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Towards new ways of improving plant resistance inducers’ efficiency
Elicitors
Inhibitors of the adaptive response of pathogenic agents
Phenotyping
Epigenetics
Decision-making tools
Efficiency in production conditions
, Research vice-president of Angers Univertsity Scientific coordinator of Objectif Végétal program
« The regional program « Objectif Végétal, Research, Education & Innovation in Pays de la Loire » (2014-2019) aims to raise the regional center to an by 2020. The program is implemented by the local teaching and research institutions of the Federative Research Structure Plant QUality and Health (QUASAV) along with the French cluster VEGEPOLYS in order to reinforce the synergies between research and innovation.
This first issue of this letter shows the increasing involvement of the researchers of Pays de la Loire in the development of biocontrol solutions as evidenced by the recent funding by the ANR of the LabCom ESTIM project. Alternative techniques for plant protection are much awaited by the legislators and consumers. The researchers are aware that substantial work is needed to provide the professionals with new insights that will allow a decrease in the use of conventional crop protection products.
Two contacts to support your projects: , contact to support your R&D projects and to put you through emeline.defossez@vegepolys.eu , close interface with the laboratories of the Research Federative Structure Quasav. tanegmart.redjala@univ-angers.fr Last update: August 2017
Plants are able to perceive pests attacks (ranging from fungi and, bacteria and to insects), and set up defence mechanisms like phytoalexins, which are antimicrobial and insecticidal molecules.
Local reinforcement of the cell walls Ex.: thickening, strenghtening
Emission of signals that activate defence reactions in the whole plant Ex.: Jasmonic acid Ethylene
Local release of anti-microbial and insecticide compouds
Salicylic acid
Ex.: Phytoalexins Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Defence Proteines against pathogenic agents
(Plant Resistance Inducers). Like a vaccine, elicitors mime the pest attack and force the plant to activate its defences in a temporary way.
No activation of defence mechanisms
Direct biocide activity
direct biocide activity
First and foremost, elicitors target protection against biotic attacks. Possible development of the disease
immediately trigger defence mechanisms, even in the absence of pests. make the plant ready to trigger its defences in case of pest attack.
. 1.
Following the attack by the pathogenic agent, among them the production of phytoalexins (with anti-microbial activity).
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Detoxication
›
Cell wall reinforcement
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Increase efflux of plant phytoalexins
The pathogenic agent looses its ability to tolerate the phytoalexins
As opposed to conventional pesticides, . Thus, their use decreases the emergence of pests resistance mechanisms. The researchers of in Angers have been working for several years on both concepts and are developping innovative pest control methods to respond to the concerns of the professionals : .
The (quantitative RT-PCR microplate/low density DNA chip) was patented in 2011. This device enables to screen the products that are able to . › operational on apple, vine, tomato, potato, wheat
Protection tests enable to screen the products according to their . › operational on different pathosystems, ie : Apple / Venturia inaequalis (scab disease) Apple / Erwinia amylovora (fireblight disease)
Both screening services are routinely available at VEGEPOLYS Research & Development Center. Results of Casdar
project (2010-2013) were promising on apple tree and are continuing in the current project marie-noelle.brisset@inra.fr
The plantseed pathologists of Angers have characterised the mechanisms of the adaptive response of fungi to phytoalexins. The copatented, together with SONAS laboratory, natural molecules able to inhibit the pathway of the cell-wall integrity pathway reinforcement of fungi, for example chelerythrine (natural alkaloïds). Only fungi in contact with phytoalexins will be affected by chelerythrine.
in vitro on several pathosystems and with different phytoalexins. It has also been validated in planta, for example on cabbage / Alternaria brassicicola pathosystem (shown in the image).
The leaf defences are not efficient enough to protect from fungal invasion
The fungus is weakened, which allows the leaf to defend itself efficientlty!
thomas.guillemette@univ-angers.fr
(2015-2018) – funded by ANR Common laboratory between IRHS (Research Institute in Horticulture and Seeds) and AREXHOR Pays de la Loire company (station for experimentation and R&D), aiming at developing in Angers un know-how dedicated to the assessment of stimulators for plant vitality ( and ) on commercial interest plant species. Expected deliveries for the
:
Various decision-making tools (molecular patterns, immuno-detection, imaging…) to screen PRIs and biostimulators according to their mode of action, Additives (called « sensitines ») defences.
by inhibiting the adaptive response of the pathogenic agents to the plant
* (2014-2018) – funded by CASDAR Evaluation et and optimisation de SDP of PRIs in strategies for plant protection in apple orchards.
, Study of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the elicitation of Apple tree defence by PRIs ( project) alexandre.degrave@agrocampus-ouest.fr
, Molecular mechanisms of epigenetic changes induced by elicitors (PRIs) in Apple and Arabidopsis. etienne.bucher@univ-angers.fr
Potential applications of the work on
Development of qPFD® test on
Optimisation of PDS use under
Identification of
Impact of PDS on
::
of PDS action (characterization of the plant- and seed associated microbiote)
Possible applications of the Assessment of the inhibitors on Assessment of the
: (with fungi and bacteria) of PDS and inhibitors of the adaptive response of pests
Encapsulation of seeds in a
Catalogue online of › agrocampus-ouest/formation-tout-au-long-de-la-vie
(financial support by ANRT and CIR), a (in contract of
Catalogue online of › groupe-esa/formation-tout-au-long-de-la-vie
Catalogue online of › université-angers/formation-continue/Offre-de-formation
: Device for determining or studying the state of stimulation of the natural defences of plants or portions of plants › Contact INRA transfer: claire.lemontey@paris.inra.fr
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: Potentiating agents for protecting plants from fungal infections Contact SATT Ouest Valorisation: herve.le-deit@ouest-valorisation.fr www.ouest-valorisation.fr/la-map-des-technologies-proposees-par-ouest-valorisation
, Research, Education & Innovation in Pays de la Loire is a regional program (2014-2019) established by the Pays de la Loire Regional Council and that involves the teaching and research institutions (Université d’Angers, leader of the program, Agrocampus Ouest, ESA, Inra, Université de Nantes) as well as the international French cluster Végépolys. Objectif Végétal program mainly aims to reinforce the visibility of the regional centre for education and basic research, to boost translational research and reinforce the processes of economic valorization of research findings, and to develop international partnerships. Tanegmart Redjala, Business developer, Objectif Végétal - tanegmart.redjala@univ-angers.fr - www.objectifvegetal.univ-angers.fr Maison de la Recherche, Campus du Végétal, 42 rue Georges Morel - CS 60057, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex – 02 49 18 04 59
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by recruiting a (financial support by CIR) or a professionalization or apprenticeship)