Education
INTERPRETERS’
BRAIN HEALTH:
COACH’S CORNER
Jackie Gonzalez
FOOD FOR THOUGHT: TERMS MATTER
Stephen Fitzmaurice
OUR TEAM
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
President | Dr. Jesús Rēmigiō, PsyD, MBA, CDI
Vice President | Shonna Magee, MRC, CI & CT, NIC Master, OTC
Secretary | Andrea K Smith, MA, CI & CT, NIC, SC:L
Treasurer | Kate O’Regan, MA, NIC
Member-at-Large | Mona Mehrpour, NIC
Deaf Member-at-Large | Glenna Cooper
Region I Representative | Christina Stevens, NIC
Region II Representative | M. Antwan Campbell, MPA, Ed:K-12
Region III Representative | Vacant
Region IV Representative | Jessica Eubank, NIC
Region V Representative | Rachel Kleist, CDI
HEADQUARTERS STAFF
Chief Executive Officer | Star Grieser, MS, CDI, ICE-CCP
Executive Assistant and Meeting Planner | Julie Greenfield
Director of Member Services | Ryan Butts
Member Services Manager | Kayla Marshall, M.Ed., NIC
Member Services Specialist | Vicky Whitty
CMP Manager | Ashley Holladay
CMP Specialist | Emily Stairs Abenchuchan, NIC
Certification Manager | Catie Colamonico
Certification Specialist | Jess Kaady
Communications Director | S. Jordan Wright, PhD
Communications Manager | Jenelle Bloom
Publications Coordinator | Brooke Roberts
EPS Manager | Tressela Bateson, MA
EPS Specialist | Martha Wolcott
Director of Government Affairs | Neal Tucker
Director of Finance and Accounting | Jennifer Apple
Finance and Accounting Manager | Kristyne Reeds
Staff Accountant | Bradley Johnson
Human Resources Manager | Cassie Robles Sol
Affiliate Chapter Liaison | Dr. Carolyn Ball, CI & CT, NIC
CASLI Director of Testing | Sean Furman
CASLI Testing Manager | Amie Smith Santiago, MS, NIC
CASLI Testing Specalist | Melissa Kononenko
PRESIDENT’S REPORT
TURNING CHALLENGES INTO OPPORTUNITIES
Dr. Jesús Rēmigiō | RID President PsyD, MBA, CDI
Hello RID community! My name is Dr. Jesús Rēmigiō and I am thrilled to be your new board president. As I settle into the role and learn more about the various duties and responsibilities, I am honored to be in a position of service as we work to advance the interpreting profession together.
I believe in our interpreters, both Deaf and hearing, who are committed to providing the best access for everyone. My goal is to better understand the current trends of our interpreting field so I can best support you, our members. As we face new technology, such as AI, it brings both feelings of excitement and questions of concern. Should we all be afraid of losing our jobs because of AI’s looming threat? Do we have tools to “combat” AI? Can we evolve our profession into something even better with the use of AI’s technology? I do not know yet. What I do know is that while AI may be new to us, the cycle of change is familiar. We will, as we have many times before, have to learn how to adapt to this new technology and leverage it to advance our field. My favorite quote is, “Challenges become opportunities.” I believe every time we face challenges and uncertainty in life, professionally and personally, we can turn those challenges into opportunities. When we take personal accountability and collective action, we can turn each challenge into an opportunity for improvement within our community.
As I encourage you to take each challenge
as an opportunity, I am committed to doing the same. This issue of VIEWS explores the theme of education, a broad topic with a diverse array of intersecting facets to the field of interpreting. Our recent survey results show a large percentage of participants chose ITPs as a top priority needing attention. Our research team will dive deeper into this topic, among many others, as we work to develop a snapshot of the current state of interpreting. As this project has developed, some big questions have come up. How do we improve the quality of education interpreters receive? How can RID lead the way in collaborating with other organizations in our field? Are current systems working to serve our members and consumers operating effectively? Can we leverage mentors and Affiliate Chapters to increase support to our local communities? What do we need to do, and how do we ensure the work we accomplish is effective and sustainable?
While our research continues, I encourage you to connect with me directly as well to share your thoughts and ideas on how we can improve. What challenge are you facing? What challenges have you turned into opportunities? Reach out to me! I want to connect with you and tackle these challenges together. I look forward to serving as your president and working with you to continue to advance our mission to foster the growth of the profession and the professional growth of interpreting.
VICE PRESIDENT’S WELCOME
Shonna Magee | RID Vice President MRC, CI & CT, NIC Master, OTC
Greetings from the sunshine state! It is an honor to share my first report as Vice President of the Board of Directors for the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf. Though I have been in this role for less than three months, I am proud of the strides we have already made together. Below are some highlights of my activities and contributions during this initial period.
1. Onboarding and Training
I began my term with an onboarding meeting with CEO Star Grieser, followed by an intensive, four-day Board retreat in October. These sessions were invaluable in equipping me with the knowledge and tools necessary to serve effectively in this role. Additional onboarding training during the retreat further deepened my understanding of the responsibilities and opportunities ahead.
2. Regional Outreach and Recruitment
Recognizing the importance of strong regional representation, I began outreach efforts to colleagues in Region 3 to recruit a qualified and dedicated individual for the Region 3 Representative board position. Efforts are still underway, but building these connections is critical to ensuring our members have strong advocates in every region.
3. Member Support
In these first few months, I have actively assisted members who have reached out to me. Whether addressing concerns, answering questions, or providing guidance, I am committed to being a resource and advocate for our membership.
4. Fundraising for the 2025 RID Conference
Major fundraising efforts are underway for the 2025 RID conference. One of my contributions to this effort has been sending 61 sponsorship packets to businesses and organizations. These efforts aim to secure the necessary funding to make the conference
a resounding success. I hope to see many of you there!
5. Promoting the Survey Project
To ensure our members’ opinions are expressed, I have shared the new survey project led by Dr. Wright across various social media groups. This project is an essential tool in gathering insights to guide our work and decision-making.
6. Behind-the-Scenes Responsibilities
As Vice President, I have embraced the behind-the-scenes responsibilities that come with this role. This includes working closely with consultants, supporting operational needs, and collaborating on strategic initiatives that keep our organization moving forward.
