Re-Imagining The Design Of Public Market

A STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-CULTURAL DETERMINANTS ON COMMUNITY HOUSING IN VADODARA

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE, AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE 2021 -2022

Richa Patel

Advaita Jalan

Pratyush Shankar

Student Guide Dean

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thesis titled “Re- Imagining the Design of Public Market” is an independent work by me and has not been submitted at any other forum.

Richa Patel - Student

In my capacity as a guide of the student’s thesis, I certify that this work can be submitted for partial fulfillment of the Thesis course for Bachelor of Architecture Program at SEDA, NavraAdvaita Jalan - Guide

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am most grateful to my thesis guide Prof. Advaita Jalan, without whose unerring attention this would not have been possible, who advised me all along, her positivity and intellectual curiosity have been the ideal springboard.

I would also like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Dean SEDA, Pratyush Shankar and special thanks to our Thesis committee: Prof. Shalini Amin, Prof. Pragya Shankar, Prof. Shantanu Jana, and Prof. Neha Sareate for constant support and encouragement.

None of this would have ever happened without the unfailing support of my Father (Kamlesh Patel), Mother (Paresha Patel), Brother (Bhargav Patel), and all family members. I thank my fellow mates in Navrachna SEDA: Preet Kotadia, Srushti Patel, Toh Dosto, and all my classmates who motivated and believed in me.

I would also like to thank all the faculty members of SEDA and nurturing my journey throughout the undergraduate program.

Richa Patel

4.1 Case study 1: Avadh Shilpgram...........................................................................49 4.1.1 Intention for Study..............................................................................................49 4.1.2 Introduction........................................................................................................49 4.1.3 Concept.............................................................................................................50 4.1.4 Planning.............................................................................................................51 4.1.5 Facade...............................................................................................................52 4.1.6 Landscape.........................................................................................................52 4.1.7 Materials............................................................................................................52 4.2 Case study 2: Baltic Station Market.....................................................................53 4.2.1 Intention for Study..............................................................................................53 4.2.2 Introduction........................................................................................................53 4.2.3 Program.............................................................................................................54 4.2.4 Planning.............................................................................................................56 4.2.5 Light...................................................................................................................56 4.3 Inferences............................................................................................................57 4.3.1 Avadh shilpgram................................................................................................58 4.3.2 Baltic station Market..........................................................................................58 4.4 Case study 3: Khanderao Market........................................................................59 4.4.1 General Information...........................................................................................59 4.4.2 Types of People.................................................................................................59 4.4.3 List of activities in the Morning..........................................................................62 4.4.4 Understanding the place making techniques for daily vending activities..........62 4.5 Case study 4: Vasna road...................................................................................63 4.5.1 General Information...........................................................................................63 4.5.2 Vending activities: Understanding the sense of ownership...............................63 4.5.3 Temporary push-cart set ups............................................................................64 4.5.4 Pavement vendors occupying the main road....................................................64 4.5.5 Tea/Food stalls..................................................................................................65 4.5.6 Hybrid typology (Living-Working temporary set ups)........................................65 4.5.7 Temporary set ups............................................................................................66 4.5.8 Analyzing overlaps and sequences in activities through passage of time........66 4.5.9 Site immediate Context.....................................................................................67 4.5.10 Market near Bright School...............................................................................69 4.6 Public Space.......................................................................................................71 4.6.1 What makes good Public Spaces ?..................................................................71 4.6.2 Access & Linkages............................................................................................72 4.6.3 Comfort & Image...............................................................................................73 4.6.4 Sociability..........................................................................................................74 4.6.5 Uses & Activities................................................................................................74

Introduction

1.1 Aim:

Re-define a marketplace with a new typology and concept of the space which will include a blend of public activities and is connected with the urban environment, promoting urban activities.

1.2 Objectives:

It is aimed at re-creating the perception of individuals about the market, improving and updating this condition based on an understanding of the nature of market space and typology within the Indian context.

In addition, it should look out to include the layer of other public functions that create connections with people. By altering the way markets are conceived and taken into consideration, we can feature the layer of other public functions that create a sense of commitment toward people, encouraging active and productive public spaces.

1.3 Scope & Limitations:

The market reflects a wide range of form and scale which defers from micro to macro-level planning. So to narrow it down the main focus is to create a market in a particular part of town where there’s a demand for a local market.

The study cannot be looking at the supermarkets such as Dmart, Spencer, and Hyper city. Its stand-alone building is part of larger primary functions. This supermarket is associated with corporate branding. Here the thesis taking about community-based market and communities also evolve with the process of buying and selling.

Specifically, the study concentrates on markets in Vadodara city within VUDA boundaries, with less attention paid to its eastern side since it focuses on the central part of the city and the developed part in the western side. It focuses on certain types of market space within the city in order to understand the market in the city area.

1.4 Methodology:

The methodology should provide a framework for the planning process. The strategy would come with the subsequent major steps:

1. Problem identification: Identifying the problems and issues and the nature of markets in Vadodara.

2. Base study & Research: The first stage towards the solution is to know the topic and to begin researching. (Primary mapping, Understanding current scenario of market, Understanding the gap, Types and working of market)

3. Analysis: The second stage comes the analysis part which involves an in-depth analysis of the subject. (Context analysis, Site level analysis)

4. Case study: Taking inspiration from all the similar works and concepts from around the world.

5. A base understanding of site selection.

6. Design concerns and style inventions.

7. Understanding project programme.

Figure 1.1 Flowchart of Methodology

1.5 Project Brief:

The idea is to choose a site in an urban setting and understand the context and so the evolution of the market settlement through time. The market plays a crucial part in our daily lives. The standard of markets within the city is in a very broken-down situation. Even with our updated time, the markets here are still of the older era. The question that arises here is that there has been up-gradation altogether the various sectors like theaters, malls, houses, etc. are continuously updating in the aspects of comfort, advancement. Why not same with the important public space just like the market? Markets are identical now because it had been back 200 years, why can’t we modify our perspective of observing these markets? This thesis revolves around how we could re-imagine and re-think our ideology for these markets, towards making them one stem high and set an example for society to vary their perspective for these markets. So, the aim is to want efforts and ideas which provided for creating these markets better spaces for people within the town.

