RHIANNON LAURIE SELECTED WORKS
CONTENTS
7. BUS TERMINUS + EDUCATION CENTRE REYKJAVIK, ICELAND
4. SLIP HOUSE ANALYSIS BRIXTON, UK
3. INFORMATION CENTRE STAINES, UK
5. HIGH-LIGHT HIGH-RISE SYRACUSE, NY
0. GUGGENHIEM LIBRARY EXTENSION
6. INSTITUTE OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
VENICE, ITALY (SHOWN ON FRONT + BACK COVER PAGES)
SYRACUSE, NY
1. ZOO HABITAT NEIGHBOURHOOD RABAT, MOROCCO
2. BAB ATLAS VILLAGE MARRAKECH, MOROCCO
1. ZOO HABITAT NEIGHBOURHOOD
1.1 SITE PLAN
1.2 BLOCK A
1.3 BLOCK B
LOCATION:
Rabat, Morocco
SIZE:
BLOCK A
580,000m2
PROGRAMME:
Residential + Commercial
SUMMARY: This project is a new residential neighbourhood on the former site of the Rabat city zoo. The development was to include offices and commercial program as well as residential. The intention was to redefine the neighbourhood’s distinct identity and to create a centrality at the scale of the city.
5 floors 7 floors 10 floors 12 floors
Commercial Offices Hotel Residential Leisure Centre
Road network
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SITE PLAN (AutoCad + Illustrator)
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0m
50
100
PROGRAMMATIC DIAGRAMS OF SITE PLAN (Rhino + Illustrator)
BLOCK B
The project creates a series of open garden blocks which accommodate the required densities without resorting to the ultra-urbanity of the existing project, re-inscribing a park-like experience within the landscape of the former zoo. Drawings of Blocks A + , highlighted on the site plan to the right, are shown in this portfolio.
Private gardens Public gardens
Pedestrian pathways
Shadows
PROFESSIONAL RENDER_ produced using Rhino model
1. ZOO HABITAT NEIGHBOURHOOD
1.1 SITE PLAN
1.2 BLOCK A
1.3 BLOCK B
10
20
BLOCK A_1st FLOOR + SITE PLAN (AutoCad + Illustrator)
N
0m
SPOT LIGHTING ON TIMER IN FALSE CEILNG
WHITE QUARTZITE WALL COATING
CEILING LIGHT ON TIMER
A B
int. ext.
ext.
int.
ROAD
GARDEN
PRINCIPLE ESCAPE STAIRCASE
FOYER
STAIRCASE 2
MECHANICAL ROOM
GROUND FLOOR
LOWER GROUND PARKING
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
STANDPIPE
GRANITE FLOOR
A B
Key:
BLOCK A_GROUND FLOOR DETAILED LONGITUDINAL SECTION (AutoCad)
FIRST FLOOR
1. ZOO HABITAT NEIGHBOURHOOD
1.1 SITE PLAN
1.2 BLOCK A
1.3 BLOCK B
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0m
10
20
BLOCK B_UNDER CONSTRUCTION BLOCK B_1st FLOOR + SITE PLAN (AutoCad + Illustrator)
2. BAB ATLAS VILLAGE
1.2 SITE PLAN / PHYSICAL MODEL
1.1 RENDERS
LOCATION:
Marrakech, Morocco
SIZE:
55,000m2
PROGRAMME: Mixed use
Commissioned to build 55,000 square meters of vacation homes in an ancient palm grove, we proposed instead to concentrate a mix of housing, commerce, and amenities in a series of dense “castles” interlinked by a landscape spine along a revitalised irrigation channel, and immersed in palm groves and citrus orchards. We developed seven mixed-use blocks with some that explored the design potential of rammed-earth construction, and others, containing public programme, that would sit lightly on the dunes.
PROFESSIONAL RENDER using SketchUp models
This project is a new village in the Palmeraie outside of Marrakech. Organised on the ancient underground aqueducts, the project uses the concept of a “linear landscape” to structure the elements of the site plan. The village consists of a series of open blocks amid a landscape of agricultural and recreational green spaces, hosting both residential and commercial elements.
3D MODELS_FOR FINAL RENDERING (SketchUp)
SUMMARY:
2. BAB ATLAS VILLAGE
1.1 RENDERS
1.2 SITE PLAN / PHYSICAL MODEL
GROUND FLOOR + SITE PLAN (AutoCad + Illustrator)
N
PHYSICAL SITE MODEL (Laser cutter)
3. INFORMATION CENTRE
1.1 BRIEF / PROGRAM
1.2 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS + DESIGN
1.3 THERMAL ANALYSIS + DESIGN VII. Design Brief
LOCATION:
Staines-upon-Thames, UK
LIBRARY
SIZE:
WORK / FOCUS / BROWSE
HELP ALLEVIATE CONGESTION WITHIN THE CITY + ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
38,000m2
COMPUTER CLUSTER CONCENTRATION SPACES
HIGH FOCUS + STATIONARY
READING NOOKS
PROGRAMME:
Coworking + Information Centre
SUMMARY:
LIBRARY
CO-WORKING
INFORMATION
CO-WORKING SPACE
CENTRE
FUNCTIONAL DURING FLOODING
CREATE OPTIMAL LEARNING / WORKING CONDITIONS BY PROVIDING: PROVIDE:
OVERALL OBJECTIVES (Illustrator)
A HIERARCHY OF SPACES WITH A RANGE IN FUNCTIONALITY
THERMAL COMFORT VISUAL COMFORT VIEWS WITH ENOUGH ADAPTIVE OPPORTUNITY
REACTING TO CHANGES IN CURRENT AND FUTURE TECHNICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL TRENDS SUCH AS :
24 HOUR LIBRARY USE
DENSER WORK SPACES
TECHNO EXPLOSION
CLIMATE CHANGE
PROGRAM REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES (Illustrator)
My MArch Dissertation: this symbiotic library and coworking design, responds to changes in social, environmental and technological trends, to provide optimal occupant working and learning conditions, conducive to both collaborative and independent work needs. The proposed future ‘Coworking Information Centre’ will function as an energy efficient, 24-hour, “local” office, providing knowledgeworkers with an alternative to either working from home or commuting in to London, thereby reducing transportation energy consumption. A number of case studies were critically analysed to form an understanding of how current library and coworking spaces perform environmentally and what is needed to fulfil occupant comfort requirements. Thermal and daylighting simulations were performed to inform the optimal window placement, aperture size, shading devices and building form required to achieve both occupant thermal and visual comfort.