7. Community Engagement and Leadership Support
I have been actively fostering connections with community leaders to strengthen relationships and enhance RID’s presence and impact. Additionally, I have worked closely with President Jesús Rēmigiō and other RID board members, providing support and collaboration to ensure the success of our collective efforts.
I am deeply grateful for the trust you have placed in me to serve as Vice President. These initial months have been both productive and inspiring, and I am excited about the work ahead. Together, we will continue to strengthen RID, advance our mission, and support the interpreting community and consumers we serve.
Thank you for your continued dedication and support, the work you do in your own communities, and the support you have shown me. Please feel free to reach out to me with any questions or feedback—I look forward to learning from you.
Region II Report
M. Antwan Campbell, MPA, Ed:K-12
Region II Representative
Region 2 is still in recovery mode from the two devastating hurricanes that hit us this fall. Within weeks Hurricane Helene and Milton tour through our region affecting several Affiliate Chapters and lives within Region 2. While the news cameras have gone many lives have been impacted and forever changed. We continue to be mindful of all those that have been affected from these two horrendous storms and our prayers go out to each and every one of you!
Learn more & connect with us!
RID’s purpose is to serve equally our members, profession, and the public by promoting and advocating for qualified and effective interpreters in all spaces where intersectional diverse Deaf lives are impacted.
DIVERSITY STATEMENT
RID understands the necessity of multicultural awareness and sensitivity. Therefore, as an organization, we are committed to diversity both within the organization and within the profession of sign language interpreting.
Our commitment to diversity reflects and stems from our understanding of present and future needs of both our organization and the profession. We recognize that in order to provide the best service as the national certifying body among signed and spoken language interpreters, we must draw from the widest variety of society with regards to diversity in order to provide support, equality of treatment, and respect among interpreters within the RID organization.
Therefore, RID defines diversity as differences which are appreciated, sought, and shaped in the form of the following categories: gender identity or expression, racial identity, religious affiliation, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, Deaf or hard of hearing status, disability status, age, geographic locale (rural vs. urban), sign language interpreting experience, certification status and level, and language bases (e.g., those who are native to or have acquired ASL and English, those who utilize a signed system, among those using spoken or signed languages) within both the profession of sign language interpreting and the RID organization.
To that end, we strive for diversity in every area of RID and its Headquarters. We know that the differences that exist among people represent a 21st century population and provide for innumerable resources within the sign language interpreting field.
Who We Are Our Mission
RID is the national certifying body of sign language interpreters and is a professional organization that fosters the growth of the profession and the professional growth of interpreting.
Our Vision
We envision qualified interpreters as partners in universal communication access and forward-thinking, effective communication solutions while honoring intersectional diverse spaces.
Our Values
The values statement encompasses what values are at the “heart” or center of our work. RID values:
• the intersectionality and diversity of the communities we serve
• Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Accessibility and Belonging (DEIAB)
• the professional contribution of volunteer leadership
• the adaptability, advancement and relevance of the interpreting profession
• ethical practices in the field of sign language interpreting, and embraces the principle of “do no harm”
• advocacy for the right to accessible, effective communication
Member Section Updates
Mona Mehrpour, NIC Member-at-Large
Member-At-Large
What’s up, RID Views? Salaam, Greetings, and a BIG HELLO!
My name is Mona, and I am your current Member-At-Large. This update has been a long time coming! Writing isn’t my strongest skill—I tend to overthink grammar and ramble, especially as someone who’s multilingual. I’ve got exciting updates to share about my journey with RID, the amazing work we’ve been doing, and what’s ahead so buckle up, butter cup—this might be a ride! Ready?
I have been rocking with RID since summer of 2019. I had NO idea what I was getting myself into but Kelly Decker invited me to learn about Deaf Parented Interpreters (DPI) and I soon discovered who was involved with RID. For me, they were familiar faces such as Jethro Griffin, Janina Witteborg, Steve Smith, Brent Tracy, Jeffrey Palmer, Marie Alford, Wanette Reynolds, Yakata Nichols and many others. I had just graduated from an interpreting program so it was a good transition to learn more about why we do what we do and what it means to be qualified and become certified. It is not easy to understand but I think I am finally beginning to understand. It took some time… 15 years to be exact but I know I am not done learning. I invite you all to learn with me. RID has faced challenges, but its purpose remains invaluable. It keeps us accountable as facilitators of language. While the standards may sometimes feel unclear, we work together to find solutions. Admittedly, that process is a lot to follow especially with the trauma that comes with RID but it is nothing without us and nothing without us means our parents, our children, our siblings, our grandparents, our friends, our neighbors,
our colleagues and the communities are without access to what is happening around us. Maybe one day we can get to a world without the need of interpreters because we’ve unlocked the world of utopia that is 100% accessible to what is happening. Until then, I will be here doing what I love, which is share the connection between the worlds I am a part of.
In July 2023, RID sponsored DPI Council and 4 members to attend their national conference. This opportunity was the first for many of us, including myself. Let me share, It was a game changer. I saw many things that highlighted the history and the future potential of the organization. I met with many old faces, acquainted myself with new ones, and the most interesting one of all, is meeting the folks you feel like you have known for ages but only in a digital world. I met so many wonderful people who have been continuing to pave the road of effective accessibility. My heart fluttered with joy to experience a great conference. I was honored to have presented for the first time to a live audience, let alone, at RID with my amazing colleagues Sarah Wheeler, Ardavan Guity, and Siavosh Heyadati. The DPI Council had a great turnout at their business meeting, Brent Tracy facilitated a successful panel hosted by DPI Council, and hosting a happy hour with Deaf Caucus. We had a great time. We are looking forward to seeing you at conference next year in Minneapolis. It is going to be a great time!
This past summer, I had the opportunity to attend Coda International in San Diego, California. There, I was able to work with our amazing council of Deaf Parented Interpreter Member Section that consisted of DPI’s Chair- Letty
Moran, DPI’s Treasurer- Amy McDonald, DPI’s Region III Representative- Wanda Krieger, and DPI’s Outreach Coordinator- Crescenciano Garcia. It was there that we were able to host two spaces for us to meet and greet where we were able to share yummy food and appetizers, thanks to Jewel Jauregui with Interpreter-Now and Kate O’Regan with KEO Solutions. We were able to supply lunch for DPI members, and small bites and appetizers to the deaf and interpreting community in the surrounding area. It was a great turn out! We were able exchanged knowledge and curiosity, meet codas looking to become interpreters, interpreters wanting to become certified, deaf members and interpreters who shared their stories, experiences, concerns and questions about RID. This illuminated so much for the council and I though certainly, we do not have all the answers but something that we do have is the motivation to steer RID to a healthier place and continue to run as the professional institution that it originally was intended for.