Figure 1.2 Diagram of Market Activity

Base study & Research

2.1 What is Public Market ?

Markets serve as public gathering places for people from different cultural, ethnic and socioeconomic communities. They are considered as the integral constituent of urban development in order to provide the opportunities for recreational activities. They occupy an essential space within the public of cities in India. Streets not only determine the character of a place but also depict the lifestyle of the citizens. Social life revolves around the public spaces which have traditionally been the streets. They are important commercial and cultural spaces and promote quality of life within cities. In order to understand the design of the urban places as living corridors affecting the street market documentation was conducted in an Indira market of Dehradun. The study focuses on the elements that shape the street experience and culture at the scale of the city. This study enables us to analyse various design elements that affect the behaviour of the user. A market in Dehradun has been chosen for the study because of deliberate choice and practical considerations. The study is limited to the existing factors and its influence on the users. The aim of the study is to know how street markets being the most socially active spaces of the urban fabric of the city can be improved to make a user more comfortable.

Aditi Jain, S. A. (n.d.). Indian Market as Social spaces

2.2 Understand Market Space in Vadodara

In Vadodara, there are several marketplaces to visit. Markets reflect the culture of any city. The same is true in Vadodara, where you will find several textile markets, clothing marketplaces, vegetable and fruit markets, and so on. Also, some markets are seasonal, attracting people from all over the world to sell their wares, such as Tibetan markets. Vadodara residents are known for their enthusiasm for all types of marketplaces.

The ancient Vadodara, or walled city, has a high density of these marketplaces, which specialize in vegetables, fruit, specialties, and daily market, and sell local goods and commodities at lower prices. Khanderao Market is a well-known market with a long history. A big cluster of these marketplaces can be found within the walled city, however, the concentration of these markets varies as one travels to the newer portions of Vadodara

In India, local bazaars are more convenient, less expensive, and more in tune with people’s buying preferences. The bazaars’ many qualities include street sellers, hawkers, stand-alone businesses, and pushcarts in the streets, all of which provide users with a variety of activities in one location. The nature and spatial arrangement of local bazaars are frequently informal. These markets have been shifted from one site to another. However, when one walks to the newer parts of Vadodara, the concentration of these marketplaces changes.

Figure 2.1 Khanderao Market

Figure 2.2 Pol of Mangal Bazar

Figure 2.3 Vendors near Khanderao Market

2.3 Types of Market

2.3.1 Permanent market

Permanent market is the daily market that opens every day or permanently on certain days in a week or months. These types of markets usually sell daily items such as vegetables, meat, chicken, fish, and other fresh products for the local community to purchase. The permanent market usually has fixed stalls where the vendors have their own stalls that they rent.

Kamarudin, A. M. (n.d.). Discovering the qualities offerringhi night Market as an urban cultural space.

This are the markets which are made by the Vadodara Municipal operation (VMC) or they are natural existed in the area for a long period of time which became permanent at that place.

2.3.2 Ancillary Market:

A market that provides necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization or system. The market has its stand-alone building and this supermarket is associated with the main function of branding.

Figure 2.5 Passage of Khanderao Market

Figure 2.6 Entrance of Khanderao Market

Figure 2.4 Diagram of Permanent Market

Figure 2.7 Diagram of Ancillary Market

2.3.3 Temporary market

Temporary market is based on seasonal events, festivals, and special occasions. This type of street market is often held in a public space in the city. Certain areas and the street will be temporarily occupied by market vendors to sell special products based on the local culture, events, and festivals held at the market. The street market events add liveliness to the urban setting.

Kamarudin, A. M. (n.d.). Discovering the qualities offerringhi night Market as an urban cultural space.

Temporary markets are distinct from ordinary markets in that they engage in activities that a regular market or marketplace does not. People prefer to link themselves with the site of these markets in the city. This type of markets are majorly found in many places of Vadodara. A this items to display also called “laari’’ It is found in clusters or as individual seller.

2.3.4 Street Vending

Visibility is a key requirement for merchants, so they use the city’s major junctions and streets. Street vending activities, such as selling vegetables, fruits, and home items to passers-by, play a significant role. Street merchants set up shops on the sidewalks to sell goods. Passers-by have sight or occasionally direct touch with the sellers. Temporary activities are defined here as those that take up space and hence provide a sense of belonging in a wide sense. Vending activities on the street are frequently transient and only last a short time.

Figure 2.8 Diagram of Temporary Market

Figure 2.9 Street of Mangal Bazar

Figure 2.10 Diagram of Street Vending

Figure 2.11 Vendors outside Khanderao Market

Figure 2.12 Keyplan of Vadodara highlighting the existing market

2.4 Primary Mapping and Timeline

The city of Vadodara has acquired historical and cultural importance over the years through markets. The city expanded its boundaries over time with increasing density. The centre of the city with it’s a high density of markets. Despite the expansion of the city’s limits, initially, the dependence on the city’s central core remained intact and latterly development was seen on the other side of the city in a radial pattern. Here, a map of the city of Vadodara shows the locations of existing markets with a timeline and markets within the boundaries of the VMC.

1860 Khanderao Market

Padmavati Market Nava Bazar Kothi Market Mangal Bazar Dandiya Bazaar 1920-1930 1942-1952

China Market Madar Market Radio Market Sardar Patel Vegetable Market Kadak Bazar

VMC Panigate shak Market Zaveri Bazar Kabir Market (Hathikhana)

Race Course vegetable Market Gotri market Sindhi Market D’mart(vasna) D’mart(akota) 7 Seas

Muj mahuda Market

Bright school Market Bansal Centre square Inorbit Osia Mart

1955-1970

1976-2009 2009-2020

2.5 Mapping the Typologies

Figure 2.13 Keyplan of Vadodara highlighting the existing market

2.6 Categorization of Typologies

The categorization of the market typologies of retail practices in Vadodara has been done on the basis various factors which is helpful in understanding all the typologies distinctly as well as a comparison between the typologies is possible here, which later help in forming criteria for selection of the study areas. The determinants that guide the retail activities can be are discussed in the categorization Location being one of the important factors to start with has been mentioned followed by various factors that are dependent on the area and location of the market or bazaar The location gives a brief knowledge about the spatial configuration and nature of the market. While identifying the typologies, an idea about the products sold or the types of activities carried out can be assumed. The categorization also describes the type of people the timings and the overall functioning and surroundings of the market or bazaar.

Figure 2.14 Categorization of Market typologies

Figure 2.14 Categorization of Market typologies

2.7 Categorisation of the different Markets

- Categorisation of the different markets in terms of forms and organization.