WORK / COLLABORATE / DISCUSS
CREATE STABILITY FOR LIBRARIES TO MAINTAIN ROLE WITHIN THE COMMUNITY BY INTEGRATING NEW PROGRAM (Cowork Space)
WATCH / EXPLAIN / DISCUSS
TEACH / LEARN / PLAY
VIEW / EAT / REST
MOVE AROUND
COWORKING PROJECT SPACES
PRESENTATION / GATHERING SPACE
CHILDREN’S READING ROOM LEARNING CENTRE
CAFE BALCONY SPACE
SERVICES CIRCULATION STAFF OFFICES
LOW FOCUS + ACTIVE
Fig. 79 Diagram of program required in new Coworking Information Centre ranging from high focus occupants to low focus occupants.
45
RENDER OF INFORMATION CENTRE_RIVERFRONT FACADE (Rhino, VRay + Photoshop)
3. INFORMATION CENTRE
1.1 BRIEF / PROGRAM
1.2 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS + DESIGN
1.3 THERMAL ANALYSIS + DESIGN
12:00
12:00
09:00
15:00
Fig. 114 Illuminance levels (LUX) and sun patch analysis of desktop computer space. (Source: Ecotect, Radiance and Meteonorm data) LUX
0
1000
2000
65
1000
Café
CAFE
towards river
towards town centre CIRCULATION
1%
CONCENTRATION SPACES
COWORKING SPACES
READING NOOKS
COMPUTER CLUSTER
6%
4%
CALL SPACE
4%
4%
LAPTOP BENCHES
2 / 3%
3%
0
TRANSVERSE SECTION _DAYLIGHT FACTOR (Ecotect + Illustrator)
2000
65
SUNNY SKIES
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LUX
WINTER SOLSTICE
15:00
SUNNY SKIES
(LUX) and sun patch analysis of desktop computer space. (Source: Ecotect, Radiance and Meteonorm data)
ILLUMINANCE LEVELS + SUN PATCH ANALYSIS_COMPUTER CLUSTER (Ecotect)
EQUINOX
SUNNY SKIES
DESKS
DESKS
WINTER SOLSTICE
DESKS
DESKS
SUNNY SKIES
15:00
DESKS
EQUINOX
12:00
15:00
SUNNY SKIES
SUNNY SKIES
12:00
SUMMER SOLSTICE
RENDER_COMPUTER CLUSTER (Rhino, VRay + Photoshop)
SUMMER SOLSTICE
09:00
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5m
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s blind able bliontdhs r e p o bhlebo peerac booth oin ch in ea
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58Daylight factor at desk level, 0.8m, for each parameter altered, to achieve 6% across the whole desk. Fig. 103 58
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ation ventil n cross ventilatio e id s ov to pr vide cros n e s op o pro indow pen t ted windows o a m auto ated w m auto
CHOSEN DIMENSIONS AND FORM
1
Fig. 103 Daylight factor at desk level, 0.8m, for each parameter altered, to achieve 6% across the whole desk.
04
01
0.3m
RENDERS_CONCENTRATION BOOTHS (Rhino, VRay + Photoshop)
D AY L I G H T F A C T O R
D AY L I G H T F A C T O R
CONCENTRATION SPACES CONCENTRATION SPACES
0.9m
0
DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS _CONCENTRATION BOOTHS (Ecotect + Illustrator)
0.8m
6
%
01
ns rberatio ce reve erations u d re rb lp lats he ce reve wood s ts help redu la wood s
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%
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DAY WARM PERIOD DAY WARM PERIOD
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BASE CASE
3
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1.3 THERMAL ANALYSIS + DESIGN Fig. 133 Section and plan highlighting location of concentration spaces on the second floor Fig. 133 Section and plan highlighting location of concentration spaces on the second floor
BASE CASE
0.8m
05
1.2 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS + DESIGN
06
1.1 BRIEF / PROGRAM
07
3. INFORMATION CENTRE
59
ides th s ees d boo sshid d th a bhoeolp shsabdeehin e c inodf lp a e p hs bceths fs e f s f e c d cbtslino s fsrpoam ebffle d a e forpoemr ble blin ra ope
elp of h lp to in d ro s an hrtoboaf chke to e id in s gd sctalin ht back e e fl id e sr cot olitgh rtheefleb oth bo the
for s ng ati gaftoiorns e s inrs n ide senavet sastio v pro deco ekrer ps ropvti u cownovr ers k ste psropm plltouw or p stiempirthomfe low w l imw h fe wit with fellow workers Fig. 134 Concentration spaces at midday on a typical warm period day. Steps down allow for impromptu conversations Fig. 134 Concentration spaces at midday on a typical warm period day. Steps down allow for impromptu conversations with fellow workers
NIGHT COLD PERIOD NIGHT COLD PERIOD
sed rs clo ed s shutte night hutters clo s night task li gh wtaitshkdli ting in eac h im ghtinegr sin itcahc booth with d m h immer we switch booth
Fig. 135 Each concentration booth is fitted with task lighting that can be dimmed to various levels. General lighting is kept at 100LUX at night Fig. 135 Each concentration booth is fitted with task lighting that can be dimmed to various levels. General lighting is kept at 100LUX at night
80 80
RENDER OF READING NOOK (Rhino, VRay + Photoshop)
1.1 BRIEF / PROGRAM
8
27%
31%
38%
47% 47%
28% 28% 26% 27% 27% 42% 25%43% 27%45% 33% 31%37% 26% %43% 47% 21% 28% 42% 32% 28%27% 27% 22%28% 23%31% 25%22% % 45% 28% 33% 32% 28% 27% 26% 21% 22% 0 23%25% 25%22%
33% 29% 45% 23% 44% 42%25% 43% 23% 25%
31% 22% 41% 22%
Temperature (C°)
31%37%36% 31% 43% %31% 32% 38% 38% 43% 27% 6 39% 41% 45%42% 42% 47%45% 45%37% 31% 37%47% % 39% 38% 41% 45%42% 42% 43% 43% 47%45% 45% 37%47%
27% 45% 28% 31%37% 26% 45% 37%
27%
31%
1.2 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS + DESIGN
32% 38% 38%
38% 43% 43%
31% 43% 43%
27% 45% 45%
31%37% 37%
32%38% 31% 38%43% 32% 31%43% 28% 36% 28% 39% 28% 28% 28% 27% 31% 32% 28% 27%
27%45% 33% 33%
31%37% 26% 26%
47% 21% 21%
45% 23% 23%
42%25% 25%
45%23% MAY MAY
