Locust

/// productive /// resilient /// kinetic agricultural infrastructure

rikus engelbrecht 206115130

LOCUST

“Walking City imagines a future in which borders and boundaries are abandoned in favor of a nomadic lifestyle among groups of people worldwide.�

- (walking city, from archigram, 2011)

LOCUST

By HENDRIKUS ANDREAS TRUTER ENGELBRECHT Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER TECHNOLOGIAE: ARCHITECTURE (PROFESSIONAL) Department of Architecture FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Supervisor: Prof. J. Laubscher October 2014 Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at are those of the author and cannot necessarily be attributed to the Tshwane University of Technology

ii

This design proposal is a reaction to

Successful implementation of this

existing static typologies used for food proposal should then reduce the harvesting, distribution and storage.

energy expenditure within the processes of food cultivation.

on limiting the energy expenditure

It could ultimately serve as a

within the typology that house these

sustainable architectural typology,

processes, the architecture makes

promoting energy equilibrium within

use of nomadic architectural

the natural ecology.

principles as a design generator.

By introducing these principles, the design will attempt to generate an alternative kinetic model for this typology. This will be achieved by the introduction of potential energy in the form of natural fluids.

iii

abstract

Formulating an argument grounded

> 04 CHAPTER _ CONTEXT

> 01 CHAPTER _ INTRODUCTION /// backround

03

/// approach

059

/// the silo

05

/// analysis

061

/// homeostasis

07

/// genius loci

065

/// concept

09

/// proposal

067

/// locust

11

/// outline brief

015

> 05 CHAPTER _ BRIEF -PROGRAMME -

///research methodology

017

> 02 CHAPTER _ theoretical premise /// type + typology + transformation

021

/// fluid architecture

031

ACCOMODATION

/// brief

081

/// programme- harvesting, storing

083

distributing /// accomodation-silage

087

> 06 CHAPTER _ CONCEPTUAL

> 03 CHAPTER _ PRECEDENTS /// strandbeest

047

/// stanford university modular

049

/// concept

093

/// part

095

shelters

EVELOPMENT

/// horizon houses

051

/// site interventions

097

/// case study

053

/// NOMAD

0101 0115

/// DESIGN PALLET

iv

01 15

v

> 07 DESIGN SYNTHESIS

0135

> 08 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION

0159

> 09 REFRENCES

0185

contents

introduction 01

backround

02

argument

outline brief

research methodology

01

This is evident in the struggle to feed the rising global population, whilst simultaneously preserving our natural resources.

The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that farmers will have to produce 70% more food by 2050 (Graph 1) to meet the needs of the world’s expected 9 billion-strong population.

graph 1: world population projection by 2050 by U.N. - by author

fig 1: traditional food system, by author

quadrillion Btu

400

800

0

1990

This implies the need to produce 1 billion more tons of wheat, rice and other cereals and 200 million more tons of beef and produce from other livestock (Despommier, 2010).

South-Africa’s contribution to addressing this food crisis may clearly be identified in statistics provided by PWC, indicating that: “…South Africa will be the seventh fastest-growing economy between now and 2050, with an average annual real growth rate of five percent.” (SAinfo.com, 2011)

While the production of food has always been dependent on the use of energy, traditional agricultural cultivation processes were part of a holistic system which was in equilibrium. In this system the sun served as the primary source of energy, as depicted in Figure 2.

However, as a result of the industrialisation and consolidation of agriculture, food production has become increasingly dependent on energy derived from fossil fuels (refer Graph 2) to meet the increasing demands of globalisation (Energy and Agriculture, 2013), (Graph 3).

In effect, existing architectural typologies are supporting the segregation between product and consumer as they mostly employ stereotomic anchoring of facilities large enough to accommodate the global need. The static nature of this anchoring has resulted in a vast number of environmental, economic and social issues that have to be addressed in order for humankind to adequately assume responsibility for the future.

2000 OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development non- OECD OECD quadrillion Btu

2010 2020 2030 2040 600

200

graph 3: world energy consumption,1990 -2040

backround

31, 612 KJ graph 2: energy expenditure yield/ ton, source: (http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/index.cfm)

corn yield 9t/ ha

With science and technology leading the revolution in our modern era, humankind will inevitably have to develop a new outlook in assuming responsibility for the future (Dahiden, 1972).

03

towards Energy sustainable agriculture “Charles Darwin has suggested that the problem of survival always depends upon the capability of an object to adapt in a changing environment.” With this concept the ability of architecture to change itself and change the environment it is placed within, can be identified as a possible tool to address the current issues at hand. As stated by (Zuk & Clark, 1970), architecture stands at the threshold of a new evolution.

Architecture is in a phase of redevelopment, the “so called permanent building hardly exists at all - buildings, like all tools, are made for a specific task that has a time limit on its value and when a better way of preforming that task emerges, the vast majority of existing outmoded tools will usually be junked.”- (Kronenberg, 2002, p 142.)

Nonetheless, this does not imply the complete destruction of a building after it has served its purpose. It alludes, rather, to architecture that moves; in other words, “portable buildings”. Kronenberg refers to these structures as a link to the way humans once were: nomads, using the earth as a resource in a sensible manner and allowing the land to renew itself once they had moved on (2002, p 150). He describes this as the way humans want to be, more aware of their environment and their impact on it.

Taking into account that architecture is the tool that humans use to manipulate and define their existence, can we not argue that this would be the tool that we can use to alter and assume responsibility for our future?

Consequently, the objective of this architectural intervention is to initiate the change that Darwin suggests, in the cultivation process. This will inform the responsible transformation and integration of agricultural cultivation systems with technology and science. This new architectural typology will then emulate a natural ecological system where all constituents are in equilibrium.

“The creation of such an ideal world will call for protracted endeavours in the political, social, and technological spheres. Of the many tasks that will have to be surmounted, the most important are the establishment of supranational systems, the introduction of a comprehensive educational system and comprehensive economic planning the reorganization of food and energy supplies,” - (Dahiden, 1972)

04

fig 2: compilation of silos- by author

cultivated land

N12 road carrige

secondary road carridge

river

pastoral land

railway line

250 800 t/ y

50km

bloemhof N12 bloemhof dam

0t vaal river

ddgs //year

animal feed pastoral

christiana

150km_

Bothaville ethanol production plant

05 Current situation

01

5

10

25

50km

the silo

pastoral farms areble land/ crop farms primary transport/ railway primary transport / road secondary transport /farmers

legend

fig 3: illustration of current silo/grain infrastructure. by author

Traditionally, the silo served as a storage facility to supply feed for animals through droughts and dry winters when grazing pastures were scarce. The earliest known granaries date back 11,000 years and were discovered on the shore of the Dead Sea in Jordan (Discovery, 2010). In Southern Africa, the remnants found at the Great Zimbabwean ruins reveal some of the first structures to resemble a silo/ granary in Africa (The British Museum). These were basic forms of feed storage and only served the village in which they were built.

Based on background research, it has been concluded that the Industrial Revolution contributed to the development of this building typology and that the latter now serves as the midpoint between agricultural activities and consumers in grain infrastructure.

South Africa currently has approximately 243 grain silos and is able to handle and store up to 15 million ton of grains throughout the course of the winter and summer harvesting seasons. Bloemhof Silos , in particular, are part of the Suidwes Silo group and handle approximately 250 thousand tons of grain every season (Senwes, 2014).

Figure 5 indicates the travelling distances for transporting the harvested grain to the silo. From there, it is distributed to local and international markets. The silos are predominantly located within a 30-60 km average travelling distance from the various farms. However, an increase in urbanisation has resulted in a separation between the consumer (and markets) and the productive landscape.

It is argued that the static nature of the silo increases the amount of energy used during the process of grain harvesting, distribution and storage. This extended process contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, further disturbing the natural equilibrium. bloemhof

bloemhof dam

N12

vaal river

christiana

bloemhof

06

0 1

fig 4 Bloemhof silos- by author

fig 5: illustration of current grain distribution networks

5

10

25

50

Maxwell’s second law of thermodynamics states that, the entropy in a system will increase (it will lose energy) unless new energy is put in.

- (Woods, 2009: 1)

fig 6: conceptual illustration of energy- image by authour

07 argument

homeostasis

(physiology) metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by several complex biological mechanisms that operate via the autonomic nervous system to offset disrupting changes.

(Source: Dictionary online)

the transformation of static agricultural infrastructure to serve as part of a holistic food system Maxwell’s second law of thermodynamics is utelised to substantiate the argument, it states that “in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state.”(Woods, p1,2009) This is also commonly referred to as “entropy”. A spring-driven watch will run until the potential energy in the spring is converted, and then not again until energy is reapplied to the spring to rewind it. Therefore, it contends that, similarly, the natural resources that generate the earth’s energy will inevitably decrease or become depleted if no intervention takes place to lower entropy or replace potential energy within the system.

Homeostasis, in addition, implies the possibility of a natural energy equilibrium within earth’s ecological system. This results if all organisms on earth work together, utilising and transforming potential energy that exists within nature to serve their needs. However, in the current system, human activities (i.e. fossil fuelled ones) are the disrupting changes that prohibit equilibrium energy within the natural environment.

Therefore, in order to achieve equilibrium in energy levels, we have to strive to synchronise activities with natural cycles within our environment and minimise the carbon footprint of human activity on the natural environment. This implies the introduction of an intervention that simulates organisms within the natural environment, serving as part of a holistic system. This will inevitably reduce entropy within the system, diminishing the loss of energy.

“You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete” - Buckminster Fuller, (1895 - 1983).

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bloemhof

bloemhof dam

N12

vaal river

CONCEPT

The transformation of static agricultural infrastructure to serve as a resilient and productive agro-pastoral CULTIVATION framework, using eco-systemic design principles.

fig 8: the migrating silo as part of a holistic system by author

christiana

fig 7: new holistig agricultural framework by author

09

crop yield

+

5km -

250 800 t/ y

250 800 t/ year

50km - regional context -

- 517 t/ year

site

ethanol

- 22, 42Kl/ year FEED

- 22, 42Kl/ year production volume

homeostasis

22, 42Kl /year

ethanol

Consequently, the proposal is to transform the static typology of the silo into the more kinetic model of the LOCUST – a productive agro-pastoral agricultural framework. The LOCUST will incorporate energy efficient design solutions that will translate potential energy in the form of grain, air and water into kinetic energy that serves as the main supply of energy in these processes. This new kinetic model will make use of kinetic collectors that gather harvested grain within its migrating pattern and deliver it to the main processing facility. Here the harvest will be processed into two alternative forms of energy: the first is silage which will be reintroduced into the pastoral landscape as feed for animals, while the second is a bio fuel that will be sold as an alternative energy supply for transportation. The proposed design will incorporate the fluid landscape in the form of wind, water and grain as an energy source to complete the process of harvesting, storing and distributing produce. By incorporating the fluid landscape it is argued that, inevitably, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced, lowering the impact this human activity and its processes have on the natural ecology; it will then serve as a constituent of a 010holistic system.

@ 650lt/ ha

159 907,50 t ddgs //year

animal feed

5km

13t

517,50 t/ y

17,25 ha

supply radius

crop fig 9: conceptual illustration of proposed silo/grain infrastructure. by author

fig 10: illustration of the LOCUST as a inegrated agro-pastoral cultivation framework in the productive landscape

bloe

N12

vaal river

christiana

011

locust

bloemhof

To assist the reader with terminology and definitions used in the literature that defines the proposal, a broad overview is provided of the framework and the elements that constitute it.

bloemhof dam

The LOCUST is the proposed design resolution for the hypotheses of the dissertation. The framework is constituted by a network of agro-pastoral activities arranged in the productive landscape. It makes use of kinetic energy (water, wind and grain) harvested from the fluidic landscape to complete the cultivation process.

However, the focus of this design dissertation lies principally with the processing facility of the LOCUST. It will produce silage and bio-fuel as the proposed energy to be injected into the cultivation process.

Nuclei/ docking stations MIGRATING ROUTE OF THE NOMAD water/ river areble land pastoral farms crop farms primary transport/ railway primary transport / road

012

secondary transport /farmers

legend

fig 11: illustration of the LOCUST as a inegrated agro-pastoral cultivation framework in the productive landscape

013

elements BLOEMHOF Existing town on peripheries of Freestate and North-West provincial boundaries.

Currently facilitating the existing district silos.

N12 national road carriageway

ethanol/ bio fuel filling station Proposed new energy that will be injected into the cultivation process, derived from the productive landscape.

VAAL RIVEr- FLUidic energy Proposed fluidic energy to be incorporated in the production process

ethanol/ silage production facility Proposed new energy production facility of the LOCUST, transforming productive harvests into usable energy that is injected in the cultivation process. It is also the focused architectual resolution. auction house Proposed new facility for industrial animal production and district trading.

nomad- the migrating silo Proposed collector pods incorporated into the processing facility of the LOCUST collecting harvested crops along its migrating route.

014

productive landscape Proposed new energy that will be injected into the cultivation process, used to produce sialge and bio-fuel.

fig 12. conceptual development -by author

015

ouTline brief

The aim of this project is to promote localised pastoral farming and reduce the energy consumed in the process of producing silage and the distribution of cultivated harvests.

The proposal investigates the design of a didactic silage production facility using the migrating silo to establish a new kinetic typology in productive infrastructure, meeting the following objectives:

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Establishing the new typology as a productive architectural solution that responsibly serves the community and environment that it moves through, within the set parameters of this proposal. It will incorporate and develop the current process of grain collection, storage and distribution.

This will be achieved through the kinetic transformation of existing static typologies as illustrated below in Figure 11. By breaking up the typology and distributing the processes housed within the design, this will serve a greater network with greater efficiency, using less energy.

fig 13. static to kinetic -by author

The architecture will incorporate sustainable building alternatives to allow the design a natural integration within its environment, informed by an eco-systemic building approach. This approach may be seen in the design of Theo Jansen’s STRANDBEEST, using the natural environment as the design generator; Figure 12.

Aligning the design with these principles will successfully reduce the energy depletion within the new typology, in turn promoting an energy equilibrium within the set parameters of this proposal.

fig 14. biomimicry - source: www. pinterest.com

The successful integration of a homeostatic design will rely on the integration of kinetic energy alternatives to supply power to a facility. These energies will be integrated into the functioning systems that complete processes housed within the facility.

It is proposed that kinetic energy will be drawn from the fluid landscape in the form of wind and water as the primary power supply.

Simultaneously, the potential energy that grain holds in the form of gravity/ weight will also be transferred into a kinetic energy.

fig 15. alternative energy by author

017

fig 16. exploration of the silo as architectural typology source: by author

reseach Methodology

approach In the process of resolving this design hypothesis, pertinent literature was reviewed to determine appropriate design principles that would define the transformation of the existing typology. Relevant research was undertaken relating to the practice of harvesting, distributing and storage of grain and the relative architectural typologies that house these processes. This determined the programme of the new typology and the systems that would be used to complete its functions/ processes.

The study also set out the spatial parameters for accommodation and applied tectonics that were used as design generators for the new typology.

Furthermore, site investigation determined the opportunities and constraints within the pre-determined area of study. This informed the climatic conditions as well as the topographical layout of the context and the influence it has on the design.

Existing infrastructure determined the connection to the context as these structures are integrated to form part of the new proposal.

The succeeding chapters discuss the literature reviewed; the studies that were conducted explain how the design proposal was formulated.

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limitations

This dissertation sets out the architectural resolution to the hypothesis and describes how this will be integrated and applied to transform the existing typology and address the issues discussed.

However, it should be noted that there are certain aspects to the final resolution that are not addressed.

