocean waters and continental surfaces. Since 2007, SISS and DIRECTEMAR have worked together to oversee Supreme Decree No. 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES, specifically in industrial facilitiies that generate liquid waste that is released into waters that are in DIRECTEMAR’s jurisdiction. To this end, DIRECTEMAR issued a resolution that establishes the permanent self-oversight program for facilitiies that release into waters in its jurisdiction (ocean, courses and navegable continental waters). As part of this joint effort, DIRECTEMAR evaluates compliance for companies that generate liquid waste under its jurisdiction. SISS maintains its oversight authority and can issue sanctions as per Law No. 18.902. It uses information from DIRECTEMAR to execute the corresponding administrative actions. 98

The principal benchmarks of the standard since its entry into force are presented below. Table 57: Evolution of S.D. MINSEGPRES N° 90/2000 regulations over time. DATE

September 2001

MILEST ONE

S.D. 90 entered into force

December 31, 2002 Chronogram presented to SISS

September 3, 2004 Characterization of Liquid Waste presented to SISS

September 3, 2006 Full Compliance S.D.90

The paremeters to be overseen will be given in function of the releasing entity from the maximum limits allowed for the release of liquid waste into river waters, the maximum limits allowed for the release of liquid waste into bodies of river water considering the receptor’s dilution capacity, maximum limits allowed for the release of liquid waste into ocean waters within the coastal protection area and maximum limits allowed for the release of liquid waste into ocean waters outside of the coastal protection area. The table below presents the controlled parameters for the release of liquid waste into ocean waters within the coastal protection area: Table 58: Parameters included in S.D. Nº 90.

Parameters10 Oils and fats Aluminum Arsenic Boron Cadmium Cyanide Chlorides Copper Fecal or thermotolerant coliforms Phenol rate Hexavalent chromium Total Chromium BDO5 Tin Flourine Phosphorus Stable hydrocarbons Total hydrocarbons Volatile hydrocarbons Dissolved Iron Manganese

Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Total nitrogen under Kjeldahl method Nitrite plus Nitrate (lakes) Pentachlorophenol PH Unit Lead Methylene blue Active substances (MBAS) Selenium Settling solids Total suspended solids Sulphates Sulphides Tetrachloroethene Toluene Trichloromethane Xylene Zinc Temperature Foaming power

For more information on the parameters, see Supreme Decree No. 90/2000 of the Ministry of the Secretariat General of the Presidency of the Republic.

The figure below presents the number of entities overseen and their compliance according to data provided by DIRECTEMAR for 2006, 2007 and 2008:

D.S. 90 Compliance DIRECTEMAR Years 2005-2008 80

Nยบ of Records

70 60

50 40

30 20 10

0 DIRECTEMAR 2006

DIRECTEMAR 2007

DIRECTEMAR 2008

Total Measured Ducts Measurements in Non-compliant Ducts

Figure 74: Compliance S.D. Country Total, DIRECTEMAR

An increase was observed in the number of ducts overseen in 2007, which went from 9 to 71, with 33% non-compliance in 2006 and 42% in 2007. A decrease was observed in 2008 for ducts overseen as compared to 2007. Compliance increased from 57% to 80% during that period.

The information provided by SISS for the ducts reported and non-compliance for 2008 according to Supreme Decree No. 90/2000 of MINSEGPRES is presented in the figure below, which presents the national average compliance level.

100

Average Compliance Percentage D.S. 90/2000 100

90 80

Percentage

60 50 40 30

20 10

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

2008

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Maule Region

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Antofagasta Region

Tarapacá Region

Arica and Parinacota Region

Regions

Figure 75: Percentage Average Compliance of Ducts, 2008

Supreme Decree 46/2002 of the Ministry of the Secretariat General of the Presidency. Establishes the standard for the emission of liquid waste into underground waters. The table below presents the principal benchmarks of the standard since its entry into force. Table 59: Evolution of S.D. MINSEGPRES N° 46/2002 over time.

DATE MILESTONE

February 17, 2003 S.D. 46 entered into force

February 17, 2004 Information presented to SISS

February 17, 2005 Compliance with discharge in Highly Vulnerable Conditions

February 17, 2006 Full Compliance SD 46

The figure below presents the control parameters for releasing liquid waste into bodies of underground water where liquid waste discharge is permitted:

101

Table 60: Parameters included in S.D. Nยบ 46.

Parameters Ph Cyanide Chlorides Flourine N-Nitrate+ N-Nitrite Sulphates Sulphides Oils and fats Benzene Pentachlorophenol Tetrachloroethene Toluene Trichloromethane Xylene Aluminum

Arsenic Boron Cadmium Copper Hexavalent chromium Iron Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Lead Selenium Zinc Total nitrogen under Kjeldahl method

For more information on the parameters, see Supreme Decree No. 46/2002 of MINSEGPRES.

The information provided by SISS for ducts reported and 2008 non-compliance with Supreme Decree No. 46/2002 of MINSEGPRES for the cities in which it was applied are presented in the figure below, which contains the national average for compliance as a percentage.

For more information on the parameters, see Supreme Decree No. 46/2002 of MINSEGPRES.

102

Average Compliance Percentage D.S. 46/2002 100

90 80

Percentage

70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Metropolitan Region of Santiago

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region

Los Lagos Region

Los Ríos Region

Araucanía Region

Bío Bío Region

Aysén Region of Gral. Carlos Ibañez del Campo

Year_2008

Libertador Gral. Bernardo O'higgins Region

Valparaíso Region

Coquimbo Region

Atacama Region

Regions

Figure 76: Percentage of average compliance of ducts, 2008

Supreme Decree 80/2005 of MINSEGPRES establishes the emission standard for molybdenum and sulphates of effluents released from tailings dams into the Carén Estuary. The table below presents the principal benchmarks of the standard since its entry into force. Table 61: Evolution of S.D. MINSEGPRES N° 80/2005 over time.

DATE MILESTONE

August, 26 2006 S.D. 80 entered into force

April 26, 2007 Unconstitutionality Requirement Rejected

The figure below presents controlled parameters for the release of liquid waste into bodies of underground water where the dischcarge of liquid waste is permitted:

103

Table 62: Parameters Included in S.D. MINSEGPRES N° 80/2005 over time.

Molybdenum Sulphates

The information provided by SISS indicates that CODELCO-El Teniente Division was in 100% compliance. This is the only emissions source that releases waste into the Carén Estuary. The course’s release threshold allows for concentrations of up to 1.6 mg/L of molybdenum and 2000 mg/L of sulphates.

4.3. Solid Hazardous Waste Supreme Decree No. 148/2004 of MINSAL, which approves the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management, establishes the minimum sanitary and safety conditions to be used for the generation, possession, storage, transportation, treatment, reuse, recycling, final disposal and other forms of elimination of hazardous wastes. Title VII of the decree on the Hazardous Waste Reporting and Monitoring System indicates that those who possess hazardous waste are subject to a national Reporting and Monitoring System for said waste. The purpose of the system is to provide the sanitary authority with complete, current and timely information on the possession of said residues from the point at which they leave the generation facility until their reception at an elimination facility. In order to manage this information, MINSAL and CONAMA developed the Hazardous Waste Reporting and Monitoring (SIDREP) Website.

Table 63: Milestones of S.D. Nº 148/2004 of MINSAL.

DATE MILESTON E

June 16, 2005 S.D. 148 entered into force

November 16, 2005 Presentation of Adjustment Program

June 16, 2006 Full Compliance SD 148

Reports for 2008 are available that include the number of facilitiies and amount of hazardous waste generated by region for which reports were completed online (see the table below):

104

Table 64: Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated by Companies and Facilitiies by Region, in Compliance with S.D. MINSAL Nº 148/2004, 2008 Region

Nº of Facility

Quantity of declared waste (ton/year)

1 24 107 35 22 64 31 22 78 19 46 200 19 1 495 1164

21.12 7,822.89 29,088.59 5,874.49 1,657.56 52,875.11 32,677.42 694.55 15,519.58 506.61 118.39 1,483.22 254.22 22.35 46,535.44 197,159.53

4.4. The Montreal Protocol (ODS) The table below presents the report on compliance with targets set for the consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS) for 2008 according to the international commitments established in the Montreal Protocol. Table 65: Table of Compliance with he Targets Set in the Montreal Protocol, 2008

Appendix Montreal Protocol

Consumption Ton ODP*

Maximum amount of allowed consumption year 2008

Complies with Target

ODP Tons Appendix A Group I Appendix A Group II Appendix B Group II Appendix B Group III Appendix C Group I Appendix E Group I

47.88 0 0 0 91.7 164.67

124.31 4.25 0.09 4.48 No limit 170

compliant compliant compliant compliant No limit compliant

105

Consumption reported to the Multilateral Fund Secretariat. Consumption of controlled substances defined as production + importation - exportation. *

106

5. PRTR Indicators Indicators are tools that enable the management and/or achievement of results generated over a period of time to be evaluated. They are used to compare said results and improve them over time.

