Locust- Productive and Resilient Architecture

/// productive /// resilient /// kinetic agricultural infrastructure

rikus engelbrecht 206115130

LOCUST

“Walking City imagines a future in which borders and boundaries are abandoned in favor of a nomadic lifestyle among groups of people worldwide.�

- (walking city, from archigram, 2011)

This design proposal is a reaction to

LOCUST

Successful implementation of this

existing static typologies used for food proposal should then reduce the harvesting, distribution and storage.

By HENDRIKUS ANDREAS TRUTER ENGELBRECHT

energy expenditure within the processes of food cultivation.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER TECHNOLOGIAE: ARCHITECTURE (PROFESSIONAL) Department of Architecture

on limiting the energy expenditure

It could ultimately serve as a

within the typology that house these

sustainable architectural typology,

processes, the architecture makes

promoting energy equilibrium within

use of nomadic architectural

the natural ecology.

principles as a design generator.

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

By introducing these principles, the

TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

design will attempt to generate an

Supervisor: Prof. J. Laubscher

alternative kinetic model for this typology. This will be achieved by the

October 2014

introduction of potential energy in the

Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at are those of the author and cannot

form of natural fluids.

necessarily be attributed to the Tshwane University of Technology

ii

iii

abstract

Formulating an argument grounded

> 04 CHAPTER _ CONTEXT

> 01 CHAPTER _ INTRODUCTION /// backround

03

/// approach

059

/// the silo

05

/// analysis

061

/// homeostasis

07

/// genius loci

065

/// concept

09

/// proposal

067

/// locust

11

/// outline brief

015

> 05 CHAPTER _ BRIEF -PROGRAMME -

///research methodology

017

> 02 CHAPTER _ theoretical premise /// type + typology + transformation

021

/// fluid architecture

031

ACCOMODATION

/// brief

081

/// programme- harvesting, storing

083

distributing /// accomodation-silage

087

> 06 CHAPTER _ CONCEPTUAL

> 03 CHAPTER _ PRECEDENTS /// strandbeest

047

/// stanford university modular

049

/// concept

093

/// part

095

shelters

EVELOPMENT

/// horizon houses

051

/// site interventions

097

/// case study

053

/// NOMAD

0101 0115

/// DESIGN PALLET

iv

v

> 07 DESIGN SYNTHESIS

0135

> 08 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION

0159

> 09 REFRENCES

0185

backround

introduction 01

02

argument

outline brief

research methodology

01

This is evident in the struggle to feed the rising global population, whilst simultaneously preserving our natural resources.

The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that farmers will have to produce 70% more food by 2050 (Graph 1) to meet the needs of the world’s expected 9 billion-strong population.

graph 1: world population projection by 2050 by U.N. - by author

fig 1: traditional food system, by author

quadrillion Btu

400

800

0

1990

This implies the need to produce 1 billion more tons of wheat, rice and other cereals and 200 million more tons of beef and produce from other livestock (Despommier, 2010).

South-Africa’s contribution to addressing this food crisis may clearly be identified in statistics provided by PWC, indicating that: “…South Africa will be the seventh fastest-growing economy between now and 2050, with an average annual real growth rate of five percent.” (SAinfo.com, 2011)

While the production of food has always been dependent on the use of energy, traditional agricultural cultivation processes were part of a holistic system which was in equilibrium. In this system the sun served as the primary source of energy, as depicted in Figure 2.

non- OECD OECD quadrillion Btu

2010 2020 2030 2040 600

200

graph 3: world energy consumption,1990 -2040

backround

“Charles Darwin has suggested that the problem of survival always depends upon the capability of an object to adapt in a changing environment.” With this concept the ability of architecture to change itself and change the environment it is placed within, can be identified as a possible tool to address the current issues at hand. As stated by (Zuk & Clark, 1970), architecture stands at the threshold of a new evolution.

Architecture is in a phase of redevelopment, the “so called permanent building hardly exists at all - buildings, like all tools, are made for a specific task that has a time limit on its value and when a better way of preforming that task emerges, the vast majority of existing outmoded tools will usually be junked.”- (Kronenberg, 2002, p 142.)

However, as a result of the industrialisation and consolidation of agriculture, food production has become increasingly dependent on energy derived from fossil fuels (refer Graph 2) to meet the increasing demands of globalisation (Energy and Agriculture, 2013), (Graph 3).

Nonetheless, this does not imply the complete destruction of a building after it has served its purpose. It alludes, rather, to architecture that moves; in other words, “portable buildings”. Kronenberg refers to these structures as a link to the way humans once were: nomads, using the earth as a resource in a sensible manner and allowing the land to renew itself once they had moved on (2002, p 150). He describes this as the way humans want to be, more aware of their environment and their impact on it.

In effect, existing architectural typologies are supporting the segregation between product and consumer as they mostly employ stereotomic anchoring of facilities large enough to accommodate the global need. The static nature of this anchoring has resulted in a vast number of environmental, economic and social issues that have to be addressed in order for humankind to adequately assume responsibility for the future.

2000 OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

towards Energy sustainable agriculture

31, 612 KJ graph 2: energy expenditure yield/ ton, source: (http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/index.cfm)

Taking into account that architecture is the tool that humans use to manipulate and define their existence, can we not argue that this would be the tool that we can use to alter and assume responsibility for our future?

corn yield 9t/ ha

With science and technology leading the revolution in our modern era, humankind will inevitably have to develop a new outlook in assuming responsibility for the future (Dahiden, 1972).

03

Consequently, the objective of this architectural intervention is to initiate the change that Darwin suggests, in the cultivation process. This will inform the responsible transformation and integration of agricultural cultivation systems with technology and science. This new architectural typology will then emulate a natural ecological system where all constituents are in equilibrium.

“The creation of such an ideal world will call for protracted endeavours in the political, social, and technological spheres. Of the many tasks that will have to be surmounted, the most important are the establishment of supranational systems, the introduction of a comprehensive educational system and comprehensive economic planning the reorganization of food and energy supplies,” - (Dahiden, 1972)

04

fig 2: compilation of silos- by author

cultivated land

N12 road carrige

secondary road carridge

river

pastoral land

railway line

the silo

250 800 t/ y pastoral farms areble land/ crop farms

50km

bloemhof

primary transport/ railway primary transport / road

N12

secondary transport /farmers

bloemhof dam

legend

fig 3: illustration of current silo/grain infrastructure. by author

Traditionally, the silo served as a storage facility to supply feed for animals through droughts and dry winters when grazing pastures were scarce. The earliest known granaries date back 11,000 years and were discovered on the shore of the Dead Sea in Jordan (Discovery, 2010). In Southern Africa, the remnants found at the Great Zimbabwean ruins reveal some of the first structures to resemble a silo/ granary in Africa (The British Museum). These were basic forms of feed storage and only served the village in which they were built.

Based on background research, it has been concluded that the Industrial Revolution contributed to the development of this building typology and that the latter now serves as the midpoint between agricultural activities and consumers in grain infrastructure.

South Africa currently has approximately 243 grain silos and is able to handle and store up to 15 million ton of grains throughout the course of the winter and summer harvesting seasons. Bloemhof Silos , in particular, are part of the Suidwes Silo group and handle approximately 250 thousand tons of grain every season (Senwes, 2014).

Figure 5 indicates the travelling distances for transporting the harvested grain to the silo. From there, it is distributed to local and international markets. The silos are predominantly located within a 30-60 km average travelling distance from the various farms. However, an increase in urbanisation has resulted in a separation between the consumer (and markets) and the productive landscape.

It is argued that the static nature of the silo increases the amount of energy used during the process of grain harvesting, distribution and storage. This extended process contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, further disturbing the natural equilibrium. bloemhof

0t vaal river

bloemhof dam

ddgs //year N12

animal feed pastoral

christiana

vaal river

christiana

150km_

Bothaville ethanol production plant

05 Current situation

bloemhof

06

0 1

fig 4 Bloemhof silos- by author 01

5

10

25

50km

fig 5: illustration of current grain distribution networks

5

10

25

50

Maxwell’s second law of thermodynamics states that, the entropy in a system will increase (it will lose energy) unless new energy is put in.

- (Woods, 2009: 1)

homeostasis

(physiology) metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by several complex biological mechanisms that operate via the autonomic nervous system to offset disrupting changes.

(Source: Dictionary online)

the transformation of static agricultural infrastructure to serve as part of a holistic food system Maxwell’s second law of thermodynamics is utelised to substantiate the argument, it states that “in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state.”(Woods, p1,2009) This is also commonly referred to as “entropy”. A spring-driven watch will run until the potential energy in the spring is converted, and then not again until energy is reapplied to the spring to rewind it. Therefore, it contends that, similarly, the natural resources that generate the earth’s energy will inevitably decrease or become depleted if no intervention takes place to lower entropy or replace potential energy within the system.

Homeostasis, in addition, implies the possibility of a natural energy equilibrium within earth’s ecological system. This results if all organisms on earth work together, utilising and transforming potential energy that exists within nature to serve their needs. However, in the current system, human activities (i.e. fossil fuelled ones) are the disrupting changes that prohibit equilibrium energy within the natural environment.

Therefore, in order to achieve equilibrium in energy levels, we have to strive to synchronise activities with natural cycles within our environment and minimise the carbon footprint of human activity on the natural environment. This implies the introduction of an intervention that simulates organisms within the natural environment, serving as part of a holistic system. This will inevitably reduce entropy within the system, diminishing the loss of energy.

“You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete” - Buckminster Fuller, (1895 - 1983). fig 6: conceptual illustration of energy- image by authour

07 argument

08

crop yield

+

bloemhof

bloemhof dam

5km -

250 800 t/ y

250 800 t/ year

50km - regional context -

- 517 t/ year

site

ethanol

N12

- 22, 42Kl/ year vaal river

FEED

- 22, 42Kl/ year The transformation of static agricultural infrastructure to serve as a resilient and productive agro-pastoral CULTIVATION framework, using eco-systemic design principles.

fig 8: the migrating silo as part of a holistic system by author

production volume

christiana

fig 7: new holistig agricultural framework by author

homeostasis

09

Consequently, the proposal is to transform the static typology of the silo into the more kinetic model of the LOCUST – a productive agro-pastoral agricultural framework. The LOCUST will incorporate energy efficient design solutions that will translate potential energy in the form of grain, air and water into kinetic energy that serves as the main supply of energy in these processes. This new kinetic model will make use of kinetic collectors that gather harvested grain within its migrating pattern and deliver it to the main processing facility. Here the harvest will be processed into two alternative forms of energy: the first is silage which will be reintroduced into the pastoral landscape as feed for animals, while the second is a bio fuel that will be sold as an alternative energy supply for transportation. The proposed design will incorporate the fluid landscape in the form of wind, water and grain as an energy source to complete the process of harvesting, storing and distributing produce. By incorporating the fluid landscape it is argued that, inevitably, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced, lowering the impact this human activity and its processes have on the natural ecology; it will then serve as a constituent of a 010holistic system.

22, 42Kl /year

ethanol

CONCEPT

@ 650lt/ ha

159 907,50 t ddgs //year

animal feed

5km

13t

517,50 t/ y

17,25 ha

supply radius

crop fig 9: conceptual illustration of proposed silo/grain infrastructure. by author

fig 10: illustration of the LOCUST as a inegrated agro-pastoral cultivation framework in the productive landscape

locust

bloemhof

To assist the reader with terminology and definitions used in the literature that defines the proposal, a broad overview is provided of the framework and the elements that constitute it.

bloemhof dam

N12

The LOCUST is the proposed design resolution for the hypotheses of the dissertation. The framework is constituted by a network of agro-pastoral activities arranged in the productive landscape. It makes use of kinetic energy (water, wind and grain) harvested from the fluidic landscape to complete the cultivation process.

However, the focus of this design dissertation lies principally with the processing facility of the LOCUST. It will produce silage and bio-fuel as the proposed energy to be injected into the cultivation process.

vaal river Nuclei/ docking stations MIGRATING ROUTE OF THE NOMAD

christiana

water/ river areble land pastoral farms crop farms primary transport/ railway primary transport / road

011

012

secondary transport /farmers

legend

elements BLOEMHOF Existing town on peripheries of Freestate and North-West provincial boundaries.

Currently facilitating the existing district silos.

N12 national road carriageway

ethanol/ bio fuel filling station Proposed new energy that will be injected into the cultivation process, derived from the productive landscape.

VAAL RIVEr- FLUidic energy Proposed fluidic energy to be incorporated in the production process

ethanol/ silage production facility Proposed new energy production facility of the LOCUST, transforming productive harvests into usable energy that is injected in the cultivation process. It is also the focused architectual resolution. auction house Proposed new facility for industrial animal production and district trading.

fig 11: illustration of the LOCUST as a inegrated agro-pastoral cultivation framework in the productive landscape

nomad- the migrating silo Proposed collector pods incorporated into the processing facility of the LOCUST collecting harvested crops along its migrating route.

013

014

productive landscape Proposed new energy that will be injected into the cultivation process, used to produce sialge and bio-fuel.

The aim of this project is to promote localised pastoral farming and reduce the energy consumed in the process of producing silage and the distribution of cultivated harvests.

The proposal investigates the design of a didactic silage production facility using the migrating silo to establish a new kinetic typology in productive infrastructure, meeting the following objectives:

fig 12. conceptual development -by author

015

ouTline brief

016

Establishing the new typology as a productive architectural solution that responsibly serves the community and environment that it moves through, within the set parameters of this proposal. It will incorporate and develop the current process of grain collection, storage and distribution.

This will be achieved through the kinetic transformation of existing static typologies as illustrated below in Figure 11. By breaking up the typology and distributing the processes housed within the design, this will serve a greater network with greater efficiency, using less energy.

fig 13. static to kinetic -by author

The architecture will incorporate sustainable building alternatives to allow the design a natural integration within its environment, informed by an eco-systemic building approach. This approach may be seen in the design of Theo Jansen’s STRANDBEEST, using the natural environment as the design generator; Figure 12.

Aligning the design with these principles will successfully reduce the energy depletion within the new typology, in turn promoting an energy equilibrium within the set parameters of this proposal.

fig 14. biomimicry - source: www. pinterest.com

The successful integration of a homeostatic design will rely on the integration of kinetic energy alternatives to supply power to a facility. These energies will be integrated into the functioning systems that complete processes housed within the facility.

It is proposed that kinetic energy will be drawn from the fluid landscape in the form of wind and water as the primary power supply.

Simultaneously, the potential energy that grain holds in the form of gravity/ weight will also be transferred into a kinetic energy.

fig 15. alternative energy by author

approach In the process of resolving this design hypothesis, pertinent literature was reviewed to determine appropriate design principles that would define the transformation of the existing typology. Relevant research was undertaken relating to the practice of harvesting, distributing and storage of grain and the relative architectural typologies that house these processes. This determined the programme of the new typology and the systems that would be used to complete its functions/ processes.

The study also set out the spatial parameters for accommodation and applied tectonics that were used as design generators for the new typology.

Furthermore, site investigation determined the opportunities and constraints within the pre-determined area of study. This informed the climatic conditions as well as the topographical layout of the context and the influence it has on the design.

Existing infrastructure determined the connection to the context as these structures are integrated to form part of the new proposal.

The succeeding chapters discuss the literature reviewed; the studies that were conducted explain how the design proposal was formulated.

017

fig 16. exploration of the silo as architectural typology source: by author

reseach Methodology

018

limitations

This dissertation sets out the architectural resolution to the hypothesis and describes how this will be integrated and applied to transform the existing typology and address the issues discussed.

However, it should be noted that there are certain aspects to the final resolution that are not addressed.

These relate to practices that cannot be dealt with in the architectural vocation. Furthermore, this proposal considers the inception of a large scale development that spans between Bloemhof and Christiana as the migration route set out for the design, and is not the final proposal for the developed route. It argues and addresses the hypothesis within its own boundaries and will be the starting point for this development. Therefore it can also be regarded as the prototypical development for future proposals along the route and for how they would function.

delimitations The design proposes an architectural intervention that would embody the process of storing and distributing harvested grain. While conceptualising intervals that would serve as nuclei for feed distribution that have been processed on the path of migration, these nuclei were not developed further for the final proposal. Therefore, the final resolution should not be read as a singular entity, but rather as an integral part of the whole development.

type+typology+transformation

theoretical premise 019

fluid architecture

02 020

climate change wooden silo storage expansion

defining type + typology

formalised cultivation

pastoral farming

Full comprehension of the evolvement in architectural type and typology is of the essence, to grasp the need for development of this specific typology. Vidler (1977, p7) defines the historical development in the production of architecture in terms of three distinct typologies. The first is the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment that was originally developed by Abbé Laugier, centralising the natural basis of design as to be taken from the model of the primitive hut. It is argued that this architectural typology was based on basic need, as Laugier theorised that human beings wanted nothing more than to be protected from the sun and the storms. Subsequently, the first silos identified within this typology served only their immediate environment in which they were placed, and were based on basic needs of the patrons in this context as illustrated in Figure 16.

local trek boer

1st typology

community settlement pit silos

grain elevators economic expansion

established development urban development of infrastructure

national

fig 17. grain infrasturcture in the 1st typology. by author

industrial revolution trading and exportation on global scale global warming globalisation 16.8%

industrial processes

transportation fuel 14%

2nd typology development of the silo 1920’s

graph 4. timeline of the silo- by author

21.3% greenhouse gas emmitions annually

fossil feul retrival, processing and distribution

1860’s

This study investigates the relevance and importance of the silo as an existing typology. Key objectives of this study would be the exploration of this existing type and the significant constituents of elements in this structure and the function thereof. Ultimately, this should apprise the generators for this particular dissertation of the possibility of informing future development in this field of study.