42%25% JUN JUN
22% JUL JUL
28%AUG AUG
27%SEP SEP
YEARLYYEARLY AVERAGE SKY CONDITIONS YEARLY AVERAGE SKY 2 AVERAGE SKY CONDITIONS 4
PARTLY CLOUDY PARTLY CLOUDY
SUNNY SKIES OVERCAST OVERCAST
PARTLY CLOUDY
Current
31% 41% 41%
CONDITIONS
2050
2100 OVERCAST
JAN G SEP DEC 33% FEB 32%by 2050 47%21% APR 39%28%Average 38%31% 45% 37%26% MAR 44% 43% 41% 43% 43%28% of 1°COCT rise during warm period MAR APRSEP OCT MAY JUL AUG NOV DEC 27% AUG 47% OCT NOV NOV JAN FEB MAR APR Predominantly overcast orDECpartly 28% 27%SEP 45%23% 42% 25% JUN 28% 27% G%26% d overcast or partly cloudy Predominantly orcloudy partly cloudy MAR APRSEP OCT MAY JUNNOV DEC22%overcast JUL DEC AUG SEP OCT Predominantly NOV DEC AUG SEP 21% OCT NOV 4500 4500
500 0 0
24
14 12
8 6 4 2
16 14
1000 800
8 6 4 2 0
600 400 200 0
1000 800
12 10
1200
600 400 200 0
2050 Outdoor2050 Temp. 2050 Diffuse radiation 2050 Global radiation 20102050 Outdoor Temp. Comfort band Outdoor Temp. r Temp. Diffuse radiation 2050 Global radiation
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE (ºC) (ºC)
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²) SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²) SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
1200
1400
2500 2500
AUG
2000 2000 1500 1500 1000 1000 500 500 0 0
2050 Outdoor Temp.
JUL
28%AUG
SEP
3500
OCT
NOV
DEC
OCT
5000 5000
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
1000 800 600 400 200
2050 Diffuse radiation
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
4000 4000 3500 3500
4500
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2000 2000
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1000 1000
1500 1000 500 0
500 500 0 0
DEC
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500
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Diffuse radiation
0
Comfort Band
28
2010 Outdoor Temperatures
1600
26 1400
24 22
1200
20 18
1000
16 14
800
12 600
10 8
400
6 4
200
2 0
Comfort band
4500
1000
Global radiation
1600
NOV
5000
2010 Outdoor Temperatures
0
OVERCAST
NOV DEC Predominantly overcast or partly cloudy NOV DEC
OCT
5000
3000
0
1200
DEC
3500
2500
500
1400
SEP
2000
1000
1600
NOV
4000
1500
2050 Global radiation
OCT OCT
4500
3000
2000
Comfort Band
AUG
SEP 27%
4000
2
0
18
0
PARTLY CLOUDY
CONDITIONS
2010 Outdoor Temp.
2050 Outdoor Temp.
0
2050 Global radiation
Solar Radiation (W/m2)
10
1400
1600
3000 3000
1000 500
27% 27%
2050 Diffuse radiation
2010 + 2050
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1600
22 20
0
2010 Outdoor2010 Temperatures Outdoor Temperatures Diffuse radiation Global radiation
26 24
1500
4500
22%JUL
(W/m ) 2 0 1 0 + 2Solar 0 5Radiation 0
18
0
500
JUN
3500
W E AT H E R D ATA
20
500
1000
-4 -4
28% 28%
W E AT H E R D ATA
22
1000
1500
0 0
22% 22%
YEARLY AVERAGE SKY
TYPICAL WARM PERIOD
26
1500
2000
2000
4 4
MAY
TYPICAL WARM PERIOD
28
28
-4
2500
2000
0
-4
Comfort BandComfort Band
2500
2500
4000 4000
Solar Radiation (W/m2)
LONDON CLIMATE ANALYSIS (Meteonorm + Excel)
4
1000
4
3000
8 8
42% 42%
Solar Radiation (W/m2)
1500
8
2
0
8
2000
0 0
JUN
3500
12 JUL12
45% 45%
4500 4500
23%MAY 3500 DEC25%JUN
16 16
4000
2010 + 2050
200
12
2500
Solar Radiation (W/m2)
400
Solar Radiation (W/m2)
600
-4
3000
500 12 500
4500
3000
3000
W E AT H E R D ATA
800
0
0 0
16
100016 1000
APR
20 20
MAY
3500
150020 1500
2010 + 2050
1000
4
3500
200024 APR 3500 2000
W E AT H E R D ATA
1200
8
4000
500 500
4000
5000
SUNNY SKIES
47% 47%
4500 4500
24 APR NOV 21% 24
TYPICAL WARM PERIOD
1400
12
0
1000 1000
4000
Radiation (W/m ) TYPICAL WARMSolarPERIOD
1600
500
20 4500
250028 2500
4500
MAR MAR OCT 26%
28 28
Solar Radiation (W/m2)
Diffuse radiation Diffuse radiation
1000 16
1500 1500
300032 3000
33%FEB
DEC
Solar Radiation (W/m2)
0
1500 20
COMFORT BAND
5000
3500
Solar Radiation (W/m2)
500
2000 24
FEB 24
2000 MAR 2000
FEB JAN SEP DEC 28% 4500
4000 4000
NOV 350036
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
1000
2500 28
2500 2500
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
1500
3000 32
DEC
Temperature (C°)
2000
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
2500
JAN
W E AT H E R D ATA
3500 36 NOV
3000
3000 3000
28
Temperature (C°)
3500
W E AT H E R D ATA
OCT
4000
TYPICAL COLD PERIOD
4000
ANNUAL
4500
2010 + 2050
4500
Temperature (C°)
22%5000
AUG
TEMPERATURE (ºC)
JAN3500 DEC JUL NOV AUG OCT 28% 31%NOVOCT 32% SEP 32 3500 28% 27% 5000
OCT JUN SEPJUL DEC
2010
%
DEC
5000 5000
32 32
4500 4500
4000 4000
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
JUNNOV
TEMPERATURE (ºC)
SEP
36 36
5000 5000
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²) SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
5000 5000
1.3 THERMAL ANALYSIS + DESIGN
36% 39% 39%
33% 44% 29% 43% 45% 44% 42% 43% 45% 42%
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²) SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
W E AT H
3. INFORMATION CENTRE
32%
31% 36%
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
27% 31%
10
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
ANN
29% 31%
Temperature (C°)
33% 38%
27% 32%
1
Using the same grid, indents were made to provide extra light deeper in the plan. In some places the cut-outs also formed balcony space, where occupants could get quick access to take breaks, make phone calls and enjoy the view.