A. Performance or Management Indicators – Effectiveness Indicator The purpose of this indicator is to measure the level of compliance with the objectives set by the PRTR.

Management Effectiveness Indicator No. 1: Figure 77: Management Effectiveness Indicator Nº1 PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2005-2006-2007-2008

INDICATOR EFFECTIVENESS

Percentage of sectors by component incorporated into the PRTR

Nº of sectors per component incorporated /Total Nº of sectors per component which should be incorporated according to the GNC definitions x 100

%2005 %2006 %2007

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

Checklist of Sectors defined

Application of the Indicator Air Component -

Fixed Sources12

2005= 100% 2006= 100% 2007= 100% 2008= 100% -

Diffuse Sources (Mobile)

Indicator determined in function of the number of inhabitants: 200513= (17 cities) 10,763,921 inhabitants / 16,267,278 inhabitants x 100 = 66.2% 200614= (17 cities) 10,763,921 inhabitants / 16,432,674 inhabitants x 100 = 65.5% 200715= (27 cities) 11,624,941 inhabitants / 16,598,074 inhabitants x 100 = 70% 2008= (27 cities) 11,624,941 inhabitants /16,763,470 inhabitants X 100= 69.35% 12

Defined by the GNC for emissions that are susceptible to being measured or estimated, classified using EPA codes. Source Classification Code, USEPA, Level SCC 6. 13 Indicator in function of the number of inhabitants by region based on a total of 15,116,435 inhabitants based on data provided by INE for the 2002 Census . 14 Emissions were calculated for 17 cities with intermediary transport routes in the MODEM with a coverage of 10,763,921 inhabitants for 2005 and 2006 based on data provided by INE. 15 Beginning in 2007, the calculation of emissions is reported for 10 cities without intermediary transport routes in the MODEM with a coverage of 11,624,941 inhabitants for the 27 cities based on data provided by INE.

107

Indicator in function of the number of vehicles: 200516= (17 cities) 1,498,673 vehicles / 2,501,348 vehicles x 100 = 59.9% 2006 = (17 cities) 1,705,398 vehicles / 2,657,892 vehicles x 100 = 64.2% 2007 = (27 cities) 1,994,743 vehicles / 2,824,570 vehicles x 100 = 70.6% 2008 = (27 cities) 2,133,515 vehicles / 2,955,303 vehicles x 100 = 72.2%

Diffuse Sources (Others)

2005=0% 2006=0% 2007=0% 2008=0%

Water Component - Fixed Sources 2005= 3/4 x 100 = 75 % 200617= 4/4 x 100 = 100 % 2007= 4/4 x 100 = 100 % 200818= 5/5 x 100 = 100 %

Diffuse Sources (Others)

2005= 0 % 2006= 0 % 2007= 0 % 2008= 0% Waste Component19 200620 = 1/1 x 100 = 100% 2007 = 1/1 x 100 = 100% 2008 = 1/1 x 100 = 100%

This indicator is base don the total number of Chile’s motorized vehicle stock based on data provided by INE on the stock of vehicles in circulation for 2005-2008. 17 Beginning in 2006, the report includes the emissions report from DIRECTEMAR, which provides information on compliance with Supreme Decree No. 90/2000. 18 Beginning in 2008, releases into the Carén Lake are included in compliance with Supreme Decree No. 80/2006. 19 MINSAL Supreme Decree No. 148, which approves “Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management,” excludes mining waste. As such, said material is not included in the PRTR. 20 Supreme Decree No. 148/2004 of MINSAL “Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management” entered into force in 2006.

108

Land Component21 2005 = 0% 2006 = 0% 2007 = 0% 2008= 0%

Management Effectiveness Indicator No. 2: Figure 78:Management Effectiveness Indicator Nº2 PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2005-2006-2007-2008

INDICATOR

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

EFFECTIVENESS

Percentage of Regulations incorporated into the Compliance Report

Nº of Regulations incorporated/Total Nº of Regulations which should be incorporated x 100

%2005 %2006 %2007

Checklist of Regulations which exist in the country

Application of the Indicator 2005: 10/1222 x 100= 83% 2006: 11/1323 x 100= 85% 2007: 12/13 x 100= 92% 2008: 1324/14 x 100= 93%

Management Effectiveness Indicator No. 3: Figure 79: Management Effectivenss Indicator Nº3

INDICATOR

PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2005-2006-2007-2008

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

EFFECTIVENESS

Percentage of parameters reported in the PRTR

Nº of parameters reported/Total Nº of parameters which should be reported x 100

%2005 %2006 %2007

Checklist of parameters defined

The country does not have comprehensive information on land pollution except for one-off studies of events or polluted sites, which generally have been focused in the form of environmental liabilities. 22 Includes the related regulations for the Metropolitan Region and the nation. Supreme Decree No. 185/1991 of the Ministries of Agriculture, Mining and Health, which is considered a single regulation. This report upholds nine current decontamination plans despite said decree. 23 MINSAL Supreme Decree No. 148/2004, which approves the “Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management,” entered into force in 2006. 24 Beginning in 2008, releases into the Carén Lagoon are included in compliance with Supreme Decree No. 80/2006.

109

Application of the Indicator 2005: 77/11125 x 100= 69% 2006: 126/12626 x 100= 100% 2007: 130/13027 x 100= 100% 2008: 130/13028 x 100= 100%

Management Effectiveness Indicator No. 4: Figure 80: Management Effectiveness Indicator Nº4 INDICATOR

PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2007-2008-2009-2010

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

EFFECTIVENESS

Number of people trained in PRTR Workshops

Number of people trained/fixed target(500) X 100

%2007 %2008 %2009

PRTR Manager

Application of the Indicator Workshops 2007: 67/50029 x 100 = 13.4% Workshops 2008: 69/500 x 100 = 13.8% Workshops 2009: 862/500 x 100= 172.4% Workshops 2010: 370/500 x 100= 74%

– Efficiency Indicator The purpose of this indicator is to measure the benefits or uses of the RETC utilizing the least possible amount of resources. 25

Substances from MINSAL Supreme Decree No. 594/1999 that approves the “Regulation on Basic Sanitary and Environmental Conditions in the Workplace” were not included. 26 MINSAL Supreme Decree No. 148/2004 entered into force in 2006. It approves the “Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management” and includes the substances contained in MINSAL Supreme Decree No. 594/1999. 27 A total of 130 parameters defined by the PRTR were included beginning in 2007. They were incorporated when MINSAL Supreme Decree No. 148/2004 on “Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management” entered into force. 28 For the period 2006-2008, only the substances defined by the GNC were considered. There is a need to redefine the parameters to be included based on the requirements set out in the additional standards required in the Industrial Assessment Resolutions. 29 A goal of training 500 people per year until 2012 was established as a parameter of measurement for the indicator.

110

Management Efficiency Indicator No. 1: Figure 81: Management Efficiency Indicator Nยบ1 INDICATOR

PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2007-2008-2009-2010

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

EFFICIENCY

Percentage of Sectoral Organizations (SO) who uploaded their information independently

Nยบ of SO who uploaded their information through their technical link??/Total Nยบ of SO who uploaded

%2007 %2008 %2009

Evaluated by the PRTR Manager

Application of the indicator 2007: 0/5 x 100= 0% 2008: 0/5 x 100= 0% 2009: 0/5 x 100= 0% 201030: 0/5 x 100=0%

Management Efficiency Indicator No. 2: Figure 82: Management Efficiency Indicator Nยบ2

INDICATOR

PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2007-2008-2009-2010

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

EFFICIENCY

Time it took the PRTR Manager to receive the file from the technical link and load it to the central node

Average time taken to process the information received

T1 2007 T2 2008 T3 2009

Date of file entry and date of file upload, evaluated by the PRTR manager

Application of the Average Time Indicator by Sectoral Organization 2007: No record 2008: 121 days 2009: 101 days 2010: 132 days

Goals must be established in order to evaluate the indicator in the future.