11.3%

land use and biomass burning

1980’s

2000’s

3.4% 12.5%

10%

power stations

10.3%

FUTURE

waste disposal and treatment

global

agricultural byproducts

fig 18. grain infrasturcture in the 2nd typology on local scale. by author

residential, commercial and other sources

Annie MG Schmidt House, "breathing new life into the silos, transforming them into an inspiring and lively place which will help shape the character of the new Zeeburgereiland housing district."

Although this is not the proposed development of the typology for this hypothosis, it can be taken as a good example of the development of typology tobecome part of the third architectural typology described by Vidler.

It can be argued as the development from a singular storage entity informed by rational science that follows similar principles in design to that of the primitive hut. Into the industrial typology that facilitates the need for mass production aligning with the firm belief of technological production as described by Vidler, (1977, p8).

From here, a series of studies were carried out to determine in which architectural typology the silo is currently placed.

3rd typology 021 type+typology+transformation

The second typology, according to Laugier, was developed as a result of the need for mass production at the end of the nineteenth century. Le Corbusier describes this as the proposal that identifies the model for architectural design within the process of production Vidler (1977, p7). In terms of this, we can identify the development of the silo, where the fundamentals for the model of design were adapted to the need and the function facilitated in the typology.

022 fig 19. grain infrasturcture in the 2nd typology on global scale. by author

fig 20. seed storage as a type to determine the structure, form, and function of the architectual type - collage by author

023

fig 21. development/silo to determine scale layout and process shown in succeeding diagrams -collage by author

024

025 fig 22. exploration of layout, process and scale of the silo to deterimine the transformation of the new typology. collage by author

026

need

transformation This establishes the background to the evolution of architectural typology and the development of the silo. However, the need for transformation is only identified in the third typology, defined below.

In their writings Sergio Bettini (Zodiac no 5) and G. K König questioned the value of typology in architecture. According to them, a “type” must be treated as a schema of spatial articulation which has been formed in response to a totality of practical and ideological demands.

Essentially, this demonstrates the need for the architectural type to respond to the immediate demand while still accommodating the current production processes that it facilitates. This brings the exploration of the silo/grain elevator into the third typology.

If Vidler (1977, [10]) describes the latter as a typology not to be built up out of separate elements, nor assembled out of objects classified according to use, social ideology or technical characteristics, it then stands complete and ready to be decomposed into fragments. May it then be argued that the same conclusion might be drawn when comparing this classification to the architectural typology of a silo/grain elevator? (Figure 23)

fig 24.conceptual urban proposal bu Eriksen Skajaa Architects

“We propose a new development on the site based on sustainable ecological principles and the need for a semi -urban typology that can cater to the dual need of new housing typologies (young/ elderly/ small families) and a restructuring of the local retail economy.”- Haugerud Proposal for EUROPAN 10 Oslo by Eriksen Skajaa Architects

“ the area of pure intition must be based in a knowledge of past solutions applied to related problems, and that creation is process of adapting forms derived either from past needs

According to Vidler (1977[10]), the new typology developed from these fragmentations will not conform to repeating past typological formations neither will it re-invent institutional type-forms. He describes the transformation as a process of reassembling these fragmentations according to criteria derived from three levels of meaning: the first, inherited from the ascribed means of the past existence of the forms; the second, derived from the specific fragment and its boundaries, and often criss-crossing between previous types and the third, proposed by a re-composition of these fragments in a new context.

Consequently, this process of fragmentation will serve as the element used for the model in the transformation of the silo, to establish a new typology.

or past aestetic ideologies to the needs of the present” fig 23. illustration of fragmentation

-Tomas Maldonado

027

028

“ the idea of an element which should itself serve as a rule for the model” - Quatremère

transformation

In analysing the silo as part of the third typology, it is concluded that it is an existing type that still aligns with principles identified within the second typology. Although the process is essential to this typology, the question of whether it actively contributes within the boundaries of the third typology and its position within this structure may be asked.

This conceptualises the idea of re-assembling the fragments of this typology within a different context. This, in turn, would contribute to an even greater third typology, inheriting forms of its past existence in order to adhere to the immediate demands of its own user, while challenging the process facilitated within this type so as to inform the model for its new design.

029 fig 25.conceptual illustration of the fragmented silo indicating the possible transformation the typology

030

fig 26. conceptual illustration of a possible new typology by author

conclusion

architecture embracing transformation this is the investigation into architecture that adapts and responds to the transformation of its contexts and the environment it is placed fig 27. movement in fluid space. Source: (Woods 2009: 1)

With the core rationale of the project being an eco-systemic building approach; nature and its constituting fundamentals provide elements of transformation to create the new model.

The natural environment, as Woods (2009) describes it, is filled with fluids, air and water. These fluids are in constant flux, constantly changing and relentlessly altering the present condition. Humans have adapted, by natural and technological means, not only to inhabit this fluid space, but also to become dependent on the flux and interactions generated by these fluids (Woods, 2009).

Architecture, however, has traditionally served as the anti-fluid, resisting the flow of these fluids to provide shelter from the storm for human beings (Woods, 2009). In analysing this statement by Woods, the conclusion may be drawn that architecture is a static point within the transformation of nature. Relevant precedent to this may be noticed in the design of the Egyptian pyramids, statically withstanding the turbulences of natural fluids.

Transformation, however, being the basis of this hypothesis, requires an architectural typology that would subsequently celebrate the fluidity of space. Taking nature as a precedent where everything is in a state of constant flux, it will embrace time and change to inform its own creation. This would allow it to interact and evolve with its context, continuously transforming itself and the milieu it serves.How does one formalise this notion into an architectural typology?

How does one formalise this notion into an architectural typology?

Woods (2009) describes exceptions to anti-fluidal architecture, such as those of nomadic tented structures, people’s vehicles and mobile homes, which conservatively have not been considered as architecture. He describes this as a result of characteristics not conforming with the model of resistance to the essential fluidity of space, but, nonetheless, celebrating it. This alludes to architecture of movement, a type of architecture that cannot simply imply the movement of elements within the structure, but also the movement of the structure as a whole, from one place to another. This leads to conceptualising a notion that brings nomadic cultures of the past to mind, as well as the architectural typology identified within this movement and the celebration of fluid space.

fluid architecture

031

fig 28. nomadic tent in the hilltops of ethiopia. source: (intothemiddlekingdom.com)

032

energy harvesting wahter weel in river

main movement shaft propeller

aditives grazing path

silage storage

mixing bowl

bucket elevator

feet for walking

silo/grain storage

energy harvesting windmills

NOMAD

fig 29. nomadic hunter gatherers: source: (National Geographic)

Need, being the basis for the design principle for nomadic architecture, ensures that it embodies only the necessities. It allows the assembly and disassembly of these structures to be easy and efficient. As Nora Wendl, Assistant Professor in the Department of Architecture, Portland State University, writes: “Nomads move from place to place very purposefully in search of the things that sustain them—food, water, and other resources. For the necessarily nomadic, it is often the case that the ways in which temporary, nomadic architectures are constructed will echo the methods by which the nomadic body itself is adorned and protected—to wit, the thick woollen waistcoats worn by nomadic herdsmen tied around their bodies like the wrapping of felt mats around the framework of the home.”(Towards Nomadic Architecture, 2012)

principles of nomadic architecture///

The LOCUST presents the opportunity to apply these principles and embody similar design characteristics. It will make use of the migrating silo which ‘grazes’ through the productive landscape to gather harvested grain whilst incorporating the fluidic landscape as a source of energy. (Figure 28) These migration patterns, as Kronenberg explains, will be similarly determined to those of nomads: by the climatic conditions within the perimeters of their territory (2002, p 17).

By incorporating the fluidic landscape as a source of energy throughout the entire design, the LOCUST will live off the land and serve as part of the productive landscape that it is placed within.

Fragmentation of respective processes and systems in the new typology allows the design to embody a minimalistic approach, using only the necessary energies to complete its process. fig 30: migrating silo (NOMAD), by author

“…the nomad not only passes through the land but 033

lives off it and must be receptive to its nuances.”

034

kronenberg (2002, p 14)

movement in the fluidic landscape/// Building on the concept of remodelling the architectural typology of the silo, movement has been identified as one of the governing elements that will determine the design intent. It is therefore argued that the spatial implications of movement and the effects these will have on the design should be investigated. This, in turn, will determine how movement will be translated into a new architectural typology.

Gideon (1967) defined the term, “space time”, to describe the spatial unit as being subject to movement itself. This implies shifting the definition of the static object to the moving subject.

Hence “the spatial units - or rather no longer units - would enter into successive alignments, dissolving the possibility of unitary identity implied by the notion of the room or module.”

(Schumacher, 1996).

By arguing that the movement of fluids is the predominant source of energy, the spatial definition of the LOCUST will be subjective to the movement of the fluidic landscape. Therefore, by allowing the building to incorporate kinetic energy identified in the fluid landscape, it will be used to define the spatial arrangement of facilities that house processes within the LOCUST. Consequently, these fluidic movements will also determine the form and spatial definition of each facility. This allows the structure not only to facilitate the processes that it houses but also to feed off the land and be receptive to its nuances. This alludes to a more nomadic cultivation approach as proposed by Kronenberg (2002, p 14).

the building will nestle itself in the Vaal River to optimise the integration of the fluidic landscape adjusting itself with the level of the river.

when flooding occurs the building retracts itself from dangerous waterlevels to protect itself whilst stil utelising the energy generated by the movement of the fluid landscape fig 31. moving spatial units, The Fun Palace, Cedric Price source: (http://hacedordetrampas.blogspot.com/)

035

036

fig 32. fluid architectural principles of the LOCUST by author

the architecture itself and the process that it embodies should be defined by the space that it moves through and the space that moves through it

Embracing fluidity of space can also be identified as celebration of the environment or context.This implies the response the building would have to the transformation of its context, that of fluid space, and how it would resemble this transformation. One form of representation or rather celebration could be in the materiality of the architectural manifestation itself. Its own weaknesses and deformation would be a symbol that serves as a documentation of transition through time that has been sculptured by the fluidity of nature. “Such an architecture is one that understands its placement, role and responsibility in relation to the past, present and future. By being engaged in a constant transformative process, the project frees itself from the restrictive boundaries of “old city” vs. “new city,” or “historical” vs. “contemporary”.”

- (He,G 2009, p 3) the LOCUST will embody these principles in materiality by incorporating materials that transform in colour and texture over time.

fig 33. rustic country music studio- new source: ( www.trendir.com )

fig 34. rustic country music studio- 5 years later source: ( www.trendir.com )

037 Embracing transformation ///

038 fig 35. rustic silos source: (http://bloodfilledlungs.deviantart.com/)

Woods raises the issue that the architecture of movement nevertheless draws attention to the concern of social instability. Without any coherent location or site, the development of cohesive and coherent communities of people seems impossible (Woods, 2009, p 2).

However, he compares this model of society influenced by mobile architecture to that of the internet, where ephemeral electronic systems of communication act as the connection between diverse people and places, serving as a ‘lateral’ non-hierarchical system of order. It can be described as a network of constantly shifting centres occupied by individuals who come and go unpredictably.

Although there would be no hierarchical chain of command, the network would still exist and function as a whole.

This could only come about as a result of the collaborative efforts of all the constituents of this network, as seen in the architectural counterpart of Archigram’s “The Walking Cities” where the “nomadic lifestyle promotes the collaboration of different cultures and information. This is mainly achieved by the concept of structures being able to “plug-into” utilities and information networks” – (Sutherland 1992, P8).

The LOCUST in analogue will serve its environment similarly with a set up network of established nuclei. These nuclei have constituents that contribute to the network as a whole therefore allowing the system to function as a whole.

With each constituent partaking there will always be deliverables for the others within the network.

“This would also enable the project to eradicate the concept of boundaries to a specific site location. The project might instead treat its site as simply a point of arrival that can be mined for its own existing collection of narratives and transformations, from which the intervention will begin to apply its existence and influence in a way that attempts to be more than just a footprint or bookmark in time, but instead taps into the genius loci, the true nature of the site by becoming synergistic with its context and the passing of time, as opposed to resisting it.” – (He,2009, p 3)

bloemhof

Implications of movement

bloemhof dam

N12

vaal river

christiana

fig 36. walking cities source: (www.seasteading.org)

039

fig 37. LOCUST network and its constituents, by author

040

systems

incorporation of movement

In addition to celebrating transformation and fluidity of space, these natural elements may also determine movement itself. By embracing said fluidity of space and incorporating these natural elements in the transformation from static to kinetic it will allow the LOCUST to utilize the energy housed in these fluids.

As Woods (2009, p3) states, our existence has become dependent on the utilisation of these fluids.

fig 38. water wheel to cature the kinetic energy housed in the fludic nature of water source: (famouswonders.com)

The energy found in the fluidic landscape will serve as the primary source of energy in the building and will be transformed with kinetic systems that incorporated the movement of the fluidic landscape to complete the process that’s housed within the facility.

VAAL RIVER

gravity propelled conveyor belts kinetic energy of river harvested with water wheel

041

042

fig 39. examples of applied kinetic systems in LOCUST

conclusion

If an architectural typology that celebrates and embraces the fluidity of space is created, it would have the ability to fragment the processes of harvesting, distributing and storing grain whilst minimalising the energy depletion in agricultural food cultivation.

This new typology would then serve part of a holistic cultivation system similar to a natural eco system. Where every constituent to the system is an integral part of the network, positively contributing to each other.

043

044

fig 40. conceptual illustration of movement and connections in a fluidic landscape, by author

STRANDBEEST

precedents045

MODULAR SHELTERS

HORIZON HOUSES

03 046

principles to apply

STRANDBEEST

fig 41. anchored STRANDBEEST. source: (www.strandbeest.com)

fig 42. STRANDBEEST. source: www.pieces-at-random.com

The STRANDBEEST displays principles for the design of a kinetic model simulating the natural environment through bio-mimicry. This investigation analysed the movement of the beast and the systems it uses to function.

The beast’s movement simulates that of walking, which makes it easier to navigate over difficult terrain. fig 44. kinetic energy generated by using wind

It uses kinetic energy generated from wind in the fluidic landscape for it to survive. This energy creates movement within beast and can also be stored to allow the beast to survive even when there is an ebb in natural energy resources. However the structural stability of these creatures are still questionable as they have only the ability to support their own weight.

These “creatures” serve as valid precedents in the development of the new typology, generating principles of bi-mimicry and the mechanisation of movement that is applied in the design of the LOCUST.

fig 45. gears and mechanisations used to transfer energy

to processing systems

The LOCUST will make use of this principle by integrating turbines on its collector pods to capture kinetic energy in the form of wind. This energy will be used to retrieve and deliver harvested crop.

The energy harvested will then be transferred into processing systems that use mechanical gears to transfer loads. These systems will form part of the production process and will be integrated in the main facility as well as the collector pods.

fig 43. STRANDBEEST wind movement. source: www.strandbeest.com

fig 46. walking motion of the beast

The walking motion of the beast is also integrated in the collector pods, as this is the most sufficient way of navigating the difficult terrain that is found next to the Vaal River.

theo jansen

047 fig 48. illustration of the STRANDBEEST. source: (www.strandbeest.com)

048

fig 47. storing of energy fig 44-47 by author

Similar to the STRANDBEEST, energy will be stored and redistributed at later stages as a result of fluxating natural resources due to seasonal climatic patterns.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY MODULAR SHELTERS

fig 49. modular shelters. source: (JPA)

jones I partners

“The Stanford Utility Kiosk system assembly prototype is an expansive distillation of the architectural elements traditionally elucidated by the primitive hut exercise. It deploys an emphatic, but straightforward, expression to mark space rather than shelter. The actual programmatic requirement for protection from the elements is served by a secondary system, as are the more specific requirements that turn the system into, say, a bike rack or bus shelter.

The primitive hut demonstrates the essential distance between existence and expression that a project interested in essence must negotiate and record; the kiosk understands this as an exhortation to constrain the excess necessary for expression to the axis of purpose alone.�- (JPA. 1996. )

049 fig 50. illustration of the modular shelters by author

These shelters question the definition of necessity and function of space and shelter in the traditional sense. Their designs apply different systems to meet requirements of each element in necessity and function focussing more on the purpose alone. It is argued that similar principles of design will be applied in the design of the LOCUST focusing on the purpose and the need. The structure is therefore designed to serve only the process and in turn determines the spatial definition of each facility. Precedent is also found in materiality of these structures taking lead from 050robustness and functionality of the materials applied.