These relate to practices that cannot be dealt with in the architectural vocation. Furthermore, this proposal considers the inception of a large scale development that spans between Bloemhof and Christiana as the migration route set out for the design, and is not the final proposal for the developed route. It argues and addresses the hypothesis within its own boundaries and will be the starting point for this development. Therefore it can also be regarded as the prototypical development for future proposals along the route and for how they would function.

delimitations The design proposes an architectural intervention that would embody the process of storing and distributing harvested grain. While conceptualising intervals that would serve as nuclei for feed distribution that have been processed on the path of migration, these nuclei were not developed further for the final proposal. Therefore, the final resolution should not be read as a singular entity, but rather as an integral part of the whole development.

theoretical premise 019

0

type+typology+transformation

fluid architecture

02 020

climate change wooden silo storage expansion formalised cultivation

pastoral farming

local trek boer

1st typology

community settlement pit silos

grain elevators economic expansion

established development urban development of infrastructure

national

industrial revolution trading and exportation on global scale global warming globalisation 16.8%

industrial processes

transportation fuel 14%

2nd typology

greenhouse gas emmitions annually

fossil feul retrival, processing and distribution

development of the silo 1860’s

1920’s

graph 4. timeline of the silo- by author

21.3%

11.3%

land use and biomass burning

1980’s

2000’s

3.4% 12.5%

10%

power stations

10.3%

FUTURE

waste disposal and treatment

global

agricultural byproducts

residential, commercial and other sources

Annie MG Schmidt House, "breathing new life into the silos, transforming them into an inspiring and lively place which will help shape the character of the new Zeeburgereiland housing district."

Although this is not the proposed development of the typology for this hypothosis, it can be taken as a good example of the development of typology tobecome part of the third architectural typology described by Vidler.

3rd typology 021 type+typology+transformation

defining type + typology

This study investigates the relevance and importance of the silo as an existing typology. Key objectives of this study would be the exploration of this existing type and the significant constituents of elements in this structure and the function thereof. Ultimately, this should apprise the generators for this particular dissertation of the possibility of informing future development in this field of study.

Full comprehension of the evolvement in architectural type and typology is of the essence, to grasp the need for development of this specific typology. Vidler (1977, p7) defines the historical development in the production of architecture in terms of three distinct typologies. The first is the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment that was originally developed by AbbĂŠ Laugier, centralising the natural basis of design as to be taken from the model of the primitive hut. It is argued that this architectural typology was based on basic need, as Laugier theorised that human beings wanted nothing more than to be protected from the sun and the storms. Subsequently, the first silos identified within this typology served only their immediate environment in which they were placed, and were based on basic needs of the patrons in this context as illustrated in Figure 16.

fig 17. grain infrasturcture in the 1st typology. by author

fig 18. grain infrasturcture in the 2nd typology on local scale. by author

The second typology, according to Laugier, was developed as a result of the need for mass production at the end of the nineteenth century. Le Corbusier describes this as the proposal that identifies the model for architectural design within the process of production Vidler (1977, p7). In terms of this, we can identify the development of the silo, where the fundamentals for the model of design were adapted to the need and the function facilitated in the typology.

It can be argued as the development from a singular storage entity informed by rational science that follows similar principles in design to that of the primitive hut. Into the industrial typology that facilitates the need for mass production aligning with the firm belief of technological production as described by Vidler, (1977, p8).

From here, a series of studies were carried out to determine in which architectural typology the silo is currently placed.

022 fig 19. grain infrasturcture in the 2nd typology on global scale. by author

fig 20. seed storage as a type to determine the structure, form, and function of the architectual type - collage by author

023

fig 21. development/silo to determine scale layout and process shown in succeeding diagrams -collage by author

024

025 fig 22. exploration of layout, process and scale of the silo to deterimine the transformation of the new typology. collage by author

026

need This establishes the background to the evolution of architectural typology and the development of the silo. However, the need for transformation is only identified in the third typology, defined below.

In their writings Sergio Bettini (Zodiac no 5) and G. K König questioned the value of typology in architecture. According to them, a “type” must be treated as a schema of spatial articulation which has been formed in response to a totality of practical and ideological demands.

Essentially, this demonstrates the need for the architectural type to respond to the immediate demand while still accommodating the current production processes that it facilitates. This brings the exploration of the silo/grain elevator into the third typology.

If Vidler (1977, [10]) describes the latter as a typology not to be built up out of separate elements, nor assembled out of objects classified according to use, social ideology or technical characteristics, it then stands complete and ready to be decomposed into fragments. May it then be argued that the same conclusion might be drawn when comparing this classification to the architectural typology of a silo/grain elevator? (Figure 23)

“ the area of pure intition must be based in a knowledge of past solutions applied to related problems, and that creation is process of adapting forms derived either from past needs or past aestetic ideologies to the needs of the present” fig 23. illustration of fragmentation

-Tomas Maldonado

027

transformation

fig 24.conceptual urban proposal bu Eriksen Skajaa Architects

“We propose a new development on the site based on sustainable ecological principles and the need for a semi -urban typology that can cater to the dual need of new housing typologies (young/ elderly/ small families) and a restructuring of the local retail economy.”- Haugerud Proposal for EUROPAN 10 Oslo by Eriksen Skajaa Architects

028

According to Vidler (1977[10]), the new typology developed from these fragmentations will not conform to repeating past typological formations neither will it re-invent institutional type-forms. He describes the transformation as a process of reassembling these fragmentations according to criteria derived from three levels of meaning: the first, inherited from the ascribed means of the past existence of the forms; the second, derived from the specific fragment and its boundaries, and often criss-crossing between previous types and the third, proposed by a re-composition of these fragments in a new context.

Consequently, this process of fragmentation will serve as the element used for the model in the transformation of the silo, to establish a new typology.

“ the idea of an element which should itself serve as a rule for the model” - Quatremère

transformation

conclusion In analysing the silo as part of the third typology, it is concluded that it is an existing type that still aligns with principles identified within the second typology. Although the process is essential to this typology, the question of whether it actively contributes within the boundaries of the third typology and its position within this structure may be asked.

This conceptualises the idea of re-assembling the fragments of this typology within a different context. This, in turn, would contribute to an even greater third typology, inheriting forms of its past existence in order to adhere to the immediate demands of its own user, while challenging the process facilitated within this type so as to inform the model for its new design.

029 fig 25.conceptual illustration of the fragmented silo indicating the possible transformation the typology

fig 26. conceptual illustration of a possible new typology by author

030

architecture embracing transformation this is the investigation into architecture that adapts and responds to the transformation of its contexts and the environment it is placed fig 27. movement in fluid space. Source: (Woods 2009: 1)

With the core rationale of the project being an eco-systemic building approach; nature and its constituting fundamentals provide elements of transformation to create the new model.

The natural environment, as Woods (2009) describes it, is filled with fluids, air and water. These fluids are in constant flux, constantly changing and relentlessly altering the present condition. Humans have adapted, by natural and technological means, not only to inhabit this fluid space, but also to become dependent on the flux and interactions generated by these fluids (Woods, 2009).

Architecture, however, has traditionally served as the anti-fluid, resisting the flow of these fluids to provide shelter from the storm for human beings (Woods, 2009). In analysing this statement by Woods, the conclusion may be drawn that architecture is a static point within the transformation of nature. Relevant precedent to this may be noticed in the design of the Egyptian pyramids, statically withstanding the turbulences of natural fluids.

Transformation, however, being the basis of this hypothesis, requires an architectural typology that would subsequently celebrate the fluidity of space. Taking nature as a precedent where everything is in a state of constant flux, it will embrace time and change to inform its own creation. This would allow it to interact and evolve with its context, continuously transforming itself and the milieu it serves.How does one formalise this notion into an architectural typology?

How does one formalise this notion into an architectural typology?

Woods (2009) describes exceptions to anti-fluidal architecture, such as those of nomadic tented structures, people’s vehicles and mobile homes, which conservatively have not been considered as architecture. He describes this as a result of characteristics not conforming with the model of resistance to the essential fluidity of space, but, nonetheless, celebrating it. This alludes to architecture of movement, a type of architecture that cannot simply imply the movement of elements within the structure, but also the movement of the structure as a whole, from one place to another. This leads to conceptualising a notion that brings nomadic cultures of the past to mind, as well as the architectural typology identified within this movement and the celebration of fluid space.

fluid architecture

031

fig 28. nomadic tent in the hilltops of ethiopia. source: (intothemiddlekingdom.com)

032

fig 29. nomadic hunter gatherers: source: (National Geographic)

Need, being the basis for the design principle for nomadic architecture, ensures that it embodies only the necessities. It allows the assembly and disassembly of these structures to be easy and efficient. As Nora Wendl, Assistant Professor in the Department of Architecture, Portland State University, writes: “Nomads move from place to place very purposefully in search of the things that sustain them—food, water, and other resources. For the necessarily nomadic, it is often the case that the ways in which temporary, nomadic architectures are constructed will echo the methods by which the nomadic body itself is adorned and protected—to wit, the thick woollen waistcoats worn by nomadic herdsmen tied around their bodies like the wrapping of felt mats around the framework of the home.”(Towards Nomadic Architecture, 2012)

principles of nomadic architecture///

The LOCUST presents the opportunity to apply these principles and embody similar design characteristics. It will make use of the migrating silo which ‘grazes’ through the productive landscape to gather harvested grain whilst incorporating the fluidic landscape as a source of energy. (Figure 28) These migration patterns, as Kronenberg explains, will be similarly determined to those of nomads: by the climatic conditions within the perimeters of their territory (2002, p 17).

By incorporating the fluidic landscape as a source of energy throughout the entire design, the LOCUST will live off the land and serve as part of the productive landscape that it is placed within.

Fragmentation of respective processes and systems in the new typology allows the design to embody a minimalistic approach, using only the necessary energies to complete its process.

“…the nomad not only passes through the land but 033

t 034 energy harvesting wahter weel in river

main movement shaft propeller

aditives grazing path

silage storage

mixing bowl

bucket elevator

feet for walking

silo/grain storage

energy harvesting windmills

NOMAD

fig 30: migrating silo (NOMAD), by author

lives off it and must be receptive to its nuances.�

kronenberg (2002, p 14)

movement in the fluidic landscape/// Building on the concept of remodelling the architectural typology of the silo, movement has been identified as one of the governing elements that will determine the design intent. It is therefore argued that the spatial implications of movement and the effects these will have on the design should be investigated. This, in turn, will determine how movement will be translated into a new architectural typology.

Gideon (1967) defined the term, “space time”, to describe the spatial unit as being subject to movement itself. This implies shifting the definition of the static object to the moving subject.

Hence “the spatial units - or rather no longer units - would enter into successive alignments, dissolving the possibility of unitary identity implied by the notion of the room or module.”

(Schumacher, 1996).

By arguing that the movement of fluids is the predominant source of energy, the spatial definition of the LOCUST will be subjective to the movement of the fluidic landscape. Therefore, by allowing the building to incorporate kinetic energy identified in the fluid landscape, it will be used to define the spatial arrangement of facilities that house processes within the LOCUST. Consequently, these fluidic movements will also determine the form and spatial definition of each facility. This allows the structure not only to facilitate the processes that it houses but also to feed off the land and be receptive to its nuances. This alludes to a more nomadic cultivation approach as proposed by Kronenberg (2002, p 14).

fig 31. moving spatial units, The Fun Palace, Cedric Price source: (http://hacedordetrampas.blogspot.com/)

035

the building will nestle itself in the Vaal River to optimise the integration of the fluidic landscape adjusting itself with the level of the river.

when flooding occurs the building retracts itself from dangerous waterlevels to protect itself whilst stil utelising the energy generated by the movement of the fluid landscape

036

fig 32. fluid architectural principles of the LOCUST by author

the architecture itself and the process that it embodies should be defined by the space that it moves through and the space that moves through it

Embracing fluidity of space can also be identified as celebration of the environment or context.This implies the response the building would have to the transformation of its context, that of fluid space, and how it would resemble this transformation. One form of representation or rather celebration could be in the materiality of the architectural manifestation itself. Its own weaknesses and deformation would be a symbol that serves as a documentation of transition through time that has been sculptured by the fluidity of nature. “Such an architecture is one that understands its placement, role and responsibility in relation to the past, present and future. By being engaged in a constant transformative process, the project frees itself from the restrictive boundaries of “old city” vs. “new city,” or “historical” vs. “contemporary”.”

- (He,G 2009, p 3) the LOCUST will embody these principles in materiality by incorporating materials that transform in colour and texture over time.

fig 33. rustic country music studio- new source: ( www.trendir.com )

fig 34. rustic country music studio- 5 years later source: ( www.trendir.com )

037 Embracing transformation ///

038 fig 35. rustic silos source: (http://bloodfilledlungs.deviantart.com/)

Woods raises the issue that the architecture of movement nevertheless draws attention to the concern of social instability. Without any coherent location or site, the development of cohesive and coherent communities of people seems impossible (Woods, 2009, p 2).

However, he compares this model of society influenced by mobile architecture to that of the internet, where ephemeral electronic systems of communication act as the connection between diverse people and places, serving as a ‘lateral’ non-hierarchical system of order. It can be described as a network of constantly shifting centres occupied by individuals who come and go unpredictably.

Although there would be no hierarchical chain of command, the network would still exist and function as a whole.

This could only come about as a result of the collaborative efforts of all the constituents of this network, as seen in the architectural counterpart of Archigram’s “The Walking Cities” where the “nomadic lifestyle promotes the collaboration of different cultures and information. This is mainly achieved by the concept of structures being able to “plug-into” utilities and information networks” – (Sutherland 1992, P8).

The LOCUST in analogue will serve its environment similarly with a set up network of established nuclei. These nuclei have constituents that contribute to the network as a whole therefore allowing the system to function as a whole.

With each constituent partaking there will always be deliverables for the others within the network.

Implications of movement

fig 36. walking cities source: (www.seasteading.org)

039

“This would also enable the project to eradicate the concept of boundaries to a specific site location. The project might instead treat its site as simply a point of arrival that can be mined for its own existing collection of narratives and transformations, from which the intervention will begin to apply its existence and influence in a way that attempts to be more than just a footprint or bookmark in time, but instead taps into the genius loci, the true nature of the site by becoming synergistic with its context and the passing of time, as opposed to resisting it.” – (He,2009, p 3)

bloemhof

bloemhof dam

N12

vaal river

christiana

fig 37. LOCUST network and its constituents, by author

040

incorporation of movement

In addition to celebrating transformation and fluidity of space, these natural elements may also determine movement itself. By embracing said fluidity of space and incorporating these natural elements in the transformation from static to kinetic it will allow the LOCUST to utilize the energy housed in these fluids.

As Woods (2009, p3) states, our existence has become dependent on the utilisation of these fluids.

fig 38. water wheel to cature the kinetic energy housed in the fludic nature of water source: (famouswonders.com)

The energy found in the fluidic landscape will serve as the primary source of energy in the building and will be transformed with kinetic systems that incorporated the movement of the fluidic landscape to complete the process that’s housed within the facility.

041

systems

nt

VAAL RIVER

gravity propelled conveyor belts kinetic energy of river harvested with water wheel

042

fig 39. examples of applied kinetic systems in LOCUST

conclusion

If an architectural typology that celebrates and embraces the fluidity of space is created, it would have the ability to fragment the processes of harvesting, distributing and storing grain whilst minimalising the energy depletion in agricultural food cultivation.

This new typology would then serve part of a holistic cultivation system similar to a natural eco system. Where every constituent to the system is an integral part of the network, positively contributing to each other.

043

on

044

fig 40. conceptual illustration of movement and connections in a fluidic landscape, by author

precedents045

0

STRANDBEEST

MODULAR SHELTERS

HORIZON HOUSES

03 046

STRANDBEEST

fig 41. anchored STRANDBEEST. source: (www.strandbeest.com)

fig 42. STRANDBEEST. source: www.pieces-at-random.com

The STRANDBEEST displays principles for the design of a kinetic model simulating the natural environment through bio-mimicry. This investigation analysed the movement of the beast and the systems it uses to function.

The beast’s movement simulates that of walking, which makes it easier to navigate over difficult terrain.

It uses kinetic energy generated from wind in the fluidic landscape for it to survive. This energy creates movement within beast and can also be stored to allow the beast to survive even when there is an ebb in natural energy resources. However the structural stability of these creatures are still questionable as they have only the ability to support their own weight.

These “creatures” serve as valid precedents in the development of the new typology, generating principles of bi-mimicry and the mechanisation of movement that is applied in the design of the LOCUST.

fig 43. STRANDBEEST wind movement. source: www.strandbeest.com

theo jansen

047 fig 48. illustration of the STRANDBEEST. source: (www.strandbeest.com)

principles to apply

fig 44. kinetic energy generated by using wind

fig 45. gears and mechanisations used to transfer energy

fig 46. walking motion of the beast

048

fig 47. storing of energy fig 44-47 by author

to processing systems

The LOCUST will make use of this principle by integrating turbines on its collector pods to capture kinetic energy in the form of wind. This energy will be used to retrieve and deliver harvested crop.