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Fig. 121 First floor plan with bookshelves highlighted in red
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st
FLOOR Grid used to accommodate all desk types and configurations.
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CONCENTRATION SPACES
08
PRESENTATION SPACE COWORK / PROJECT SPACES
09
PRESENTATION SPACE
02
CIRCULATION / SERVICES
Bookcases
FLOORPLANS
04
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1
Diagrammatic program layout on second floor
st
FLOOR
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Fig. 123 Third floor plan
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LEARNING CENTRE / STAFF OFFICES
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FLOOR PLANS (AutoCad + Illustrator)
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CHILDREN’S LIBRARY SPACE
CAFE
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69
10m
Fig. 122 Second floor plan with bookshelves highlighted in red 08
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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT (Illustrator)
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Fig. 118 Design development of second floor
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Fig. 122 Second floor plan with bookshelves highlighted in red 10
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Fig. 121 First floor plan with bookshelves highlighted in red
FLOOR
Second floor plan highlighting various program
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Voids cut out to bring light deeper in to the space and create outdoor spaces
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CAFE
CHILDREN’S
LEARNING CENTRE
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4. SLIP HOUSE ANALYSIS
1.1 LIVE / WORK
1.2 THERMAL ANALYSIS
1.3 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
PROGRAM The slip house, made up ground floor is an open private space and compr floor is a living and kitchen used by residents of the h
LOCATION:
Brixton, London, UK
SIZE:
250m2
PROGRAMME:
Live / Work terrace house
SUMMARY:
LIVIN LIVIN G G
This analysis project dissects the building’s label of “prototype” by testing various objectives the it was designed to achieve. The house is able to attain a Code for Sustainable Homes Level 5, which proves that in terms of the overall carbon footprint, the house had clearly reached a level of sustainability, due to the building systems used within the house. The focus of the report was therefore, understanding how the building performed in terms of function, comfort and program as well as which aspects could further contribute to the sustainability of the project.
LIVE WORK SLIP HOUSE TOWARDS A NEW TERRACE HOUSE PROTOTYPE
SECTIONAL MODEL (Revit)
My MArch Term 1 Urban Case Study was an analysis of the Slip House by Carl Turner Architects, a three story, detached, mixed use property wrapped in a translucent glass skin. The project was designed to act as a prototype for sustainable, flexible, live/work terraced housing.
GROUND FLOOR -STUDI
WOR WOR KING KING
FIRST FLOOR -BED ROO
SECOND FLOOR -LIVING
FIG 2.3.4 3d section of the house showing the programmatic layout.
4.3 THERMAL ANALYSIS
4. INDOOR STUDIES
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. EPILOGUE
HEAT GAINS + LOSSES
7. REFERENCES
8. APPENDICES
HEAT GAINS Figure 4.3.5 shows the breakdown of heat gains and losses for the base case office and living area when it is free-running. Figure 4.3.3 shows the rates of heat losses and gains which were calculated from the MInT calculations. From Figure 4.3.5 it was found that the highest heat gain in the office and living area is from solar gains, 30 kWh/m2 and 43 kWh/m2 respectively and the highest heat loss in the office area was 33 kWh/m2 through the walls and 35 kWh/m2 through glazing in the living area. Ventilation losses are significantly less due to the MVHR system.
HEAT GAINS LIVING
FIG. 4.3.3 Diagram showing the rates of heat gains and heat losses within the property
HEAT LOSSES
0
HEAT GAINS + LOSSES (Excel)
WORKING
FIRST DL1
GROUND
11:00
4:00
9:00
3:00 10:00
8:00
2:00
23:00
7:00
1:00 22:00
21:00
6:00
(ºC) 4:00 TEMPERATURE
3:00
5:00
20:00
19:00
2:00
18:00
1:00
17:00
16:00
15:00
14:00
12:00
11:00
9:00
10:00
DL2 DL1 FIG. 4.1.16 Graph illustrating data obtained from data loggers placed on the ground floor, in ocupants patterns.