Id like to leave you with My Final Thoughts before wrapping up this article. There is a lot to be learned but the work we do is amongst of Friends, Colleagues, shared community members, family members that deserves to have that utopia of connecting with society, with each other, throughout the world. I invite you to unlock that utopia and contribute the change we have the ability. See you all soon. Maybe at a business meeting? A member section meeting? Townhall? Your local Affiliate Chapter? RID’s National Conference? Many way to meet. Big smile. Connect soon.
Crescenciano Garcia Outreach Coordinator,DPI
Deaf-Parented Interpreters (DPI)
My name is Crescenciano Garcia, I currently serve as the Outreach Coordinator for DPI. Monaasked me to share a quick update of my experience at DPI’s events at the CODA conference earlier this year. Where do I start? I’ve been an interpreter for many years, for most of that time I have felt alone. Alone, in navigating this field. Looking back, I remember wishing I had support or a community.
Well, thank you DPI for finally giving me that experience. I was able to meet Mona, Wanda, Letty, and Amy in person after working with them online for a few years. Recently, at the CODA conference in 2024 we came together to share information about the Laurie Nash Scholarship, LNS, which is a grant for DPI’s seeking to take the CASLI Knowledge or Performance exam, in pursuit of RID certification. I met several potential future interpreters and encouraged them to apply for the grant.
DPI also hosted a meet and greet in the community near San Diego CA, there were so many Deaf and CODA guests, and hearing visitors that I was not able to meet them all. I was inspired by the many I did meet and realized that if we all come together, we can provide meaningful insights and support RID in advocating for qualified and effective interpreters in all spaces where intersectional diverse Deaf lives are impacted. Reflecting on that memory gives me goosebumps, I thought I was alone, but I met many folks similar to me!
If you are an interpreter Deaf, CODA or hearing, I invite you to join our member section. Stop working alone, come let’s work together to improve the interpreting experience for our deaf relatives! Thank you.
CEO’S REPORT
Star Grieser | RID CEO MA, CDI, ICE-CCP
As we wrap up another year and pause a bit to not only reflect on some new developments within our organization but also contemplate our ongoing efforts, RID is in constant movement forward towards strengthening the organization and advancing the profession to better serve interpreters and the communities we work alongside.
After two years on the market, RID’s Headquarters Building, located in the historic Old Town area of Alexandria, Virginia, has been sold! The process of moving has certainly proven to be an educational one as the building held 60 years worth of RID documents - founding documents, photos, board meeting minutes, committee reports, proposals, publications, member and certification records, and so much much more!
There was an estimated number of over one million documents saved in our building. While we wish we had the luxury of time to review each one individually, we did have the opportunity to go through quite a bit and glean invaluable insight into our institutional history and culture, causing us to ponder where we are today and where we want to take RID going forward. RID’s physical address has moved to a smaller private office space in Arlington, VA, not far from Alexandria. In the meantime, we will be digitizing all our archived documents and organizing them in cloud storage so that they are accessible by our board members, volunteer leaders and staff from remote locations. Truly, we are entering a new era for our organization.
In packing up the building, one of the most fascinating things I came across was some interpreting industry reports from a few decades ago - the 80s, the 90s, and the aughts*I love this word Granted, not everything was well-organized so I am sure there were more industry reports in the years since but, to my knowledge, I do not believe there has been a national ASL Interpreting Industry Report in about 10 years or so, since Cathy Cogen’s and Dennis Cokely’s NCIEC Trends Report. While the ASL interpreting industry is constantly evolving, staying informed is critical for professionals to identify trends, glean a snapshot of our current status - where we are now - and use this information for foresight into future trends within our profession. These reports are vital resources for members that provide a wealth of education and insights that empower them to excel in their careers and serve their communities effectively.
That said, we released our ASL Interpreting Industry Survey a few weeks ago on November 8th and since then have collected over 1,300 completed surveys; well on our way to hitting our goal of 3,000 by March of 2025. We have also already begun conducting a series of focus groups that dive deeper into specialty areas of interpreting such as K-12 (educational) interpreting, medical interpreting, legal interpreting, interpreters who are BIPOC, Certified Deaf Interpreter (CDIs) experiences, Video Relay Service (VRS) interpreting, Video Remote Interpreting (VRI) Interpreters, and DeafBlind interpreting. While RID is driving this survey, it is by no means limited to only RID members - we are hoping to also capture data from nonmembers, non certified interpreters or interpreters with credentials other than RIDs - as knowledge is power and the more data points we have across the field, the more beneficial this information will be for all of us. Please, spread the
word and the link to the survey!
We are looking forward to releasing some of this information from our surveys and focus groups next summer, coinciding with our National Biennial Conference in Minneapolis, Minnesota on July 31st to August 3rd, 2025! We are very excited about the conference as, first of all, the Minnesota interpreting community has been fantastic in organizing local support for our conference and planning highlights of all the best that Minnesota has to offer for our attendees! We are also planning morning plenaries of “community café” style talks and discussions. It is no secret that our organization and our profession is facing some very real challenges - we always have faced challenges - but to address and navigate those challenges requires making space, holding conversations, and forging meaningful connections that bring diverse perspectives to the table. It is through these honest, collaborative discussions that we can identify solutions, strengthen our community, and continue to grow as an organization and a profession. Our plan is also to publish the conference proceedings so we have a reference of the conversations we hold.
RID is committed to participating in these discussions, not only on the homefront, but with our allies, as well! Recently our Board President, Dr. Jesus Remigio and I held such conversations at the recent Conference of Interpreter Trainers (CIT) in Berkeley, California. While we shared our vision for RID, we also opened up conversations with CIT members about the feasibility of more inter-organizational collaboration with the development of educational resources through our RID Press. We held discussions regarding the need for interpreter agency accreditation, and fielded inquiries regarding the ongoing need for legal interpreting certification, among many topics. It was a great opportunity to connect with experts for potential collaborations for those publications, accreditation initiatives, and development of advocacy and educational resources.
