The determination of crude protein degradation of fruit and vegetable wastes using different mathema

Journal of Research in Ecology

ISSN No: Print: 2319 –1546; Online: 2319– 1554

An International Scientific Research Journal

Short Communication

Journal of Research in Ecology

The determination of crude protein degradation of fruit and vegetable wastes using different mathematical models Authors: Mahmood Hamedi Institution: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh Branch, Technical and Vacational University (TVU), Maragheh, Iran.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research is to analyze the crude protein degradation of fruit and vegetable wastes. Two fistulated wethers (35±1.8 kg) were utilized as a part of the nylon bag technique. The crude protein disappearance were measured at 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. CP (Crude Protein) degradability of carrot wastes at 96 h was 64.56 which was higher than the vegetable waste showing significant differences (P<0.05). The gas generation of carrot wastes at 72 h was higher than the vegetable wastes. Reports of this investigation revealed that model 4 for carrot wastes and model 2 for vegetable wastes were the best fitted models.

Corresponding author: Mahmood Hamedi

Keywords: Carrot wastes, Vegetable wastes, Crude protein.

Email ID:

Article Citation: Mahmood Hamedi The determination of crude protein degradation of fruit and vegetable wastes using different mathematical models Journal of Research in Ecology (2018) 6(1): 1372-1376 Dates: Received: 19 July 2017 Accepted: 25 Oct 2017 Published: 18 Jan 2018

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1372-1376 | JRE | 2018 | Vol 6 | No 1

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Hamedi, 2018 tions led by Ă&#x2DC;rskov and McDonald (1979), are very

INDRODUCTION The vast majority of the developing nations

much acknowledged in many nations for evaluating the

have been battling to give enough feed to their animals,

level of ruminal CP (Crude Protein) degradation of

as a result of lacking production of customary ingredi-

feedstuffs (Koelen et al., 1992; Cottrill, 1993; Hunting-

ents for domesticated animals feeding. So the shortage

don and Givens, 1995; Michalet-Doreau and Nozière,

of feed sources frequently forces a noteworthy chal-

1998). In situ measures can be utilized to acquire assess-

lenge in livestock farming in these nations (Ezeldin et

ments of UDP estimations of feedstuffs inside a general-

al., 2016). The test can be eased by the utilization of

ly brief timeframe yet this technique requires cannulated

unconventional feedstuffs in animal feeding relying

animals and there is a proceeding requirement for less

upon their nutrient, accessibility and palatability to ani-

complex research facility strategies to estimate the pro-

mals; which should also be economical nourish fixings.

tein estimation of feeds. There is a revived concentrated

Keeping in mind the end goal to compensate for

discussion about the accuracy and importance of the

feed deficiencies and to decrease feeding costs, endeav-

estimation of soluble CP portions to anticipate the ru-

ors have been made to utilize agricultural and food

men CP degradation of feedstuffs. The solvent utilized

industrial by-products as feed ingredients. In developing

must enhance solubilization and degradation in the ru-

nations, the usage of agricultural and food industry by

men as reasonably as expected. The protein degradation

products for animal feeding could be viewed as an

in the rumen depends on the soluble and insoluble pro-

answer. As of late, high feed expenses and accessibility

teins as well as on the degree of the gradually digestible

restrictions have constrained livestock breeders to

and indigestible proteins. A wide range of strategies to

utilize rural and food processing by-products and resi-

decide soluble and insoluble nitrogen or CP in

dues as animal feed encourage (Karkoodi et al., 2012).

feedstuffs have been reported (e.g. Crawford et al.,

This won't just diminish the interest for cereal grains

1978; Crooker et al., 1978; Krishnamoorthy et al.,

utilized as feeds, enabling the grain to be utilized by

1982), yet no single strategy has so far been acknowl-

people, however may likewise tackle the monetary and

edged as being dependably precise for anticipating the

environmental issues of FVR and waste disposal. Fruit

rumen CP degradation in feedstuffs. The goal of this

and vegetable production is a critical part of the total

investigation was to analyze in situ CP degradability of

agricultural products delivered in Iran; 3-5 million tons

fruit and vegetable utilizing nylon bag method and over-

of leafy foods are lost every year, in any case, in light of

view to utilize this feed as animal feedstuffs.

deficiencies in preparing and preservation facilities in this nation (Nagashi et al., 2008).

In situ process, like the fundamental investigaTable 1. In situ CP (Crude Protein) degradability Incubation time (h) Feeds Carrot wastes

a,b

0

4

8

12

16

24

36

48

72

96

13.31a

12.12a

16.80a

21.20a

25.65b

36.69a

39.81

46.65

61.39a

64.56

b

62.31 1.643

Vegetable wastes

9.99

b

10.48

b

12.42

b

17.56

b

30.43

a

33.60

b

37.84

43.80

54.82

SEM

0.213

0.480

0.340

0.300

0.644

0.744

0.856

0.950

0.761

Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly at P<0.05

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Journal of Research in Ecology (2018) 6(1): 1372-1376