MONDAY 28 OCTOBER
EMPLOYEES LEAVE
BLINDS DOWN
LOWER BLINDS
LIGHTS OFF
1:00
DL1
SATURDAY 26TH OCTOBER
SUNDAY 27TH OCTOBER
MONDAY 28TH OCTOBER
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
23:00
22:00
21:00
20:00
18:00
19:00
17:00
16:00
15:00
14:00
13:00
12:00
11:00
9:00
8:00
10:00
7:00
6:00
5:00
FRIDAY 25TH OCTOBER
TUESDAY 29TH OCTOBER
WEDNESDAY 30TH OCTOBER
THURSDAY 31ST OCTOBER
2ND FLOOR 1ST FLOOR GROUND FLOOR
FIG. 4.1.16 Graph illustrating data obtained from data loggers placed on the ground floor, in a single day, overlaping it with the TEMPERATURE DATA FROM LOGGER 1 SOLAR RADIATION ocupants patterns.
OCCUPANCY TEMPERATURE DATA FROM LOGGER 2
OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
COMFORT ZONE
UNDER-FLOOR HEATING COMES ON IN THE MORNING
)
SECOND
DL2
THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER 1:00
SECTION
4:00
UNDER-FLOOR HEATING COMES ON IN THE MORNING
3:00
COMFORT ZONE
Data Loggers In order to further investig data loggers were placed t week 24th-31st October. T humidity readings every fiv
FIG. 4.1.16 Graph illustrating data obtained from data loggers placed on th ocupants patterns. FIG. 4.1.16 Graph illustrating data obtained from data loggers placed on the ground floor, in a single day, overlaping it with t ocupants patterns.
2:00
OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
8:00
BLINDS UP LIGHTS ON EMPLOYEES ARRIVE
on and activity g the occupied r floor heating to help avoid
MONDAY 28 OCTOBER
36
and the other very similar to were relatively aptive comfort seemed to be temperatures
DL2
THURSDAY 31ST OCTOBER
TEMPERATURE (ºC)
WEDNESDAY 30TH OCTOBER
TEMPERATURE (ºC)
36
TA FROM LOGGER 2
SOLAR RADIATION (W/m²)
GROUND FLOOR TEMPERATURE_DATA LOGGER RESULTS
on the west sidewere of theplaced room. The temperatures recorded The loggers on the ground floor one close to the eastfrom sideboth of the theloggers room were andvery thesimilar otherto eachroom. other showing uniformity in temperature throughout Temperatures relatively on the west side of the The temperatures recorded from both the the space. loggers were verywere similar to The loggers on the ground floor were placed one close to the east side of thethe room other fluctuation of 2,5K and stayed within the adaptive comfort stable throughout weekand with athe maximum each other showing band uniformity in temperature throughout theto note space. Temperatures were relatively throughout period. It was also interesting that the indoor temperatures seemed to be on the west side of the room. The temperatures recorded from both the loggersthewere very similar to stable throughout theindependent week withand a maximum fluctuation of 2,5K and stayed the in adaptive comfort unaffected by varying outdoor conditions. Suddenwithin increases indoor temperatures each other showing uniformity in temperature throughout the space. Temperatures were relatively band throughout the were period. It was also interesting tounder note floor thatheating the indoor temperatures seemed to be noticed in the mornings when the is automatically switched on. stable throughout the week with a maximum fluctuation of 2,5K and stayed within the adaptive comfort independent and unaffected by varying outdoor conditions. Sudden increases in indoor temperatures band throughout the period. It was also interesting to note that theOne indoor temperatures seemedOctober, to be day of this week, Monday chosen to analyse how occupation and activity were noticed in the mornings when the under 28th floor heatingwas is then automatically switched on. in the space relate thermal conditions. It was found that temperatures are higher during the occupied independent and unaffected by varying outdoor conditions. Sudden increases in to indoor temperatures daylight hours due to a on. combination of internal gains (occupants and equipment), under floor heating were noticed in the mornings when the under floor heating is automatically switched One day of this week,and Monday 28thThe October, thenfacing chosen to analyse how in occupation and activity solar gains. blind onwas the west window is also utilized the afternoon to help avoid from direct solar radiation. in the space relate to discomfort thermal conditions. It was found that temperatures are higher during the occupied One day of this week, Monday 28th October, was then chosen to analyse how occupation and activity daylight hours due to a combination of internal gains (occupants and equipment), under floor heating in the space relate to thermal conditions. It was found that temperatures are higher during the occupied DL1help avoid and solar gains. The36blind on the west facing window is also utilizedDL2in the afternoon to daylight hours due to a combination of internal gains (occupants and equipment), under floor heating discomfort from direct solar radiation. and solar gains. The blind on the west facing window is also utilized in the afternoon to help avoid discomfort from direct solar radiation. TUESDAY 29TH OCTOBER
MORNING
TEMPERATURE (ºC)
UNDER-FLOOR HEATING COMES ON IN THE MORNING
ZONE TEMPERATURE (ºC)
UNDER-FLOOR HEATING COMES ON IN THE UNDER-FLOOR HEATING COMES ONMORNING IN THE
FIG.GROUND 4.1.15 GraphFLOOR illustrating-TEMPERATURE data obtained from data loggers placed on the ground floor. DATA-
FIG. 4.1.15 Graph illustrating data obtained from data loggers placed onThe the loggers ground on floor. the ground floor were placed one close to the east side of the room and the other
ONDAY OCTOBER
COMFORT COMFORT ZONE
7:00
SOLAR RADIATION
OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
6. EPILOGUE
13:00
TEMPERATURE DATA FROM LOGGER 1 In order to further investigate thermal conditionsSOLAR within Slip House, six SOLAR RADIATION DATA FROM LOGGER 2 2 TEMPERATURE DATA FROM LOGGER 1 TEMPERATURE RADIATION TEMPERATURE DATA FROM LOGGER data loggers were placed throughout the house (two on each floor) for the week 24th-31st October. These both air temperature and TEMPERATURE DATA FROM LOGGER 1 loggers recorded TEMPERATURE DATA FROM LOGGER 2 OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE COMFORT ZONE humidity readings every five minutes. FIG. 4.1.15 Graph illustrating data obtained from data loggers placed on the ground floor.