111

Management Efficiency Indicator No. 3: Figure 83: Management Efficiency Indicator Nº3 INDICATOR

PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2007-2008-2009-2010

EFFICIENCY

Length of time between the delivery of information and the publication of the report to the public

Average time taken between the delivery of information and the

T1 2007 T2 2008 T3 2009

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

Date information entered and date report published, evaluated by the PRTR Manager

2005: No record 2006: 142 days 2007: 118 days 2008: 132 days

– Quality of Service Indicator This quality/product indicator is meant to measure the level of satisfaction with the information provided to users (agencies, institutions, companies, the public, etc.).

Quality of Service Indicator No. 1: Figure 84:Quality Indicator Nº1 INDICATOR

PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2007-2008-2009-2010

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

QUALITY

Number of valid errors reported by the public

Nº of valid errors reported/proposed target x 100

%2007 %2008 %2009 %2010

PRTR Manager

Goals must be established in order to evaluate the indicator in the future. Application of the indicator No errors have been reported by the public to date.

112

Quality of Service Indicator No. 2: Figure 85: Quality Indicator Nº2

INDICATOR

PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2007-2008-2009-2010

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

QUALITY

Number of valid errors reported by industry

Nº of valid errors reported/proposed target x 100

%2007 %2008 %2009 %2010

PRTR Manager

Application of the indicator No errors have been reported by industrial entities to date.

– Economic Indicator This management indicator is focused on the relationship between resources and products and is designed to measure the capacity for national and international funding of the PRTR and the effectiveness of the execution of its budget.

Economic Indicator No. 1: Figure 86: Economic Indicator Nº1

INDICATOR ECONOMY

Average resources allocated for generating products for the PRTR

PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2007-2008-2009-2010

Total number of resources assigned to generating products for the PRTR/valuation of the products generated

R 2007 R 2008 R 2009

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

Itemization of costs, evaluated by the PRTR Manager

Application of the indicator Total resources allocated versus evaluation of activities implemented31: 2007: 7.43m32 / 20 = 0.37 m 2008: 57.02m / 120 = 0.48 m 2009: 106.11m / 230 = 0.46 m 2010: 113.18m/ 250= 0.45 m 31 Assessment of activities on a scale of 1 to 10 by importance and costs associated with the activity. 32

In millions of Chilean pesos.

113

Percentage

Percentage of Resources Allocated vs. Percentage of Activities Carried out 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Percentage of total resources allocated Percentage of total evaluated activities

2007

2008

2009

2010

Years Figure 87: Percentage of Contributions to the Project

Economic Indicator No. 2: Figure 88: Economic Indicator Nยบ2

INDICATOR

PRTR PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2007-2008-2009-2010

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

ECONOMY

Percentage of contributions from third parties to the project

Total contributions from third parties to the project/ Total costs associated with the project x 100

% 2007 % 2008 % 2009

Memorandum of Understanding with the parties concerned

Application of the indicator Contributions from third parties versus the total amount of costs associated with the project: 2007: 7.43m / 22.94m x 100 = 33.43% 2008: 57.02m / 106.65m x 100 = 53.47% 2009: 106.11m / 193.44m x 100 = 54.86% 2010: 32m / 145.18m x 100 = 22.04%

114

Percentage of National and International Contributions to the Project 90 80

Percentage

70 60 50 40

International Contribution

National contribution

20 10 0 2007

2008

2009

2010

Years

Figure 89: Percentage of Contributions to the Project

B. Environmental Indicators The development of environmental indicators goes hand in hand with the objectives of the PRTR. Their purpose is to evaluate environmental conditions and trends on different scales. It is important to note that current regulations have entered into force gradually, and as such the total emissions reported are not yet comparable from one year to the next. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pressure-State-Responseâ&#x20AC;? (PSR) Environmental Indicators:33

The Pressure-State-Response model (PSR) was developed by the OECD to structure its work on environmental policy. It is based on the idea that human activities exercise pressure on the environment and natural resources, affecting their quality and quantity (state); society responds to these changes through sectoral and general economic environmental policies and through changes in behavior and awareness regarding the environment (societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s response).

115

Environmental Indicator No. 1: Figure 90: Environmental Indicator Nยบ1 ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURE INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2005-2006-2007-2010

INDICATOR

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

Emission by Parameters

Emissions of parameters by components (air, water, waste transfer)

Total emissions by components

E1 2005 E2 2006 E3 2007

PRTR Report

Application of the Indicator Table 66: Emissions for Component Air (ton/year).

Total Air Pollution Emissions 2005 2006 2007 43,615.88 41,608.73 34,818.15 386,670.65 557,490.17 571,058.00

2008 37,047.97 683,694.59

PM10

69,567.49

87,811.96

84,529.84

70,726.30

PM 2.5

29,597.91

43,056.97

40,284.82

34,935.35

PTS

216,566.33

248,427.54

249,430.54

177,583.81

N0x

119,612.40

128,458.00

143,773.03

142,784.02

416,747.84

260,536.87

219,260.02

224,171.83

1.09

0.12

2.59

3.02

PCDD/F

2.28

2.24

9.90

9.79

Parameters VOC SOx

116

Total Air Pollution Emissions 800,000.00 700,000.00

Ton/year

600,000.00

500,000.00 400,000.00

2005

300,000.00

2006

200,000.00

2007

100,000.00

2008

N0x

PTS

PM2.5

PM10

SOx

VOC

0.00

Parameters Figure 91 :Total Emissions – Component Air Table 67 Emissions – Component Water (ton/year).

Parameters Oils and fats

Total Water Pollution Emissions 2005 2006 4,451.49 4,382.76

2007 82,009.83

2008 36,304.84

Chlorides

2,994.54

22,799.08

59,755.95

179,720.71

Stable hydrocarbons

4,145.43

1,285.90

1,637.37

1,641.54

Total hydrocarbons

90.96

98.09

2,870.89

12,951.22

Volatile hydrocarbons

0.50

4.38

242.68

1,249.48

Sulphates

2,632.67

87,784.74

118,492.94

216,828.46

Methylene blue Active Substances

48.09

37.80

46.18

59.36

Xylene

29,596.35

7.29

13.39

8.79

117

250

200 150 100 50

2005

Xylene

Methylene blue Active Substances

Sulphates

Volatile hydrocarbons

Total hydrocarbons

Stable hydrocarbons

Chlorides

Oils and fats

Thousands Tons/year

Total Water Pollution Emissions

2006 2007 2008

Parameters

Figure 92: Total Emissions – Water Component

Table 68 Hazardous Waste Transfer Emissions

(ton/year).

TOTAL HAZARDOUS WASTE TRANSFERS Parameters 2006 Residual mineral oils unfit for intended use 11,467.43

2007 34,788.27

2008 67,838.31

Lead compounds

6,569.87

16,443.24

15,705.40

171.44

6,620.06

17,968.32

2,934.48 6,569.87 837.54

22,178.63 16,443.24 14,126.12

34,044.03 15,705.40 9,972.68

Waste resulting from disposal and treatment operations Copper, copper compounds Lead compounds Residual chemical substances, non-identified or new

Environmental Indicator No. 2: Figure 93: Environmental Indicator Nº2 INDICATOR

STATE ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2005-2006-2007-2008

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

Emission by Parameters

Emissions by area of Inventory

Total emissions by Area

E1 2005 E2 2006 E3 2007 E4 2008

PRTR Report

In 2006, Supreme Decree No. 148/2004 of MINSAL that approves the “Sanitary Regulations on Hazardous Waste Management” entered into force.