At RID, we are dedicated to encouraging and facilitating these conversations and, for the ones that are feasible, ensuring that they lead to actionable steps. Whether through educational initiatives, professional development opportunities, or policy updates, we are focused on addressing the challenges head-on with transparency and purpose. Together, we can navigate these obstacles and shape a stronger, more inclusive future for all our members and the communities we serve.
2025 RID NATIONAL CONFERENCE: EN AVANT! ONWARD!
RID Conference Committee
Signed by CEO Grieser
We are truly excited about our upcoming 2025 National Conference which will take place from July 31 to August 3, 2025 at the Hyatt Regency on the historic Nicollet Mall in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This transformative experience and vibrant meeting of minds, passion, and purpose will bring together change makers from across the country, and even the globe, to advance our mission and inspire collective action.
Here’s some of what you can look forward to at the 2025 National Conference:
“En Avant” Sessions
This year, we are introducing the “En Avant” sessions, where we will sit down together to take a critical look at the interpreting profession and our organization. Experienced facilitators will guide conversations to help us acknowledge our challenges, identify areas for growth, develop actionable solutions, and prepare for progress!
Sessions
Get ready for an exciting and impactful experience at the conference, where a diverse array of sessions will inspire, challenge, and empower you! Whether you’re interested in team interpreting, ethical dilemmas, law enforcement interpreting, neurodivergence, artificial intelligence, or new approaches in educational and religious interpreting, our sessions will offer something for everyone. RID CEUs will be available!
Exhibit Hall
Explore our exhibition hall filled with organizations who serve the Deaf community and interpreting field. Connect with potential new employers, and support the Deaf ecosystem by shopping from Deaf owned businesses. This year we are adding a new “Spotlight Demo” stage which will allow participating organizations to showcase their latest innovations and products. This is your chance to get hands-on experience with emerging technologies that can
revolutionize your business operations.
Poster Sessions
Back by popular demand, we are thrilled to spotlight new and cutting edge research in our poster sessions! These sessions provide a unique opportunity to engage with the latest findings, explore new trends, and deepen your understanding of key issues in the field. Poster sessions offer a chance to interact with scholars and professionals, ask questions, and discover valuable insights that can enhance your practice.
Panel Discussions with Industry Experts
Join thought leaders as they engage in riveting discussions on the most pressing challenges and opportunities in their respective fields of expertise. Participants will have the chance to ask questions and share their insights in these interactive sessions.
Networking Opportunities
Expand your network as you mix and mingle with our anticipated 800+ attendees from various organizations around the globe. The 2025 RID National Conference is the perfect opportunity to meet like-minded professionals, potential partners, industry leaders, advocates for Deaf and interpreting communities, as well as emerging voices and experts from diverse fields. Network after Sessions, in our dynamic Exhibit Hall, or at our Gala (celebrating 60 years of RID!) to advance your career through meaningful connections.
Cultural Experiences in Minneapolis
Beyond the conference, enjoy everything Minneapolis has to offer! From world-class museums, deaf-designed architecture and history, to exceptional cuisine and theatres, take some time to explore the “city of lakes” and connect with fellow attendees in a more relaxed environment.
Don’t miss out on this incredible opportunity to learn, connect, and thrive in a dynamic environment. Visit our website and follow us on social media to stay up to date on conference registration, sessions, and more!
Thank You To
We extend our heartfelt gratitude to our donors for their generous contributions Your support empowers our mission to promote excellence in interpreting opportunities. Together, we are fostering a more inclusive and accessible
Region I
Donations to RID
Cheryl Allen, MA
Margaret Arnold, NY
Robbie Berry, NJ
Cynthia Blankis, NY
Kevin Bratholt, NY
Marianne Brown, NY
Tricia Cahill, MA
Josephine Durkow, NJ
Kristen Fitzgerald, PA
Alice Friends, WV
James Howsare, PA
David Krueger, VT
Pat McCullough, NY
David Robb, PA
Cara Schwartz, MA
Lynda Sennott, MA
Fred Way, PA
Donations to an RID Member Section
Mary Bacheller, NY
Ayobami Crawford, PA
Wendy Putzulu, WV
Donations to an RID Scholarship
Sean Furman, NY
Debbie Olsen, NJ
Christina Stevens, CT
Legacy Bequest – In Memoriam
Donations
Lewis Merkin, NY
Region II
Donations to RID
Jennifer Apple, VA
Carolyn Boykins, DC
Thomas Bull, MD
Grace E Bullen, NC
Milton Antwan Campbell, NC
Bradley Christlieb, MD
Emily Dittmer, DC
Ruth Dubin, GA
Alice Fasig, FL
Lula Hammonds, MD
Tiffany Pimpinella, FL
Nichelle Wilson, GA
Donations to an RID Member Section
Applied Development LLC, MD
Sonya Charisse Balenton, DC
Ritchie Bryant MD
Thomas Bull, MD
Anna Haines-Smith, FL
Sally Lunde, DC
Zackary Raposo, MD
Neerja Vasishta, MD
Triforce Impact, MD
Donations to an RID Scholarship
Richard Brumberg, GA
Thomas Bull, MD
Emily Dittmer, DC
Shonna Magee, FL
Kate O’Regan, MD
Kristyne Reeds, DC
Miako Villanueva, MD
Region
III
Donations to Laura Becker, MN
Maria DeLuca, Leslie Jendusa
Victoria Evans, Dawn Koplitz, Dorothy Mulvahill, Bethany Volchko,
Donations to Section
Natalie Vogel, MI
Donations to Scholarship
Victoria Napoles,
With
Thank You for to RID’s Scholarships
To Our Donors
contributions to RID, our member sections, and the RID scholarship funds. interpreting and ensures that aspiring interpreters have access to vital resources and accessible world. Thank you for being an invaluable part of our community!
RID
MN OH
DeMeyer, WI
Evans, MI WI
Mulvahill, MI
Volchko, IL
an RID Member
MI an RID
Napoles, IL
Region IV
Donations to RID
Karen Blank, NE
Diana Emerson, OK
Jessica Eubank, NM
Phillip Floyd, SD
Reynaldo Martinez, CO
Dawn M. Rathbun, TX
Katherine Rickers, CO
Candice Shannon, KS
Jane Sutcliffe, IA
Neal Tucker, CO
Donations to an RID Member Section
Michelle Hoagland, CO
Ashley West, OK
Donations to an RID Scholarship
Neal Tucker, CO
With your help, our Giving Tuesday fundraiser was a success!
for Supporting Giving Tuesday! Your contributions went Scholarships and Awards Program, as well as a contribution to the nonprofit, HEARD.