The energy harvested will then be transferred into processing systems that use mechanical gears to transfer loads. These systems will form part of the production process and will be integrated in the main facility as well as the collector pods.

The walking motion of the beast is also integrated in the collector pods, as this is the most sufficient way of navigating the difficult terrain that is found next to the Vaal River.

Similar to the STRANDBEEST, energy will be stored and redistributed at later stages as a result of fluxating natural resources due to seasonal climatic patterns.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY MODULAR SHELTERS

jones I partners

049 fig 50. illustration of the modular shelters by author

fig 49. modular shelters. source: (JPA)

“The Stanford Utility Kiosk system assembly prototype is an expansive distillation of the architectural elements traditionally elucidated by the primitive hut exercise. It deploys an emphatic, but straightforward, expression to mark space rather than shelter. The actual programmatic requirement for protection from the elements is served by a secondary system, as are the more specific requirements that turn the system into, say, a bike rack or bus shelter.

The primitive hut demonstrates the essential distance between existence and expression that a project interested in essence must negotiate and record; the kiosk understands this as an exhortation to constrain the excess necessary for expression to the axis of purpose alone.�- (JPA. 1996. ) These shelters question the definition of necessity and function of space and shelter in the traditional sense. Their designs apply different systems to meet requirements of each element in necessity and function focussing more on the purpose alone. It is argued that similar principles of design will be applied in the design of the LOCUST focusing on the purpose and the need. The structure is therefore designed to serve only the process and in turn determines the spatial definition of each facility. Precedent is also found in materiality of these structures taking lead from 050robustness and functionality of the materials applied.

HORIZON HOUSES

fig 51. block house source: (www.http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/) fig 52. section throug star house. source: (www.http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/)

lebbeus woods

051

The investigation into perpetual architecture is influenced by the drawings and designs of Lebbeus Woods. He investigates the possibility that architecture could create its own horizon as seen in these examples of the Wheel house, the Star and the Block house. In these designs, Woods focuses on the ability of architecture to move and adapt to its environment, creating new spaces within the design, each time questioning the impact these altering spaces would have on their inhabitants.

It is proposed that these structures propel themselves to move from one location to the next with the use of hydraulics.

fig 54

fig 55

fig 53. invert of section through star house by author

lessons learned

With this analysis consideration is taken to the effect movement in vertical and horizontal planes will have on the spatial quality and definition experienced by the patron to the building. It alludes to the notion of “space time” as defined by Gideon where spatial units would enter into successive alignments at different intervals and therefore dissolve the possibility of a unitary identity. Similar to this the spatial definition of the LOCUST will constantly be shifting to accommodate the ebb of the fluidic landscape and the incorporation of fluids into functioning production systems.

Consequently the spatial definition in the design will be informed by the movement of the fluidic landscape to create and define “space time” for the custodians to the facility.

fig 56

fig 57

052

fig 54-58 horizon houses by lebbeus woods source: (http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/)

fig 58

053

case study

fig 48. modular shelters. source: (JPA)

054 fig 59. ppc cement production plant by author

PPC CEment production plant PPC Cement production plant is situated on the western peripheries of Pretoria and serves as the company’s headquarters, it yields 70% of South-Africa’s total production volume.

The study was conducted to analyse the spatial relationship of an architectural typology housing a production process and the relationship between system, process and facility.

Deliverables

technology With the technological revolution a surge in new development of operating systems forced the facility to progress with the movement and replace their control systems with computer operated controllers.

fig 60. tranditional operating system

CONTROLS

However from an operating perspective it was noted that this resulted in numerous issues regarding start up times of processing systems and the easy with which issues were resolved in any occurrence.

This as a result of new technology that compacted the overall controller view over a few computer screens, where in the past it was viewed as a parallel system. This gave the operators a clear view of the whole production system and allowed them to control the whole process with ease.

It is therefore noted that operating systems in the LOCUST will align with new technologies but should coherently function with the production process. It should run parallel to create a clear view of the system as a whole and allow the operaters to achieve maximum production capacity out of the system.

fig 61. parallel control panel

055

Deliverables

DISORIENTATION As a patron to the facility a sense of disorientation was also noted, this is as a result of interlinking produc-tion facilities and a process driven design approach to spatial arrangements.Although the LOCUST will be a process driven architectural resolution the spatial arrangement and definition should be in such a manner that user and visitor to the facility should have a clear knowledge and understanding of their orientation.

This will be achieved by creating open working spaces that allows operators to have a clear view of functioning systems whilst pathways and movement routes will be marked with hierarchical elements to orientate the patrons in each facility. Raised pathways and viewing decks also allow the observer to view the process from a vantage point with minimal overlapping/ intrusion with the actual working space of the functioning systems. These design approaches should ensure that each patron uses the facility to its maximum capacity. fig 62. conglomeration walkways and bridges

Robustness

Materiality of structures throughout the facility was of a robust nature to handle the volume and nature of the product that has to be processed.

Figure 60 indicates the mill processing 160 tons of gravel per minute and subsequently has to be able to handle this volume and the impact the material has on the system.

It is argued then that the LOCUST will need to adhere to similar properties in materiality and structure as it would facilitate analogous production systems.

fig 63. gravel mill

056

context 057

0

approach

analysis

genius loci

PROPOSAL

04 058

fig 64-70 extrapolation excersice communicating site selection. by author (http://www.southafricanweather.co.za/)

/// VEGETATION MAP

/// ANUAL RAINFALL

Woods (2009, p2) claims that the natural environment is filled with fluids, air and water, that are in constant flux, updating the present condition.

determining fluid space

NORTH

/// PROPOSED WIND/ SOLAR DEVELOPMENT SITES ( CSIR )

/// MAIN ROADS > RAILWAY > PROVINCE CAPITAL

/// MAXIMUM SOLAR GAIN MAP

/// AVERAGE TEMPERATURE MAP

Nomads, considered as a group, are constantly moving in an endless search for food and other resources to sustain themselves. Consequently, it would be impossible to determine a specific site location that could be defined as their home. In the same way, with the LOCUST, its collectors is proposed to be constantly moving, so as to collect resources that would provide it with the energy needed to sustain itself. In previous chapters, these resources have been identified as natural fluids in the form of air, water and grain. Therefore in the process of determining a location to introduce this intervention, it becomes imperative to identify a site that permits the optimal incorporation of these fluids.

Figures 54 to 59 illustrate a study that was performed to identify locations in South Africa that house these ideal conditions. In each instance, an extrapolation was carried out that connects these locations to the specific field of study.

059

APPROACH

When overlaying these extrapolations, it becomes obvious that the major concentration occurs on the northern boundaries of the Free State where it connects with the North West Province. Available statistics (Stats SA.2009) highlight these two provinces as the main contributors in the agricultural sector, with the highest crop volume and animal trading industry. (Graph 6) In other words, the identified study area represents the greatest potential of natural fluids being transferred into kinetic energy. It is argued that the introduction of the LOCUST will result in a considerable energy saving when delivering this volume of crops whilst serving pastoral farmers with feed.

fig 71. extrapolation conclusion and overlay to deterimine site region by author

Within this identified area the proposed site is situated on the embankments of the Vaal River. The 56km long artery runs parallel to the N12 between Christiana and Bloemhof.

These two towns present the opportunity for the design to “plug into� the existing network of agricultural infrastructure.

bloemhof

bloemhof dam

N12

The notion of the design being the transformation of the silo, thus becoming an active component to the third typology, necessitates a further investigation into site and context. The site and its connections are defined within the greater rural context. The resultant analysis informs the design resolution attempting to recompose the fragmented typology of the silo as part of the third typology.

vaal river

christiana

fig 72. identified site location between bloemhof and christiana by author field crop sales

north west free state

060

site

R2001-3999 mil

animal sales >= R4000mil

>= R5000 mil

graph 5- production statistics in south-africa by author, source of (stats: http://www.statssa.gov.za/- agriculture)

>= R5000mil

bloemhof

bloemhof dam

N12

vaal river

christiana

fig 73. by author

open/ fluid space/ boundaries/ edges This diagram indicates the open spaces on site defined by existing elements namely the Vaal River, the N12 highway and the cultivated landscape. These edges or boundaries define the productive landscape. It is proposed that the route of the LOCUST’s collector pods is established within these open spaces, thus embracing the natural fluids within its context.

As Lynch (1960, p 62), describes edges as linear elements serving as the boundaries between phases. It is – a break in continuity, shores, railroad cuts, edges of development and walls.

061

rural

analysis bloemhof

bloemhof dam

N12

vaal river fig 64 by author

christiana

fig 74. by author

paths The diagram indicates the potential path of movement for the LOCUST’s collector pods between Christiana and Bloemhof. The natural topography of the site serves as the rural counterpart to the urban path that could be described as a channel along which the observer customarily, occasionally, or potentially moves. According to Lynch (1960, p 41) the channels may be streets, walkways, transit lines canals or railroads. Along these paths, different elements are arranged thus interacting with the observer.

062

bloemhof

bloemhof dam

N12

vaal river

christiana

fig 75. by author

Connections/ links “When suitably differentiated within, a district can express connections with other city features. The boundary must now be penetrable: a seam, not a barrier. District may join to district, by juxtaposition, indivisibility, relation to a line, or by some link such as a mediating node, path or small district.�- (Lynch, 1960, p 41). In a similar manner the site is recognised as a district serving as a connecting path between the identified nodes while acknowledging certain structures as landmarks. Therefor the site will connect with other districts and plug into a network of existing agricultural activities.

rural

063

analysis bloemhof

bloemhof dam

N12

vaal river fig 64 by author

christiana

fig 76. by author

paths

064

Lynch (1960, p 41) describes nodes as strategic points in a city allowing the observer to enter, thus allowing focus along the route of travel.

Different examples are primarily junctions, places of a break in transportation, a crossing or convergence of paths, moments of shift from one structure to another. This diagram indicates the nodes identified within the district. Defined by their connections to existing road crossings, the nodes serve as docking stations where farmers are able to collect processed feed. Also serving as landmarks, it will define the site and provide a point of reference to the patrons and visitors of this district.

“Moving elements in a city, and in particular the people and their activities, are as important as the stationary physical parts. We are not simply observers of this spectacle, but are ourselves a part of it, on the stage with the other participants. Most often, our perception of the city is not sustained, but rather partial, fragmentary, mixed with other concerns.� Nearly every sense is in operation, and the image is the composite of them all. - (Lynch, 1960, p 2).

By analysing this site as an analogue of the city, the LOCUST and its constituents will embody the same kinetic characteristics as that of a city and its inhabitants. On a macro scale the discussed elements will be grouped into an overall pattern to define a new agricultural district. This should transform the model of the silo into the new typology serving as part of a new productive agricultural district. By creating this overall pattern it will establish the image of the district and create a legible framework, for all its patrons. fig 77. R59 to Bloemhof. Silos as a landmark in the landscape

065

genius loci

066

bloem

N12

vaal river

christiana 067

rural

proposal

oemhof

bloemhof dam

068 fig 78. proposed site development for the productive landscape

The effective use of the discussed elements should assist in formulising the design resolution on an almost macro scale. This should result in a certain legibility when displaying the architectural interventions that constitute to this new “district�.

Figure 74 depicts the new proposed productive agricultural district.

It indicates the nodes that are established and how they are linked by the path of the LOCUST’s collector pods. These nodes will also serve as docking stations where pastoral farmers can collect feed for their animals and act as landmarks within the framework. It is proposed that one of these nodes will serve as the processing facility for the LOCUST. Specific site selection and analysis will follow to determine certain parameters for the architectural resolution.

fig 79. site selection- superimposition of line, point and surface

Further exploration of the proposed site was done to formalise a point of inception for the LOCUST. It is proposed that this point will serve as the basis for development. From here the design will be integrated with the cultivated landscape to establish a holistic productive landscape.

It implores Bernard Tschumi’s theory of point, line and surface to define this starting point.

Tschumi (Archidose.org, 1999) superimposes these 3 ordering systems to determine a series of calculated tensions establishing a sense of place for the site.

With these drawings - point, line and surface was used to obtain an understanding for the cultivated landscape and assist in the process of defining the site location. It identifies points of interaction between agricultural entities within the parameters of the design as well as the infrastructure and natural topography that defines the cultivated landscape.

069

site

s

fig 80. site selection- superimposition of line, point and surface

By amplifying the scale of the contextual analysis a possible site for the intervention is identified on the embankments of the Vaal River.

The drawing indicates an opportunity for the LOCUST to nestle itself between existing agricultural entities and natural topographical boundaries to attach itself to existing infrastructure and utilize the natural energy resources harvested from the Vaal river.

selection 070

071 fig 81. interpretive graphic of travel distances between indicated destinations

regional analysis Regional analysis also brings to light the opportunity for the design to link with the existing national roadway (N12). It would serve the commuters of this route with alternative energy in the form of bio fuel produced from the productive landscape. The notion of this energy injection is derived by taking precedent from Pertoport Alzu. It is argued that this filling station serves as the midpoint stopping point for travellers commuting on the route between Pretoria and Mbombela. Therefore the LOCUST could serve the same purpose for travellers between Potchefstroom and Kimberly.

072 fig 82. sketch of Petro port Alzu on N4 to Mbombela as an energy efficiency planning precedent

“what if?�

propsal

existingman made The drawing indicates the formalised proposal for the development of the LOCUST and site development for the natural intervention. It is proposed that fig 83 topographical exploration of existing the architectural resolution will attach to existing infrastructure to save energy in the construction process whilst utilising the potential energy of the Vaal River below. It will act fluidic energy as the link between existing fig 84 natural energy resources agricultural infrastructure and the productive landscape.

From here new points of activation will be established in the landscape. These points will be developed to serve part of the intervention, injecting new energy into the cultivation potential fluidic process therefore fig 85 utilising existing energy harvesting minimalizing the entropy described by Woods, in the cultivation process. linear arrangement hierarchal topgraphical of process termination termination The conceptual layout of the design focus on a linear arrangement of production process across the span of the bridge, to utilise the existing structure and access the fluidic fig 86 conceptual exploration scale,form, layout and structure energy of the river. By using a linear arrangement the LOCUST should express movement, extension and growth (Ching, 1943, p 207). This growth will be focused by terminating some of the processes in the natural topography and using landmark hierarchical elements on either sides of the river. fig 87 conceptual drawing of the LOCUST

site

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

fig 88. master framework

landmark/ water tower link to existing silos bio feul filling station energy harvesting silage production harvest collector link silage collection point/ produce market auction kraals entrance to develoment landmark/ tower animal feed delivery

point from field harvest collector docking station energy harvesting point in river animal feed delivery

point from field feed delivery point for farmers

073

wer

1 2

on

3

nk oint/

ment

y

4

12

point

y

5

6

for

7

11 8

10 9

12

14

074

13

analysis

the following drawings indicate an exploration of the site.

It shows certain oppertunities and constrains that were identified on site as well as climatic conditions that will influence the final resloution of the design.

075 fig 89

fig 90

076

site

analysis

077 fig 91

The drawing indicates a conceptual spatial arrangement and layout of the LOCUST as a result of critical site analysis. It is proposed that the facility will connect to the existing infrastructure serving that serves as the link between the productive landscape and the formalised development of Bloemhof.

Structures are arranged to link perpendicular to the bridge using existing structure to support the new facility. In turn this allows the Locust maximum harvesting energy capacity of the river’s fluidic energy.

It also shows the proposed connection of the processing facility with the productive landscape and where its connection points will be.

078

proposal fig 92

site

0

design paramaters 079

brief

programme

accomodation

05 080

This chapter concludes previous chapters presents the specific design resolution

brief The architectural resolution should reflect the successful transformation of static typologies used within the agricultural sector to harvest, store and distribute food into a more kinetic model. This will be achieved by altering the existing silo, identified within the second typology, in order to integrate it within the third typology described by Anthony Vidler. The design applies the principles of the latter typology, using the city as a model of development for the new typology. Therefore the LOCUST will de-compose elements of the existing typology and re-assemble them into a new context.