118

Application of the Indicator Table 69 Emissions by Area, Air Component (ton/year) 2005

2006

2007

2008

PTS

2005

2006

2007

2008

PTS

PM10

Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water Thermoelectric generation plants

5.726

9.089

8.824

9.706

14.721

23.366

22.253

24.479

15.425

24.484

23.770

26.148

21.778

34.569

32.923

36.215

Primary and secondary smelters

16.747

26.582

25.808

28.389

6.405

10.167

9.683

10.651

157

249

242

266

720

1.142

1.088

1.197

149

145

159

3.548

5.631

5.467

6.014

6.814

10.816

10.301

11.331

160

254

246

271

1.082

1.718

1.636

1.800

520

825

801

881

6.751

10.716

10.206

11.227

Production of Cellulose Asphalt Production of Cement, lime and plaster Production of Ceramics Mobile Generators Production of Glass Petrochemicals Others

105

102

112

601

954

909

1.000

526

835

811

892

1.416

2.248

2.141

2.355

2.822

4.479

4.348

4.783

5.635

8.944

8.518

9.370

PTS: Emissions by Area 30000

20000 15000 10000

Others

Petrochemicals

Production of Glass

Mobile Generators

Production of Ceramics

Production of Cement, lime and plaster

Asphalt

Production of Cellulose

2006

Primary and secondary smelters

2005

0 Thermoelectric generation plants

5000

Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water

Ton/year

25000

2007 2008

Areas

Figure 94 : PTS, Emissions by Area

119

2006

Others

Petrochemicals

Production of Glass

Mobile Generators

Production of Ceramics

Production of Cement, lime and plaster

Asphalt

Production of Cellulose

Thermoelectric generation plants

Primary and secondary smelters

2005

Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water

Ton/year

PM 10: Emissions by Area 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0

2007 2008

Areas

Figure 95 : PM 10, Emissions by Area

Table 70 Emissions by Area, Air Component (ton/year) 2005 PM 2.5

2006

2007

2008

2005

PM 2.5

NOx

2008

NOx

13241

15577

22253

34715.07

7152

7724

19589

23046

32923

51359.6

13290

11296

5761

6778

9683

15105.7

189

647

761

1088

1697.02

3340 4678

7796

Primary and secondary smelters

8691

14486

114

190

175

Asphalt

2007

5516

Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water Thermoelectric generation plants Production of Cellulose

5567

2006

5107

6.930548

Production of Cement, lime and plaster Production of Ceramics

692

1153

1058

1143

6129

7211

10301

16070.05

156

143

155

974

1145

1636

2552.483

Mobile Generators

319

532

488

527

6073

7144

10206

15921.23

Production of Glass

541

636

909

1417.785

Petrochemicals Others

137

229

210

226

1274

1499

2141

3340.157

1063

1772

1626

1756

5068

5963

8518

13288.77

120

2006

Others

Petrochemicals

Production of Glass

Mobile Generators

Production of Ceramics

Production of Cement, lime and plaster

Asphalt

Production of Cellulose

Primary and secondary smelters

Thermoelectric generation plants

2005

Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water

Ton/year

PM 2.5: Emissions by Area 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

2007 2008

Areas

Figure 96 : PM 2.5, Emissions by Area NOx: Emissions by Area 60000 40000 30000 20000

Others

Petrochemicals

Production of Glass

Mobile Generators

Production of Ceramics

Production of Cement, lime and plaster

Production of Cellulose

Asphalt

2006

Primary and secondary smelters

2005

0 Thermoelectric generation plants

10000

Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water

Ton/year

50000

2007 2008

Areas

Figure 97 : NOx, Emissions by Area

Table 71 Emissions by Area, Component Air (ton/year)

Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water Thermoelectric generation plants Primary and secondary smelters Production of Cellulose Asphalt Production of Cement, lime and plaster Production of Ceramics

2005

2006

2007

2008

2005

2006

2007

VOC

S0x

2008 S0x

732

976

986

1035

38666

48332

49827

54,810

1466

1954

1974

2073

118333

147916

152491

167,740

403

538

543

571

184040

306733

322877

355,164

706

1177

1189

1,308

218

290

293

308

15506

25843

26104

28,714

125

126

133

106

107

117

Mobile Generators

946

1261

901

946

477

795

803

883

Production of Glass

146

243

246

271

Petrochemicals

563

592

2481

4135

4177

4,594

2423

3231

1077

1131

1408

2346

2370

2,607

Others

121

Others

Petrochemicals

Production of Glass

Mobile Generators

Production of Ceramics

Production of Cement, lime and plaster

Asphalt

Production of Cellulose

Thermoelectric generation plants

Primary and secondary smelters

2005

Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water

Ton/year

VOC: Emissions by Area 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0

2006 2007 2008

Areas

Figure 98 : VOC, Emissions by Area

400000 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0

Others

Petrochemicals

Production of Glass

Mobile Generators

Production of Ceramics

Production of Cement, lime and plaster

Asphalt

Production of Cellulose

Thermoelectric generation plants

Primary and secondary smelters

2005 Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water

Ton/year

SOx: Emissions by Area

2006 2007 2008

Areas

Figure 99 : SOx, Emissions by Area

Table 72 Emissions by Area, Air Component (ton/year) 2006

2007

2008

2006

2007

2008

PCDD/F

Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water Thermoelectric generation plants

0.6055753

0.6374477

0.66932

0.000046773

0.000035979

0.000036339

1.3954411

1.4688853

1.68922

0.000059329

0.000049441

0.000049935

Primary and secondary smelters

0.0612392

0.0816523

0.08573

0.000004486

0.000002804

0.000002832

Production of Cellulose

0.0040353

0.0028824

0.00303

0.000003532

0.000002523

0.000002548

Asphalt

0.0000456

0.0000480

0.00005

0.000000015

0.000000013

Production of Cement, lime and plaster Production of Ceramics

0.2957345

0.3112995

0.32686

0.000003624

0.000002416

0.000002440

0.0005853

0.0006161

0.00065

0.000000007

0.000000006

Mobile Generators

0.0232071

0.0244285

0.02565

0.000000045

0.000000032

0.000000033

Production of Glass

0.0000674

0.0000709

0.00007

0.000000006

0.000000005

Petrochemicals

0.0000117

0.0000123

0.00001

0.000000137

0.000000098

0.000000099

Others

0.0282691

0.0297570

0.03124

0.000004663

0.000003886

0.000003925

122

Others

Petrochemicals

Production of Glass

Mobile Generators

Production of Ceramics

Production of Cement, lime and plaster

Asphalt

Production of Cellulose

Primary and secondary smelters

Thermoelectric generation plants

2006 Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water

Ton/year

Hg: Emissions by Area 1.8000000 1.6000000 1.4000000 1.2000000 1.0000000 0.8000000 0.6000000 0.4000000 0.2000000 0.0000000

2007 2008

Areas

Figure 100 : Hg, Emissions by Area

0.000070000 0.000060000 0.000050000 0.000040000 0.000030000 0.000020000 0.000010000 0.000000000 Others

Petrochemicals

Production of Glass

Mobile Generators

Production of Ceramics

Production of Cement, lime and plaster

Asphalt

Production of Cellulose

Primary and secondary smelters

Thermoelectric generation plants

2006 Furnaces that produce Steam and Hot Water

Ton/year

PCDD/F: Emissions by Area

2007 2008

Areas

Figure 101 : PCDD/F, Emissions by Area

Environmental Indicator No. 3: Figure 102:Environmental Indicator Nยบ3

INDICATOR

RESPONSE ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS CALCULATION FORMULA EFFECTIVE 2005-2006-2007-2008

MEANS OF VERIFICATION

Compliance with the Regulation

Percentage of Compliance with the Environmental Regulation by Component

Nยบ of instances of noncompliance/Total Nยบ of reports x 100

E1 2005 E2 2006 E3 2007

PRTR Report

123

Application of the Indicator

Air Component: 200535: (4092-9)/4092 x 100 = 99.78% 2006: (2852-47)/2852 x 100 = 98.35% 200736: (2655-11)/2655 x 100 = 99.58% 2008: (4580-8)/4580 x 100 = 99.83 Water Component: 2005: (44–14)/44 x 100 = 68.18% 200637: (473–209)/473 x 100 = 55.81% 2007: (877–400)/877 x 100 = 54.39% 200838: (824-99)/824 x 100 = 87.99%

The only information available for 2005 was regarding compliance with Supreme Decree No. 4/1992 of MINSAL, which “Establishes Emissions Standards for Particulate Matter for Single and Group Stationary Sources in the Metropolitan Region.” 36 Beginning in 2007, information on compliance with Supreme Decree No. 185/1991 of the Ministries of Agriculture, Mining and Health was introduced, which regulates the operation of facilitiies that emit anhydrid sulphate, particulate matter and arsenic throughout the nation that emit 3 or more tons of anhydrid sulphate per day or 1 or more tons of arsenic per day into the atmosphere. 37 Beginning in 2006, DIRECTEMAR is included in compliance with MINSEGPRES Supreme Decree 90/2000, which establishes “emissions standards for the regulation of pollutants associated with the release of liquids into ocean waters and continental surfaces.” 38 Compliance with MINSEGPRES Supreme Decree No. 80 /2005 began in 2008. It establishes the emission standard for molybdenum and sulphates of effluents released from tailings dams into the Carén Estuary.