Hamedi, 2018 Table 2. Measurement of CP (Crude Protein) degradation characteristics of fruit and vegetable wastes using different mathematical models Model

a

b

c

L

d

k

SSM

CSST

R-Square

1

10.069

71.489

0.0158

-

-

-

9813.0

10024.1

0.9789

2

12.717

63.345

0.0193

4.061

-

-

9870.3

10024.1

0.9846

3

10.998

60.317

0.0293

-

-

0.285

9826.1

10024.1

0.9802

4

12.717

76.353

0.0071

5.484

0.0723

-

9875.3

10024.1

0.9851

Carrot wastes

Vegetable wastes 1 2

7.605 9.993

64.952 58.481

0.0184 0.022

3.587

-

-

9196.8 9230.7

9473.4 9473.4

0.9708 0.9744

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1- Ørskov and Mc Donald (1979) without leg phase, 2- Ørskov and Mc Donald (1979) with leg phase 3- France et al.

(1999) and 4- Danoa et al. (2004) a= Fastly soluble fraction; b = slowly soluble fraction c= insoluble fraction L = leg phase d and k = Model Constants MATERIALS AND METHODS

(monomolecular, Mitscherlich, or first-order kinetics

In situ degradation

model) with and without a lag phase (Ørskov and

In situ procedures were done in light of the

McDonald, 1979). Model III is Gompertz curve, asym-

methodology by Nocek et al. (1988) and reviewed by

metrical around an inflection point M, which can be

Palangi et al. (2012), the ground tests (5g) were put in

figured from K=exp (cm) (France et al., 1999). Model

Dacron packs (5.5×10 cm; 47-µm pore measure) and

IV is Generalized Mitscherlich, speculation of the mod-

were closed utilizing gum. Each feed sample was incu-

el I (results in the model I for d = 0), with the addition

bated in 6 repeats (2 duplicates for each climate) in the

of a square root time dependence component (Dhanoa et

rumen. The incubation times were 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24,

al., 1995).

48, 72 and 96 h. Nylon bags were suspended in the ru-

Statistical analysis

men in a polyester mesh bag (25×40 cm; 3mm pore

The yield of ruminal CP degradation of fruit and

measure) and were expelled from the rumen in the

vegetable wastes were investigated utilizing SAS

meantime with the goal that all packs could be washed

(1999).

at the same time. The nylon bags were then expelled from the mesh bag and washed until the point when the

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

rinsed water stayed clear. Samples were then dried in a

In situ ruminal degradability

stove at 55˚C until the point that a consistent weight was

The degradability parameters of CP are given in

accomplished before evaluation of CP disappearance.

Table 1. Carrot wastes indicated high values for the

Mathematical models

soluble portion of CP contrasted with vegetable wastes.

Two diminishing returns and two sigmoidal

The accomplished information for CP degrada-

models were utilized to assess ruminal degradation of

tion of this work was lower than that reported by

the CP of fruit and vegetable wastes. The models, I and

Palangi et al. (2012).

II, are Simple negative exponential curve models Journal of Research in Ecology (2018) 6(1): 1372-1376

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Hamedi, 2018 mental model to describe for age degradation kinetics

Statistical models output The examination of different fitted models for crude protein degradability of fruit and vegetable wastes

during incubation in polyester bags in the rumen. British Journal of Nutrition, 73(1): 3-15.

2

in light of the coefficient of determination (R ) demonstrated that model 4 was the best fit to the carrot wastes, and model 2 for vegetable wastes, respectively (Table 2). It might be presumed that the models with lag time were the best models for depiction of degradability drifts in CP of the fruit and vegetable wastes.

Elizalde JC, Merchen NR and Faulkner DB. 1999. In situ dry matter and crude protein degradation of fresh forages during the spring growth. Journal of Dairy Science, 82(9): 1978-1990.

Ezeldin I, Elbashier OM and Omer SA. 2016. Evalu-

The CP soluble and insoluble part for carrot

ation of some vegetable wastes as feedstuff for rumi-

wastes was more than the vegetable wastes. The results

nants. International Journal of Science and Research,

in this analysis indicated high values for insoluble part

5(3): 628-631.

contrasted with that reported by Taghizadeh et al., (2002), however its solvent part concurs with their findings. The resultant data for CP solvent part was lower than that detailed by Elizald et al. (1999), however the CP insoluble part was concurrent with their information.

Fruits and vegetable wastes indicated high ruminal degradation of CP as same as other economical

France J, Hanigan MD, Reynolds CK, Dijkstra J, Crompton LA, Maas JA, Bequette BJ, Metcalf JA, Lobley GE, MacRae JC and Beever DE. 1999. An isotope dilution model for partitioning leucine uptake by the liver of the lactating dairy cow. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 198(1):121–133.

feedstuffs, and these can be utilized rather than different

Huntingdon JA and Givens DI. 1995. The in situ tech-

feedstuffs. It must likewise be noticed that models 3 and

nique for studying the rumen degradation of feeds: a

4 did not accomplish convergence in vegetable wastes.

review of the procedure. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews. Series B, 65: 63-93.

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Nagashi T, Chen Z, Chen L, Iijima H, Nakkajima A Journal of Research in Ecology (2018) 6(1): 1372-1376

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