Serving Harris, Galveston, Brazoria and Fort Bend Counties
HOUSTON
February Issue 2015
Inside This Issue
The Road to Wiping out Alzheimer’s disease See pg. 8
INDEX Mental Health...............pg.3 Healthy Heart................pg.5 Legal Health..................pg.6 Age Well Live Well........pg.12 The Framework............pg.13
University of Houston Study Links TV Use And Unhealthy Eating See pg. 14
WHAT FUNCTIONS DO MY KIDNEYS PERFORM? By Kashif J. Piracha, MD, FACP, FNKF
Kidney disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Millions of Americans are affected by kidney diseases resulting from a wide variety of causes. As a practicing nephrologist (kidney specialist), I find that a large section of our population has very minimal and basic knowledge about kidney diseases and there is much ignorance about its prevalence. I feel that a large component of it is due to the fact that people don’t know what functions our kidneys perform. Most people know that kidneys remove toxic waste from the blood and excrete it in the urine. That is true, however, there are a multitude of other functions the kidneys perform and today, I am going to try and elaborate upon some of the normal functions of the kidneys. Remember, you cannot understand kidney diseases unless you have a good knowledge about the normal functions kidneys perform. -Removal of waste products from the body: Kidneys filter blood to produce urine. The major toxic substance removed by the kidneys is urea. Urea is an end product of protein metabolism. When kidneys stop working and the amount of urea rises in the blood, it leads to complications including inflammation
of the lining of the heart and alteration pressure control. It is the responsibility of in the mental status. the kidney to produce specific hormones that regulate our body’s blood pressure. -Regulation of fluid balance: If An example of such a hormone is it had not been for our kidneys, we aldosterone produced by the adrenal would drown in the fluids we drink. It glands that lie on top of both kidneys. is a common observation that drinking more water leads to greater amounts of -Regulation of red blood cell urine production which is very dilute production: Kidneys are responsible whereas when we are dehydrated, for producing a hormone called the urine produced is very meager in erythropoietin that acts on red blood amount and very concentrated. There is cell precursors in the bone marrow to a specific hormone in the kidney that is stimulate the production of red blood responsible for assessing the fluid status cells. When people develop chronic of the body and alter the amount of urine kidney disease, the production of produced to keep the body fluid balance erythropoietin declines resulting in at an optimum level. This hormone is a reduced number of red blood cells called anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). in the blood. This condition is called -Regulate electrolytes including anemia. The symptoms of anemia sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium include shortness of breath, weakness, and phosphorus: Kidneys control the fatigue and lethargy. blood levels of electrolytes mentioned -Production of active form of above. Each electrolyte has a specific Vitamin D: Vitamin D has several function and their tight regulation essential functions in the body and its is important to avoid dangerous most important function is development complications. For example, a very low of healthy bones. Vitamin D is ingested sodium level can cause seizures and in diet or produced in the skin from coma. A very high potassium level can cause the heart to stop while a very low the ultraviolet rays of the sun. It travels potassium level can cause muscles to to the liver to produce an intermediate form which then travels to the kidneys become paralyzed. to produce the active form that is -Control of blood pressure: Kidney responsible for exerting its physiological is the most important organ in blood see Kidneys page 16
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