124

Percentage

Percentage Compliance by Parameter 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Air Water

2005

2006

2007

2008

Years

Figure 103 : Percentage Compliance by Parameter

125

6. UPCOMING STEPS FOR THE PRTR Beginning in 2010, work will continue on the activities that are included in the implementation of the PRTR Plan of Actions. These include: The Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers Regulations will be issued as one of the permanent functions of the Ministry of the Environment. Work will be done on the development of a one-stop shop prototype for declaring emissions and transfers, and it will be tested with some industrial sectors. Work will continue on incorporating estimates of POP emissions into water for the fourth PRTR report. Workshops will be held to evaluate the knowledge and needs of representatives of the industry, NGOs and press regarding the PRTR report and compliance with national regulation on PRTR. Reports on the training programs and manuals for the industrial sector, NGOs and press will be developed. It will be published in English on the PRTR website. A POP Information Exchange and Registration Office will be created with the Stockholm Convention and interested parties.

126

Appendices

127

APPENDIX Nº 1 National Coordination Group Ministry of Health Ministry of Economy Ministry of Mining Ministry of Planning (SECTRA) Ministry of Defense Ministry of Public Works (SEMAT) General Directorate of Maritime Territory and the Merchant Marine Superintendent of Sanitary Services General Water Directorate National Institute of Statistics National Customs Service Agriculture and Livestock Service National Energy Commission Chilean Internal Revenue Service Chilean Copper Commission* (Comisión Chilena del Cobre) National Forestry Corporation Metropolitan Region Sanitary Authority National Clean Production Council* (Consejo Nacional de Producción Limpia) National Geology and Mining Service* (Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería) It will also be comprised of, as advisory members, representatives of the following civil society institutions: National Transport Council (Consejo Nacional del Transporte) Chilean Chemical Industry Association (ASIQUIM A.G.) Fundación TERRAM Corporación PARTICIPA Corporation for Sustainable Development of the South* (CODESOSURSINERGIAS) Greenpeace Universidad de Chile* [*] Public services and civil society institutions which joined the National Coordination Group after the agreement.

128

APPENDIX Nº 2 Glossary of Terms Storage or accumulation: refers to the holding of waste at a site for a specified period. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Biodiversity or Biological Diversity: The diversity of living organisms which are part of land-based and aquatic ecosystems. This includes diversity within the same species, among different species and among ecosystems. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). Cancerigenic or carcinogenic: a substance which can cause cancer. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Lethal concentration 50 (LC50): Concentration of vapor, mist or dust which, administered via inhalation during an hour to a group of young adult albino rats, male and female, causes, with maximum probability, the death of half of the animals in the group within 14 days. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Pollution: The presence in the environment of substances, elements, energy or a combination of those, in concentrations and permanence, higher or lower, than the levels established in current legislation. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). Pollutant: All elements, compounds, substances, chemical or biological products, energy, radiation, vibration, noise or combination of those, whose presence in the environment, at certain levels, concentrations or for periods of time may constitute a risk to human health, people's quality of life, preservation of nature, or to the conservation of our environmental heritage. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). Air pollutant: Any substance in the air which, at a specified concentration, may cause harm to humans, animals, plants or materials. This can include almost any natural or artificial compound of floating material which can be transported through the air. Such pollutants may be solid particulates, liquid drops, gases or combinations of those. They are generally classified into two major groups: 1) Those emitted directly by identifiable sources and 2) those 129

produced in the air by the interaction of two or more primary contaminants, or by a reaction with normal atmospheric compounds, with or without photoactivation. Excluding naturally occurring pollen, mist and dust, around 100 pollutants have been identified and placed in the following categories: Solids, sulphur components, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen compounds, oxygen compounds, halogen compounds, radioactive compounds and odors. (Source: Fundación TERRAM). Container: Portable recipient for storing, transporting or disposing of waste. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Corrosivity: Chemical process caused by certain substances which erode solids and can produce lesions of lesser or greater seriousness to living tissue. A type of waste may be corrosive if it has any of the following properties: a) It is aqueous and has a pH of 2 or less or 12.5 or more; b) It corrodes steel (SAE 1020) at a rate higher than 6.35 mm per year, at a temperature of 55ºC, according to the Corrosion Rate Method. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Recipient bodies of water or recipient body: A natural or artificial course or volume of water, either marine or on the surface of land, which receives liquid waste discharge. This definition does not include artificial bodies of water which contain, store or treat tailings and/or rainwater or liquid waste from an industrial or mining process. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 90/2000 Ministry Secretary General of the Presidency) Environmental Impact Declaration: The document describing an activity or project proposed for development, or describing the modifications to a project, and submitted under oath by the project’s respective owner. The content of the declaration enables the competent organism to assess whether its environmental impact complies with current environmental regulations. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). 130

Sustainable Development: The sustained and equitable process of improvement in human quality of life, founded on appropriate measures of environmental conservation and protection, without compromising the expectations of future generations. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). Liquid waste discharges: The discharge or spilling of liquid waste into a recipient body of water as the result of a process, activity or service of an emissions source. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 90/2000 Ministry Secretary General of the Presidency) Recipient: Owner, administrator or person responsible for a facility which is expressly authorized to dispose of hazardous waste generated at other sites. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Final disposal: Disposal procedure consisting of the permanent burial of hazardous waste (with or without prior treatment) in the ground. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) by cutaneous absorption: Concentration of a substance which, administered through continuous contact to a group of albino rabbits, causes, with maximum probability, the death of at least half of the animals in the group within 14 days. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) by ingestion: Concentration of the substance which, administered orally to a group of young adult albino rats, male and female, causes, with maximum probability, the death of half of the animals in the group within 14 days. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Environmental Education: An ongoing, interdisciplinary process, the purpose of which is to train the public to recognize values, clarify concepts and develop skills and attitudes necessary for harmonious coexistence between human beings, their culture and their surrounding biophysical environment. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). 131

Disposal: Any of the operations listed in Article 86 of Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003, which approves the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management, to dispose of hazardous waste. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Article 86. The only disposal operations which may be used for hazardous waste are those listed below:

A) Operations which do not lead to resource recovery, recycling, regeneration, reuse or other uses: A.1 Permanent deposit below or above ground (for example: In underground mines). A.2 Treatment in the soil (for example: Biodegradation of liquid wastes or sludge in the ground, etc.). A.3 Hazardous waste fills. A.4 Biological treatment not specified in another operation listed in this article which leads to final compounds or mixtures which are disposed of via any of the operations indicated in this table. A.5 Physicochemical treatment not specified in another operation listed in this article which leads to final compounds or mixtures which are disposed of through any of the operations indicated in this table (for example: Evaporation, drying, calcination, neutralization, precipitation, etc.). A.6 Underground incineration.

A.7 Long term waste storage.

B) Operations which can lead to resource recovery, recycling, regeneration, reuse or other uses: B.1 Use as a fuel, except for direct incineration, or other forms of generating energy. B.2 Solvent recovery or regeneration.