5. CONCLUSIONS
6:00
DataFIELDWORK Loggers 4.1
1.3 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
5:00
1.2 THERMAL ANALYSIS GROUND FLOOR
4:00
GROUND FLOOR 1.1 LIVE / WORK
3:00
GROUND FLOOR
4. INDOOR STUDIES
1ST FLOOR
2:00
4. SLIP HOUSE ANALYSIS 1ST FLOOR
MATERIALITY
4. INDOOR STUDIES 4.2 LIGHTING ANALYSIS 4.2 LIGHTING ANALYSIS 4.3 THERMAL ANALYSIS
ORIENTATION
4. INDOOR STUDIES
4.3 THERMAL ANALYSIS Orientation
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. EPILOGUE
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. EPILOGUE
WINDOW TO FLOOR RATIO
NORTH-SOUTH
7. REFERENCES
8. APPENDICES 8. APPENDICES
EAST WEST
NORTH-SOUTH
SUN PATH CHART (Ecotect)
Orientation is another important aspect that needs to be considered if the WINDOW TO FLOOR RATIO house is to be a prototype. To firstly get an idea of how orientation affects thermal properties in the house some simple soft computations were perTERRACED (ATTACHED) formed using the energy index calculator (Yannas, 1994). The results from these computations showed how the current orientation (east/west) is the ORIENTATION least preferable in terms making the best out of solar gains while a north/ south orientation is the most preferential. A north/south orientation leads to Orientation ORIENTATION the lower peak temperatures in summer yet benefits the most from useful solar gainsisinanother the winter. Orientation important aspect that needs to be considered if the Orientation
7. REFERENCES
FIG. 4.3.23 Graphs comparing the heat gains in different orientations (Source: Soft computations)
60
FIG. 4.3.23 Graphs comparing the heat gains in different orientations 9000 5000 (Source: 0 Soft computations) 6000 2000 7000 3000 8000 4000 10000 6000 1000 2000 3000 LUX 4000 05000 1000 LUX
7000
8000
9000
10000
HEAT GAINS_VARIOUS ORIENTATIONS (Ecotect + Excel)
house is to be a prototype. To firstly get an idea of how orientation affects thermal properties in theimportant house some simple computations were perOrientation is another aspect that soft needs to be considered if the TERRACED (ATTACHED) formed theaenergy index 1994). results affects from houseusing is to be prototype. Tocalculator firstly get(Yannas, an idea of how The orientation these computations how the current orientation (east/west) is the thermal properties showed in the house some simple soft computations were perTERRACED (ATTACHED) least preferable in terms the best out of solar gainsThe while a north/ formed using the energymaking index calculator (Yannas, 1994). results from south is theshowed most preferential. A north/south orientation leads theseorientation computations how the current orientation (east/west) is to the the lower peak temperatures in summer yetout benefits thegains mostwhile from auseful least preferable in terms making the best of solar north/ solar gains in the winter. south orientation is the most preferential. A north/south orientation leads to the lower peak temperatures in summer yet benefits the most from useful solar gains in the winter.
building. In total, twenty-one separate measurements were taken throughout with the lighting the house on all floors, giving an SITE understanding of01 how lighting VISIT 1 s much brighter 1.1 LIVE / WORK 1.2levels THERMAL ANALYSIS 04 06 02 fluctuate from space to space. Readings were taken on three separate days; THURSDAY 17TH OCTOBER tural light. 20.3º 24th October andCthe of October and 08 09 10 17th 11 October, 12 13 14 15 16 31st17 18 all 19between 20 14h00 21 15h00. artitions inhibit 1 03 SPOT NUMBER wever wasSITE not VISIT 07 FLOOR -LIVING05 SPACE56M2 SITE VISIT 2 THURSDAY 17TH OCTOBER 4.1SECOND FIELDWORK The ground floor office is the area inTHURSDAY the house 24TH that is most critical in terms during 20.3º C daylight OCTOBER of lighting. As it is a workspace, 20.5º C a minimum lighting level of 300 Lux is expected (CIBSE guide) for optimum working conditions. In terms of natural 300 LUX LIGHTING MEASUREMENTS SITE VISITday 2 lighting, it was found that this requirement was not met in the majority and west facing SITE VISIT 3 OCTOBER the office, however, office workers still seemed with the lighting programmatic layout.of 24TH 1 levels.THURSDAY nce THURSDAY 31STpleased OCTOBER 20.5º C measurements taken lighting conditions within Slip House 11was C levels. ItSpot was also observed thatwere the west sidefor of the office much brighter 1217.3º in order to gain a quantitative idea of how daylighting performs within the compared to the east due to the skylight bringing in extra natural light. ILUMINANCE (LUX)
4. SLIP HOUSE ANALYSIS
08
06 SITE VISIT 3 building. In total, twenty-one separate measurements were taken throughout rd THURSDAY 31ST OCTOBER middle floor 02 had lighting levels inhibit hree different days in The October, illustrating iluminance levels (lux). the house onhigh all floors, an understanding lighting levels13 13 variations 09 01 03 04 giving 05in 06 07 10as 08 partitions 09of how 10 11 12 17.3º C THIRD FLOOR -ROOF TERRACE256M2
3
20
15
2
16
SITE VISIT 1 02 THURSDAY 17TH OCTOBER
17
18
19
20
The middleSITE floor had VISIT 3 high variations in lighting levels as partitions inhibit THURSDAY 31ST OCTOBER natural light from entering deep into the plan. Daylighting however was not C of17.3º great concern on this floor as it is very seldom occupied during daylight 11 hours. 12
08 The top floor, being the most exposed to daylight, with east and west facing 13skylights, experienced windows and two the10highest illuminance levels. 09
03
st 1FIG. 4.1.10 Section illustrating the average iluminance levels (lux) during October FIRST FLOOR BEDROOMS 60m2
ere taken.
20
04
06
G
21
07
14
17
05
19
02 19
GROUND FLOOR STUDIO WORKSPACE 80m
16 01 15
03
2
FIG. 4.1.12 Floor plans showing where the spot measuremenst were taken.
