وزارة اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ و اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء /ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻻﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﻲ
اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮﯾﺔ ) اﻟﺠﺰء اﻻول – اﻟﻘﻮارض ( ٢٠١٢ اﻹﺷﺮاف واﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ
أ .د .اﺳﻤﺎﻋﯿﻞ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﻋﺠﺎم
ﺗﺄﻟﯿﻒ
ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﻋﺒﺎس راﺿﻲ
رﺣﺎب ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ
ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻮم /اﺣﯿﺎء ﻣﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ
ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻮم /ﻓﺴﻠﺠﺔ ﺣﯿﻮان
I
اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮﯾﺔ ) اﻟﺠﺰء اﻻول – اﻟﻘﻮارض (
اﻹﺷﺮاف واﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ
أ .د .اﺳﻤﺎﻋﯿﻞ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﻋﺠﺎم
ﺗﺄﻟﯿﻒ
رﺣﺎب ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ
ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﻋﺒﺎس راﺿﻲ
ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻮم /ﻓﺴﻠﺠﺔ ﺣﯿﻮان
ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻮم /اﺣﯿﺎء ﻣﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ
١٤٣٤ھـ
٢٠١٢م
II
اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ
اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع
١....................................................................................................................... اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ٢.................................................................................................................................... اﻟﺒﺎب اﻻول ٢...............................................Laboratory Animals اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮﯾﺔ: اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻻول ٥.. Ethics of Animal Experimentation ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻت ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺔ ٦......................................... اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﻔﻨﯿﺔ ﻻﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻗﺘﻨﺎء ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر واﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ٧.........................Care of Laboratory Animals رﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮﯾﺔ: اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ٨................................................................. Procurement of animals ﺗﺪﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت-I ٨.................................................................................................. Caging اﻻﻗﻔﺎص-II ١٢....................................................................................... Bedding ﻛﺴﻮة اﻟﻔﺮاش-III ١٤.................................................................................................... Feed اﻟﻐﺬاء- IV ١٥................................ Ingredients of animal laboratory diets ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﺎت اﻻﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿﺔ ١٥............................................................................................... Full-cream diet -1 ١٥....................................................................................Diet 1 ( Ground pellets )-2 ١٦............................ Examples of Four Satisfactory Purified Diets for Guinea Pigs -3
Natural-Ingredient Diet Used for Guinea Pig Breeding Colonies at the National-4 ١٦............................................................................................... Institutes of Health ١٧...................................................................... Natural-Ingredient Diet for Hamsters
-٥
١٧............................................................................................................................ Water اﻟﻤﺎء-V
١٨................................................. Sanitation & Cleanliness اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ وﺗﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ-VI III
١٩...... Cleaning & Disinfection of Primary Enclosure ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ وﺗﻌﻘﯿﻤﮫ-أ ٢١........................................................................ Veterinary Care اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﻄﺮﯾﺔ-ب ٢١........................ Personell Hygiene & Training of Staff ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﯾﻦ وﺗﺪرﯾﺒﮭﻢ- ج ٢٢...........................................Terrestrial animal اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﺑﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﺔ: اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ٢٢........................Microenvironment & Macroenvironment اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة واﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة ٢٢............................................................................ Microenvironment اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة ٢٢.............................................................................. Macroenvironment اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة ٢٢............................................................................... Animal Houses اﻟﺒﯿﻮت اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ٢٤.................................................................................. ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل ٢٤....................................................... Temperature & Humidity اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ واﻟﺤﺮارة- I ٢٥....................................................... Ventilation & Quality اﻟﺘﮭﻮﯾﺔ وﻧﻮﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﮭﻮاء- II ٢٥...................................................................................... Illumination اﻻﺿﺎءة- III ٢٦............................................................ Noise & Vibration اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء واﻻھﺘﺰاز- IV ٢٦.................. Diseases of Animal Laboratory – اﻻﻣﺮاض اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﯿﺐ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺎربV ٢٧............................... Husbandry of Animal اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت: اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ٢٧................................................................ Quality of Experiment ( ﻧﻮﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔI ٢٨.................................. Restraint & Handling of Animal ( ﺗﻘﯿﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت وﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﮭﺎII ٢٩...................................................... Administration of Materials ( اﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﻮادIII ٢٩....................................................................... Administrative Routes ﻃﺮق اﻻﻋﻄﺎء ٢٩......................................................................................Oral Route ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻔﻢ-١ ٣٠...................................................................... Parenteral Routes اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻼﻣﻌﻮﯾﺔ-٢ ٣٠.......................................................................... Subcutaneous Route أ ( ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ IV
٣٠................................................... Intraperitoneal Route (ب ( داﺧﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺎق ) اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺘﻮن ٣٠..................................................................... Intramuscular Route ج ( داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ ٣٠.......................................................................... Intravenous Route د ( داﺧﻞ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ ٣٢................................................. Anaesthesia & Euthansia ( اﻟﺘﺨﺪﯾﺮ واﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢIV ٣٢............................................................................................ Anaesthesia اﻟﺘﺨﺪﯾﺮ-أ ٣٤........................................................................................ Euthansia اﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ-ب ٣٤.................................................................... Physical Methods ﻃﺮق اﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﯿﺪوﯾﺔ- I ٣٤.............................................................. Chemical Methods ﻃﺮق اﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎوﯾﺔ- II ٣٦............................................................................... Blood Collection ( ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪمV ٣٦ ......................................................................... General Principles اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ٣٧...................................General Methods in Blood Collection اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ٣٧...... Blood Collection not Requiring Anesthesia ًأ ( ﻃﺮق ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺨﺪﯾﺮا ٣٧........................................................................... Saphenous Vein اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻦ-١ ٣٧.................................................................................... Pedal Vein اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﻘﺪﻣﻲ-٢ ٣٧........... Blood Collection Requiring Anesthesia ًب ( ﻃﺮق ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺨﺪﯾﺮا ٣٧ ....................................................................................... Tail Vein اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﺬﻧﺒﻲ-١ ٣٧ .......................................................................................... Tail Snip ﻗﺺ اﻟﺬﻧﺐ-٢ ٣٧ ................................................................................ Jugular Vein اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﻮداﺟﻲ-٣ ٣٧ ...................................................................... Temporary Cannula اﻹﻗﻨﺎء اﻟﻮﻗﺘﻲ-٤ ٣٧ ................................................... Blood Vessel Cannulation إﻗﻨﺎء اﻻوﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﯾﺔ-٥ V
-٦اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻐﻲ ٣٧ ................................................................................. Tarsal Vein -٧اﻟﺸﺮﯾﺎن او اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻻذن ٣٧ ................................. Marginal Ear Vein /Artery ج ( اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ ٣٧ ................................................................... Terminal Procedure -١ﺛﻘﺐ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ٣٧ ............................................................................... Cardiac Puncture -٢ﻣﺤﺠﺮ اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ٣٧ ................................................................................... Orbital Sinus -٣اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻻﺟﻮف اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ٣٧ .......................................................................... Vena Cava - Iاﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪي Venous Collection
٣٨.................................................................
- IIاﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﯾﺎﻧﻲ ٣٩................................................................... Arterial Collection - IIIاﻻﻗﻨﺎء او اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ ٣٩............................................................................ Cannulation - IVﺛﻘﺐ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ٤١............................................................................ Cardiac Puncture -Vﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ٤٢...................................................... Automated Blood Sampling ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﺪم ٤٣.................................................................. The ABS Process اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ٤٥................................................................................................................................. اﻧﻮاع اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮﯾﺔ ٤٥............................................................................................. ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ٤٥...................................................................................................................... ﺻﻔﺎت ﺣﯿﻮان اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ٤٥.................................................................................................. اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻻول :اﻟﻔﺌﺮان ٤٦......................................................................................MICE اوﻻ :اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ٤٦....................................................... Scientific Classification ً ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً :ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﺌﺮان ٤٧........................................................................ Biology of Mice ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎً :اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ٥٠.................................................................. Internal Anatomy ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﻔﺄر ٥٠............................................................................ Dissection of Mouse VI
٥١...................................................................... Digestive System – اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﮭﻀﻤﻲI ٥٣............................................................................. Urinary System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ- II ٥٤................................................................... Respiratory System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ- III ٥٥...................................................................Circulatory System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺪوراﻧﻲ- IV ٥٦.........................................................................Nervous System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ- V ٥٧............................................................... Reproductive System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ- VI ٥٧........................................ Female Reproductive System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻻﻧﺜﻮي-١ ٥٧.................................................................................... . Estrus Cycle اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺸﺒﻘﯿﺔ ٥٩...............................Evaluating Vaginal Cytology Method ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺨﻠﻮي اﻟﻤﮭﺒﻠﻲ ٦٢............................................ Male Reproductive System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻟﺬﻛﺮي-٢ ٦٣....................................................................................... Breeding ( اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ ) اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ٦٣................................................................. Monogamous pair اﻟﺰواج ﺑﺰوﺟﺔ واﺣﺪة-١ ٦٣.................................................................................Breeding trios اﻟﺰواج اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ-٢ ٦٣...................................................................................................Hareems اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻢ-٣ ٦٤.......................................................................................... Sexing ﺗﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ: ًراﺑﻌﺎ ٦٥........................................... Husbandry of Animals اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت: ًﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ ٦٦........................................................................... Identification ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﺔ: ًﺳﺎدﺳﺎ ٦٧...........................Handling and Restraint of Animals اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ و ﺗﻘﯿﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت: ًﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ أ ( ﻛﯿﻔﯿ ﺔ How to Pick up a Mouse with Thumb Forceps اﻟﺘﻘ ﺎط اﻟﻔ ﺄر ﺑ ﺎﻟﻤﻠﻘﻂ اﻻﺑﮭ ﺎﻣﻲ ٦٨.............................................................................................................................. ٦٨........................................................................... Holding A mouse ب ( ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻔﺄر ٦٨............................................................ Two-handed Method ( ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة١ ٦٨......................................................... Two- handed Method ( ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﯿﺪﯾﻦ اﻻﺛﻨﺘﯿﻦ٢ ٧٠.................................................... Mechanical Restrainers وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻲ-ج ٧١.................................................. Administration of Substances اﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد: ًﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎ VII
٧١.......................................................... Oral Gavage اﻟﺘﺰﻗﯿﻢ او اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻻﻧﺒﻮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﻤﻮﯾﺔ- I ٧٣.......................................................... Subcutaneous Injection اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ- II ٧٤..................................... Intraperitoneal Injection اﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﻮﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺘﻮﻧﻲ-III ٧٥.......................................................Intramuscular Injection اﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ- IV ٧٦............................................................. Intravenous Injection اﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ- V ٧٧........................................................................... Blood Collection ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم: ًﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ ٧٧..........Blood Samples Saphenous Vein in Leg ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎق-I ٧٩.... Blood Sample Collection from Mouse Orbital Sinus ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺠﺮ اﻟﻌﯿﻦ- II ٨٠............................. Tail Vein Blood Sample Collection ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﺬﻧﺒﻲ- III ٨١.................................. Tail Snip Blood Sample Collection ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﺑﻘﺺ اﻟﺬﻧﺐ- IV ٨٢.......... Blood collection from dorsal pedal vein ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﻘﺪﻣﻲ اﻟﻈﮭﺮي- V ٨٢................... Jugular Vein Blood Sample Collection ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﻮداﺟﻲ- VI Blood Sample Collection Through Posterior ﺟﻤ ﻊ اﻟ ﺪم ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻮرﯾ ﺪ اﻻﺟ ﻮف اﻟﺨﻠﻔ ﻲ - VII ٨٣..............................................................................................................Vena Cava Blood Sample Collection Through Cardiac Puncture ﻄﺮﯾﻘ ﺔ ﺛﻘ ﺐ اﻟﻘﻠ ﺐ – ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﺑVIII ٨٤............................................................................................................................... ٨٦................................................................................. RATS اﻟﺠﺮذان: اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ٨٦........................................................................................................ Strains اﻟﻄﺮز ٨٧....................................................... Scientific Classification
اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ: ًأوﻻ
٨٧........................................................................ Biology of Rats ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﺮذان: ًﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ ٨٩................................................................... Internal Anatomy اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ: ًﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ ٨٩................................................................................ Dissection of Rat ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺠﺮذ ٩١........................................................................ Digestive System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﮭﻀﻤﻲ- I ٩٣.................................................................... Respiratory System – اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲII ٩٤................................................................. Circulatory System – اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺪوراﻧﻲIII ٩٥............................................................................ Urinary System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ- IV ٩٥................................................................ Endocrinology System – اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺼﻤﻲV ٩٨.............................................................. Reproductive System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ- VI ٩٨......................................... Female Reproductive System ) أ ( اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻻﻧﺜﻮي ٩٩................................................................. Rat Vaginal Smear اﻟﻤﺴﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﮭﺒﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺮذ ١٠٣.......................................... Male Reproductive System ) ب ( اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻟﺬﻛﺮي VIII
اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ ١٠٤.....................................................................................................Breeding - VIIاﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ١٠٤ ................................................................... Nervous System راﺑﻌﺎً :ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ ١٠٥...................................................................................... Sexing ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎً :اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﯿﻮان ١٠٦.............................................. Husbandry of Animal ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ :ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﺔ ١٠٦......................................................................... Identification ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎً :ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﺮذان وﺗﻘﯿﯿﺪھﺎ ١٠٧................................ Handling and Restraint of Rats أ ( ﺗﻘﯿﯿﺪ اﻟﺠﺮذ ١٠٧........................................................................................................ ب ( ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﺮذ ١٠٨................................................................................................... ج ( ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺮذ ﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ١٠٩................................................................................. ﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎً :اﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد ١٠٩ ................................................ Administration of substances -Iاﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ١١٠......................................................... Subcutaneous Injection -IIاﻟﺘﺰﻗﯿﻢ او اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻻﻧﺒﻮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﻤﻮﯾﺔ ١١١...................................................... Oral Gavage -IIIاﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺎق ١١٢.................................................. Intraperitoneal Injection -IVاﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ ١١٣........................................................ Intravenous Injection ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎً :ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ١١٤....................................................................... Blood collection – Iﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﺑﺈﻗﻨﺎء اﻟﻮﻋﺎء اﻟﺪﻣﻮي ١١٤................................... Blood Vessel Cannulation اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :اﻷراﻧﺐ ١١٦............................................................................ Rabbits اوﻻً -اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ١١٦...................................................... Scientific Classification ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً -ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯿﺔ اﻻراﻧﺐ ١١٧................................................................ Biology of Rabbits ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ -اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ١٢٠.................................................................. Internal Anatomy ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻻرﻧﺐ ١٢٠........................................................................Dissection of Rabbit - Iاﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﮭﻀﻤﻲ ١٢٢.................................................................. Digestive System – IIاﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺪوراﻧﻲ ١٢٥................................................................ Circulatory System – IIIاﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ ١٢٥............................................................... Respiratory System - IVاﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ ١٢٦..................................................................... Urinary System – Vاﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ١٢٧................................................................... Nervous System - VIاﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ١٢٨............................................................ Reproductive System أ ( اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻻﻧﺜﻮي١٢٨.......................................... Female Reproductive System IX