HORIZON HOUSES The investigation into perpetual architecture is influenced by the drawings and designs of Lebbeus Woods. He investigates the possibility that architecture could create its own horizon as seen in these examples of the Wheel house, the Star and the Block house. In these designs, Woods focuses on the ability of architecture to move and adapt to its environment, creating new spaces within the design, each time questioning the impact these altering spaces would have on their inhabitants.

It is proposed that these structures propel themselves to move from one location to the next with the use of hydraulics.

fig 54

fig 55

fig 53. invert of section through star house by author

fig 51. block house source: (www.http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/) fig 52. section throug star house. source: (www.http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/)

lessons learned

With this analysis consideration is taken to the effect movement in vertical and horizontal planes will have on the spatial quality and definition experienced by the patron to the building. It alludes to the notion of “space time” as defined by Gideon where spatial units would enter into successive alignments at different intervals and therefore dissolve the possibility of a unitary identity. Similar to this the spatial definition of the LOCUST will constantly be shifting to accommodate the ebb of the fluidic landscape and the incorporation of fluids into functioning production systems.

Consequently the spatial definition in the design will be informed by the movement of the fluidic landscape to create and define “space time” for the custodians to the facility.

fig 56

fig 57

lebbeus woods

051

052

fig 54-58 horizon houses by lebbeus woods source: (http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/)

fig 58

case study

fig 48. modular shelters. source: (JPA)

053

054 fig 59. ppc cement production plant by author

PPC CEment production plant PPC Cement production plant is situated on the western peripheries of Pretoria and serves as the company’s headquarters, it yields 70% of South-Africa’s total production volume.

The study was conducted to analyse the spatial relationship of an architectural typology housing a production process and the relationship between system, process and facility.

Deliverables

With the technological revolution a surge in new development of operating systems forced the facility to progress with the movement and replace their control systems with computer operated controllers.

Deliverables

DISORIENTATION

technology

As a patron to the facility a sense of disorientation was also noted, this is as a result of interlinking produc-tion facilities and a process driven design approach to spatial arrangements.Although the LOCUST will be a process driven architectural resolution the spatial arrangement and definition should be in such a manner that user and visitor to the facility should have a clear knowledge and understanding of their orientation.

This will be achieved by creating open working spaces that allows operators to have a clear view of functioning systems whilst pathways and movement routes will be marked with hierarchical elements to orientate the patrons in each facility. Raised pathways and viewing decks also allow the observer to view the process from a vantage point with minimal overlapping/ intrusion with the actual working space of the functioning systems. These design approaches should ensure that each patron uses the facility to its maximum capacity.

fig 60. tranditional operating system

fig 62. conglomeration walkways and bridges

Robustness

CONTROLS

However from an operating perspective it was noted that this resulted in numerous issues regarding start up times of processing systems and the easy with which issues were resolved in any occurrence.

This as a result of new technology that compacted the overall controller view over a few computer screens, where in the past it was viewed as a parallel system. This gave the operators a clear view of the whole production system and allowed them to control the whole process with ease.

Materiality of structures throughout the facility was of a robust nature to handle the volume and nature of the product that has to be processed.

Figure 60 indicates the mill processing 160 tons of gravel per minute and subsequently has to be able to handle this volume and the impact the material has on the system.

It is argued then that the LOCUST will need to adhere to similar properties in materiality and structure as it would facilitate analogous production systems.

It is therefore noted that operating systems in the LOCUST will align with new technologies but should coherently function with the production process. It should run parallel to create a clear view of the system as a whole and allow the operaters to achieve maximum production capacity out of the system.

fig 63. gravel mill fig 61. parallel control panel

055

056

approach

context 057

analysis

genius loci

PROPOSAL

04 058

fig 64-70 extrapolation excersice communicating site selection. by author (http://www.southafricanweather.co.za/)

/// VEGETATION MAP

/// ANUAL RAINFALL

APPROACH

When overlaying these extrapolations, it becomes obvious that the major concentration occurs on the northern boundaries of the Free State where it connects with the North West Province. Available statistics (Stats SA.2009) highlight these two provinces as the main contributors in the agricultural sector, with the highest crop volume and animal trading industry. (Graph 6) In other words, the identified study area represents the greatest potential of natural fluids being transferred into kinetic energy. It is argued that the introduction of the LOCUST will result in a considerable energy saving when delivering this volume of crops whilst serving pastoral farmers with feed.

/// MAXIMUM SOLAR GAIN MAP

fig 71. extrapolation conclusion and overlay to deterimine site region by author

Within this identified area the proposed site is situated on the embankments of the Vaal River. The 56km long artery runs parallel to the N12 between Christiana and Bloemhof.

These two towns present the opportunity for the design to “plug into� the existing network of agricultural infrastructure.

bloemhof

bloemhof dam

N12

Woods (2009, p2) claims that the natural environment is filled with fluids, air and water, that are in constant flux, updating the present condition.

determining fluid space

NORTH

/// PROPOSED WIND/ SOLAR DEVELOPMENT SITES ( CSIR )

/// MAIN ROADS > RAILWAY > PROVINCE CAPITAL

/// AVERAGE TEMPERATURE MAP

Nomads, considered as a group, are constantly moving in an endless search for food and other resources to sustain themselves. Consequently, it would be impossible to determine a specific site location that could be defined as their home. In the same way, with the LOCUST, its collectors is proposed to be constantly moving, so as to collect resources that would provide it with the energy needed to sustain itself. In previous chapters, these resources have been identified as natural fluids in the form of air, water and grain. Therefore in the process of determining a location to introduce this intervention, it becomes imperative to identify a site that permits the optimal incorporation of these fluids.

Figures 54 to 59 illustrate a study that was performed to identify locations in South Africa that house these ideal conditions. In each instance, an extrapolation was carried out that connects these locations to the specific field of study.

059

The notion of the design being the transformation of the silo, thus becoming an active component to the third typology, necessitates a further investigation into site and context. The site and its connections are defined within the greater rural context. The resultant analysis informs the design resolution attempting to recompose the fragmented typology of the silo as part of the third typology.

vaal river

christiana

fig 72. identified site location between bloemhof and christiana by author field crop sales

north west free state

060

site

R2001-3999 mil

animal sales >= R4000mil

>= R5000 mil

graph 5- production statistics in south-africa by author, source of (stats: http://www.statssa.gov.za/- agriculture)

>= R5000mil

analysis bloemhof

bloemhof

bloemhof dam

bloemhof dam

N12

N12

vaal river

vaal river

fig 64 by author

christiana

christiana

fig 74. by author

fig 73. by author

open/ fluid space/ boundaries/ edges

paths

This diagram indicates the open spaces on site defined by existing elements namely the Vaal River, the N12 highway and the cultivated landscape. These edges or boundaries define the productive landscape. It is proposed that the route of the LOCUST’s collector pods is established within these open spaces, thus embracing the natural fluids within its context.

As Lynch (1960, p 62), describes edges as linear elements serving as the boundaries between phases. It is – a break in continuity, shores, railroad cuts, edges of development and walls.

The diagram indicates the potential path of movement for the LOCUST’s collector pods between Christiana and Bloemhof. The natural topography of the site serves as the rural counterpart to the urban path that could be described as a channel along which the observer customarily, occasionally, or potentially moves. According to Lynch (1960, p 41) the channels may be streets, walkways, transit lines canals or railroads. Along these paths, different elements are arranged thus interacting with the observer.

061

rural

062

analysis bloemhof

bloemhof

bloemhof dam

bloemhof dam

N12

N12

vaal river

vaal river

fig 64 by author

christiana

christiana

fig 76. by author

fig 75. by author

Connections/ links

paths

“When suitably differentiated within, a district can express connections with other city features. The boundary must now be penetrable: a seam, not a barrier. District may join to district, by juxtaposition, indivisibility, relation to a line, or by some link such as a mediating node, path or small district.�- (Lynch, 1960, p 41). In a similar manner the site is recognised as a district serving as a connecting path between the identified nodes while acknowledging certain structures as landmarks. Therefor the site will connect with other districts and plug into a network of existing agricultural activities.

Lynch (1960, p 41) describes nodes as strategic points in a city allowing the observer to enter, thus allowing focus along the route of travel.

Different examples are primarily junctions, places of a break in transportation, a crossing or convergence of paths, moments of shift from one structure to another. This diagram indicates the nodes identified within the district. Defined by their connections to existing road crossings, the nodes serve as docking stations where farmers are able to collect processed feed. Also serving as landmarks, it will define the site and provide a point of reference to the patrons and visitors of this district.

rural

063

064

genius loci

“Moving elements in a city, and in particular the people and their activities, are as important as the stationary physical parts. We are not simply observers of this spectacle, but are ourselves a part of it, on the stage with the other participants. Most often, our perception of the city is not sustained, but rather partial, fragmentary, mixed with other concerns.� Nearly every sense is in operation, and the image is the composite of them all. - (Lynch, 1960, p 2).

By analysing this site as an analogue of the city, the LOCUST and its constituents will embody the same kinetic characteristics as that of a city and its inhabitants. On a macro scale the discussed elements will be grouped into an overall pattern to define a new agricultural district. This should transform the model of the silo into the new typology serving as part of a new productive agricultural district. By creating this overall pattern it will establish the image of the district and create a legible framework, for all its patrons. fig 77. R59 to Bloemhof. Silos as a landmark in the landscape

065

066

proposal

bloemhof

bloemhof dam

N12

vaal river

christiana 067

068 fig 78. proposed site development for the productive landscape

The effective use of the discussed elements should assist in formulising the design resolution on an almost macro scale. This should result in a certain legibility when displaying the architectural interventions that constitute to this new “district�.

Figure 74 depicts the new proposed productive agricultural district.

It indicates the nodes that are established and how they are linked by the path of the LOCUST’s collector pods. These nodes will also serve as docking stations where pastoral farmers can collect feed for their animals and act as landmarks within the framework. It is proposed that one of these nodes will serve as the processing facility for the LOCUST. Specific site selection and analysis will follow to determine certain parameters for the architectural resolution.

fig 80. site selection- superimposition of line, point and surface

fig 79. site selection- superimposition of line, point and surface

By amplifying the scale of the contextual analysis a possible site for the intervention is identified on the embankments of the Vaal River.

The drawing indicates an opportunity for the LOCUST to nestle itself between existing agricultural entities and natural topographical boundaries to attach itself to existing infrastructure and utilize the natural energy resources harvested from the Vaal river.

Further exploration of the proposed site was done to formalise a point of inception for the LOCUST. It is proposed that this point will serve as the basis for development. From here the design will be integrated with the cultivated landscape to establish a holistic productive landscape.

It implores Bernard Tschumi’s theory of point, line and surface to define this starting point.

Tschumi (Archidose.org, 1999) superimposes these 3 ordering systems to determine a series of calculated tensions establishing a sense of place for the site.

With these drawings - point, line and surface was used to obtain an understanding for the cultivated landscape and assist in the process of defining the site location. It identifies points of interaction between agricultural entities within the parameters of the design as well as the infrastructure and natural topography that defines the cultivated landscape.

069

selection 070

regional analysis Regional analysis also brings to light the opportunity for the design to link with the existing national roadway (N12). It would serve the commuters of this route with alternative energy in the form of bio fuel produced from the productive landscape. The notion of this energy injection is derived by taking precedent from Pertoport Alzu. It is argued that this filling station serves as the midpoint stopping point for travellers commuting on the route between Pretoria and Mbombela. Therefore the LOCUST could serve the same purpose for travellers between Potchefstroom and Kimberly.

071 fig 81. interpretive graphic of travel distances between indicated destinations

072 fig 82. sketch of Petro port Alzu on N4 to Mbombela as an energy efficiency planning precedent

“what if?�

propsal

existingman made The drawing indicates the formalised proposal for the development of the LOCUST and site development for the natural intervention. It is proposed that fig 83 topographical exploration of existing the architectural resolution will attach to existing infrastructure to save energy in the construction process whilst utilising the potential energy of the Vaal River below. It will act fluidic energy as the link between existing fig 84 natural energy resources agricultural infrastructure and the productive landscape.

From here new points of activation will be established in the landscape. These points will be developed to serve part of the intervention, injecting new energy into the cultivation potential fluidic process therefore fig 85 utilising existing energy harvesting minimalizing the entropy described by Woods, in the cultivation process. linear arrangement topgraphical hierarchal of process termination termination The conceptual layout of the design focus on a linear arrangement of production process across the span of the bridge, to utilise the existing structure and access the fluidic fig 86 conceptual exploration scale,form, layout and structure energy of the river. By using a linear arrangement the LOCUST should express movement, extension and growth (Ching, 1943, p 207). This growth will be focused by terminating some of the processes in the natural topography and using landmark hierarchical elements on either sides of the river. fig 87 conceptual drawing of the LOCUST

site

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

fig 88. master framework

landmark/ water tower link to existing silos bio feul filling station energy harvesting silage production harvest collector link silage collection point/ produce market auction kraals entrance to develoment landmark/ tower animal feed delivery

point from field harvest collector docking station energy harvesting point in river animal feed delivery

point from field feed delivery point for farmers

1 2 3

4

12

5 6 7

11 8

10 9

12

14

073

074

13

analysis

the following drawings indicate an exploration of the site.

It shows certain oppertunities and constrains that were identified on site as well as climatic conditions that will influence the final resloution of the design.

fig 90

075

076

fig 89

site

analysis The drawing indicates a conceptual spatial arrangement and layout of the LOCUST as a result of critical site analysis. It is proposed that the facility will connect to the existing infrastructure serving that serves as the link between the productive landscape and the formalised development of Bloemhof.

Structures are arranged to link perpendicular to the bridge using existing structure to support the new facility. In turn this allows the Locust maximum harvesting energy capacity of the river’s fluidic energy.

It also shows the proposed connection of the processing facility with the productive landscape and where its connection points will be.

077 fig 91

078

proposal fig 92

site

brief

programme

accomodation

05

design paramaters 079

080

This chapter concludes previous chapters presents the specific design resolution

brief The architectural resolution should reflect the successful transformation of static typologies used within the agricultural sector to harvest, store and distribute food into a more kinetic model. This will be achieved by altering the existing silo, identified within the second typology, in order to integrate it within the third typology described by Anthony Vidler. The design applies the principles of the latter typology, using the city as a model of development for the new typology. Therefore the LOCUST will de-compose elements of the existing typology and re-assemble them into a new context.

In turn the process embodied by the LOCUST will determine the programme for the design itself, while the seamless integration of the intervention into fluid space will inform the architectural and functional requirements for the new typology.

081

082

fig 93 illustration, static to kinetic by author

brief

The programme of the LOCUST is determined by the existing production processes that the design aims to transform. These include the harvesting, storage and distribution of food. The mentioned processes are individually analysed and reconstructed to constitute to a singular entity that will embody all these processes.

083 fig 94 illustration of the complete production process of agrricultural cultivation

Harvesting can be better defined as the process of grain collection. Historically, this was carried using manual labour; however, as a result of technological evolution, mechanical ‘beasts now ‘graze’ over cultivated land, collecting large volumes of yield. The harvests are then transferred from the grain collector to a nearby truck following the grain collector along its journey until it reaches full capacity. This load is then transported to a regional silo where the grain is graded, processed and stored for distribution and trading.

084 fig 95 illustration of the agrricultural cultivation process

programme

HARVESTING

conclusion

storage When the grain is delivered to the facility, it is transferred into different compartments within the silo, according to the grade and proposed use. This grain is later re-distributed using trucks, trains and boats to deliver it to the required markets.

distribution

programme

This process forms the integral link between the harvested grain, the silo and the user of the processed crop. Processed grains are distributed using trucks, trains and boats generally traveling vast distances to deliver this grain.

fig 96 illustration of the process within a silo

<<< fig 97 illustration of the productive landscape with an energy injection and its diliverables

085

086

It can be concluded that the successful implementation of the LOCUST will be fragments of these production processes established in a productive network of agricultural cultivation. Nonetheless for the intervention to be successful the design will have to embody all these processes whilst still accommodating current volumes of production. It is proposed that these fragments will be active constituents to the cultivation process. They will therefore be strategically placed within the productive landscape to assist in completing these processes using the fluidic landscape as a source of energy. However as Woods (2009, p 2) states: â&#x20AC;&#x153;the entropy of a system will increase unless new energy is injected into the systemâ&#x20AC;?. Therefore these initiatives alone wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t ensure that energy depletion in the cultivation process will decline and it is proposed that an alternative energy resource should be injected into the cultivation system.

This conceptualises the notion of bio-fuel and silage production respectively as a form of energy for transportation and pasturing animals.

bio-fuel

As a result the processes of bio-fuel and silage production were investigated to determine how this would define the new typology of the LOCUST

silage

conclusion

The exploration determined that both processes employ similar processing systems in to produce their respective products, this as a result of silage being one of the secretions of bio-fuel production.

Consequently it is proposed that the LOCUSTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s will facilitate the production processes of ethanol plant to produce both silage and bio-fuel that will serve as the energy injection into the productive landscape.