132

B.3 Recycling or recovery of organic substances which are not used as solvents. B.4 Metal and metallic compound recovery and regeneration. B.5 Recycling or recovery of other inorganic materials. B.6 Acid and base regeneration. B.7 Recovery of components used to reduce pollution. B.8 Recovery of components from catalytic converters. B.9 Recovery or reuse of used oil. B.10 Soil treatment for agriculture or ecological improvement. B.11 Use of hazardous waste resulting from any of the operations listed in B.1 through B.10. B.11 Exchange of wastes in order to subject them to any of the operations listed in B.1 through B.11. Stabilization: Process through which a waste is converted to a more stable chemical form, which may include solidification when this produces chemical changes to reduce the mobility of pollutants. (Source: Supreme Decree N潞 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Industrial facility: A productive unit, permanently located in one place and controlled by a single owner, which carries out transformation, processing, preparation, assembly or production, either total or partial, of one or more products. (Source: Fundaci贸n TERRAM). Industrial facility: An facility in which an economic activity is carried out which produces a transformation of raw material or materials used, creating new products, or which in its processing, manipulation or cleaning processes does not produce any kind of transformation of its essence. This concept includes industries, artisan workshops and small industries which discharge effluent with an average daily pollutant load, measured in conditions of maximum generation of contaminant load and before any type of treatment,

133

higher than the equivalent to what is indicated in Supreme Decree Nº 609/1998 of the Ministry of Public Works. Supreme Decree Nº 3,592/2000 Ministry of Public Works Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Document which describes in detail the characteristics of a project or activity which is to be developed or its modification. The document must provide well-supported information for predicting, identifying and interpreting its environmental impact and describing the action(s) to be carried out to prevent and minimize any significantly adverse effects. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). Emissions source (of liquid waste): An facility which discharges liquid waste to one or more recipient bodies of water, as a result of its process, activity or service, with an average daily pollutant load or with a characteristic value at least one higher than the parameters indicated in Supreme Decree Nº 90/2000 of the Ministry Secretary General of the Presidency. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 90/2000 Ministry Secretary General of the Presidency) Diffuse source: Contaminant-emitting sources which are not located in a specific place, but can encompass large areas, such as for example unpaved roads which generate dust. (Source: www.conama.cl). Fixed source (stationary): An established facility or activity in one place or area which carries out operations or industrial, commercial and/or service processes which emit or can emit contaminants into the air, water or soil. (Source: www.conama.cl). Mobile source: Automotive vehicles, motorized rail vehicles, airplanes, mobile equipment or machinery with combustion or similar engines, and which during their operation emit or can emit contaminants into the atmosphere. (Source: www.conama.cl). Hazardous waste generator: Owner of any facility or activity which generates hazardous waste. 134

(Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Safety Data Sheet for Hazardous Waste Transport: Document for transferring information about the essential characteristics and degree of risk to humans and the environment presented by hazardous waste, including aspects of transport, handling, storage and actions in the event of an emergency from the point at which a hazardous waste load is delivered by the generator to a medium of transport until it is received by the final recipient. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Incineration: Destruction of the organic substances contained in waste by combustion or technically controlled burning. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Flammability: The capacity to begin combustion provoked by a local increase in temperature. This phenomenon becomes combustion itself when the combustion temperature is reached. Waste is flammable if it has any of the following properties: a) It is liquid and has a flash point lower than 61ºC in closed cup tests, or no higher than 65.6ºC in open cup tests. Aqueous solutions with an alcohol by volume concentration less than or equal to 24% are not included in this definition. b) It is not a liquid and is capable of generating, under standard pressure and temperature conditions (1 atm and 25ºC), fire due to friction, absorption of moisture or spontaneous chemical changes and, when it ignites, it does so vigorously and persistently so as to create a hazardous situation. c) It is a flammable compressed gas. A gas, or mixture of gases, is flammable when, upon combining with air, they create a mixture which has a flash point lower than 61ºC. d) It is an oxidizing substance, such as a chlorate, permanganate, inorganic peroxide or nitrate which generates oxygen quickly enough to stimulate combustion of organic material. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Disposal facility: A plant or structure designed for disposal of hazardous waste. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health)

135

Leached liquid: Liquid which has percolated or drained through a waste and contains soluble components of that waste. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Sludge: Any semisolid waste which has been generated by effluent treatment plants which discharge into the atmosphere, from sewage, liquid industrial waste or potable water. Waste in the form of sludge, mud or sediments from processes, equipment, or industrial units or any type of activity are included in this definition. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Handling: All of the operations to which a hazardous waste is subjected after its generation, including, among others, storage, transport and disposal. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Environment: The global system comprised of natural and artificial elements of a physical, chemical, biological or sociocultural nature whose interactions are modified in an ongoing fashion by human or natural action and which governs and conditions the existence and development of life in its many forms. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). Pollution-free environment: An environment in which contaminants are found in concentrations and during periods lower than those which may pose a risk to human health, to people's quality of life, to the preservation of nature or the preservation of our environmental heritage. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). Minimization: Actions to prevent, reduce or limit to their origin the quantity and/or danger of generated hazardous waste. This includes measures such as reducing generation, concentration and recycling. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Mutagen: A substance which induces any hereditary alteration in genetic material. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health)

136

Primary Environmental Quality Standard: Standard which establishes the values of concentrations and maximum and minimum permissible time periods for compounds, substances, chemical or biological products, energy types, radiations, vibrations, noises or combinations of those whose presence or absence in the environment may pose a risk to the life or health of the population. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). Secondary Environmental Quality Standard: Standard which establishes the values of concentrations and maximum and minimum permissible time periods for substances, elements, energy types or combinations of those, the presence or absence of which in the environment may pose a risk to environmental preservation or conservation or nature preservation. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). Emission standards: Standards which establish the maximum quantity allowed of a contaminant. This is measured in the effluent of the emissions source. (Source: Law N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). State Organism with Environmental Competence: Ministry, public service, organism or institution created to fulfill a public function, which grants any of the sectoral environmental permits described in this Regulation, or which has legal attributes directly related to environmental protection, nature preservation, the use and handling of a natural resource and/or enforcement of compliance with standards and conditions on which the qualification resolution of a project or activity is based. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 95/2001 Ministry Secretary General of the Presidency) PM-10: Solid or liquid particulates, such as dust, ash, soot, metallic particulates, cement or pollen, suspended in the air, whose diameter is less than 10 µm (1 micrometer is one-thousandth of 1 millimeter). (Source: www.conama.cl). PM-2.5: Those particulates with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. Their size makes them 100% inhalable and they therefore

137

penetrate the respiratory system and become deposited in the alveolus of the lungs. (Source: www.conama.cl). Environmental Protection: The set of policies, plans, programs, regulations and actions designed to improve the environment and prevent and control its degradation. (Source: Law NÂ° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). Reactivity: The potential of waste to react chemically, violently releasing energy and/or toxic compounds, whether through decomposition or combination with other substances. Waste is reactive if it has any of the following properties: a) It is usually unstable and easily undergoes drastic changes without detonating. b) It reacts violently with water. c) It forms explosive mixtures with water. d) When mixed or placed in contact with water, it produces gases, vapors or toxic smoke in quantities large enough to present a danger to human health. e) It contains cyanide or sulphides and upon exposure to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5 can produce gases, vapors or toxic smoke in large enough quantities to represent a danger to human health. f) When it is capable of detonating or exploding due to the action of an energy source or when it is heated in a confined way. g) When it is capable of detonating, explosively decomposing or reacting easily under standard temperature and pressure conditions (1 atm and 25ÂşC). h) When it is classified as explosive by current legislation and regulations. (Source: Supreme Decree NÂş 148/2003 Ministry of Health)

138

Recycling: Recovery of hazardous waste or materials present in them, through the operations listed in Article 86, letter B of the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management, to be used in their original form or after transformation to manufacture other products in production processes other than the one that generated the waste. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR): A catalog or database containing regular, updated information about chemical substances which contaminate or are potentially harmful to health and the environment, which are emitted directly into the ground, air or water by industrial facilitiies or other activities such as transport or agriculture. It also contains information about treatment or disposal of hazardous waste (transfers). (Source: www.conama.cl). Hazardous Waste Fill: Disposal facility used for final disposal of hazardous waste in the ground. Such a facility is designed, built and operated according to the specific requirements in the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health) Waste or refuse: Substance, element or object which the generator disposes of, plans to dispose of or is required to dispose of. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Incompatible waste: Wastes which upon coming into contact with each other can generate some of the effects described in Article 87 of the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Hazardous waste: Waste or mixtures of waste which pose a risk to public health and/or adverse effects on the environment, whether directly or due to current or projected handling, as a consequence of featuring some of the characteristics listed in Article 11 of the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health).