Continue to support RID’s work with a tax-deductible donation here!
Region V
Donations to RID
Kimberly Anderson, WA
Amy Davitian, CA
Janessa Devine, CA
Lori DiRoberto, AZ
Teresa Donaldson, UT
Maureen Fitzgerald, CA
Beth G. Gregorich, CA
Astrid Hagen, CA
Kim Harris, CA
Christine Hearn-Cotrufo, CA
Cynthia Herbst, CA
Patricia Lessard, CA
Robert LoParo, CA
Paola Morales, CA
Mala Poe, CA
Bryon Rowe, AZ
Suzanne Sattergren, CA
Kathleen Schoenberg, CA
Carol E. Smith, CA
Donations to an RID Member Section
Elise Klein, CA
Robert LoParo, CA
Angeline Melendres, CA
Interpreter-Now, CA
Margie Rodgers, CA
Donations to an RID Scholarship
Caroline Preston Bass, UT
Nevada RID, NV
INTERPRETERS’ BRAIN HEALTH: COACH’S CORNER
Jackie Gonzalez (née Emmart) MS, NIC-A, CF-L2, NBC-HWC
Formerly an ASL interpreter of Boston, MA, Jackie now lives in Hawai’i and hops out of bed each morning eager to support her health coaching clients in taking small, realistic, and attainable steps toward their optimal cognitive and overall well-being. She originally founded High Five Health in 2017 as a pop-up project to support Bostonarea Deaf and DeafBlind youth in improving their access to health care. In 2024, she rebranded the organization to High Five Health Coaching & Education, a bilingual resource for those who are ready to take charge of their health little-by-little, to benefit their short- and long-term well-being. You can check it out at www.highfivehealth. info and find Jackie on Instagram, where she posts about optimizing our brain health in ASL and English, at @ hi.coach.jackie.
In 2018, my mom was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer’s Disease at just 61 years old. Several months ago, her neurologist informed us that she entered the final stages of the disease, and she now lives in a nursing home. With the help of a full-time aide and hospice care, she receives the love and companionship that she deserves and needs. Her spirit is actually still quite bubbly and though it is all word salad these days, she joyfully engages with those around her. Recently, when I called for my daily update, the nurse told me that my mom wore her sunglasses indoors all day and giggled when asked if she had been partying the night before.
Six years ago though, when the symptoms of her disease became apparent and she waved the white flag asking me for help, I did what we interpreters do every day: I looked for meaning. Why was she struggling with her memory? What were the contributing factors? Was this some predetermined genetic condition? What did this onset of symptoms mean for her then and how would it impact her future?
As I combed every book, article, and report I could get my hands on, what I found surprised me. It turned out that her disease was likely preventable. Had her lifestyle looked different over the years, her current situation might look much different. For example, if she regularly made other choices regarding sleep, stress management, cognitive stimulation, social connections, her eating and drinking habits, and how much and in what ways she moved her body, she might not be living in a nursing home right now. Instead of being followed by hospice, she might have been following her dream of stargazing at the Grand Canyon.
We will never know. What I do know, however, is that dementia is actually a disease not of our golden years, but of our midlife. The symptoms we see manifest in our 60s, 70s, and beyond are often the results of choices we regularly made starting 20+ years prior. I also know two crucial truths: first, regardless of your current health, there are steps you can take to drastically reduce your risk of dementia and enhance cognitive clarity. Second, you are worth the effort it will take to change your present for a
We all know that interpreting is a challenging cognitive task, and I understand that is an understatement. Researchers out of Zürich humbly acknowledge that “...simultaneous translation [is] among the most demanding language task [sic] involving both linguistic and executive functions” (Klein, 2018, p.1). Some of us might feel like interpreting is even harder now, with all the technological demands as compared to “back in the day” when we went from job to job, all in the land of 3D. Still, I remember when I started twenty years ago, I got headaches after working all day. Then, in 2020 when almost all of my interpreting work moved to the 2D virtual space, I started getting those headaches again. I chalked it up to building screen stamina, especially with the Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Chat, WhatsApp, Whereby, Google Docs, Slack, FaceTime, and Whova fatigue setting in. Fortunately that seemed to be the case and each instance of screen fatigue faded with time and practice. And there is also over a decade of research from the University of Geneva Brain and Language Lab that gives credence to having felt that way.
If I asked you which region(s) of the brain were involved in interpreting, I imagine you might say Broca’s area, because of its role in language production and working memory. You would be right, though it does not stop there. Broca’s area is also connected to other regions that support language comprehension and production, and when we actively interpret, there is significant interaction between Broca’s area and those nearby regions (Watts, 2014). In fact, many brain regions are involved in interpretation, and their connections create a complex network that requires rapid and impeccable communication. To geek out for a minute, the caudate nucleus and more so the putamen–known for their roles in complex tasks like learning and movement, decision making and trust–are also key to the coordination of the brain regions involved in simultaneous interpreting. However, the caudate is less active as our interpreting skills improve (Watts, 2014). But, wait, there is more. One study found that when spoken language interpreters went from their
L1 to their L2 (which they rarely did), they engaged two extra brain areas: “the left inferior temporal lobe, which is related to word-finding and semantic processing, and the cerebellum” (Hervais-Adelman, 2020, p.1) which is involved in storing and refining actions. It is not just about myriad areas coming online to perform the task, as measurable changes have been observed in the brain’s structure.
Interpreting actually shapes our brains! A 2017 study of cortical thickness from international collaborators noted, across both hemispheres, changes in several brain regions of their interpreter participants. Increases were seen in the left perisylvian areas linked to speech processing, which are known to be involved in spoken language interpretation. Of note, however, were the changes in the right hemisphere, observed in areas not even specifically associated with interpretation. This suggests that an even wider network is engaged in developing skills in simultaneous interpretation (Hervais-Adelman, 2017). And lest we think that interpretation only has an impact when we are actively working, research from the University of Zürich showed that there is an increase in neural communication in an interpreter’s brain even when they are at rest (Klein, 2018). All this is to say: we really do need to care for our entire brain if we are to succeed in this profession, and in life, for that matter.