2.8 Current Condition of Market

Current Condition Talking about the markets in Vadodara the condition of markets may perhaps be a dilapidated state. Vadodara may be a fast-growing city and also ranks among Smart cities but in contradiction, there’s an absence of growth within the essential public sector like markets that we encounter day to day basis. the bulk of the markets here don’t have an accurate infrastructure where there would be a delegated place of vending activities just a few markets which are made by VMC has some infrastructure which also lagging in various elements, Also no proper utilities like toilets, garbage are provided in any markets, Moreover, many urban level issues are generated by the markets like producing chaos on the roads, tie up, roads, and walkway blockage, etc. These markets became Grey areas in Vadodara. People are neglecting the role and impact of daily public spaces on the people furthermore as on the town. Understanding the prevailing scenario gives me a transparent overview of the condition which also guides me in further studies additionally. After analysis and observing the markets in Vadodara city. i’ve got determine some major issues with markets and the way to wrongly the structure has been laid. this is often vital to know the mistakes society is making and also the vendors which creating these issues. Somewhere, the Municipal corporation has also failed at some points and not properly maintaining the markets all round the city. Even for the land-uses very less lands to no lands are alloted for the markets which makes the increase on the encroachments everywhere town. These issues are generated because we lacked within the laying the correct system for markets within the citv. i’ve got tried to showcase all the problems in a very pictorial manner where are as under

- Lack of proper spaces for vendors.

- Unorganized spaces

Figure 2.15 Vendors in Khanderao Market

Figure 2.16 Vendors in Nani Shak Market

- Vendors occupying the street for their functions.

- Unhygienic Space

2.8.1 Inferences

Gazing this issues with the markets, two major issues are often seen within the town. Urban & Infrastructure issues. Urban issues address the town issues and infrastructure issues look towards the built environment, utilities, etc.

Urban Issues

- Randomize encroachments making congestion on the roads.

- Because of lack of services they ended up degrading the urban environment in some ways like making town dirty by dumping their waste on roads or making chaos and a nuisance on the roads.

Infrastructure Issues

- The bulk of markets don’t seem to be organized and don’t have any infrastructure facilities.

- For the markets made and developed under the urban local bodies(VMC) are empty the essential infrastructure facilities

- No sanitation measures, no basic facilities for vendors moreover as consumers like proper parking, no space for walking, lack of space to accommodate all the seller resulting more encroachments

- Lack of proper spaces for the vendors could even be seen within the final word city further.

Additionally to this Vadodara city a giant need for correct market spaces and also to re-look towards these markets to vary their current condition.

Figure 2.17 Vendors near Bright School

Figure 2.18 Vendors in Khanderao Market

Project Site & Analysis

3.1 Criteria for Site Selection

- Visible (or near the well-known place)

- Having the very best area compare to other zones and a major house hold population the zone lacks a number of markets.

- The structure & Quality of markets are very poor compare to development within the area.

- With the high-paced development, essential public amenities like markets are neglected & no proper provisions are given.

- This area encompasses a high scope for contemporary development which matches in with the thesis idea.

- High level of car counts and existing pedestrian activity, convenient access to the location.

3.2 Site Options

3.3 Site Location and Description

Site is situated on the Vasna Bhayali link road near Maharaja Chowk Sun Pharma Road – Tandalja, Vadodara. The site can be precisely described as the last and the best location in Vasna. The site itself makes the project feasible and viable to quite an extent. There is a very high demand on Public market in this area.

Accessibility from Site:

i. Railway Station and Bus Terminal at 6.60kms.

ii. Vadodara Airport at 12.10kms.

iii. Schools, Colleges, University, Hospitals etc. all in close vicinity at 4.00kms.

Site Orientation:

North : 17m wide road, Commercial Complex, Residencial area, Temple South : Vuda Housing East : Commercial Complex, Residencial area, Open area West : Vasna cremetorium

It can be technically envisaged and anticipated that all the 3 sides of the site/ plot are not going to change in the present the future. The area is free of any chaos, sound, pollution, overall peaceful. It’s a flat land with few huge trees (Neam) and soil appears to be good with an anticipated SBC of @ 17T to 19T / m² (However this shall be established after the soil test only).

(Goggle map has been illustrated by the author.)

3.4 Site Inferences

Location: Vasna road, near Nilamber bungalows

Site area: 14,000 sq. mt.

Road: 17 mt. Wide

- Upcoming developing area

- Existing temporary public market

- Major residence around - Mix income group

North side: -Public complexes -Hospital -Hanuman Temple

Eastside: -Nilamber society -Higher-income housing -Commercial complex -Bank

West side: -Commercial complex -School

-Bhayli

- Higher-income housing

Southside: -VUDA Housing

-Low-income Housing

3.5 Site Immediate Context

3.6 Views to Site

Photographic documentaion of the site.

Figure 3.8 Site Plan

Figure 3.10 View of site from main road.

Figure 3.9 View of site having connection with road.

Figure 3.12 View of site towards the road side.

Figure 3.11 View of site from inside.

Figure 3.15 Site views

3.6.1 Views from sites

Positive and Negative views ara shown, which are viewed from the site.

Figure 3.14 Overall view of site from angle. Figure 3.13 View of site from inside.

Site

Figure 3.16 Site plan

Located within the South-west of Vadodara, the positioning contains a very high scope for multidisciplinary activities and making a lively urban market & public space. The topography of the location is flat. the realm within which the positioning is found within the newer areas of Vadodara which are developing at a high rate. Having an honest structure makes the project stand out as no other development is around.

3.8 Figure Ground

Nolli’s map shows the connection between built and unbuilt spaces. Viewing the map major build-up is seen on the side.

Figure 3.17 Site plan depicts ground figure

3.9 Road Networks

A variety of vehicles operate together from cars, and trucks to scooters. the location is attached to a primary road having 20 m in breadth and a Secondary Road 15m wide. The condition of roads seems good apart from a number of the tertiary roads. Traffic seems to be managed effectively, but there’s congestion seen the height hours on the node adjacent to the positioning.

Figure 3.18 Site plan depicts Road network

3.10 Site Context

Figure 3.19 Site plan depicts context

Land-use of Site is Public usage. The world contains a high amount of personal land. the world round the site are going to develop as a vigorous public area. So, the junction will become a very important node within the future. Other land uses like commercial areas have very less density round the site.