In turn the process embodied by the LOCUST will determine the programme for the design itself, while the seamless integration of the intervention into fluid space will inform the architectural and functional requirements for the new typology.

081

082

fig 93 illustration, static to kinetic by author

brief

The programme of the LOCUST is determined by the existing production processes that the design aims to transform. These include the harvesting, storage and distribution of food. The mentioned processes are individually analysed and reconstructed to constitute to a singular entity that will embody all these processes.

083 fig 94 illustration of the complete production process of agrricultural cultivation

Harvesting can be better defined as the process of grain collection. Historically, this was carried using manual labour; however, as a result of technological evolution, mechanical ‘beasts now ‘graze’ over cultivated land, collecting large volumes of yield. The harvests are then transferred from the grain collector to a nearby truck following the grain collector along its journey until it reaches full capacity. This load is then transported to a regional silo where the grain is graded, processed and stored for distribution and trading.

084 fig 95 illustration of the agrricultural cultivation process

programme

HARVESTING

storage When the grain is delivered to the facility, it is transferred into different compartments within the silo, according to the grade and proposed use. This grain is later re-distributed using trucks, trains and boats to deliver it to the required markets.

distribution

programme

This process forms the integral link between the harvested grain, the silo and the user of the processed crop. Processed grains are distributed using trucks, trains and boats generally traveling vast distances to deliver this grain.

fig 96 illustration of the process within a silo

085

conclusion

<<< fig 97 illustration of the productive landscape with an energy injection and its diliverables

086

It can be concluded that the successful implementation of the LOCUST will be fragments of these production processes established in a productive network of agricultural cultivation. Nonetheless for the intervention to be successful the design will have to embody all these processes whilst still accommodating current volumes of production. It is proposed that these fragments will be active constituents to the cultivation process. They will therefore be strategically placed within the productive landscape to assist in completing these processes using the fluidic landscape as a source of energy. However as Woods (2009, p 2) states: â&#x20AC;&#x153;the entropy of a system will increase unless new energy is injected into the systemâ&#x20AC;?. Therefore these initiatives alone wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t ensure that energy depletion in the cultivation process will decline and it is proposed that an alternative energy resource should be injected into the cultivation system.

This conceptualises the notion of bio-fuel and silage production respectively as a form of energy for transportation and pasturing animals.

silage

As a result the processes of bio-fuel and silage production were investigated to determine how this would define the new typology of the LOCUST

087 fig 98 illustration of the production process of silage

bio-fuel

conclusion

The exploration determined that both processes employ similar processing systems in to produce their respective products, this as a result of silage being one of the secretions of bio-fuel production.

Consequently it is proposed that the LOCUSTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s will facilitate the production processes of ethanol plant to produce both silage and bio-fuel that will serve as the energy injection into the productive landscape.

088 fig 99 illustration of the production line of ethanol production

01

02

recieving | stockin | milling

proccessing | control | storage | dat recovery silo storage data collection - offices processing shed public viewing deck storage workshop deliveries + collections

docking station temporary grain storage receiving bins control room workshop storage - equipment + rainwater storage - solar energy

04

FERMENTATION | RECIEVING DOSING AND MIXING OF ADDITIVEs receiving â&#x20AC;&#x201C; additives data collection fermentation chambers boardroom laboratories

6b

05

DISTILLATION

distillation columns data collection - offices control room

6c

MOLUCULAR SIEVE

RESEARCH

sieve data collection - offices control room

data processing offices controll room storage silo

03

MASHING | LIQUIFICATION mashing pit

6a CENTERFUGE

centerfuge sieve data collection - offices control room

7A

STOCKING | LOUDOUT | PACKAGING - silage ddgs receiving bins controll dock processing floor - weigh station - packaging - palleting

089

accomodation

ethanol storage bins administratio offices controll dock filling station - filling platform - cafe - public viewing area

08

7b 6c processing facility

LOADOUT DISTRIBUTION - ethanol

Silage and ethanol production

7b

6b 6a

It is proposed that the LOCUST will systematically be integrated in the productive landscape and therefore focusses on an architectural resolution that facilitates ethanol and silage production.

However for this dissertation the design resolution will only focus on silage production as the architectural response whilst broadly outlining ethanol production in form, scale and layout as contextual reference for the design.

The program and accommodation consequently also serves as a design generator for the architecture and will be developed in the succeeding chapters.

090

01

05 03

02

staff qauters public viewing decks basement parking

fig 100 illustration of the production line facilitated in the LOCUSTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

human resources

04

conceptual development091

0

concept

parti

site interventions

NOMAD

design pallet

LOCUST

06 092

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;...it then stands complete and ready to be decomposed into fr

093

to fragments...â&#x20AC;&#x2122;â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

concept

fig 101 conceptual graphic of the static to kinetic transformation of the silo

094

The transformation of static agricultural infrastructure to serve as a resilient and productive agro-pastoral CULTIVATION framework, using eco-systemic design principles.

fig 102 parti diagram exploration by author

The parti diagram depicts the transformation of the existing static typology of the silo into a kinetic model. It explores the structural arangement of all the elements within the design, on the site level as well as translating this into a conceptual spatial arrangement for the interventionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposed framework. It proposes a main axis that will serve as a formal arranement for kinetic movement whilst linking it to the proposed framework and existing infrustructure.

initiating movement

formalising the framework

establising potential inertia

natural topogrophy heart movement odering principle link

fig 103 parti diagram on site level

095

formalising the framework

096

fig 104 parti diagramon framework/ district level

framework

r59 to b

loe m

ho

f

In the conceptual development of the LOCUST it is argued that the proposed intervention should be the successful reassembly of decomposed elements of the silo in a productive cultivation framework. These elements were identified as the processes of harvesting, distributing and storage of grain from the productive landscape. In turn this brought forward the notion of the NOMAD that would graze through the productive landscape and collect harvested grain.It is proposed that it would have designated nodes serving as docking stations for the machine to deliver and collect the grain from.

bri dge

vaal river

te

a

m

r59

productive landscape

to h

oo

pst a

d

no

ou dr

legend

The following diagrams depict the exploration of these docking stations and their specific functions served within the LOCUST. 3 grain harvester 1

2

temporary silo 2

4

grain transfer system 3 NOMAD 4

1

perspective link with THE NOMAD

097 fig 105 conceptual sketch of the NOMAD collecting grain

r59 to b

loe m

ho

f

site interventions

bri dge

vaal river

te

a

m

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temporary silo

ou dr

temporary silo 2

r59

productive landscape

plan

to h

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d

rain water tank 3 solar energy battery storage 4 feeding pen 5

legend

3 4 2 5 3

2

1

perspective 4

link with feeding shed 1

098 fig 106 conceptual sketch of a feeding shed connected to a crop field

5

f ho loe m to b r59 bri dge

vaal river

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plan plough 1 pivot 2

6

retractable planter 3 wheel/ navigation system 4

5

sprinkler irrigation 5 energy/ control system 6 3

perspective 2

cultivation system

4

1

099 fig 107 conceptual sketch of the LOCUSTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cultivation system that plants, cultivates, and harvests grain.

f ho loe m to b r59 bri dge

vaal river

te

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1

2

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r59

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to h

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pst a

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6 5

plan control room 1 temporary holding pen 2 feeder box 3 auction holding pen 4 public viewing deck 5 feeder box 6

perspective auction house

0100 fig 108 conceptual sketch of a auction house in the LOCUSTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s framework

legend

Fig. 109: conceptual sketch of the NOMAD collecting and distributing

Fig. 110: conceptual sketch of the process in the NOMAD

Fig. 111: conceptual sketch of the process in the NOMAD

In turn this lead to the conceptual development of the NOMAD. The spatial arrangement was informed by conceptualising the layout in a graphical representation of what the author perceived the migrating silo to be, both in plan and in perspective. This graphic results from the visualisation process in formulating the design. It identifies elements of the production line in colour and form while arranging them to structure the process within the system, to define the conceptual spatial resolution for the author. From here, the design was explored and formalised to determine the final design synthesis for the NOMAD.

NOMAD 0101

0102

Fig. 112: conceptual illustration of the NOMAD

receiving bin

harvesting

storage

energy collection/ movement

navigation

0103

NOMAD

0104

0105

Fig. 114: illustration of the NOMAD on its migrational path over obsticles on its route

0106

0107

Fig. 115: illustration of the NOMAD harvesting fluidic energy from river

0108

silage The diagram depicts the processes of harvesting, distribution and storing of grain incorporated in the design of the NOMAD. It also indicates how the process of silage of production will be completed within the system.

silage 0109

silage

plan of process

0110 Fig. 116: illustration of the NOMADâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s processing systems

perspective of process

Fig. 117: illustration of the NOMADâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s processing systems

0111

tems

0112

0113 Fig. 118: section of the NOMADâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy harvesting systems

embracing fluidity of space to generate kinetic energy

0114 Fig. 119: section of the NOMADâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy harvesting systems

process In the preceding chapters it was established that LOCUST would be constituted out of a network of agricultural cultivation activities, with the NOMAD serving these nuclei by collecting and distributing harvested grain within this framework. One of these nodes being the processing facility of the LOCUST. This facility also serves as the proposed architectual resolution for this dissertation.

It is proposed that the existing bridge will be used as a linear organising principle to arange the prosed processing systems along the axis of the bridge.

plan

Fig. 121: conceptual arrangement along a linear axis of the bridge

It is argued that the program of this facility would be determined by silage and ethanol production. In turn this programme and its processes were used to define the spatial arrangement of the processing facility on the proposed site. The following diagrams are used to document the exploration undergone by the author in the process of defining the final desing reslotion for this facility.

In the conceptual development of the LOCUST the existing bridge linking North West and the Freestate serves as the point of inception for this intervention. This structure wil be integrated into the processing facilityand will be the stereotomic anchoring of the design to the site.

plan

Fig. 122: exploration of processes along bridge axis

0115

section Fig. 120: sketch of the existing bridge at Bloemhof linking Freestate and North West provinces over the Vaal river

design pallet

plan Fig. 123: exploration of processes along bridge axis

0116 plan

Fig. 124: exploration of processes along bridge axis

0117

Process was identified as one of the principle design generators in the development of this facility and was therefore used to explore form, structure and scale. These images depict conceptual models that were built to assist the author in formalizing a final architectural resolution. From here the succeeding design development illustrations will explain how process informed the tectonics of the proposal.

0118

design pallet

/form

process

centrifuge centrifuge

study area

plan Fig. 125: conceptual layout of production process over bridge

0119

storage containers from NOMAD

It is proposed that the NOMAD mills overhead crane drops harvested grain on its migration route grain into receiving as part of the production process and bins then deliver this produce to processing facility The receiving shed should therefore receiving bins have a platform for the NOMAD to gravity conveyor wheel unload produce that it has collected. In turn the structure will also have a long span roof for an unobstructed working conveyor platform. The processing systems will be controlled by a manually operated platform for NOMAD overhead crane using fluidic energy perspective from the river.

Fig. 126: conceptual 3d of receiving shed

energy harvesting water wheel in river

receiving shed

link into building

transfered into processing system gravity conveyor transporting grain from receiving bins conveyor to processing shed

e

Fig. 127: conceptual plan of receiving shed

0120

plan

legend

1

public walway processing silos

packaged ddgs The processing shed serves as the main facility for the production process. It will be the hub between all processes and activities within the facility. Here silage/ ddgs will be processed and packaged to be distributed. The structure attaches to the spine of the intervention in form of a movement corridor spanning the length of the bridge. In turn this link facilitates the movement of public, staff and services over the river.To accommodate processing equipment and a unobstructed workspace it is proposed that this facility will also be a large open volume with adjacent entities attaching to it.

solar screen service duct/ conveyor system existing bridge

Section

Fig. 128: conceptual section of processing shed

energy harvesting water wheel in river

view

service duct/ conveyor system solar screen processing silos

proseesing shed

ddgs receiving bins control rooms conveyor from receiving shed processing floor storage

deliveries / collection

legend plan

2/7a

Fig. 129: conceptual plan of processing shed

0121

perforated mashing bowl weight pulleys

concrete basin

river Fig. 130: conceptual perspective of mashing pit

perspective

The mashing pit is the liquefaction of milled produce in the production process. It is proposed that water from the river will be incorporated in this process. Therefore the base of this facility is partially submerged in the river.

Produces is dropped into the perforated mashing bowl which is lowered into the concrete basin. When the liquefaction is complete the fluid is drained and excess solids are disposed of.

river

MAShing pit

concrete basin

perforated mashing bowl weight pulleys

Fig. 131: conceptual plan of receiving shed

0122

plan

legend

3

fermentation tanks

movement core The liquefied produce from the mashing pit is stored here in fermentation tanks until the secreted ethanol and water mixture is transferred to distillation columns. The facility utilizes energy from the river to transfer materials between processing systems. A flood prevention system enables the facility to float when flooding occurs.

water wheel/ energy harvesting laboratories

river

Section

Fig. 132: conceptual section of fermentation shed

river movement core

fermentation shed

fermentation tanks control room laboratories boardroom open deck

legend plan

4

Fig. 133: conceptual plan of fermentation shed

0123

distilation column

Distilation is done by heating the ethanol and water mixture in friction heaters.

The mixture then evaporates and is cooled down by running water from the river over the systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s run off pipes.

Water is elevated from the river using a bucket elevator generating energy from the river.

gas feed from friction heaters

0124

Fig. 134: conceptual section of a distilation column wiith water being run over gas pipes

section

distilation columns

water from river to condensate gasses

legend

5

In the centrifuge ethanol segregations are separated and then dried to produce ddgs/ silage . This is achieved by spinning the mixture at high speed until fluids with different densities are separated.

It is proposed that the facility use the energy of the river to complete this process and is therefore placed directly over the river.

From here the silage is transported back to the processing shed to be packaged and distributed.

viewing deck monitoring facility

spinning centerfuge drum

water wheel/ energy harvesting

centrifuge

river

legend plan

6a

Fig. 135: conceptual perspective of the centerfuge accesing the rivers energy to complete its processes

0125

0126

Fig. 136-137: conceptual illustrations of the structural

development the public viewing deck.

section

receiving shed

Human resources are defined by staff quarters and public viewing interfaces.

This facility attaches itself to the existing bridge for structural support and can be defined by its use of tectonic forms and materiality.

legend

8

1

recieving | stockin | milling

2

proccessing | control | storage | dat recovery

3

MASHING | LIQUIFICATION

4

FERMENTATION | RECIEVING DOSING AND MIXING OF ADDITIVEs

5

distillation

6a

CENTERFUGE- silage

6b

molecular sieve- Ethanol

6c

research

7a

STOCKING | LOUDOUT | PACKAGING - silage

7b

LOADOUT DISTRIBUTION - ethanol

8

human resources

7b

6c 6b 6a 3 5

7a

4 MOLUCULAR SIEVE

1

RESEARCH

2 8

Fig. 138: final conceptual layout of processes over bridge

0127

R59

to b loe mh of

process

ETH

ANO

RES E

ARC

MO

LUC

ULA

VAAL RIVER/ FLUIDIC ENERGY

L

HL

RS

AB

IEV

E

CE

NTE RFU G

E

6a

DIS TIL CO ATION LUM NS

5

3 TEMPORARY STOCKING BINS

INS

MA

REC EIV ING B

SHIN GP IT

STO CKIN

G/ LO

2

PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE

to h

oop

SILAGE INDUSTRIAL FARM AND AUCTION HOUSE

R59

0128

stad

RECEIVING BINS

8 ERS

NG

FERMENTATION SHED

UA RT

LI

4

7a

STA FF Q

STO RAG E

ADO UT/ PAC KA

IL

SILO

M

grain harvester

GIN G

BIN S

1

SILAGE

Fig. 139: diagramatical layout of processes and their functions

DD

GS

NOMAD

0129 Fig. 140: conceptual plan processing facility

plan

6c

5

6b

4 7a

2

8

7b 6a 3

1

0130 Fig. 141: conceptual perspective of the processing facility

perspective

fig 143. source: www.imgkid.com

fig 144. source: www.image.3sir.net

fig 145. source: www.slipnot.com

tectonic

fig 142. source: www.slipnot.com

Mentis grating

fig 147. source: www.archiexpo.com

CORTEN STEEL

timber

fig 148. source: www.tonglesteel.com

stereotomic

fig 146. source: www.dreamstime.com

perforated copper

gabian

concrete

mild steel

The LOCUSTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s materiality and structure is informed by both; the process that it facilitates together with the environment that it is placed within. The base is defined by structure and materials with a steriotomic and durable nature to withstand forces imposed on the building and to protect grain handeling equipment when flooding occurs. Consequently they will accommodate the fluidic nature of the river and produce moving through processing systems.