Reflecting on my 20-year interpreting career and modifiable risk factors impacting brain health, I recognize the irony: my brain’s current state was influenced by my habits–good and bad–that also started two decades ago. Just as its state 20 years from now will be shaped by the sum of daily choices I make until then. This twenty-year window in brain health means that by the time we see symptoms of dementia in our loved ones or ourselves, we are way downstream from the onset of chronic stressors. The brain is resilient so it fights hard to restore its balance and also, just like every other organ in our body, when it is not given what it needs and it is attacked for a period of time (e.g., decades), it tires of the fight and it, too, waves a white flag.
As of 2024, that white flag for an estimated 6.9 million Americans age 65 and older, who are now living with the disease, came in the form of Alzheimer’s dementia (Alzheimer’s Association, 2024). Alzheimer’s is the brain’s response to prolonged exposure to harmful factors, and is much like what we see with the pancreas when it is overworked for a period of time, which readers may be more familiar with considering its prevalence. When we chronically abuse our pancreas, we see an onset of insulin resistance that can lead to pre-diabetes, as is the case for over 46% of adults in the United States (Martin, 2024). Without any lifestyle modifications, pre-diabetes can become full blown Type 2 diabetes. By the time Type 2 diabetes develops, we have already been asking too much of our pancreas for too long, and understandably, it is worn out from the constant peaks and valleys of blood sugar and insulin dysregulation.
Chronic attacks on the brain are mostly modifiable. Some of the more common examples fall within the following patterns: inconsistent and insufficient sleep, insufficient daily movement, lack of purpose and community, suboptimal intake of nutrients, and an imbalance of eustress and distress in favor of the latter. Additional attacks include hormone dysregulation, carrying excess weight, toxic exposures, eating to excess, maintaining harmful relationships, metabolic syndrome, insufficient oxygenation of the brain, untreated pathogens and infections, lack of varied and challenging cognitive stimulation, and social isolation (Gupta & Loberg, 2021). When you read this list, if any of these factors resonate with you, you can start your path toward optimizing your brain health by addressing that chronic attack first.
It all comes down to cognitive reserve, which is a measure of your brain’s resilience. This is your brain’s ability to respond to threat and harmful exposures as it ages, and to re-establish optimal function when there are setbacks. Brain health is akin to those teachers who give you an A to start the semester and then you decide what grade you end up with, based on the choices you make through the term. Most of us start our lives with an A+ brain. The “grade” we get in adulthood is determined by our daily
habits throughout life. This does not mean we cannot turn in some homework late and maybe even flunk a quiz or two. It does, however, mean that we must consistently control the controllables and do everything in our power (which is quite a lot) to rebuild and nurture our A+ brains.
There are countless ways to give your brain an optimal environment in which to thrive. On a personal level, the return on this investment will look different for everyone. Professionally, taking care of our brains means that we will be able to more meaningfully prepare for our assignments. It means we can effectively collaborate with our teams and bring our best selves to each job. When at our best, we can properly represent the individuals with whom we work and give them the quality services they so deserve. There is no “one thing” to improve and no magic supplement to take, much like there is no one region dedicated to interpreting. Optimizing brain health involves five interconnected pillars of regular and modifiable behaviors. These are fostering meaningful social connections, increasing eustress and decreasing distress (both in the body and in the mind), anaerobic and aerobic movement, ensuring quality and sufficient sleep, and maintaining a nutritious diet. Every day, every hour, and every minute are opportunities to demonstrate whether you want to increase or decrease your risks for developing dementia. While you may be unaware of the harm caused by your daily choices in the short-term, in 20+ years, the truth will be apparent. Given the countless steps you can take to dramatically reduce the risk of cognitive decline, why leave to chance what you have the power to change? Start now, and little-by-little you will strengthen your vitality and your satisfaction in both personal and professional realms. For the love of your brain! #highfivehealth #fortheloveofyourbrain
Brain Health Resources
High Five Health Coaching & Education
A bilingual (ASL & English) resource for people who are ready to take charge of their health and improve their cognitive and overall well-being for the long run. You will find an introductory course on optimizing your brain health, many health-related resources to explore, and personalized health coaching available for you one-on-one, in small groups, and for organizations who hire Deaf and ASL-fluent employees. Mention this VIEWS article for 10% off a threemonth one-on-one health coaching package.
Preserving the Etchings of the Mind: Aging, Dementia, and Hearing Loss
By Dr. Jaime A.B. Wilson
Dr. Wilson, a Deaf neuropsychologist, provides a unique perspective on dementia prevention, highlighting how deafness and hearing loss may increase dementia risk. His relatable writing, filled with metaphors and stories, clarifies these topics. This book is essential for anyone interested in dementia, and may be especially valuable for the Deaf community and those experiencing midlife hearing loss.
Keep Sharp
By Dr. Sanjay Gupta
If you are just starting out on your journey toward optimal long-term brain health, Dr. Gupta is your guy. His writing is not overly technical, making this essential information accessible to a wider audience and an excellent intro to all things brain health.
References
Alzheimer’s Association. (2024). Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimers Dement 2024. https://www.alz.org/media/ Documents/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf
Gupta, S., & Loberg, K. (2021). Keep sharp: build a better brain at any age. First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition. New York, NY, Simon & Schuster.
Hervais-Adelman, A., Moser-Mercer, B., Golestani, N. (2020, January 8). The neuro science of simultaneous interpretation. Inter national Association of Conference Interpreters. https://www.academia.edu/19573817/ The_Neuroscience_of_Simultaneous_Inter pretation
Hervais-Adelman, A., Moser-Mercer, B., Murray, M.M., Golestani, N. (2017). Cortical thickness increases after simultaneous interpretation training. Neuropsychologia, 98, 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsy chologia.2017.01.008.
Klein, C., Metz, S. I., Elmer, S., & Jäncke, L. (2018). The interpreter’s brain during restHyperconnectivity in the frontal lobe. PloS one, 13(8), e0202600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202600
Martin, S.S., et. al. (2024). 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 149(8). https://doi.org/10.1161CIR.0000000000001209 Watts, G. (2014, November 17). The amazing brains of the real-time interpreters. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/future/arti-cle/20141117the-ultimate-multi-taskers
After receiving your submission, the VIEWS Board of Editors will review the article and provide feedback. You will collaborate with the VIEWS Editor-in-Chief to address the feedback and ask any questions during the review process. Once the English version of the article is finalized, you will submit your ASL version, and we will handle the rest!