3.11 Site Connection with Neighbourhood Areas

Figure 3.24 Site connection with other areas

3.12 Site Parameters

3.11.1 Site Measurements

Measurement of Site is shown in Figure Majorly the location is exposed towards the road site. the form of the positioning is usually rectangular which supplies benefits over space wastage.

Figure 3.20 Site measurements

3.11.2 Legalities

The F.S.I of the positioning is 1.8 and the permissible height is 45 m. The buildings alongside this road have a billboard complex and community.

Figure 3.21 Site F.S.I

3.11.3 Setbacks and Build-able area

Measurement of Site is shown These are the setback margin to be left on the positioning as per GDCR. the overall build-able area leaving the margins is 11,500 m2.

Figure 3.23 Site Vegetation

3.11.4 Vegetation

There is an amount of plantation of Neem trees alongside the sting of the positioning. There are many other features that are present on the present site which is shown within the Figure. a significant amount of noise is coming from the most road having the general public and Market functions in an exceedingly more introverted environment is beneficiary.

Figure 3.22 Site buildable Area

Case Studies

4.1 Case Study 1: Avadh Shilpgram

4.1.1 Intention for Study

-It is an honest showcase of an urban market that is evolved and designed to keep the essence of the context alive.

-The scale of the project throws that complexity and grasping all the functions in addition.

Project Location : Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Built-up Area : 29,784 m2

Architects : Archohm Climate: Humid & Subtropical Year - 2016 City : Lucknow

4.1.2 Introduction

Introducing a kind of ride through spaces and experiences that are controlled and enhanced through architectural forms and materiality. The visual mélange produces an architectural scenario for the activity of leisure and pleasure, an indulgence in shopping as well as the feeling of partaking in actions related to craft and culture. It creates an urban scope that inserts itself within a different reality, like in an amusement park, a bubble of reality within the everyday reality of the city outside. (Archdaily, 2016)

Figure 4.1 Avadh Shilpgram

4.1.3 Concept

An elliptical form enables a smooth corner-free circulation; it narrows down while spiraling inward, and emulates the density and vibrancy of the Lucknowi Bazaars of yesteryears; the bazaars with the streets that got progressively narrower. The built environment is an interpretative collage, a gesture sajuting the unique traditional architecture of the Roomi Darwaza and the Imambaras.

Having the number of floors limited to 2 only and spreading the structure in ground makes sure that people experience it at humane scale and it would give that feel of street bazaars.

Figure 4.2 Plan and Section of Avadh Shilpgram

Figure 4.3 Street View of Avadh Shilpgram

Figure 4.4 Arches of Avadh Shilpgram

4.1.4 Planning

The project is planned in elliptical layout. The plan reflects the indigenous market tradition of Luknow, all the market area is spread on the ground with these beautiful long passages guiding the way of the people to the center of the structure and gives that essence of street market more in a contemporary manner. Moreover, in addition to this amazing street shopping experience it is also designed to make full out of leisure activities, on the site you could find various sitting spaces, green pockets, green lawns which adds up to the project. It has also kept in mind about the extra possibilities and advancement that a contemporary market must have like exhibition halls, banquet halls, kids play areas, officès for administration. food courts etc. Avadh Shilpgram indeed provides generous facilities to visitors and artisans.The arch, being an important element of the architecture of the city of Lucknow, is introduced as a skin to the inner face of the buildings. It is given make-over’ in a contemporary style even while continuous access is allowed beneath it.

(Archohm, 2016)

Figure 4.5 Ground Floor Plan

4.1.5 Facade

It plays an important role in this market. All the shops are aligned alongside the long elliptical passage and facade helps to create a buffer zone as well as work as an element. (Archohm, 2016)

4.1.6 Landscape

All between the long street bazaar passages their is good integration of public spaces as well.

4.1.7 Materials

Materials used in the project give a warm feel and contemporary look materials such as red Agra stone for cladding, MS members for arches, Concrete for framework. Pavement in Kota Stone in cladding are used mainly.

Figure 4.6 Facade of the building

Figure 4.7 Landscape of the building

Figure 4.8 Material palettes of the building

4.2 Case Study 2: Baltic Station Market

4.2.1 Intention for Study

-To understand the program and integrity of varied functions with one another. Understand to form an area urban hot-spot for people.

-To understand the importance of light and volumes within the space. the making of the market.

-To understand the spaces and organization of spaces.

-It shows the society, newer terms, and ideals to seem at a market.

Climate: Humid continental climate

Year: 2017

Project Location: Tallinn, Estonia

Built-up Area: 25,000 m2

Architects: KOKO architects

Floors:3

4.2.2 Introduction

The Baltic Station Market is located in north Tallinn between the city’s main railway station and the popular residential district of Kalamaja. The aim of the reconstruction design was to create a contemporary and diverse market, while also preserving the historic character of the market with all of its hustle and bustle and chaotic nature. We added to the pre-existing context to attract the widest target audience possible - from rail passengers to local residents, young people to tourists, and everyone who happens to be passing through the area.

Figure 4.9 Entrance of the Baltic station Market

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Figure 4.10 Section

4.2.3 Program

The market is divided into 3 layer of floors each with different amount of functions in them. Level 01 has mostly all sorts of second-hand goods and clothing. Level 02 is dedicated for the market and other market related activities. Level 03 is mainly of individual retail shops and underground parking as well.

Figure 4.11 internal planning for vendors

Figure 4.12 external planning of vendors

Figure 4.13 Floor Plan

Figure 4.15 internal layout of vendors

Figure 4.16 Connection with Station

Figure 4.14 Percentage of Different areas

4.2.4 Planning

Batlic market is planned in such a way that it can gather the crowd from all the directions due to its flexible open accessibility from all its edges. Outer areas are for public areas and outdoor market when makes it easier for the people to grab their daily items without roaming into whole market.

The main market is kept at the center making it connected toall other functions. The underlying architectural idea of the new market is to draw attention to these powerful structural elements. The market is held together and covered by a striking roofscape that forms the exterior envelope of the building, both in terms of form and furiction. The new extension includes a saw-tooth roof following a gradual longitudinal axis, in line with shape and size of the original buildings. The roof is an eye-catching, unique and central element underlying the sustainable features of the building, while creating a diverse and contemporary local market.

(Archdaily, 2017)

4.2.5 Light

Light is an important feature when talking about the markets. Batlic market creates large volumes and cutouts to pierce the light from its slits opening in the roof to capture light right to the bottom of market. It provides the spaces and transitional spaces a dynamic touch and user could able to see all the activities happening on all levels.