In turn the shell of the facility is defined by tectonic structural systems and lightweight materials to accommodate movement of processing systems and the flow of natural fluids.

materiality + structure

0131

processing silo

0132

conveyor duct

processing floor

fig.149 section through the processing facility of the LOCUST

design pallet

public walkway/ viewing deck

existing bridge

0133 Fig.150. Conceptual illustration of point, line and surface in built form

Fig.151. Conceptual section through the processing facility

Fig.152. Conceptual section through the processing facility

0134

design synthesis 0135

0

07 0136

existing bridge vaal river processing facility proposed development

site plan

0137

0138

basment entrance recieving shed basement recieving bins rainwater harvesting tank pump room access/ fire stair

1 2 3

4 5 6 water wheel 7 courtyard 8 access control 9 processing shed basement 10 staff parking 11 staff quaters entrance 12 handeling grain silo 13 stored grain silo 14 access walkway 15 fermentation enzime deliveries 16 service yard 17 fermentation shed 18 friction heaters 19 mashing pit 20 water wheel 21 distilation columns 22 centrifuge drum 23 access walkway 24 existing bridge above 25 service lift 26

-01 basement 0

5

10

15

20

25m

0139

nt

6 25 23 24 6 6 21

20

19

22

7 14

15

6

18 16

13

3

10

6

17

2 5 8

4 1

0140

9

6

11 26

12

NOMAD docking station 1 temporary harvest storage 2 control room 3 battery room 4 balcony 5 access/ fire stair 6 water wheel 7 workshop 8 planter courtyard below receiving shed entrance loading/ unloading ddgs

9 10 11 12

service lift 13 processing storage 14 handiling grain silo 15 storage grain silo 16 service area 17 ddgs processing floor 18 staff quaters 19 staff parking 20 fermentation shed 21 ddgs recieving bins 22 mashing pit 23 friction heating drums below 24 distilation columns 25 access walkway 26 centrifuge drum 27 bridge above 28 bridge above 29

00 processing 0

5

10

15

20

25m

0141

6 28 27 26 6 6 23

24

25

22 7 16

6

21

17 4 3 5

2

15 6

1 8

0142

18

9

11

14 14 14

6 10 12

20 13

19 29

courtyard below 1 loading dock below 2 water table 3 processing reception below 4 walkway from recieving shed 5 access/ fire stair 6 water wheel 7 processing floor below 8 public viewing deck existing bridge service area handling graing silo

9 10 11 12

service lift 13 processing storage 14 handiling grain silo 15 storage grain silo 16 service area 17 ddgs processing floor 18 staff quaters 19 staff parking 20

01

0

5

10

15

20

25m

public 0143

6 20 19 18 6 6 15 16 14 7 13

6

10

11 8

12

9

5 1

4 2

0144

3

10

9

17

section a

receiving shed

receiving shed

grain distribution conveyor

0145

grain distribution conveyor

transfer

0146

processing shed

existing bridge

staff quaters

0147

section b

0148

processing shed

centrifuge

mashing pit

0149

silos

receiving shed

north west 0150

centrifuge

south east

silos

processing shed

0151

walkway/ link existing bridge

0152

staff quaters

public viewing deck

0153

enzime deliveries

fermentation shed

0154

distilation columns

north east

0155

0156

0157

0158

technical resolution 0159

0

08 0160

AY

LW

RAI

BLOEMHOF

N12

AL VA

VA AL

R59

NORTH WEST

SITE

ER RIV

RI VE R

FREE STATE

AGRICULTURAL LAND

OOP S

TAD

AGRICULTURAL LAND

TO H

0161 LOCALITY PLAN

3056

A

GENERAL NOTES: 20m road

servitude

AB BO UN DAR Y7 1 50 8

30 24 30 22

EN TRA ram NC E p 1:6 @ 0

pub lic w alkw ay

0m brid ge serv itud e 0m brid ge serv itud e

RO AD

staff parking

GROUNDS

DIS PROP TIL O ATIO SED NS HE D

pos wate ition o r wh f eel

remove existing handrail repair and make good

r tra no obst nce ruct ions

Blo em hof

R59 to

39,5 55

12,1 25

10,7 15 1,8 15 9,275

Hoo psta d

serv ic deliv es and erie s

B

2 D01

G

47,040 EF BOUNDARY 47 040

3044

110 m 50 ye pipe m ø u ar flo pvc od lin to e to s fall m sewe epti in 1:4 r c ta sep nk 0 tic ta spe nk as cialis per 46 30 t 58,248

bra a are i a

E

C 3034 3036

3040

S

pub lic w alkw ay p.

ctio ns

5,0 20

30 38

3042

8,004

water table

s.o.

1

1:8

no servic obst ru es

R59 to

soft landscaping as per specialist

R TI O AG N 10 O RIC F ULT DIEP WA UR A T 46 470 L VILL ER 97 FUTURE PROPOSED m² AG AUCTIONING ARENA E JR

AA

9

3,5 75

PH ASE 5

PO

hard landscaping as per specialist

Name :

Rikus Engelbrecht 206115130

A

FG BOUNDARY 57 695

Project description :

F

water tower and bore hole

3,8 95

100 000 datum point marked with iron peg @ 112 595 above sea level on top of bridge

LOCUST_ The Design of a Di Silage Production

existing vegetation 3048

3,0 00

Drawing :

SITE PLAN, LOCALITY PLAN , S.O.P DETAIL

PORTION 15 OF DIEPWATER 97-JR AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE

9,8 00 3050

11,1 10

HI B OU ND ARY 148 212

AA

GH BO UN DA RY 63 836

7,0 45

courtyard

ram p@

soft landscaping as per specialist

water tower

ED

wate r ta ble b no ridge cr obst oss ruct ing ions

ramp @ 1:8

I

6,8 20

PROPOSED FERMENTATION SHED

P STA ROPO FF S QU ED A TE R

PROPOSED RECIEVING SHED

AC CE SS RO AD

basement entrance

no obstructions

7 ,12 98

2

PR

ENTRANCE

no obstructions

VOERBEEST DELIVERY ENTRANCE

IJ B OU ND AR Y6 20 11

access line of VOERBEEST

9

PR OC OPOS ESS E ING D SH

s.o.p.

13,2 00

4,315

A

31,220

SER VIC E

PH AS E2 /3/4 PO

0162

RT ION AG 3-8 O RIC ULT F DIE P U 105 RAL WATE 853 VILL R 97 AG m² E -JR

S

line of e brid xisting ge

walk

3048

S.O.P DETAIL Scale:1:100

JK BOUNDARY 28 747

3046

veh en icula

STI N

EXI

VAAL RIVER

position of water wheel

11,0 25

30,920 K J

P STA ROPO FF S QU ED A TE R

exis ting stru 1-2 ctural , A-C grid :

3044

AR E STUA OF DY

2,3 30 1,0 00 14,8 75

B flood lin e

4,0 25

50 year

10,4 55

3034

3038

3030

remove existing handrail repair and make good

1,8 25 9,2 75

1

3034

3032

3026 3024 3022

12,1 25

PR MA OPOS SH ING ED PIT

line od r flo yea 50

3028

19,3 99

3042

BO 3038 UN DAR Y5 8 20 0

GE

KL BO UN DA RY 259 950

PO

PR CE OPOS NTE ED FAC RFUG ILIT E Y

7,0 45

3040

CD

D

PR MO OPOS LU ED FAC CULA ILIT R Y

VAAL RIVER

3036

C

3036

PR O RE POSE SE D FAC ARCH ILIT Y

59,3 00

C

3044

3042

30 40

soft court ya lan per dscap rd in spe cialis g as t

water tower and bore hole

LANDSCAPING NOTES:

20. No existing vegitation to be romved unless indic architect or specialist.

21. All new trees to be fruitbearing trees 22. All new landscaping to be done by specialist

PO

3026

LOCALITY PLAN

R 8,000

13. Sewer reticulation and connection as per civil e and documentation 14. All plumbing and drainage must comply with th authority and NBR by-laws and regulations.

15. All bends and junctions in drain to be fitted with overs at ground level.

16. Waste fittings to have reseal traps and to be fu 17. Any portion of drain at a depth of 450 mm or le level shall be encased in concrete having a min. th points of 100mm measured from the external su 18. Any portion of drain passing under any part off building or footing shall be protected against the loa be without bends or junctions along its entire length building and should have a re. before and after pas building.

19. The minimum fall to all drain pipes to be 1 : 40 19.1. 100mm Ø for drains and ventilation pip approved material.

19.2. 32mm dia waste pipes to wash basins 19.3. 76mm dia waste pipes to all other wast

GB RID

3028

3048

3046

AD PROP MIN O IST SED K RA TIO IOSK NO + FFIC ES

3030

lin e

PH AS E1

ye ar flo od

RT IO AG N 10 RIC OF D UL TU IEPW A 80 RAL 598 VIL TER 9 LAG 7-J m² R E

50

hard land per scap spec ing ialis as t

3034 3032

3052

305 0

OS STA ED FIL TIO LIN G N

no obst ruct ions

3036

way grid

soft lan per dscap in spe cialis g as t

OP

RI VE R

3054

RT IO AG N 1 O RIC F ULT DIEP UR WA T AL VIL ER 97 LAG -JR E

30 38

3056

PO

PR O STOPOSE R A D ET GE H FAC ANO ILIT L Y

no obst ruct ions

PR

3058

PLUMBING NOTES:

CB BO UN DAR Y1 47 1 10

no obst ruct ions

30 40

VA AL

bas em e e

PO

304 2

pub lic w alkw ay

existing golf course

B

DE BO UN DA RY 131 699

3044

L

pub lic p ark ing

3046

R 7,500

BO LM UN 12 DARY 716 M

deliv e colle ries a ctio nd ns

OF

no obst ruct ions

no ntran nt obst ce ruct ions

RT IO AG N 1 O RIC F ULT DIEP UR WA T AL VIL ER 97 LAG -JR E

3050

3048

R 30,500 MA BO UN DA RY 74 827

3052

RT IO AG N 9 O RIC F ULT DIEP UR WA T AL VIL ER 97 LAG -JR E

EX GH ISTIN OLF G HO CLU B US E

305 4

1. All work to comply with local authorities and NB 2. Read figured dimensions in preference to scalin 3. The contractor must verify all levels, heights an site and to check same against the set of drawings commencing work and to convince himself that the is correct and in accordance with the conditions on 4. Contractors are to locate existing services on s these from damage throughout the duration of the w 5. The contractor is responsible for the correct ide surveyor pegs, markers and setting out of the build reference to grid lines, column positions ,internal an from surveyor markers boundaries and building lines etc.

6. Any errors ,discrepancies or omissions to be re architect before commencing any work.

7. 350 microns damp proof-course are to be instal and cills and vertical dpc. to all changes of floor lev 8. Flashing to be installed to all changes of roof le walls .

9. Concrete surface beds to be cast on well comp 10. All ventilation to Mechanical Engineer's design 11. Reinforced concrete columns ,slabs ,beams fo be strictly in accordance with the structural enginee 12. Electrical reticulation on site and connection as engineer's design and documentation.

SITE PLAN Scale:1:750

Date OUT :

07 . 07 . 2014 Scale

H

AS INDICATED

Date IN

04 . 09 . 2014

TEMP STORAGE SILO

1,250

1,250

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

1 2 3 4 5 7 8

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL balustrade TREAD: 250 RISER: 189

NO OBSTRUCTIONS

5,885

8

5,885

2,100

5

6

metis grating walkway roof

25

line of beam above 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1

Mentis Grid

9 8,000

4

6 5 4 3 2 1

0163

M

100 000 datum as per detail

S.O.P

2,500

water table below

loading dock below

water table

1

2

line of beam above

A

walkway roof above

6,250

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

g ivin rece om p fr shed ram

12,500

6,250

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail LOADING BAY BELOW

6,250

distribution conveyor as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

15 14 13 12 11 10 9

metis grating

DIS

UP

LIFT SERVICE PLATFORM

N CO

12,500

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

BB

OR VEY

galv stai TIM TRE RIS

EXISTING BRIDGE Tar

timber louver panel

ing build ent djac of a line

N UTIO TRIB

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications ay alkw of w line above

weight belt base footing to detail

galv stai TIM TRE RIS

N

CC 200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

line of walkway above

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for distribution conveyor

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

distribution conveyor above

reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

line of beam below

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

galv stai TIM TRE RIS

line of beam above

line of beam

E

PROCESSING SHED

line of beam

5,000

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

DD

line of beam above

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

DATA LOGGING WORKSTATION

MILD STEEL silo to be installed by specialist

Paving Brick UFFl 100 200

6,250

STORAGE SILO

F

PUBLIC WALKWAY

Timber Floor UFFl 100 000

line of existing bridge above

170mm step

200x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL circular hollow section column

line of beam above

access walkway above

line of beam

5,000

1 2 3 4 5 6

Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

line of beam perforated galvanised ALUMINIUM louver system as per manufacturers spec.

OBSERVATION DECK

Mentis Grating Grid UFFL 101 980

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

SERVICE + CONTROLL PLATFORM

overhead crane as per mechanical engineer to be installed by specialist

LANDING

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LANDING

5,000

UP

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

WALKWAY

Mentis Grid x 97 715

WALKWAY

5,000

6,250

P

EE

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL balustrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

G

25,000

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail line of beam above

12

A

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

line of beam

H

B

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

12,500

CONTROLL ROOM 6 5 4 3 2 1

D-03 Detail 25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

STAIR FRAME NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 140x140x5mm thick I-sections as primary structure and 25mmthick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

FF line of beam above

line of beam above

Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

MILD STEEL silo to be installed by specialist

W

ELO

OBSERVATION DECK

ing tain of re w line all belo w

of line

Tar

SCREEN NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 50x50x5mm thick RHS as primary structure with 25mm thick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

STORAGE SILO 170mm step

ED 01

line of beam

line of beam

5,000

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

ED 01

J

elow all b gw inin reta

line of screen above

1,250

D-04 Detail

200x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL circular hollow section column

RB

EXISTING BRIDGE

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

line of beam perforated galvanised ALUMINIUM louver system as per manufacturers spec.

Q

GG

line of beam above

6,250

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

DOUBLE VOLUME

line of beam below

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as 228x504mm thick structural support for SALIGNA distribution conveyor laminated timber column

K

E RIV

distribution conveyor belt system to mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

distribution conveyor above

25,000

weight belt base footing to detail

SILO FRAME NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 140x140x5mm thick I-sections as primary structure and 25mmthick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

6,250

1,250

5,885

reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

5,885

mechanical weight pulley and mechanism below

1,250

6

HH

line of beam above galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

1,250

5

DDGS RECIEVING

2,000

1,250

4

6,250

STAINLESS STEEL silos to be installed by specialist

1,250

mechanical weight pulley and mechanism below

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail line of existing bridge above

TEMP STORAGE SILO

Timber Floor

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel

R

JJ

duct

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

WEIGH STATION

1,250

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

12,500

2x 100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square hollow section

line of slab above

MASHING PIT BELOW

C

WALKWAY

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

line of beam SCREEN NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 50x50x5mm thick RHS as primary structure with 25mm thick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

3 4 5 6 7

13. Sewer reticulation and connection as per civil engineer's design and documentation 14. All plumbing and drainage must comply with the relevant local authority and NBR by-laws and regulations.

15. All bends and junctions in drain to be fitted with ie's and marked overs at ground level.

16. Waste fittings to have reseal traps and to be fully accessible.

17. Any portion of drain at a depth of 450 mm or less below ground level shall be encased in concrete having a min. thickness at all points of 100mm measured from the external surface of the pipe.