34
12
11
20
06
2ND FLOOR
SITE VISIT 2 THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER
09
14
17
SITE VISIT 1 THURSDAY19 17TH OCTOBER16
04
02
01
20.5º C
10
11
12
13
01
04
06
20.3º C
20.3º C
14
20.3º C
15
SITE VISIT 1 SPOT NUMBER 07 THURSDAY 17TH OCTOBER
16
05 20.5º C
SITE VISIT 2 THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER
1217.3º C
SITE VISIT 1 02 THURSDAY 17TH OCTOBER
17
12
04
06
20
07
SITE VISIT 1 THURSDAY 17TH OCTOBER
04
17
SITE VISIT 2
08 20.3º C
10
09
20.3º C
06
11
08
13
05
14
02
01
20.5º C
09
10
11
12
20
19
20
21
03
SITE VISIT 3 THURSDAY 31ST OCTOBER
06
SITE VISIT 3 01 31ST 02OCTOBER 03 THURSDAY
18
SITE VISIT 2 THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER
SITE VISIT 3 21VISIT 2 SITE 15 19 THURSDAY 31ST OCTOBER FIG. 4.1.11 Graph comparing the spot measurements taken on three different days in October, illustrating iluminance THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER 03 13 levels (lux). 17.3º C 07 05 20.5º C
17.3º C
8. APPENDICES
21
2
ILUMINANCE (LUX)
14
FLOOR PLANS_SPOT MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS
during October
15
7. REFERENCES
01
04
20.3º C
6. EPILOGUE
1ST FLOOR
SITE VISIT 3 19OCTOBER of lighting. As it is a workspace, a minimum level of 24TH 300 Lux is 19 1601 lighting THURSDAY THURSDAY 17TH OCTOBER THURSDAY 31ST OCTOBER 20.3º C (CIBSE guide) 20.5º C expected for optimum working conditions. In terms of natural OPTIMAL DESKTOP LIGHTING 11 LEVEL 04 06 02 1217.3º C 300 LUX day lighting, it was found that this requirement was not met in the majority 08 nd of the office, however, 21 office workers with 15 pleased 19 still seemed SITE VISIT 3 the lighting SITE VISIT 2 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 THURSDAY 31ST brighter OCTOBER It was also that the west of the office was FIG. 4.1.11levels. Graph comparing theobserved spot measurements taken side different days in much October, illustrating iluminance SECOND FLOOR LIVING SPACE 56m THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER 10 13 levels (lux). 09 03 on three 17.3º C 07 05 compared to the east due to the skylight bringing in extra natural light. 20.5º C
ILLUMINANCE LEVELS_SPOT MEASUREMENTS
0
5. CONCLUSIONS
GROUND FLOOR
20.5º C
The top floor, being the most exposed to daylight, with east and west facing The ground floor office is the area in the house that is most critical in terms SITE VISIT 2 windows and two skylights, experienced the highest illuminance levels. SITE VISIT 1
11
4
14
17
4. INDOOR STUDIES
05
ILUMINANCE (LUX)
THIRD ROOF TERRACE 56m natural light fromFLOOR entering deep the Readings plan. Daylighting however was not fluctuate from space to into space. were taken on three separate days; SITE VISIT 1 of great17th concern on this24th floorOctober as it is very during daylight SPOT NUMBER October, and seldom the 31stoccupied of October all between 14h00 and 07 THURSDAY 17TH OCTOBER 2.3.3 Floor plans of the house. (Source: Carl Turner Architects) hours.FIG 20.3º C 15h00.
14
1.3 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
13
SITE VISIT 1 SPOT NUMBER 07 THURSDAY 17TH OCTOBER
11
08
10
09
20.3º C
14
17
19
21 SITE VISIT 2 THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER SITE VISIT 3 THURSDAY 31ST OCTOBER
01
04
15
16
05
16
20.5º C
19
1217.3º C
SITE VISIT 1 02 THURSDAY 17TH OCTOBER
14
17
18
19
20
03
SITE VISIT 2 THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER
15
SITE VISIT 3 THURSDAY 31ST OCTOBER
08
11
21
SLIPPED WINDOW TO FLOOR RATIO SEMI-SLIPPED UNSLIPPED
WINDOW TO FLOOR RATIO
UNSLIPPED SLIPPED
UNSLIPPED SEMI-SLIPPED SLIPPED ORIENTATION
0
240
300
1 3600 420
2480
540 5m 600+ LUX
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
0 1 600+ 2 540
5m
LUX
UNSLIPPED
ORIENTATION
TERRACED (ATTACHED)
180
Two new for house would floors but ma from above fl all floors, this in the first flo
0
1
60
TERRACED (ATTACHED)
2
120
5m
180
240
LUX 300
0
60
360
420
120 480
180 540
240
300
360
420
480
540
600+
600+
FIG. 4.2.11 Diagram illustrating the iluminance levels for the different “slipped” scenarios, . (Source: Ecotect)
ILLUMINANCE LEVELS_SIMULATION RESULTS (Ecotect + Radiance)
0
Two new forms were tested on ecotect to see if reducing the “slip” of the Two new forms were tested on ecotect to see if reducing the “slip” of the house would improve the lighting levels. The first aligned the bottom two house would improve the lighting levels. The first aligned the bottom two MATERIALITY MATERIALITY floors but maintained the second floor slip. This meant that overshadowing floors but maintained the second floor slip. This meant that overshadowing from above floors was reduced on the ground floor. The second form aligned from above floors was reduced on the ground floor. The second form aligned all floors, this removed overshadowing completely so light levels increased all floors, this removed overshadowing completely so light levels increased in the first floor bedroom and even further on the ground floor. in the first floor bedroom and even further on the ground floor.
4. 4.2 SLIP HOUSE ANALYSIS LIGHTING ANALYSIS1.1 LIVE / WORK
1.2 THERMAL ANALYSIS
4. INDOOR STUDIES
1.3 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
WINDOWS AND SOLAR EXPOSURE -LIVING SPACE-
9:00
13:00
15:00
21ST MARCH
SUN PATCH_LIVING SPACE (Ecotect)
9:00
13:00
15:00
21ST JUNE
9:00
13:00
21ST DECEMBER
FIG. 4.2.7 Sun patch diagrams for the ground floor in different times of the year. (Source: Ecotect)
15:00
Second floor The daylight studies of the second the three. It has two skylights, one at the top of the stairs up to the ro it is arguably best to have a lighte block it out if necessary.