Figure 4.17 Volume of the Market

4.3 Inferences

4.3.1 Avadh shilpgram

-To make the spaces of market spread on ground which supplies an essence of traditional markets and also gives a way of place.

-To make & arrange the massing of the building with back idea of Context and Climate. To Restrict vehicular entry at some point and encourage people to steer inside the positioning.

-To make leisure spaces like green pockets, green lawns, seatings which amplifies the interest of individuals for the location.

-Addition of various other functions apart from market which fits hand handy with it making & thinking it as quite just a market place.

-To use materials which also enhances the texture of market place.

4.3.2 Baltic station Market

-Making interior spaces specified it could penetrate natural light and ventilation throughout all the floors.

-To create all the spaces which are interconnected with themselves and to rearrange functions in hierarchy in step with usability.

-To create urban spaces at the sides of the location which makes the People to require an intermission.

4.4 Case Study 3: Khanderao Market

Khanderao Market is an example of a planned market that functions as a one-stop solution for many shoppers and acts as a municipality of the city. The market operates almost throughout the day, with different spaces operating separately with different but synchronized functions.

4.4.1 General Information

Location: Khanderao Market Building, Kevdabaug

Surrounding Landmark: Kirt Stambh, Polo Ground

Products Sold: Vegetables, fruits, flowers, earthen ware, grocery, dry Fruits and worship material shops

Timings: 4 am- 9 pm.

Wholesale market: 4 am- 3 pm

Figure 4.18 Location of the Market

4.4.2 Types of People

Vendors:

Figure 4.19 Entrance of the Market

Khanderao Market operates as a wholesale and retail market for fruits and vegetables. Retail vendors place their wares in the front and central part of the building, operating most of the day, while the wholesale market operates at the back of the market building, functoning from early morning to afternoon hours.

Visitors:

Khanderao Market attracts visitors from all wall classes as people from the surrounding areas as well as buyers of specific goods are drawn to the market.

Government Officials:

Khanderao market building also functions as munic pal corporation of the city. The government offices in the building start functioning in the morning.

Figure 4.20

Flower market paremanent structure time : 6:00-11:00

Figure 4.21 Worship Material Market paremanent structure time : 8:00-7:00

Figure 4.22

Vegetable market paremanent structure time : 7:00-1:00

Figure 4.23 Grocery market paremanent structure time : 8:00-7:00

Figure 4.24 Food/Tea spot Temporary structure time : 10:00-11:00

Figure 4.25 Schematic plan of the Market

4.4.4 Understanding the place making techniques for daily vending activities

The vending spaces in the bazaar are a combination of the physical as well as intangible elements. Everyday setting up of these spaces and the morning rush in the bazaar depicts the change in time. The places in the bazaar except for the shops are not marked physically and are merely empty road or pavements. The area which each vendor takes up everyday is fixed priorly. They tend to align themselves to the plinths, urban elements like railings or demarcations and other road side elements. To understand the everyday place making and setting up practices a series of sketches depicting the activities of setting have been discussed in the next part.

Vendors : Creating Demarcation of space.

Existing element : Using existing Demarcation of VMC market.

Existing shading element : Using existing Demarcation of VMC market.

Establishing Ownership

:

Using cloth or plastic sheets as horizontal surfaces to mark boundry.

4.4.3 List of Activities in the Morning

- Sweeping the front area

- People waiting for tea at the tea stall

- Loading-unloading of trucks

- People walk very fast

- People buying vegetables

- Vendors carrying crates

- Visitors buying bags full of products in gunny sacks

- Helpers helping the vendors to set up the products

- Buyers asking prices to vendors

- People waiting outside government offices

- Vendors on foot selling products

- Vendors drinking water from the hand pump

- Visitors parking vehicles

Setting Up :

Organizing the commodities for the display.

Interaction : Interconnection appear between vendors and buyers.

Extension to the Shop : Shops spilling out on the sheets, to engage in interactions with the crowd.

Shop : Shop before the market opens. (Time-9:45 am)

Opening up : Opening up of the shops and display of products.

Pavement Vendors : Creating Demarcation of space.

Existing element : Using existing Demarcation of street.

Establishing Ownership : Using cloth or plastic sheets as horizontal surfaces to mark boundry.

Shops + Plug in : co-existing and collaborating in the same space.

Shop : Shop before the market opens.(9:00 am)

Setting up : Everyday reorgainzing of shop display na dproducts.

Extending out on the street : Extending out display of products on the street, reducing walkable are on the street..

Shading elements : Extending out of the shade, to shade the display of products on the street.

Walkablearea & Interaction : Reduced walkable area due to extension of the shops and interaction.

Setting Up : Organizing the commodities for the display.

Workspace : Establishing internal spaces for seating and display of products.

Interaction : Interconnection appear between vendors and buyers. Also adding another layer as a shading element.

Plug in : plug in near to existing shop and establish ownership on the pavement.

Add products : adding products on the horizontal surface like plastic or cloth.

Interaction : Vendors and buyers engaging at the threshold for interaction.

4.5 Case Study 4: Vasna Road

4.5.1 General Information

Location: Khanderao Market Building, Kevdabaug Surrounding Buildings: residential, commercial, religious Products Sold: Vegetables, fruits, flowers Timings: 8 am- 7 pm.

Years of development, shifts and transformations are characteristic of the city of Vadodara. According to traditional Indian concepts, buying, selling, buying and marketing have always been informal. Being on the street sometimes causes traffic jams, but at the same time makes shopping more convenient.

Street vendors purchase products from APMC wholesale stores, load them and navigate to the selected area. Some street vendors occupy space in a particular area and act as stationary elements that always function in the same place, while others move in the sense that they move from one area of the city to another. Possible and therefore a fixed sales location. But integrating both types is the background of the street.

The location of this case study is Bright School Street Market. The site is 1km long, with Vasna Junction on one end and Bright School Junction on the other end. The Junction is mainly surrounded by residential buildings and a short shelter at the front end of the arterial road.

4.5.2 Vending activities: Understanding the sense of ownership

Vasna road is surrounded by residential, commercial as well religious use built spaces. Being one of the busiest areas in the city the route also connects the old city to the extended city areas. This brings in more commuters and passers-by throughout the day. Hence the vendors choose specific spots to vend as visibility becomes an important factor

Figure 4.26 Location of the Road

4.5.3 Temporary push-cart set ups

A temporary stall and shading element, which is set up on the pavement besides the main road every morning functions till evening surrounded by other vendors in the evening.