087 fig 98 illustration of the production process of silage

088 fig 99 illustration of the production line of ethanol production

FERMENTATION | RECIEVING DOSING AND MIXING OF ADDITIVEs receiving â&#x20AC;&#x201C; additives data collection fermentation chambers boardroom laboratories

6b

05

DISTILLATION

distillation columns data collection - offices control room

6c

MOLUCULAR SIEVE

RESEARCH

sieve data collection - offices control room

data processing offices controll room storage silo

ethanol storage bins administratio offices controll dock filling station - filling platform - cafe - public viewing area

6a

08

CENTERFUGE

6b 6a

human resources staff qauters public viewing decks basement parking

centerfuge sieve data collection - offices control room

7A

STOCKING | LOUDOUT | PACKAGING - silage ddgs receiving bins controll dock processing floor - weigh station - packaging - palleting

089

accomodation

6c

It is proposed that the LOCUST will systematically be integrated in the productive landscape and therefore focusses on an architectural resolution that facilitates ethanol and silage production.

However for this dissertation the design resolution will only focus on silage production as the architectural response whilst broadly outlining ethanol production in form, scale and layout as contextual reference for the design.

The program and accommodation consequently also serves as a design generator for the architecture and will be developed in the succeeding chapters.

090

01

05

04

mashing pit

LOADOUT DISTRIBUTION - ethanol

03

02

docking station temporary grain storage receiving bins control room workshop storage - equipment + rainwater storage - solar energy

MASHING | LIQUIFICATION

7b

proccessing | control | storage | dat recovery silo storage data collection - offices processing shed public viewing deck storage workshop deliveries + collections

7b

processing facility

recieving | stockin | milling

03

Silage and ethanol production

02

fig 100 illustration of the production line facilitated in the LOCUSTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

01

04

concept

conceptual development091

parti

site interventions

NOMAD

design pallet

LOCUST

06 092

‘‘...it then stands complete and ready to be decomposed into fragments...’’

concept

fig 101 conceptual graphic of the static to kinetic transformation of the silo

093

094

The transformation of static agricultural infrastructure to serve as a resilient and productive agro-pastoral CULTIVATION framework, using eco-systemic design principles.

fig 102 parti diagram exploration by author

The parti diagram depicts the transformation of the existing static typology of the silo into a kinetic model. It explores the structural arangement of all the elements within the design, on the site level as well as translating this into a conceptual spatial arrangement for the interventionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposed framework. It proposes a main axis that will serve as a formal arranement for kinetic movement whilst linking it to the proposed framework and existing infrustructure.

initiating movement

formalising the framework

formalising the framework

establising potential inertia

natural topogrophy heart movement odering principle link

fig 103 parti diagram on site level

095

096

fig 104 parti diagramon framework/ district level

r59

r59

to b

to b

loe m

loe m

ho

ho

f

In the conceptual development of the LOCUST it is argued that the proposed intervention should be the successful reassembly of decomposed elements of the silo in a productive cultivation framework. These elements were identified as the processes of harvesting, distributing and storage of grain from the productive landscape. In turn this brought forward the notion of the NOMAD that would graze through the productive landscape and collect harvested grain.It is proposed that it would have designated nodes serving as docking stations for the machine to deliver and collect the grain from.

f

site interventions

te

te

u ro ad

m

no

temporary silo 2 d pst a oo to h

productive landscape

plan

legend

r59

r59

productive landscape

to h

oo

pst a

d

rain water tank 3 solar energy battery storage 4 feeding pen 5

legend

3 4

3 2

temporary silo 2

u ro ad

m

no

temporary silo

The following diagrams depict the exploration of these docking stations and their specific functions served within the LOCUST.

grain harvester 1

bri dge

vaal river

bri dge

vaal river

2

4

5

grain transfer system 3 NOMAD 4

3

2

1 1

perspective

perspective link with THE NOMAD

4

link with feeding shed 1

097 fig 105 conceptual sketch of the NOMAD collecting grain

098 fig 106 conceptual sketch of a feeding shed connected to a crop field

5

f

f

ho

ho

loe m

loe m

to b

to b

r59

r59 te

te

u ro ad

m

u ro ad

m

no

1

5

to h

oo

4

6

2 5

3

plan

plan plough 1 pivot 2

control room 1 temporary holding pen 2

6

retractable planter 3 wheel/ navigation system 4

feeder box 3 auction holding pen 4

5

sprinkler irrigation 5 energy/ control system 6

public viewing deck 5 feeder box 6 3

perspective 2

cultivation system

pst a

pst a

productive landscape

legend

r59

4

2

to h r59

4

1

3

oo

productive landscape

6

d

d

no

bri dge

vaal river

bri dge

vaal river

4

perspective auction house

1

099 fig 107 conceptual sketch of the LOCUSTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cultivation system that plants, cultivates, and harvests grain.

0100 fig 108 conceptual sketch of a auction house in the LOCUSTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s framework

legend

Fig. 110: conceptual sketch of the process in the NOMAD

Fig. 111: conceptual sketch of the process in the NOMAD

In turn this lead to the conceptual development of the NOMAD. The spatial arrangement was informed by conceptualising the layout in a graphical representation of what the author perceived the migrating silo to be, both in plan and in perspective. This graphic results from the visualisation process in formulating the design. It identifies elements of the production line in colour and form while arranging them to structure the process within the system, to define the conceptual spatial resolution for the author. From here, the design was explored and formalised to determine the final design synthesis for the NOMAD.

NOMAD 0101

0102 Fig. 112: conceptual illustration of the NOMAD

receiving bin

harvesting

storage

energy collection/ movement

navigation Fig. 109: conceptual sketch of the NOMAD collecting and distributing

NOMAD

0103

0104

Fig. 114: illustration of the NOMAD on its migrational path over obsticles on its route

0105

0106

Fig. 115: illustration of the NOMAD harvesting fluidic energy from river

0107

0108

plan of process

silage The diagram depicts the processes of harvesting, distribution and storing of grain incorporated in the design of the NOMAD. It also indicates how the process of silage of production will be completed within the system.

silage 0109

0110 Fig. 116: illustration of the NOMADâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s processing systems

perspective of process

Fig. 117: illustration of the NOMADâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s processing systems

0111

0112

embracing fluidity of space to generate kinetic energy

0113 Fig. 118: section of the NOMADâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy harvesting systems

0114 Fig. 119: section of the NOMADâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy harvesting systems

design pallet

process In the preceding chapters it was established that LOCUST would be constituted out of a network of agricultural cultivation activities, with the NOMAD serving these nuclei by collecting and distributing harvested grain within this framework. One of these nodes being the processing facility of the LOCUST. This facility also serves as the proposed architectual resolution for this dissertation.

It is proposed that the existing bridge will be used as a linear organising principle to arange the prosed processing systems along the axis of the bridge.

plan

Fig. 121: conceptual arrangement along a linear axis of the bridge

It is argued that the program of this facility would be determined by silage and ethanol production. In turn this programme and its processes were used to define the spatial arrangement of the processing facility on the proposed site. The following diagrams are used to document the exploration undergone by the author in the process of defining the final desing reslotion for this facility.

In the conceptual development of the LOCUST the existing bridge linking North West and the Freestate serves as the point of inception for this intervention. This structure wil be integrated into the processing facilityand will be the stereotomic anchoring of the design to the site.

plan

plan Fig. 123: exploration of processes along bridge axis

Fig. 122: exploration of processes along bridge axis

0115

section Fig. 120: sketch of the existing bridge at Bloemhof linking Freestate and North West provinces over the Vaal river

0116 plan

Fig. 124: exploration of processes along bridge axis

Process was identified as one of the principle design generators in the development of this facility and was therefore used to explore form, structure and scale. These images depict conceptual models that were built to assist the author in formalizing a final architectural resolution. From here the succeeding design development illustrations will explain how process informed the tectonics of the proposal.

0117

0118

design pallet

/form

process

storage containers from NOMAD

It is proposed that the NOMAD mills overhead crane drops harvested grain on its migration route grain into receiving as part of the production process and bins then deliver this produce to processing facility The receiving shed should therefore receiving bins have a platform for the NOMAD to gravity conveyor wheel unload produce that it has collected. In turn the structure will also have a long span roof for an unobstructed working conveyor platform. The processing systems will be controlled by a manually operated platform for NOMAD overhead crane using fluidic energy perspective from the river.

centrifuge centrifuge

Fig. 126: conceptual 3d of receiving shed

energy harvesting water wheel in river

link into building

transfered into processing system

study area gravity conveyor transporting grain from receiving bins conveyor to processing shed

plan Fig. 125: conceptual layout of production process over bridge

0119

Fig. 127: conceptual plan of receiving shed

0120

plan

legend

1

perforated mashing bowl

public walway processing silos

weight pulleys

packaged ddgs The processing shed serves as the main facility for the production process. It will be the hub between all processes and activities within the facility. Here silage/ ddgs will be processed and packaged to be distributed. The structure attaches to the spine of the intervention in form of a movement corridor spanning the length of the bridge. In turn this link facilitates the movement of public, staff and services over the river.To accommodate processing equipment and a unobstructed workspace it is proposed that this facility will also be a large open volume with adjacent entities attaching to it.

solar screen service duct/ conveyor system

concrete basin

existing bridge river

Section

Fig. 128: conceptual section of processing shed

energy harvesting water wheel in river

Fig. 130: conceptual perspective of mashing pit

perspective

view

The mashing pit is the liquefaction of milled produce in the production process. It is proposed that water from the river will be incorporated in this process. Therefore the base of this facility is partially submerged in the river.

Produces is dropped into the perforated mashing bowl which is lowered into the concrete basin. When the liquefaction is complete the fluid is drained and excess solids are disposed of.

service duct/ conveyor system solar screen processing silos river

proseesing shed

ddgs receiving bins control rooms

concrete basin

conveyor from receiving shed processing floor

perforated mashing bowl

storage

weight pulleys deliveries / collection

legend plan

2/7a

Fig. 129: conceptual plan of processing shed

Fig. 131: conceptual plan of receiving shed

0121

0122

plan

legend

3

fermentation tanks

movement core The liquefied produce from the mashing pit is stored here in fermentation tanks until the secreted ethanol and water mixture is transferred to distillation columns. The facility utilizes energy from the river to transfer materials between processing systems. A flood prevention system enables the facility to float when flooding occurs.

water wheel/ energy harvesting laboratories

river

Section

distilation column

Distilation is done by heating the ethanol and water mixture in friction heaters.

The mixture then evaporates and is cooled down by running water from the river over the systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s run off pipes.

Water is elevated from the river using a bucket elevator generating energy from the river.

gas feed from friction heaters

Fig. 132: conceptual section of fermentation shed

river movement core water from river to condensate gasses

fermentation shed

fermentation tanks control room laboratories boardroom open deck

legend plan

4

Fig. 133: conceptual plan of fermentation shed

0123

0124

Fig. 134: conceptual section of a distilation column wiith water being run over gas pipes

section

legend

5

In the centrifuge ethanol segregations are separated and then dried to produce ddgs/ silage . This is achieved by spinning the mixture at high speed until fluids with different densities are separated.

It is proposed that the facility use the energy of the river to complete this process and is therefore placed directly over the river.

From here the silage is transported back to the processing shed to be packaged and distributed.

Human resources are defined by staff quarters and public viewing interfaces.

This facility attaches itself to the existing bridge for structural support and can be defined by its use of tectonic forms and materiality.

viewing deck monitoring facility

spinning centerfuge drum

water wheel/ energy harvesting

centrifuge

river

legend plan

6a

Fig. 135: conceptual perspective of the centerfuge accesing the rivers energy to complete its processes

0125

0126

Fig. 136-137: conceptual illustrations of the structural

development the public viewing deck.

section

legend

8

recieving | stockin | milling

2

proccessing | control | storage | dat recovery

3

MASHING | LIQUIFICATION

4

FERMENTATION | RECIEVING DOSING AND MIXING OF ADDITIVEs

5

distillation

to b loe mh of

process

1

R59

7b

6a

CENTERFUGE- silage

6b

molecular sieve- Ethanol

6c

research

ETH

ANO

RES E

ARC

6c MO

LUC

7a

STOCKING | LOUDOUT | PACKAGING - silage

7b

LOADOUT DISTRIBUTION - ethanol

8

human resources

ULA

VAAL RIVER/ FLUIDIC ENERGY

6b

L

HL

RS

AB

IEV

E

CE

NTE RFU G

E

6a

6a

DIS TIL CO ATION LUM NS

3

3 TEMPORARY STOCKING BINS

INS

MA

REC EIV ING B

SHIN GP IT

5

NOMAD

SILAGE INDUSTRIAL FARM AND AUCTION HOUSE

oop

0128

to h

0127

R59

Fig. 138: final conceptual layout of processes over bridge

stad

RECEIVING BINS

FERMENTATION SHED

UA RTE RS

8 FF Q

STO

8

KAG ING

2

PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE

4

7a

STA

NG

ADO UT/

LI

G/ LO

2

IL

PAC

M

grain harvester

CKIN

RESEARCH

SILO

MOLUCULAR SIEVE

STO RAG E

4

BIN S

1

SILAGE

Fig. 139: diagramatical layout of processes and their functions

DD

GS

7a

1

5

6c

5

6b

4 7a

2

8

7b 6a 3

1

0129 Fig. 140: conceptual plan processing facility

plan

0130 Fig. 141: conceptual perspective of the processing facility

perspective

fig 142. source: www.slipnot.com

fig 143. source: www.imgkid.com

fig 144. source: www.image.3sir.net

fig 145. source: www.slipnot.com

tectonic

processing silo

Mentis grating

fig 147. source: www.archiexpo.com

CORTEN STEEL

processing floor

timber

fig 148. source: www.tonglesteel.com

stereotomic

fig 146. source: www.dreamstime.com

perforated copper

conveyor duct

gabian

concrete

mild steel

The LOCUSTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s materiality and structure is informed by both; the process that it facilitates together with the environment that it is placed within. The base is defined by structure and materials with a steriotomic and durable nature to withstand forces imposed on the building and to protect grain handeling equipment when flooding occurs. Consequently they will accommodate the fluidic nature of the river and produce moving through processing systems.

In turn the shell of the facility is defined by tectonic structural systems and lightweight materials to accommodate movement of processing systems and the flow of natural fluids.

0131

0132

fig.149 section through the processing facility of the LOCUST

public walkway/ viewing deck

existing bridge

Fig.151. Conceptual section through the processing facility

Fig.152. Conceptual section through the processing facility

0133 Fig.150. Conceptual illustration of point, line and surface in built form

0134

design synthesis 0135

07 0136

existing bridge vaal river processing facility proposed development

site plan

0137

0138

6 25 basment entrance recieving shed basement recieving bins rainwater harvesting tank pump room access/ fire stair

23

1 2 3

24

4 5 6 water wheel 7 courtyard 8 access control 9 processing shed basement 10 staff parking 11 staff quaters entrance 12 handeling grain silo 13

6 6 21

20

19

22

stored grain silo 14 access walkway 15

7

fermentation enzime deliveries 16 service yard 17

14

fermentation shed 18

distilation columns 22 centrifuge drum 23

-01 basement 5

10

15

20

10

6

17

2 5 8

4

25m

0139

13

3

access walkway 24 existing bridge above 25 service lift 26

18 16

mashing pit 20 water wheel 21

0

15

6

friction heaters 19

1

0140

9

6

11 26

12

6 NOMAD docking station 1 temporary harvest storage 2 control room 3 battery room 4 balcony 5 access/ fire stair 6 water wheel 7 workshop 8 planter courtyard below receiving shed entrance loading/ unloading ddgs

28 27 26

9 10

6 6

11 12

service lift 13 processing storage 14

23

handiling grain silo 15

24

25

storage grain silo 16 service area 17

22

ddgs processing floor 18

7

staff quaters 19 staff parking 20 fermentation shed 21 ddgs recieving bins 22 mashing pit 23

4 3 5

2

access walkway 26

bridge above 29

00 processing 10

15

20

18

15 6

1

centrifuge drum 27 bridge above 28

5

21

17

friction heating drums below 24 distilation columns 25

0

16

6

8

0141

0142

11

14 14

6 10

25m

9

14

12

20 13

19 29

6 20 19 18 6

courtyard below 1 loading dock below 2 water table 3 processing reception below 4 walkway from recieving shed 5 access/ fire stair 6 water wheel 7 processing floor below 8 public viewing deck existing bridge service area handling graing silo

6 15 16

9 10

14 7

11 12

13

6

service lift 13 processing storage 14

10

11

handiling grain silo 15

8

12

storage grain silo 16 service area 17

9

ddgs processing floor 18 staff quaters 19

5

staff parking 20

01

0

5

10

15

20

1

4

25m

public

2

0143

0144

3

10

9

17

transfer

receiving shed

receiving shed

grain distribution conveyor

0145

0146

grain distribution conveyor

section a

processing shed

existing bridge

staff quaters

section b

0147

0148

processing shed

centrifuge

mashing pit

silos

receiving shed

north west 0149

0150

walkway/ link centrifuge

south east

silos

processing shed

0151

existing bridge

0152

staff quaters

enzime deliveries public viewing deck

fermentation shed

0153

0154

distilation columns

north east

0155

0156

0157

0158

technical resolution 0159

08 0160

A

A

20m road

GENERAL NOTES:

servitude

AB BO UN DAR Y7 1 50 8

GROUNDS

59,3 00

3,0 00

bas e en men

bas em

soft lan pe dsca

CB BO UN DAR Y1 47 1 10

deli ve coll ries an ecti ons d

pub lic p ark ing

PO

BO UN CB

RT IO AG N 1 O RIC F ULT DIEP UR W A T AL VIL ER 97 LAG -JR E

RT IO AG N 9 O RIC F ULT DIEP UR W A T AL VIL ER 97 LAG -JR E

PO

pub lic w alkw ay

pub lic w alkw ay 3034

3032

no obs truc tion s

3030

E

3040 3042

3044

B

PR O RE POSE SE D FAC ARCH ILIT Y

PR MO OPOS LUC ED U F FA CIL LAR ITY

A

FG BOUNDARY 57 695

3048

PORTION 15 OF DIEPWATER 97-JR AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE

9,8 00 3050

7,0 45

12,1 25

CD

BO UN DA

line od r flo yea 50 3034

3032 Name :

30 Rikus 28

3030

Engelbrecht 3026 206115130 3024

Project : 30description 22

existing vegetation

PR CE OPOS NTE ED FAC RFUG ILIT E Y

C

soft cour lan tya per dscap rd in spe ciali g as st

0m brid ge ser vitu de

serv ic deliv es and erie s

C 3034

3036

110 m 50 ye pipe m ø u ar flo pvc od lin to e to s fall m sewe epti in 1:4 r c ta sep nk 0 tic ta spe nk as cialis per 46 30 t 58,248

100 000 datum point marked with iron peg @ 112 595 above sea level on top of bridge

AD PROP MIN O IST SED K RA TIO IOSK NO + FFI CE S

water tower and bore hole

30 38

R 8,000

0m brid ge ser vitu de

STI N

EXI

39,5 55

water tower and bore hole

3,8 95

OS STA ED FIL D L TI O N ING

EN TRA ram NC E p 1:6 @ 0

pub lic w alkw ay

6,8 20

remove existing handrail repair and make good

S

pub lic w alkw ay

P STA ROPO FF S QU ED A TE R

b no ridge cr obst oss ruct ing ions

3,5 75

G

no obs truc tion s

no obs truc tion s

OP

line od r flo yea

VAAL RIVER remove existing handrail repair and make good

PROPOSED FERMENTATION SHED

8,004

p.

s.o.