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Food for Thought: Terms Matter
Stephen Fitzmaurice, Ph.D., NIC:A, CI/CT, NAD 4, Ed:K-12
Stephen Fitzmaurice is an Associate Professor of Interpreting at Clemson University. He received his Ph.D. from Gallaudet University in Interpretation and a Master of Interpreter Pedagogy from Northeastern University. Stephen has worked as an interpreter for over 30 years and is currently the lead faculty for the Educational Interpreting program at Clemson University and Director of the South Carolina Educational Interpreting Center.
As with all languages, both ASL and English change over time. And, certainly, change takes time. For example, we have long since (and, thankfully) moved well beyond deaf and dumb or deaf-mute as terms (National Association of the Deaf, 2024). Yet, we still often hear English users use terms like hearing impaired. As a hearing interpreter, I will often interpret that term literally and offer the Deaf person to decide on providing guidance to the non-deaf person on the appropriateness of the term. Again, change takes time.
When teaching language, we often model the correct articulation to language learners when they make an error. For example, a young hearing child may say pasgetti to mean spaghetti. Generally, we repeat that word the correct way over and over such as ‘oh you want some spa-ghetti’ with over emphasis on the correct part of the articulation. However, if by the time the child is eight years old and has not self-cor-
rected, we may intervene with ‘no that is not right – say it with me.’ It is my hope that this article serves not as an admonishment, but an opportunity to take inventory of the terms we use and perhaps give them a fine tuning. While acknowledging change takes time, sometimes it is healthy to take inventory of our own language use.
That said, within the interpreting community jargon I still hear/see many dated terms still being used. For example, ‘voicing’ for a Deaf person. Interpreters have long since agreed that voice is a tool and an essential component of agency. Yet, we still use it. Let us, instead, move toward interpreting to English or interpreting from ASL. Similarly, linguists have long since agreed the term Pidgin Signed English aka PSE is an incorrect nomenclature, which is now often referred to as Contact Sign (Lucas & Valli, 1989). Yet, PSE is used all the time.
While most spoken language interpreters put their A Language first and then their B language (in my case, that would be English-ASL Interpreter) it seems visual language interpreters in many countries put the visual language first. While not really an issue, it does become of notice in meeting formats, such as Zoom, where I often see interpreters with the label ‘ASL Interpreter.’ Ultimately, this is reductionist as we are bilingual individuals working between two languages. In addition, this does a disservice to Deaf individuals as the implication is we are there for the Deaf person only. In fact, I was recently reminded that we are often present in an interpreting scene because the non-deaf person cannot sign; thus, we are really there for them. I would think we should then be using ‘ASL-English Interpreter,’ or whatever your languages are.
Food for thought in language use: we talk about students who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing (American English use has speakers putting the student first – whereas ASL tends to have the Deaf identity first). While this is much better than the federal definition of students who are hearing impaired (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (2004) Section 300.8 (c) (5)), it still reeks of audism (Humphries, 1977). When we talk about Deaf students, we generally mean students who use some sort of ASL or Contact Sign. This is so deeply intertwined with cultural identities – for our purposes as interpreters by saying Deaf and Hard of Hearing students we move from cultural identity to audiological identity in one phrase.
A change that has not really caught on much is moving away from the infamous Interpreter Training Program (ITP) term. Interpreters have also long since agreed, interpreting is not a trade, rather it is a profession with higher level ethics and decision-making demands. Trades are trained. Professions are schooled (Mikkelson & Jourdenais, 2015). A few interpreting programs have switched to Interpreter Preparation Programs (IPPs), or Interpreter Education Programs (IEPs) but it seems the latter
regularly gets confused with Individualized Education Programs (also IEPs). More recently interpreters have referred to such as Interpreter Programs (IPs) just to keep it simple. Circling back to being schooled, other professions go to school – Divinity School, Law School, Medical School, and Nursing School. My wish is for Interpreting School to catch on.
We must tip our hat to legacy terms, though. We have the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, and that terminology has been maintained due to our 1964 origins. Likewise, the Conference of Interpreter Trainers (CIT) has also retained its terminology as part of its legacy. So indeed, there may be honored reasons why we do not want to update our terms. Yet, is it not time to revisit the rationale for keeping those terms? Terms matter.
That said, there are also ample times where we get stuck in our own patterns of terms we use – and while we can debate whether that is in-community jargon only, it ekes out into the broader world. Again, not an admonishment, just encouragement to take inventory of the terms we use and maybe perk them up a bit. Food for thought, because terms matter.
References
Humphries, T. (1977). Communicating across cultures (Deaf/Hearing) and language learning [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Union Graduate School, Cincinnati, Ohio. Lucas, C., & Valli, C. (1989). Language contact in the American deaf community. In The sociolinguistics of the Deaf community (pp. 1140). Academic Press. Mikkelson, H., & Jourdenais, R. (Eds.). (2015). The Routledge Handbook of Interpreting (1st ed.). Routledge. National Association of the Deaf. (2024). Community and culture - Frequently asked questions. https://www.nad.org/resources/ american-sign-language/community-and-culture-frequently-asked-questions/
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Newly Certified Interpreters
Region II
Genevieve Alvarez, NIC
Madisen Baldwin, NIC
Morgan Beall, NIC
Jasmin Black, CDI
Abigail Bush, NIC
Christina DiSalvo, NIC
Jana Ferraro, NIC
Alyssa Glenn, NIC
Abigail Hazen, NIC
Elizabeth Knisley, NIC
Derrick Kreider, NIC
Sarah Landman, NIC
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Cody Matteson, NIC
Molly McIntosh, NIC
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Jeanine Pollard, NIC
Cassandra Sullivan, NIC
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Victor Blanco, NIC
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Nikita Espinal Bodden, NIC
Jamie Goeller, NIC
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Marissa Lewis, NIC
Elizabeth Livchin, NIC
Jacqueline Loffa, NIC
Briana Minutillo, NIC
Klijah Mitchell, NIC
Candy Morrow, NIC
Jadalynn Orr, NIC
Alicia People, NIC
Sierra Pratt, NIC
Jaime Roop, NIC
Autumn Samuels, NIC
Lorelei Schanstra, NIC
Region III
Michael Cataquet, William Estes, NIC
Alyssa Hill, NIC
Carly Hustedt, NIC
Lauren Jeffers, NIC
Amanda Johnson, Elizabeth Lofstad
Emily Loy, NIC
Olivia Martinetti,
JerriAnn McFarland,
Kayla Mullins, NIC
Emily Ogilvie, NIC
Havalah Teaman,
Kelsey Voss, NIC
Benjamin Wells, NIC
Natasha Shokouhi, NIC
Benjamin Smith, NIC
Kylee Snyder, NIC
Raven Taylor, CDI
Jared Vincent, NIC
Richard Watkins Jr, CDI
Wendy Yat, NIC
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Interpreters
Region IV
Jennifer Arif, NIC
Chloe Cook, NIC
Kylie Eagon, NIC
Hailey King, NIC
Samantha Lindner, NIC
Ashley Marshall, NIC
Hailey Meeks, NIC
Sydney Morriss, NIC
Jessica Nemec, NIC
Erick Rodriguez, NIC
Renee Rose, NIC
Rachel Smith, NIC
Laura Smith, NIC
Jennifer Wilke, NIC
Carlos Ayala, NIC
Andrew Baughman, NIC
Nicar Bocalan, NIC
Liam Cetti, NIC
Taylor Collis, NIC
Lora Eberhard, NIC
Merryn Givens, NIC
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Taylor Hanson, NIC
Frank Huerta, NIC
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Hannah Jones, NIC
Breeann Katz, NIC
Mandy Kelly, NIC
Valerie Lines, NIC
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Joe Rivera, NIC Region V
Certification Maintenance Program
Here is a link, accessible to the community at large, that lists individuals whose certifications have been revoked due to non-compliance with the Certification Maintenance Program or by reasons stated in the RID PPM.