SECOND FLOOR EAST FACING
SECOND FLOOR WEST FACING
CURRENT STATE
DAYLIGHT FACTOR
10 18
14
9
LUX
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600+
REDUCE WINDOW TO FLOOR RATIO AND REMOVE SKIN
DAYLIGHT FACTOR
ILLUMINANCE
7 18
11
7
LUX
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600+
FIG. 4.1.13 Chart comparing current scenario and changing the materiality of the building, showing how this change affects the iluminance levels (floor plans) and daylight factor (interior views) (Source: Ecotect)
47
ILLUMINANCE + DAYLIGHT FACTOR_SIMULATION RESULTS (Ecotect + Radiance)
ILLUMINANCE
5. HIGH_LIGHT HIGH_RISE LOCATION:
Syracuse, Upstate New York
SIZE:
38,000m2
PROGRAMME: Office high-rise
SOUTH ELEVATION (AutoCad)
The 22 storey office tower in downtown Syracuse was designed to shade the offices from direct sunlight, that would cause glare, yet help prolong the hours of external light during short winter days.
LONGITUDINAL SECTION (AutoCad)
The brief for this project was to design a class A office space for a major energy company relocating to upstate New York, they were to occupy half of the building and the rest would be rented out. The tenant also required a cafeteria, a 500 seat auditorium and ground floor shops.
SCHEMATIC SECTION DIAGRAMS (Illustrator)
SUMMARY:
North Facing Facade 1’ = 8”
GROUND FLOOR PLAN (AutoCad)
RESIN PANELS N
DETAILED SECTION_THROUGH SOUTH ELEVATION (AutoCad + Illustrator)
FLOOR SLAB
HUNG CEILING VENITILATION
RADIATOR SUPPORTIVE CABLES
Syracuse, Upstate New York
SIZE:
17,000m2
PROGRAMME:
Physical Medicine + Rehabilitation centre
SUMMARY: The aim of this analysis project was to learn how all passive and active building systems function, both individually and together, throughout the building. To achieve this detailed level of understanding, the various system blueprints were used to create 3D models of each one to illustrate where they ran through the building. Furthermore, daylighting analysis was performed to understand the effect of the large atrium space.
SUMMER 10:00
SUMMER 13:00
SECTIONAL MODELS (Microstation)
LOCATION:
SUN PATCH ANALYSIS (Microstation)
6. INSTITUTE OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE - ANALYSIS PROJECT
SUMMER 16:00
WINTER 10:00
WINTER 13:00
WINTER 16:00
Exhaust Pipes
Enclosure EXHAUST PIPES
Metal Cladding METAL CLADDING
CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
EXPLODED MATERIALITY MODEL (Microstation)
Factory PTD Kynar SelfDrainning Extruded Aluminum Louvers
BRICK CONCRETE BLOCK Concrete Block
Glass
METAL CLADDING
Brick
GLASS
Metal Cladding INTAKE + EXHAUST Intake and PANELS Exhaust Panels
Metal Cladding Concrete Floor Slab CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB
METAL CLADDING
Basement
BASEMENT
3D DIAGRAMS OF BUILDING SYSTEMS (Microstation)
BALLAST ON A MEMBRANE Ballast on a Membrane
HOT WATER BOILER SYSTEM
AIR HANDLING SYSTEM
AIR HANDLING UNIT ZONES
7. BUS TERMINAL + ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONAL CENTRE LOCATION:
Reykjavik, Iceland
SIZE:
18,000m2
PROGRAMME:
Bus Terminal + Environmental Education Centre
SUMMARY:
Photovoltaic panels were place on the roof in a position that would maximise their exposure to the sun throughout the year, which was vital especially during the winter months when there are very few hours of daylight. The educational centre inside would help to teach tourists arriving from around the world the importance of sustainability, the need to protect Iceland’s beautiful unharmed natural environments, it’s geothermal power and how Iceland aims to be completely carbon neutral by 2050.
ROOF PLAN (AutoCad + Illustrator)
This undergraduate thesis project was a bus terminal and education centre in Reykjavik created with the intent to reclaim the traffic intersection for the pedestrian. The design forces traffic to be submerged in to the ground below the building while pedestrians are able to walk up on to the top of it using long ramps. From the rooftop they will be able to walk around more freely to cross the traffic and see wonderful views of the mountains surrounding Reykjavik.
N
ROOF PLAN
AFTER
INITIAL SKETCH
LONGITUDINAL SECTION (AutoCad + Illustrator)
BEFORE
CIRCULATION DIAGRAMS (Rhino + Illustrator)
SITE PLAN BUS CIRCULATION
CITYBUS ENTRY / EXIT
CAR CIRCULATION
CURRENT VIEW OF BUS STATION
BUS CIRCULATION
CITYBUS ENTRY / EXIT
AFTER
CAR CIRCULATION
FLYBUS ENTRY / EXIT
BUS CIRCULATION
CAR CIRCULATION
CITYBUS ENTRY / EXIT
FLYBUS ENTRY / EXIT
TRANSVERSE SECTION (AutoCad + Illustrator)
7. BUS TERMINAL + ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONAL CENTRE
ROOFTOP + LOWER LEVEL RENDERS (Rhino, VRay + Photoshop)
EXPLODED STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM (Rhino)
8. SPACE DISPLACEMENT PROJECT SUMMARY: This was painted for my study abroad studio in London. We were asked to somehow illustrate a part of London in a way that could capture it in both it’s busiest and quietest times.
12’ x 5’ PAINTING OF LONDON UNDERGROUND
I chose the underground as my subject, and using paint, tried to capture how it would feel to be on the platform just after the train had left, illustrating the memory of all the people that had just been there to then have an empty station.
2015
TEXT
Rhiannon Laurie 2015