1:8

10,7 15 1,8 15 9,275

3036

hard lan per dscap in spe ciali g as st

30 24 30 22

bra a are i a

3044

3042

GE

pos wate ition o r wh f eel

PH AS E1

D01

wate r ta ble

ram p@

2

20. No existing vegitation to be rom architect or specialist.

21. All new trees to be fruitbearing 22. All new landscaping to be done

GB RID

soft landscaping as per specialist

R TI O AG N 10 O RIC F ULT DIEP W U 46 RAL V ATER 470 ILL FUTURE PROPOSED m AG 97-JR ² AUCTIONING ARENA E

5,0 20

2

LANDSCAPING NOTES:

3046

STI N

PH ASE 5

PO

no servic obst ructes ions

12,1 25

AA

GH BO UN DA RY 63 836

HI B OU ND ARY 148 212

RT IO AG N 10 RIC OF D UL TU IEPW R A A 80 598 L VIL TER 9 LAG 7-J m² R E

staff parking

9

1

PO

7,0 45

I

water tower

Hoo psta d

soft landscaping as per specialist

9

ED

AA

hard landscaping as per specialist

R59 to

ramp @ 1:8

courtyard

PR OC OPOS ESS E ING D SH

1

PR

11,1 10

10,4 55 4,0 25 11,0 25

PROPOSED RECIEVING SHED

water table

basement entrance

no obstructions

7 ,12 98

13,2 00

4,315

access line of VOERBEEST

PR MA OPOS SH ING ED PIT

position of water wheel

s.o.p.

1,8 25 9,2 75

3026

3048

BO 3038 UN DAR Y5 8 20 0

3026 3024 3022

19,3 99

3028

3052

PR

3028

12,1 25

3030

2,3 30 1,0 00 14,8 75

IJ B OU ND AR Y6 20 11

PH AS E2 /3/4

A

31,220

SER VIC ER OA D

0162

S.O.P DETAIL Scale:1:100

JK BOUNDARY 28 747

no obstructions

S

line of e brid xisting ge

3048

0161

RT ION AG 3-8 O RIC ULT F DIE P U 105 RAL WATE 853 VILL R 97 AG m² E -JR

STAD

3046

PO

AA

2

OOP TO H

flood lin e

30,920 J

P STA ROPO FF S QU ED A TE R

exis ting stru 1-2 ctural , A-C grid :

way grid

walk w 8-9 ay gri ; AA d : -JJ

1

LOCALITY PLAN

B

K

8,0 00

D-01 -

50 year

3044

100 000 datum point marked with iron peg @ 112 595 above sea level on top of bridge

exis ting colu mn

C

3034

3038

3042

GE

center line of column to be used as setting out point

lin e

ENTRANCE

3040

GB RID

VOERBEEST DELIVERY ENTRANCE

STI N

7,032 30 45

VAAL RIVER

AR KL E BO STUA OF UN DA DY RY 259 950

ye ar flo od

3036

A

wate r ta ble

2,1 00

pub lic w alkw ay

walk

line of e brid xisting ge

2,5 00

EXI

PR CE OPOS NTE ED FAC RFUG ILIT E Y

50

CD

13. Sewer reticulation and connect and documentation 14. All plumbing and drainage mu authority and NBR by-laws and reg 15. All bends and junctions in drai overs at ground level.

16. Waste fittings to have reseal t 17. Any portion of drain at a depth level shall be encased in concrete points of 100mm measured from 18. Any portion of drain passing u building or footing shall be protecte be without bends or junctions alon building and should have a re. befo building.

19. The minimum fall to all drain pi 19.1. 100mm Ø for drains an approved material.

19.2. 32mm dia waste pipes 19.3. 76mm dia waste pipes

R 7,500

305 0

SITE PLAN Scale:1:750

EXI

PO

STAD OOP TO H walk w 8-9 ay gri ; AA d : -JJ s.o.p .

FREE STATE

AGRICULTURAL LAND

3036

3034

50

AGRICULTURAL LAND

9

PR MO OPOS LU ED FAC CULA ILIT R Y

59,3 00

LOCALITY PLAN

8

PR O RE POSE SE D FAC ARCH ILIT Y

0m brid ge serv itud e 0m brid ge serv itud e

PH AS E1

AGRICULTURAL LAND

C

ucti on

s NOTES: PLUMBING

30 40

soft court ya lan per dscap rd in spe cialis g as t

water tower and bore hole

KL BO UN DA RY 259 950

FREE STATE

30 38

RI VE R

30 24 30 22

no

3056

3054

DE BO UN DA RY 131 699

3026

SITE

VA AL

AD PROP MIN O IST SED K RA TIO IOSK NO + FFIC ES

30 3030 4 3020 8

lin e

R 8,000

hard land per scap spec ing ialis as t

3034 3032

PR O STOPOSE RA D ET GE H FAC ANO ILIT L Y

304 2

3036

ye ar flo od

OS STA ED FIL TIO LIN G N

R 30,500

GE

existing golf course

L

OP

PO

RI VE R

PR

BO LM UN 12 DARY 716 M

no obst ruct ions

RT IO AG N 10 RIC OF D UL TU IEPW A 80 RAL 598 VIL TER 9 LAG 7-J m² R E

R59

3044

AC CE SS RO AD

NORTH WEST

VA AL

R59

NORTH WEST

304 6

30 38

no obst ruct ions

PR O STOPOSE R A D ET GE H FAC ANO ILIT L Y

SITE

ER RIV AL VA

AGRICULTURAL LAND

AL VA

PO

30 40

50

ER RIV

no obst ruct ions

3048

BLOEMHOF

N12

305 0

304 2

47,040 EF BOUNDARY 47 040

3044

existing golf course

BO LM UN 12 DARY 716 M

GB RID

N12

L

RT deliv IO e colle ries an AG N 1 O d ctio ns RIC FD ULT IEP UR W A T AL EN TRA VIL ER 97 ram NC E p LAG -JR 1:6 @ 0 E

3046

3058

R 7,500

pub lic p ark ing

305 2

3048

BLOEMHOF

t no tran obst ce MA r speciaplisintg as ruct ions BO UN DA RY 74 827 veh entr icular a no obst nce R59 ruct ions to B loem hof

RT IO AG N 1 O RIC F ULT DIEP UR W A T AL VIL ER 97 LAG -JR E

3050

B

no obst ruct ions

DIS PROP TIL O ATIO SED NS HE D

AY

LW

RAI

R 30,500

MA BO UN DA RY 74 827

305 4

3052

EX GH ISTIN OLF G HO CLU B US E

Y

WA

RAIL

AB BO UN DAR Y7 1 50 8

pub lic w alkw ay

EX GH ISTIN OLF G HO CLU B US E

305 4

20

1. All work to comply with local a 2. Read figured dimensions in pre 3. The contractor must verify all le site and to check same against th commencing work and to convince is correct and in accordance with t 4. Contractors are to locate existi these from damage throughout the 5. The contractor is responsible f surveyor pegs, markers and setting reference to grid lines, column pos from surveyor markers boundaries and building li 6. Any errors ,discrepancies or om architect before commencing any w 7. 350 microns damp proof-course and cills and vertical dpc. to all cha 8. Flashing to be installed to all ch walls .

9. Concrete surface beds to be ca 10. All ventilation to Mechanical E 11. Reinforced concrete columns be strictly in accordance with the s 12. Electrical reticulation on site an obs engineer's design and documentat tr

soft land

305 6

3056

LOCU The Design Silage Prod Drawing :

SITE PLAN, LOCALITY S.O.P DETAIL

Date OUT :

07 . 07 . 2014 Scale

AS INDICATED VAAL RIVER

Date IN

04 . 09

MILD STEEL silo to be installed by specialist loading dock below

8

Mentis Grid x 97 715

WALKWAY

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

CONTROLL ROOM Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

170mm step

2

CAST IRON chimney to comply with part V of the NBR

170mm step

LOCUST_ The Design of a Didactic Silage Production Plant Drawing :

A LEVEL 0 Scale:1:100

LEVEL 0

Date OUT :

07 . 07 . 2014 Scale

1:100

Date IN

04 . 09 . 2014

Sheet No./No.

D/01

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

line of door frame SALIGNA TIMBER bench @ 450mm high

line of beam

8,000

1

Rikus Engelbrecht 206115130

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

6 5 4 3 2 1

12,500

0164

M

Name :

Project description :

100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL SHS as frame for timber lover structure and bench

STORAGE SILO

9 water table

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER bullastrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

1 2 3 4 5 6

5

Tar

line of beam above

line of beam above

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

Mentis Grid x 99 060

EXISTING BRIDGE

100 000 datum as per detail

2,100

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

6 5 4 3 2 1

6,250

line of existing bridge above

line of beam

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

0163

2,500

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER bullastrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

access walkway above

N

Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

line of retaining wall below

line of beam

overhead crane as per mechanical engineer to be installed by specialist

1

3

2

4

6

7

9

8

10

12

11

13

15

14

16

18

17

19

21

20

22

24

23

5

timber louver as per detail

Solar Panels and Geyser to be installed by specialist

OBSERVATION DECK

6 5 4 3 2 1

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

line of beam

6,250

NO OBSTRUCTIONS

OBSERVATION DECK

metis grating walkway roof

25

line of beam above

Mentis Grid

walkway roof above

WALKWAY

6,250

12,500

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER balustrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

6,250

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail LOADING BAY BELOW

S.O.P

water table below

Mentis Grating Grid UFFL 101 980

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

metis grating

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL balustrade TREAD: 250 RISER: 189

CAST IRON cladded 1100mm high balustrade

line of beam

LANDING

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

overhead crane as per mechanical engineer to be installed by specialist

12,500

6,250

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

planter below

G N

6

line of beam

6,250

line of existing bridge above

6,250

Mentis Grid x 97 715

WALKWAY access walkway above

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

200x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL circular hollow section column UP

line of beam above

SERVICE + CONTROLL PLATFORM

CC

line of beam above

5,885

5

DD

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

A

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

5,885

4

UFFl 100 000

timber louver as per detail

Paving Brick UFFl 100 200

perforated galvanised ALUMINIUM louver system as per manufacturers spec.

15 14 13 12 11 10 9

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

B

line of retaining wall below

line of beam above

A

Timber Floor

LIFT SERVICE PLATFORM

F

g ivin rece om p fr shed ram

UP

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

line of beam above

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

line of beam above

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

timber louver panel

DIS

distribution conveyor as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

LANDING

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

DATA LOGGING WORKSTATION

5,000

NV CO

6 5 4 3 2 1

20. No existing vegitation to be removed unless indicated otherwise by architect or specialist.

21. All new trees to be fruit bearing trees 22. All new landscaping to be done by specialist

COLUMN NOTE: 50x50mm SALIGNA TIMBER beam fixed to 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for enzyme tanks installed by specialist

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high EE P MILD STEEL balustrade TREAD: 260 PUBLIC WALKWAY RISER: 190

BB

R EYO

N UTIO TRIB

line of beam above

ay alkw of w line above

weight belt base footing to detail

w belo eam of b line

CAST IRON cladded 1100mm high balustrade

line of walkway above

ing build ent djac of a line

distribution conveyor above

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for distribution conveyor

line of beam below

reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

line of beam 228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

DOUBLE VOLUME

CONTROLL ROOM Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

D-03 Detail

line of beam

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

OBSERVATION DECK

170mm step

line of beam

5,000

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

E

PROCESSING SHED

G

170mm step

line of beam

MILD STEEL silo to be installed by specialist

FF

line of beam above

line of beam above

OBSERVATION DECK

LANDING

5,000

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LANDING

5,000

STORAGE SILO

F

6,250

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

line of screen above

SCREEN NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 50x50x5mm thick RHS as primary structure with 25mm thick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

1 2 3 4 5 6

200x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL circular hollow section column

line of beam

1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250

line of beam below

5,000

line of beam

line of beam

5,000 5,000 5,000

line of beam

perforated galvanised ALUMINIUM louver system as per manufacturers spec.

25,000

distribution conveyor above

25,000

12

G

13. Sewer reticulation and connection as per civil engineer's design and documentation 14. All plumbing and drainage must comply with the relevant local authority and NBR by-laws and regulations.

15. All bends and junctions in drain to be fitted with ie's and marked overs at ground level.

16. Waste fittings to have reseal traps and to be fully accessible.

17. Any portion of drain at a depth of 450 mm or less below ground level shall be encased in concrete having a min. thickness at all points of 100mm measured from the external surface of the pipe.

18. Any portion of drain passing under any part off the building or footing shall be protected against the load, this pipe must be without bends or junctions along its entire length under the building and should have a re. before and after passing under the building.

19. The minimum fall to all drain pipes to be 1 : 40 19.1. 100mm Ø for drains and ventilation pipes of approved material.

19.2. 32mm dia waste pipes to wash basins 19.3. 76mm dia waste pipes to all other waste fittings

line of beam above

line of beam above

PLUMBING NOTES:

Q

GG

Tar

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

12

A

Mentis Grating Grid UFFL 101 980

T

NTA

ME

FER

50x150mm SALIGNA TIMBER column as structural support for walkway roof

EXISTING BRIDGE

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

line of beam above

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

STORAGE SILO

W

ELO

FB

OO

DR

HE

S ION

1. All work to comply with local authorities and NBR by-laws.

2. Read figured dimensions in preference to scaling.

3. The contractor must verify all levels, heights and dimensions on site and to check same against the set of drawings before commencing work and to convince himself that the information given is correct and in accordance with the conditions on site.

4. Contractors are to locate existing services on site and protect these from damage throughout the duration of the works.

5. The contractor is responsible for the correct identification of all surveyor pegs, markers and setting out of the building with particular reference to grid lines, column positions ,internal and external walls from surveyor markers boundaries and building lines etc..

6. Any errors ,discrepancies or omissions to be reported to the architect before commencing any work.

7. 350 microns damp proof-course are to be installed under all walls and cills and vertical dpc. to all changes of floor levels.

8. Flashing to be installed to all changes of roof levels and parapet walls .

9. Concrete surface beds to be cast on well compacted filling.

10. All ventilation to Mechanical Engineer's design & specification 11. Reinforced concrete columns ,slabs ,beams foundations etc.. to be strictly in accordance with the structural engineers specifications.