4.5.4 Pavement vendors occupying the main road

Occupying the pavements outside the landmark buildings, a group of pavement vendors start setting up at 4 p.m. in the evening, which turns into a mandi by 7:30 p.m. for the passers-by. Also using railing outside an existing site the vendor sets up his products on the platform (existing urban element), which functions with minimum set up and requires no additional element for the display.

Figure 4.27 Push-cart Vendors

Figure 4.28 Road Vendors

Figure 4.29 Pavement Vendors

Figure 4.30 Road Vendors

4.5.5 Tea/Food stalls

Early mornings give space to food push carts and stalls that are moved aside by noon. Road side tea stall vendors tend to choose place under trees, to provide a ready-made shade to the visitors. Hence, they choose spots based on the vehicular speed, such that the passers by can register the set ups.

LIVE WORK

4.5.6 Hybrid typology (Living-Working temporary set ups)

Shelter to live on the rear side, while set up to sell commodities on the front the vendors Claim ownership of the space in and around this shelter, existing on the edge of the main road.

Figure 4.31 Food stalls Figure 4.32 Tea stalls

Figure 4.33 Work Space Figure 4.34 Live Space

4.5.7 Temporary set ups

A temporary stall and shading element, which is set up on the tempo or rickshaw besides the main road every morning functions till evening.

4.5.8 Analyzing overlaps and sequences in activities through passage of time

Based on time, the activities at the street can be divided into various aspects for the purpose of understanding their relationship to the built and each other. Hence understanding all the activities simultaneously can explain the inter relationship between spaces and activities as well as two different activities.

Figure 4.35 Tempo Vendors

Figure 4.35 Tempo Vendors

Figure 4.35 Tempo Vendors

4.5.9 Site Immediate Context

4.5.10 Analysis of Market near Bright School

Unloading Supplies

Unloading is done during this time and vendors are setting their stalls up at 7 am to 8 am. Supplies are brought via Rickshaw, Laari.

Vendors occupying the Street

In the morning vendors selling fruit and vegetables on the other side of the street and pavement vendors create attraction towards buyers.

Adding Shading element

Afternoon heat at the street, brings out all kinds of shading elerents that are used by the vendors. some pavement vendors use umbrella as a shading element throughout the afternoon.

Unloading and Shifting Supplies

Pavement vendors pack up and start shifting their products on the other side of the road and loading other products into auto rickshaws, laari.

Vendors occupying the Main Road

In the evening time vendors selling fruit and vegetables on the other side of the road and pavement vendors create attraction towards buyers.

Figure 4.37 Illustration of Market

4.6 Public Space

(pps.org)

Healthy public spaces are the springboard for revitalizing communities, whatever they are and wherever they are. That an attractive, active, well-functioning public space can jumpstart economic development in a community - from a small rural town to a big city - is being recognized increasingly around the world. Public spaces are a vital ingredient of successful cities. They help build a sense of community, civic identity and culture. Public spaces facilitate social capital, economic development and community revitalization.

6.6.1 What makes good Public Spaces ? (pps.org)

Great public spaces are those places where celebrations are held, social and economic exchanges occur, friends run into each other, and cultures mix. They are the “front porches” of our public institutions - libraries, field houses, schools- where we interact with each other and government. When theses spaces work well, they serve as the stage for our public lives.

6.6.2 Access & Linkages

A successful public space is easy to get to and get through, it is visible both from a distance and up close. The edges of a space are important as well. A row of shops along a street is more interesting and generally safer to walk by than a blank wall.

6.6.3 Comfort & Image

When people see friends, meet and greet their neighbors, and feel comfortable interacting with strangers, they tend to feel a stronger sense of place or attachment to their communityand to the place that fosters these types of social activities.

6.6.4 Sociability

When people see friends, meet and greet their neighbors, and feel comfortable interacting with strangers, they tend to feel a stronger sense of place or attachment to their communityand to the place that fosters these types of social activities.

6.6.5 Uses & Activities

Activities are the basic building blocks of great places: They are the reasons why people visit in the first place, and why they continue to return. They are also what makes a place special or unique.

Program and Design

5.1 Programmatic Interpretation

Market should be the platform to encourage public participation. It should be like a market which is accessible by everyone and not only for buying and selling people.

Key wordsPublic participation Pockets of Interaction Transparency Accessibility Visual connection

Celebration

5.2 Community Based Market

Fruits and Vegetables Market

Public community Markets exist to fulfill a public purpose, showcase a community’s unique character and culture while serving its everyday shopping needs. They typically focus on the sale of a full array of fresh, healthful, value added, and prepared foods – often locally grown or produced. They are sometimes rounded out by crafts and/or a variety of needed neighborhood businesses. They usually include a seasonal, outdoor farmers market component.

Public Markets prohibit chain stores and franchises. They focus on businesses that are locally owned and operated which highlight the best of local foods, crafts, music, heritage and culture.

Public Markets often incorporate a seasonal farmers market for the sale of “in season”, fresh, and value-added farm products sold on tables rented by the day. These ‘daytables’ are frequently augmented with locally made crafts.

Public Markets encourage diverse vendors that reflect the ethnic make-up of their communities. A mix of experienced vendors and start-ups is encouraged. Typically, training in display, marketing, etc. is provided to help new businesses prosper.

(2017 Public Market Development)

5.3 Program Details

1. Administration

-Reception Area -Waiting Area -Account Department -Help Desk -Office Head -Restroom Male Female -Pantry Space

2. Market Space

-Vegetable Market Selling Area 20% Circulation Space Storage (Dry + Cold)

-Fruit Market Selling Area20% Circulation SpaceStorage (Cold)

-Flower Market Selling Area20% Circulation SpaceStorage (Cold)

-Dairy Products AreaStorages (For Selling) 20% Circulation Space Cash Counter (For billing purposes)

-Outdoor Market Selling Area

-Farmer’s Market Selling Area20% Circulation SpaceStorage (Cold)

-Parmenent space for Seasonal Market

3. Multifunctional public space

-Multipurpose Area -Canteen Area/Food street Sitting Space Kitchen Outdoor Sitting (depend on design) Billing Counter

-Sittting Space -Amphitheatre/Multi purpose Hall -Exhibition Space -cultural Space (Perfoming workshop, lecture, Festivals)

4. Services

5.5 Design Position

Relationship between new built with the essence of local market is determined from the value assigned to the meaning of its heritage sense of nature and to its modern interpretation.