18. Any portion of drain passing under any part off the building or footing shall be protected against the load, this pipe must be without bends or junctions along its entire length under the building and should have a re. before and after passing under the building.

19. The minimum fall to all drain pipes to be 1 : 40 19.1. 100mm Ă&#x2DC; for drains and ventilation pipes of approved material.

19.2. 32mm dia waste pipes to wash basins 19.3. 76mm dia waste pipes to all other waste fittings

ME

FER

50x150mm SALIGNA TIMBER column as structural support for walkway roof

w belo eam of b line

6 5 4 3 2 1

LANDSCAPING NOTES:

metis grating walkway roof

D-03 Detail

20. No existing vegitation to be removed unless indicated otherwise by architect or specialist.

21. All new trees to be fruit bearing trees 22. All new landscaping to be done by specialist

COLUMN NOTE: 50x50mm SALIGNA TIMBER beam fixed to 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for enzyme tanks installed by specialist

CAST IRON cladded 1100mm high balustrade

line of beam above

line of beam above

PLUMBING NOTES:

BEL

170mm step

STORAGE SILO

OF

RO

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

2

13

12

11

10

9

01

ED

SH

Mentis Grid x 97 715

1

8

19

18

17

16

15

14

OW

ION

T NTA

WALKWAY

R

C

Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

OW

BEL

R IVE

1. All work to comply with local authorities and NBR by-laws.

2. Read figured dimensions in preference to scaling.

3. The contractor must verify all levels, heights and dimensions on site and to check same against the set of drawings before commencing work and to convince himself that the information given is correct and in accordance with the conditions on site.

4. Contractors are to locate existing services on site and protect these from damage throughout the duration of the works.

5. The contractor is responsible for the correct identification of all surveyor pegs, markers and setting out of the building with particular reference to grid lines, column positions ,internal and external walls from surveyor markers boundaries and building lines etc..

6. Any errors ,discrepancies or omissions to be reported to the architect before commencing any work.

7. 350 microns damp proof-course are to be installed under all walls and cills and vertical dpc. to all changes of floor levels.

8. Flashing to be installed to all changes of roof levels and parapet walls .

9. Concrete surface beds to be cast on well compacted filling.

10. All ventilation to Mechanical Engineer's design & specification 11. Reinforced concrete columns ,slabs ,beams foundations etc.. to be strictly in accordance with the structural engineers specifications.

12. Electrical reticulation on site and connection as per electrical engineer's design and documentation.

OBSERVATION DECK

ing tain of re line

elow in b r sk uve er lo timb

w belo wall

line of beam

mechanical weight pulley below

CONTROLL ROOM

GENERAL NOTES:

line of beam above

CAST IRON cladded 1100mm high balustrade

VICE + CONTROLL PLATFORM galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

A

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

line of door frame

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER bullastrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

STORAGE SILO SALIGNA TIMBER bench @ 450mm high

line of beam above

CAST IRON chimney to comply with part V of the NBR

LOCUST_ The Design of a Didactic Silage Production Plant Drawing :

line of beam

2

Rikus Engelbrecht 206115130 Project description :

100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL SHS as frame for timber lover structure and bench

0164

5

Name :

1 2 3 4 5 6

170mm step

6 5 4 3 2 1

Mentis Grid x 99 060

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

6 5 4 3 2 1

line of beam galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER bullastrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

line of beam

OBSERVATION DECK

line of retaining wall below

Solar Panels and Geyser to be installed by specialist

A LEVEL 0 Scale:1:100

LEVEL 0

Date OUT :

07 . 07 . 2014 Scale

1:100

silo access ladder to be installed by

Date IN

Sheet No./No.

04 . 09 . 2014

D/01

GGING ATION

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER balustrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

line of beam

6 5 4 3 2 1

Mentis Grating Grid UFFL 101 980

line of beam above

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

planter below

access walkway above

line of beam above

Mentis Grid

WALKWAY

timber louver as per detail

line of beam above

line of beam above

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

overhead crane as per mechanical engineer to be installed by specialist

2

B

line of retaining wall below

timber louver as per detail

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

1

3

5

4

6

8

7

9

11

10

12

14

13

15

17

16

18

20

19

22

21

23

25

de

24

L

access walkway above

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER balustrade TREAD: 330 RISER: 145

enzyme storing tank as per engineer to be installed by specialist

access walkway below

Staff Entrance

12,500

6,250

COLUMN NOTE: 50x50mm SALIGNA TIMBER beam fixed to 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Hcolumn to detail as structural support for enzyme tanks installed by specialist

perforated CORTEN STEEL screen to detail

deliveries zone below

12,500

DOUBLE VOLUME

Q

GG

6,250

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

6,250

line of existing bridge above

Mentis Grid UFFL: 96 250

WALKWAY

duct

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

WALKWAY AND SERVICE AREA

line of screen above

1,250 1,250 1,250

FF

6,250

P

WALL NOTE: 250mm thick prefabricated sandwich panel with 5mm CAST IRON finish between 250x200x10mm galvanised MILD STEEL H-columns as per specialist

2

1

3

5

4

6

8

7

9

11

12

14

13

15

17

16

18

20

19

21

23

line of retaining wall below

timber louver skin 170mm step

line of beam

6,250

access walkway below

TOOLS AND MACHINERY STORE Access Floor

planter below

1

12,500

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

line of beam

DD

line of beam

22

existing concrete column 25

existing concrete column

24

line of balcony above

Access Floor

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

100x500mm SALIGNA TIMBER column

Access Floor UFFL: 96 250

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

EE

line of balcony above

4,395

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

SERVICE + CONTROLL PLATFORM Mentis Grating Grid UFFL: 100 000

Access Floor UFFL: 96 250

WALKWAY AND SERVICE AREA

DOUBLE VOLUME

line of beam bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

PACKAGING STORE

10

1,250 1,250

distribution conveyor above

line of beam below

Access Floor

access walkway below

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT 1,250 1,250

1,250

RECEPTION WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

LANDING

100 000 datum as per detail

S.O.P

85mm weather step

LOADING DOCK

6

water table

12,500

Breathecaot Floor Screed

8

9

UFFL: 96 165 water table

AA

M

25

24

line of beam

existing concrete column + retaining wall

LEVEL -1 Scale:1:100

8,000

1

23

22

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

9

8

13

12

7

6

11

5

21

0165

counter

STORAGE

5,885

access walkway below

line of existing bridge above

LIFT

Access Floor UFFL: 96 250

10

NO OBSTRUCTIONS

STAFF QAUTERS BELOW DOUBLE VOLUME

4

LOADING BAY

7

2,100

5

line of beam above

6,250 counter

galvanised MILD STEEL lift to be installed by specialist

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER balustrade TREAD: 250 RISER: 189

3

1 2 3 4 5 7 8

2

UP

1

distribution conveyor as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

15 14 13 12 11 10 9

6,250

DIS

5,885

5

6

LIFT SERVICE DUCT

R EYO

V ON

NC UTIO TRIB

4

staff parking below

BB line of walkway above

ing build ent djac of a line

distribution conveyor above

25mm remanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

line of beam above

N

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

WORKSHOP + SERVICE YARD

ay alkw of w line above

weight belt base footing to detail

g ivin rece om p fr shed ram

3 CC

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

line of beam below

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for distribution conveyor

Access Floor 200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

counter

line of beam

reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

PALLET STORE

6,250

line of beam

STAINLESS STEEL silo to be installed by specialist

line of balcony above

STORAGE SILO

2

line of screen above

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

access walkway above

1,750 200x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL circular hollow section column

line of retaining wall below

2,500

line of walkway above

line of beam LANDING

8

FINAL PACKAGING AND PALLETING

line of beam galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER balustrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

7

19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

enzyme storing tank as per engineer to be installed by specialist

line of beam

LANDING

2

6

25mm remanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

4

1

5

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

ED 01

1,750

228x504mm thick MERANTI laminated timber column

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

line of beam

D-02 Detail

perforated galvanised ALUMINIUM louver system as per manufacturers spec.

4

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

STAINLESS STEEL silo to be installed by specialist

UP

3

ED 01

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

STORAGE SILO

14

200x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL circular hollow section column

N

TIO

NTA

ME

FER

SILO FRAME NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 140x140x5mm thick I-sections as primary structure and 25mmthick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

purpose made galvanised EXPANDED METAL MESH gate

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

D-03 Detail

13

line of beam perforated galvanised ALUMINIUM louver system as per manufacturers spec.

12

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

11

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for distribution conveyor

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

10

weight belt base footing to detail

9

distribution conveyor belt system to mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

WRAPPING

HH

19

6 5,885

DDGS RECIEVING

elow in b r sk uve er lo timb

w belo wall ing tain of re line

18

5 5,885

TEMP STORAGE SILO

17

4

2,000

OW

BEL

ER

RIV

line of retaining wall below

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

16

Access Floor UFFL: 96 250 NOTE: all packaging equipment and machines as per mechanical engineer and to be installed by specialist

w belo wall ing tain of re line

R

JJ

15

mechanical weight pulley and mechanism below

TEMP STORAGE SILO

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel

PACKAGING AREA

existing concrete column

existing concrete column

2x 100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square hollow section

WEIGH STATION

1,250

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

mechanical weight pulley below

STAINLESS STEEL silos to be installed by specialist

MASHING PIT BELOW

26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

12

D

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

2

VE

LEGEND

LEGEND reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to reiforced CONCRETE slab with M20 chemical anchor bolts

500x185x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-section M20 galvanised MILD STEEL nut and bolt set with 300x20mm galvanised MILD STEEL base as column fixing

38x114mm MERANTI TIMBER column bolted to base plate with M18 nut and bolt set

25x140mm SALIGNA TIMBER spacer

distribution conveyerbelt weight anchor to mechanical engineers drawings and reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer spec.

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted to flat bar and fillet welded with corner joints to CHS

500x185x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-section

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER column

M20 galvanised MILD STEEL nut and bolt set with 300x20mm galvanised MILD STEEL base as column fixing

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted to flat bar and fillet welded with corner joints to CHS

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL panel with v-groove and butt joint weld as silo wall to be installed by specialist

PLAN

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER column

OUTSIDE 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve bracket as per engineer

distribution conveyerbelt weight anchor to mechanical engineers drawings and spec.

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to structural engineers spec. welded to base plate

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam to structural engineers spec. fixed to I-section with M14 nut and bolt set

STORAGE SILO IPE 500 galvanised MILD STEEL I-beam

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flat bar bolted to angles

100x100x5mm thick MILD STEEL C-channel bolted to silo wall panel and fillet welded with butt joints at connections 100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted to silo wall panel with M14 nut and bolt set

0166

distribution conveyor above

200x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Circular hollow section bolted to timber columns

38x114mm MERANTI TIMBER column bolted to base plate with M18 nut and bolt set

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL panel with v-groove and butt joint weld as silo wall to be installed by specialist

PLAN

INSIDE line of beam below

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted to silo wall panel with M14 nut and bolt set

line of beam below

IPE 500 galvanised MILD STEEL I-beam

100x100x5mm thick MILD STEEL C-channel bolted to silo wall panel and fillet welded with butt joints at connections

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to reiforced CONCRETE slab with M20 chemical anchor bolts

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam to structural engineers spec. fixed to I-section with M14 nut and bolt set

25x140mm SALIGNA TIMBER spacer

5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve bracket as per engineer

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flat bar bolted to angles

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to structural engineers spec. welded to base plate

distribution conveyor above

200x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Circular hollow section bolted to timber columns

OUTSIDE DETAIL 05 Scale:1:20

STORAGE SILO

Name :

INSIDE

Rikus Engelbre 206115130 Project description :

L The De Silage P

DETAIL 05 Scale:1:20

Drawing :

DETAIL 05

Date OUT :

07 . 07 . 2014 Scale

mechanical weight pulley below

6,250

Timber Floor

line of existing bridge above

WALKWAY

7

CAST IRON cladded 1100mm high balustrade

P

5,885

8

2,100

5

6

water table below

loading dock below

1

2

4

3

5

7

6

8

10

9

11

13

12

14

16

15

17

19

18

20

22

timber louver as per detail

line of retaining wall below

6 5 4 3 2 1

line of beam

M

100 000 datum as per detail

S.O.P

9 8,000

4

line of beam above 6 5 4 3 2 1

Mentis Grid

walkway roof above

SALIGNA TIMBER bench @ 450mm high

2,500

5,885

100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL SHS as frame for timber lover structure and bench

water table

1

2

CAST IRON chimney to comply with part V of the NBR

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

NO OBSTRUCTIONS

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

g ivin rece om p fr shed ram

WALKWAY

6 5 4 3 2 1 LOADING BAY BELOW

line of beam above

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL balustrade TREAD: 250 RISER: 189

Solar Panels and Geyser to be installe by specialist

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER bullastrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

6,250

1 2 3 4 5 7 8

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as detail

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER bullastrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

Mentis Grid x 99 060

EXISTING BRIDGE

metis grating

distribution conveyor as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

15 14 13 12 11 10 9

LIFT SERVICE PLATFORM

DIS

UP

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER balustrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

Tar

timber louver panel

N CO

CAST IRON cladded 1100mm high balustrade

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

BB

OR VEY

12,500

6,250

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications ay alkw of w line above

weight belt base footing to detail

N UTIO TRIB

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

line of walkway above

ing build ent djac of a line

distribution conveyor above

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for distribution conveyor

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

line of beam below

reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

line of beam 228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

planter below

line of beam

N

CC line of beam above

12,500

line of beam

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

DD

line of beam above

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

DATA LOGGING WORKSTATION

MILD STEEL silo to be installed by specialist

UFFl 100 000

6,250

STORAGE SILO

line of beam above timber louver as per detail

Paving Brick UFFl 100 200

6,250

170mm step

200x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL circular hollow section column

line of beam above

line of retaining wall below

PUBLIC WALKWAY

Timber Floor

line of existing bridge above

1 2 3 4 5 6

access walkway above

line of beam

perforated galvanised ALUMINIUM louver system as per manufacturers spec.

Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

line of beam

OBSERVATION DECK

Mentis Grating Grid UFFL 101 980

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

SERVICE + CONTROLL PLATFORM

overhead crane as per mechanical engineer to be installed by specialist

LANDING

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LANDING

UP

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

line of beam

EE line of beam above

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL balustrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

21

25

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

line of beam

23

6,250

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

Mentis Grid x 97 715

WALKWAY

Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

170mm step

OBSERVATION DECK

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

COLUMN NOTE: 50x50mm SALIGNA TIMBER beam fixed to 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for enzyme tanks installed by specialist

12,500

FF purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

metis grating walkway roof

DOUBLE VOLUME

CONTROLL ROOM

line of beam

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

6,250

1,250 1,250

Tar

24

line of screen above

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250

6,250

Q

GG

STEEL door as per detail

1,250

6

1,250

5

distribution conveyor above

4

line of beam below

3

line of beam

1 2

6 5 4 3 2 1

D-03 Detail

50x150mm SALIGNA TIMBER column as structural support for walkway roof

line of beam above

line of beam above

STORAGE SILO

MILD STEEL silo to be installed by specialist

13

ED 01

12

200x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL circular hollow section column

ED 01

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

EXISTING BRIDGE

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail SCREEN NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 50x50x5mm thick RHS as primary structure with 25mm thick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

NTA

ME

FER

line of beam above

D-04 Detail silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

11

SILO FRAME NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 140x140x5mm thick I-sections as primary structure and 25mmthick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

N

TIO

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

line of beam perforated galvanised ALUMINIUM louver system as per manufacturers spec.