12. Electrical reticulation on site and connection as per electrical engineer's design and documentation.

LANDSCAPING NOTES:

6 5 4 3 2 1

STAIR FRAME NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 140x140x5mm thick I-sections as primary SERVICE + CONTROLL PLATFORM structure and 25mmthick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

1

UP

26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

STAIR FRAME NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 140x140x5mm thick I-sections as primary structure and 25mmthick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

line of beam above

line of beam

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL balustrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

7

A

H

B

6

w belo wall ing tain of re line

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

H

B

5

OW

BEL

4

ER

RIV

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

MILD STEEL silo to be installed by specialist

STORAGE SILO

low l be wal g inin eta D-03 of r Detail line

MILD STEEL silo to be installed by specialist

3

J

ing tain of re w line all belo w

ED 01

13

200x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL circular hollow section column

ED 01

12

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

11

D-04 Detail

10

perforated galvanised ALUMINIUM louver system as per manufacturers spec.

line of beam

9

ER

RIV

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

C

8

OW BEL

19

weight belt base footing to detail

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as 228x504mm thick structural support for SALIGNA distribution conveyor laminated timber column

K

6 distribution conveyor belt system to mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

5,885

18

5 5,885 reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

ED 01

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

SILO FRAME NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 140x140x5mm thick I-sections as primary structure and 25mmthick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

17

4

g inin eta of r elow e lin all b w

ED 01

HH

16

mechanical weight pulley and mechanism below

line of beam above

15

STAINLESS STEEL silos to be installed by specialist

200x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL circular hollow DDGS section columnRECIEVING

2,000

R

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

OW

BEL

R IVE

2

TEMP STORAGE SILO

elow in b r sk uve er lo timb

w belo wall ing tain of re line

R

JJ

14

J

mechanical weight pulley and mechanism below

D-04 Detail

TEMP STORAGE SILO

Timber Floor

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel

mechanical weight pulley below

12,500

WEIGH STATION

galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 50x50x5mm thick RHS as primary structure with 25mm thick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

GENERAL NOTES:

duct

5,000

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

2x 100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square hollow section

line of slab above

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

MASHING PIT BELOW

C

perforated galvanised ALUMINIUM louver system as per manufacturers spec.

WALKWAY

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

6,250 6,250

enzyme storing tank as per engineer to be installed by specialist

access walkway below

COLUMN NOTE: 50x50mm SALIGNA TIMBER beam fixed to 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Hcolumn to detail as structural support for enzyme tanks installed by specialist

perforated CORTEN STEEL screen to detail

LEGEND reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

12,500

200x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Circular hollow section bolted to timber columns

line of beam

access walkway below

6,250

planter below

DD

1

RECEPTION LANDING

100 000 datum as per detail

S.O.P

85mm weather step

5,885

5

6

LOADING DOCK water table

Breathecaot Floor Screed UFFL: 96 165

8

9

12,500

line of retaining wall below

access walkway below

Rikus Engelbrecht 206115130

PERSPECTIVE

24

25

0166

0165

M

line of beam

PERSPECTIVE

existing concrete column + retaining wall 8,000

1

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

9

8

7

12

11

6

5

10

4

AA

2

LEVEL -1 Scale:1:100

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL panel with v-groove and butt joint weld as silo wall to be installed by specialist

PLAN

Project description :

STAFF QAUTERS BELOW DOUBLE VOLUME

counter

STORAGE

2,100 5,885

line of beam above

6,250 line of existing bridge above

counter

line of walkway above

LIFT

Access Floor UFFL: 96 250

3

NO OBSTRUCTIONS

5

Name :

7 2

LOADING BAY

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted to silo wall panel with M14 nut and bolt set

6

galvanised MILD STEEL lift to be installed by specialist

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER balustrade TREAD: 250 RISER: 189

4 5

1

1 2 3 4 5 7 8

100x100x5mm thick MILD STEEL C-channel bolted to silo wall panel and fillet welded with butt joints at connections

A

line of beam above

LOCUST_ The Design of a Didactic Silage Production Plant

line of beam above

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

UP

6,250

DIS

15 14 13 12 11 10 9

LIFT SERVICE DUCT

R EYO

V ON

line of walkway above

ing build ent djac of a line

distribution conveyor above

25mm remanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flat bar bolted to angles

staff parking below

BB

NC UTIO TRIB

g ivin rece om p fr shed ram

N

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

WORKSHOP + SERVICE YARD

ay alkw of w line above

weight belt base footing to detail

on conveyor as per chanical engineers and specifications

3

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

counter

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

line of beam below

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for distribution conveyor

Access Floor

CC

line of beam

reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

PALLET STORE

6,250

line of beam

ESS STEEL silo to stalled by specialist

line of balcony above

line of screen above

access walkway above

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

STORAGE SILO

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER column

OUTSIDE 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve bracket as per engineer

Date OUT :

Scale

1:100

Date IN

04 . 09 . 2014

Sheet No./No.

D/02

38x114mm MERANTI TIMBER column bolted to base plate with M18 nut and bolt set distribution conveyerbelt weight anchor to mechanical engineers drawings and spec.

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to structural engineers spec. welded to base plate

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam to structural engineers spec. fixed to I-section with M14 nut and bolt set

STORAGE SILO IPE 500 galvanised MILD STEEL I-beam

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flat bar bolted to angles

100x100x5mm thick MILD STEEL C-channel bolted to silo wall panel and fillet welded with butt joints at connections 100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted to silo wall panel with M14 nut and bolt set 10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL panel with v-groove and butt joint weld as silo wall to be installed by specialist

LEVEL -1

07 . 07 . 2014

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam to structural engineers spec. fixed to I-section with M14 nut and bolt set

200x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Circular hollow section bolted to timber columns

Drawing :

A

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to reiforced CONCRETE slab with M20 chemical anchor bolts

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted to flat bar and fillet welded with corner joints to CHS

IPE 500 galvanised MILD STEEL I-beam

2

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to structural engineers spec. welded to base plate

25x140mm SALIGNA TIMBER spacer

5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve bracket as per engineer

2,500

m thick galvanised EEL circular hollow section column

M20 galvanised MILD STEEL nut and bolt set with 300x20mm galvanised MILD STEEL base as column fixing

Access Floor 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

line of beam

1,750

500x185x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-section

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER column

PLAN

INSIDE line of beam below

line of retaining wall below

timber louver skin 170mm step

distribution conveyerbelt weight anchor to mechanical engineers drawings and reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer spec.

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted to flat bar and fillet welded with corner joints to CHS

B

1

3

2

4

6

5

7

9

8

10

12

11

13

15

14

16

18

17

19

21

20

22

24

P

23

25

existing concrete column

TOOLS AND MACHINERY STORE

38x114mm MERANTI TIMBER column bolted to base plate with M18 nut and bolt set

25x140mm SALIGNA TIMBER spacer

distribution conveyor above

6,250

line of balcony above

Access Floor

existing concrete column

WALL NOTE: 250mm thick prefabricated sandwich panel with 5mm CAST IRON finish between 250x200x10mm galvanised MILD STEEL H-columns as per specialist

line of beam

M20 galvanised MILD STEEL nut and bolt set with 300x20mm galvanised MILD STEEL base as column fixing

100x500mm SALIGNA TIMBER column

12,500

26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

Access Floor UFFL: 96 250

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to reiforced CONCRETE slab with M20 chemical anchor bolts

500x185x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-section

distribution conveyor above

FF

EE

line of balcony above

4,395

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

SERVICE + CONTROLL PLATFORM Mentis Grating Grid UFFL: 100 000

Access Floor UFFL: 96 250

WALKWAY AND SERVICE AREA

DOUBLE VOLUME

line of beam bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

LANDSCAPING NOTES: 20. No existing vegitation to be romved unless indicated otherwise by architect or specialist.

21. All new trees to be fruitbearing trees 22. All new landscaping to be done by specialist

deliveries zone below

PACKAGING STORE 200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

LEGEND

line of beam below

Access Floor

line of existing bridge above

Mentis Grid UFFL: 96 250

WALKWAY

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

12,500

duct

DOUBLE VOLUME

Q

GG

6,250

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

Staff Entrance

line of screen above

1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250

distribution conveyor above

line of beam below

WALKWAY AND SERVICE AREA

1,250 1,250 line of beam

7

LANDING

6

FINAL PACKAGING AND PALLETING

line of beam galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER balustrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

5

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER balustrade TREAD: 330 RISER: 145

13. Sewer reticulation and connection as per civil engineer's design and documentation 14. All plumbing and drainage must comply with the relevant local authority and NBR by-laws and regulations.

15. All bends and junctions in drain to be fitted with ie's and marked overs at ground level.

16. Waste fittings to have reseal traps and to be fully accessible.

17. Any portion of drain at a depth of 450 mm or less below ground level shall be encased in concrete having a min. thickness at all points of 100mm measured from the external surface of the pipe.

18. Any portion of drain passing under any part off the building or footing shall be protected against the load, this pipe must be without bends or junctions along its entire length under the building and should have a re. before and after passing under the building.

19. The minimum fall to all drain pipes to be 1 : 40 19.1. 100mm Ø for drains and ventilation pipes of approved material.

19.2. 32mm dia waste pipes to wash basins 19.3. 76mm dia waste pipes to all other waste fittings

enzyme storing tank as per engineer to be installed by specialist

line of beam

4

1

4

D-02 Detail

mm remanufactured GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

228x504mm thick MERANTI laminated timber column

19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1. All work to comply with local authorities and NBR by-laws.

2. Read figured dimensions in preference to scaling.

3. The contractor must verify all levels, heights and dimensions on site and to check same against the set of drawings before commencing work and to convince himself that the information given is correct and in accordance with the conditions on site.

4. Contractors are to locate existing services on site and protect these from damage throughout the duration of the works.

5. The contractor is responsible for the correct identification of all surveyor pegs, markers and setting out of the building with particular reference to grid lines, column positions ,internal and external walls from surveyor markers boundaries and building lines etc.

6. Any errors ,discrepancies or omissions to be reported to the architect before commencing any work.

7. 350 microns damp proof-course are to be installed under all walls and cills and vertical dpc. to all changes of floor levels.

8. Flashing to be installed to all changes of roof levels and parapet walls .

9. Concrete surface beds to be cast on well compacted filling.

10. All ventilation to Mechanical Engineer's design & specification 11. Reinforced concrete columns ,slabs ,beams foundations etc. to be strictly in accordance with the structural engineers specifications.

12. Electrical reticulation on site and connection as per electrical engineer's design and documentation.

PLUMBING NOTES:

w belo eam of b line

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

purpose made galvanised EXPANDED METAL MESH gate

line of beam

ESS STEEL silo to stalled by specialist

rforated galvanised IUM louver system anufacturers spec.

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

ED 01 1,750

UP

3

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

STORAGE SILO

2

m thick galvanised EEL circular hollow section column

SILO FRAME NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 140x140x5mm thick I-sections as primary structure and 25mmthick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

W

ELO

FB

OO

DR

HE

NS

TIO

TA EN

M

FER

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

D-03 Detail

13

line of beam

rforated galvanised IUM louver system anufacturers spec.

12

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

11

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for distribution conveyor

10

weight belt base footing to detail

WRAPPING

9

reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

distribution conveyor belt system to mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

5,885

19

5,885

6

HH

elow in b r sk uve er lo timb

w belo wall ing tain of re line

18

5

DDGS RECIEVING

R

17

Access Floor UFFL: 96 250

NOTE: all packaging equipment and machines as per mechanical engineer and to be installed by specialist

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

C

8

PACKAGING AREA

2,000

TEMP STORAGE SILO

OW

BEL

R IVE

line of retaining wall below

16

1,250

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel

elow in b r sk uve er lo timb

w belo wall ing tain of re line

R

JJ

15

4

TEMP STORAGE SILO

14

mechanical weight pulley and mechanism below

2x 100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square hollow section

mechanical weight pulley below

existing concrete column

existing concrete column

WEIGH STATION

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

STAINLESS STEEL silos to be installed by specialist

access walkway below

MASHING PIT BELOW

GENERAL NOTES:

access walkway above

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

OUTSIDE DETAIL 05 Scale:1:20

STORAGE SILO INSIDE

Name :

Rikus 2061

Project d

T S

DE Sc

Drawing

DETA

GENERAL NOTES:

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

WEIGH STATION

6,250

line of existing bridge above

1,250 1,250

line of screen above

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

1,250

5,885

5

6

2,100

metis grating walkway roof

12,500

2

1

3

5

4

6

8

7

10

9

11

13

12

14

16

15

17

19

18

20

22

21

23

24

25

loading dock below

water table

1

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam 170mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with min 1:8 fall as indicated

timber louver as per detail line of beam

line of beam above 6 5 4 3 2 1

Mentis Grid

walkway roof above

WALKWAY

12,500

line of retaining wall below

2

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel fillet welded with butt joint to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

5

line of door frame

Name :

Rikus Engelbrecht 206115130 Project description :

100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL SHS as frame for timber lover structure and bench

CAST IRON chimney to comply with part V of the NBR

reinforced CONCRETE column as STORAGE per structural engineerSILO

LOCUST_ The Design of a Didactic Silage Production Plant

0168

0167 LEVEL 0 Scale:1:100

100x100x8mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angle fixed to timber column DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN STEEL door as per detail

6 5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1

12,500

9 8,000

water table below

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER bullastrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

line of beam

M

100 000 datum as per detail

S.O.P

228x504mm thick SALIGNA 200ø dia and 10mm thick LAMINATED TIMBER beam galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

NGL

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER bullastrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

SALIGNA TIMBER bench @ 450mm high

2,500

8

140x140x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-column

96 980

Solar Panels and Geyser to be installed by specialist

STEEL door as per detail

NO OBSTRUCTIONS

140x140x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-beam

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN

LOADING BAY BELOW

line of beam above

5,885

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high TIMBER balustrade TREAD: 375 RISER: 168

6,250

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL balustrade TREAD: 250 RISER: 189

CAST IRON cladded 1100mm high balustrade

Mentis Grid x 99 060

EXISTING BRIDGE

metis grating

1 2 3 4 5 7 8

planter below

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

6,250

line of existing bridge above

DISTRIBUTION CONVEYOR

UP

WALL NOTE: 1250x1250x5mm thick prefabricated CORTEN STEEL cladding panel on 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL sub frame fixed to 100x50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channels as main frame.

g ivin rece om p fr shed ram

4

15 14 13 12 11 10 9

200ø dia and 10mm thick 200x300x5mm purpose galvanised MILDthick STEEL madeasMILD STEEL truss RHS per engineer hanger as per detail

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER spacer 100x100x8mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angle fixed to timber column galvanised MILD STEEL base plate as per detail

Tar

LIFT SERVICE PLATFORM

DIS

tion conveyor as per mechanical engineers gs and specifications

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

timber louver panel

ON

NC UTIO TRIB

IPE 500 I-beam ALUMINIUM louver system fixed to FLOOR NOTE: purpose made SALIGNA TIMBER 25mm thick MILD STEEL column mentis to manufactures grating panel fillet welded with specification butt joint to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled 228x75mm with M8 selfSALIGNA drilling steel LAMINATED bolts. Floor composite to fixed be fixed TIMBER column to IPE beam to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

line of beam

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

BB

OR VEY

100x100x8mm thick made 5mm thick purpose galvanised galvanised MILD MILD STEEL STEEL equal gutter as angle fixed to timber column per detail

116 585

line of beam above

timber louver as per detail

N

CC

ay alkw of w line above

weight belt base footing to detail

ELEVATOR LEVEL +4

B

line of retaining wall below

line of walkway above

ing build ent djac of a line

distribution conveyor above

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for distribution conveyor

line of beam below

reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

truss top cord @1450mm c.c.

96 980

A

line of beam above

75x75x5mm thick galvanised STORAGE SILO MILD STEEL C-channel on

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER column

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3 SERVICES + ACCESS

6,250

STEEL door as per detail

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

P

EE

DD

line of beam above

line of beam 228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

111 985

Paving Brick UFFl 100 200

UFFl 100 000

250x250x10mm thick H-beam galvanised MILD STEEL portal frame truss

5mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL gutter as per detail

88 920

PUBLIC WALKWAY

Timber Floor

100x100x8mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angle fixed to timber column

IPE 500 I-beam

150x150x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-post stabiliser

6,250

STEEL door as per detail

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roof sheeting

120 085

20. No existing vegitation to be removed unless indicated otherwise by architect or specialist.

21. All new trees to be fruit bearing trees 22. All new landscaping to be done by specialist

COLUMN NOTE: 50x50mm SALIGNA TIMBER beam fixed to 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as structural support for enzyme tanks installed by specialist

LAMINATED TIMBER beam

111 985 WALLPLATE LEVEL +5

LEVEL +3

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN

access walkway above

170mm step

line of beam

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

line of beam above

DATA LOGGING WORKSTATION

LD STEEL silo to be nstalled by specialist

Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

line of beam

1 2 3 4 5 6

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN

overhead crane as per mechanical engineer to be installed by specialist

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

OBSERVATION DECK

26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

line of beam

STORAGE SILO

w belo eam of b line

6,250

Mentis Grid x 97 715

WALKWAY

Corten Steel Floor Cladding UFFL 97 715

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

Mentis Grating Grid UFFL 101 980

mm thick galvanised TEEL circular hollow section column

13. Sewer reticulation and connection as per civil engineer's design and documentation 14. All plumbing and drainage must comply with the relevant local authority and NBR by-laws and regulations.