The character of a market and architecture to highlight the value of the buyer and seller activity and will achieve a stimulating yet respectful design that demonstrates importance of market environment with the association of community as a means of bringing people closer.

Market as a street.

Key

5.5.1 Inference from the all Market Analysis

5.5.2 Spatial diagram shows essence of market in various abstract diagrams.

Figure 5.1 The black colour grid represent the static aspects of buying and selling.

Figure 5.2 The red colour grid above the black colour grid represent the dynamic nature of the market environment.

Figure 5.3 The figure shows that how permanent market space adjust and taken their place within the informal environment.

Figure 5.4 The figure shows that how permanent and temporary market space adjust and taken their place within the informal environment.

Figure 5.5 The figure shows the interaction between the permanent and temporary market space with the informal nature of market environment.

5.5.3 Models pictures shows abstract analysis of Market

Figure 5.6 Static nature of buying and selling Figure 5.7 The dynamic nature of the market environment.

Figure 5.8 Market space adjust and taken their place within the informal environment.

Figure 5.9 Interaction between the permanent and temporary market space.

5.5.4 Street Experience

Figure 5.10 Diagram of street within the building

5.5.5 Public Flow within the Building

Figure 5.11 Public flow within the building

Zoning Process

Figure 5.11

A Central Principal axis is created in the site which passes through the site and connecting both the roads in a straight line. This Principal Axis will act as a Street and central part for the project which will a multi-usable active public space throughout the day and around which all the functions will develop.

-Easy & Efficient connection with both the roads.

-Site connecting all the functions around Axis (street).

-directly accessible and easy for the user.

-It will act main public street attracting people from outside.

Figure 5.12

Another two minor axis were created, one from the front secondary road and another one from the residential area. Both the axis later intersects with the Central Principal axis.

Figure 5.13

A principal axis and two minor axis divided the site in to six parts.

Figure 5.14

An intersection point of the principal axis and two minor axis created a major junction and later it will act as an interaction point that attracts people and maintains connectivity with surrounding spaces.

Figure 5.15

The diagram shows the division of the site into two major functions one is multifunctional space which includes a food court, cafe, food street, amphitheater, multipurpose hall, recreational space, etc. and another one is market space which includes a fruits and vegetable market, flower market, Seasonal and farmers market, dairy products, etc.

An intersection point of the principal axis and two minor axis created a major junction and later it will act as a public street which creates a connection with the main road and surrounding context.

Figure 5.16

The diagram shows the detailed level zoning of the market and public function on the site along with the intersection of three axis. so the site develops in to this area only and below the part of site converted into green patch.

5.7 Initial Process Drawings

Figure 5.17 Process basic Layout

Figure 5.18 Process Plan option

Figure 5.19 Process Plan option -2

Figure 5.20 Process Section

Figure 5.21 Process Model option - 1

Figure 5.22 Process Model option - 2

Design Development

Figure 5.23 Design development

Figure 5.23 Design development

5.9 Design Process

Figure 5.24 Design process

Figure 5.24 Design process

Final Drawings

6.1 Area Program

6.2 Plans

6.2 Sections

6.3 Elevations

6.4 Seating Arrangement for Vendors

Figure 6.1 Seating arrangement

Figure 6.2 Exploaded View

Figure 6.3 Entrance of the Building

Figure 6.4 Courtyard Area

Figure 6.5 Area near Waterbody

Figure 6.6 Entry of the Canteen Area

Figure 6.7 Vegetable Market

Figure 6.8 Mushroom Columns

Figure 6.9 Courtyard Space

Figure 6.10 Seating Space near Vegetable Market

Figure 6.11 Activities under Mushroom columns

Figure 6.12 Courtyard space

6.7 Model Pictures

Figure 6.13 Site Model

Figure 6.14 Building Model

Bibliography

Upadhyay, R. (2017). The India And Evolution Of Bazar. Gehl, B.s. (2013) How To Study, Public Life. Houck, J. P. (N.d.). “Market”: A Definition For Teaching. Www. Archdaily.com Lunch, K. (1960). The Image Of The City. Mit Press. Matthew Carmona, T. H. (2003). Public Places - Urban Spaces. Architectural Press. Sebastian, A. (2015). Sustainable And Healthy Living Market.

Tonkiss, F. (2013). Cities By Design: The Social Life Of Urban Form. Wiley. Wunderlich, F. M. (2013). Place-Temporality And Urban Place-Rhythms In Urban Analysis And Design. Kamarudin, A. M. (N.d.). Discovering The Qualities Of Ferringhi Night Market As An Urban Cultural Space

Gehl, J. (1971). Life Between Buildings. Carmona, M. (N.d.). Public Spaces - Urban Spaces. Aditi Jain, S. A. (N.d.). Indian Markets As Social Spaces. Carmona, M. (N.d.). Public Spaces - Urban Spaces. Spatial Market Integration: Defination, T. A. (N.d.). Upadhyay, R. (N.d.). The Idea And Evolution Of Bazaar. Wunderlich, F. M. (N.d.). Place- Temporality And Urban Place-Rhythms In Urban Analysis And Design. Zakariya, K. (N.d.). Discovering The Qualities Of Ferringhi Night Market As An Urban Cultural Space

Balmores, M. D. (N.d.). An Evaluation Of The New Management In Victoria Public Market In Terms Oflease And Payment Of Stall. Development, P. M. (N.d.). What Is Public Market ?

Figure Table

Figure 1:1 Flowchart of Methodology Source - Author

Figure 1:2 Diagram of Market Activity Source - Author

Figure 2:1 Khanderao Market Source - Author

Figure 2:2 Pol of Mangal Bazar Source - Author

Figure 2:3 Vendors near Khanderao Market Source - Author

Figure 2:4 Diagram of Permanent Market Source - Author

Figure 2:5 Passage of Khanderao Market Source - Author

Figure 2:6 Entrance of Khanderao Market Source - Author

Figure 2:7 Diagram of Ancillary Market Source - Author

Figure 2:8 Diagram of Temporary Market Source - Author

Figure 2:9 Street of Mangal Bazar Source - Author

Figure 2:10 Diagram of Street Vending Source - Author

Figure 2:11 Vendors outside Khanderao Market Source - Author

Figure 2:12 Keyplan of Vadodara highlighting the existing market Source - www.google.co.in/maps

Figure 2:13 Keyplan of Vadodara highlighting the existing market Source - www.google.co.in/maps

