Challenges for the HE Sector
Entrepreneurial University of the Year 2011 The Times Higher Education Awards
George Martin Professor of Low Impact and Sustainable Buildings 9th October 02012
Planet Earth
Agenda • • • • • • • • •
It’s The Law The Challenge Mind the Gap Evidence / Measurement Tools Behavioural Change Drivers The Intelligent Client Conclusions
It’s The Law
Climate Change Act
26th November 2008
Climate Change Act •
• •
Targets: 34% cut by 2020; 80% by 2050 Extensive enabling powers 5 year budgets; annual reports to Parliament from the independent Committee on Climate Change
Climate Change Act November 2008
Sectoral Plans. Low carbon buildings • By 2050, all buildings will need to have an emissions footprint close to zero
The Challenge
The Challenge Leisure
Retail
Warehouse
Industrial
Hotel
Health
Commercial 1990
2020
Education Government
2050
Domestic
Barriers to progress • Plethora of policies, reports and initiatives
• Lack of collaborative integration of the supply chain • Need for general up skilling of all parts of the supply chain • Preoccupation with initial capital cost instead of appraising projects on a whole life basis • Evidential gap between design and performance in use
Mind The Gap
kgCO2/m2 per annum
Credibility gaps between virtual performance and actual performance 125
Fabric and systems efficiency improvements
100
Regulatory requirements Renewables contribution
75 Actual performance 50
Benchmarks
25 0 Ty p i c a l
Goo d
2002
25%
2 0 0 6 Ta r ge t
P ER C o v e r a l l
B u i l di ng
I ni t i a l
pr a c t i c e
R e g ul a t i o ns
r e d uc t i on
Em i ssi on s
e mi ssi o ns
Em i ssi on s
c on su m p t i o n
i nc l u di ng u p
R a t e ( T ER )
r e d uc t i on
R a t e ( B ER )
( f i r st y e a r )
t o 10 % f or r e ne wa b l e s B e nc h ma r k s
The built environment experts
B u i l d i n g R e g ul a t i o n s
11
CarbonBuzz - energy profiling from design to operation
Courtesy Aedas - Stockley Academy Built in 2005
Evidence / Measurement
CO2 Emissions 80 kg CO2 CO2 elec kg CO2 CO2 gas
kgCO2/m2
70 60 50 40
2002 Notional Building Regs
30
2006 TER Building Regs
20 10 0 School A
School B
School C
School D
School E
Good Practice
Buro Happold study of 5 new ‘well designed’ academies
Typical
Breakdown of Electrical Consumption by End Usage 140 120
Server and specialist computing Catering elecricity
kWh/m2/annum
100
Office equipment 80 Lighting 60
Fans, pumps, controls Cooling
40 20 0 School A
School B
School C
School D
School E
Breakdown of Electrical Consumption by End Usage 140 120
Server and specialist computing Catering elecricity
kWh/m2/annum
100
Office equipment 80 Lighting 60
Fans, pumps, controls Cooling
40 20 0 School A
School B
School C
School D
School E
Automatic Control versus Manual
Elizabeth Fry Building Constructed 1993/4 and occupied in January 1995
DEC rating B (26 to 50)
44
Performance of Higher Education Buildings
The Elizabeth Fry building Energy E.FRY CUMSUM OF INPUT ENERGY kwh/sq.metre/annum for prior 52 week period 90.0
K w h /s q .m /an num
80.0 70.0 60.0
heating electricity
50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 5 12 19 26 33 40 47 2 9 16 23 30 37 44 51 6 13 20 27 34 41 48 3 10 17 24 31 38 45 52 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 4 11 18 25 0 7 14 1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 5 12 19 26 33 40 47 2 9 16 23 30 37 44 51 6 13 20 27 34 41 48 1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50
week numbers (FEB 96 - JAN 07)
23
The Elizabeth Fry building Energy
24
Tools
EPCs and DECs
Energy use - the full picture Actual – Real energy use
Design forecast
Forecast Regulated CO2 Part L
Unregulated CO2
Special functions Inefficiencies From BMS Extra occupancy & operating hours
Regulated Energy Use includes: fixed building services, heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, lighting Unregulated Energy Use includes: plugload, server rooms, security, external lighting, lifts etc. Special Functions include: trading floors, server rooms, cafeteria etc. Reference: Aedas Architects 2010
Energy use - the full picture Display Energy Certificate Actual – Real energy use
Design forecast
Forecast Regulated CO 2 Part L
Unregulated CO2
Energy Performance Certificate
Special functions Inefficiencies From BMS Extra occupancy & operating hours
Regulated Energy Use includes: fixed building services, heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, lighting Unregulated Energy Use includes: plugload, server rooms, security, external lighting, lifts etc. Special Functions include: trading floors, server rooms, cafeteria etc. Reference: Aedas Architects 2010
Drivers
Energy Act 2011 • Enacted 18th October 2011 • Three principle objectives: – Tackling barriers to investment in energy efficiency – Enhancing energy security – Enabling investment in low carbon energy supplies. • Designed to make a step change in the provision of energy efficiency measures. • The Act sets out for the first time how the Green Deal will work.