15. All bends and junctions in drain to be fitted with ie's and marked overs at ground level.

16. Waste fittings to have reseal traps and to be fully accessible.

17. Any portion of drain at a depth of 450 mm or less below ground level shall be encased in concrete having a min. thickness at all points of 100mm measured from the external surface of the pipe.

18. Any portion of drain passing under any part off the building or footing shall be protected against the load, this pipe must be without bends or junctions along its entire length under the building and should have a re. before and after passing under the building.

19. The minimum fall to all drain pipes to be 1 : 40 19.1. 100mm Ø for drains and ventilation pipes of approved material.

19.2. 32mm dia waste pipes to wash basins 19.3. 76mm dia waste pipes to all other waste fittings

CAST IRON cladded 1100mm high balustrade

STEEL door as per detail

purpose made CORTEN STEEL door as per mechanical engineer

OBSERVATION DECK

FF

line of beam above

line of beam above

galvanised MILD STEEL frame for top hinged CORTEN

CONTROLL ROOM

SCREEN NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 50x50x5mm thick RHS as primary structure with 25mm thick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

6,250

DOUBLE VOLUME

1,250

line of beam

170mm step

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LANDING

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and specifications

SERVICE + CONTROLL PLATFORM

erforated galvanised NIUM louver system manufacturers spec.

PLUMBING NOTES:

Q

GG

Tar

line of beam above

UP

50x150mm SALIGNA TIMBER column as structural support for walkway roof

EXISTING BRIDGE

line of beam

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL balustrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

OW

BEL

6,250

1,250 1,250 1,250

7

1,250

6

1,250

5

distribution conveyor above

4

line of beam below

3

line of beam

2

mm premanufactured S GRATING to detail and manufacturers specifications

M

FER

HE

NS

TIO

TA EN

OF

O DR

1. All work to comply with local authorities and NBR by-laws.

2. Read figured dimensions in preference to scaling.

3. The contractor must verify all levels, heights and dimensions on site and to check same against the set of drawings before commencing work and to convince himself that the information given is correct and in accordance with the conditions on site.

4. Contractors are to locate existing services on site and protect these from damage throughout the duration of the works.

5. The contractor is responsible for the correct identification of all surveyor pegs, markers and setting out of the building with particular reference to grid lines, column positions ,internal and external walls from surveyor markers boundaries and building lines etc..

6. Any errors ,discrepancies or omissions to be reported to the architect before commencing any work.

7. 350 microns damp proof-course are to be installed under all walls and cills and vertical dpc. to all changes of floor levels.

8. Flashing to be installed to all changes of roof levels and parapet walls .

9. Concrete surface beds to be cast on well compacted filling.

10. All ventilation to Mechanical Engineer's design & specification 11. Reinforced concrete columns ,slabs ,beams foundations etc.. to be strictly in accordance with the structural engineers specifications.

12. Electrical reticulation on site and connection as per electrical engineer's design and documentation.

LANDSCAPING NOTES:

6 5 4 3 2 1

D-03 Detail

13

SILO FRAME NOTE: galvanised MILD STEEL FRAME consistent out of 140x140x5mm thick I-sections as primary structure and 25mmthick MENTIS GRATING substructure as per engineers drawings

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

STORAGE SILO

LD STEEL silo to be nstalled by specialist

12

ED 01

11

mm thick galvanised TEEL circular hollow section column

silo access ladder to be installed by specialist

10

D-04 Detail

galvanised MILD STEEL hand rail as per detail

line of beam above

line of beam

erforated galvanised NIUM louver system manufacturers spec.

9

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

C

8

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column to detail as 228x504mm thick structural support for SALIGNA distribution conveyor laminated timber column

19

weight belt base footing to detail

18

distribution conveyor belt system to mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

5,885

reinforced CONCRETE base footing as per engineer

17

5,885

6

16

5

15

4

HH

14

mechanical weight pulley and mechanism below

DDGS RECIEVING

line of beam above

R

200ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHL as walkway connection to bridge as per detail

STAINLESS STEEL silos to be installed by specialist

2,000

OW

BEL

R IVE

1

TEMP STORAGE SILO

Timber Floor

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel

elow in b r sk uve er lo timb

w belo wall ing tain of re line

R

JJ

WALKWAY

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineer's drawings and specifications

TEMP STORAGE SILO

12,500

2x 100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square hollow section

line of slab above

duct

MASHING PIT BELOW

mechanical weight pulley below

reinforced CONCRETE pile 140x140x10mm thick galvanised foundations asI-beam per engineer MILD STEEL

140x140x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-column compacted BACKFILL in layers of 150mm 228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam

88 920

reinforced CONCRETE pile 170mm reinforced CONCRETE slab foundations with min 1:8as fallper as engineer indicated

Drawing :

A

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3

200ø dia and 10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

LEVEL 0

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER spacer Date OUT :

07 . 07 . 2014 Scale

1:100

Date IN

04 . 09 . 2014

Sheet No./No.

D/01

galvanised MILD STEEL base plate as per detail

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam

100x100x8mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angle fixed to timber column

NGL

STORAGE SILO

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base constructed out of 100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL fillet welded angles as per engineer DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist reinforced CONCRETE column as per engineer

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

96 980

SILO INSTALATION DETAIL Scale:1:20

100x100x8mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angle fixed to timber column

compacted BACKFILL in layers of 150mm

200ø dia and 10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel fillet welded with butt joint to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

140x140x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-beam

200x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL reinforced CONCRETE pile M20 nut RHS bolted with foundationsand as per boltengineer set to timber columns

140x140x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL I-column

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket welded to RHS as per engineer

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3 88 920

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flat bar bolted to angles

170mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with min 1:8 fall as indicated 228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER spacer

galvanised MILD STEEL base plate as per detail

reinforced CONCRETE column as per structural engineer

NGL DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

OUTSIDE

STORAGE SILO INSIDE

150x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted to silo wall panel with M14 nut and bolt set and welded to C-channel 100x100x5mm thick MILD STEEL C-channel bolted to silo wall panel welded with at connections M20 galvanised MILD STEEL nut and bolt set with 300x20mm galvanised MILD STEEL base plate

10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL panel as silo wall to be installed by specialist 228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER column

compacted BACKFILL in layers of 150mm

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

0169

228x504mm thick SALIGNA LAMINATED TIMBER beam

ALUMINIUM louver system fixed to purpose made SALIGNA TIMBER column to manufactures specification

0170 SILO INSTALLATION DETAIL Scale:1:20

4

5

6

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @1450mm c.c.

250x250x10mm thick H-beam galvanised MILD STEEL portal frame truss 5,885

300x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail 228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam fixed perforated ALUMINUIM louver system with powder coating as per manufacturers spec.

1

500x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail 228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 100x100x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 50x50x5mm angled iron web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS beam

3,500

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers spesifications

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

ELEVATOR LEVEL LEVEL +4

fixed perforated ALUMINUIM louver system with powder coating as per manufacturers spec.

8,000

8

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

116 585

9

galvanised MILD STEEL access ladder as per specialist

stair structural frame to detail 5,200

203

900

ELEVATOR LEVEL LEVEL +4

ELEVATOR LEVEL LEVEL +4

116 585

116 585

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +3

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +3

111 985

111 985

2,500

203 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

203

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam 5,270

111 985

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL roof panel as per manufacturer and t o be installed by specialist fixed to purpose made brackets retractable roof as per mechanical engineers spec. to detail on lipped channel

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL bullastrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

0.6mm KLIP LOK galvanised sheet metal steel roofsheeting

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

2500x500mm precasted REINFORCED CONCRETE box gutter to detail and engineers drawings

500 IPE section

SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

stair structural frame to detail

3mm galvanised MILD STEEL rain water downpipe fixed to H-column

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

ED 02 Detail

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers spesifications

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail

203

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

premanufactured galvanised MILD STEEL connection flashing per manufacturer

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

SERVICE WALKWAY

50x312mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

D-08 Detail

CRANE NOTE: overhead lifting crane as per structural and mechanical engineer and to be installed by specialist

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

203

5,000

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel door door as per manufacturer to be installed by specialist

SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

100 000

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail 38x114mm SALIGNA TIMBER decking on 50x50x3mm galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame

9,750

4,780

500 IPE section

1,985

D-09 Detail

SCREEN NOTE: 5mm thick EXPANDED METAL MESH welded to 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame and welded to supporting walkway

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

3,015

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

walkway and balustrade to detail ELEVATOR

4,780

96 980

ACCESS WALKWAY

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

purpose made florecent light fitting as per detail

3,735

203

4,720

ED-03 Detail

PUBLIC WALKWAY

PROCESSING

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

101 985

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam PAVING NOTE: 110mm permeable clay brick pavement with 6,5mm joints between pavers on sand setting bed with compacted aggregate base as per specialist

BRIDGE LEVEL 0

PUBLIC PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

250mm high access floor as per specialist

250mm high access floor as per specialist

7

6

4

3

2

galvanised MILD STEEL stair TREAD: 330 RISER: 180

1

SUNWORKS solar panels and solar Geyser to be installed by spesialist 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

20mm softbord movement joint

96 980

250mm high access floor as per specialist

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

20mm softbord movement joint premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

ISO BOARD ceiling insulation fixed to underside of I-beam

96 980

purpose made suspended timber ceiling to detail

purpose made suspended timber ceiling to detail

50x50x2mm galvanised MILD STEEL subframe fixed to I-beam

88 920

3 500

3,100 85 820

reinforced CONCRETE column as per structural engineer

DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist

compacted filling in layers of 150mm reinforced CONCRETE wall column as per structural engineer

DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist

DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist reinforced CONCRETE column as per structural engineer DERBIGUIM water proofing membrane as per specialist reinforced CONCRETE column as per structural engineer

11 10

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

9

reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab

7

0171

100mm thick weak CONCRETE as protective layer

20mm softbord movement joint

6

500 thick reinforced CONCRETE wall breathecoat floor screetd on 250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with 500mm thickenings at ends as per engineer

100mm thick weak CONCRETE as protective layer

purpose made timber louvre

8

BASEMENT LEVEL -4

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

6,220

203

BUCKET ELEVATOR PIT

500 IPE section

5

BASEMENT

4

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

breathecoat floor screetd on 250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with 500mm thickenings at ends as per engineer

3 galvanised MILD STEEL stair TREAD: 330 RISER: 189

0172 DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

Timber Decking

2 1

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

250mm thick masonry wall

STAFF PARKING BASEMENT LEVEL -4

TRUSS NOTE: 100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL T-profiled beam as top and bottom cord with 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flats as web members and 50x5omm SALIGNA TIMBER slats fixed to underside of truss

2,320

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3

12

Off Shutter Concrete

25x114mm SALIGNA TIMBER decking spaced at 6mm fixed to 25x25x3mm SHS subframe

WALKWAY

50x75mm SALIGNA purpose made timber lovre screen fixed to SHS subframe

16 15 14 13

galvanised MILD STEEL frame made out of 75x75x5mm equal angled irons as per engineer

Access Floor

SERVICE DUCT

1,190

1,990

88 920

PASSAGE

250mm high access floor as per specialist 17

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

5mm thick MILD STEEL flat plate fixed to 50x50x5 mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS as lining for elevator hull

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

GENTS

Access Floor

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3 88 920

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

dpc slip layer

10mm thick base plate with movement joint

SOLAR PANEL BATERY STORAGE

2,510

203

5,000

walkway and balustrade to detail

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3

access duct for drainage

TRUSS NOTE: 100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL T-profiled beam as top and bottom cord with 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flats as web members and 50x5omm SALIGNA TIMBER slats fixed to underside of truss

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel door door as per manufacturer to be installed by specialist

250mm "OWENS CORNING" factorylight flexibale non combustable lightweight fiberglass insulation sandwich panel with 3mm CORTEN STEEL flat plate finish as per manufacturer

purpose made alimunium window

D-08 Detail

100 000

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

existing bridge

500 IPE section

ACCESS WALKWAY

BRIDGE LEVEL 0

250mm high access floor as per specialist 5

D-10 Detail

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications distribution conveyour belt system to mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

101 985

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

100 200

100 000

PAKAGING STORE hillaldam coburn sliding door gear as per specialist

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1

0.6mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL edge flashing with drip

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

®

SAFCO Mild Steel Silo

galvanised MILD STEEL box frame consitent of 250x200x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c.

840

3,675

walkway and balustrade to detail

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on purpose made frame @ 1100mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 100x100x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 50x50x5mm angled iron web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

2,245

ACCESS WALKWAY

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

101 985

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 550mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

Perforate Corten Steel Cladding

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1

BRIDGE LEVEL 0

1,850

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

106 985

0.6mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL cap flashing with drip

140x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

500 IPE section SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

500x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail fix to underside of purlin

106 985

4,780

106 985

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 250x200x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c.

conveyor belt support frame consistent of 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1100mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

3mm galvanised MILD STEEL flat sheet panel fixed to equal angles

100mm "OWENS CORNING" factorylight flexibale non combustable lightweight fiberglass insulation material.

1,770

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +3

1,810

4,600

120 085

bucket elevator shoot frame consistent of 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

5,000

ROOF LEVEL LEVEL +5

120 085

R 5,500

140X302mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column

203

2 ROOF LEVEL LEVEL +5

500

120 085

5,885

140X302mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

1,175

WALL PLATE LEVEL +5

110mm thick masonry protective skin for waterproofing DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

Name :

Rikus Engelbrecht 206115130

grandular backfill

85 820

Project description :

100mm upvc grainpipe wrapped in geotextile layer reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

100mm thick weak CONCRETE as protective layer

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

LOCUST_ The Design of a Did Silage Production P

reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

20mm soft board protective layer DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist grandular backfill

Drawing :

SECTION A-A

SECTION A-A Scale:1:50 Date OUT :

100mm upvc grainpipe wrapped in geotextile layer

07 . 07 . 2014 Scale

1:50

Date IN

04 . 09 . 2014

S

D

consitent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

flashing per manufacturer

sheet metal roofsheeting

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel door door as per manufacturer to be installed by specialist

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 550mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

SCREEN NOTE: 5mm thick EXPANDED METAL MESH welded to 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame and welded to supporting walkway

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

9,750

38x114mm SALIGNA TIMBER decking on 50x50x3mm galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

4,720

ED-03 Detail

PUBLIC WALKWAY galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

walkway and balustrade to detail ELEVATOR

3,735

purpose made florecent light fitting as per detail

PROCESSING

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1 101 985

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

250mm high access floor as per specialist

250mm high access floor as per specialist

PAVING NOTE: 110mm permeable clay brick pavement with 6,5mm joints between pavers on sand setting bed with compacted aggregate base as per specialist

BRIDGE LEVEL 0

PUBLIC PEDESTRIAN CROSSING 7

100 000

6

5

4

3

2

galvanised MILD STEEL stair TREAD: 330 RISER: 180

1

SUNWORKS solar panels and solar Geyser to be installed by spesialist 203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

96 980

250mm high access floor as per specialist

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

20mm softbord movement joint premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

ISO BOARD ceiling insulation fixed to underside of I-beam

96 980

purpose made suspended timber ceiling to detail

purpose made suspended timber ceiling to detail

88 920

6,220

purpose made timber louvre 140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

3 500

250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab

7

20mm soft board protective layer

100mm thick weak CONCRETE as protective layer

20mm softbord movement joint

6 5

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

4

breathecoat floor screetd on 250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with 500mm thickenings at ends as per engineer

3

DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

Access Floor

25x114mm SALIGNA TIMBER decking spaced at 6mm fixed to 25x25x3mm SHS subframe

WALKWAY Timber Decking

2 1

reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

250mm thick masonry wall

STAFF PARKING BASEMENT LEVEL -4

TRUSS NOTE: 100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL T-profiled beam as top and bottom cord with 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flats as web members and 50x5omm SALIGNA TIMBER slats fixed to underside of truss

2,320

SERVICE DUCT

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

dpc slip layer

10mm thick base plate with movement joint

SOLAR PANEL BATERY STORAGE

110mm thick masonry protective skin for waterproofing DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist grandular backfill

85 820

100mm thick weak CONCRETE as protective layer

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

1,190

50x50x2mm galvanised MILD STEEL subframe fixed to I-beam

2,510

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3

14

0173 reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

PASSAGE

50x75mm SALIGNA purpose made timber lovre screen fixed to SHS subframe

16 15

9

galvanised MILD STEEL stair TREAD: 330 RISER: 189

GENTS

250mm high access floor as per specialist

8

BASEMENT

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

Access Floor

11

500 thick reinforced CONCRETE wall

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel door door as per manufacturer to be installed by specialist

250mm "OWENS CORNING" factorylight flexibale non combustable lightweight fiberglass insulation sandwich panel with 3mm CORTEN STEEL flat plate finish as per manufacturer

access duct for drainage

12

breathecoat floor screetd on 250mm reinforced CONCRETE slab with 500mm thickenings at ends as per engineer

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

20mm softbord movement joint

10

100 000

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

existing bridge

13

galvanised MILD STEEL frame made out of 75x75x5mm equal angled irons as per engineer

BRIDGE LEVEL 0

250mm high access floor as per specialist

D-10 Detail

17 140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

101 985

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

100 200

TRUSS NOTE: 100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL T-profiled beam as top and bottom cord with 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flats as web members and 50x5omm SALIGNA TIMBER slats fixed to underside of truss walkway and balustrade to detail

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1

0.6mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL edge flashing with drip

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

purpose made alimunium window

5mm thick MILD STEEL flat plate fixed to 50x50x5 mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS as lining for elevator hull

840

PAKAGING STORE hillaldam coburn sliding door gear as per specialist

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

D-08 Detail

galvanised MILD STEEL box frame consitent of 250x200x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c.