Figure 2:14 Categorization of Market typologies Source - Author

Figure 2.15 Vendors in Khanderao Market Source - Author

Figure 2.16 Vendors in Nani Shak Market Source - Author

Figure 2.17 Vendors near Bright School Source - Author

Figure 2.18 Vendors in Khanderao Market Source - Author

Figure 3.1 Site options

Source - Author

Figure 3.2 Site location Source - www.earth.google.com

Figure 3.3 Site location Source - www.earth.google.com

Figure 3.4 Site Source - Author

Figure 3.5 Site Source - Author

Figure 3.6 Site Context Source - Author

Figure 3.7 Site immediate Context Source - Author

Figure 3.8 Site Plan Source - Author

Figure 3.9 View of site having connection with road Source - Author

Figure 3.10 View of site from main road Source - Author

Figure 3.11 View of site from inside Source - Author

Figure 3.12 View of site towards the road side Source - Author

Figure 3.13 View of site from inside Source - Author

Figure 3.14 Overall view of site from angle Source - Author

Figure 3.15 Site views Source - Author

Figure 3.16 Site plan Source - Author

Figure 3.17 Site plan depicts ground figure Source - Author

Figure 3.18 Site plan depicts Road network Source - Author

Figure 3.19 Site plan depicts context Source - Author

Figure 3.20 Site measurements Source - Author

Figure 3.21 Site F.S.I Source - Author

Figure 3.22 Site buildable Area Source - Author

Figure 3.23 Site Vegetation Source - Author

Figure 3.24 Site connection with other areas Source - Author

Figure 4.1 Avadh Shilpgram Source - www.archohm.com

Figure 4.2 Plan and Section of Avadh Shilpgram Source - www.archohm.com

Figure 4.3 Street View of Avadh Shilpgram Source - www.archohm.com

Figure 4.4 Arches of Avadh Shilpgram Source - www.archohm.com

Figure 4.5 Ground Floor Plan Source - www.archohm.com

Figure 4.6 Facade of the building Source - www.archohm.com

Figure 4.7 Landscape of the building Source - www.archohm.com

Figure 4.8 Material palettes of the building Source - www.archohm.com

Figure 4.9 Entrance of the Baltic station Market Source - www.archdaily.com

Figure 4.10 Section Source - www.archdaily.com

Figure 4.11 internal planning for vendors Source - www.archdaily.com

Figure 4.12 external planning of vendors Source - www.archdaily.com

Figure 4.13 Floor Plan Source - www.archdaily.com

Figure 4.14 Percentage of Different areas Source - www.archdaily.com

Figure 4.15 internal layout of vendors Source - www.archdaily.com

Figure 4.16 Connection with Station Source - www.archdaily.com

Figure 4.17 Volume of the Market Source - www.archdaily.com

Figure 4.18 Location of the Market

Source - www.earth.google.com Figure 4.19 Entrance of the Market Source - Author

Figure 4.20 flower market Source - Author

Figure 4.21 Worship Material Market Source - Author

Figure 4.22 Vegetable market Source - Author

Figure 4.23 Grocery market Source - Author

Figure 4.24 Food/Tea spot Source - Author

Figure 4.25 Schematic plan of the Market Source - Author

Figure 4.26 Location of the Road Source - Author

Figure 4.27 Push-cart Vendors Source - Author

Figure 4.28 Road Vendors Source - Author

Figure 4.29 Pavement Vendors Source - Author

Figure 4.30 Road Vendors Source - Author

Figure 4.31 Food stalls Source - Author

Figure 4.32 Tea stalls Source - Author

Figure 4.33 Work Space Source - Author

Figure 4.34 Live Space Source - Author

Figure 4.35 Tempo Vendors Source - Author

Figure 4.36 Site immediate Context Source - Author

Figure 4.37 Illustration of Market Source - Author

Figure 4.38 Elements for a Great Space Source - www.pps.org

Figure 5.1 The black colour grid represent the static aspects of buying and selling. Source - Author

Figure 5.2 The red colour grid above the black colour grid represent the dynamic nature of the market environment.

Source - Author

Figure 5.3 The figure shows that how permanent market space adjust and taken their place within the informal environment.

Source - Author

Figure 5.4 The figure shows that how permanent and temporary market space adjust and taken their place within the informal environment.

Source - Author

Figure 5.5 The figure shows the interaction between the permanent and temporary market space with the informal nature of market environment.

Source - Author

Figure 5.6 static nature of buying and selling

Source - Author

Figure 5.7 The dynamic nature of the market environment.

Source - Author

Figure 5.8 market space adjust and taken their place within the informal environment.

Source - Author

Figure 5.9 Interaction between the permanent and temporary market space. Source - Author

Figure 5.10 Diagram of street within the building Source - Author

Figure 5.11 Public flow within the building Source - Author

Figure 5.11 A Central Principal axis Source - Author

Figure 5.12 Another two minor axis Source - Author

Figure 5.13 A principal axis and two minor axis divided the site in to six parts. Source - Author

Figure 5.14 An intersection point of the principal axis and two minor axis Source - Author

Figure 5.15 The diagram shows the division of the site into two major functions Source - Author

Figure 5.16 The diagram shows the detailed level zoning of the market and public function Source - Author

Figure 5.17 Process basic Layout Source - Author

Figure 5.18 Process Plan option -1 Source - Author

Figure 5.19 Process Plan option -2 Source - Author

Figure 5.20 Process Section Source - Author

Figure 5.21 Process Model option - 1 Source - Author

Figure 5.22 Process Model option - 2 Source - Author

Figure 5.23 Design development Source - Author

Figure 5.24 Design process Source - Author

Figure 6.1 Seating arrangement Source - Author

Figure 6.2 Exploaded View Source - Author

Figure 6.3 Entrance of the Building Source - Author

Figure 6.4 Courtyard Area Source - Author

Figure 6.5 Area near Waterbody Source - Author

Figure 6.6 Entry of the Canteen Area Source - Author

Figure 6.7 Vegetable Market Source - Author

Figure 6.8 Mushroom Columns Source - Author

Figure 6.9 Courtyard Space Source - Author

Figure 6.10 Seating Space near Vegetable Marke Source - Author

Figure 6.11 Activities under Mushroom columns Source - Author

Figure 6.12 Courtyard space Source - Author

Figure 6.13 Site Model Source - Author

Figure 6.14 Building Model Source - Author