١٢٩..................................................................... Reproductive Cycle اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮﯾﺔ ١٢٩............................................ Male Reproductive System ب( اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻟﺬﻛﺮي ١٣٠................................................................................................... Breeding اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ ١٣٠..................................................................................... Sexing ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ: راﺑﻌﺎ ً ١٣١......................................... Husbandry of the Rabbits اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻻراﻧﺐ: ًﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ ١٣٢........................................................................ Identification ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﺔ- ًﺳﺎدﺳﺎ ١٣٣........................ Restraint and Handling of Animals ﺗﻘﯿﯿﺪ اﻻراﻧﺐ وﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﮭﺎ- ًﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ ١٣٥................................................ Administration of Substances اﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد- ًﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎ ١٣٥........................................................ Subcutaneous Injection اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ-I ١٣٦........................................................ Intravenous Injection
اﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ-II
١٣٧..................... Oral Administration of Substances – اﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻔﻢIII ١٣٧........................................................................... Syringe Feeding اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﻘﻨﺔ 138................................................. Intramuscular Injection – اﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔIV ١٣٩........................................................................ Blood Collection ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم- ًﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ Central Artery and Marginal Ear ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺸ ﺮﯾﺎن اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ﺰي و اﻟﻮرﯾ ﺪ اﻟﺤ ﺎﻓﻲ ﻟ ﻼذن -I ١٣٩...................................................................................
Vein Blood Collection
Cardiac Puncture or Terminal Bleeding Blood ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﺑﺜﻘ ﺐ اﻟﻘﻠ ﺐ او اﻻدﻣ ﺎءاﻟﻨﮭ ﺎﺋﻲ-II ١٤١...................................................................................................... Collection ١٤٣............................................................... Guinea Pig ﺧﻨﺰﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ: اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ١٤٣........................................................ Scientific Classification اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ: ًاوﻻ ١٤٤..................................................... Biology of Guinea Pig ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﺧﻨﺎزﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ: ًﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ ١٤٧..................................................................Internal Anatomy اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ: ًﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ ١٤٧...........................................................Dissection of Guinea Pig ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺧﻨﺰﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ ١٤٨................................................................... Digestive System – اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﮭﻀﻤﻲI ١٥٠............................................................... Circulatory System – اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺪوراﻧﻲII ١٥١............................................................... Respiratory System – اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲIII ١٥٢............................................................................... Urinary System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ ١٥٣..................................................................... Reproductive System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ١٥٣......................................... Female Reproductive System أ ( اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻻﻧﺜﻮي X
اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮﯾﺔ ) اﻟﺸﺒﻘﯿﺔ ( ١٥٣.......................................................................................... ب ( اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻟﺬﻛﺮي ١٥٤............................................ Male Reproductive System اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ ١٥٥.....................................................................................................Breeding ( ١ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ١٥٥....................................................... Nontensive System (٢ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ١٥٥.................................................................. Intensive System راﺑﻌﺎً :ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ ١٥٥...................................................................................... Sexing ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎً :اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ١٥٦............................................ Husbandry of Animals ﺳﺎدﺳﺎً :ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﺔ ١٥٨........................................................................... Identification ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎً :ﺗﻘﯿﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت واﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﮭﺎ ١٥٨.................... Restraint and Handling of Animals ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط ﺧﻨﺰﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ ١٥٨.............................................................................................. ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺧﻨﺰﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ ١٥٩............................................................................................... ﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎً :اﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻓﻲ ﺧﻨﺎزﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ ١٦٠..... Administration of Substances in Guinea Pig ) أ ( اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻤﻌﺪﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻮﯾﺔ ١٦٠..................................................... Gastro-intestinal Route ) ب ( اﻻﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻼﻣﻌﻮي ١٦١............................................................... Parenteral Route - Iاﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺎق ) اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺘﻮن ( ١٦١...................................... Intraperitoneal Injection - IIاﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ ١٦٢.......................................................... Intravenous Injection - IIIاﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ١٦٣........................................................ Subcutaneous Injection - IVاﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻀﻼت ١٦٤................................................. Intramuscular Injection ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ ً :ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺧﻨﺎزﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ ١٦٥..................... Blood Collection in the Guinea Pig -١ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺛﻘﺐ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ ١٦٥....................................................... Vein Puncture Technique أ ( ﺛﻘﺐ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ١٦٥.............................. Lateral Saphenous Vein Puncture ب ( ﺛﻘﺐ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻨﺰﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ )ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺟﺮاﺣﯿﺔ ( ١٦٦............................................ ج ( ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻐﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺪم ١٦٧...................... Tarsal Vein Blood Collection د ( اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻻﺟﻮف اﻟﻘﺤﻔﻲ ١٦٧.............................. Cranial Vena Cava Blood Collection ھـ ( ﺛﻘﺐ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻨﺰﯾﺮ ﻏﯿﻨﯿﺎ ١٦٨....................................................... Cardiac Puncture -٣إﻗﻨﺎء اﻟﻮﻋﺎء اﻟﺪﻣﻮي ١٦٩................................................ Cannulation Blood Vessles اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ :اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺴﺘﺮ ١٧٠.................................................................… Hamster اوﻻً :اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ١٧١........................................................ Scientific Classification XI
١٧٢............................................................... Biology of Hamster ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯿﺔ اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺴﺘﺮ: ًﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ ١٧٤.................................................................. Internal Anatomy اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ: ﺛﺎﻟﺜًﺎ ١٧٤.................................................................. Dissection of Hamster ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺴﺘﺮ ١٧٦.......................................................................Digestive System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﮭﻀﻤﻲ- I ١٧٨............................... Respiratory and Vascular System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ واﻟﻮﻋﺎﺋﻲ- II ١٧٩........................................................................ Urinary System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ- III ١٨٠.............................................................. Reproductive System اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ- IV ١٨٠......................................... Female Reproductive System أ ( اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻻﻧﺜﻮي ١٨١....................................................................... Reproductive Cycle اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮﯾﺔ ١٨٢............................................ Male Reproductive System ب ( اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ اﻟﺬﻛﺮي ١٨٣.................................................................................................... Breeding اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ ١٨٣....................................................................................... Sexing ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ: راﺑﻌﺎ ً ١٨٤............................................................................Identification ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﺔ: ًﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ ١٨٥...................................... Husbandry of the Animals اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت: ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ ً ١٨٦..................... Restraint and Handling of Animals اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﺪ واﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت: ًﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ ١٨٧................................................. Administration of Substances اﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد: ًﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎ ١٨٨................................................... Intraperitoneal Injection اﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺎق- II ١٨٨....................................................... Subcutaneous Injection – اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪII ١٨٩.......................................................... Intravenous Injection اﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ- III ١٨٩...................................................... Intramuscular Injection اﻟﺤﻘﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ-IV ١٩٠........................................................................ Blood Collection ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم: ًﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ ١٩٠................................... Retro- orbital Blood Collection ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺠﺮ اﻟﻌﯿﻦ- I ١٩١............ Lateral Tarsal Vein Blood Collection ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻐﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ- II ١٩١.................................. Cardiac puncture Blood Collection ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺪم ﺑﺜﻘﺐ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ- III ١٩٢.........................................................................................................................… اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ١٩٢.........................................................................................… References اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ١٩٢...................................................................................................… اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ١٩٦ -١٩٣.........................................................................................… اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻻﺟﻨﺒﯿﺔ
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MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCINTIFIC RESEARCH AL-Qasim Green University College of Agriculture Department of Animal Production
LABORATORY Animals ( PART - I - RODENTS )
Scientific Supervision PROF. Dr. ISMAEL KADHUM AJAM Edited By RIHAB GALIB AL-ZUHAIRY
FADHIL ABBAS AL-SHAMARY
M.Sc. Physiology
M.Sc. Microbiology
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