139

Reuse: Recovery of hazardous waste or materials present in them through the operations listed in Article 86, letter B of the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management, to be used in their original form or after transformation as a substitute raw material in the production process which generated them. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Risk: Probability that harm will occur. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Solidification: Process in which certain materials are added to waste to convert them into a solid, to reduce the mobility of contaminants or to improve their handling and physical properties. The process may or may not involve the chemical mixture of a waste, its contaminants and the binding material. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Teratogenous: An agent which, when administered to a pregnant female animal, causes permanent structural abnormalities in the fetus. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Toxicity: Capacity of a substance to be lethal in low concentrations or to produce cumulative, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic toxic effects. (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Acute toxicity: Waste has the characteristic of acute toxicity when it is lethal to humans in low doses. A waste is considered to have this characteristic in the following cases: a) When its toxicity by oral ingestion in rats, expressed as a Lethal Dose 50 (oral LD50) in a laboratory test, is equal to or less than 50 mg of waste per kilogram of body weight. a) When its toxicity by inhalation in rats, expressed as a Lethal Dose 50 (inhalation LD50) in a laboratory test, is equal to or less than 2 mg of waste per liter.

140

a) When its toxicity by cutaneous absorption in rabbits, expressed as a Lethal Dose 50 (dermal LD50) in a laboratory test, is equal to or less than 200 mg of waste per kilogram of body weight. The acute toxicity of waste can be estimated based on the technical information available regarding the acute toxicity of its component substances. Waste will be considered acutely toxic when the percentage content in the waste of a toxic substance listed in Article 88 of the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management, or another acutely toxic substance recognized as such by a supreme decree issued by the Ministry of Health, is higher than the lowest threshold for acutely toxic concentrations (TATC, defined for this constituent, calculated as follows: Oral TATC = [oral LD50 / 50 mg/kg] x 100 Inhalation TATC = [inhalation LD50 / 2 mg] x 100 Dermal TATC = [dermal LD50 / 200 mg/kg] x 100 If the waste contains more than one acutely toxic substance, it will be considered hazardous if the sum of the percentage concentrations of such substances, divided by their respective Threshold Acute Toxic Concentrations is greater than or equal to 1 for any of the aforementioned exposure paths. C(1) /TATC (1) + C(2) / TATC (2) + ......+ C(n) / TATC (n) >1 (Source: Supreme Decree Nยบ 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Chronic toxicity: Waste is chronically toxic in the following cases: a) If it contains a substance which is not included in Article 89 of the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management, which has been declared chronic by a supreme decree of the Ministry of Health due to posing cumulative, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic toxic effects on human beings. The sanitary authorities must support its decision with Chilean or foreign scientific studies. b) When it contains a substance included in Article 89 of the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management which is carcinogenic and the concentration of which in the waste, expressed as a percentage, is higher than TATC/1000, where TATC is the threshold acutely toxic concentration limit of said substance.

141

c) If it contains one of the substances which pose cumulative, teratogenic or mutagenic effects included in Article 89 of the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management and the concentration of which in the waste, expressed as a percentage, is higher than TATC/100, where TATC is the threshold for acute toxic concentration of the chronically toxic substance. For the purposes of letters b) and c) preceding, the Ministry of Health shall establish, through a supreme decree, those substances in Article 89 of the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management which have carcinogenic effects. When waste contains more than one toxic substance, it shall be considered chronically toxic if: d) The sum of the percentage concentrations of the cancerogenic substances in the waste divided by their respective threshold acutely toxic concentrations (TATC) is higher than or equal to 0.001. C(1) /TATC (1) + C(2) / TATC (2) + ......+ C(n) / TATC (n) >0.001 e) The sum of the percentage concentrations of substances with cumulative, teratogenic or mutagenic effects divided by their respective threshold acutely toxic concentrations (TATC) is equal to or greater than 0.01. C(1) /TATC (1) + C(2) / TATC (2) + ......+ C(n) / TATC (n) > 0.01 (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Extrinsic toxicity: Waste is extrinsically toxic when its disposal could result in one or more acutely or chronically toxic substances in concentrations which would put people’s health at risk. When the waste is disposed of through final, underground disposal, the respective waste shall be considered to have this characteristic when the Leaching Toxicity Test shows, for any of the substances mentioned, concentrations higher than those indicated in the Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Transfers: The transfer of contaminants to a place which is physically separate from the place where they were generated. This includes: a) discharge of wastewater into the public sewer system; b) transfers for recycling, recovery or regeneration; c) transfers for recovery of 142

energy outside of the generating facility, and d) transfers for treatments such as neutralization, biological treatment, incineration or physical separation. (Source: CONAMA, study entitled “Design of the National System for Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, Stage III” (Diseño del Sistema Nacional de Registro de Emisiones y Transferencias de Contaminantes Etapa III). Carrier: A person who takes on the obligation of transporting certain types of hazardous waste. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Treatment: All processes designed to change the physical and/or chemical characteristics of hazardous waste in order to neutralize them, recover energy or materials, or reduce their hazard level. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 148/2003 Ministry of Health). Sewage Treatment System, Sewage Treatment Plant: The set of sequential, controllable physical, chemical, biological (or a combination of them) operations and processes, whether natural or artificial, which are carried out in facilitiies designed and built according to specific technical criteria for these types of installations. The purpose of these operations and processes is to reduce the contaminant load of wastewater so it meets requirements for discharge into a recipient body. This also includes stabilization lagoons, activated sludge and submarine emissaries approved by the competent authority”. (Source: Supreme Decree Nº 3,592/2000 Ministry of Public Works). Reporting unit: Unit of measurement (length, mass, volume, etc.) used to report quantities of contaminants. Usually units of the metric system are used, such as: tons or kilograms (kg) for weight; cubic meters (m3) for volume; megajoules per hour (Mj/hr) for energy. (Source: Fundación TERRAM). Latent Zone: A zone in which the level of concentration of contaminants in the air, water or soil is between 80% and 100% of the value of the respective environmental quality standard. (Source: Ley N° 19,300 on Environmental Bases). 143

Saturated Zone: A zone in which one or more environmental quality standards is exceeded. (Source: Law N째 19,300 on Environmental Bases).

144

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

Substance generating activities

Family of Substance group

Specific Substance

Physical parameters

Biological Parameters

04/06/7783

0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 1

0 1 1 0 1

0 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

309-00-2 7429-90-5 7440-38-2

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0

1 1 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0

cas_number

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

4 5 6 7 8

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

SD 4/92 MINSAL

Residual mineral oils unfit for intended use Oils and fats Sulphurated hydrogen / hydrogen sulphyde (or Total Reduced Sulfur) Andrin Aluminum Arsenic Arsenic, arsenic compounds Benzene Beryllium, beryllium compounds Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

SD 185/91 MINING

APPENDIX 3 LIST OF PRTR POLLUTANTS

71-43-2

1336-36-3

Pesticide

Industrial chemicals

145

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

19 Inorganic cyanides

20 Organic cyanides 21 Chlordane Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 22 Appendix A, Group I

0 0

Biological Parameters

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

Physical parameters

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

Specific Substance

SD 4/92 MINSAL

Family of Substance group

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

Substance generating activities

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

cas_number

SD 185/91 MINING

11 Boron Bromochloromethane, 12 Appendix C, Group III Methyl bromide, Appendix E, 13 Group I 14 Cadmium Cadmium, cadmium 15 compounds 16 Used catalysts Fully halogenated CFCs 17 (others), Appendix B, Group I 18 Cyanide

7440-42-8

0 0

1 0

0 0

0 1

0 0

1 0

0 1

0 0

7440-43-9

57-12-5

57-74-9 0

Others

Pesticide

146

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

0 0 0

1 1 0

0 1 0

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 0 0

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1

Biological Parameters

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

0 0 0

Physical parameters

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

0 0 0

Specific Substance

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

0 0 0

Family of Substance group

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

0 0 0

Substance generating activities

SD 4/92 MINSAL

0 0 0

cas_number

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

23 Chlorides 24 Copper 25 Copper, copper compounds Fecal or thermotolerant 26 coliforms 27 Antimony compounds Hexavalent chromium 28 compounds 29 Mercury compounds 30 Lead compounds 31 Selenium compounds 32 Zinc compounds Non-organic flourine 33 compounds, excluding calcium flourine Phosphorus organic 34 compounds 35 Volatile Organic Compounds