49 Non-domestic energy efficiency
regulations (1) The Secretary of State must make regulations for the purpose of securing that a landlord of a non-domestic Property(c) Which falls below such level of energy efficiency (as demonstrated by the energy performance certificate) as is provided for by the regulations May not let the property until the landlord has compiled with the obligation mentioned in subsection (2) (2) The obligation is to make to the property such relevant energy efficiency improvements as are provided for by the regulations
49 Non-domestic energy efficiency
regulations (1) The Secretary of State must make regulations for the purpose of securing that a landlord of a non-domestic Property(c) Which falls below such level of energy efficiency (as demonstrated by the energy performance certificate) as is provided for by the regulations May not let the property until the landlord has compiled with the obligation mentioned in subsection (2) (2) The obligation is to make to the property such relevant energy efficiency improvements as are provided for by the regulations
Number of buildings
Chart 3 - Distribution of DEC bands across the BBP London portfolio 2009 73
1
4
7
A
B
C
14
14
D
E
10
F
G
Better Buildings Partnership survey using 2009 energy data covering 123 London Offices.
Direction from Government •
The UK’s Low Carbon Transition plan is the construction industry’s business plan for the next 40 years.
•
We need to ensure that we equip the current generation with the skills required to design, construct, operate and maintain a low carbon built environment
•
We need to be aware of unintended consequences
• We need new procurement methods
Behavioural Change
It’s Everyone • • • • • • •
Clients / Owners Investors Planners Design Supply Chain Delivery Supply Chain Operation / Maintenance Supply chain Occupiers / Users
Occupiers - Student Game
Game available at: PC Version http://sgiwiki.cueltd.co.uk/Customer/Application/CU@Green.exe Mac Version: http://sgiwiki.cueltd.co.uk/Customer/Application/Green@CU_forMAC.zip
Student Game
The Intelligent Client
The Intelligent Client Recipe • Procurement – Whole Life Costing
“Without Whole Life Costing being embedded at the heart of all capital programmes, applied universally not episodically, Ministers should give up on their carbon targets, however worthy, and forget any notion of a sustainable government estate.� (Jonathon Porritt, October 2004)
The Intelligent Client Recipe • Procurement – Whole Life Costing – DEC – Guaranteed Energy Performance • Soft Landings
Soft Landings in a sentence “A process for a graduated handover of a new or refurbished building, where a period of professional aftercare by the project team is a client requirement – planned for and carried out from project inception onwards – and lasting for up to three years post-completion”
The built environment experts
44
Energy analysis
The built environment experts
45
The Intelligent Client Recipe • Procurement – Whole Life Costing – DEC – Guaranteed Energy Performance • Soft Landings • Knowledge Capture Hub
Conclusions
The Elephant in the Boardroom !
“There is something that the Board needs to talk about”
CARBON
Conclusions………………….
"We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them."
Albert Einstein
The Message • Radical Change to the Procurement Process – Whole Life Costing – DEC – Guaranteed Energy Performance • Soft Landings • Knowledge Capture Hub
Thank you george.martin@coventry.ac.uk
Coventry University - Winner Carbon Reduction Category 2011