1,810

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame 3,675

D-09 Detail

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on purpose made frame @ 1100mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 100x100x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 50x50x5mm angled iron web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

2,245

walkway and balustrade to detail

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

1,770

1,850

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

106 985

0.6mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL cap flashing with drip

140x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

500

CRANE NOTE: overhead lifting crane as per structural and mechanical engineer and to be installed by specialist

50x312mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

D-08 Detail

1,175

SERVICE WALKWAY

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

500x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail fix to underside of purlin

106 985

compacted filling in layers of 150mm

0174 DERBIGUM waterproofing as per specialist

100mm upvc grainpipe wrapped in geotextile layer reinforced CONCRETE pad foundations as per engineer

reinforced CONCRETE pile foundations as per engineer

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL -3 88 920

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

0.6mm KLIP LOK galvanised sheet metal steel roofsheeting

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL roof panel as per manufacturer and t o be installed by specialist fixed to purpose made brackets

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM retractable roof as per mechanical engineers spec. to detail on lipped channel

MILD STEEL 100mm high EL bullastrade 60 90

®

SAFCO Mild Steel Silo

2500x500mm precasted REINFORCED CONCRETE box gutter to detail and engineers drawings

500 IPE section

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

ED 02 Detail

100mm "OWENS CORNING" factorylight flexibale non combustable lightweight fiberglass insulation material.

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +3 111 985

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail 3mm galvanised MILD STEEL rain water downpipe fixed to H-column galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

3mm galvanised MILD STEEL flat sheet panel fixed to equal angles conveyor belt support frame consistent of 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail premanufactured galvanised MILD STEEL connection flashing per manufacturer

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2 106 985

SERVICE WALKWAY

50x312mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

D-08 Detail

140x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

500 IPE section SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

CRANE NOTE: overhead lifting crane as per structural and mechanical engineer and to be installed by specialist

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

purpose made top hinged CORTEN steel door door as per manufacturer to be installed by specialist

ACCESS WALKWAY

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

walkway and balustrade to detail

D-09 Detail

SCREEN NOTE: 5mm thick EXPANDED METAL MESH welded to 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame and welded to supporting walkway

500 IPE section SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail 38x114mm SALIGNA TIMBER decking on 50x50x3mm galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame

PUBLIC VIEWING DECK

4,720

ED-03 Detail

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

ACCESS WALKWAY

walkway and balustrade to detail ELEVATOR

PUBLIC WALKWAY galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

purpose made florecent light fitting as per detail

3,735

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

PROCESSING

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

DATA COLLECTION LEVEL +1 101 985

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam PAVING NOTE: 110mm permeable clay brick pavement with 6,5mm joints between pavers on sand setting bed with compacted aggregate base as per specialist

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

BRIDGE LEVEL 0

PUBLIC PEDESTRIAN CROSSING 100 200

7

100 000

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

250mm high access floor as per specialist

250mm high access floor as per specialist

0175 D-08 Detail

0176

4

3

existing bridge

96 980

250mm high access floor as per specialist

PROCCESSING LEVEL -2

20mm softbord movement joint premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail ISO BOARD ceiling insulation fixed to underside of I-beam

access duct for drainage

TRUSS NOTE: 100x100x5mm galvanised MILD STEEL T-profiled beam as top and bottom cord with 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL flats as web members and 50x5omm SALIGNA TIMBER slats fixed to underside of truss

walkway and balustrade to detail 5mm thick MILD STEEL flat plate fixed to 50x50x5 mm

5

D-10 Detail

purpose made alimunium window

ACCESS WALKWAY

6

20mm softbord movement joint

500 IPE section

distribution conveyour belt system to mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 100x100x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 50x50x5mm angled iron web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

PAKAGING STORE hillaldam coburn sliding door gear as per specialist

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 550mm c.c.

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

Perforate Corten Steel Cladding

9,750

mm thick laminated am

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

2,245

10mm thick d MILD beam

17 140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL

16 15

50x75mm SALIGNA purpose made timber lovre screen fixed to SHS subframe

purpose made suspended timber ceiling to detail

2

1

g S T R

4

5

6

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @1450mm c.c.

250x250x10mm thick H-beam galvanised MILD STEEL portal frame truss 5,885

300x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail

WALL PLATE LEVEL +5

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

120 085

5,885

500x300x2.5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL gutter to detail 228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

140X302mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

fixed perforated ALUMINUIM louver system with powder coating as per manufacturers spec.

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

R 5,500 galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 100x100x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 50x50x5mm angled iron web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS beam

140X302mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber column 3,500

25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers spesifications

bucket elevator shoot frame consistent of 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail 228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam

ELEVATOR LEVEL LEVEL +4

fixed perforated ALUMINUIM louver system with powder coating as per manufacturers spec.

galvanised MILD STEEL access ladder as per specialist

stair structural frame to detail 5,200

203

900

2,500

25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +3

228x504mm thick SALIGNA laminated timber beam 5,270

111 985

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

0.6mm KLIP LOK galvanised sheet metal steel roofsheeting

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL roof panel as per manufacturer and t o be installed by specialist fixed to purpose made brackets

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM retractable roof as per mechanical engineers spec. to detail on lipped channel

galvanised MILD STEEL stair with 1100mm high MILD STEEL bullastrade TREAD: 260 RISER: 190

2500x500mm precasted REINFORCED CONCRETE box gutter to detail and engineers drawings

500 IPE section

SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roofsheeting

ED 02 Detail

100mm "OWENS CORNING" factorylight flexibale non combustable lightweight fiberglass insulation material.

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam 203

5,000

stair structural frame to detail 25mm premanufactured MENTIS GRATING to detail and manufacturers spesifications

SERVICE + ACCESS LEVEL +2

SERVICE AND CONRTOL PLATFORM

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame and fixed to 75x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angled with M8 self drilling steel bolts. Floor composite to be fixed to beam with M8 self tapping timber bolts as per manufacturers specifications

0177

4,780

106 985

9

203

203

4,600

203

8

203x203x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam

116 585

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consitent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web mebers as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

premanufactured CORTEN STEEL rain screen panel as per detail 3mm galvanised MILD STEEL rain water downpipe fixed to H-column 3mm galvanised MILD STEEL flat sheet panel fixed to equal angles

galvanised MILD STEEL column sleeve connection to detail

conveyor belt support frame consistent of 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS to detail premanufactured galvanised MILD STEEL connection flashing per manufacturer

SERVICE WALKWAY

0178 500 IPE section

SAFCO® Mild Steel Silo bucket elevator as per mechanical engineers drawings and spesifications

CRANE NOTE: overhead lifting crane as per structural and mechanical engineer and to be installed by specialist

FLOOR NOTE: 25mm thick MILD STEEL mentis grating panel welded to SHS sub frame

PLAN

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

2100

DETAIL Scale:1:20

200

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roof sheeting 100mm "OWENS CORNING" factory light flexible non combustible lightweight fiberglass insulation material.

300

0.8mm SHEET METAL counter flashing over water proofing and cap flashing connection

200

500

2mm SHEET METAL cap flashing fixed to underside of cladding sub frame

SECTION

retractable roof as per mechanical engineers spec. to detail on lipped channel

2500

6mm DERBIGUM torch on waterproofing membrane

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles fillet welded with butt joints to square tubing

2500x500x300mm precasted REINFORCED CONCRETE box gutter as per engineers drawings

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Sqaure hollow section column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square tubing bolted to C-channel with M10 self drilling bolts 50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts 3mm thick selfhealing CORTEN STEEL panel as per specialist bolted to purpose made bracket

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles fillet welded with butt joints to square tubing

50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts

galvanised MILD STEEL truss consistent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web members as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

100x100x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural engineers spec.

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Sqaure hollow section column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

150x150x20x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL lipped channel on top cord of truss with wheel track to be installed as per specialist and mechanical engineer

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square tubing bolted to C-channel with M10 self drilling bolts

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square tubing bolted to C-channel with M10 self drilling bolts 3mm thick selfhealing CORTEN STEEL panel as per specialist bolted to purpose made bracket 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL bracing bolted to C-column with M14 nut and bolt set

5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL bracing bolted to C-column with M14 nut and bolt set

250x250x30x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL lipped channel beam with wheel track to be installed as per specialist and mechanical engineer 1,990

250x250x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-beam bolted to flange connection from cladded wall

3mm thick selfhealing COR-TEN STEEL panel as per specialist bolted to purpose made bracket

SCREEN NOTE: 5mm thick EXPANDED METAL MESH welded to 50x50x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL SHS sub frame and welded to supporting walkway

1,250

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc

PLAN

galvanised MILD STEEL balustrade to detail

3mm thick self healing COR-TEN STEEL panel as per specialist

DETAIL Scale:1:5

DETAIL Scale:1:10

100x100x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-column to structural 2mm SHEET METAL cap flashing engineers spec. fixed to underside of cladding sub

50mm thick MENTIS GRID on suspended sub frame

ACCESS WALKWAY 101 985

2500 200

2100

frame

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

3mm thick selfhealing COR-TEN STEEL panel as counter per specialist

0.8mm SHEET METAL flashing over water proofing and cap flashing connection

50x50x2mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square hollow section panel as per manufacturer

100x100x5mm thick

galvanised MILD STEEL 6mm DERBIGUM torch on Sqaure hollow section waterproofing membrane column to structural

5mm ø MILD STEEL wire mesh with 50mm openings welded to sub frame

engineers spec.@ 1250cc

FRAME NOTE: purpose made suspended walkway consistent of 50x50x3mm MILD STEEL angled iron cord members and 5mm thick MILD STEEL flat bars bolted to gusset plate as web members welded to SHS

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square tubing frame

Name :

5

200 storage silo as per specialist distribution conveyor belt as per mechanical engineer

Rikus Engelbrecht 206115130 Project description :

LOCUST_ The Design of a Didactic Silage Production Plant Drawing :

DETAIL , DETAIL, EDGE DETAIL 03 Date OUT :

EDGE DETAIL 03 Scale:1:20

0179

PERSPECTIVE

0180

DETAIL Scale:1:20

07 . 07 . 2014 Scale

1:5, 1:10, 1:20

Date IN

04 . 09 . 2014

retractable roof as per mechanical engineers spec. to detail on lipped channel

CORTEN STEEL cladded wall as per detail

Sheet No./No.

LEGEND

D/08

0.6mm CHROMADECK® KLIP LOK sheet metal roof sheeting 100mm "OWENS CORNING" factory light flexible non combustible lightweight fiberglass insulation material.

300

100x100x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL Square hollow section column to structural engineers spec.@ 1250cc 5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL bracing bolted to C-column with M14 nut and bolt set

PERSPECTIVE

SECTION

20mm ø threaded rod with nut set as structural suspension member for walkway

1,839

500

DETAIL Scale:1:5

500

50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts

4,520

25x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL square tubing bolted to C-channel with M10 self drilling bolts

150x150x20x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL lipped channel on top cord of truss with wheel track to be installed as per specialist and mechanical engineer galvanised MILD STEEL truss consistent of 150x150x10mm thick T-beam top cord and 5mm thick flat bar web members as per engineer @ 6250mm max.c.c 75x75x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL C-channel on truss top cord @ 1500mm c.c.

2500x500x300mm precasted REINFORCED CONCRETE box gutter as per engineers drawings

250x250x30x10mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL lipped channel beam with wheel

walkway

50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to flange 80x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to H-column 200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer 50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket 25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

5mm thick purpose made flange with opening bolted to unequal angles 250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam fillet welded with corner joints to H-column

existing concrete column

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL T-flange plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket 25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

line of skin above

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

line of skin above

existing concrete column

line of skin above

3mm thick selfhealing perforated COR-TEN STEEL panel as per specialist

existing concrete column

line of skin above

walkway

50mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS

5mm thick purpose made flange with opening fillet welded to RHS with corner joints

walkway

LEGEND

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

PLAN

DETAIL 08 Scale:1:10

DETAIL 09 Scale:1:10

PLAN

0181

0182 existing concrete column

PLAN

DETAIL 10 Scale:1:10

walkway

80x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to H-column 200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer 50x25x3mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket 25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

5mm thick purpose made flange with opening bolted to unequal angles 250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL T-flange plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket 25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

line ab

T-beam fillet welded with corner joints to H-column

column

column

line of skin above

galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

line o ab

column

line of skin above

welded to RHS with corner joints 50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to flange

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

DETAIL 08 Scale:1:10

PLAN

DETAIL 09 Scale:1:10

PLAN

DETAIL 10 Scale:1:10

PLAN LEGEND

5

50x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL equal angles 1 bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to flange

walkway

80x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to H-column

6 7

5

2 ø galvanised MILD 200mm STEEL RHS as per engineer 50x25x3mm thick 3 MILD STEEL 4galvanised

profiled channel bolted to angles with M8 self drilling bolts 5mm thick purpose made flange with opening bolted to unequal angles 250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

15mm thick purpose made existing concrete galvanised MILD STEEL base plate boltedcolumn to RHS and sleeve bracket

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

engineer 200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer 250x250x20mm thick purpose made galvanised galvanised MILD STEEL MILD STEEL sleeve bracket H-column bolted to RHS as per engineer 15mm thick purpose made galvanised 250x250x20mm thick MILD STEEL galvanised MILDT-flange STEEL plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket H-column

25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

80x50x5mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL unequal angles bolted with M10 nut and bolt set to H-column

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam fillet welded with corner joints to H-column 140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL purpose made galvanised T-beam filletMILD welded with sleeve bracket STEEL corner joints to H-column bolted to RHS as per

250x250x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL H-column

5mm thick purpose made flange with opening bolted to unequal angles 5mm thick purpose made flange with opening fillet welded to RHS with corner joints

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket

50mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS

25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

3mm thick selfhealing perforated COR-TEN STEEL panel as per specialist

15mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL T-flange plate bolted to RHS and sleeve bracket 25mm thick purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL base plate bolted to existing bridge column with chemical anchors as per engineer

line of skin above

existing concrete column

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

purpose made galvanised MILD STEEL sleeve bracket bolted to RHS as per engineer

line of skin above

5mm thick purpose made flange with opening fillet welded to RHS with corner joints

200mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS as per engineer

existing concrete column

line of skin above

3mm thick selfhealing perforated COR-TEN STEEL panel as per specialist

line of skin above

50mm ø galvanised MILD STEEL RHS

walkway

walkway

existing concrete column

Na

R 2

Pr

140x140x20mm thick galvanised MILD STEEL T-beam

Dr

PLAN

PERSPECTIVE

DETAIL 08 Scale:1:10 DETAIL 08 Scale:1:10

PLAN

0183 PERSPECTIVE

0184

DETAIL 09 Scale:1:10

PLAN

DETAIL 10 Scale:1:10

D

Da

existing concrete DETAIL 09 column Scale:1:10

PERSPECTIVE

DETAIL 10 Scale:1:10

07

Sc

1:

references 0185

09 0186

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Sigfried, G. 1941. Space, time and architecture – the growth of a new tradition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. “‘Toward a Nomadic Architecture’ Exhibition” 19 Feb 2012. ArchDaily. Accessed 13 Oct 2014.

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CBC News. 2013. UN warns 25% of planet’s land is highly degraded [online] p1 Available from: http://www.cbc.ca/m/touch/canada/story/1.1111010

Accessed: 2013/10/10

Vidler, A. 1977. The third typology. Typology and transformation.

Dahinden, J. 1972. Urban structures for the future. Pall Mall Press. London.

Woods L. 2009. Fluid space. [Online] Available from: http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/2009/06/28/fluid-space/ Accessed: 2013/10/02

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Zuk & Clark. 1970. Kinetic Architecture. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company

He, G. Time, transformation, and contemporary architectural ruin on the Golden Coast, 2009 [Online] Available from:http://aap.cornell.edu/publications/association/assocv4/pdfs/He.pdf Accessed: 2013/10/16 Jenings, J. Principles of silage making. [Online] Available from: http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/FSA-3052.pdf Accessed: 2013/10/20 Kronenberg,R. 2001. Houses in Motion. Wiley Academy Lynch, K. 1964. The image of the city. Boston: MIT Press Peth, J. Climate change 101, [Online] Available from: http://www.personal.psu.edu/jcp5192/blogs/joanna_peth/2013/02/ Accessed: 2013/10/15

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