If an individual appears on the list, it means that consumers working with this interpreter may no longer be protected by the Ethical Practices System should an issue arise.
The published list is a “live” list, meaning that it will be updated if a certification is reinstated or revoked.
Additionally, you can find the list of certification reinstatement here
Membership
Maintain current RID membership by paying annual RID Certified Member dues.
Meet the CEU requirements:
• 8.0 total CEUs
• 6.0 Professional Studies (PS) CEUs
• A minimum of 1.0 of the 6.0 PS CEUs must be specifically in PPO training
• Up to 2.0 General Studies CEUs can count toward the certification maintenance requirement.
CPC & EPS
Adhere to the RID Code of Professional Conduct and EPS Policy.
Should a member lose certification due to failure to pay membership costs or failure to comply with CEU requirements, that individual may submit a reinstatement request. The reinstatement form and policies are outlined here. You can find the list of certification reinstatement here.
Voluntary Relinquishment of RID Certification(s)
RID Certified members who decide to voluntarily relinquish the RID certification(s) they currently hold are required to submit a completed, signed and notarized form. To learn more about the eligibility requirements or to submit your request to voluntarily relinquish the RID certification(s) you currently hold, click here. This form is required to be notarized.
Ethical Violations
Decision Date: 9/24/2024
Member Name: William Murphy
CPC Tenet Violations Found:
2. Interpreters possess the professional skills and knowledge required for the specific interpreting situation.
4. Interpreters demonstrate respect for consumers.
6. Interpreters maintain ethical business practices.
EPS Policy Violations Found:
II.6.b. Dishonesty while Conducting the Business of Interpreting
III.1.a. Misusing the Disciplinary Procedures
Sanction: Certifications Revoked
Decision Date: 12/9/2024
Member Name: Kathleen Kreck
CPC Tenet Violations Found:
2. Interpreters possess the professional skills and knowledge required for the specific interpreting situation.
4. Interpreters demonstrate respect for consumers.
6. Interpreters maintain ethical business practices.
Sanction: Certifications suspended for one year. Must collaborate with a supervisor appointed by RID to create a re-education plan. The supervisor will submit quarterly progress updates to the EPS. The suspension will only be lifted upon successful completion of the re-education plan.
VIEWS
About VIEWS
VIEWS, RID’s digital publication, is dedicated to the interpreting profession. As a part of RID’s strategic goals, we focus on providing interpreters with the educational tools they need to excel in their profession. VIEWS aims to inspire thoughtful discussions among practitioners by providing information about research and insight into various specialty fields in the interpreting profession. With the establishment of the VIEWS Board of Editors, the featured content in this publication is peer-reviewed and standardized according to our bilingual review process. VIEWS utilizes a bilingual framework to facilitate knowledge sharing among all parties in an extremely diverse profession. As an organization, we value the experiences and expertise of interpreters from every cultural, linguistic, and educational background. We aim to explore the interpreters’ role within this demanding social and political environment by promoting content with complex layers of experience and meaning.
Submissions
VIEWS publishes articles on matters of interest and concern to the membership. Submissions that are essentially interpersonal exchanges, editorials or statements of opinion are not appropriate as articles and may remain unpublished, run as a letter to the editor, position paper, or column. Submissions that are simply the description of programs and services in the community with no discussion may be redirected to the advertising department. Articles should be 2,000 words or fewer. If you require more space, the article may be broken into multiple parts and released over consecutive issues. Unsigned articles will not be published. RID reserves the right to limit the quantity and frequency of articles published in VIEWS written by a single author(s). Receipt by RID of a submission does not guarantee its publication. RID reserves the right to edit, excerpt or refuse to publish any submission. Publication of an advertisement does not constitute RID’s endorsement or approval of the advertiser, nor does RID guarantee the accuracy of information given in an advertisement. Advertising specifications can be found at https://rid.org/about/advertising/, or by contacting advertising@rid.org
Please submit your piece using the submission form found here All submission and permission inquiries should be directed here.
Copyright
VIEWS is published quarterly by the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, Inc. Statements of fact or opinion are the responsibility of the authors alone and do not necessarily represent the opinion of RID. The author(s), not RID, is responsible for the content of submissions published in VIEWS.
Statement of Ownership
VIEWS (ISSN 0277-7088) is published quarterly by the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, Inc. Materials may not be reproduced or reprinted in whole or in part without written permission. Contact publications@rid.org for permission inquiries and requests.
VIEWS’ electronic subscription is a membership benefit and is covered in the cost of RID membership dues.
VIEWS Board of Editors:
Brooke Roberts, VIEWS Editor-in-Chief
Elisa Maroney, PhD, CI & CT, NIC, Ed:K-12
Stephen Fitzmaurice, Ph.D., NIC:A, CI/CT, NAD 4, Ed:K-12
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