10

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

9

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as 228x504mm thick structural support for SALIGNA distribution conveyor laminated timber column

8

weight belt base footing to detail

19

distribution conveyor belt system to mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

18

6 5,885

HH

17

5 5,885 reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

DDGS RECIEVING line of beam above

16

STAINLESS STEEL silos to be installed by specialist

15

4

BEL

ER

RIV

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

14

mechanical weight pulley and mechanism below

OW

TEMP STORAGE SILO

2,000

w belo wall ing tain of re line

R

JJ

duct

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel

1,250

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

TEMP STORAGE SILO

WEIGH STATION

12,500

2x 100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square hollow section

line of slab above

MASHING PIT BELOW

26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

12

D

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

0167 LEVEL 0 Scale:1:100

RHS as per engineer

SERVICES + ACCESS LEVEL +3

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam

111 985 WALLPLATE LEVEL +5

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roof sheeting

120 085

100x100x8mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angle fixed to timber column

IPE 500 I-beam

250x250x10mm thick H-beam galvanised MILD STEEL portal frame truss

5mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL gutter as per detail

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

75x75x5mm thick galvanised STORAGE SILO MILD STEEL C-channel on

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER column

truss top cord @1450mm c.c.

96 980

ELEVATOR LEVEL +4

100x100x8mm thick made 5mm thick purpose galvanised galvanised MILD MILD STEEL STEEL equal gutter as angle fixed to timber column per detail

116 585

IPE 500 I-beam 200ø dia and 10mm thick 200x300x5mm purpose galvanised MILDthick STEEL madeasMILD STEEL truss RHS per engineer hanger as per detail

ALUMINIUM louver system fixed to FLOOR NOTE: purpose made SALIGNA TIMBER 25mm thick MILD STEEL column mentis to manufactures grating panel fillet welded with specification butt joint to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled 228x75mm with M8 selfSALIGNA drilling steel LAMINATED bolts. Floor composite to fixed be fixed TIMBER column to IPE beam to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

140x140x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-beam

140x140x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-column

150x150x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-post stabiliser 228x504mm thick SALIGNA 200ø dia and 10mm thick LAMINATED TIMBER beam galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3 SERVICES + ACCESS LEVEL +3 88 920

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam 170mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with min 1:8 fall as indicated

111 985

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER spacer 100x100x8mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angle fixed to timber column galvanised MILD STEEL base plate as per detail

reinforced CONCRETE column as STORAGE per structural engineerSILO

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2 96 980

NGL

100x100x8mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angle fixed to timber column DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel fillet welded with butt joint to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3

200ø dia and 10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

reinforced CONCRETE pile 140x140x10mm thick galvanised foundations asI-beam per engineer MILD STEEL

140x140x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-column compacted BACKFILL in layers of 150mm 228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam

88 920

0168

reinforced CONCRETE pile 170mm reinforced CONCRETE slab foundations with min 1:8as fallper as engineer indicated 228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER spacer

galvanised MILD STEEL base plate as per detail

0169

tapping timber bolts and bolted to foundation wall with M10 chemical anchor reinforced CONCRETE column as bolts as per manufacturers per structural engineerspecifications

LAMINATED TIMBER beam

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam 100x100x8mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angle fixed to timber column

NGL

TORAGE SILO

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base constructed out of 100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL fillet welded angles as per engineer DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist reinforced CONCRETE column as per engineer

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

SILO INSTALATION DETAIL Scale:1:20

100x100x8mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angle fixed to timber column

compacted BACKFILL in layers of 150mm

200ø dia and 10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

140x140x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-beam

200x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL reinforced CONCRETE pile M20 nut RHS bolted with foundationsand as per boltengineer set to timber columns

140x140x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-column

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket welded to RHS as per engineer

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flat bar bolted to angles

170mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with min 1:8 fall as indicated

STORAGE SILO

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER spacer

OUTSIDE

INSIDE

galvanised MILD STEEL base plate as per detail 150x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted to silo wall panel with M14 nut and bolt set and welded to C-channel reinforced CONCRETE column as per structural engineer

DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

100x100x5mm thick MILD STEEL C-channel bolted to silo wall panel welded with at connections

M20 galvanised MILD STEEL nut and bolt set with 300x20mm galvanised MILD STEEL base plate

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL panel as silo wall to be installed by specialist

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER column compacted BACKFILL in layers of 150mm

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam

ALUMINIUM louver system fixed to purpose made SALIGNA TIMBER column to manufactures specification

0170 SILO INSTALLATION DETAIL Scale:1:20

4

5

6

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @1450mm c.c.

250x250x10mm thick H-beam galvanised MILD STEEL portal frame truss 5,885

300x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail

WALL PLATE LEVEL +5

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

120 085

5,885

500x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail 228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

140X302mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

fixed perforated ALUMINUIM louver system with powder coating as per manufacturers spec.

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

R 5,500

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 100x100x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 50x50x5mm angled iron web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS beam

140X302mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column 3,500

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers spesifications

bucket elevator shoot frame consistent of 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

ELEVATOR LEVEL LEVEL +4

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

116 585

fixed perforated ALUMINUIM louver system with powder coating as per manufacturers spec. galvanised MILD STEEL access ladder as per specialist

stair structural frame to detail 203

5,200

900 203

203

4,600

203

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +3

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam 5,270

111 985

retractable roof as per mechanical engineers spec. to detail on lipped channel

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL bullastrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

0.6mm KLIP LOK galvanised sheet metal steel roofsheeting

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

2500x500mm precasted REINFORCED CONCRETE box gutter to detail and engineers drawings

500 IPE section

SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

ED 02 Detail

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers spesifications

100mm "OWENS CORNING" factorylight flexibale non combustable lightweight fiberglass insulation material.

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam 203

5,000

stair structural frame to detail

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

4,780

106 985

c ga

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

500 IPE section SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

CRANE NOTE: overhead lifting crane as per structural and mechanical engineer and to be installed by specialist

203

5,000

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

ACCESS WALKWAY

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

walkway and balustrade to detail

500 IPE section

1,985

BRIDGE LEVEL 0

SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

100 000

9,750

SCREEN NOTE: 5mm thick EXPANDED METAL MESH welded to 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame and welded to supporting walkway

4,780

101 985

2,245

Perforate Corten Steel Cladding

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1

203

4,720

ED-03 Detail

3,015

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

96 980

ACCESS WALKWAY

walkway and balustrade to detail ELEVATOR

PROCESSING 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

4,780

250mm high access floor as per specialist

500 IPE section bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

ACCESS WALKWAY

D-08 Detail

203

5,000

distribution conveyour belt system to mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

5mm thick MILD STEEL flat plate fixed to 50x50x5 mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS as lining for elevator hull

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

88 920

203

galvanised MILD STEEL frame made out of 75x75x5mm equal angled irons as per engineer

3,100

500 IPE section

3 500

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

Off Shutter Concrete

500 thick reinforced CONCRETE wall breathecoat floor screetd on 250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with 500mm thickenings at ends as per engineer

BASEMENT LEVEL -4 85 820

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

6,220

1,990

walkway and balustrade to detail

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3

100mm thick weak CONCRETE as protective layer reinforced CONCRETE column as per structural engineer

DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist

compacted filling in layers of 150mm reinforced CONCRETE wall column as per structural engineer

DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist

DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist reinforced CONCRETE column as per structural engineer DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist reinforced CONCRETE column as per structural engineer

reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer 20mm soft board protective layer DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist grandular backfill 100mm upvc grainpipe wrapped in geotextile layer

0171

100mm thick weak CONCRETE as protective layer

BASEMENT

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

wat

1

2 ROOF LEVEL LEVEL +5

ROOF LEVEL LEVEL +5

120 085

120 085

8,000

8

9

ELEVATOR LEVEL LEVEL +4

ELEVATOR LEVEL LEVEL +4

116 585

116 585

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +3

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +3

111 985

111 985

2,500

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam premanufactured CORTEN STEEL roof panel as per manufacturer and t o be installed by specialist fixed to purpose made brackets

e roof as per mechanical s spec. to detail on annel

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail

0mm precasted RCED CONCRETE box detail and engineers

3mm galvanised MILD STEEL rain water downpipe fixed to H-column

HROMADECK速 KLIP LOK tal roofsheeting

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1100mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

3mm galvanised MILD STEEL flat sheet panel fixed to equal angles

OWENS CORNING" ht flexibale non combustable ht fiberglass insulation material.

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 250x200x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c.

conveyor belt support frame consistent of 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail

mm thick d MILD STEEL l on truss top 500mm c.c.

premanufactured galvanised MILD STEEL connection flashing per manufacturer

d MILD STEEL truss of 150x150x10mm thick op cord and 5mm thick eb mebers as per @ 6250mm max.c.c

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

50x312mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

D-08 Detail

140x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel door door as per manufacturer to be installed by specialist

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 550mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail 38x114mm SALIGNA TIMBER decking on 50x50x3mm galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

PUBLIC WALKWAY

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on purpose made frame @ 1100mm c.c.

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1

1,810

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 100x100x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 50x50x5mm angled iron web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

101 985

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

galvanised MILD STEEL box frame consitent of 250x200x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c.

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame 840

3,675

D-09 Detail

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

1,770

1,850

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

PAVING NOTE: 110mm permeable clay brick pavement with 6,5mm joints between pavers on sand setting bed with compacted aggregate base as per specialist

BRIDGE LEVEL 0

PUBLIC PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

BRIDGE LEVEL 0 250mm high access floor as per specialist

7 6

3,735

galvanised MILD STEEL stair TREAD: 330 RISER: 180

3 2 1

D-10 Detail

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

100 000

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

1,175

4

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam SUNWORKS solar panels and solar Geyser to be installed by spesialist

existing bridge

PAKAGING STORE

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

20mm softbord movement joint

hillaldam coburn sliding door gear as per specialist

101 985

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

100 200

100 000

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1

0.6mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL edge flashing with drip

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

5

purpose made florecent light fitting as per detail

106 985

0.6mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL cap flashing with drip

500

SERVICE WALKWAY

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

500x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail fix to underside of purlin

106 985

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

20mm softbord movement joint

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

96 980

250mm high access floor as per specialist

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

250mm high access floor as per specialist

ISO BOARD ceiling insulation fixed to underside of I-beam

96 980

purpose made suspended timber ceiling to detail

purpose made suspended timber ceiling to detail

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel door door as per manufacturer to be installed by specialist

250mm "OWENS CORNING" factorylight flexibale non combustable lightweight fiberglass insulation sandwich panel with 3mm CORTEN STEEL flat plate finish as per manufacturer

purpose made alimunium window

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail access duct for drainage

TRUSS NOTE: 100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL T-profiled beam as top and bottom cord with 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flats as web members and 50x5omm SALIGNA TIMBER slats fixed to underside of truss

6,220

25x114mm SALIGNA TIMBER decking spaced at 6mm fixed to 25x25x3mm SHS subframe

Timber Decking

50x50x2mm galvanised MILD STEEL subframe fixed to I-beam

88 920

purpose made timber louvre

11 10

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

d 9

250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab

8

SERVICE DUCT

breathecoat floor screetd on 250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with 500mm thickenings at ends as per engineer

3

1

250mm thick masonry wall

STAFF PARKING BASEMENT LEVEL -4

SOLAR PANEL BATERY STORAGE

2,510

4

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3 88 920

5

10mm thick base plate with movement joint

20mm softbord movement joint

6 5

TRUSS NOTE: 100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL T-profiled beam as top and bottom cord with 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flats as web members and 50x5omm SALIGNA TIMBER slats fixed to underside of truss

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

dpc slip layer

7

2

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

2,320

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3

12

galvanised MILD STEEL stair TREAD: 330 RISER: 189

WALKWAY

50x75mm SALIGNA purpose made timber lovre screen fixed to SHS subframe

16 15 14 13

BASEMENT

Access Floor

250mm high access floor as per specialist 17

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

PASSAGE

1,190

o

lat m

GENTS

Access Floor

110mm thick masonry protective skin for waterproofing

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer Name :

DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

Rikus Engelbrecht 206115130

grandular backfill

85 820

Project description :

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

0172 DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

100mm upvc grainpipe wrapped in geotextile layer reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

100mm thick weak CONCRETE as protective layer

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

LOCUST_ The Design of a Didactic Silage Production Plant

reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

Drawing :

SECTION A-A

SECTION A-A Scale:1:50 Date OUT :

07 . 07 . 2014 Scale

1:50

Date IN

Sheet No./No.

04 . 09 . 2014

D/06

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2 106 985

SERVICE WALKWAY

CRANE NOTE: overhead lifting crane as per structural and mechanical engineer and to be installed by specialist

50x312mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

D-08 Detail

140x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel door door as per manufacturer to be installed by specialist

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 550mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 100x100x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 50x50x5mm angled iron web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

2,245

walkway and balustrade to detail

D-09 Detail

SCREEN NOTE: 5mm thick EXPANDED METAL MESH welded to 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame and welded to supporting walkway

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

9,750

38x114mm SALIGNA TIMBER decking on 50x50x3mm galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

ED-03 Detail

PUBLIC WALKWAY

ELEVATOR

CESS KWAY

3,735

walkway and balustrade to detail

PROCESSING

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

101 985

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

PAVING NOTE: 110mm permeable clay brick pavement with 6,5mm joints between pavers on sand setting bed with compacted aggregate base as per specialist

BRIDGE LEVEL 0

PUBLIC PEDESTRIAN CROSSING 100 200

100 000

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

purpose made florecent light fitting as per detail

D-10 Detail

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

existing bridge

PAKAGING STORE 20mm softbord movement joint

hillaldam coburn sliding door gear as per specialist

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

250mm high access floor as per specialist

250mm high access floor as per specialist

96 980

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

250mm high access floor as per specialist

TRUSS NOTE: 100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL T-profiled beam as top and bottom cord with 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flats as web members and 50x5omm SALIGNA TIMBER slats fixed to underside of truss

D-08 Detail walkway and balustrade to detail

17 140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

5mm thick MILD STEEL flat plate fixed to 50x50x5 mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS as lining for elevator hull

16 15

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3

14 13

88 920

12 6,220

CESS KWAY

premanufactured galvanised MILD STEEL connection flashing per manufacturer

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

4,720

CESS KWAY

galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail

galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL frame made out of 75x75x5mm equal angled irons as per engineer

11 10

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

9

3 500

8 7 6 500 thick reinforced CONCRETE wall breathecoat floor screetd on 250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with 500mm thickenings at ends as per engineer

5

BASEMENT

4 breathecoat floor screetd on 250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with 500mm thickenings at ends as per engineer

3 galvanised MILD STEEL stair TREAD: 330 RISER: 189

2 1

STAFF PARKING BASEMENT LEVEL -4 85 820

0173 reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer 20mm soft board protective layer DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

100mm thick weak CONCRETE as protective layer

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

100mm thick weak CONCRETE as protective layer

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

DERBIG waterproofing per specia

bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c.

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

500x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail fix to underside of purlin 50x312mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

106 985

0.6mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL cap flashing with drip

m CHROMADECK速 KLIP sheet metal roofsheeting

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on purpose made frame @ 1100mm c.c.

500

75x5mm thick galvanised LD STEEL C-channel on top cord @ 550mm c.c.

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

1,770

1,850

140x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

1,810

nised MILD STEEL truss t of 100x100x10mm thick op cord and 50x50x5mm d iron web mebers as per neer @ 6250mm max.c.c

galvanised MILD STEEL box frame consitent of 250x200x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c.