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

SD 185/91 MINING

7440-50-8

0 0 0

1 0 1

0 1 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0

1 1 1

0 0 0

147

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

0 0

1 0

1 1

0 0

Biological Parameters

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

0 0

Physical parameters

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

0 0

Specific Substance

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

0 0

Family of Substance group

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

0 0

Substance generating activities

SD 4/92 MINSAL

0 0

cas_number

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

36 Hexavalent chromium 37 Total Chromium Any substance in the 38 polychlorinated dibenzofurans group 39 DBO5 DDT (1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(440 chlorophenyl) ethane)

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

SD 185/91 MINING

18540-29-9 7440-47-3

0 0

1 1

0 0

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF)

Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDF)

43 44 45 46

Dieldrin Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0

50-29-3

60-57-1 124-38-9

0 0

0 1 0 0

1 0 1 1

0 0 0 0

Pesticide Unintentional industrial byproducts Unintentional industrial byproducts Pesticide

148

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

cas_number

72-20-8

0 0

1 0

0 0

0 1

0 0

0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 1 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

16984-48-8 7723-14-0

56 Hexachlorobenzene

Pesticide

Others

0 0

0 1

1 0

0 0

0 0 0

76-44-8

0 0 1 0

1 1 0 1

0 0 0 0

118-74-1

7440-31-5

Substance generating activities

Biological Parameters

SD 4/92 MINSAL

Physical parameters

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

Specific Substance

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

Family of Substance group

SD 185/91 MINING

47 Endrin Polluted containers and vessels that have contained 48 one or more compounds listed in Category II 49 Tin 50 Esters Phenols, phenolic 51 compounds, including chlorophenols 52 Fluorides 53 Total Phosphorus 54 Halons, Appendix A, Group II 55 Heptachlor

Pesticide Industrial chemicals

149

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

0 0 0

1 1 1

0 1 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 1 0 1 1 0 0

0 1 1 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0

1 1 1

0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 1 0 0 1 0

0 1 0 1 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15438-31-0 7439-96-5 7439-97-6

2385-85-5

Substance generating activities

cas_number

Biological Parameters

SD 609/98 MOP

Physical parameters

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

Specific Substance

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

Family of Substance group

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) Iron / dissolved iron Phenol rate Manganese Mercury Carbonyl metals Methane (CH4) Methylchloroform (1,1,170 trichloroethane), Appendix B, Group III 71 Mirex

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), Appendix C, Group I

SD 4/92 MINSAL

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

57 Sulphur hexaflouride (SF6) Hydrobromofluorocarbons 58 (HBFC), Appendix C, Group II 59 Stable hydrocarbons 60 Total hydrocarbons 61 Volatile hydrocarbons

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

SD 185/91 MINING

Pesticide

150

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

0 1 1 0 1 1

1 0 0 1 1 0

0 0 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0

1 0 1 1 0

1 0 1 1 1

0 0 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

0 0

0 1

0 0

0 0 0 0 0

Biological Parameters

Kyoto Protocol

0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical parameters

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

0 0 0 0 0 0

Specific Substance

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

0 0 0 0 0 0

Family of Substance group

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

0 0 0 0 0 0

Substance generating activities

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 1 0

1 1 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0

87-86-5

7439-92-1

0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0

1 0 0 1 0

0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

cas_number

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

81 82 83 84 85

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

SD 4/92 MINSAL

Molibdene Carbon monoxide MP10 Nickel Nitrite plus Nitrate (and Nox) Ammoniacal nitrogen (or NH3) Total nitrogen under Kjeldahl method Ozone Total suspended particles (TSP) Pentachlorophenol /PCP Perfluorocarbons (PFC) Ph Lead Foaming power Asbestos dust and/or fibres, excluding waste from construction material made from asbestos cement

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

72 73 74 75 76 77

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

SD 185/91 MINING

7439-98-7 630-08-0 7440-02-0

Others

151

SD 4/92 MINSAL

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

Substance generating activities

Family of Substance group

Specific Substance

Physical parameters

Biological Parameters

cas_number

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

Tarred waste resulting from 87 refining, distillation or any pyrolytic treatment 88 Explosive residues Waste containing cyanides, resulting from thermal 89 treatment and tempering activities Waste from selective collection or segregation of 90 residential solid waste that have at least one hazard characteristic Waste resulting from the manufacturing, preparation and 91 use of cuemical products for wood preservation

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

SD 185/91 MINING

Others

152

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

Biological Parameters

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

Physical parameters

SD 609/98 MOP

Specific Substance

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

Family of Substance group

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

Substance generating activities

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

cas_number

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

SD 4/92 MINSAL

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

Waste resulting from the manufacturing, preparation and use of biocides products, phitopharmaceutic producs and pesticides Waste resulting from the production and preparation of pharmaceutical products Waste resulting from the production, preparation and use of organic solvents Waste resulting from the manufacturing, preparation and use of cuemicals and materials for photography

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

SD 185/91 MINING

153

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

Substance generating activities

Family of Substance group

Specific Substance

Physical parameters

Biological Parameters

0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 1 1 0

0 1 1 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1

1 0 0 0

0 1 1 0

0 0 0 0

cas_number

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

103

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

99 100 101 102

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

SD 4/92 MINSAL

Waste resulting from the production, preparation and use of inks, dyes, pigments, paints, lacquers or varnishes Waste resulting from the surface treatment of metals and plastics Selenium Settling solids Total suspended solids Halogenated organic solvents Organic solvents, excluding halogenated solvents

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

Waste resulting from the production, preparation and 96 use of resins, latex, plasticizer or glues and adhesives

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

SD 185/91 MINING

7782-49-2

154

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

SD 4/92 MINSAL

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

Substance generating activities

Family of Substance group

Specific Substance

Physical parameters

Biological Parameters

0 0

1 1

0 0

1 0

0 1

0 0

Residual chemical substances, non-identified or new, resulting from the 109 investigation and development o teaching activities whose effects for humans or the environment are unknown

Substance and waste containing, or contaminated by, polychlorinated biphenyl 110 (PCB), polychlorinated terphenyl (PCT) or polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)

Parameter

104 Sox Soils or matter resulting from earth works in sites 105 contaminated by one of the components listed in Category II 106 Sulphates 107 Sulphides Active substances in 108 Methylene blue

cas_number

SD 185/91 MINING

Others

155

SD 4/92 MINSAL

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

Substance generating activities

Family of Substance group

Specific Substance

Physical parameters

Biological Parameters

0 0

0 1

1 1

1 0

0 0

0 1

1 0

0 0

108-88-3

0 0 0 0

0 1 1 1

0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

8001-35-2 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

1 1 0 1

0 0 0 0

cas_number

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

111 Thallium, thallium compounds Tellurium, tellurium 112 compounds 113 Temperature 114 Tetrachloroethene Carbon tetrachloride, 115 Appendix B, Group II Toluene / methylbenzene / 116 Toluole / Phenylmethane 117 Toxaphene 118 Trichloromethane 119 Xylene 120 Zinc

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

SD 185/91 MINING

7440-66-6

Pesticide

156

SD 4/92 MINSAL

Res 1583/1992 MINSAL

SD 138/2005 MINSAL

SD 46/2002 MINSEGPRES

SD 90/2000 MINSEGPRES

SD 609/98 MOP

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List I

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List II

SD 148/2004 MINSAL List III

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol (SAO)

Substance generating activities

Family of Substance group

Specific Substance

Physical parameters

Biological Parameters

0 0 0

1 1 0

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 0 0

1 1 0

0 0 0

cas_number

SD 167/99 MINSEGPRES

Polychlorinated 121 dibenzodioxins and furan (PCDD/F) 122 MP2.5 123 NOx 124 Hospital waste. Discarded medicines, drugs 125 and pharmaceutical products Mixes and emulsions of oil 126 and water or hydrocarbons and water. Residues resulting from disposal and treatment 127 operations of residues, such as sludges, filters, dust, etc. Acidic solutions or acids in 128 solid form. Basic solutions or bases in 129 solid form. Organohalogen compounds, 130 excluding substances mentioned in List II

SD 165/98 MINSEGPRES

Parameter

SD 185/91 MINING

157