25mm thick MILD STEEL ntis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame 3,675

840

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1

0.6mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL edge flashing with drip

101 985

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

PEDESTRIAN ROSSING

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

100 200

BRIDGE LEVEL 0 250mm high access floor as per specialist

7 6 5 galvanised MILD STEEL stair TREAD: 330 RISER: 180

3 2 1

100 000

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

1,175

4

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam SUNWORKS solar panels and solar Geyser to be installed by spesialist 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

20mm softbord movement joint premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail ISO BOARD ceiling insulation fixed to underside of I-beam

96 980

purpose made suspended timber ceiling to detail

purpose made suspended timber ceiling to detail

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel door door as per manufacturer to be installed by specialist

250mm "OWENS CORNING" factorylight flexibale non combustable lightweight fiberglass insulation sandwich panel with 3mm CORTEN STEEL flat plate finish as per manufacturer

purpose made alimunium window

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail access duct for drainage

GENTS

PASSAGE

Access Floor

Access Floor

WALKWAY

25x114mm SALIGNA TIMBER decking spaced at 6mm fixed to 25x25x3mm SHS subframe

Timber Decking

250mm high access floor as per specialist

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

50x75mm SALIGNA purpose made timber lovre screen fixed to SHS subframe

purpose made timber louvre

250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab

2,320 1,190

50x50x2mm galvanised MILD STEEL subframe fixed to I-beam

SERVICE DUCT

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3 88 920

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

dpc slip layer

10mm thick base plate with movement joint

SOLAR PANEL BATERY STORAGE

2,510

20mm softbord movement joint 250mm thick masonry wall

TRUSS NOTE: 100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL T-profiled beam as top and bottom cord with 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flats as web members and 50x5omm SALIGNA TIMBER slats fixed to underside of truss

110mm thick masonry protective skin for waterproofing

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist grandular backfill

0174 DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

100mm upvc grainpipe wrapped in geotextile layer reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

SECTION A-A

0.6mm KLIP LOK galvanised sheet metal steel roofsheeting

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

retractable roof as per m engineers spec. to deta lipped channel

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL bullastrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

SAFCO速 Mild Steel Silo

2500x500mm precasted REINFORCED CONCR gutter to detail and eng drawings

500 IPE section

0.6mm CHROMADECK sheet metal roofsheetin

ED 02 Detail

100mm "OWENS COR factorylight flexibale no lightweight fiberglass in

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEE C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

galvanised MILD STEE consitent of 150x150x10 T-beam top cord and 5m flat bar web mebers as engineer @ 6250mm m

500 IPE section SAFCO速 Mild Steel Silo

CRANE NOTE: overhead lifting crane as per structural and mechanical engineer and to be installed by specialist

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

Perforate Corten Steel Cladding

ACCESS WALKWAY

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

walkway and balustrade to detail SCREEN NOTE: 5mm thick EXPANDED METAL MESH welded to 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame and welded to supporting walkway

500 IPE section SAFCO速 Mild Steel Silo

9,750

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

2,245

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

4,720

ED-03 Detail

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

ACCESS WALKWAY

walkway and balustrade to detail ELEVATOR

PROCESSING 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam 250mm high access floor as per specialist

500 IPE section bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications SAFCO速 Mild Steel Silo distribution conveyour belt system to mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

ACCESS WALKWAY

0175 D-08 Detail walkway and balustrade to detail

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

5mm thick MILD STEEL flat plate fixed to 50x50x5 mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS as lining for elevator hull

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +3

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL roof panel as per manufacturer and t o be installed by specialist fixed to purpose made brackets retractable roof as per mechanical engineers spec. to detail on lipped channel 2500x500mm precasted REINFORCED CONCRETE box gutter to detail and engineers drawings 0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting 100mm "OWENS CORNING" factorylight flexibale non combustable lightweight fiberglass insulation material.

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c. galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

111 985

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail

3mm galvanised MILD STEEL rain water downpipe fixed to H-column galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

3mm galvanised MILD STEEL flat sheet panel fixed to equal angles conveyor belt support frame consistent of 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail premanufactured galvanised MILD STEEL connection flashing per manufacturer

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2 106 985

SERVICE WALKWAY

50x312mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

D-08 Detail

140x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel door door as per manufacturer to be installed by specialist

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 550mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

D-09 Detail galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

9,750

38x114mm SALIGNA TIMBER decking on 50x50x3mm galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam PAVING NOTE: 110mm permeable clay brick pavement with 6,5mm joints between pavers on sand setting bed with compacted aggregate base as per specialist

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

101 985

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

BRIDGE LEVEL 0

PUBLIC PEDESTRIAN CROSSING 100 200

7

100 000

6 5 4

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

3,735

purpose made florecent light fitting as per detail

G

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

galvanised MI STEEL stair TREAD: 330 RISER: 180

3 2 1

D-10 Detail existing bridge

PAKAGING STORE 20mm softbord movement joint

hillaldam coburn sliding door gear as per specialist

20mm softbord movement joint

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

96 980

250mm high access floor as per specialist

250mm high access floor as per specialist

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail ISO BOARD ceiling insulation fixed to underside of I-beam

purpose made suspended timber ceiling to detail

purpose made alimunium window

16 15 14 13 12

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3 88 920

50x75mm SALIGNA purpose made timber lovre screen fixed to SHS subframe 50x50x2mm galvanised MILD STEEL subframe fixed to I-beam

2,320

17 140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

0

0176

access duct for drainage

TRUSS NOTE: 100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL T-profiled beam as top and bottom cord with 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flats as web members and 50x5omm SALIGNA TIMBER slats fixed to underside of truss

balustrade to

LD STEEL flat 50x50x5 mm ed MILD as lining for

PUBLIC WALKWAY

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 100x100x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 50x50x5mm angled iron web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

4

5

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @1450mm c.c.

250x250x10mm thick H-beam galvanised MILD STEEL portal frame truss 5,885

300x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail

WALL PLATE LEVEL +5

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

120 085

5,885

140X302mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

fixed perforated ALUMINUIM louver system with powder coating as per manufacturers spec.

R 5,500

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS beam

140X302mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column 3,500

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers spesifications galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

ELEVATOR LEVEL LEVEL +4

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

116 585

fixed perforated ALUMINUIM louver system with powder coating as per manufacturers spec. galvanised MILD STEEL access ladder as per specialist

stair structural frame to detail 203

5,200

900 203

203

4,600

203

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +3

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam 5,270

111 985

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

bucket elevator as p mechanical enginee drawings and spesificatio

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL bullastrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

500 IPE secti

SAFCO速 Mild Steel Silo

ED 02 Detail

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers spesifications 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam 203

5,000

stair structural frame to detail

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

0177

4,780

106 985

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL me grating panel welded to SHS frame and fixed to 75x50x5m thick galvanised MILD STE unequal angled with M8 se drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to be with M8 self tapping timber b as per manufacturers specifications

500 IPE secti SAFCO速 Mild Steel Silo

000

bucket elevator as p mechanical enginee drawings and spesificatio

6

85

500x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail 228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 100x100x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 50x50x5mm angled iron web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

bucket elevator shoot frame consistent of 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail

8

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

9

2,500

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

0.6mm KLIP LOK galvanised sheet metal steel roofsheeting

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL roof panel as per manufacturer and t o be installed by specialist fixed to purpose made brackets retractable roof as per mechanical engineers spec. to detail on lipped channel 2500x500mm precasted REINFORCED CONCRETE box gutter to detail and engineers drawings

500 IPE section

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting 100mm "OWENS CORNING" factorylight flexibale non combustable lightweight fiberglass insulation material.

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

FLOOR NOTE: mm thick MILD STEEL mentis ting panel welded to SHS sub ame and fixed to 75x50x5mm ick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor omposite to be fixed to beam h M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail

3mm galvanised MILD STEEL rain water downpipe fixed to H-column

3mm galvanised MILD STEEL flat sheet panel fixed to equal angles

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

conveyor belt support frame consistent of 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail premanufactured galvanised MILD STEEL connection flashing per manufacturer

SERVICE WALKWAY

0178 500 IPE section

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

CRANE NOTE: overhead lifting crane as per structural and mechanical engineer and to be installed by specialist

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel

PLAN

DETAIL Scale:1:5

SECTION

DETAIL Scale:1:5

retractable roof as per mechanical engineers spec. to detail on lipped channel

2500 2100

200

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roof sheeting 100mm "OWENS CORNING" factory light flexible non combustible lightweight fiberglass insulation material.

300

0.8mm SHEET METAL counter flashing over water proofing and cap flashing connection

200

500

2mm SHEET METAL cap flashing fixed to underside of cladding sub frame

SECTION

6mm DERBIGUM torch on waterproofing membrane

150x150x20x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL lipped channel on top cord of truss with wheel track to be installed as per specialist and mechanical engineer

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consistent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web members as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

2500x500x300mm precasted REINFORCED CONCRETE box gutter as per engineers drawings

250x250x30x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL lipped channel beam with wheel track to be installed as per specialist and mechanical engineer 1,990

250x250x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam bolted to flange connection from cladded wall

SCREEN NOTE: 5mm thick EXPANDED METAL MESH welded to 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame and welded to supporting walkway

1,250

50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts

4,520

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square tubing bolted to C-channel with M10 self drilling bolts

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

20mm ø threaded rod with nut set as structural suspension member for walkway

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Square hollow section column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

50mm thick MENTIS GRID on suspended sub frame

5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL bracing bolted to C-column with M14 nut and bolt set

1,839

500

3mm thick self healing COR-TEN STEEL panel as per specialist

ACCESS WALKWAY

PERSPECTIVE

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam 50x50x2mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square hollow section panel as per manufacturer

101 985

5mm ø MILD STEEL wire mesh with 50mm openings welded to sub frame FRAME NOTE: purpose made suspended walkway consistent of 50x50x3mm MILD STEEL angled iron cord members and 5mm thick MILD STEEL flat bars bolted to gusset plate as web members welded to SHS

EDGE DETAIL 03 Scale:1:20

PERSPECTIVE 0179

PLAN

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

100x100x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural engineers spec.

50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles fillet welded with butt joints to square tubing

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Sqaure hollow section column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square tubing bolted to C-channel with M10 self drilling bolts 50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts 3mm thick selfhealing CORTEN STEEL panel as per specialist bolted to purpose made bracket

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square tubing bolted to C-channel with M10 self drilling bolts 3mm thick selfhealing CORTEN STEEL panel as per specialist bolted to purpose made bracket 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL bracing bolted to C-column with M14 nut and bolt set

5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL bracing bolted to C-column with M14 nut and bolt set

DETAIL Scale:1:5

SECTION

2500 2100

distribution conveyor belt as per mechanical engineer

0.6mm CHROMADECK速 KLIP LOK sheet metal roof sheeting 100mm "OWENS CORNING" factory light flexible non combustible lightweight fiberglass insulation material.

6mm DERBIGUM torch on waterproofing membrane

150x150x20x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL lipped channel on top cord of truss with wheel track to be installed as per specialist and mechanical engineer

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consistent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web members as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

0180

LEGEND

SEC 500

200 storage silo as per specialist

300

0.8mm SHEET METAL counter flashing over water proofing and cap flashing connection

200

retractable roof as per mechanical engineers spec. to detail on lipped channel

CORTEN STEEL cladded wall as per detail

500

2mm SHEET METAL cap flashing fixed to underside of cladding sub frame

DETAIL Scale:1:5

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

2500x500x300mm precasted REINFORCED CONCRETE box gutter as per engineers drawings

250x250x30x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL lipped channel beam with wheel track to be installed as per specialist and mechanical engineer

3mm thick selfhealing perforated COR-TEN STEEL panel as per specialist

existing concrete column

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

walkway

50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to flange

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

80x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to H-column

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer 50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket 25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

5mm thick purpose made flange with opening bolted to unequal angles 250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

line of skin above

5mm thick purpose made flange with opening fillet welded to RHS with corner joints

line of skin above

walkway

50mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

PLAN

DETAIL 08 Scale:1:10

PLAN

0181

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam fillet welded with corner joints to H-column

existing concrete column

line of skin above

walkway

LEGEND

existing concrete column

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL T-flange plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket 25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

DETAIL 09 Scale:1:10

0182

PLAN

DETAIL 10 Scale:1:10

existing concrete column 200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer purpose made galvanised

line of skin above

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer 140x140x20mm thick

existing concrete column

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to flange

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

walkway

80x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to H-column

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer 50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket 25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

5mm thick purpose made flange with opening bolted to unequal angles 250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

line of skin above

5mm thick purpose made flange with opening fillet welded to RHS with corner joints

line of skin above

panel as per specialist

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

PLAN

50mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS 3mm thick selfhealing perforated COR-TEN STEEL panel as per specialist 5mm thick purpose made flange with opening fillet welded to RHS with corner joints

5

50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles 1 bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to flange

walkway

80x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to H-column

6 7

5

2 ø galvanised MILD 200mm STEEL RHS as per engineer 50x25x3mm thick 3 MILD STEEL 4galvanised profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts 5mm thick purpose made flange with opening bolted to unequal angles 250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

existing concrete column

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

line of skin above

walkway

DETAIL 08 Scale:1:10

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

80x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to H-column

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

5mm thick purpose made flange with opening bolted to unequal angles 5mm thick purpose made flange with opening fillet welded to RHS with corner joints

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket

50mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS

25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

3mm thick selfhealing perforated COR-TEN STEEL panel as per specialist

line of skin above

PLAN

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

PLAN

PERSPECTIVE

DETAIL 08 Scale:1:10

PLAN

DETAIL 08 Scale:1:10

PERSPECTIVE

0183

line of skin above

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam fillet welded with corner joints to H-column

existing concrete column

existing concrete column

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL T-flange plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket 25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

DETAIL 09 Scale:1:10

line of skin above

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

PLAN LEGEND

DETAIL 10 Scale:1:10

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam fillet welded with corner joints to H-column 140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL purpose made galvanised T-beam filletMILD welded with sleeve bracket STEEL corner joints to H-column bolted to RHS as per

15mm thick purpose made existing concrete galvanised MILD STEEL base plate boltedcolumn to RHS and sleeve bracket

engineer 200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer 250x250x20mm thick purpose made galvanised galvanised MILD STEEL MILD STEEL sleeve bracket H-column bolted to RHS as per engineer 15mm thick purpose made galvanised 250x250x20mm thick MILD STEEL galvanised MILDT-flange STEEL plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket H-column

25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL T-flange plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket 25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

existing concrete column

line of skin above

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

line of skin above

walkway

existing concrete column

Name :

Rikus En 2061151

Project descrip

The Sila Drawing :

0184

DETAIL 09 Scale:1:10

PLAN

DETAIL 10 Scale:1:10

DETAIL

Date OUT :

existing concrete DETAIL 09 column Scale:1:10 200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer purpose made galvanised

PERSPECTIVE

DETAIL 10 Scale:1:10 200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer 140x140x20mm thick

07 . 07 . 2 Scale

1:10

references 0185

0

09 0186

Annual Energy Outlook 2013 [Online] Available: http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/index.cfm Accessed: 2013/10/02 CBC News. 2013. UN warns 25% of planetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s land is highly degraded [online] p1 Available from: http://www.cbc.ca/m/touch/canada/story/1.1111010

Accessed: 2013/10/10 Dahinden, J. 1972. Urban structures for the future. Pall Mall Press. London.

Chronicle, C. 1997. Impacts of organic farming on the efficiency of energy use in agriculture. [Online] Available from: http://www.organicvalley.coop/fileadmin/pdf/ENERGY_SSR.pdf Accessed: 2013/10/25 Despommier, D. 2010. Growing concerns. [Online] Available from: http://www.verticalfarm.com/blog Accessed: 10/10/2012 Energy and Agriculture, 2013. Grace Community Foundation. [Online] Available from: http://www.gracelinks.org/118/energy-and-agriculture Accessed: 2013/10/25 He, G. Time, transformation, and contemporary architectural ruin on the Golden Coast, 2009 [Online] Available from:http://aap.cornell.edu/publications/association/assocv4/pdfs/He.pdf Accessed: 2013/10/16 Jenings, J. Principles of silage making. [Online] Available from: http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/FSA-3052.pdf Accessed: 2013/10/20 Kronenberg,R. 2001. Houses in Motion. Wiley Academy Lynch, K. 1964. The image of the city. Boston: MIT Press Peth, J. Climate change 101, [Online] Available from: http://www.personal.psu.edu/jcp5192/blogs/joanna_peth/2013/02/ Accessed: 2013/10/15

0187

Sigfried, G. 1941. Space, time and architecture – the growth of a new tradition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. “‘Toward a Nomadic Architecture’ Exhibition” 19 Feb 2012. ArchDaily. Accessed 13 Oct 2014.

Available from :<http://www.archdaily.com/?p=209314> Vidler, A. 1977. The third typology. Typology and transformation.

Woods L. 2009. Fluid space. [Online] Available from: http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/2009/06/28/fluid-space/ Accessed: 2013/10/02 Woods, L. 2009. Architecture of energy [Online] Available from: http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/architecture-of-energy/ Accessed: 2013/10/02 Walking city, from Archigram. 2011 [Online] Available from: http://www.seasteading.org/2011/03/walking-city-archigram/ Accessed: 2013/ Zuk & Clark. 1970. Kinetic Architecture. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company

0188

references